Michael J. Mullin, ATC, PTA, PRC
OA Centers for Orthopaedics
E-mail: mmullin@orthoassociates.com
A special thanks to. . .
 Chris Poirier and Perform Better
 Each of you here today
 My sponsors. . .
 Every patient and client I’ve seen
in the past 25 years….
My apologies….
….but it is not due to irresponsibility that this
talk is incomplete
Think differently….
Mark Fisher Fitness
The PRI “rabbit-hole”…
www.tonygentilcore.com
Understanding sequencing & asymmetrical rotational
patterns based on principles of Postural Restoration®
 Polyarticular chains
 Polyarticular chains dominance
 Positional influence and response
 Understanding sequencing
 Establishing optimal respiratory function
 Hierarchy of planes of activation and movement
 Activation of specific musculature
 Components that influence rotational capability & capacity
“To keep people engaged, you have to
keep them interested and that requires
anticipation and the unknown.”
- Rob Gilbert
#PBFTS2015
What is posture?
 Posture is a reflection of the position of many systems
that are regulated, determined and created through
limited functional patterns. These patterns reflect our
ability and inability to breathe, rotate and rest,
symmetrically with the left and right hemispheres of our
axial structure.

Ron Hruska, MPA, PT


Founder, Postural Restoration Institute®
Owner, Hruska Clinic
Polyarticular chains
Polyarticular Chains
 A muscular chain is a set of polyarticular (“affecting many
joints”) group of overlapping muscles running in the same
direction with no break in continuity and that are mutually
dependent in terms of their function.

