Forests and Forestry In Slovenia
Katarina Celič, Councellor to the Government
Forest in Slovenia
Data on land use in Slovenia (MAFF)
Land use
Agriculture (fields, meadows, orchards, vineyards etc)
Overgrown areas
Plantations of forest trees
Riparian overgrowth & forest edges
Forests
Total areas with forest vegetation
Urban areas, wetlands, water, unproductive
Total Slovenia
Area (ha)
%
618.547,86
30,51%
25.251,63
1,25%
586,74
0,03%
18.956,63
0,94%
1.201.621,96
59,27%
1.246.416,96
61,49%
162.320,2
8,01%
2.027.285,02
100,00%
Slovenia compared to other countries (data from FAO)
Population
density
n/km2
Land area
000 ha
000 ha
%
ha/capita
Hungary
109,1
9234
1840
19,9
0,2
174
Croatia
80,1
5592
1783
31,9
0,4
201
Italy
195,0
29406
10003
34,0
0,2
145
Austria
98,8
8273
3886
47,0
0,5
286
Slovenia
98,9
2012
1107[1]
55,0
0,6
283
Sweden
21,6
41162
27134
65,9
3,1
107
Finland
17,0
30459
21935
72,0
4,2
89
Total Europe
32,2
2259957
1039251
46,0
1,4
112
Total world
45,8
13063900
3869455
29,6
0,6
100
Country/area
[1] Data for the forest area is from 1996
Total forest
Volume
m3/ha
Tree composition
Norway spruce
Silver fir
Pines
Larch
Other conifers
Beech
Oaks
Noble broadleaves
Other broadleaves
General data on development of forests and forestry in
Slovenia
Period:
1900
1950
1970
1980
1990
2000
737
860
1008
1027
1077
1142
Growing stock (m3/ha)
-
126
175
185
192
234
Private forests (%)
-
68
63
64
62
71
Average ann.fellings (000 m3)
-
2860
3141
3318
2274
2300
Forest area (000 ha)
Forestry
• Principles
• Forest Management
• Professional and Administrative
Institutions
• Legislation
• Financing and co-financing from the
state budget
Principles
• sustainability,
• close-to-nature management and
• multifunctionality.
Major long-term forest management
objectives:
• Conservation and sustainable
development of forests in the context of
their biodiversity and broad range of
ecological, social and production
functions;
• Conservation of natural environment
and ecological balance of landscape;
• Conservation of settlements and
cultivation in rural areas and
improvement of the quality of life
thereof.
The following functions were recognised
to determine the manner of forest
management:
• Production functions on 640.961 ha,
• Ecological functions on 248.914 ha and
• Social functions on 136.072 ha.
Wood fellings in the period 1991-2001 (000 m3), compared
to planned allowed cut
4000
3500
total alowed cut
3000
000 m3
2500
total actual fellings
2000
fellings - conifers
1500
1000
fellings - broadleaves
500
0
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Forest Management
The potential felling in forest
management plans 2001 – 2010 has
been set at the level of
• 59% of the increment,
• 15% of the growing stock.
• The actual feeling amounted to:
• 75% in 2000
• 70% of the potential felling in 2002.
Wood fellings in the period 1991-2001 (000 m3),
compared to planned allowed cut
4000
3500
total alowed cut
3000
000 m3
2500
total actual fellings
2000
fellings - conifers
1500
1000
fellings - broadleaves
500
0
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Forest products, harvested in Slovenia in
years 2000 in 2001 (000 m3)
Logs
Pulp wood
Other roundwood
Fuel wood
Total
conifers
786
302
121
0
1.209
2000
broadleaves together
334
1.120
94
396
84
205
532
532
1.044
2.253
conifers
819
310
112
0
1.240
2001
broadleaves together
325
1.144
100
410
296
408
295
295
1.017
2.257
Prices of forest products on domestic
market (USD/m3)
1994
Logs
- Conifers
- Beech
- Oak
- Other hard broadleaves
- Soft broadleaves
Pulp wood- conifers
Fuel wood - broadleaves
69
83
102
87
72
34
21
1995 - 2000
62
63
78
60
49
26
25
2001
46
46
58
49
46
16
21
• In the year 2001 there were 65 active
forestry companies employing 1695
workers.
