Chapter one
1) Introduction
Over the years, various control systems have been designed to prevent
access to unauthorized user. The main reason for providing locks for
our buildings (home, office, church, school, etc) is for security of our
lives and property. It is therefore important to have a stress free and
convenient means of achieving this purpose.
Automatic doors have become a standard feature on many different
types of buildings and they are becoming increasingly popular every day
with respect to developing an effective electronic devices geared
towards providing sensor or ip modulation.
The purpose of automatic sliding door is used to opening, passing
through and closing door is now made easer with out the need of
touching the doors directly with use of automatic sliding doors. The
automatic slide door invented by law the will and lee Horton were not
the only kinds of automatic doors that exist. Many other types of doors
have also been patented and achieved commercially, they includes:automatic slide door, automatic swing doors, automatic folding doors
and automatic revolve doors.
Automatic sliding door is an automated barrier installed in the entry of a
room or building to restrict access or provide visual privacy. It works
with the use of motion sensors. This type of door is made for
commercial use but now a days there are residential homes who also
install this type of sliding door for convenience purpose. As a result of
enhanced or increase civilization and modernization, the human nature
demands more comfort to his life. The man seeks ways to do things
easily and which saves time. so thus the automatic gates are one of the
examples that human nature invert to bring comfort and ease in its daily
life.
The benefits of automatic sliding door are for handicapped people who
have the difficulty with doors, it provides easy and safety especially for
disable persons.
2) Statement of the problem
Models with electric sliding doors can develop problems with the door mechanism. The cable
in the door becomes frayed, which will damage the electric motor.
Although the controller can function as use expected, but the
performance is slightly takes time about 3 or 4 seconds to open and
close the automatic door.
If there is no power supply or no light the automatic door does not give
function.
This we need to over come to achieve during the power supply is not
available by using solar energy.
3) Objective
General objective
The objective of automatic sliding door is to learn in detail about how
the automatic sliding door works, to understand the concepts involved
to and to design a simple model to show the system work. Activities
involved in this project are the search done on how automatic sliding
door works, sketching a detailed circuit of the gates, programming and
design circuit diagram
The automatic slide door invented by law the will and lee Horton were
not the only kinds of automatic doors that exist. Many other types of
doors have also been
Patented and achieved commercially, they includes: Automatic slide door, automatic swing doors, automatic
Folding doors and automatic revolve doors
Sub objective
The sub objective of automatic sliding door is : To know or understand the function of this door well.
 To decrease time consumption with in short period of time.
 To follow modern or civilization life
4) methodology
The development of automatic sliding door is divided into the following
parts:1. Circuit design:-we are going to design our circuit by using both
block diagram and circuit diagram.
2. Microcontroller program of the developed circuit, by using
compiler to check the out put.
3. Testing the program results.
4. After the program results we are going to implement the
hardware and software development.
 Hardware development parts:-are all the necessary parts
which is
Designed and analyzed practically.
 Software developments parts:-are developing the software
which loaded to the microcontroller control.
Format of sliding door
Characteristics of sliding door
Hard ware part of asd
5) paper lay out
Chapter two
Literature review
The historical records of doors include King Solomon's temple doors.
These were made of Olive wood, as were many doors of the past. In
India, there were ancient stone doors found. These had pivots on each
end, which then fit into sockets. These doors swung open and shut,
similar to saloon doors of the old west, but not as quickly.
The Greeks and Romans used many styles of doors; single, double,
sliding, or folding. These doors, as well as many others found
throughout Europe's past, were made of bronze. This seemed to be the
going material for doors, according to historical records.
The Doors of today can be made of just from any material found on
Earth; wood, metal, plastic, glass, paper, and even fabric. They usually
serve the purpose of keeping something in or out. There are interior and
exterior doors; automatic and manual doors, plus real and false doors.
Automatic and Manual -There are usually manual doors found in
houses. These are the ones that need to have a lever lifted or knob
turned, then pulled or pushed by hand in order to open. Automatic
doors are a feature that has only been around since 1954, but wasn't
first installed until 1960. These were doors for buildings and a mat on
the ground which activated the opening. Today, most automatic doors
have sensors which trigger the opening. Electric garage door openers
were first sold in the year of 1926, today, these also have sensors. Some
revolving doors of today are even automatic, instead of the traditional
manual style.
Block diagram of asd
DRIVING UNIT
Using Transistor
Single direction control
If you want to rotate your motor in only one direction, then this is the
easiest way to do so. Here power transistor is used as a switch to turn a
motor on or off depending upon the applied voltage at base. Its circuit is
shown below. The same motor driver circuit is used in making a simple line
follower robot.
