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1.
(15) The four diagrams show waves of different wavelengths approaching slits of different widths.
Which one has a largest diffraaction?
A
B
C
D
No student answer.
Correct answer.
0/3p
2.
If the figure shows the wavefronts for a double-slit interference experiment with light, at which of the labeled points is the intensity zero?
The wavefronts represent wave crests only (not crests and troughs).
A only
B only
C only
B and C
No student answer.
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Correct answer.
0/3p
3.
(15B) The figure shows the interference pattern obtained in a double-slit experiment. Which letter indicates a second order maximum?
a
b
c
d
No student answer.
Correct answer.
0/3p
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4.
The photograph shows a demonstration with a ripple tank.
Plane waves travelling from the left strike barrier with two gaps. This demonstration does not involve ...
diffraction
interference
refraction
superposition
No student answer.
Correct answer.
0/1p
5.
A water wave meets a small gap barrier. Which row of the table describes the speed and wavelength of the water wave after passing through
the gap?
A
B
C
D
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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6.
The spreading of a wave as it passes around an obstacle is called ...
diffraction
polarisation
reflection
refraction
No student answer.
Correct answer.
0/1p
7.
A diffraction grating has 300 lines per mm. When laser light is directed towards the diffraction grating, a diffraction pattern is observed on a
screen. The position of a first order maximum on the screen is shown in the diagram.
Which of the following calculations should be used to determine the wavelength, in mm, of the laser light used?
300 sin θ where θ = sin−1 (
0.40
)
2.00
300 sin θ where θ = tan−1 (
​
0.40
)
2.00
​
sin θ
0.40
)
where θ = sin−1 (
300
2.00
​
​
sin θ
0.40
)
where θ = tan−1 (
300
2.00
​
​
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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8.
The diagram shows an experiment set up to demonstrate two-source interference, using microwaves of wavelength λ.
The detector is moved from O in the direction of the upwards arrow. The first position where the signal is a minimum is P.
The equation that correctly determines the position of P is ...
OP = λ
OP = λ/2
S 1 P – S2 P = λ
S1 P – S2 P = λ/2
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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9.
The four diagrams represent moving wavefronts that are one wavelength apart. In each set-up, diffraction will occur as the wavefront passes
through the gap.
Which set-up will produce the greatest diffraction?
A
B
C
D
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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10.
Light travels into a semicircular glass block as shown in the diagram. The ray of light reaches the straight edge of the block at an angle of
incidence i. The critical angle for glass is c.
Which one of the following statements is true for light at the straight edge?
When i is bigger than c then no light is reflected.
When i is bigger than c then no light is transmitted.
transmitted = refraction
When i is smaller than c then no light is reflected.
When i is smaller than c then no light is transmitted.
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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11.
The diagram shows a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass block.
Which row in the table below correctly identifies the changes to the properties of the light as it enters the glass block?
A
B
C
D
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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12.
The diagram shows a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass block.
The refractive index of the glass is ...
0.52
0.63
1.60
1.90
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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13.
The refractive index of glass can be found by tracing a ray of light from air through a block of glass and measuring angles.
Which of the following expressions is equal to the refractive index of glass?
A
B
C
D
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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14.
(A) A ray of light is incident on a thin film of oil on water. Some of the light is reflected at X and some at Y.
The two reflected rays will be 180° out of phase if the path difference is
an odd number of wavelengths.
an even number of wavelengths.
an odd number of half wavelengths.
an even number of half wavelengths.
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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15.
The diagram shows a ray of white light striking a thin layer of oil on water. Light reflects from the upper and lower surfaces of the oil, so that
two rays reach the eye of an observer. With the eye in different positions the observer sees different colours from the oil.
Which of the following phenomena is not involved in the production of the colours seen?
ga ada jawabannya
polarisation
reflection
refraction
superposition
ini terjadi dimata
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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16.
Which line of the table correctly summarises the changes in wave characteristics when moving from ultraviolet to infrared in the visible
spectrum?
A
B
C
D
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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17.
The diagram shows a ray of light incident upon the surface of a glass block.
Which line could correctly show the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction?
A
B
C
D
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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18.
A ray of light in medium 1 is directed towards medium 2 in which the speed of light is different.
Identify the path the ray of light cannot take.
A
B
C
D
No student answer.
Correct answer.
0/2p
19.
The diagram represents straight wavefronts passing across a boundary from deep water into shallow water, with a change in speed and
direction.
Which wave property does this diagram illustrate?
diffraction
interference
refraction
reflection
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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20.
(A) Which of the following phenomena provides evidence that light waves are transverse?
diffraction
interference
polarisation
refraction
No student answer.
