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Colors to Know AP-Chem

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Flame Test Colors
Ba2+………………………
Ca2+………………………
Cu2+………………………
K+…………………………
Li+………………………..
Na+…………………….…
Sr2+……………………….
Aqueous Ion Colors
Co2+………………………
Cr3+……………………….
Cu1+……………………….
Cu2+………………………
Fe…………………………
Fe2+………………………
Fe3+………………………
Mn2+……………………….
Ni2+………………………..
Pb3+………………………..
V2+…………………………
V3+…………………………
CoCl42-…………………….
Cr2O72-……………………
CrO42-…………………….
Cu(NH3)42+………………
FeSCN2+………………….
MnO4- …………………….
Ti(H2O)63+…………….…
Green
Orange-red
Blue-green
Violet
Deep red (crimson)
Yellow
Red
Pink
Violet (Cr(NO3)3 to Green (CrCl3)
Green
Blue
Yellow to red-orange (depending on anion and charge of Fe); in
yellow-green (depending on the anion)
orange-red (depending on the anion)
Pink
Green
blue-green (Pb2+ and Pb4+ are colorless)
rare cases, can form complex ion with a deep blue color
violet
blue-green
Blue (Co2+ with HCl will form a CoCl42- complex that is blue)
Orange
Yellow
Dark Blue; produced when ammonia is added to Cu2+ solutions
Red-brown, Wine-red to dark orange
Purple (Mn w/ +7 oxidation state is purple)
Purple
Al, K, Li, Mg, Na, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn are colorless aqueous ions and most of their solid salts are white.
Transition element ions with partially filled d orbitals tend to release colored light.
Assorted Compounds
Br2…………………………
Cl2………………………….
F2 …………………..……..
I2…………………………
NO…………………………
NO2………………………..
PbI2………………………
S8………………………….
Red-brown liquid
Green-yellow gas
Pale-yellow gas
Dark-violet vapor & dark metallic looking solid
Colorless gas; associated with reactions between metals and dilute HNO3
Brown gas; associated with reactions between metals and conc. HNO3
Bright yellow precipitate
Yellow, odorous solid
Metallic sulfides…………. Sulfides of transition metals tend to be black
Fe2O3……………………. Reddish brown (rust)
Metallic oxides …………... Oxides of colored transition metal ions tend to be colored
Acid-Base Indicators
Phenolphthalein…………. Colorless (pH<7) to Pink (pH>8 ; when OH- is present)
Red Litmus (paper)……… Turns purple in alkaline solution
Blue Litmus (paper)……… Turns pink in acidic solution
Created by S. Halander
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