Induction motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, dc motors
CONTROL UNIT
Convertor triggering unit for field oriented control, brushless dc control
Motor selection
An electric motor for a given drive application is that it meet the power
level and performance required by the load during steady-state and
dynamic operation.
DC motor
Dc motor is used for the application of high starting torque, low-speed.
Gear ratio less than one (gear ratio<1)
It’s a motor that will do some work if we feed it some dc voltage.
Reversing the dc supply voltage polarity will make it run in a reverse
direction
Ultrasonic sensor
An ultrasonic sensor utilizes a transducer that produces an electrical
output in response to received ultrasonic energy. An ultrasonic sensor is
used as an obstacle detection sensor for detecting obstacle by
transmitting and receiving an ultrasonic wave. A typical ultrasonic
sensor is designed to emit an ultrasonic pulse toward an object to be
detected to receive a reflected wave, which is reflected on the object, to
measure a period of time from the ultrasonic pulse emitting time to the
reflected wave receiving time to detect the object. An ultrasonic sensor
comprises at least one ultrasonic transducer which transforms electrical
energy into sound and, in reverse, sound into electrical energy, a
housing enclosing the ultrasonic transducer or transducers, an electrical
connection and, and an electronic circuit for signal processing also
enclosed in the housing. The ultrasonic sensor has a piezoelectric
vibrator. The piezoelectric vibrator vibrates to transmit an ultrasonic
wave and receives a reflected wave from an obstacle, so that an obstacle
can be detected.
Ultrasonic sensor
Ultrasonic sensors use sound waves rather than light, making them ideal
for stable detection of uneven surfaces, liquids, clear objects, and
objects in dirty environments. These sensors work well for applications
that require precise measurements between stationary and moving
objects.
Ultrasonic sensors provide excellent repeatability and linearity in
detecting the precise position of objects. The sensors provide high
precision performance on any material of any color, irrespective of
external light levels.
They produce accurate results even when used with highly transparent
objects such as film or glass surfaces and are completely unaffected by
normal levels of soiling on the sensor surface. The sensors are also
characterized by high sound intensity that makes it possible to detect
even the smallest of objects with extremely high reliability.
This ability to maintain outstanding performance and reliability, even
with the presence of suspended
particles or water vapor, means that ultrasonic sensors are in daily use
all over the World in a diverse range of demanding industrial
applications.
Limit switch
It is a type of mechanical sensor that requires physical contact to detect
the presence or absence of an object. Limit switches are the first type of
sensor to be used. Switches are commonly employed as input devices to
indicate the presence or absence of a particular condition in a system or
process that is being monitored and/or controlled. In motorized
electromechanical systems, limit switches provide the function of
making and breaking electrical contacts and consequently electrical
circuits. A limit switch is configured to detect when a system's element
has moved to a certain position. A system operation is triggered when a
limit switch is tripped
Microcontroller
It is a low-power, high-performance 8-bit microcomputer with 8k bytes
of programmable and erasable read only memory (perom). The device is
manufactured using high-density memory technology. The on-chip flash
allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a
conventional memory programmer.
Automatic Sliding Doors
Our process and recommendations
Automatic sliding doors are a great feature to add to your business factory or home. We
assist with the design and installation of automatic doors and sliding doors in Sydney. Our
team use tested door operators that are affordable and easy to install. We use the best
products and materials to make your automatic doors and can modify any design to suit
your needs.
We find the best product for you
There are many options for you to choose from and we will always find doors that suit your
house or business completely. We’ve taken on a number of sliding gates and
new installation projects for a range of clients, all of whom are ready to recommend our
products and services. We have recently started to sell our auto door systems to local
builders and shop fitters around the country who can install our simple systems.
Repairs and Servicing
Talbot Automatic Doors and Gates are committed to providing you with the best service.
We offer a 24 hour repair service, so if there is a problem with your doors you won’t have
to wait long to get them fixed. We also recommend taking advantage of our ongoing
maintenance service. It’s important to maintain your doors after installation, so any
problems that may arise can be noticed before they cause any major damage or problems
for you.
