STUDY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANTS
A Report Submitted for the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Secondary Level Education of National Examinations Board
By
Bibek Pariyar
Grade XI, Section A, Roll No. 14
SOS Hermann Gmeiner School Gandaki
Kaski, Nepal
November, 2023
APPROVAL
Mr. Bibek Pariyar has carried out the study entitled “Study of Different Types of
Local Plants”. I approved the report for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the Secondary Level Education.
…………………………..
Department Head of Biology
SOS Hermann Gmeiner School Gandaki
Kaski, Nepal
……………………………
Rakesh Joshi
Supervisor
SOS Hermann Gmeiner School Gandaki
Kaski, Nepal
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ABSTRACT
The survey work entitled “Study of Different Types of Local Plants” was conducted
on 12th November 2023 at Bindabasini Flower Garden, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal. The
main objective of the study was to find out the list of local plants in the botanical
garden during the survey time. This report studies ten different plants found in the
garden namely Garden Croton, Red flag bush, Marigold, Ashoka tree, Date Palm,
Ponytail plant, Royal Palm, Sago Palm, Rose and Chinese weeping cypress.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am indebted to all the past and present botanist of Nepal and the world; without
whose extensive work and literature this study would have never been possible.
I wish to express my deepest sense of gratitude and profundal regards to my
supervisor, Mr. Rakesh Joshi, Supervisor, SOS Hermann Gmeiner School Gandaki,
Kaski for learned guidance, abiding interest and for all the pain he took to get my
study work completed and document prepared in time.
I express my gratitude and indebtness to Mr. (head), Head of Biology Department,
SOS Hermann Gmeiner School Gandaki for his continuous help and encouragement
throughout the study period.
I would like to remember all my friends and family members who have supported,
helped and encouraged me.
Bibek Pariyar
SOS Hermann Gmeiner School Gandaki
Kaski, Nepal
November, 2023
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................. iv
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................... v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................... vi
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1
1.1 General Background......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Study Area ........................................................................................................................ 1
CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 3: RESULTS.................................................................................................................. 2
1.
Garden Croton ............................................................................................................... 2
2.
Red flag bush.................................................................................................................. 3
3.
Marigold ......................................................................................................................... 4
4.
Ashoka tree .................................................................................................................... 5
5.
Date Palm ....................................................................................................................... 6
6.
Ponytail plant ................................................................................................................. 8
7.
Royal Palm...................................................................................................................... 9
8.
Sago Palm ....................................................................................................................... 9
9.
Rose.............................................................................................................................. 10
10.
Chinese weeping cypress ......................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 5: RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 6: REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 13
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Garden Croton ............................................................................................................. 2
Figure 2 Red flag bush ................................................................................................................ 3
Figure 3 Marigold ....................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 4 Ashoka tree .................................................................................................................. 5
Figure 5 Date palm ..................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 6 Ponytail plant ............................................................................................................... 8
Figure 7 Royal palm.................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 8 Sago palm ................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 9 Rose............................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 10 Chinese weeping cypress ......................................................................................... 12
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
Nep.
Nepali
Masl
Metre above sea level
Mbsl
Metre below sea level
mm
millimeter
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Background
This project report presents a comprehensive exploration of the diverse and
vibrant plant life documented during a visit to the renowned "Bindabasini Flower
Garden." Through a lens capturing the beauty of nature, the focus has been on the
visual and botanical documentation of plant species. The images and insights
gathered from this botanical sanctuary aim to shed light on the ornamental and
ecological significance of the plant species within the garden's unique
environment. As we delve into the characteristics, cultivation, and climatic
preferences of these plants, the report offers a distinct understanding of the rich
tapestry of flora thriving within this captivating botanical haven.
1.2 Objectives
 To learn the botanical and local name of the plants.

To study the uses of the plants.

To study the altitude and places where the plants are found.

To study the climatic condition where the plants are found.

To study how the plants are grown.
1.3 Study Area
The study was conducted at Bindabasini Flower Garden which is located near
Bindabasini Temple, Pokhara of Kaski district. Geographically, it is located at
28°14’13’’ N latitude, 83°59’05’’ E longitude and about 928 masl.
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CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS
The field study was conducted on 12th November 2023 at the Bindabasini Flower
Garden, Nepal. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary
data on the plants were collected through observation, consultations with local
visitors. The data generated during consultations and interviews were reviewed
through secondary literatures. Secondary literatures were collected through
various published and unpublished articles, journals, internet, media.
CHAPTER 3: RESULTS
During the field visit, the 10 plants found are given below:
1. Garden Croton
Botanical name: Codiaeum variegatum
Local name
: Garden Croton
Uses:

Ornamental purposes due to its attractive and colorful foliage.

