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管理员 2020-11-17 11:35:38
(1109)
The rapid development of China's automobile industry has promoted the development of other related supporting industri
country, especially the rubber industry. In the past few years, automotive rubber products have developed into a unique speci
product industry. Automobile rubber products are an indispensable and important component of automobile accessories. The
100-200 kinds of rubber products installed on each car, and about 200-500 rubber accessories are used. Except for tires, it var
different specifications of cars. The consumption of rubber materials is about 15-60 kg, and automobile rubber products (exclu
account for about 6% of the total cost of automobiles. There are about 1,000 varieties of non-tire rubber products for the auto
industry, with more than 8,000 specifications. According to statistics, the automobile industry occupies more than 70% of the
annual consumption of raw rubber, of which tires occupy 60% and automobile rubber products and accessories occupy 40%.
High speed, safety, comfort, energy saving and environmental protection are the goals pursued by contemporary automob
the development of automobile modernization, the requirements for automobile rubber products have become increasingly s
demanding. Not only are rubber materials with various special properties required to meet the new technical requirements of
automobiles, but also rubber materials are required to have higher physical and mechanical properties, such as It is resistant t
high and low temperature, resistant to new fuels, excellent dynamic fatigue performance, and durable service life. In fact, ever
performance of a modern automobile has to rely on the technological advancement of rubber products to provide guarantee.
performance and quality of automobile rubber products play an extremely critical role in improving the quality of the entire au
is worth pointing out that the role played by rubber products is always an accessory, but this accessory always controls the tec
progress and technical level of the host. Therefore, it can be said that the technology and quality of automobile rubber produc
basically reflect the technical level of the entire automobile.
1. Classification of automobile rubber products and their role in automobiles
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Rubber tires are called the two legs of a car, and the important role of tires in a car is self-evident. Tire is the largest rubber
the rubber industry. Therefore, in the rubber industry, tires are often separated from rubber products into a special variety. In a
rubber tires are a special kind of parts.
Automobile rubber products can be divided into seven categories: tires, sealing products, shock-absorbing products, safety
tape products, hose products and other products such as wipers, fenders, adhesives, sealants and interior products.
1.1 Tires
Automobile tires play the role of carrying the weight of the vehicle, the entire weight of the people and goods on the vehic
play the role of making the vehicle forward, reverse, turn and brake. The safety, comfort, and driving performance of automob
to a large extent on the high performance and high quality of tires.
Rubber tires have a history of 160 years. As early as 1845, the British R. W. Thomso put a rubber tube on a wooden wheel, t
reducing the rolling resistance of the wheel and reducing vibration, but this early rubber tire was very popular at that time. Of
should be attributed to the excellent properties of rubber materials. It was not until 1888 that the British J. B. Dunlop invented
pneumatic tire. In the next 100 years, with the development of the automobile industry, rubber tires have undergone several g
of product development updates and advancements. The tire frame materials have developed from cotton cords, rayon to nyl
tires. To today’s steel radial tires.
Mankind’s invention of pneumatic tires effectively promoted the development of automobiles. Because the pneumatic tire
excellent cushioning and shock absorption performance, it can significantly reduce vibration, which makes the car operation s
comfortable to ride, and can greatly increase the driving speed of the car. With the continuous progress of rubber materials, fo
technology, manufacturing equipment and manufacturing processes, the safety and life durability of automobile tires have be
improved. For example, in 1900, the mileage of each tire was only 800km; by 1978, the mileage of each tire had reached 60,00
21st century, the mileage of each tire was no less than 140,000 km, even 20 Million km. With the rapid construction and use o
expressways, the speed of vehicles has increased dramatically, from tens of km/h to 100 km/h, 140 km/h or even 200 km/h.
