By:
Nadia Kamarudin
Lecturer
Occupational Therapy Program
College of Allied health Sciences
Johor Bahru
Develop by Dr Robert H. Bruininks (1972).
Assessed fine motor & gross motor skill for children age
4½ – 14 ½ years old.
Complete battery, 8 subtest (46 items):
Short form, 8 subtest (14 items).
Duration to administer:
• Complete battery: 45-60 min
• Short form: 15-20 min
 Complete








battery:
Subtest 1: Running Speed and Agility
Subtest 2: Balance
Subtest 3: Bilateral Coordination
Subtest 4: Strength
Subtest 5: Upper-Limb Coordination
Subtest 6: Respond Speed
Subtest 7: Visual Motor Control
Subtest 8: Upper-Limb Speed and Dexterity
scissors
Tape
measure
Response speed stick
Masking
tape
pegboard
Tennis ball
2 boxes
Ball with string
2 black pencils & 2
red pencils
50 shape cards
24 pennies
24 Wooden
beads
block
Shoelace
30 Wooden pegs
Item 1: Running Speed and Agility SF
 Subject
run to the end line , pick up the
block and run back across the start/finish
line.
 Time
taken between the first and last
crossing of the timing.
 Start
the trial over if subject:
Stumble or fall.
 Fail to pick up the block.
 Drop the block before crossing the timing line.

Item 1: Running Speed and Agility
SF
Item 1: Standing on Preferred Leg on Floor

10 seconds maximum per trial.

Subject stand on preferred leg on the walking line, looking
at the target with hands on hips and other leg is bent
parallel to the floor.

Stop the trial and record the time before if the subject:
 Drop the raised leg and touch the floor.
 Drop the raised leg below 45 degree angle after 1
warning.
 Hook the raised leg behind the supporting leg.
 Shifts the supporting foot out of place.
Item 1: Standing on Preferred Leg on Floor
Item 2: Standing on Preferred Leg on Balance BeamSF

10 sec maximum per trial.

Subject stand on preferred leg on the balance beam,
looking at the target with hands on hips and other leg is
bent parallel to the floor.

Stop the trial and record the time if subject:
 Drop the raised leg and touch the floor.
 Drop the raised leg below 45 degree angle after 1
warning.
 Hook the raised leg behind the supporting leg.
 Shifts the supporting foot out of place.
Item 2: Standing on Preferred Leg on Balance
BeamSF
Item 3: Standing on Preferred Leg on Balance Beam—Eyes
Closed

10 sec maximum per trial.

Subject stand on preferred leg on the balance beam with
eyes closed, hands on hips and other leg is bent parallel to
the floor.

Stop the trial and record the time if subject:
 Drop the raised leg and touch the floor.
 Drop the raised leg below 45 degree angle after 1
warning.
 Hook the raised leg behind the supporting leg.
 Shifts the supporting foot out of place.
Item 3: Standing on Preferred Leg on Balance Beam—
Eyes Closed
Item 4: Walking forward on Walking Line
6
steps maximum per trial.
 Subject
walks forward on the walking line in
normal walking stride with hand on the hip.
 Item
4: Walking forward on Walking Line
Item 5: Walking Forward on Balance Beam
6
steps maximum per trial.
 Subject
walks forward on balance beam in
normal walking stride with hand on the hip.
 Item
5: Walking Forward on Balance Beam
Item 6: Walking Forward Heel-to-toe on Walking Line

6 steps maximum per trial.

Subject walk forward on the walking line heel-to-toe
with hands on hip.

Incorrect if subject:
 Does not touch the heel of the front to the toe of the
foot.
 Moves the back foot forward to touch the heel of the
front foot.
 Score 1 for correct step and 0 for incorrect step.
 Item
6: Walking Forward Heel-to-toe on
Walking Line
Item 7: Walking Forward Heel-to-toe on Balance BeamSF

6 steps maximum per trial.

Subject walk forward on the balance beam heel-to-toe
with hands on hip.