Correct answer.
0/1p
21.
A filament lamp is a source of unpolarised light. A polarising filter is placed between a filament lamp and an observer. The filter is rotate in
the plane perpendicular to the direction of travel of the light. Which of the following is observed as the filter is rotated through an angle of
270°?
The light intensity changes from maximum to minimum.
The light intensity changes from minimum to maximum.
The light intensity does not change
The light intensity is zero throughout the rotation.
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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22.
(C) Which of the following statements about waves is correct?
Both longitudinal and transverse waves can be polarised.
Neither longitudinal nor transverse waves can be polarised.
Only longitudinal waves can be polarised.
Only transverse waves can be polarised.
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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23.
(ABC) A filament lamp is a source of unpolarised light. A polarising filter is placed between a filament lamp and an observer. The filter is
rotate in the plane perpendicular to the direction of travel of the light. Which of the following is observed as the filter is rotated through an
angle of 270°?
The light intensity changes from maximum to minimum.
The light intensity changes from minimum to maximum.
The light intensity does not change
The light intensity is zero throughout the rotation.
No student answer.
Correct answer.
0/1p
24.
(B) Which of the following types of wave cannot be plane polarised?
light
microwaves
ultrasound
ultraviolet
No student answer.
Correct answer.
0/1p
25.
Light from a lamp passes through two polarising filters, P1 and P2, before reaching a detector. The filters initially have their planes of
polarisation parallel.
The intensity of light at the detector will be greatest if ...
P1 is rotated by 45° and P2 is rotated by 315° in the same direction.
P1 is rotated by 90° and P2 is rotated by 270° in the same direction.
P1 is rotated by 45° and P2 is rotated by 270° in the same direction.
P1 is rotated by 90° and P2 is rotated by 315° in the same direction.
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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26.
The diagram shows a diffraction pattern.
(a) Explain what is meant by diffraction.
(b) Suggest why substantial diffraction occurs.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
27.
Light of wavelength 490 nm is incident on a narrow slit. The diffraction pattern is viewed on a screen 3.20 m from the slit. The distance on
the screen between the central maximum and the third minimum is 2.5 cm. What is the width of the slit?
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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28.
Ramon has a coherent light source with wavelength 547 nm. He wishes to send light through a double slit with slit separation of 1.50 mm to
a screen 90.0 cm away. What is the minimum width of the screen if Ramon wants to display five complete bright fringes?
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
29.
The red light passes through two slits that are close together, the waves spread out, overlap and add together to produce a pattern of light and
dark bands.
The spacing between two dark bands in the pattern produced is inversely proportional to the distance between the two slits. Red light is
shone through two slits that are separated by 1.2 mm and the dark bands in the pattern are 0.60 mm apart.
a)
Calculate how far apart the dark bands will be if the distance between the two slits is
reduced to 0.40 mm.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
b)
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Describe the effect on the pattern if the distance between the two slits is gradually increased to 1 cm.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/10p
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30.
A diamond in air is illuminated with white light. On one particular facet, the angle of incidence is 26.00 ° . Inside the diamond, red light ( λ =
660.0 nm in vacuum) is refracted at 10.48 ° with respect to the normal; blue light ( λ = 470.0 nm in vacuum) is refracted at 10.33 ° .
What is the ratio of the speed of red light to the speed of blue light in diamond?
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
31.
The interference of microwaves can be investigated in the laboratory using a microwave transmitter and receiver. Microwaves from the
transmitter pass through two slits formed between metal plates, as shown.
As the receiver is moved along AB, alternate points of maximum and minimum readings are observed.
a)
Explain why O is a point of maximum reading.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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b)
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Explain why maximum and minimum readings are observed alternately as the receiver is moved along the line AB.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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32.
Wavefronts of light change shape when they pass around an edge or through a slit. This means that the light bends and the effect is called
diffraction. The longer the wavelength of light, the more the light bends.
(a) The diagram on the left shows red light passing through a slit and undergoing diffraction.
On the diagram on the right, show the same effect for blue light.
(b) If the red light passes through two slits that are close together, the waves spread out, overlap and add together to produce a pattern of light
and dark bands. Complete the diagram below to show how two overlapping waves produce the
pattern of light and dark bands.
(c) The spacing between two dark bands in the pattern produced is inversely proportional to the distance between the two slits. Red light is
shone through two slits that are separated by 1.2 mm and the dark bands in the pattern are 0.60 mm apart.
(i) Calculate how far apart the dark bands will be if the distance between the two slits is reduced to 0.40 mm.
(ii) Describe the effect on the pattern if the distance between the two slits is gradually increased to 1 cm.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
33.