Francoise Mezieres
 Through extensive review of literature and cadaver dissection,
Ron Hruska, founder of the Postural Restoration Institute® has
identified and described the most dominant paired chains (one
on the Left and one on the Right) and the influence these chains
have on our side dominance and patterns of movement-independent of hand or foot dominance.
Polyarticular Chains
as described by the Postural Restoration Institute®
Brachial Chain (BC)
Sternocleidomastoid,
Scalenes, Sibson’s Fascia,
Deltoid-Pectoral, AnteriorLateral Intercostals,
Triangularis Sterni,
Diaphragm
Anterior Interior Chain (AIC)
Diaphragm, Iliacus, Psoas,
TFL, Vastus Lateralis, Biceps
Femoris
Posterior Exterior Chain (PEC)
Posterior Intercostals,
Serratus Posterior, Latissimus
Dorsi, Quadratus Lumborum,
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Temporo-Mandibular Cervical
Chain (TMCC)
www.posturalrestoration.com
Polyarticular Chain Dominance
Polyarticular Chain
Dominance
 The Left Anterior Interior Chain is the
dominant lower body pattern
 Referred to as the L AIC
 Driven by overactive Left psoas and iliacus, Right
hemidiaphragm, Left TFL and vastus lateralis,
Right bicep femoris and adductors
Due to the influence of a
number of different
aspects of our anatomical
 The Right Brachial Chain is the dominant
makeup and the fact that
upper body pattern
we are a living and
 Referred to as the R BC
breathing system, a certain
 Driven by overactive Right hemidiaphragm, Left
level of predictability in
pectoralis, Right triangularis sterni, Right
abdominal obliques
the dominance of these
chains exists. Osteo- and
 The Posterior Exterior Chain is overactivity of
arthrokinematic
the back extensors
presentations as well as
 Referred to as the PEC
common patterns of
 Driven by compensation for the underlying
dominant chains and is overactive back extensors,
movement and subsequent
lats and QL’s
compensations become
 Underneath this PEC is a L AIC and R BC in
hiding
more apparent.
Polyarticular Chain
Dominance
Optimally positioned….
This picture represents the more
common areas of muscle overactivity
with the darker areas representing
more facilitated and lighter regions
demonstrating more inhibited.
•
•
Overactive
•
Right hemidiaphragm
•
Left psoas and iliacus
•
Right QL
•
Left vastus lateralis and TFL
•
Right adductors and long head
biceps femoris
More inhibited
•
Left hemidiaphragm
•
May also be on, but long
and/or torqued
•
Right psoas
•
Left adductors and LH biceps
femoris
Illustrations by Elizabeth Noble for the Postural Restoration Institute®. Used with
permission, © Postural Restoration Institute® 2015 www.posturalrestoration.com
Polyarticular Chain
Dominance
This picture represents the more
common osteo- and
arthrokinematic position and
orientation of the spine, pelvis
and hips due to the influence of
the pull of the muscles.
•
•
•
•
Left anteriorly tipped and
forwardly rotated pelvis.
Right lumbosacral rotation
Left femoral head externally
rotated orientation due to
compensation for the change
in acetabular position.
Right femoral head internally
positioned due to acetabular
position.
Illustrations by Elizabeth Noble for the Postural Restoration Institute®. Used with
permission, © Postural Restoration Institute® 2015 www.posturalrestoration.com
Polyarticular Chain Dominance
It is important to recognize the significant ways the body
can and does compensate for these muscle chains. If the
system has to adjust for internal and/or external inputs,
then changes can occur to the soft tissue and bony
structures.
This is called pathology….
Optimal AIC
Sub Optimal AIC
© 2015 Postural Restoration Institute™. Used with permission. www.posturalrestoration.com
Optimal AIC--Right
Sub Optimal AIC--Left
© 2015 Postural Restoration Institute™. Used with permission. www.posturalrestoration.com
Optimal BC
Sub-Optimal BC
© 2015 Postural Restoration Institute™. Used with permission. www.posturalrestoration.com
www.dc.wikia.com_wiki_File-Two-Face_0004
Optimal PEC
Sub-Optimal PEC
© 2015 Postural Restoration Institute™. Used with permission. www.posturalrestoration.com
Positional Influences & Response
Patterned Influences & Response
 Right-sided dominance
regardless of hand and foot
“dominance”
 Driven by our brains, nervous
system, respiratory system, visual
system, circulatory and lymphatic
systems, etc.
 The system will orient, align, load
and respond more consistently
to the right side.
 Right “stance” with Left trunk
counter-rotation most common
 Trunk counter-rotation to the Left
at the level of the diaphragm to
balance out the system.
 The body is over-rotated to the
right at the pelvis and lumbar
spine and in many cases not even
rotated back to midline at the
thorax and thoracic spine.
Patterned influences
and responses
 Right hemipelvis
posteriorly rotated
with compensatory
upper thoracic
rotation to the left,
regardless of the leg
they are standing on.
Where is the
compensation coming
from?
 At some point
between the 3rd and
4th picture, there is
a sequence of
rotation which may
come from great
pelvic to thoracic
left rotation. If it
comes more from
left trunk
rotation—in
particular if it is
sequenced before
pelvic rotation—
then that is what
can create
problems……
……then into
right stance.
Patterned Influences & Response
 The underlying directional pull of these dominant
polyarticular chains creates an imbalance in the
rotational capability of the human body. This can be
easily understood when looking at things strictly from
a handedness and footedness aspect. However, it is
much more complex and is influenced by a host of
other factors and requires a multi-faceted sequenced
approach in order to be best able to address these
asymmetrical tendencies and reduce their affect on
human function.
Patterned Influences & Response
Autonomics, KITT and The Hoff
PRI is. . . .
. . . .gaining access to the
autonomic nervous system
by creating and maximizing
variability which allows the