Incorrect if subject:
 Does not touch the heel of the front to the toe of the
foot.
 Moves the back foot forward to touch the heel of the
front foot.
 Score 1 for correct step and 0 for incorrect step.
 Item
7: Walking Forward Heel-to-toe on
Balance BeamSF
Item 8: Stepping Over Response Speed Stick
on Balance Beam
 Subject
walk on the balance beam stepping
over the response speed stick held at the
middle of the beam.
 Stop



and record fail if subject:
Touch the stick firmly when stepping over
Swing leg around the end of the stick.
Step off the balance beam.
Item 8: Stepping Over Response Speed Stick
on Balance Beam
Item 1: Tapping feet Alternatively While Making Circles with
Fingers SF

90 seconds maximum for 10 foot taps correctly.

Subject tap feet alternately while making circle with index
finger.

Fail if the subject:
 Does not maintain a consistent tapping rhythm.
 Fail to alternate feet.
 Fail to make circles simultaneously with both fingers.
 fail to make complete circle.
 Use wrist & forearm to make circle.
Item 1: Tapping feet Alternatively While Making Circles
with Fingers SF
Item 2: Tapping—Foot and Finger on Same Side
Synchronized
 90
seconds maximum for 10 foot/finger taps
correctly.
 Subject
simultaneously tap the foot and
index finger on one side of the body.
 Fail

if the subject:
Does not tap correctly in consistent rhythm
 Item
2: Tapping—Foot and Finger on Same Side
Synchronized
Item 3: Tapping—Foot and Finger on Opposite Side
Synchronized

90 seconds maximum for 10 foot/finger tap correctly.

Subject simultaneously tap the foot left index finger and
right foot and simultaneously tap the opposite foot and
index finger.

Fail if the subject:
 Does not tap correctly in consistent rhythm
 Item
3: Tapping—Foot and Finger on Opposite Side
Synchronized
Item 4: Jumping in Place—Leg and Arm on Same side
Synchronized

90 seconds maximum for 10 jump correctly.

Subject jump in place start with preferred hand and foot
forward and the other hand and foot extended back.

Fail if the subject:
 Fail to move arm and leg on the same side.
 Fail to make forward and back ward movements in un
interrupted pattern.
 Take extra steps either forward or backward position.
 Item
4: Jumping in Place—Leg and Arm on
Same side Synchronized
Item 5: Jumping in Place—Leg and Arm on Opposite
Side Synchronized

90 seconds maximum for 10 correct jumps.

Subject jump in place start with nonpreferred hand and leg
forward and the other hand and leg extended back.

Fail if the subject:
 Fail to move arm and leg on the opposite side.
 Fail to make forward and back ward movements in un
interrupted pattern.
 Take extra steps either forward or backward position.
Item 5: Jumping in Place—Leg and Arm on
Opposite Side Synchronized
Item 6: Jumping Up and Clapping Hands SF

5 clap for maximum score.

Subject must jump as high as possible and clap hand in
front of face as many as possible in the air before feet
touching the floor.

Fail if the subject:
 Clap hands when feet on the floor.
 Clap hands below chest level.
 Subject lose balance when landing and touching the
floor with hand.
 Item
6: Jumping Up and Clapping Hands SF
Item 7: Jumping Up and touching heels with Hands
 Subject
jump as high as possible, knee flexed and
touch both heel with hand before landing on the
floor.
 Fail
if the subject:
Fail to touch the heels simultaneously.
 Fail to jump with both feet at same time.
 Lose balance and touch the floor with hand when
landing.

 Item
7: Jumping Up and touching heels with Hands
Item 8: Drawing Lines and Crosses Simultaneously
 15
seconds.
 Preferred
hand draw cross and the other hand
draw line simultaneously.
 Incorrect

if the subject:
Do not draw simultaneously.
 Item
8: Drawing Lines and Crosses Simultaneously
Item 1: Standing Broad Jump SF
 Subject
jump as far as possible starting from
bend-knee position.
 Rules
same as normal broad jump in sport.
 Record
number from tape measure.
 Item
1: Standing Broad Jump SF
Item 2: Sit-ups

Maximum 20 second.

Subject do sit-ups, raising upper portion of the body
from the floor.

Fingertips touch respond speed stick held across
subject’s knee.

Each sit-up must touch the respond speed stick.
 Item
2: Sit-ups
Item 3a: Knee Push-ups

For boys under age 8 and all girls.

Maximum in 20 second.

Subject support body with hands and knee and raising
the back to touch respond speed stick held above
subject’s back.

Subject’s knee bend against the wall, place respond
speed stick above waist.
 Item
3a: Knee Push-ups

Item 3b: Full Push-ups

For boys age 8 and older.

