Student name as per last qualifying mark
sheet
Enrolment Number
Course Name
Semester Applied For
Subject Name
Subject Code
Examination Start Date
Answer sheet Submission Date
ABDUL ARBAAZ
IIMTS/IND/PGPSE/AAA1220963/01B21
PROFESSIONAL GRADUATE
PROGRAMME IN SAFETY ENGINEERING
BATCH-B1220
SEM – IV
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
GPEH0901
8/12/23
15/12/23
PART – A
Question 1. List out what are the safety precautions to be followed in the
operation of the Forklift.
Answer) Absolutely, here's a comprehensive list of safety precautions for operating
a forklift:
1. Training and Certification: Ensure operators are properly trained, certified, and
authorized to use forklifts.
2. Pre-Operational Checks: Before use, inspect the forklift for any damage,
leaks, or malfunctions. Check brakes, steering, controls, tires, and warning
devices.
3. Appropriate Attire: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
such as a hard hat, high-visibility clothing, steel-toed boots, and gloves.
4. Seat Belt Use: Always fasten the seat belt while operating the forklift.
5. Load Capacity: Know the weight capacity of the forklift and never exceed it.
Properly secure loads and distribute weight evenly.
6. Stability: Keep the forklift stable by avoiding sharp turns, sudden stops, and
uneven surfaces. Use caution on ramps and inclines.
7. Clear Visibility: Ensure clear visibility by keeping the load at a safe height. Use
horns when approaching intersections or blind spots.
8. Pedestrian Safety: Watch out for pedestrians and maintain a safe distance.
Use designated walkways and be mindful of their presence.
9. Speed Control: Operate the forklift at a safe speed, especially in congested or
narrow areas.
10. Obey Traffic Signs: Follow traffic rules and signs within the workplace.
11. Avoid Overloading: Never carry more than the recommended load capacity.
12. Parking and Shutdown: Park the forklift in designated areas when not in use.
Lower the forks, apply the parking brake, and turn off the engine.
13. Refueling and Charging: Refuel or recharge batteries in designated areas
away from ignition sources and follow proper procedures.
14. Emergency Procedures: Know how to respond in case of emergencies, such
as fire or spills, and understand the location of emergency exits and
equipment.
15. Maintenance: Regularly maintain the forklift as per the manufacturer's
instructions. Report any issues immediately for repairs.
16. Avoid Horseplay: Never engage in horseplay or stunt driving with the forklift.
17. Follow Operating Guidelines: Adhere strictly to the forklift’s operating
instructions and guidelines.
18. Communication: Maintain clear communication with other operators,
supervisors, and workers to avoid collisions or accidents.
Following these precautions significantly reduces the risk of accidents and ensures a
safe environment for both operators and those working nearby.
Question 2) What are the Safety precautions to be followed in using EOT
crane.
Answer) Operating an Electric Overhead Travel (EOT) crane involves several critical
safety precautions to ensure the safety of personnel and property. Here's a
comprehensive list:
1. Training and Certification: Operators must undergo proper training and hold
certification to operate EOT cranes. They should be familiar with the
equipment, safety procedures, and emergency protocols.
2. Inspection before Use: Conduct pre-operational checks to inspect the crane
thoroughly. Check for any damage, wear, or malfunction in hoists, hooks,
wires, controls, and safety devices.
3. Load Capacity Awareness: Understand the crane's load capacity and never
exceed its limits. Use load charts and ensure the load is correctly balanced
and secured.
4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear appropriate PPE including
hard hats, safety glasses, gloves, and high-visibility clothing.
5. Clear Communication: Establish clear communication signals with other
personnel, spotters, or workers when moving loads. Use radios or hand
signals as necessary.
6. Secure Loads Properly: Ensure the load is properly attached and secured
using appropriate slings, hooks, or straps before lifting.
7. Observe Clearance: Be vigilant of overhead obstacles, power lines, and
other obstructions to avoid collisions. Maintain safe clearance distances.
8. Check Controls and Equipment: Verify that all controls and equipment are
in proper working condition before commencing operations.
9. Control Speed and Movements: Operate the crane at safe and controlled
speeds, especially when lifting or moving heavy loads or in congested areas.
