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"The <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hypothalamus"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a small part
in the brain (<b> part of
diencephalon</b>), located inferior to
the thalamus, in the <b>lower
central part of the brain</b>.""The <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypothalamus</span> is a small part
in the brain (<b> part of
diencephalon</b>), located inferior to
the thalamus, in the <b>lower
central part of the brain</b>.<br>
<img src=""paste-6339815e6d53eb7f1c3086f420e656139109d501.jpg"">"
"Hypothalamus Regulates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""satiety"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>,
<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""metabolism"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> &amp; <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""body&#x20;temperature&#x2E;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hypothalamus Regulates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">satiety</span>,
<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">metabolism</span> &amp; <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">body temperature.</span><br>
"
"Hypothalamus Secretes of hormones that<b>
stimulate or suppress </b>the release
of the hormones of the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pituitary"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>
gland""Hypothalamus Secretes of hormones that<b>
stimulate or suppress </b>the release
of the hormones of the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">pituitary</span>
gland<br>
"
"Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus are carried to the pituitary gland through the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hypophyseal&#x20;portal&#x20;system"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>.""Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus are carried to the pituitary gland through the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypophyseal portal system</span>.<br>
"
"The activities of the <b>endocrine system
and the autonomic nervous system</b> on
the target organ&nbsp;are integrated
and coordinated by the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hypothalamus"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The activities of the <b>endocrine system
and the autonomic nervous system</b> on
the target organ&nbsp;are integrated
and coordinated by the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypothalamus</span><br>
"
"The hypothalamus is located <b>anterior </b>to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lamina&#x20;terminalis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>.""The hypothalamus is located <b>anterior </b>to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lamina terminalis</span>.<br>
<img src=""paste-17c1df966c01560f715056b8daae7b0b60838163.jpg"">"
"The hypothalamus&nbsp;extends posteriorly to the&nbsp; <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mammillary&#x20;bodies&#x2E;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The hypothalamus&nbsp;extends posteriorly to the&nbsp; <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mammillary bodies.</span><br>
<img src=""paste-f43a42a567cb6babded6b6a250654f79a497200f.jpg"">"
"The superior extent of the hypothalamus is demarcated by the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hypothalamic&#x20;sulcus"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>.""The superior extent of the hypothalamus is demarcated by the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypothalamic sulcus</span>.<br>
<img src=""paste-16f396305fe53defd5a7ad5224a8014857cf8317.jpg"">"
"The extent of the hypothalamus is <b>inferior </b>to the floor of the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">3rd ventricle</span> and<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""&amp;nbsp&#x3B;interpeduncular&#x20;fossa"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""The extent of the hypothalamus is <b>inferior </b>to the floor of the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">3rd ventricle</span> and<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">&nbsp;interpeduncular fossa</span><br>
<img src=""paste-381f175c33fd519134e42fbebcfb2818f7e24186.jpg""><img src=""paste-530f73ed7065a03f09ead6554cba30a40d3b3736.jpg"">"
"The extent of the hypothalamus is <b>inferior </b>to the floor of the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""3rd&#x20;ventricle"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">&nbsp;interpeduncular fossa</span>""The extent of the hypothalamus is <b>inferior </b>to the floor of the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">3rd ventricle</span> and<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">&nbsp;interpeduncular fossa</span><br>
<img src=""paste-381f175c33fd519134e42fbebcfb2818f7e24186.jpg""><img src=""paste-530f73ed7065a03f09ead6554cba30a40d3b3736.jpg"">"
hypothalamus is devided into 3 parts&nbsp;anteroposteriorly :"• Optic part
<br>• Tuberal part
<br>• Mammillary part<br><img src=""paste-fa0b894fb3ca9a150c710b952eadfd7761fc89eb.jpg"">"
"hypothalamus devided into 3 zones by&nbsp;<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""column&#x20;of&#x20;fornix&#x20;traversing"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""hypothalamus devided into 3 zones by&nbsp;<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">column of fornix traversing</span><br>
<img alt=""White matter:Fornix and forniceal commissure | RANZCRPart1 ..."" src=""latest.jpg"">"
the 3 zones of hypothalamus are ?"<img src=""paste-9b3e47329a286058f0cd0f410935e15809c4329d.jpg""><b><br></b><img src=""paste-d22f043ee9caebff7e4878193cb3406388650c5c.jpg"">"
hypothalamus important&nbsp;nuclei"• supraoptic
<br>• paraventricular
<br>• arcuate
<br>• mammillary
<br>• suprachiasmatic<br><img src=""paste-2c33875aecd05cd8089a5b2a790d370376a3ffd3.jpg"">"
hypothalamus&nbsp;Connections"1
. Cortical<br>2
. Limbic<br>3. Retinal
<br>4
. Lower centers<br>5
. Pituitary<br><img src=""paste-9f58abc134dc54bcfb020685b882fded68b7355a.jpg"">"
"The <b>cortical area</b> connection to the hypothalamus:<br>&nbsp;<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""visceral&#x20;&amp;amp&#x3B;&#x20;olfactory"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> areas.➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""><b>autonomic response</b> based on <b>past experience</b></span>""The <b>cortical area</b> connection to the hypothalamus:<br>&nbsp;<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">visceral &amp; olfactory</span> areas.➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""><b>autonomic response</b> based on <b>past experience</b></span><br>
<img src=""paste-9e4c409fe81f73eb717f93c05e7a4893cef743ca.jpg"">"
"The <b>Limbic</b>&nbsp;<b>area</b> connection to the hypothalamus :<br><b>Hippocampus</b> via <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fornix&#x20;&#x28;Papez&#x20;circuit&#x29;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> .➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">memory consolidation</span>""The <b>Limbic</b>&nbsp;<b>area</b> connection to the hypothalamus :<br><b>Hippocampus</b> via <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fornix (Papez circuit)</span> .➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">memory consolidation</span><br>
<img src=""paste-1d380f796b6c97737c4f5b170a41ead4e2ac1525.jpg"">"