Summary of Sensor Types – TORMAX | Automatic Door Systems
Infrared and microwave door sensors as well as industrial door sensors. Editor’s Note: This
article is an overview of
AT89C51 TYPE OF MICROCONTROLLER
Software programme
$NOMOD51
$INCLUDE (8051.MCU)
;#include<reg51.h>
;sw1 sbit p1^4
;sw2 sbit p1^5
;sw3 sbit p1^6
;sw4 sbit p1^7
;usw sbit p1^0
;int fwd;
;int stop;
;int rev;
;void main()
;{
;Fwd=0xAA;
;Stop=0;
;Rev=x55;
;while(1)
;{
;if(us)
;{
;while(sw1&&sw3)
;{
;p2=fwd;
;}
;p2=stop;
;while(us)
;while(sw2&&sw4)
;{
;p2=rev;
;}
;p2=stop;
;
}
; }
;}
End;
Key words
sw=limit switch
us=ultra sonic sensor
sb=bit assigned
int=integer
fwd=forward
rev=reverse
1^4=1.4
p=port
Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers when they both send and receive, but more generally
called transducers) work on a principle similar to radar or sonar whichevaluate attributes of a target by interpreting
the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively. Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and
evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor. Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the
signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object.
This technology can be used for measuring wind speed and direction (anemometer), tank or channel level, and speed
through air or water. For measuring speed or direction a device uses multiple detectors and calculates the speed
from the relative distances to particulates in the air or water. To measure tank or channel level, the sensor measures
the distance to the surface of the fluid. Further applications include: humidifiers, sonar, medical
ultrasonography, burglar alarms and non-destructive testing.
Systems typically use a transducer which generates sound waves in the ultrasonic range, above 18,000 hertz, by
turning electrical energy into sound, then upon receiving the echo turn the sound waves into electrical energy which
can be measured and displayed.
The technology is limited by the shapes of surfaces and the density or consistency of the material. Foam, in
particular, can distort surface level readings.[1]
Contents
[hide]
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1 Transducers
2 Use in medicine
3 Use in industry
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Ultimate ultrasonic sensor solutions from SICK
Sound is a natural phenomenon which helps us to recognize our environment without physical contact over widely varying distances. SICK’s ultrasonic
sensors use sound to accurately detect objects and measure distances. These sensors provide outstanding background suppression to reliably detect
objects, regardless of the object’s appearance. The output used – switching, analog or both – is determined based on your application requirements.
UM30-2
The universal application solver
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Integrated time-of-flight technology detects objects such as glass, liquids and transparent
foils, independent of color
Range up to 8,000 mm
Display enables fast and flexible sensor adjustment
Immune to dust, dirt and fog
Available with combined analog and digital outputs
Synchronization and multiplexing
Adjustable sensitivity
Three operation modes: Distance to Object (DtO), Window (Wnd) or Object between sensor
and background (OBSB)
Show ultrasonic sensors UM30-2 in catalog
UM18
Simple set up, perfect detection
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Reliable measurement independent of material color, transparency, gloss and ambient light
Four ranges up to 1,300 mm
Short metal or plastic M18 housing with a length of 41 mm
Straight or right-angle version
High immunity to dirt, dust, humidity and fog
PNP/NPN switching output, analog output or push-pull switching output with IO-Link
Synchronization and multiplex modes are available
Show ultrasonic sensors UM18 in catalog
UM12
Small sensor, great benefits
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Reliable measurement, regardless of material color, transparency, gloss, or ambient light
Very short and rugged M12 metal housing
Variants with PNP/NPN switching output or analog output
Immune to dirt, dust, humidity, and fog
Detection, measurement, or positioning with ultrasound technology
Cable teach-in
Show ultrasonic sensors UM12 in catalog
UC12
Ultrasonic technology housed in an industry-proven design
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Object detection independent of material color and ambient light – even transparent foils,
glass, liquids and bottles are reliably detected
Fast and easy teach-in with single push-button
Immune to dirt, dust and fog
Two ambivalent switching outputs (Q, ¯Q)
Excellent background suppression
Three operation modes: Distance to Object (DtO), Window (Wnd) or Object between sensor
and background (OBSB)
Show ultrasonic sensors UC12 in catalog
UC4
Small, precise, ultrasonic
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Integrated time-of-flight technology detects objects such as glass, liquids and transparent
foils, independent of color
Three operation modes: Distance to Object (DtO),Window (Wnd) or Object between sensor
and background (OBSB)
Immunity to dirt, dust and fog
One PNP/NPN switching output
Excellent background suppression
Show ultrasonic sensors UC4 in catalog
UM18
Highly efficient double sheet detection for your print job
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Double sheet detection of foils, metal sheets and corrugated cardboard with F, N and G flute
sizes
Installation distance 37 mm ... 43 mm
Automatic adjustment, plug and play operation
Color-independent detection
Two switching outputs for double and miss-fed sheets
Show double sheet detectors UM18 in catalog
UP56-2
Ultrasonic level sensor: tough, non-contact, pressure-resistant
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Non-contact level measurement up to 3.4 m operating distance / 8.0 m limit scanning
distance
Pressure resistant up to 6 bar (87 psi)
Transducer protected by PVDF cover for increased resistance
3-in-1: continuous level measurement, level switch and display
Analog output switchable between 4 … 20 mA and 0 …10 V
Process connector thread G 1 and G 2
IP 67 enclosure rating
Easy to set parameters, also via connect+
Ultrasonic Sensors for R&D, Machinery and Industrial Automation
Distance Measurement for Level, Proximity and Ranging
Measures by Reflected Ultrasound
(non-contact)
Typical Uses:
Liquid level
Motion control
Roll diameter
Loop control
Solids level
People detection
Security
Features & Benefits:
Measures distance or proximity
Short or long range
Nothing touches the target object
Works with hard or soft materials
High Sensitivity for "soft" materials like cloth and non-wovens
Unaffected by object color or any other optical characteristic
Wide environmental range
Proximity sensing
Dimensioning
Positioning
and much more...
