Qn#01. DEFINITION OF THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING.
(A) A community.
Community is a group of people who share similar characteristics and interests. Communities
are typically based on common values, beliefs, and traditions that bring people together. The
members of a community can range from a small group of friends to an entire city or nation.
Communities are often formed around shared culture, such as language, religion, lifestyle, or
geographical region. Communities can also be formed based on shared interests, such as sports
teams, music, hobbies, or political beliefs. Communities provide an important source of support
and connection for its members, as well as a space for collaboration and mutual understanding.
OR
A community can also be defined as a group of people with a common interest that interact
with each other in a variety of ways. It is often defined by geographic boundaries, and can
include people from many different backgrounds and cultures. Community members may share
common interests, values, and experiences, and often take part in activities together.
Communities can be large or small, virtual or physical, and can be formed around a variety of
topics or causes. Examples of communities include neighborhoods, cities, countries, and online
groups or forums.
(B). Community Health Practices.
Community health practice is the application of public health strategies to improve the health
of individuals and communities. It encompasses a range of activities, such as health promotion,
disease prevention, health education, and primary care. Community health practice focuses on
the overall health of a community, rather than the individual health of individual members. It
takes into account the needs of the entire population and attempts to address the health of all
members of the community, including those who may be vulnerable or at risk. Community
health practice involves activities such as health assessments, health education, and the
development of health promotion strategies. It also includes activities such as screening and
surveillance for communicable and non-communicable diseases, as well as providing access to
health care services. Community health practice also involves advocating for health policies and
initiatives, conducting research, and engaging in community engagement activities. In addition,
community health practice includes monitoring and evaluating the impact of health policies and
interventions on the health of the population. Community health practice is an important part
of public health and is essential for improving the health of communities. It is an
interdisciplinary field that involves professionals from many different disciplines. These
professionals work together to promote health and prevent illness, as well as address health
disparities. Community health practice is essential for improving the health of individuals and
communities and for creating healthier and more equitable societies.
(C)Community Health Nursing.
Community health nursing is a specialty practice area of nursing that focuses on the promotion
of health, prevention of disease, and protection from environmental threats in communities.
Community health nurses provide health care services to individuals, families, and groups in
their homes, schools, workplaces, and other community settings. They work with individuals
and populations to identify health risks, diagnose health problems, and develop and implement
health-promotion and disease-prevention strategies. Community health nurses also provide
patient education and counseling, as well as coordinate care with other health care
professionals.
(D) Public Health Nursing.
Public health nursing is a specialty practice within nursing that focuses on the promotion of
health within the population. Public health nurses work to protect and promote the health of
entire populations, rather than just the health of individuals. They strive to improve the quality
of life for individuals, families, and communities by helping to prevent or reduce health risks,
identify health concerns, and develop and implement strategies to improve health and wellbeing. Public health nurses often collaborate with other organizations to advocate for policies
that promote optimal health and wellness.
(E) Community Oriental Nursing.
Community oriented nursing is a nursing practice that focuses on the health of individuals and
communities. It is a holistic approach to care that takes into account the social, economic,
political, cultural, and environmental factors that affect health. Community oriented nursing is
based on the idea that in order to provide quality care, nurses must be aware of the issues that
affect health and be able to address them in a proactive manner. Community oriented nursing
involves assessing community health needs, developing and implementing strategies to address
those needs, and evaluating the outcomes of those strategies. Community oriented nursing
also emphasizes educating individuals and communities about health and providing resources
to improve the health of the community.
Qn#02. (A) DESCRIPTION OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING.
Community health nursing has a long and rich history. It dates back to the late 19th century,
when Florence Nightingale revolutionized the field of nursing with her focus on preventative
health care. Her work laid the groundwork for the development of public health nursing, which
focused on the health of entire communities rather than individual patients.
In the early 20th century, public health nurses began to focus on providing care to underserved
communities. They identified and addressed health issues such as poor nutrition, inadequate
housing, and lack of access to health care. They also worked to educate communities on health
issues and develop programs to promote better health.
In the mid-20th century, community health nursing became more organized, with the
establishment of government-funded health departments and community health centers.
These facilities provided access to health care to underserved communities and helped to
reduce health disparities.