system to have better
control for a multitude of
situations
-Doug Kechijian, DPT, PRC
www.famous-cars.net_category_knight-rider_KITT
Patterned Influences & Response
“There is power in the pattern.”
- Bill Hartman, PT (iFAST)
Understanding Sequencing
Understanding Sequencing
 Sequence #1
 Establishing optimal respiratory function
 Sequence #2
 Following hierarchy of planes of activation and movement
 Sequence #3
 Activation of specific musculature for optimizing movement
 Sequence #4
 Addressing the components that influence rotational
capabilities and capacity
Sequence #1
Establishing optimal
respiratory function
Establishing optimal respiratory function
 Zone of Apposition—That aspect of the diaphragm that
apposes the chest wall during the respiratory cycle in
which the diaphragm returns to its domed shape.
 Zone of Apposition could be considered the amount of
excursion the diaphragm should go through during
breathing (mechanical) which optimizes respiration
(chemical).
 Since the three main ways we create stability in our
system is position, muscle, and pressure—this ZOA
allows the position of the structures to influence muscle
activity for optimal gaseous pressure exchange.
Establishing optimal respiratory function
Optimal ZOA
Sub-Optimal ZOA
© 2015 Postural Restoration Institute™. Used with permission. www.posturalrestoration.com
Establishing optimal respiratory function
 The diaphragm is the
central-most muscle in our
body and it should be able to
move freely and effectively
through its normal excursion
during inhalation and
exhalation. This is critical
for optimizing pressure of
the system, position of the
thorax and push/pull of the
musculotendinous units. It
also maintains proper form
of the thorax and
subsequently rotational
capabilities of the pelvis and
thorax.
web.uni-plovdiv.bg
Establishing optimal respiratory function
 If optimal respiratory
exchange is not established
prior to initiating a training
program, then asymmetric
rotational forces will be
exerted on the system,
creating compensation and
subsequent susceptibility to
poor performance or injury.
 Ability to rotate evenly on
both right and left sides
can easily become
compromised.
 Forces exerted through an
asymmetrical system
produces deleterious loads
and torsional properties onto
the soft tissue and
articulating structures. It is
further exacerbated by the
inability of the muscles to be
able to produce balanced
forces.
 This creates a back and forth
affect of one influencing the
other and vice versa.
Establishing optimal respiratory function
Stair Short Seated Balloon
Wall Supported Passive FA IR
with Balloon
© 2015 Postural Restoration Institute™. Used with permission. www.posturalrestoration.com
Sequence #2
Following hierarchy of planes of
activation and movement
Hierarchy of planes of activation and movement
 It is essential that the
sequence of facilitation
of muscle activity follows
a fairly consistent
pattern:
 Sagittal
 Frontal (Coronal)
 Transverse
http://fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us/~tkobayas/physiokines/08cSkel.shtml
Hierarchy of planes of activation and movement
 Sagittal (moment)
 To help with (re)positioning the pelvis and thorax
 To be able to get into a more balanced ratio of flexion to
extension
 Frontal (moment)
 To allow for optimal joint centration and abduction/adduction
control
 Retraining for stability and ability to transition
 Transverse (moment)
 To allow for rotation through tri-planar movements building
on the established base
 Integrating in order to be reciprocal and alternating
Hierarchy of planes of activation and movement
Movement patterns should also follow the
sagittal/frontal/transverse plane sequence as well. This
allows for the body and the brain to firmly establish
control in safer ranges before moving on to more
complex activities.
Sequence #3
Activation of specific
musculature for optimizing
movement
Activation of specific musculature for optimizing movement
Sagittal
LH biceps femoris
Sagittal
Left LH biceps femoris and Right psoas
Activation of specific musculature for optimizing movement
Frontal
Left adductors and GluteMed
Frontal
Left adductors, Left GMed and
Left abdominals
Activation of specific musculature for optimizing movement
Frontal
Left stance, R adduction, start
Frontal
Left stance, R Adduction finish
Activation of specific musculature for optimizing movement
Frontal
Right stance, L adduction, start
Frontal
Right stance, L Adduction finish
Activation of specific musculature for optimizing movement
Transverse
Left sidelying Right GMax
© 2015 Postural Restoration Institute™.
Used with permission.
www.posturalrestoration.com
Transverse
Standing Left Squat with Right FA ER
Once you get ‘em upright,
it’s important that the
subtle compensations are
addressed….especially
with your athletes.
• What’s the difference
between these two
pictures?
•
Until the trunk
rotation was
addressed, she did
not feel the
exercise where she
was supposed to.
Many people will be
very deliberate in
these movements
and almost rigid in
their efforts to try to
find new positions.
They have to “flow”
into them. There
has to be a little
wriggle or shimmy….
The “Mullin Mambo” ?
You pull your Left hip back
You bring your Left ribs down
You bring your arms up and you
shake it all around
You do the Mullin Mambo then
you turn your crown around
That’s what it’s all about!
You have to keep an eye on them….
….even during warm-up
 They have to be able to
find, feel and appreciate
the muscles they are
trying to access
“Where do you feel it?”
Sequence #4
Addressing the components that
influence rotational capabilities
and capacity
Rotational Influences
Inhibition
Neutrality
Centering
Grounding
Transitioning
Reciprocal and alternating
Rotational Influences
 Inhibition
 Neurological reflex response to motor unit activity
creating internal regulation to allow for optimal
musculo-tendinous length:tension sequencing.