Avoid sudden movements that may cause swinging of the load.
10. Avoid Overloading: Respect the crane's rated capacity and adhere to load
limits specified by the manufacturer.
11. Emergency Procedures: Be familiar with emergency shutdown procedures
and the location of emergency stops. React promptly to equipment
malfunctions or accidents.
12. Barricading and Signage: Erect barriers and use warning signs to prevent
unauthorized access to the operating area. Mark the operating zone clearly.
13. Regular Maintenance: Perform routine maintenance checks and promptly
address any issues or necessary repairs. Follow manufacturer-recommended
maintenance schedules.
14. Clear Work Area: Ensure the work area is clear of unnecessary personnel
and obstructions when operating the crane.
15. Parking and Shutdown: After use, park the crane in designated areas, lower
the load to the ground, and secure the controls to prevent unauthorized use.
16. Reporting: Report any safety hazards, near misses, or incidents to
supervisors immediately.
Adherence to these safety precautions significantly reduces the risks associated with
operating an EOT crane and ensures a safe working environment.
Question 3) Write a short note on: Derrick Crane safety.
Answer) Derrick cranes, known for their tall and robust structures, demand strict
adherence to safety guidelines due to their height, heavy lifting capabilities, and
potential risks. Safety protocols for these cranes are essential to safeguard workers,
prevent accidents, and maintain a secure working environment.
Key safety measures for Derrick Crane operations encompass:
1. Operator Training and Certification: Operators must receive thorough
training and obtain specific certifications for handling derrick cranes.
Proficiency in crane controls, load capacities, and safety procedures is
imperative.
2. Pre-Operational Inspections: Before use, conduct meticulous checks on the
crane's components, focusing on hoisting mechanisms, cables, hooks, and
safety devices. Identify and address any signs of wear, damage, or
malfunction.
3. Load Capacity Awareness: Understanding and adhering to the crane's load
capacity limits is critical. Follow load charts meticulously and ensure balanced
and secure loads before lifting.
4. Stable Foundations: Derrick cranes should be erected on stable and secure
foundations to prevent instability during operation. Regularly inspect and
maintain the crane's base and anchorage points.
5. Clearance and Safety Zones: Maintain adequate clearance from obstacles,
power lines, and other structures. Define and enforce safety zones around the
crane to restrict unauthorized access.
6. Safe Operating Procedures: Adhere to precise operating protocols,
especially during lifting, lowering, and maneuvering loads. Use clear and
standardized communication methods between operators and ground
personnel.
7. Weather Conditions: Monitor and respond to changing weather conditions.
Cease crane operations during adverse weather, such as high winds or
storms, to prevent accidents.
8. Emergency Preparedness: Have clear emergency protocols in place,
including shutdown procedures and rescue plans, to swiftly address accidents
or malfunctions.
9. Regular Maintenance: Implement routine maintenance schedules to ensure
the crane remains in optimal condition. Regularly service and inspect
components to prevent breakdowns or failures.
10. Reporting and Record-Keeping: Encourage the reporting of near-misses,
incidents, or safety concerns. Maintain comprehensive records of inspections,
maintenance, and incidents for future reference.
Prioritizing these safety measures in derrick crane operations significantly reduces
the risk of accidents, enhances workplace safety, and promotes a culture of vigilance
and responsibility among crane operators and personnel.
Question 4) List out different scaffolds used in construction industry
Answer) In the construction industry, various types of scaffolding are used to
provide temporary support, access, and platforms for workers and materials at
heights. Some common types of scaffolds include:
1. Tube and Coupler Scaffolding: Comprised of steel tubes connected with
couplers to create a framework. It offers flexibility and versatility in assembly
for various shapes and sizes.
2. Suspended Scaffolding: Hangs from the top of a structure, commonly used
for window washing or maintenance work on tall buildings. It includes
platforms suspended by ropes or cables.
3. Mobile Scaffolding: Also known as rolling scaffolding, it consists of movable
platforms supported by wheels or casters. It's ideal for tasks requiring
frequent relocation.
4. Cantilever Scaffolding: Employed when it's challenging to set up base
support directly under the construction, using needles and cantilevered
needles to support the platform.