Maximum in 20second.

Subject do full push-up, supporting the body with
hands and toes and raising the back to touch respond
speed stick held above subject’s back.

Subject’s knee bend against the wall, place respond
speed stick above waist.
 Item
3b: Full Push-ups
Item 1: Bouncing a Ball and Catching it with Both Hands.

5 trials.

Subject stand on standing mat, bounce tennis ball and
catch it using both hands.

Incorrect if subject:
 Miss the ball or trap against body.
 Step off the standing mat.
 Catch ball with one hand.
Item 1: Bouncing Ball and Catching it with Both Hands.
Item 2: Bouncing a Ball and Catching it with preferred Hand

5 trials.

Subject stand on standing mat, bounce tennis ball and catch
it using preferred hands.

Incorrect if subject:
 Miss the ball or trap against body.
 Step off the standing mat.
 Catch ball with one hand.
Item 2: Bouncing a Ball and Catching it with
preferred Hand
Item 3: Catching a Tossed Ball with Both HandsSF
 Subject
stand on standing mat and using both
hands catch tennis ball tossed underhand.

Incorrect if subject:
 Miss the ball or trap against body.
 Step off the standing mat.
 Catch ball with one hand
Item 3: Catching a Tossed Ball with Both Hands SF
Item 4: Catching a Tossed Ball with Preferred Hand

5 trials

Subject stand on standing mat and using preferred hands
catch tennis ball tossed underhand.

Incorrect if subject:
 Miss the ball or trap against body.
 Step off the standing mat.
 Catch ball with both hands or use nonpreferred hand.
Item 4: Catching a Tossed Ball with Preferred Hand
Item 5: Throwing a Ball at a Target with Preferred Hand SF

5 trials.

Subject throw tennis ball overhand at the target from 1.5
meter distance.

Receive point for each time ball hit target

A throw incorrect if subject:
Miss the target.
 Throw underhand.
 Steps over the line.

Item 5: Throwing a Ball at a Target with Preferred
Hand SF
Item 6: Touching a Swinging Ball with Preferred Hand
5
trials.
 Subject
use index finger of preferred hand to touch
swinging ball in front of subject’s face.
 Receive
point for each touch hit the ball.
Item 6: Touching a Swinging Ball with Preferred Hand
Item 7: Touching Nose with Index Finger-Eyes
Closed

90 second maximum for 4 touch.

Subject touch his/her nose with one index finger then
opposite index finger.

Incorrect if subject:
 Fail to maintain continuous movement.
 Fail to alternate arms.
 Fail to extend arm fully after touching nose.
 Move head to meet the finger.
Item 7: Touching Nose with Index Finger-Eyes
Closed
Item 8: Touching Thumb to Fingertips-Eyes Closed

90 second maximum.

Subject touch thumb of preferred hand to each
fingertip staring with little finger to index finger
then from index to little finger.

Fail if subject:
 Fail to maintain continuous movement.
 Touch two finger at one time.
Item 8: Touching Thumb to Fingertips-Eyes Closed
Item 9: Pivoting Thumb and Index Finger
 90
second maximum for 5 consecutive
correct pivot upward.
 Subject
touch the tip of right index finger to
the tip of left thumb, then pivot the hands.
 Fail


if the subject:
Fail to maintain continuous movement.
Place thumb or index finger incorrectly.
Item 9: Pivoting Thumb and Index Finger
Item 1: Response Speed SF
 Tape
strip should be lightly blow subject’s
shoulder.
 Subject
place preferred hand on the wall,
next to response speed stick.
 Examiner
hold the stick vertically against the
wall and drop it.
 Subject
use thumb to stop the stick as it
drops.
 Practice
1: Therapist count 1001 and
therapist release the stick. Practice 2:
Therapist count 1001, 1002, 1003 therapist
release the stick, so forth.
 Fail


