MODULE 1:
INTRODUCTION TO
SCHEDULED WASTES
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CONTENTS
Impact of Toxic and Hazardous
Wastes
Definition and Characteristics of
Scheduled Wastes
Principles in Scheduled Wastes
Management
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IMPACT OF TOXIC
AND HAZARDOUS
WASTES
3
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF TOXIC AND
HAZARDOUS WASTES ARE NOT
PROPERLY MANAGED?
4
POLLUTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT
 River, sea, groundwater
polluted.
 Fish/ aquatic life/ marine life
affected.
 Drinking water source polluted.
 Aesthetic value affected.
5
HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS
 Water-borne and air-borne
diseases, contaminated soil.
 Miscarriage.
 Cancer.
 Internal organs damage.
6
INCREASE IN CLEAN-UP AND
DISPOSAL COSTS
o
Increase in cost for the
clean-up of toxic wastes.
o
Increase in cost for the
disposal of toxic wastes.
7
EXAMPLES OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ADMISSION INTO HUMAN &
ENVIRONMENT
8
INCIDENT OF DISPOSAL OF TOXIC AND
HAZARDOUS WASTE
MINAMATA POISONUOUS
MERCURY INCIDENT–Year 1956
 Organic forms of mercury such as
methyl mercury having caused
hundreds of cases of paralysis
and sensory loss along Minamata
Bay in Japan.
 Methyl mercury from chemical
plant was discharged to the
waterway since 1932 and then
bio-accumulated in shellfish and
taken up in the food chain of
community.
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INCIDENT OF DISPOSAL OF TOXIC AND
HAZARDOUS WASTE
TOXIC WATES
CONTAMINATION- LOVE
CANAL,NEW YORK,USA
1940’s to 1950’s
 Illegal disposal of toxic
wastes (buried).
 School and housing
were built on top of the
disposal site.
 Severe health problems
affected school children
and residents.
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Houses built
over a chemical
dumpsite in Love
Canal, New York,
U.S.A.
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INCIDENT OF DISPOSAL OF TOXIC AND
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Malaysian Cases
o In March 1995, 41 drums of Potassium Cyanide
(KCN) from a Penang chemical firm was found
dumped on Pangkor Island.
o In June 2004, 12,000 tons of toxic wastes from
Taiwan was found at a brick making factory in Johor.
o In January 2006, ammonia leaked from 300 tonnes
of aluminium oxide wastes illegally dumped in Labis,
Johor.
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Illegal Dumping of Aluminium Dross
Kangkar Tebrau, Johor Bahru
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INCIDENT OF DISPOSAL OF TOXIC AND
HAZARDOUS WASTE
MALAYSIA
1
4
DEFINITION OF
WASTE AND
SCHEDULED
WASTE
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TOXIC AND
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
=
SCHEDULED
WASTE
(in Malaysia)
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DEFINITION OF WASTE
“waste” includes any matter
prescribed to be scheduled
waste, or any matter whether
in a solid, semi-solid or liquid
form, or in the form of gas or
vapour which is emitted,
discharged or deposited in
the environment in such
volume, composition or
manner as to cause pollution.
(Environmental Quality Act, 1974)
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DEFINITION OF SCHEDULED WASTE
"scheduled wastes” means any
water prescribed by the Minister
in the regulations as scheduled
wastesal; (Environmental Quality
Act,1974)
"scheduled wastes" means any
waste falling within the
categories of waste listed in the
First Schedule; (Environmental
Quality (Scheduled Wastes)
Regulations 2005
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SCHEDULED
WASTES
CHARACTERISTICS
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SCHEDULED WASTES
CHARACTERISTICS
ignitable
corrosive
toxic
reactive
infectious
smg
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IDENTIFICATION
AND
CLASSIFICATION
OF SCHEDULED
WASTES
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IDENTIFICATION AND
CLASSIFICATION OF SCHEDULED
WASTES
IDENTIFICATION?
• Procedure of
determining
whether a specific
waste from an
industrial source
or process is
scheduled waste.
CLASSIFICATION?
