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WHAT
ISTORY?
HISTORY
• According to Merriam Dictionary, ‘Hi”story i”sa chronoIopi”caf
record ofsi’pni”fi’cant events /sucA as those affecti'np a nation or
i”nsti”tuti’on) often incfudl'np an explanatlan of thei'r causes.
• Accordin9 to American Historical Association, °/-Y/xrory/x a
cririralexaminati”on of the past l'n order to understand,
interpret end interpret critico/ly the forces and refers that have
shaped the present and the future.
A
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EDUCATIONAL
ING I THE
I
NES
MICHELLE C. LLANES
HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• According to the Department of Education, today's
educational planning in the Philippines can claim an
unbroken history even before the establishment of our
formal educational system.
• During the pre-Spanish era and the period of more than four
centuries when the Philippines was a possession of Spain
and of the United States there was a long and routine sort of
educational planning though it was not visible enough to
HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• At a mi”nimum, they had to estimate how many students
there would be, how many r/assroom, teachers, desks and
books w'ou/d be needed to serve them adequately, how
much money these would require, where the money would
come from, and how and when i”t would be spent. Thi's
process w'as educuti'onal plonnln‹y which i+as taken for
prantedas a normal part of the schooladmi”ni”strators’Job.
Much more in some instances, it was abused that it led to
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OFOVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
NATIONAL ECONOI’4IC COUNCIL (NEC)
PROGRAI"1 IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY (PIA)
PRESIDENTIAL ECONOPIIC StAFF (PES)
IHARTIAL LAW
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENTPLANNING
NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (NEC}
In 1935, Commonwealth Act No. 2 was passed
which created the National Fducation Council
(NEC). It was the central authority responsible for
the “formulation of definite and consistent
national economicpoIici”es and the preparation of
comprehensive economic and soci'aI development
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OFOVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
NATIONAL ECONONIC COUNCIL (NEC)
The formulation of any set of policies pr any program in the counci!,
was usually the concern of any or all of the following four groups:
•The Council proper composed of Congressional members, appointive
members from the Executive Branch and representatives of the private
sector:
• The technicat staff for the council composed of members of its
three main offices: National Planning, Foreign Aid Coordination and
Statistical
Coordination and Standards;
''• Other
artments offic
encies
the Budget Commission, Central
Department
Finance Presidential Economic Staff and
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (NEC)
The law required approval by the President of bath policies and
prDgrams DI the Council before they could be implemented by the
government's departments, offices, nd agencies The National
Economic Council was under the Office of the President and headed
by a chairman with cabinet rank. He was directly responsible to the
President of the Philippines
Aside frDm NEC, there were planning cDmmittees set up in sDme of
the departments or agencies of the government.
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
NATIONAL ECONOI'4IC COUNCIL (NEC)
On the regional level, planning was undertaken
by the various regional development
authorities.
the
level,
provincial economic
planning was set under the auspices of the
defunct Emergency Administration.
The NEC coordinated the planning activities of
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
uAz›O›vAL ECONO›'sIC COUNCIL ( EC)
The NEC was basically an advisory body with no executive
functions (with the exception of foreign aid). In order to coordinate
the implementation of development projects, a Development
Council composed of heads of executive departments concerned
with the economic and social development, head of major
government agencies
and legislative leader. This CDuncil was presided over by the
President himself, who required the members to submit in person
progress reports on the different major projects. The Chairman of
the NEC acted as Executive Secretary of the Development CounciL
The Secretariat of the NEC had an integrated Social Development
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OFOVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
NATIONAL ECONOt'4lC COUNCIL (NEC)
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OFOVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
The Pro
lementation A enc (PIA) was
created through Executive Order No. into meet
the need for an implementing authority to push
tnrough development plans.
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OFOVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
NATIONAL ECONOI’4IC COUNCIL (NEC)
PROGRAI"1 IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY (PIA)
PRESIDENTIAL ECONOPIIC StAFF (PES)
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
PRESIDENTIAL ECONOMIC MAFF tPES)
The
was changed to PES, Presidential
Economic Staff. These two agencies —the NEC and
the PES, the one on planning and the other on
programming, stood head above all other
governmentexecutive departments,
corporations, financial
institutions,
chartered cities and governments
in
matters pertainingto these two
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
Executive Order No. 53, dated December 8,
1966 created the Man Ower Develo ment
Council under the Office of the President of the
Philippines to undertake the responsibility of
assessing human resources and forecasting the
needs for trained personnel at various
occupational levels.