Multi-sensor systems & networks
Easy setup - Both Push-button or Personal Computer options are
available
Multiple outputs for display and control
Ultrasonic Sensors
Ultrasonic sensors use sound waves rather than light, making them ideal for stable
detection of uneven surfaces, liquids, clear objects, and objects in dirty environments.
These sensors work well for applications that require precise measurements between
stationary and moving objects.
U-GAGE QT50U Ultrasonic Sensors
Long-range programmable, precision ultrasonic sensor
View Product »
U-GAGE S18U Ultrasonic Sensors
Compact ultrasonic sensor in straight or right-angle housing.
View Product »
U-GAGE T30UX Ultrasonic Sensors
Compact, right-angle ultrasonic sensors with built-in temperature
compensation. Available in analog or configurable discrete models.
View Product »
U-GAGE T30U Ultrasonic Sensors
Compact, right-angle ultrasonic sensors in either dual-discrete or
analog/discrete outputs
View Product »
WORLD-BEAM QS18 Ultrasonic Sensors
Low-cost ultrasonic sensor in popular WORLD-BEAM housing
View Product »
U-GAGE M25U Ultrasonic Sensors
Waterproof, stainless steel, ultrasonic sensors were purpose-built to deliver
flawless operation in food processing and other sanitary industries.
View Product »
U-GAGE T18U Ultrasonic Sensors
Fast response opposed-mode ultrasonic sensor, for clear objects
View Product »
U-GAGE Q45U Ultrasonic Sensors
U-GAGE ULTRA-BEAM Ultrasonic Sensors
U-GAGE Q45UR Remote Ultrasonic Sensors
The Autoslide sensor sensitivity can be adjusted easily using a small flat head
screwdriver.
There are 2 types of Autoslide infra-red motion sensors: Wireless and HardWired
The Wireless battery operated
versions are recommended for use as hand-wave sensors or pet sensors
where only a short infra-red beam is required. These wireless sen
sors work with 9V batteries and depending on usage, the battery life in a
wireless sensor is approximately 3-6 months or less with frequent use. The
motion sensors included in the Autoslide Motion Sensor Pet Door Kits are all
battery operated wireless sensors.
Hard-wired motion sensors have a much stronger beam length which can be
adjusted to suit. ie. Shorten the beam to adult height only to prevent children
or pets activating the sensor.
The hard-wired sensors were designed for human use (instead of pets). The
motion sensors included in the Autoslide Lifestyle Kits and Ultimate Bundles
are all hard-wired sensors.
REFERENCES:
[1] Hamptons Green Alliance (2008). Smart home systems save energy,
reduce home
operating expenses, provide increased comfort while helping our environment.
Retrieved
from http://www.hamptonsgreenalliance.org/build/systems.html
[2] Custom Controls (1998). Smart Home Automation & Entertainment
System. Retrieved
from http://www.customcontrols.co.uk/
[3] N.A. (n.d). Retrieved from
http://www.bryant.com/products/controls/evolution.shtml
[4] Smarthome Australia (1998). Home Automation Feature Products.
Retrieved from
http://www.smarthome.com.au/
[5] Yahoo! Voice (n.d). Basic Types of Fire Detectors. Retrieved from
http://voices.yahoo.com/basic-types-fire-detectors-2026783.html
[6] Hotfrog (n.d). Security Systems Malaysia. Retrieved from
http://www .hotfrog.com.my/Companies/ACD-Security-Systems/SecuritySystems-Malaysia-9867
[7] Fotosearch (n.d). Security System Stock Photos and Images. Retrieved
from
http://www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/security-system.html
[8] Kroll, Karen. (April 7, 2010). Home energy management can save you
money.