• Procedure used
to specify the
classification of
waste and wastes
code
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IDENTIFICATION AND
CLASSIFICATION OF SCHEDULED
WASTES
The identification of scheduled wastes
can be made through:Source of waste generated.
Types of process/ activities.
Physical and chemical compositions of
the waste.
Content/ element.
MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet
dan CSDS – Chemical Safety Data
Sheet (of the raw materials used)
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Examples of MSDS/CSDS
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THE SOURCE OF THE WASTE
 At
the
source
of
generation of the waste,
it can be identified
whether the production
process or activity
uses materials that
may
contain
any
hazardous element or
compound.
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THE TYPE OF PROCESS/ACTIVITY
In the production process
or activity it can be
identified whether input
materials will undergo
physical, chemical or
biological reaction which
may generate hazardous
material or by-product.
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THE BASIC PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF THE WASTE
o By reviewing the input
materials
and
the
physical, chemical and
biological
production
processes, the likely type
of waste generated and
their properties can be
identified.
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PRINTING INDUSTRY
EXAMPLE
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IDENTIFICATION OF SCHEDULED WASTES
INPUT
MATERIALS
PROCESSES
OUTPUT
MATERIALS
REAGENTS
A
B
C
PHYSICAL,
PHYSICAL,
CHEMICAL
CHEMICAL
OR
OR
BIOLOGICAL
BIOLOGICAL
WASTES
(LIQUID, SOLID,
SLUDGE & GASES
PRODUCTS
BY-PRODUCT
WASTES
(LIQUID, SOLID,
SLUDGE & GASES)
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LIST OF SCHEDULED WASTES
Scheduled wastes are listed in the First Schedule,
Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) 2005,
Environmental Quality Act, 1974.
4 groups/categories of scheduled wastes:SW 1 Metal and metal-bearing wastes
SW 2 Wastes containing principally inorganic constituents
which may contain metals and organic materials
SW 3 Wastes containing principally organic constituents
which may contain metals and inorganic materials
SW 4 Wastes which may contain either inorganic or organic
constituents
SW 5 Other wastes
77 types of scheduled wastes
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LIST OF SCHEDULED WASTES
Scheduled wastes described in the First Schedule are
based on the following:
Names of materials, chemicals or wastes
Metals, elements, compounds or constituents present
in the wastes
Types of processes
Usage and application
Contamination
Activity
Thus, scheduled wastes can be generated from many
activities
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AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP INDUSTRY
Automobile Workshop
Activities
Scheduled wastes generated:
Changing Oil
Air Conditioning Servicing
Fuel Injection Service
Clutch Repair
Transmission Repair
Differential and Transaxle
Services
Computer Diagnostics
Factory Required
Maintenance
Tune-Ups
Shock and Struts
Front End Work
Custom Exhaust - Muffler
Catalytic Converter
•
Used engine oil
•
Oily waste
•
Spent Lubricant
oil
•
Mixture of oil & water
•
Spent Hydraulic
oil
•
e-Wastes
•
Spent Coolant
•
Paint wastes
•
Asbestos wastes
•
Flux wastes
•
Used oil filter
•
Contaminated rag,
cloth, etc.
•
Spent acid
solution
•
Wastes of catalyst
•
Spent solvent
•
Contaminated
containers
Electronic Industry
SW 110
•Waste from electrical and electronic
assemblies containing components
such as accumulators, mercuryswitches, glass from cathode-ray tubes
and other activated glass or
polychlorinated biphenyl- capacitors,
or contaminated with cadmium,
mercury, lead, nickel, chromium,
copper, lithium, silver, manganese or
polychlorinated biphenyl
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Oil and Gas Industry
Sludge from
mineral oil
storage tank
Oily sludge
Oil contaminated
earth from rerefining of used
lubricating oil
Oil tanker
sludges
Tar or tarry
residues from oil
refinery or
petrochemical plant
Oil or sludge from oil
refinery plant
maintenance operation
Hospital/Clinical- Service Industry
SW 404 Pathogenic wastes, clinical wastes or
quarantined materials
SW403 Discarded drugs containing psychotropic substances
or containing substances that are toxic, harmful,
carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic
BASED ON “NAMES OF MATERIALS,
CHEMICALS OR WASTES”
SW101 : Waste
containing arsenic
or its compound
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BASED ON “METALS, ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS
OR CONSTITUENTS PRESENT IN THE WASTES”
SW204: Sludges containing one or
several metals including chromium,
copper, nickel, zinc, lead, cadmium,
aluminium, tin, vanadium and beryllium
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BASED ON “TYPES OF PROCESS”
SW405: Waste arising from the
preparation and production of
pharmaceutical product
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BASED ON “USAGE AND APPLICATION”
SW305:
Spent lubricating oil
SW429: Chemicals that are
discarded or off-specification
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BASED ON “CONTAMINATION”
SW408: Contaminated soil, debris or matter
resulting from cleaning-up of a spill of
chemical, mineral oil or scheduled wastes
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BASED ON “ACTIVITY”
SW409: Disposed containers, bags or
equipment contaminated with
chemicals, pesticides, mineral oil or
scheduled wastes
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BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE
The physical properties of the waste can be
observed through its:








Appearance and nature.