5. Single-Frame Scaffolding: Features a single row of standards, ledgers, and
putlogs. It's economical, simple, and suitable for smaller construction or
maintenance projects.
6. Double-Frame Scaffolding: Similar to single-frame scaffolding but with
double rows of standards for added support and stability. It provides
increased load-bearing capacity.
7. Bamboo Scaffolding: Commonly used in Asia, bamboo poles are lashed
together to form a scaffold. It's lightweight, flexible, and eco-friendly.
8. Trestle Scaffolding: Consists of movable ladders or tripods with a working
platform. It's suitable for light maintenance or painting tasks at low heights.
9. System Scaffolding: Utilizes prefabricated components like frames and
braces that interlock or fit together, providing quicker assembly and increased
safety.
10. Cuplock Scaffolding: Incorporates a cup and blade arrangement, allowing
for quick and easy assembly. It's versatile and commonly used for both
access and support.
Each type of scaffold has its own advantages, suitability for different tasks, and
considerations regarding safety, cost, and ease of assembly. The choice of scaffold
depends on the specific requirements of the construction project and safety
regulations.
Question 5) Prepare a check list for ladder usage.
Answer) Before Use:
1. Inspection:
o
Check for any visible damage, cracks, bends, or missing parts.
o
Ensure all rungs/steps, side rails, and locking mechanisms are intact
and secure.
2. Load Capacity:
o
Confirm the ladder's duty rating is appropriate for your weight and the
tasks you'll perform.
o
Do not exceed the maximum weight capacity specified by the
manufacturer.
3. Placement:
o
Choose a level, stable surface free from slippery substances or
obstacles.
o
Make sure the ladder is positioned at the correct angle (1:4 ratio for
leaning ladders).
During Use:
4. Climbing Safety:
o
Face the ladder while climbing and use three points of contact (two
hands and one foot or two feet and one hand).
o
Maintain a firm grip and avoid carrying items that can cause loss of
balance.
5. Height Considerations:
o
Avoid standing on the top rung or step of the ladder.
o
Ensure the ladder extends at least three feet above the landing point to
provide a stable handhold while dismounting.
6. Stability:
o
Ensure the ladder is fully opened, locked, and secure before climbing.
o
Use the ladder's locking mechanisms to prevent accidental closure or
movement.
7. Environment:
o
Avoid using ladders in high winds or adverse weather conditions.
o
Stay away from electrical hazards; use non-conductive ladders near
power lines or electrical equipment.
After Use:
8. Cleaning and Storage:
o
Remove any debris, mud, or liquids from the ladder to prevent slipping
hazards for the next user.
o
Store the ladder in a dry, secure area, away from moisture or direct
sunlight.
9. Reporting Issues:
o
Report any damage, wear, or issues noticed during use to the
appropriate personnel for repair or replacement.
10. Training:
•
Ensure anyone using the ladder is adequately trained in ladder safety
practices.
Regular maintenance, inspection, and proper use of ladders are crucial for
preventing accidents and ensuring workplace safety. Always follow the
manufacturer's guidelines and safety instructions specific to the ladder type being
used.
Question 6) What are the checks to be made by a crane operator before
operation.
Answer) Before operating a crane, a comprehensive set of checks should be
conducted to ensure its safety and proper functionality. Here are the key checks a
crane operator should perform before operation:
1. Visual Inspection:
o
Check for any visible damage, cracks, or deformities on the crane's
structure, components, and cables.
o
Inspect hooks, slings, and attachments for wear, deformities, or signs
of damage.
2. Fluid Levels:
o
Check hydraulic fluid, engine oil, coolant, and fuel levels as per the
manufacturer's guidelines.
o
Ensure there are no leaks in any of the fluid systems.
3. Controls and Instruments:
o
Verify that all control mechanisms, levers, switches, and instruments
are functioning properly.
o
Test controls for responsiveness and smooth operation.
4. Safety Devices:
o
Ensure all safety devices, such as limit switches, overload protection,
and emergency stops, are functional.
o
Test the functionality of warning alarms and lights.
5. Wire Ropes and Cables:
o
Inspect wire ropes and cables for wear, broken strands, kinks, or
damage.
o
Check for proper reeving and ensure they are properly lubricated.
