Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Differentiate Central Nervous System
from Peripheral Nervous system.
2. Identify and describe the different parts
of the brain
3. Describe how the nervous system
coordinates and regulates these feedback
mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
You might not realize it,
but your brain is a codecracking machine.
Let us have an
example!!
“The
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- Joker 2019
Ano
sasamkawutaid
ang isang
inasg
“Ano
makatuwid ang
Uniidbrsaed?
Inasg
ioustynitsn
Unibersidad?
Isang
institusyon
para praa
hindi
hidni mttuao?
Nigopattin-topin
matuto?
Nagtitipon-tipon
ba ang ilangba
tao
sa ngalan
kaalaman
at pagtuturo
para
ang
inlagng
tao
sa nagaln
ng klamaaan
ang iba?”
athadlangang
prutguatomatuto
praa hadlnngaag
― Josémuatto
Rizal, Elang
Filibusterismo
iba?
How does our
Nervous System
look like?
STIMULUS
HOMEOSTASIS
RESPONSE
IMPULSE
(Plural: Stimuli)
Homeostasis
to the
ability
ofenvironment
an organism
or
AA
response
stimulus
A nerve refers
is
impulse
isaachange
change
is the
in
inan
way
the
organism
nerve
cells
of part
environment
tocommunicate
maintain
state
of internal
balance
(either
of
(neurons)
it,external
produced
or by
internal)
a astimulus.(REACTION)
with
that
one
is detected
another.
by
and physical wellbeing
in
spite
of
changes
a receptor.
We can say that the Nervous system is like a
CONDUCTOR of an Orchestra..
WHY?
The Nervous system
controls and
coordinates all body
functions.
Can you name
other function of
the nervous
system?
It monitors internal
and external stimuli.
It maintains
homeostasis.
Consciousness
Memory
Thinking
The cells of NS
are classified
into two
A nerve impulse is a
wave of electrical
activity/signals that
passes from one end
of a neuron to the
other.
It is specialized for transmitting, processing and
conducting
impulses
or information.
Do you still remember the
parts of a cell?
Neurons also have that…
Dendrite
1
Node of6Ranvier
Cell2
Body
Axon terminals
7
Schwann
5 cell
Nucleus
3
Axon
4
It contains a
single nucleus
(contains DNA)
It integrates incoming
signals and generates
outgoing signals
These are branching
processes that receive
stimuli from other
neurons and conduct
these stimuli toward the
neuron cell body.
It is called
Afferent
Process
The axon conducts
away
impulses
from the nerve cell
body
It is called an
Efferent process
The spaces or gaps
between myelin
sheaths are called
NODES OF RANVIER
It is lipid (Fatty)-rich membrane
that covers axons
electrical
insulator
It acts as
Branch-like structure
that connects to
dendrites of nearby
neurons
Can you tell me the
classifications of
neurons according
to function?
They are also
called Afferent
Neurons
They have very
long axons
They carry sensory
impulses to the spinal
cord or to the brain.
Input from sensory organ (skin) to the
brain and spinal cord
Only found in the
brain, spinal cord
and eye
They have short
axon.
It connects sensory and motor neurons
They carry and integrates messages between
other interneurons in the spinal cord and brain.
They are also
called Efferent
Neurons
They have very
long axons
They carry motor impulses from the brain or spinal
cord to the target muscles
Output from the brain and spinal cord to
the muscles telling you to grab the glass
Dendrites collect electrical
signals
Cell body integrates incoming signals and
generates outgoing signal to the axon
Axon passes electrical signals to dendrites
of another cell or to an effector cell
The gap between
two neurons
(dendrite and axons)
Neurotransmitters are often referred to
as the body’s chemical messengers.
Neurons communicate by means of an
ELECTROCHEMICAL SIGNALS
You can compare the
communication of
Neurons just like a
Canon
Forms 40% of
your Brain
Also known as the
GLIAL CELL
Supportive cell of the
nervous system
Astrocyte
Oligodendrocyte
Microglial
cells
Ependymal
cells
Schwann
cells
NERVOUS SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM (CNS)
BRAIN
SPINAL CORD
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM (PNS)
NERVES
The Central Nervous System consists of the ……
SPINAL CORD
BRAIN
Muscle
tone
Intelligence
What does
CNS
control?