if the subject:
Fail to look at the stick when it is dropped.
Touch the stick before or just as it release.
Item 1: Response Speed SF
 Item
1: Cutting Out a Circle with Preferred
Hand
 Patient
cut a circle using preferred hand with
scissors.
 Item
1: Cutting Out a Circle with Preferred Hand
 Item
2: Drawing a Line Through a Crooked
path with Preferred Hand
 Patient
draw a line through crooked path
with preferred hand.
 Item
2: Drawing a Line Through a Crooked
path with Preferred Hand
 Item
3: Drawing a Line Through Straight Path
with Preferred Hand
 Subject
use preferred hand draw line inside
straight path.
 Item
3: Drawing a Line Through Straight Path
with Preferred Hand SF
 Item
4: Drawing a Line Through a Curved
Path with Preferred Hand
 Subject
use preferred hand to draw a line
inside curved path.
 Item
4: Drawing a Line Through a Curved
Path with Preferred Hand
 Item
5: Copying Circle with Preferred
Hand SF
 Subject
use preferred hand to copy
geometric circle shape
 Item
5: Copying Circle with Preferred Hand SF
 ITEM
6: Copying a Triangle with Preferred
Hand

Subject use preferred hand to copy geometric
triangle shape
 ITEM
Hand
6: Copying a Triangle with Preferred
 ITEM
7: Copying a Horizontal Diamond with
Preferred Hand
 Subject
use preferred hand to copy
geometric horizontal diamond shape.
 ITEM
7: Copying a Horizontal Diamond with
Preferred Hand
 ITEM
8: Copying Overlapping Pencils with
pediatric with Preferred Hand
 Subject
use preferred hand to copy
geometric overlapping pencil shape.
 ITEM
8: Copying Overlapping Pencils with
pediatric with Preferred Hand
 Item
1: Placing Pennies in a Box with
Preferred Hand
 15
seconds.
 With
preferred hand, subject places pennies
one at a time into an open box.
 Record
box.
the pennies correctly placed into the
 Item
1: Placing Pennies in a Box with
Preferred Hand
 Item
2: Placing Pennies in Two Boxes with
Both Hands
 50
seconds maximum for seven correct pairs.
 Subject
simultaneously pick up penny with
each hand and place it on separate box.
 Item
2: Placing Pennies in Two Boxes with
Both Hands
 Item
3: Shorting Shape Cards with Preferred
Hand SF
 15
seconds
 Subject
sort a mixed deck of red square and
blue circle cards in two pile separate by
color.
 Record
number of card correctly sort in 15
seconds.
 Item
3: Shorting Shape Cards with Preferred
Hand SF
 Item
 15
4: Stringing Beads with Preferred Hand
seconds.
 Subject
string beads onto a shoelace using
preferred hand.
 Record
number of beads in 15 seconds.
 Item
4: Stringing Beads with Preferred Hand
 Item
 15
5: Displacing Pegs with Preferred Hand
seconds.
 With
preferred hand subject displace pegs on
the pegboard moving it to the hole directly
above it.
 Record
the number of pegs.
 Item
5: Displacing Pegs with Preferred Hand
 Item
 15
6: Drawing Vertical Lines with Preferred Hand
seconds.
 Subject
draw vertical line between pair of
horizontal line.
 Record
number of vertical line done in 15 seconds.
 Item
Hand
6: Drawing Vertical Lines with Preferred
 Item
7: Making Dots in Circles with Preferred
Hand SF
 15
seconds.
 Subject
make pencil dots inside each of a
series of circle.

Record the number of dots made in 15
seconds.
 Item
Hand
7: Making Dots in Circles with Preferred
 Item
 15
8: Making Dots with Preferred Hand
seconds.
 Subject
 Record
make pencil dots on a blank page.
number of dots made in 15 seconds.
 Item
8: Making Dots with Preferred Hand
Table 26
 Based
on subject’s CHRONOLOGICAL AGE,
refer to table score to get:
Standard score test (table 23)
 Standard score composite (table 24)
 Percentile rank (table 25)
 Stanine (table 25)

 Age
equivalents can be referred to table 26.
It just provided the age equivalents for the
subtests.
 The
age equivalents for the composite can
be obtained from the median age of each
subtests.
Subtest
standard scores
Percent of
norm group
Description of
performance
Above 23
19-23
4
19
High
Above average
12-18
6-11
54
19
Average
Below average
Below 6
4
low
STANINES
Standard scores range
from a low of 1 to a high
 Indicates the percentage
of 9
of subjects obtaining
standard scores equal to  A stanine of 5 denotes
the aveage performance
or lower than a
within a given reference
particular standard
group.
score.
 Indicate the subject’s
relative standing among
a group of subjects of
the same age.

 Indicate
the chronological age for age which a
certain test score represents the average
performance.