6. Load Limit Indicators:
o
Check load limit indicators and ensure they are accurately calibrated.
o
Verify that load charts are available and applicable to the crane's
configuration.
7. Outriggers and Stabilizers:
o
Verify that outriggers or stabilizers are in good condition and deploy
them properly if required for stability.
8. Tires or Tracks:
o
Inspect tires or tracks for wear, damage, or proper inflation as
applicable to the crane type.
9. Emergency Equipment:
o
Ensure the crane is equipped with necessary emergency equipment
such as fire extinguishers and first aid kits.
10. Documentation:
o
Verify that all necessary documentation, including operator's manual,
maintenance records, and certifications, are available and up-to-date.
11. Weather Conditions:
o
Assess weather conditions to determine if they are suitable for safe
crane operation.
12. Clearance and Obstructions:
o
Ensure there are no obstructions or overhead hazards that could
interfere with crane movement.
13. Permit to work:
o Ensure PTW is obtained in order to operate, the site safety personnel
will do the verification of permits.
These checks are essential for the safe and efficient operation of a crane. Following
a systematic pre-operation inspection routine helps prevent accidents and ensures
the crane is in optimal condition before starting any lifting tasks. Always refer to the
crane's specific operating manual and guidelines provided by the manufacturer for
detailed inspection procedures.
PART – B
Question 1) What are the various safety measures to be followed by using
Tippers
Answer) Using tippers involves specific safety measures to ensure the well-being of
operators, workers, and the public. Here are several safety measures for operating
tippers:
1. Operator Training:
Properly trained and certified operators should handle tippers. They should
understand the vehicle's controls, safety features, and operational guidelines.
2. Pre-Operational Checks:
Conduct thorough inspections before use, checking brakes, tires, hydraulics,
lights, and the dumping mechanism. Address any issues immediately.
3. Load Securement:
Ensure loads are properly secured and evenly distributed to prevent shifting
during transit, which could affect vehicle stability.
4. Weight Limits:
Adhere strictly to the vehicle's weight limits and load capacities to prevent
overloading, which can compromise braking and handling.
5. Safe Driving Practices:
Observe speed limits, especially when loaded. Avoid sudden maneuvers,
sharp turns, or abrupt braking, as these actions can cause instability.
6. Maintain Safe Distance:
Keep a safe distance from other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure to
prevent collisions and ensure adequate stopping distance.
7. Avoid Overhead Hazards:
Be cautious when raising the dump bed, ensuring there are no overhead
obstructions like power lines or structures.
8. Use of Dumping Mechanism:
Only activate the dumping mechanism when the vehicle is on level ground
and away from other vehicles or individuals. Verify that the area is clear
before dumping the load.
9. Backup Alarms and Cameras:
Utilize backup alarms and cameras to enhance visibility and prevent accidents
while reversing.
10. Regular Maintenance:
Follow a strict maintenance schedule to keep the vehicle in optimal condition.
Regularly inspect and service all components, including brakes, hydraulics,
and tires.
11. Emergency Procedures:
Be familiar with emergency protocols and know how to react in case of vehicle
malfunctions or accidents. Have emergency equipment and contact
information readily available.
12. Weather Conditions:
Exercise caution during adverse weather conditions that could affect road
conditions or vehicle stability.
13. Safety Gear:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as high-visibility
clothing, gloves, and hard hats when working around tippers.
By adhering to these safety measures, operators can significantly reduce the risk of
accidents and ensure the safe operation of tippers in various work environments.
Question 2) List out various safety points to be checked to be checked in the
mobile equipment.
Answer) Certainly! Safety checks for mobile equipment are crucial to ensure safe
operation and prevent accidents. Here's a list of various safety points to check:
1. Visual Inspection:
o
Look for any visible signs of damage, leaks, or wear on the
equipment's exterior, including the body, tires/tracks, and attachments.
2. Fluid Levels:
o
Check and maintain appropriate levels of engine oil, hydraulic fluid,
coolant, and other necessary fluids as per the manufacturer's
specifications.
3. Hydraulic Systems:
o
Inspect hydraulic hoses, connections, and cylinders for leaks, damage,
or loose fittings. Ensure proper functioning of controls.