In the late 20th century, community health nurses began to focus on preventive care and health
promotion. They developed programs to encourage healthy behaviors, such as smoking
cessation, nutrition education, and physical activity. They also began to focus on chronic
diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
Today, community health nurses continue to focus on providing care and health education to
underserved communities. They also focus on developing programs to promote healthy
behaviors and reduce health disparities.
(B)Factors influencing the growth of community health nursing.
1. Education: Education is a major factor in the growth of community health nursing. The more
nurses that are educated in the field, the more services they can provide to their communities.
This includes providing health education, preventative care, and disease management.
2. Technological Advancements: Technological advances in healthcare have made it possible for
nurses to provide more specialized care to their patients. This includes the use of electronic
health records, telehealth, and remote monitoring systems. These advancements have allowed
nurses to better manage their patients’ health and provide more comprehensive care.
3. Increased Funding: Community health nursing programs have received increased funding
from both private and government sources in recent years. This provides more resources for
nurses, allowing them to better serve their communities.
4. Community Involvement: Community involvement is a key factor in the growth of community
health nursing. It is important for nurses to be active members of their communities and
understand the needs of the people they serve. This involvement can help nurses to better
connect with their communities and provide more effective care.
5. Cultural Competency: Cultural competency is another important factor in the growth of
community health nursing. It is important for nurses to understand the cultural backgrounds of
their patients and be able to provide culturally appropriate care. This includes understanding
the language, customs, beliefs, and values of the communities they serve.
(C) Roles of community health nursing.
Roles of community health nursing include:
1. Health Assessment: Community health nurses assess individuals, families and communities to
identify health needs and develop strategies to address those needs.
2. Health Promotion: Community health nurses work to promote health and prevent disease
through education, health screenings, immunizations and lifestyle interventions.
3. Patient Advocacy: Community health nurses serve as patient advocates, advocating for their
patients’ rights and helping to ensure they receive high-quality care.
4. Disease Prevention: Community health nurses focus on preventing the spread of disease by
teaching individuals how to practice healthy habits and by providing immunizations.
5. Resource Referral: Community health nurses refer patients to resources such as financial
assistance programs, social services and community programs.
6. Collaboration: Community health nurses work in collaboration with other healthcare
professionals, community organizations and government agencies to ensure patients receive
othe best care possible.
Qn#03. SETTING OF COMMUNITY NURSING PRACTICES.
Community health nursing is a specialised branch of nursing which focuses on promoting and
protecting the health of populations within communities. It involves providing care to
individuals, families, and communities in order to reach a common goal of improved health and
well-being. Community health nurses focus on health promotion, disease prevention, health
maintenance, and providing care for chronic and acute illnesses.
The setting of community health nursing can include a variety of different settings such as:
(1) Public Health Departments: Community health nurses work in public health departments to
provide a variety of services such as health screenings, vaccinations, education, and health
promotion.
(2)Schools: Community health nurses often work in schools to provide health education and
services such as immunizations and screenings.
(3) Primary Care Settings: Community health nurses provide a variety of services in primary care
settings, such as health assessments, health promotion, and disease prevention.
(4)Community Settings: Community health nurses work in community settings such as
homeless shelters, child care centers, and senior centers to provide health services and health
education.
(5)Correctional Facilities: Community health nurses provide care in correctional facilities such as
jails and prisons.
(6)Home Health Agencies: Community health nurses provide home health services, such as
disease management and health promotion, to individuals and families in their homes.
Qn#04. EXPLANATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNITY HEALTH PERCEPTIONS
AND RELATED HEALTH PROBLEMS.
The relationship between community health perception and related health problems is a
complex one. On the one hand, community health perception can affect the development of
health problems in a community. For example, if people in a community have a negative
perception of health due to a lack of access to healthcare services, this can lead to a higher
prevalence of health problems in that community. On the other hand, health problems can also
have an influence on community health perception. People in a community that is affected by a
particular health problem may become more aware of the issue and may be more likely to take
action to prevent it from occurring or from getting worse.
For example, a community that is affected by a high rate of cardiovascular disease may become
more aware of the risk factors associated with the condition and may be more likely to take
preventive measures such as exercising regularly, eating a healthy diet, and quitting smoking.
This increased awareness can help to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the
community.
In general, it is important for communities to have a positive perception of health in order to
reduce the prevalence of health problems. Communities should be empowered to take
preventive measures to improve their health and to reduce the risk of health problems. It is
also important for communities to be aware of the resources available to them in order to
access healthcare services and to receive adequate health education.