1.2 Sealed products
Sealing products are divided into three categories: O-rings, skeleton oil seals and sealing strips. O-rings and skeleton oil sea
installed on the engine, gearbox, car main shaft and hydraulic pneumatic transmission system to prevent lubricating oil, hydra
other liquid leakage or gas leakage, ensure the normal operation of each component system, and prevent external sand partic
and impurities enter the system and affect the normal operation of the machine. O-rings and skeleton oil seals are mainly use
sealing of rotating shafts or reciprocating shafts. According to the structure, the skeleton oil seal can be divided into inner ske
seal, outer skeleton oil seal, semi-exposed skeleton oil seal, sealing lip oil seal, oil seal with auxiliary lip and combined oil seal,
according to the installation position in the car, it can be divided into crankshaft front oil seal and crankshaft rear oil seal. , Ge
seal, cam box oil seal, wheel housing oil seal, axle shaft oil seal, pneumatic guide rod oil seal and shock absorber oil seal, etc. S
strips are mainly used in automobile doors and windows, luggage compartments, engine hoods and other parts to play the ro
sealing, wind blocking, rain blocking, shock absorption and sound insulation. According to the structure, it can be divided into
rubber sealing strip (also can be divided into sponge rubber and dense rubber) and composite sealing strip (rubber/metal fram
composite strip, two or more rubber composite strips and rubber plastic composite strips).
1.3 Shock absorption products
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Rubber shock-absorbing products are mainly installed in the engine, body, air conditioner and vehicle suspension system. It
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used to reduce the vibration and noise when the car is running, and to improve the stability, safety and comfort of car handlin
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continuous improvement of the comprehensive performance of modern automobiles, higher and higher requirements are put
the performance and quality of rubber shock-absorbing products. The main requirement is that shock-absorbing products sho
excellent shock-absorbing damping performance, anti-dynamic fatigue performance and long life durability. Automobile rubb
products mainly include air springs, engine front and rear suspension pads, flexible couplings, and various shapes of rubber b
gaskets, etc. Special shock absorbers with excellent performance are also installed in each tire support on premium cars.
1.4 Safety products
Rubber safety products for automobiles play a role in braking reliability, driving safety and personal safety in automobiles. S
products mainly include brake film (diaphragm), leather cups, brake pads, airbags and bumpers.
The brake film and the leather cup are directly related to the safety of the car. When the car encounters an accident during t
the car will be quickly decelerated or even stopped to ensure the safety of the vehicle and personnel. Airbags are rubber prod
provide safety for vehicle personnel when the vehicle is hit by an accident. The bumper is used to reduce the impact force whe
collides.
1.5 Hose products
Hose products are used in the three major parts of the chassis, engine and body. They are used for the seven systems of oil,
control, braking, cooling and heating, and play the role of oil supply, gas supply, water supply and power transmission. The typ
include fuel hoses, water delivery hoses, brake hoses, vacuum hoses, air conditioning hoses, radiator hoses, power steering ho
special-shaped branch hoses.
1.6 Tape products
Tape products are mainly used to transfer torque power and speed in automobiles, and transfer power from the power sour
to the place where power is needed. Installed in cooling fans, cooling water pumps, brake compressors, booster pumps, air co
systems, and steering systems. Tape products are divided into V-belt (also divided into ordinary V-belt and V-ribbed belt) and
synchronous belt (toothed belt). According to the structure, V-belts are divided into cutting belts and cloth-covered belts. V-b
characterized by high speed and large transmission power. Synchronous toothed belts are used for gas ignition of automobile
and their use conditions are high speed, high transmission power and high temperature.
1.7 Other products
Such rubber products include automobile rubber sheets (in-car rubber sheets and fenders), automobile interiors and adhes
sealants, wiper strips, etc. Floor glue is used to lay the ground in the car, shockproof and anti-skid. The wiper strip is used to w
rain and snow on the windshield in rainy and snowy weather to ensure the driver's sight, normal operation and normal driving
vehicle. Adhesives are used for the bonding of automotive interior materials and the protection of the bottom of the car.