Hedges or screening plants to create privacy and define boundaries
in some areas.
Altitude:
Up to about 1,000 masl.
Places where they’re found:
Native to Southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean
Figure 1 Garden Croton
islands.
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Climatic conditions of the places where they’re found:

Temperature: (15-27) °C

High humidity

Bright and indirect sunlight

Significant amount of rainfall
How they are grown:

When grown indoors, place crotons near a window with filtered
sunlight. Outdoors, they can be planted in areas with partial shade.

Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. The soil
should be well-draining and fertile.

In colder climates, they are grown in containers that can be brought
indoors.

Keep an eye out for pests like spider mites, mealybugs, and scale
insects.
2. Red flag bush
Botanical name: Mussaenda erythrophylla
Local name: Red flag bush, Ashanti blood, Tropical dogwood
Uses:

For ornamental purposes.

Source of food for some caterpillars and butterflys.
Altitude:
Up to 1500 masl.
Places where they're found:
Figure 2 Red flag bush
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Native to Southeast Asia such as countries like Indonesia, Malaysia and
the Phillipines.
Climatic conditions of the places where they're found:

Warmly temperate or subtropical areas or semideciduous in cooler
areas.

Temperature above 10°C.

High humidity.
How they are grown:

Provide a location with partial to full sunlight, ensuring protection
from intense afternoon sun.

Keep the soil consistently moist, avoiding waterlogging.

Monitor for pests like aphids, scale insects, and maintain good air
circulation to prevent fungal diseases.
3. Marigold
Botanical name: Tagetes erecta
Local name: Marigold (Nep. Sayapatri)
Uses:

Decorative purposes in gardens and landscapes.

Extracts used for their potential antiinflammatory and antispasmodic properties in
some traditional medicinal practices.
Figure 3 Marigold
Altitude:
Generally, up to around 1,000 meters above sea level.
Places where they're found:
Native to Mexico and Central America.
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Climatic conditions of the places where they're found:

Temperature: 21°C to 32°C

Plenty of direct sunlight

Well-drained soil

Moderate rainfall and moderate humidity. No tolerance to waterlogged conditions.
How they are grown:

Choose a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight
per day.

Use well-draining, fertile soil.

Plant seeds about 1/4 inch deep.

Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged, especially
during dry periods.

Balanced, all-purpose fertilizer once or twice during the growing
season can be applied.
4. Ashoka tree
Botanical name: Saraca asoca
Local name: Ashoka tree
Uses:

Bark used for its astringent, anti-inflammatory,
and analgesic properties.
Figure 4 Ashoka tree
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
Benefits for women's health, including its use in
managing menstrual disorders and improving
reproductive health.
Altitude:
Up to 1000 masl.
Places where they're found:
Native to Indian subcontinent including countries like India, Nepal and Sri
Lanka.
Climatic conditions of the places where they're found:

Tropical and subtropical climates where temperatures are
consistently high

High humidity and ample amount of sunlight
How they are grown:

Plant Ashoka trees in a location that receives full to partial sunlight
during the rainy season.

Dig a hole larger than the root ball, place the tree in the center, and
fill the hole with soil.
5. Date Palm
Botanical name: Phoenix dactylifera
Local name: Date palm (Nep. Khajurko rukh)
Uses:

Fruit production

Treating ailments, digestive issues and
respiratory problems.
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Figure 5 Date palm

Leaves for roofs
Altitude:
Up to 1000 masl.
Places where they're found:
Native to the arid regions of the Middle East, specifically in the area
extending from North Africa through the Arabian Peninsula to the Middle
East.
Climatic conditions of the places where they're found:

Temperature: 35°C to 40°C during the day and above 10°C at
night.

Very few rainfall

Low to moderate humidity
How they are grown:

Choose a location with a hot and arid to semi-arid climate.

Choose heavy clay(sandy) soils with organic matter to improve
drainage.

Dig a hole larger than the root ball of the date palm. Place the tree
in the center of the hole, ensuring the roots are spread out.

Fertilize date palms with a balanced fertilizer during the growing
season (spring and summer).
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6. Ponytail plant
Botanical name: Beaucarnea recurvata
Local name: Ponytail plant or Elephant’s foot
Uses:

Aesthetic beauty.

Extracts from various parts used for diuretic
properties.

Gel from leaves for skin care.
Figure 6 Ponytail plant
Altitude:
0 to 1700 masl.
Places where they're found:
Native to Eastern Mexico.
Climatic conditions of the places where they're found:

Average temperature: 20 °C

Anuual rainfall: 800 mm
How they are grown:
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
Choose a well-draining planting location with sandy soil

Plant in a spot that receives bright, indirect sunlight.

