Flame Test Colors Ba2+……………………… Ca2+……………………… Cu2+……………………… K+………………………… Li+……………………….. Na+…………………….… Sr2+………………………. Aqueous Ion Colors Co2+……………………… Cr3+………………………. Cu1+………………………. Cu2+……………………… Fe………………………… Fe2+……………………… Fe3+……………………… Mn2+………………………. Ni2+……………………….. Pb3+……………………….. V2+………………………… V3+………………………… CoCl42-……………………. Cr2O72-…………………… CrO42-……………………. Cu(NH3)42+……………… FeSCN2+…………………. MnO4- ……………………. Ti(H2O)63+…………….… Green Orange-red Blue-green Violet Deep red (crimson) Yellow Red Pink Violet (Cr(NO3)3 to Green (CrCl3) Green Blue Yellow to red-orange (depending on anion and charge of Fe); in yellow-green (depending on the anion) orange-red (depending on the anion) Pink Green blue-green (Pb2+ and Pb4+ are colorless) rare cases, can form complex ion with a deep blue color violet blue-green Blue (Co2+ with HCl will form a CoCl42- complex that is blue) Orange Yellow Dark Blue; produced when ammonia is added to Cu2+ solutions Red-brown, Wine-red to dark orange Purple (Mn w/ +7 oxidation state is purple) Purple Al, K, Li, Mg, Na, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn are colorless aqueous ions and most of their solid salts are white. Transition element ions with partially filled d orbitals tend to release colored light. Assorted Compounds Br2………………………… Cl2…………………………. F2 …………………..…….. I2………………………… NO………………………… NO2……………………….. PbI2……………………… S8…………………………. Red-brown liquid Green-yellow gas Pale-yellow gas Dark-violet vapor & dark metallic looking solid Colorless gas; associated with reactions between metals and dilute HNO3 Brown gas; associated with reactions between metals and conc. HNO3 Bright yellow precipitate Yellow, odorous solid Metallic sulfides…………. Sulfides of transition metals tend to be black Fe2O3……………………. Reddish brown (rust) Metallic oxides …………... Oxides of colored transition metal ions tend to be colored Acid-Base Indicators Phenolphthalein…………. Colorless (pH<7) to Pink (pH>8 ; when OH- is present) Red Litmus (paper)……… Turns purple in alkaline solution Blue Litmus (paper)……… Turns pink in acidic solution Created by S. Halander