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OFOVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
NATIONAL ECONOI’4IC COUNCIL (NEC)
PROGRAI"1 IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY (PIA)
PRESIDENTIAL ECONOPIIC StAFF (PES)
IHARTIAL LAW
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
With the proclamation of Martial Law in 1972 and
the impfementati
of
the
/ntegrdted
Reorpanzzation Plan, the National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA) was created for
the purpose
recommending continuing
coordinated
lly integrated social
economic plans and programs.
1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENTPLANNING
NATIONAL KONOMIC AND DEVELOP IENT AUTHORITY {NEDA)
overseei•9 9°vernment development pro9rams. It
nati'onaI
fIT!Plementation.
deveI•P *•
1I. DEVELOPMENT OFEDUCATIONAL PLANNING
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DECREEOF 1972
1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
In 1954, the defunct Congress of the Philippines created
the Board of National Education through Re ublic Act No.
1124
Its broad functions were:
•to formulate the objectives and basic policies of education
in conformi with the Constitution;
•to coordinate the objectives, functions, and activities of
different types of educational institutions; and
•set u eneral oals of accom lishments for the entire
1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
The Board aside from being the highest policy maktng
body in education has been kn
as the first official
planning body for education. Initially, its activities that were
concentrated on the ublic school s stem were Integrated
with the national development plan.
1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
1I. DEVELOPMENT OFEDUCATIONAL PLANNING
Republic Act No. 4372 amended Republic Act No. 1124and provided
among others the following additional functions of the Board of National
Education;
• To establish guidelines, policies, and criteria an the basis of which the
examination, evaluation and approval of textbooks by the Board of
Textbooks shall be made.
* No compile educational statistics, keep records on education,
conduct researches, surveys, and studies on educational conditions
and
problems, evaluate the effects of national educational policies and
undertake such other activities as to effectively carry out all purpose
1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
Tp secure data and information from all government offices and
entities and educational institutions, public and private, and to consult
and confer with the o1ces and personnel thereof, on such matters as
may be necessary for the Board to discharge its functions.
To submit an annual report to the President and to Congress not later
than January thirty-first of each year which shall include a compilation
of the national educational policies formulated by the 6oard, an
evaluation of the national educational system, and recommendation
to the Executive and Legislative branches of the government on the
improvement of the educational system of the country.
1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
196S-1970
D£PT. I IEMORANDUM NO.10 s. 1965
issued by the secretary of education
Bureaus and agencies to integrate and coordinate efforts
in the administration of developmental programs and to
effect a closer cooperation with the national planning
agencies, NEC and PES
Department of Education Coordinating Committee fOr
Educational Planning
1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
Operational planning then
the Department
Education originated from its three bureaus. Although in
principle these bureau-sectoral plans were consolidated at
the level of the Secretary of Education, In practice they were
submitted to the Office of the President with hardly any
substantial change and were not coursed through the Board
of National Education unless they involved changes in
curricula and standards.
1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
It can be said that in the past years the partial
educational planning in the Philippines, both of
olic and implementing levels, was more
concerned wlth “humanistic values”, “quality of
instruction”,
and cost-determination”, than
integration into the general strategy
accelerated economic development,according to
the DECS
1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
Through the Office of the Division of Educational
Department of Education
conducted a comprehensive review
the
educational system in coordination with the
Presidential Commission to Survey Philippine
Education (PCSPE).
1I. DEVELOPMENT OFEDUCATIONAL PLANNING
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DECREEOF 1972
1I. DEVELOPMENT OFEDUCATIONAL PLANNING
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPI'4ENT DECREE OF 1972
National Board of Education (NBE) shall
assisted by an off‹ce of planning and research
Planning Service in the Department of Education
1I. DEVELOPMENT OFEDUCATIONAL PLANNING
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPI'4ENT DECREE OF 1972
Education Development Decree of 1972 defined a
10-year education plan that focused on curriculum
development, upgrading physical facilities, adoption
of cost-saving instructional technology, retraining of
teachers
nd administrators, accreditation,
admissions testing, guidance and counseling,
democratizing access through financial assistance,
shifting un
baste education
NEC stands for
PES stands for
PIA stands for
NEDA stands for
PCSPE stands for