Ensure that the area is free from frost.
7. Royal Palm
Botanical name: Roystonea regia
Local name: Cuban royal palm or Florida royal palm
Uses:

For ornamental purposes.

For treating diabetes

Seed for oil source and for livestock.
Figure 7 Royal palm

Leaves for thatching and wood for construction.

Roots for diuretic( for more urine production)
Altitude:
Up to 500 masl.
Places where they're found:
Native to Cuba, Florida islands (USA) and other Carribean islands.
Climatic conditions of the places where they're found:

Tropical and sub-tropical climates

Relatively high temperature

Consistent ample rainfall and high humidity
How they are grown:



Choose a location with a tropical or subtropical climate.
Use well-draining soil.
Plant the palm in a location with full sunlight.
8. Sago Palm
Botanical name: Cycas revoluta
Local name: Sago Palm, King Sago, Sago Cycad, Japanese Sago Palm
Uses:
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
Pith contains starch for making sago(staple food).

Ornamental use
Altitude:
About 500 mbsl.
Places where they're found:
Figure 8 Sago palm
Native to certain regions of Southern Japan.
Climatic conditions of the places where they're found:

Tropical and subtropical climates (not tolerant in freezing
temperature)

Partial to full sunlight and ample rainfall
How they are grown:

Choose a location with a subtropical or tropical climate.

Use well-draining soil.

Plant in a location that receives bright, indirect sunlight to full
sunlight.

Fertilize sparingly, as sago palms are not heavy feeders.

Sago palms are slow-growing, and it takes time for them to reach
their full size
9. Rose
Botanical name: Rosa damascene (commonly found in Nepal.)
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Local name: Rose (Nep. Gulaf)
Uses:

Production of perfumes.

Used in cosmetics and skin-care products.

Used in various food products.

Used in Aromatherapy.
Figure 9 Rose
Altitude:
From 500 to 2000 masl.
Places where they're found:
Native to Middle East, specifically regions around Syria and modern-day
Iran, Turkey, and Bulgaria.
Climatic conditions of the places where they're found:

Mediterranean climate

Thrives in temperate climate

Requires optimal sunlight
How they are grown:

Choose a sunny location with well-drained soil.

Plant Damask roses in late fall or early spring, ensuring proper
spacing.

Provide regular watering, especially during dry periods.
10. Chinese weeping cypress
Botanical name: Cupressus funebris
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Local name: Chinese weeping cypress
Uses:

Leaves and twigs are used to treat cough and
respiratory issues.

Aromatherapy

Woods are used to make coffins.
Figure 10 Chinese weeping
cypress
Altitude:
From 300 to 2200 masl.
Places where they're found:
Native to provinces in Central and Western China.
Climatic conditions of the places where they're found:

Temperate climate with moderate temperature range.

Moderately moist conditions
How they are grown:

Choose a well-drained location with full to partial sunlight
avoiding water-logged conditions.

Plant in fall or early spring in a hole slightly wider than the root
ball.

Provide support for young trees if needed.
CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
The project titled "Study of Different Types of Plants" aimed to explore and analyze
the diverse flora within the renowned Bindabasini Flower Garden. Through
meticulous observation and data collection, ten distinct plant species were identified
and studied, considering factors such as botanical characteristics, growth patterns,
ecological preferences and medicinal use. The findings revealed a rich biodiversity,
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with each plant exhibiting unique traits that contribute to the overall beauty and
ecological balance of the garden. Additionally, the study shed light on the importance
of maintaining such botanical diversity for the well-being of local ecosystems and
emphasized the need for conservation efforts. Furthermore, the project provided
valuable insights into potential horticultural practices that could enhance the
cultivation and preservation of these plants. In conclusion, the exploration of the
Bindabasini Flower Garden's plant life not only contributed to our understanding of
local biodiversity but also underscored the significance of sustainable conservation
measures for the preservation of these natural treasures.
CHAPTER 5: RECOMMENDATIONS
Bindabasini Flower Garden is a beautiful place and a good botanical garden to learn
about plants. This garden is mostly made to attract tourists and also provide free space
to people to stay in peace so there are plants that are mostly plants related to aesthetic
beauty. The garden community should plant different types of plants so that people
learn about different plants. Also, the plants should have description board should be
given near the plant so that understanding plants become easy.
CHAPTER 6: REFERENCES
For the project report, following sources were very helpful:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codiaeum_variegatum

www.googlelens.com

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/date/date-palm-treecare.htm
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