• 7 of them, which are considered to be
big, employ 1097 workers.
• The system of close-to-nature forest
management is based primarily on
natural regeneration of forests.
Restocking of forests takes place on
only 1000 ha per annum.
• The required tending of forests in the
period from 1991 to 2000 was carried
out on 26,545 ha, of which 15,081 ha
are private forests.
• In the period 2001 – 2010 the required
tending should be done on 184,000 ha
(according to forest management
plans).
• The density of productive forest roads is
approximately 11,7 m/ha (12.419 km).
They are used for forest management
and for other purposes, and are
therefore of public significance. Their
maintenance is co-financed from the
national budget.
Professional
and
Administrative
Institutions in Forestry
• Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry and
Food
– Minister
– Secretariat
– Office for Agriculture and EU Affairs
– Office for Forestry, Hunting and
Fisheries
– Office for Food and Veterinary Affairs
Office for Forestry, Hunting and
fisheries
Forestry Sector
Department for forest development
Department for forest management
• The Forest Inspectorate is one of the four
inspectorates operating at the Agriculture,
Forestry, Hunting and Fisheries Inspectorate.
It employs 17 forest inspectors, who work in
the Inspectorate’s 12 units and exercise
supervision of forest management in forest
management areas.
Slovene Forestry Service
• 1 central unit, 14 district units, divided into
local units for performing public forestry
services
– Department for public and forest owners
relations
– Department for forest management planning
– Department for silviculture and protection of
forests
– Department for forest technics
– Department for forest animals and hunting
•
•
•
•
Chamber of Agriculture and Forestry
Slovene Forestry Institute
Secondary forestry school
University in Ljubljana, Biotechnical
faculty, Department for Forestry and
Renewable Forest Resources
Legislation
• Forest Act (1993)
• Rules on Silviculture and Forest
Management Plans (1998)
• Rules on Forest Protection
• Rules on the financing and co-financing
of forestry measures from the state
budget
Forest management planning
• Forest Development Programme,
adopted by the Parliament in 1996
• 14 forest district management plans,
adopted by the Government
• 250 forest management unit plans,
adopted by the minister
• Detailed silvicultural plans, prepared
by Slovene Forestry Service
• A decision is issued to forest owner,
determining:
– Amount of trees to be cut,
– Necessary silvicultural
protection works
and
forest
Financing and co-financing of forestry
measures from the state budget
Co-financing:
– silvicultural and protection measures
– measures for maintenance of wildlife habitats,
– production of seeds in a nursery and investments in forest tree
nurseries,
– restoration of forests if the party responsible for the damage is
unknown,
– reforestation of forests after fires and restoration of forests
damaged by natural disturbances,
– thinning of pole stands,
– conversion of forests in private forests,
– construction and maintenance of forest roads.
Co-financing after joining EU
• associations of forest owners
• investments to improve the conditions
for the production and marketing of
forest products, according to EU
regulations.
Ratio between programmed
financing of forestry
and
actual
4500
4000
3500
000 000 SIT
3000
Budget 2002
Programme
Research
other
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Investments
Public services
Forest Investments from the state budget in
2002
conservation of w ild
animals habitats
compensation for
damage caused by
reforestation.
w ild animals
regeneration of
burnt and damaged
forests
tending measures
forest roads
purchase of
protected forests
seed and seedling
production
protective measures
Financing of forestry from the state
budget from 1991 till 2002
Investments
Public services
total forestry / MAFF
18
0,2
0,18
0,16
0,14
0,12
0,1
0,08
0,06
0,04
0,02
0
16
000 000 USD
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002