Retrieved from http://www.bankrate.com/finance/personal-finance/homeenergy-management-can- save-you-money-1.aspx
[9] R.Jakkula, Vikramaditya, J.Cook, Diane, & Jain, Gaurav. (N.D.). Prediction
Models for a
Smart Home based Health Care System. Retrieved from
http://eecs.wsu.edu/~cook/pubs/st07.pdf
[10] N.A. (n.d). Retrieve from http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovationunion/pdf/active-healthy- ageing/20120403_adamo.pdf
[11] CaretekSistemi Group (n.d). Three EIP-AHA actions we are able to
contribute by now.
Retrieved from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fce/pubs/floor-short.pdf
[12] Freshome (2007). Smart toilet system that uses shower water for
flushing. Retrieved
fromhttp://freshome.com/2009/02/06/smart-toilet-system-that-uses-showerwater-for-flushing/
61
[13] Davey, Patrick. (February 17, 2011). ECG (electrocardiogram). Retrieved
from
http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/examinations/ecg.htm
[14] N.A. (n.d). Reteieved from
www.eng.tau.ac.il/.../Smart_Medical_Home%20-%20SPIE2007.ppt
[15] Alibaba.com (n.d). Intelligent Sound Pill Boz. Retrieved from
http://www.alibaba.com/productfree/101554847/Intelligent_Sound_Pill_Box.html
[16] Carolan, MD. Patrick L. (October 10, 2010). Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome.
Retrieved Retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/sids/article.htm
[17] American SIDS Institute. (n.d). A Message from the Chairman. Retrieved
April from
http://www.sids.org/
[18]
Baker, Chris. Armijo, Kenneth. Benhabib, Merwan& Rosa Matt.
Retrieved from
http://128.32.63.27/Publications/2007/Paul%20Wright/Wireless%20Sensor.Ne
tworks.pd
f
[19] Microchip (1987). PIC16F87XA Data Sheet. Retrieved from
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/ 39582b.pdf
[20] N.A. (n.d). Retrieved from http://datasheetreference.com/7805-regulatordatasheet.html
[21] N.A. (n.d). Retrieved from http://datasheetreference.com/7805-regulatordatasheet.html
[22] eHow Home, April Sanders (n.d). How Does a Motion Sensor Work?
Retrieved from
http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4596955_motion-sensor-work.html
[23] N.A. (May 17, 2011). http://www.ladyada.net/learn/sensors/pir.html
[24] National Semiconductor (1959). LM35, Precision Centigrade
Temperature Sensors
Datasheet. Retrieved from http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm35.pdf
[25] PhysLink.com (1995). How does a transistor work? Retrieve
fromhttp://www.physlink.com/education/ askexperts/ae430.cfm
[26] Advanced Acoustic Technology Corp. (2000). What is buzzer. Retrieved
from
http://www.buzzer-speaker.com/faq/what% 20is%20buzzer.htm
[27] Sensagent Corporation (2012). Magnetic Lock. Retrieved from
http://dictionary.sensagent.com/magnetic+lock/en-en/
62
[28] Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility (1972). Spotlight on
RFID.
Retrieved from http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/ RFID/what_is_rfid.asp
[29] Tracking Management Systems (1991). Two Main Types of RFID Tags.
Retrieved from
http://www.techstore.ie/Tracking/articles/Types-of-RFID-Tags.htm
[30] InfordataSistemi (1980). What advantages offers RFID compared to bar
codes or
magnetic stripe cards? Retrieved from
http://www.infordata.pro/support/index/detail/id/55
[31] Cytron Technologies (2004). RFID READER RFID-IDR-232N User
Manual. Retrieved
from http://www.cytron.com.my/usr_attachment/RFID-IDR
232N_User%27s_Manual.pdf
[32] Wikipedia (2001). Programming Language. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language
[33] Cprogramming.com (1997). The Tower of Babel – A Comparison
Programming
Languages. Retrieved from http://www.cprogramming.com/langs.html
[34] Microchip (1987). MPLAB IDE User’s Guide MPLAB Editor and MPLAB
SIM
Simulator. Retrieved from
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/MPLAB_User_Guide_515
19c.pdf
[35] Microchip (1987). PICkit 2 Development Programmer/Debugger.