Balance
Sensory
Coordination
I LOVE YOU
I LOVE YOUR
HEART
I LOVE YOUR
BRAIN
I LOVE YOUR
ENCEPHALON
It is the control center
of the human body
It is encased by the
bone of the head called
skull.
•In terms of weight, the average
adult human brain weighs in at
1300 to 1400 grams or around 3
pounds.
The human brain is roughly the
size of two clenched fist
Consists of three parts….
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
It houses the nerve center that controls
Sensory and motor
Intelligence
Personality
Memory
Language
The outer layer of the
cerebrum is called
Cerebral Cortex
GRAY MATTER
WHITE MATTER
Einstein’s
Brain
Can you tell me the
function of each lobe?
THALAMUS
HYPOTHALAMUS
It is the primary relay
center of the brain.
It controls appetite, thirst,
salt and water balance.
Sleeping and waking cycles
It is responsible for the
eye reflexes.
Pons
Medulla
Oblongata
Cerebellum
Pons
It regulates
respiration and
mediates
chewing,
tasting, saliva
secretion,
hearing and
balance.
Medulla
Oblongata
It influences
heartbeat,
breathing and
blood vessel
It is the center
for reflex such
as vomiting,
coughing and
hiccupping
Cerebellum
It is responsible
for the
coordination of
voluntary
movements.
It is a cylindrical structure
enclosed by the vertebral
column. It connects the
brain to the nerves all over
your body and controls
involuntary movements
called
spinal reflex.
Knee-jerk reaction
No conscious effort is
required for the knee jerk
reaction
NERVOUS SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM (CNS)
BRAIN
SPINAL CORD
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM (PNS)
NERVES
It consists of “Nerves
A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like
bundle of nerve fibers called axons,
in the peripheral nervous system. A
nerve provides a common pathway
for the electrochemical nerve
impulses
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM
SYMPATHETIC
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
SOMATIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM
PARASYMPATHETIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM
The Somatic Nervous System is
voluntary
movements
responsible for
The Autonomic Nervous System is
involuntary
movements
responsible for
Somatic or Autonomic?
Climbing
of stairs
Tongue
Curling
Colon
contracts
Get
goosebumps
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic Nervous
Nervous
System is responsible for
rest and
fight
anddigest
flight
response
But what happens
when there is a
malfunction in the
nervous system?
-
Signs and Symptoms
Visual Disturbances
Weakness
Loss of muscular control
Urinary incontinence
Condition
It is autoimmune disease that involves
demyelination of nerve fibers
-
Signs and Symptoms
Memory loss
Difficulty in completing
familiar task
Confusion with time or place
Misplacing things
Condition
A progressive neurological disorder that results
in dementia (impaired memory, thinking, and
reasoning).
Signs and Symptoms
- Tremor. A tremor, or shaking, usually
begins in a limb, often your hand or
fingers.
- Slowed movement (bradykinesia).
- Rigid muscles.
- Impaired posture and balance.
Condition
Another progressive disease in which the cells in
the brain that are responsible for controlling
movements begin to die.
Signs and Symptoms
- Temporary confusion
- A staring spell
- Uncontrollable jerking movements of
the arms and legs
- Loss of consciousness or awareness
- Psychic symptoms such as fear, anxiety
or deja vu
Condition
is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which brain
activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual
behavior, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness. Anyone can
develop epilepsy.
Bell’s palsy is a condition in which the muscles on
one side of your face become weak or paralyzed.
Signs and Symptoms
• drooling.
• difficulty eating and drinking.
• an inability to make facial expressions, such as
smiling or frowning.
• facial weakness.
• muscle twitches in the face.
Z
PASSWORD CAN BE FOUND
IN THE QUIZ ALSO