"The <b>Limbic</b>&nbsp;<b>area</b> connection to the hypothalamus :<br>&nbsp;<b>Amygdala &amp; Septal areas</b> .➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""emotions"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><b>&nbsp;</b>( autonomic reactions )""The <b>Limbic</b>&nbsp;<b>area</b> connection to the hypothalamus :<br>&nbsp;<b>Amygdala &amp; Septal areas</b> .➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">emotions</span><b>&nbsp;</b>( autonomic reactions )<br>
<img src=""paste-d5c20c5675ea9d6cce8ff016ad6afcb61b40aae8.jpg"">"
"The <b>Limbic</b>&nbsp;<b>area</b> connection to the hypothalamus :<br><b>Hippocampus</b> via <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">fornix (Papez circuit)</span> .➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""memory&#x20;consolidation"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""The <b>Limbic</b>&nbsp;<b>area</b> connection to the hypothalamus :<br><b>Hippocampus</b> via <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">fornix (Papez circuit)</span> .➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">memory consolidation</span><br>
<img src=""paste-1d380f796b6c97737c4f5b170a41ead4e2ac1525.jpg"">"
"The <b>cortical area</b> connection to the hypothalamus:<br>&nbsp;<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">visceral &amp; olfactory</span> areas.➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""&lt;b&gt;autonomic&#x20;response&lt;&#x2F;b&gt;&#x20;based&#x20;on&#x20;&lt;b&gt;past&#x20;experience&lt;&#x2F;b&gt;"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""The <b>cortical area</b> connection to the hypothalamus:<br>&nbsp;<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">visceral &amp; olfactory</span> areas.➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2""><b>autonomic response</b> based on <b>past experience</b></span><br>
<img src=""paste-9e4c409fe81f73eb717f93c05e7a4893cef743ca.jpg"">"
"The <b>Limbic&nbsp;</b>Connection&nbsp;to the hypothalamus :<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""&lt;b&gt;Hippocampus&lt;&#x2F;b&gt;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""&amp;nbsp&#x3B;&lt;b&gt;Amygdala&#x20;&amp;amp&#x3B;&#x20;Septal&#x20;&lt;&#x2F;b&gt;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>areas .""The <b>Limbic&nbsp;</b>Connection&nbsp;to the hypothalamus :<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><b>Hippocampus</b></span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">&nbsp;<b>Amygdala &amp; Septal </b></span>areas .<br>
"
"The <b>Retinal&nbsp;</b>connection to the hypothalamus :<br>light&nbsp;➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""suprachiasmatic&#x20;nc&amp;nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>➡️ <b>biological clock</b>""The <b>Retinal&nbsp;</b>connection to the hypothalamus :<br>light&nbsp;➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">suprachiasmatic nc&nbsp;</span>➡️ <b>biological clock</b><br>
<img src=""paste-87faac02fcc4f0e53121cdc008562104ca4a5e7a.jpg"">"
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"
"Pituitary connection to the hypothalamus:<br>• <b>Nervous </b>connection&nbsp;with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""post"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> lobe
(Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract)<br>• <b>Vascular </b>connection&nbsp; with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ant"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> lobe (Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation)""Pituitary connection to the hypothalamus:<br>• <b>Nervous </b>connection&nbsp;with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">post</span> lobe
(Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract)<br>• <b>Vascular </b>connection&nbsp; with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ant</span> lobe (Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation)<br>
"
"Pituitary connection to the hypothalamus:<br>–<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Supraoptic nc</span>➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""vasopressin"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>
<br>–<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Paraventricular nc</span> ➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">oxytocin</span><br>""Pituitary connection to the hypothalamus:<br>–<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Supraoptic nc</span>➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">vasopressin</span>
<br>–<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Paraventricular nc</span> ➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">oxytocin</span><br><br>
"
"Pituitary connection to the hypothalamus:<br>–<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Supraoptic nc</span>➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vasopressin</span>
<br>–<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Paraventricular nc</span> ➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""oxytocin"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span><br>""Pituitary connection to the hypothalamus:<br>–<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Supraoptic nc</span>➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vasopressin</span>
<br>–<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Paraventricular nc</span> ➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">oxytocin</span><br><br>
"
"Pituitary connection to the hypothalamus:<br>–<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Supraoptic&#x20;nc"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vasopressin</span>
<br>–<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Paraventricular&#x20;nc"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">oxytocin</span><br>""Pituitary connection to the hypothalamus:<br>–<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Supraoptic nc</span>➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vasopressin</span>
<br>–<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Paraventricular nc</span> ➡️ <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">oxytocin</span><br><br>
"
Arterial supply of hypothalamus<br>"Posterior cerebral artery ( one of the central brs of circle of willis."
"The brain is derived from the cranial part of the neural tube (<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ectodermal"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in origin).""The brain is derived from the cranial part of the neural tube (<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ectodermal</span> in origin).<br>
"
"hypothalamus development<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""forebrain"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>&nbsp;➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""diencephalon"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>&nbsp;➡️ hypothalamus&nbsp;➡️(cavity) 3rd ventricle""hypothalamus development<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">forebrain</span>&nbsp;➡️ <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">diencephalon</span>&nbsp;➡️ hypothalamus&nbsp;➡️(cavity) 3rd ventricle<br>
"
"secondary vesicles of the forebrain :<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""telencephalon&lt;br&gt;diencephalon"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br>""secondary vesicles of the forebrain :<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">telencephalon<br>diencephalon</span><br><br>
"