It is along a spectrum of amount, degree, which structures are
affected (i.e. agonist vs antagonist), where in the range it
occurs, time it takes to occur and the appropriate length of
time before needing to re-engage.
 An appropriate amount of inhibition is critical for allowing
the body to be able to balance out lower and higher
threshold activities.
Rotational Influences
 Neutrality
 Neutrality is an effortless zone (state of transition) between
cycles of human activity in which the least amount of tone,
torque and resistance is present

Forward and back, side to side, tri-planar
 Neutrality cannot be established unless adequate inhibition
has occurred
 The goal is to establish as much balance in the system as will
allow the body to reduce the level of compensation which in
turn affects joint position and function
 Neutrality will allow for the following phases to take place,
creating a level of activity which allows optimal movement to
occur
“T8 is our central point between T1-L5 and is
considered the mid zone separating the upper core
from the lower core. This creates four quadrants where
asymmetry needs to be rolled out [identified] for core
stability/axial organization. When there is symmetry there is a neutral zone to move through and a
homeostatic place to rest... if asymmetry is present
there will be tone, torque, etc.... And it will can be
further accentuated or exacerbated with symmetrical
movement patterns.”
- Julie Blandin, PT, ATC, CSCS, PRC
Rotational Influences
 With therapeutic treatment interventions, neutrality
testing helps determine:
 If treatment can be introduced safely
 If adequate positional control is being maintained during
treatment
 If treatment interventions can be advanced
 With training programs, neutrality testing helps
determine:
 How strong a pattern the individual possesses
 Ability to advance alternating activity from more unilateral
 Readiness to be able to more safely introduce pulling
activities
Rotational Influences
 Centering
 The ability of the system to be able to achieve proper
centering requires coordination of ascending and
descending inputs, physical and sensory feedback and
focal and peripheral awareness. This comes from our
senses both directly and indirectly, through a balance of
afferent and efferent signals, requiring balanced flow
back and forth between cerebral and physical regions of
the body through the integration of neuro-stabilization
centers.
Rotational Influences
“Menacing Hulk”
Rotational Influences
 Grounding
 The body acts as a conductor between the brain and the
ground, receiving efferent stimulus from multiple sources and
creating a series of afferent responses aimed at trying to
negotiate the current surface and surroundings. It essentially
creates a closed-loop system which is neurally driven, which
responds to changing inputs as perceived through a multitude
of sources, mainly our senses and reference centers. By
incorporating the use of more than one of our systems, which
is mostly subconsciously driven and is directed based on past
experiences, it allows us to effectively respond to the
constantly changing inputs. Changing these neurally
encoded responses requires conscious awareness before new,
subconscious competency of the new pattern can be
achieved.
Rotational Influences
 Grounding
 “FMS screens whether you are connected to your
environment. A ‘1’ on an FMS test means difficulty
connecting to your environment.”

Gray Cook, PT / Greg Rose, DC
 “Our ability to connect to interact with the ground is the
foundation of movement efficiency.”

Emily Splichal, DPM
#PBFTS2015
© 2015 Postural Restoration Institute™. Used with permission. www.posturalrestoration.com
Rotational Influences
 Transitioning
 Transition requires the ability to alternate, which comes
secondary to the ability to reciprocate. Alternation is
dependent on the neurological capability to flow between the
left and right sides of our body, even on the cerebral level.
 Transitioning also requires the ability to decelerate
effectively using the proper sequencing.
 Ex: Hamstrings, glutes and abdominals are key for sagittal
plane deceleration.
 “Transformational zones”: As part of Gray Institute’s 3D
MAPS (Movement Analysis and Performance Systems

Gary Gray (#PBFTS2015)
© 2015 Postural Restoration Institute™. Used with permission. www.posturalrestoration.com
Rotational Influences
 Reciprocal and alternating
 Reciprocal:




Flexion/extension/flexion
Adduction/abduction/adduction
IR/ER/IR
Distance/close/distance
 Your arms are your most important appendages for
reciprocity
Rotational Influences
 Reciprocal and alternating
 Alternating:




One side to the other and back
Side-to-side
Periphery/focal/periphery
Flow
 The legs are critical in their ability to push from one side
to the other
Much like life, movement is a
balance of moderation, modulation
and modification
- Michael Mullin, ATC, PTA, PRC
Rotational Influences
“Faulty training only accentuates the muscular and
neurological contributions to the habitual imbalance.
Most often the faulty movement patterns are an
exaggeration in one direction of a limitation in another
direction.”
-Shirley Sahrmann
Conclusion
Proper sequencing of muscle activity to allow for proper
and optimal rotational patterns requires a good
understanding of some of the underlying movement
imbalances which will affect the ability to effectively
design intervention strategies. Gaining an improved
understanding of the intervention hierarchy will help to
improve programming in both the rehabilitation and
training environments.
Postural Restoration Institute
 www.posturalrestoration.com
 Courses, articles, links, contacts/find a practitioner
 Postural Restoration for Fitness & Movement


October 17-18, 2015 Endeavor Sports Performance
 Philadelphia , PA Julie Blandin/James Anderson
October 24-25, 2015 Accelerate Sports Performance
 San Francisco , CA Julie Blandin/James Anderson
Thank you!
Integrative Rehab Training
Facebook:
Website:
Twitter:
LinkedIn:
E-mail:
Integrative Rehab Training
https://mjmatc.wordpress.com
@mjmatc
Michael J. Mullin
mmullin@orthoassociates.com