(19B) Wavefronts of light change shape when they pass around an edge or through a slit. This means that the light bends and the effect is
called diffraction. The longer the wavelength of light, the more the light bends.
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a)
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The diagram on the left shows red light passing through a slit and undergoing diffraction.
On the diagram on the right, show the same effect for blue light! (Redraw the picture, draw your answer, and explain the difference
compare to the right picture!)
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
b)
-/5p
The spacing between two dark bands in the pattern produced is inversely proportional to the distance between the two slits. Red light is
shone through two slits that are separated by 1.2 mm and the dark bands in the pattern are
0.60 mm apart.
Calculate how far apart the dark bands will be if the distance between the two slits is reduced to 0.40 mm.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/10p
34.
(19) A teacher carried out a demonstration using light with a wavelength of 0.50 μm . The microwaves were directed towards a parallel gap
separated by 20.0 μm. The screen is place 8.0 m from the slits as shown below.
(Redraw the picture to answers the question below!)
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a)
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Draw and explain what happened to the waves on the screen!
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
b)
-/5p
What is the distance between the m = 0 and m = 2 bright fringes?
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/10p
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35.
In the 17th century, Isaac Newton suggested that light was made up of very small particles which he called corpuscles. Newton’s theory was
favoured in England throughout the 18th century because of his great reputation although scientists elsewhere applied the wave theory.
In 1801 Thomas Young demonstrated his double slit experiment. Monochromatic light from a narrow single slit was passed through a double
slit and a pattern of light and dark bands was seen on a screen, as shown in the diagram.
(a) Explain how the light and dark bands are formed in the double slit experiment.
(b) The observation of light and dark bands with the double slit experiment depends on the light from the slits being coherent. Explain why
coherence is necessary to observe the light and dark bands.
Answer:
a) because there is constructive interference when the crest or trough from each wavelength from each slit meets and
destructive wave when crest from one wavelength from one slit meet to the trough of other wavelength from the other slits (or
the other way around).
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
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36.
A 45 ° prism has an index of refraction of 1.6. Light is normally incident on the left side of the prism.
Complete the path of the ray after point P!
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
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37.
Rainbows are seen when sunlight is dispersed by raindrops. The light is separated into different colours because they each take different
paths through raindrops. A ray of white light is incident on a raindrop. The diagram shows the subsequent path of the red light.
(a) Name the effect that is experienced by the red light at A.
(b) (i) On the diagram label an angle of incidence with an i and an angle of refraction with an r.
(ii) On the diagram draw the path that a violet ray of light would take, through the raindrop and into the air.
(c) (i) State what is meant by the critical angle.
(ii) Calculate the critical angle for red light in the raindrop. refractive index for red light in water = 1.3
(d) Red light has a frequency of 4.2 × 1014 Hz and travels at a speed of 2.2 × 108 m s–1 in the raindrop.
Calculate the wavelength of the red light in the raindrop.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
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38.
The prism in the figure is made of crown glass. Its index of refraction ranges from 1.517 for the longest visible wavelengths to 1.538 for the
shortest. Find the range of refraction angles for the light transmitted into air inside of the prism.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
39.
Diamonds, cubic zirconia and silicon carbide can be used as gemstones in jewellery. The speed of light in these materials is shown in the
table.
In order to identify the material used, a ray of light is directed towards a boundary between air and the gemstone.
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a)
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Deduce the material used for the gemstone.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
b)
-/10p
Diamonds are cut into different shapes so that they ‘sparkle’ when light shines on them.
The diagram shows a ray of light entering a diamond and incident on a boundary between diamond and air.
Draw back the picture and add to the diagram to show the path of the ray of light as it leaves this
boundary. Your answer should include a calculation.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/10p
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40.
When light rays enter the Earth’s atmosphere from space they undergo refraction. This can lead to a star appearing to be in a different
position from its actual position.
(a) Explain what is meant by refraction and why it occurs for light entering the Earth’s atmosphere.
(b) The diagram shows a ray of light from a star reaching the Earth’s surface.
The diagram shows in more detail the ray of light as it enters the atmosphere.
Calculate the change in direction θ of the ray.
refractive index of atmosphere = 1.001
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
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41.
A student carries out an experiment to measure the refractive index of glass. She does this by shining a ray of light through a semicircular
glass block and into the air as shown.
(a) Calculate the refractive index from air to glass aμg.
(b) (i) The student steadily increases the angle x in glass and finds that eventually the light does not pass into the air. Explain this
observation.
(ii) Calculate the largest value of angle x that allows the light to pass out of the block into the air.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
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42.
A diagram shows the structure of a compact disc. A laser light beam is directed at right angles to the underside of the disc.