4. Tires or Tracks:
o
Check tire pressure (if applicable) and look for signs of wear, cuts,
bulges, or tread depth. For tracked equipment, inspect tracks for
tension, wear, and damage.
5. Braking Systems:
o
Test brakes to ensure they are functioning correctly. Look for any signs
of brake fluid leaks or worn brake pads.
6. Lights and Signals:
o
Check all lights (headlights, taillights, turn signals) and warning signals
to ensure they are working correctly for safe operation.
7. Safety Devices:
o
Verify that all safety devices, such as seat belts, alarms, backup
cameras, and emergency stops, are functional.
8. Operator's Area:
o
Ensure the operator's area is clean and free from debris. Check the
functionality of controls, steering, and visibility from the operator's seat.
9. Load Handling Attachments:
o
Inspect any load handling attachments or accessories for secure
mounting, proper functionality, and signs of wear or damage.
10. Rollover Protection (ROPS) and Falling Object Protection (FOPS):
o
Ensure ROPS and FOPS are intact and functional to protect operators
from rollover accidents or falling objects.
11. Fire Extinguisher and First Aid Kit:
o
Verify the presence and condition of fire extinguishers and first aid kits
on the equipment.
12. Documentation and Manuals:
o
Ensure all necessary documentation, including operator's manuals,
maintenance records, and safety guidelines, are available and up-todate.
Regular and thorough checks of mobile equipment before operation are crucial for
maintaining safety standards and preventing accidents in various industries like
construction, mining, agriculture, and logistics. Always follow the manufacturer's
guidelines and recommendations for specific equipment maintenance and safety
checks.
Question 3) What are the hazards associated with working at height? Narrate
the various safety precautions to be taken while working at height.
Answer) Working at heights presents several hazards, making it one of the riskiest
activities in various industries. Some of the primary hazards include:
1. Falls: The most critical risk involves falling from an elevated position, leading
to severe injuries or fatalities.
2. Falling Objects: Objects dropped from height can cause serious harm to
workers below.
3. Structural Stability: Working on unstable or weak structures, platforms, or
scaffolds increases the risk of collapse or structural failure.
4. Weather Conditions: Adverse weather such as high winds, rain, or snow can
affect stability and increase the risk of slips and falls.
5. Improper Equipment Use: Incorrectly used or faulty safety harnesses,
ladders, scaffolding, or other safety equipment can heighten the risk of
accidents.
Safety precautions for working at heights:
1. Risk Assessment: Conduct a thorough risk assessment before starting any
work at height. Identify potential hazards and plan accordingly.
2. Proper Training: Ensure workers receive adequate training on working at
heights, including the correct use of safety equipment and emergency
procedures.
3. Use of Fall Protection Equipment: Provide and insist on the use of
appropriate fall protection gear such as harnesses, lanyards, guardrails, and
safety nets.
4. Secure Work Platforms: Use sturdy and stable scaffolds, ladders, or
elevated work platforms that comply with safety standards. Regularly inspect
and maintain them.
5. Guardrails and Toeboards: Install guardrails and toeboards on elevated
platforms to prevent falls and falling objects.
6. Safe Access and Egress: Ensure safe access and exit routes to and from
elevated work areas. Use designated walkways and maintain clear pathways.
7. Weather Monitoring: Monitor weather conditions and halt work if adverse
weather poses a risk to safety.
8. Regular Inspections: Conduct routine inspections of equipment, structures,
and safety gear. Immediately address any defects or concerns.
9. Communication: Encourage clear communication among workers regarding
potential hazards and safety procedures.
10. Emergency Response: Have an emergency response plan in place,
including rescue procedures for workers in the event of a fall or accident.
11. Supervision and Monitoring: Assign a competent supervisor to oversee
work at height and ensure safety protocols are followed.
By implementing these safety precautions, employers and workers can significantly
reduce the risks associated with working at heights and create a safer working
environment. Safety should always be a top priority when undertaking tasks at
elevated locations.
Question 4) Explain what is MSDS? What are the contents in MSDS?
Answer) MSDS stands for Material Safety Data Sheet. It's a document that provides
detailed information about potentially hazardous substances or chemicals. The
primary purpose of an MSDS is to ensure the safe handling, use, storage, and
disposal of such substances in workplaces. These sheets are crucial for workers
who may come into contact with these materials, as they offer guidance on safe
practices and emergency procedures.