Retrieved from
http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId
=1406&
dDocName=en023805
For further readings:
[1] Richard Harper (Ed.). (2003). Inside the smart home. London:
SpringerVerlagBerlin
Heidelberg.
[2] Jerold Leslie. (n.d.). 5 smart-home systems: From cheap to ultraluxe.
Retrieved from
http://realestate.msn.com/5-smart-home-systems-from-cheap-to-ultraluxe.
[3] MikroElektronika (1997). PIC Microcontrollers. Retrieved from
http://www.mikroe.com/eng/products/view/11/book-pic-microcontrollers/
REFERENCES
Access Automation, LTD. 2006. “Commercial Barriers”.
Sommerset, UK. http://www.access-automation.co.uk.
Baruwa, Olatunde. T. 2004. “Design and Construction of a
Microprocessor Based Automatic Gate”. Unpublished B.Sc.
Project. Lagos State University: Epe, Nigeria.
Hall, Douglas V. 1991. Microprocessors and Interfacing
Programming and Hardware. 2nd edition.Gregg College
Division: New York, NY.
Krutz, R.L. 1980. Microprocessor and Logic Design. John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, NY.
Leventhal, Lance A. 1978. 8080A, 8085 Assembly Language
Programming. McGraw-Hill, Inc: New York, NY.
McGlynn, Daniel R. 1976. Microprocessor Technology and
Application. John Wiley & Sons, Inc: New York, NY.
Philips ECG. 2000. ECG Data Book. Bloomfield, NJ.
Private Door Openers. 2006. “Private Door Information”.
Lombard, IL. http://www.privatedoor.com.
Stewart, P.M. 1983. “Techniques for Vehicle Detection Report”.
Unpublished.
Theraja, A.K and Theraja, B.K, 1999. Electrical Technology.
3rd Edition. S. Chand and Co.: New Delhi, India.
Tocci, Ronald J. and Neal S.Widmer. 1998. Digital Systems;
Principles and Application. 7th Edition.Prentice-Hall
International: Princeton, NJ.
Tokheim, Roger L. 1988. Digital Electronics; Principles and
Applications. 5th Edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc: New York, NY.
CONCLUSION
The design and implementation of a
microcomputer system had been achieved in this
project. This design can be easily adapted to any
electric gate and any form of control which
requires the use of sensors. To effectively design
this kind of system, it is necessary to understand
the basic sensor characteristics, microprocessor
input and output interfacing, and assembly
language principles, utilized in the system plan.
Sensors serve as a transducer for vehicle
detection while the programming language is
fundamental to software design based on the
system requirements, specifications, and planned
operation of the system. There is total agreement
between the system designed and the required
operation of the system.
Every good project has limitations; the limitation of
this design lies in the effectiveness of the sensor.
The sensor will work most effectively if operated
under high intensity light. The automatic gate
designed in this research can be employed in
organizations, public car parks, residential parking
lots, and automobile termini where no form of
security measure is required.
RECOMMENDATION
For an improved, effective, and security gate
system to be implemented and achieved, the
following suggestions should be considered for
further work.
1. A form of vehicle identification should be
provided for security purposes. For instance where
a vehicle stands still at the focus of the sensors.
2. A better sensor is recommended to achieve new
functionality. For instance, a suitable sensor such
as radar sensor that could detect contraband
goods in any vehicle.
Chapter Outline
This report consists of 5 chapters. Brief descriptions of each chapter are
given below.
Chapter 1 – Introduction
This chapter gives an overview of the entire project including project
motivation,
project objective, and project schedule.
Chapter 2 – Literature Review
This chapter reviews the development of intelligent home system and
technologies of
intelligent home system also been discussed.
Chapter 3 – Hardware Design
The detail on how the Printed Circuit Board been designed and what
materials and
components are selected to construct an Intelligent Home System will be
discussed
in this chapter.
Chapter 4 – Software Development
The software of embedded system design of the final design’s program
flow is
explained in detail in this chapter.
Chapter 5– Result and Discussion
The result of each module displayed on LCD will be showed in picture
and the
problems encountered during the implementation of the project will be
covered.
Chapter 6 – Conclusion
Lastly, summarized the overall achievement of the thesis and provides
some
recommendation for future work.