2 The current situation and development trend of my country's automotive rubber products
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Classification of automobile rubber products and its role in automobiles-Shanghai Mansu Precision Industry Technology Co., Ltd.
2.1 Tires
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In recent years, as cars have gradually entered the family, it has stimulated the rapid development of my country's automob
and promoted the development of the automobile supporting industry and the rubber product industry. Obviously, rubber tir
first to bear the brunt.
Due to the high speed of automobiles, rubber tires have transformed from bias tires to radial tires. Radial tires are the deve
direction of my country's tire industry and are the key models supported by the state. Beginning in 2001, domestic tire factori
country have been carrying out infrastructure and technical transformations around radial tires, which have developed rapidly
very successful. In 2004, my country’s tire output reached 210 million, of which 109 million radial tires, with a radialization ra
addition to meeting the domestic market demand, nearly one-third of the tires produced have entered the international mark
my country’s tire output reached 230 million, of which 130 million were radial tires, with a radialization rate of 56%. It is pred
by 2010, my country’s tire output will reach 300 million, of which 210 million radial tires, with a radialization rate of 70%. Rad
account for about 85% of car tires. By 2015, we will strive to achieve 95% of car tires.
In 2004, my country’s tires consumed 2.2 million tons of raw rubber. In 2005, rubber consumption reached 2.43 million ton
increase of 10.5%. Among them, natural rubber accounts for about 56.6%, synthetic rubber accounts for about 43.4%, synthet
mainly styrene butadiene rubber and butadiene rubber (outer tire), as well as butyl rubber, chlorobutyl rubber (inner tube). Du
limited natural rubber resources in my country, the future development direction should appropriately increase the proportion
synthetic rubber used. The main added synthetic rubbers are styrene butadiene rubber and butadiene rubber. However, since
comprehensive properties of these two synthetic rubbers are not comparable to those of natural rubber, excessively increasing
application ratio of these two synthetic rubbers will reduce the quality of tires. In the future, the physical properties of these tw
rubbers should be improved or new varieties should be developed.
2.2 Sealed products
In recent years, through the introduction of foreign advanced technology, equipment and technological transformation in m
country’s automobile rubber products industry, a number of key enterprises with larger production scales and higher profess
have emerged, gradually forming a relatively complete industrial system that can basically satisfy And meet the needs of my c
automobile industry.
At present, there are more than 30 skeleton oil seal plants with a certain scale and level in China, with a total production cap
about 200 million pieces. At present, domestically, it can produce automobile-specific skeleton oil seals with various structures
internal and external skeleton oil seals, pressure oil seals, and fluid dynamic oil seals with oil return lines on the main lip, which
the needs of the domestic automobile market. However, due to the high speed of automobiles and the addition of fuel additiv
operating temperature, medium resistance and accuracy of the oil seal are increasing. For example, the linear speed of the rea
of some car crankshafts can reach 200 m/s, and the lip temperature can reach 250°C. The structure and material of the origina
no longer meet the requirements of use. Fluorosilicone rubber, acrylic rubber and fluorine rubber are commonly used in oil se
automobile engine parts abroad. The NBR/PTFE composite oil seal can make the life of the oil seal reach 4000-4500h, that is, t
mileage can reach 130,000 km-180,000 km.
However, my country's automobile oil seals are still dominated by nitrile rubber. Although a few manufacturers can produce
rubber and acrylic oil seals, the output and quality cannot keep up with the needs of the automobile industry, and their servic
than 100,000 km. Oil seals for key parts of high-end cars, such as crankshaft rear oil seals and automobile guide rod oil seals, s
imported parts, and the localization rate is very low. For the skeleton oil seal, further improving the heat resistance, dynamic fa
resistance and compression set resistance of the rubber compound, improving the level of tooling and automation, and impro
accuracy of mold processing are all future tasks. The main material of the oil seal will be widely used in fluorosilicone rubber, c
rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber and acrylic rubber.