The wavelength of the laser light in the transparent plastic layer is 414 nm
refractive index of the transparent plastic layer = 1.53
(a) (i) Calculate the wavelength of the light in air.
(ii) Light reflected from point A is 180􀁱 out of phase with light reflected from point B. Calculate the minimum vertical distance from A to
B.
(b) Some of the reflected light will not hit the plastic-air boundary at 90o
(i) Calculate the critical angle of the plastic-air boundary.
(ii) On the diagram below, show what happens to a ray of light which hits the plastic-air boundary at point P at an angle greater than the
critical angle.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
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43.
Optical fibres have many uses in medicine and communications. They can also be incorporated into items such as the curtains shown in the
photograph.
Some optical fibres are made from a central core of transparent material surrounded by a material of a different refractive index as a
cladding.
speed of light in the core = 1.96 × 108 m s–1
speed of light in the cladding = 2.03 × 108 m s–1
(a) Calculate the critical angle for the core-cladding boundary.
(b) The diagram below shows a ray of light inside the core of a fibre. The ray is incident on the core-cladding boundary at an angle of 80o.
State what happens to this ray of light when it is incident on the core-cladding boundary as shown.
(c) The light source for these curtains is at the top. Suggest why the bottom of the curtain is much brighter than the rest of the curtain.
Answer:
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No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
44.
A student is asked to take measurements to determine the refractive index of a transparent plastic block.
The student uses a ray box and a protractor to obtain the following measurements: angle of incidence in air = 40° angle of refraction in
plastic = 25°
(a) Calculate the refractive index of the plastic from which the block is made.
(b) The student compares his value of refractive index with the values in the table to identify the type of plastic from which the block is
made.
Comment on the limitations of using this method to identify the type of plastic and suggest how the method may be improved.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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45.
(a) You are asked to find the refractive index for light passing from air to glass by tracing the path of a ray of light through a glass block.
State the measurements you would take, the graph you would plot and how you would use the graph to determine a value for the refractive
index.
(b) (i) State what is meant by critical angle.
(ii) Calculate the critical angle for light passing from water to air. refractive index of water = 1.33
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
46.
If you look into a fish pond on a bright sunny day, you sometimes cannot see the fish because of the glare of light reflected off the surface.
When the sunlight is reflected off the surface of the water it is partially plane-polarised.
(a) State the difference between plane-polarised and unpolarised light.
(b) Explain how Polaroid sunglasses can enable the fish to be seen.
(c) State why sound waves cannot be polarised.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
47.
a)
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A polarising filter is placed in front of a laser (polarized light). When the laser is switched on a red spot is seen on a screen. The filter is
then rotated through 180°. As the filter is rotated, the intensity of the red spot falls almost to zero and then returns to the original
intensity.
Explain these observation!
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/10p
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b)
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After that the filter rotated again 45o from initial. If the intensity of laser is 10 W/m2,
calculate the intensity trough the filter!
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
0/10p
48.
(a) Light from the Sun is unpolarised. Explain what is meant by unpolarised.
(b) When a ray of light from the Sun is incident on a block of ice, most of the light is refracted into the ice. Some of it is reflected. The light
that is reflected is partially plane polarised. Describe a test to confirm that the reflected ray is partially plane polarised.
(c) Some skiers wear sunglasses with polarising lenses. These sunglasses reduce the amount of reflected light entering their eyes. Suggest
how these sunglasses work.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
-/1p
49.
Waves may be transverse or longitudinal.
(a) The table shows three types of wave. Complete the table by putting tick(s) in the box(es) to show which waves are longitudinal.
(b) Some waves can be plane polarised. Explain why longitudinal waves cannot be plane polarised.
Answer:
have no [prportty
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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50.
Films made to be watched in three dimensions (3D) are produced by projecting two slightly different images on to the screen, one to be seen
by each eye.
In one technique the images are polarised. The viewers wear special glasses where the lenses are replaced by two separate plane polarising
filters.
(a) Explain what is meant by plane polarised light.
(b) The light from the screen reaching each eye passes through a different filter so each eye sees a different image. The filter for one eye has
a plane of polarisation of 45° and the filter for the other eye has a plane of polarisation of 135°.
Explain this choice of angles.
(c) One complaint about 3D films seen through polarising filters is that they appear darker compared to ordinary films.
Suggest why this is the case.
(d) 3D film viewing is no longer done with plane polarised glasses because these require the viewers to keep their heads exactly level for the
whole film. Tilting of the head causes partial viewing of the left image by the right eye and vice versa.
Explain why one eye would see a faint image intended for the other eye if the head is tilted slightly.
Answer:
No student answer.
Correct answer.
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