Compiler
A kill is professional software to compile C code into HEX fi
Gear and chain
8051 Macro Assembler
A Freeware Program for DOS, Windows and Linux
ASEM-51 is a two-pass macro assembler for the Intel MCS51 family of microcontrollers. It is running on the PC under MSDOS, Windows and Linux. The ASEM-51 assembly language is
based on the standard Intelsyntax, and implements conditional
assembly, macros, and includes file processing. The assembler
can output object code in Intel-HEX or IntelOMF-51 format as
well as a detailed list file. The ASEM-51 package includes
support for more than two hundred 8051 derivatives, a bootstrap
program for MCS-51 target boards, and documentation in ASCII
and HTML format. And it is free ...
ASEM-51 tools
ASEM-51 is a great tool. It's the only free MCS-51 assembler which both runs on
Linux and supports macros.
However it lacks some features that are commonly found in modern toolchains:
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it does not provide any way to check that the memory was allocated as
expected, neither gives it any memory usage statistics.
it does not allow defining user segments. Such segments are useful if we want
to allocate together resources defined in different files.
I first asked the ASEM-51 author W.W. Heinz if he could give me the ASEM-51
source code in order I can add these features. He refused. So I decided to write two
external tools which implement the features I need on top of ASEM-51.
Both tools are written in C, each contain only one file and does not use any external
library. I believe this will help anyone who wants to compile them on non Linux
platforms. I used GCC, few changes may be necessary to compile with other
compilers. I did not use lex/yacc in order to make the code easy to port, as a result the
parse rules are not easy to understand.
You are free to modify and use the tools as you want. I hope my comments in the
code will help.
There are no license or distribution rules.
I don't guarantee any help or maintainance.
Obviously there is no warranty.
It would be nice to send me fixes if you find some of numerous bugs I certainly
missed.
ASEM_ALLOC.C
The tool asem_alloc.c checks the memory allocation rules (my own rules).
ASEM-51 defines five segments : DSEG, CSEG, BSEG, ISEG, XSEG
The rules:



none of segments can overlap
ISEG is only allowed in 80-FF addresses
however BSEG can overlap other segments
These rules are checked in the StoreDataByte() function. You can modify it if yours
are different.
The tool reads from stdin a listing file produced by ASEM-51 and writes on stdout a
report of the memory usage and allocation errors.
There are no online options.
Usage:
asem_alloc < inputfile > outputfile
Your assembler files should have been assembled with the following controls:



$CONDONLY ; only list really assembled lines
$GENONLY ; only list really assembled macro lines
$NOTABS ; use spaces instead of tabs in the list file
ASEMPP.C
The tool asempp.c is a pre-processor (like CPP for C/C++) which implements userdefined segments. The original code is instrumented to implement the user segments
with help of SEG/ORG statements and labels. The output file is a concatenation of all
input 'included' files. It can be assembled by ASEM-51 and possibly checked with
ASEM_ALLOC.
Unfortunately the original line numbers are lost, ASEM-51 does not implement CPPlike 'pragmas' to overide filenames and line numbers.
The instrumented code checks user segment boundaries. Expressions can be used
inside ASEMPP statements, they are copied as is into the output file. The preprocessor does not perform any expression evaluation, everything is passed to ASEM51.
I tried to follow the ASEM-51 parse rules such as case insensitive names. The
ASEM51INC environment variable is also supported.
USAGE:
asempp
inputfile
outputfile
SYNTAX
SEG segment_name IN xSEG AT first_addr, last_addr
define a segment named allocated in the ASEM-51 segment
xSEG with defined absolute address boundaries.
SEG segment_name
switch to an already defined segment
xSEG denotes one of DSEG, CSEG, BSEG, ISEG, XSEG
ORG command can be used in the user segments, even if I don't see why someone
would do that.
The allocation rule inside every segment is the same as in built-in ASEM-51 ones: the
allocation counter is incremented in a linear way. An error is thrown if allocation
exceeds the segment's boundaries.
User segments can overlap. If you are not happy with that you can add the required
checks to the AddNewUserSegment() function. I use asem_alloc to check all that.
User segments does not prevent ASEM-51 from allocating built-in segments inside
the user defined ones. To avoid these problems the entire built-in segments should be
covered by user defined not overlapping segments. As used defined segments check
their boundaries they will never overlap.
compiler
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Related Terms
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object
source
object code
code
source code
bytecode
KLOC
source code manager
source code control system
SLOC
)A program that translates source code into object code. The compiler derives its name from the way it works, looking at the entire
piece of source code and collecting and reorganizing the instructions. Thus, a compiler differs from an interpreter, which analyzes
and executes each line of source code in succession, without looking at the entire program. The advantage of interpreters is that
they can execute a program immediately. Compilers require some time before an executable program emerges. However, programs
produced by compilersrunmuch faster than the same programs executed by an interpreter.
