A Handbook on
Electronics
Engineering
Revised & Updated
Contains well illustrated formulae
& key theory concepts
For
ESE, GATE, PSUs
& OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS
Publications
Publications
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A Handbook on Electronics Engineering
© Copyright, by MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd.
All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photo-copying,
recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the above mentioned publisher of
this book.
First Edition: 2012
Second Edition: 2015
Third Edition: 2016
Fourth Edition: 2019
Reprint: 2020
Fifth Edition: 2021
Reprint: 2022
Typeset at: MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi-110016
Director’s Message
During the current age of international competition in
Science and Technology, the Indian participation through
skilled technical professionals have been challenging to the
world. Constant efforts and desire to achieve top positions
are still required.
B. Singh (Ex. IES)
I feel every candidate has ability to succeed but competitive
environment and quality guidance is required to achieve
high level goals. At MADE EASY, we help you to discover your hidden talent
and success quotient to achieve your ultimate goals. In my opinion CSE, ESE,
GATE & PSUs exams are tool to enter in to main stream of Nation serving. The
real application of knowledge and talent starts, after you enter in to the working
system. Here in MADE EASY you are also trained to become winner in your life
and achieve job satisfaction.
MADE EASY alumni have shared their winning stories of success and expressed
their gratitude towards quality guidance of MADE EASY. Our students have not
only secured All India First Ranks in ESE, GATE and PSUs entrance examinations
but also secured top positions in their career profiles. Now, I invite you to
become alumni of MADE EASY to explore and achieve ultimate goal of your life.
I promise to provide you quality guidance with competitive environment which
is far advanced and ahead than the reach of other institutions. You will get the
guidance, support and inspiration that you need to reach the peak of your career.
I have true desire to serve Society and Nation by way of making easy path of
the education for the people of India.
After a long experience of teaching in Electronics Engineering over the period of
time MADE EASY team realised that there is a need of good Handbook which
can provide the crux of Electronics Engineering in a concise form to the student
to brush up the formulae and important concepts required for ESE, GATE, PSUs
and other competitive examinations. This handbook contains all the formulae
and important theoretical aspects of Electronics Engineering. It provides much
needed revision aid and study guidance before examinations.
B. Singh (Ex. IES)
CMD, MADE EASY Group
CONTENTS
A Handbook on Electronics Engineering
Chapter 1 :
Electronic Devices and Circuits.... 1-27
I
Energy Band and Charge Carriers
in Semiconductors.............................................. 1
II
Excess Carriers in Semiconductor.................. 9
III Junction Diode...................................................12
IV Semiconductor Devices...................................18
V Bipolar Junction Transistor.............................22
VI Field Effect Transistor........................................24
VI Discrete Time Fourier Transform................ 102
VII Z -Transform...................................................... 103
VIII Discrete Fourier Transform.......................... 107
IX Digital Filters..................................................... 108
X Miscellaneous................................................... 110
Chapter 4 :
Communication Systems........ 114-153
I
Introduction....................................................114
II
Amplitude Modulation...............................115
Chapter 2 :
III Angle Modulation.........................................119
Analog Circuits.......................... 28-79
IV Effect of Noise on Analog
Communication Systems...........................122
I
Power Supply.................................................... 28
II
BJT Characteristics.......................................... 35
III Transistor Biasing Circuits............................ 40
IV BJT as an Amplifier.......................................... 45
V Analysis of Small Signal Amplifier............. 47
VI Amplifier Circuit Using FET and MOSFET....52
VII Analysis of Large Signal Amplifier............. 55
V Random Variable...........................................126
VI Pulse Modulation Techniques..................133
VII Digital Modulation Schemes....................137
VIII Information Theory......................................140
IX Error Control Codes......................................143
X Miscellaneous.................................................152
VIII Feedback Amplifiers....................................... 60
Chapter 5 :
IX Operational Amplifier.................................... 64
Network Theory....................... 154-190
X The Signal Generators and
Wave Shaping Circuit..................................... 71
I
Circuit Elements & Signal Waveform......154
II
Network Laws and Theorems...................161
Chapter 3 :
III Graph Theory .................................................167
Signals and Systems...................80-113
I
Introduction to Signals....................................80
IV Laplace Transform Analysis
and Circuit Transients..................................171
II
Linear Time Invariant Systems.......................86
V Resonance.......................................................173
III Fourier Series.......................................................90
VI Magnetically Coupled Circuit...................176
IV Fourier Transform...............................................94
VII Two Port Network.........................................179
V Laplace Transform..............................................99
VIII Network Synthesis........................................182
IX Miscellaneous.................................................186
Chapter 6 :
Chapter 9 :
Control Systems....................... 191-224
I
Introduction....................................................191
Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers...................... 321-364
II
Mathematical Modelling............................192
I
Introduction....................................................321
III Transfer function...........................................195
II
Architecture of 8085....................................322
IV Time Response Analysis
of Control System..........................................200
III Instruction Set and Data Formats...........329
V Stability in Time-Domain............................207
V Interfacing with Microprocessor.............347
VI Industrial Controller.....................................211
VI Introduction to 8086....................................352
VII Compensator..................................................213
VII Microcontroller.............................................356
VIII Frequency Response Analysis..................215
IX State Space Analysis....................................223
Chapter 7 :
IV Interrupts.........................................................346
Chapter 10 :
Materials Science..................... 365-392
I
Structure of Materials..................................365
Electromagnetics..................... 225-268
II
Dielectric Properties of Materials............368
I
Cartesian Coordinate System...................225
III Magnetic Properties of Materials............376
II
Vector Calculus..............................................228
IV Conductive Materials...................................381
III Electrostatics...................................................231
V Semiconductors............................................385
IV Magnetostatics..............................................239
VI Ceramic Materials..........................................387
V Maxwell’s Equations.....................................244
VII Nanotechnology..........................................388
VI Electromagnetic Wave Propagation.......247
VII Transmission Lines........................................255
VIII Waveguides.....................................................260
IX Antenna............................................................263
Chapter 11 :
Electronic Measurements
and Instrumentation............... 393-443
I
Characteristics of Instruments
and Measurement Systems.......................393
II
Circuit Components
(Resistors, Inductors, Capacitors)............399
Chapter 8 :
Digital Circuits......................... 269-320
I
Number System and Codes.......................269
II
Logic Gates......................................................274
III Boolean Algebra and
Reduction Techniques.................................281
IV Digital Logic Circuits....................................285
V Sequential Circuits........................................292
VI Registers...........................................................297
VII Counters...........................................................298
VIII Digital ICs Family..........................................302
IX DACs and ADCs..............................................309
X Miscellaneous.................................................316
III Galvanometers...............................................401
IV Analog Meters................................................403
V Measurement of Power & Wattmeters......411
VI Measurement of Resistance......................416
VII A.C. Bridges.....................................................423
VIII Magnetic Measurements............................431
IX Digital Instrumentation..............................432
X Cathode Ray Oscilloscope.........................434
XI High Frequency Measurements..............438
XII Transducers.....................................................439
XIII Data Acquisition Systems...........................443
Chapter 12 :
Advanced Communication........ 444-481
Chapter 15 :
I
Communication Networks.........................444
Basic Electrical Engineering... 550-596
II
Cellular Networks..........................................463
I
Transformers...................................................550
III Optical Communication.............................466
II
Electromagnetic System.............................561
IV Propagation of Waves..................................472
III Basic Concepts in Rotating
Electrical Machines.......................................563
V Satellite Communication............................476
IV D.C. Machines.................................................565
Chapter 13 :
V Polyphase Induction Motors.....................573
Advanced Electronics.............. 482-499
VI Polyphase Synchronous Machines.........584
I
VLSI Fabrication.............................................482
II
VLSI Design......................................................485
III Pipelining.........................................................492
IV VLSI Testing.....................................................495
Chapter 16 :
Microwave................................ 597-642
I
Introduction....................................................597
II
Waveguides.....................................................598
Chapter 14 :
III Microwave Hybrid Circuits.........................611
Computer Organization
and Architecture...................... 500-549
IV Microwave Transistor and
Tunnel Diode..................................................617
I
Machine Instructions and
Addressing Modes........................................500
V Microwave Field Effect Transistors..........621
II ALU and Data-path, CPU Control Design...503
VII Avalanche Transit Time Devices...............626
III Memory and I/O Interfaces........................509
VIII Microwave Linear Beam Tubes
(O-type).............................................................631
IV Instruction Pipelining..................................511
VI Transferred Electron Devices (TEDs)......624
V Cache, Main Memory
and Secondary Storage...............................517
IX Microwave Crossed Field Tubes
VI Programming in C.........................................527
X Microwave Measurements.........................640
VII Operating Systems.......................................533
(M-type)............................................................639
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