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Classification of automobile rubber products and its role in automobiles-Shanghai Mansu Precision Industry Technology Co., Ltd.
There are more than 60 manufacturers of sealant strips in my country, with 49 production lines for various automotive seals
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annual production capacity of 200 million meters.
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Sealing strip is one of the fastest-growing industries in my country's rubber products in recent years. Regardless of output,
or profit, there has been a substantial increase, and a professional system has basically been formed. The production plants ha
introduced the production technology, equipment and testing instruments of the Italian Saya Seals Company. The technology
product quality are equivalent to the international level in the 1990s. They can design and develop their own products to basic
the needs of the domestic car industry. The rubber varieties are basically EPDM rubber. The future development direction will
the sealing tape, TPV as the glass guide groove, and adopt the new technology of multi-face flocking and extrusion laminating
2.3 Shock absorption products
my country has more than 20 large-scale rubber shock absorption products factories with a production capacity of about 7
pieces, which can basically meet the needs of domestic automobile production and maintenance and replacement.
At present, advanced foreign countries have successfully developed a new generation of rubber shock absorbers such as liq
shock absorbers, electronically controlled shock absorbers, and torsional shock absorbers. Such products are still in the develo
stage in China. my country's automobile shock absorption products still mainly use natural rubber, and the combination of na
and butadiene rubber or butadiene rubber. The development direction of materials should be rubber types with good heat res
excellent damping properties such as EPDM rubber and butyl rubber. The development of new damping materials that are mo
resistant and resistant to dynamic fatigue and the development of liquid-sealed dampers are research topics that my country
invest more in in the future.
2.4 Safety products
There are more than 30 manufacturers of brake coatings (diaphragms) and brake cups for automobiles in my country. After
transformation, the product performance basically meets the requirements of the automotive industry. The service life of dom
produced high-strength rubber diaphragms has reached the technical mark of 1 million times. The membrane production cap
million pieces, and the diaphragm production capacity is 15 million pieces. The main raw rubber used is natural rubber or a co
of natural rubber and synthetic rubber. In the future, high-strength rubber diaphragms such as EPDM rubber and thermoplast
TPE should be further developed and applied.
The production of airbags in my country has just started, with only 6-7 manufacturers, with a total production capacity of a
200,000 sets/year. The National Automobile Safety Law stipulates that cars with a total weight of less than 2.5 tons (M1 catego
undergo a crash test before being listed. All cars in the future must meet the standards and must be equipped with safety cap
Airbags are generally made of nylon and made of neoprene. Looking forward to the next development direction is the use of
thermoplastic elastomers to manufacture airbags.
2.5 Hose products
Automotive hoses have grown at a rate of about 25% in recent years. There are more than 20 domestic automotive hose pla
certain scale, with a total production capacity of 200 million standard meters. Mainly braided hoses and winding hoses, the pr
resin composite hoses including brake hoses and cooling water hoses is increasing; short fiber hoses are valued due to their s
process and good performance. From the perspective of rubber materials, it has evolved from a single type of rubber in the pa
different types of rubber in the inner, middle and outer layers to adapt to different working environment conditions, generally
of 2-3 different rubbers. In recent years, the development of domestic automobile hoses has begun to take shape. Many enter
introduced advanced foreign technology and equipment, and the product quality has been greatly improved. However, compa
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Classification of automobile rubber products and its role in automobiles-Shanghai Mansu Precision Industry Technology Co., Ltd.
foreign countries, there is still a big gap, and low- and mid-range products can meet market requirements. High-end products
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fuel pipes, thin braided hoses, and heat-resistant pipes still rely on imports. The matching rate of domestic vehicles of this kind
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products is only 40%, and the matching rate of high-end vehicles is only 5-10%. In addition to nitrile rubber, nitrile rubber/pol
chloride blends are used as rubber materials, and hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroether rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethyle
EPDM rubber are further used.