Every high-level programming language (except strictly interpretive languages) comes with a compiler. In effect, the compiler is
the language, because it defines which instructions are acceptable.
Because compilers translate source code into object code, which is unique for each type of computer, many compilers are available
for the same language. For example, there is a FORTRAN compiler for PCs and another for Apple Macintosh computers. In
addition, the compiler industry is quite competitive, so there are actually many compilers for each language on each type of
computer. More than a dozen companies develop and sellCcompilers for the PC.
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A compiler is a special program that processes statements written in a particular programming language and
turns them into machine language or "code" that a computer'sprocessor uses. Typically, a programmer writes
language statements in a language such asPascal or C one line at a time using an editor . The file that is
created contains what are called the source statements . The programmer then runs the appropriate
language compiler, specifying the name of the file that contains the source statements.
When executing (running), the compiler first parses (or analyzes) all of the language statements syntactically
one after the other and then, in one or more successive stages or "passes", builds the output code, making
sure that statements that refer to other statements are referred to correctly in the final code. Traditionally,
the output of the compilation has been called object code or sometimes an object module . (Note that the
term "object" here is not related to object-oriented programming .) The object code ismachine code that the
processor can process or "execute" one instruction at a time.
More recently, the Java programming language, a language used in object-oriented programming , has
introduced the possibility of compiling output (called bytecode ) that can run on any computer system
platform for which a Java virtual machine or bytecode interpreter is provided to convert the bytecode into
instructions that can be executed by the actual hardware processor. Using this virtual machine, the bytecode
can optionally be recompiled at the execution platform by a just-in-time compiler .
Traditionally in some operating systems, an additional step was required after compilation - that of resolving
the relative location of instructions and data when more than one object module was to be run at the same
time and they cross-referred to each other's instruction sequences or data. This process was sometimes
called linkage editing and the output known as a load module .
A compiler works with what are sometimes called 3GL and higher-level languages. Anassembler works on
programs written using a processor's assembler language.
History automatic sliding door
History of Automatic Doors
Heron Invents First Automatic Door
Alexandria, Egypt - About 2000 years ago Heron of
Alexandria a.k.a. Hero was a great mathematician and
mechanics inventor that was born around 10 AD. Some
historians say earlier and some say later. Although it seems no
one can agree exactly when Heron was born, the scientific
community recognizes the important contributions this man has
made to civilization or could have made if discovered sooner.
Heron authored two books know as the Pneumatica. His work
was lost for some centuries, but when found it described his
theories and his experiments and constructive works in
pneumatics, steam and water pressure. One can only wonder if human civilization would have
mechanized sooner if his works were not lost.
Heron describes in detail and through drawings many mechanical devices operated by air, water or steam
pressure. Most of these devices he actually constructed. These include a steam turbine engine he called
an aeolipile (Greek for wind ball), a toy jet propelled vehicle, automated dancing puppets, a steam
powered fire engine, a water clock, heavy lifting machines, a coin operated vending machine, a pipe
organ and a machine to automatically change scenery in the cities theatre. One of Heron's designs for a
steam engine was discovered in 1668. Heron's designs may have served as inspiration to Thomas
Savery who invented a steam engine in 1698 to pump water from mine shafts. Later Thomas Watt
invented the modern piston driven steam engine in 1765.
But back to automatic doors........ Heron describes not one, but two different automatic door
applications. The first application used heat from a fire lit by the city's temple priest. After, a few
hours atmospheric pressure built up in a brass vessel causing it to pump water into adjacent holding
containers. These holding containers acted as weights, that through a series of ropes and pulleys would
open the temple's doors, at just about the time people were to arrive for prayer. Heron used a similar
application to open the gates to the city.
Reference
www.EDSdoors.com
Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt invented the sliding automatic door in 1954.
www.DORMA-USA.com
www.info.com/Automatic+Slide+Door
www.alibaba.com/Automatic-Door
Automatic sliding door
http://edsdoors.com/
The idea came to Lew Hewitt and Dee Horton to build an automatic sliding door back in the mid-1950's, when they realized
that swing doors had difficulty operating in windy Corpus Christi. So Lew and Dee set out to invent the automatic sliding door
to circumvent the windy conditions.
Horton Automatics Inc. was formed in 1960, placing the first commercial automatic sliding door on the market and literally
establishing a brand-new industry.
BESAM UltraView • • •
ACUMOTION A has the advantage because:
1. Adjustments for non-vertical surfaces
2. Power is less than 2 watts @ 12 VDC
3.No external programming device required
4. No lenses to swap out