Odour and smell.
Release of any vapour, fume or smoke.
Phase – solid, liquid or gas.
Presence of oil and grease (oily).
Colour – brown, black, gray, green, etc.
Form (texture & shape) – fine, coarse, soft, hard,
gravel, crystal, shiny, sandy, powdery, dusty,
granular.
Wet & dry conditions.
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BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE
PHASE
Solid
FORM
EXAMPLES
Granular
Spent catalyst
Sludge
IETS Sludge/Paint sludge
Cylindrical
Waste of batteries
Fabric/textile
Contaminated rags
Tablet/capsule
Discarded drugs
Gravel/sandy
Contaminated soil
Pieces
E-waste
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BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE
SOLID FORM
GRANULAR
Spent catalyst
SLUDGE
IETS sludge/ paint sludge
PIECES
Electrical and electronic
wastes (e-waste)
44
BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE
SOLID FORM
CYLINDRICAL
Waste of batteries
FABRIC/TEXTILE
Contaminated rags
TABLET/CAPSULE
Discarded drugs
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BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE
continued…
PHASE
Liquid
FORM
EXAMPLES
Viscous
Spent lubricating oil
Clear/
transparent
Cloudy/turbid
Spent solvent/spent acid
Slurry
Waste of ink, waste of
paint
•Spent coolant
•Spent oil/water emulsion
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BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE
LIQUID FORM
VISCOUS
Spent lubricating oil
CLEAR/TRANSPARENT
Spent solvent/spent acid
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BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE
LIQUID FORM
CLOUDY/ TURBID
Spent coolant
Spent oil/water emulsion
SLURRY
Waste of ink, waste of paint
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SCHEDULED WASTES
MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES IN
MALAYSIA
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Waste Management Hierarchy
Prevention/Reduction
Re-use
Disposal
Recovery
Recycling
Recovery
SPECIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Pre Treatment:
Incineration/PCT/Solidification
Landfilling
Way Forward of Wastes Management
Based Wastes Management Hierarchy
Recovery
Prevention/Reduction
Re-use
Recycling
Recovery
Way Forward – Scheduled Wastes
Management
“CRADLE TO GRAVE” PRINCIPLE
Waste generator
Scheduled Waste
Waste
transporter
Scheduled Waste
Off-site recovery of scheduled
wastes premise
Waste
transporter
Disposal facility
Waste
transporter
SWMPage
REQUIREMENT 52
30-
Way Forward – Scheduled Wastes
Management
“CRADLE TO CRADLE” PRINCIPLE
Waste generator
Scheduled Waste
Scheduled Waste
Off-site recovery of scheduled
wastes premise
Waste
transporter
Waste
transporter
Residue
Waste
transporter
Disposal facility
SWMPage
REQUIREMENT 53
WASTE MINIMIZATION
A waste generator shall take measures to reduce/
minimize the generation of scheduled wastes through
the following methods:-
Commitment from
the management
Establish Waste
Reduction Policy
Usage of
environmentally
friendly raw
materials
Improve quality
control and process
monitoring
Apply the concept
of " waste
exchange" with
another plant
Good
housekeeping
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www.doe.gov.my
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