The contents of an MSDS typically include:
1. Identification: Information about the substance, including its name,
manufacturer, supplier details, and emergency contact numbers.
2. Composition: Details about the chemical composition, including hazardous
ingredients and their concentration levels.
3. Physical and Chemical Properties: Information on the substance's physical
characteristics such as appearance, odor, pH, boiling point, melting point, and
solubility.
4. Hazards Identification: Identification of potential hazards associated with the
substance, including health, fire, reactivity, and environmental hazards.
5. First-Aid Measures: Instructions on immediate first-aid procedures in case of
exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or contact with the substance.
6. Fire-Fighting Measures: Guidance on appropriate firefighting methods,
including suitable extinguishing agents, equipment, and precautions to take.
7. Accidental Release Measures: Procedures for containing spills, cleaning up,
and methods for safe disposal of the substance.
8. Handling and Storage: Recommendations for safe handling, storage
conditions, and any specific precautions to be taken when using or storing the
substance.
9. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection: Information on recommended
exposure limits, engineering controls, personal protective equipment (PPE),
and safety measures to minimize exposure.
10. Physical and Health Hazards: Details about the potential health effects from
exposure to the substance, including symptoms, routes of exposure, and
chronic effects from long-term exposure.
11. Toxicological Information: Information regarding the substance's toxicity,
carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and other related health hazards.
12. Ecological Information: Impact of the substance on the environment,
including its potential to cause damage to ecosystems or aquatic life.
13. Disposal Considerations: Guidance on safe disposal methods, including
recycling or proper disposal procedures in compliance with regulations.
14. Transport Information: Information on safe transportation of the substance,
including any special precautions or regulations to follow.
15. Regulatory Information: Compliance information, including regulatory
requirements, hazard classifications, and relevant safety standards.
MSDS sheets are critical documents that provide essential information for safe
handling and management of hazardous materials in various occupational settings.
Question 5) What are the precautions to be taken while handling portable
electrical tools like grinder, drilling machine?
Answer) When handling portable electrical tools like grinders and drilling machines,
several precautions should be followed to ensure safety. Here are key safety
measures to consider:
1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
o
Wear appropriate PPE such as safety goggles, gloves, ear protection,
and, if necessary, a dust mask or respirator.
2. Inspection Before Use:
o
Check the tool for any visible damage, frayed cords, loose parts, or
malfunctions. Ensure the grounding is intact.
3. Correct Tool Selection:
o
Use the right tool for the job and ensure it's suitable for the materials
and tasks at hand.
4. Power Source:
o
Ensure the tool is properly connected to a suitable power source. Use
a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) if available.
5. Safe Environment:
o
Work in a clean, dry area away from flammable materials. Keep the
work area well-lit and free from clutter.
6. Secure Workpiece:
o
Securely clamp or fix the workpiece to prevent movement while using
the tool.
7. Correct Handling:
o
Hold the tool firmly with both hands and maintain a balanced stance.
Keep a secure grip and proper control of the tool.
8. Cord Management:
o
Keep cords away from the tool's path and avoid tripping hazards.
Never carry the tool by its cord or yank it to disconnect.
9. Switching Off:
o
Switch off and unplug the tool before making any adjustments,
changing accessories, or performing maintenance.
10. Tool Maintenance:
o
Keep the tool clean and well-maintained. Follow manufacturer
recommendations for lubrication and part replacement.
11. Avoid Overloading:
o
Do not force the tool beyond its capabilities. Use the correct speed,
pressure, and accessories recommended for the tool.
12. Cooling Periods:
o
Allow the tool to cool down if it becomes overheated during continuous
use.
13. Storage:
o
Store tools in a dry, safe place away from children or unauthorized
users.
14. Training and Supervision:
o
Ensure operators are properly trained in tool use and safety practices.
Supervise inexperienced users.
15. Emergency Preparedness:
o
Know the location of emergency stops, fire extinguishers, and first aid
kits in case of accidents.
Following these precautions significantly reduces the risk of accidents and injuries
when using portable electrical tools. Regular maintenance and adherence to safety
guidelines are vital for safe operation.