2.6 Tape products
The production of transmission belts for cars in my country, especially timing belts, started late. After the reform and openi
joint ventures have successively introduced foreign advanced technology and equipment and developed corresponding produ
to cooperate with the introduction of car localization, which basically met the demand for cars; however, there is still a certain
product quality and performance compared with similar foreign products. . The production process of V-belts for automobiles
replaced by trimming belts. In terms of materials, hydrogenated nitrile rubber is mainly used abroad; neoprene is still the main
rubber, and a few use EPDM and chlorosulfonated polyethylene elastomers. Hydrogenated nitrile rubber cannot be used beca
high price. Therefore, the service life of the domestic V-belt is only about 100h. Foreign V-belts can be used for 180,000 km, w
synchronized with car overhaul. There are about 30 automobile transmission belt manufacturers in my country
More than 0, the production capacity is: V-belts 500 million standard meters, 20 million synchronous belts.
2.7 Other products
Automotive wiper strips are one of the more problematic varieties of automotive rubber products in my country. The main p
are high noise, inability to wear and low wiping efficiency. The main material of domestic wiper strips is neoprene. Foreign cou
conducted in-depth research on materials and structures. For example, use EPDM or silicone rubber to replace neoprene, add
lubricants to the rubber, or spray wear-resistant materials on the surface. The quality of car wiper rubber strips has attracted th
of the Chinese people, and some manufacturers have launched relevant research and achieved good results.
Automobile sealant is mainly used for sealing between car body, door steel plate weld and connecting parts. Adhesives for
mainly include PVC hot melt adhesives, asphalt primers and neoprene adhesives.
3. Ideas to improve the technical level of my country's automotive rubber products
3.1 First of all, the government must pay great attention to it and guide enterprises to increase investment in technological
through policy support.
Relevant government departments should pay attention to the quality of auto parts as a key factor related to car quality. Ea
organize domestic technical elites in related industries to selectively target several key technologies for research. We can learn
experience model of "Guangdong-Hong Kong key material technology research" adopted by Guangdong Province in recent y
Organized by the Provincial Department of Science and Technology, experts from enterprises, research institutes, and colleges
universities will screen, demonstrate, establish, and bid on major materials and technologies encountered in the current econo
construction of the province and Hong Kong. The research funding is partly allocated by the provincial government and relate
departments, and the enterprise will be matched with a certain proportion of the corresponding funds, which will be jointly de
the winning enterprise and the college. After several years of experimentation, the results have indeed been achieved.
3.2 Carry out the development and research of urgently needed special raw materials and change the status quo of "no rice
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3.2.1 Varieties of synthetic rubber
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High-quality EPDM for composite sealing strips and brake skins, fluororubber varieties for skeleton oil seals with engine res
high temperature, high pressure, wear resistance and good adhesion above 200℃, fluorosilicone rubber, wear-resistant acrylic
hydrogenated carboxyl group Nitrile rubber, oil-resistant silicone rubber and acrylic rubber with excellent low-temperature pro
3.2.2 New vulcanizing agents, additives and framework materials
Catch up with advanced international countries, develop a new generation of environmentally friendly crosslinking agents, a
and additives, high-strength framework materials such as polyester with excellent adhesion, high-strength glass fiber, and ara
good stability.
3.3 Enterprises unite with scientific research institutes and institutions of higher learning to organize capable scientific resea
the short term to focus on accelerating the development of high-precision products and increasing the rate of localization of
vehicles.
1. Car crankshaft high-speed oil seal and crankshaft oil seal, meet 8000Km, temperature 250℃, working life 4000-5000h;
2. Liquid-sealed composite shock absorber, torsion shock absorber, electronic shock absorber, temperature resistance 300℃
3. Heat-resistant fuel hose and thin-walled hose (wall thickness ≤ 2mm);
4. Multi-channel special-shaped hose;
5. The high-strength rubber film requires high and low temperature resistance, and the service life is 50×10000 times at nor
temperature.
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