ATTACK SHEET – ALWAYS: WALK THROUGH EACH POLICE ACTION
Q: Search / REP (Katz)
-- Permission (Schneckloth) coerced?
Ask: AA - Rodriq'z, hier'rchy - Randolph
Flag: conflict Randolphleft Fernandez
- Warrants (w/out, pres’m’t’v’ly ucc, Katz)
Ask affidavit sufficient (Groh)  Street?
Ask broad writ, narrow exec. (Andresen)
Ask [i]material [ii.a]omit [ii.b]lie (Franks)
Ask execution mistake (Garrison/Retelle)
- Trespass (Jones / Jardines / Dorf)
- Open Fields (Oliver) or Curtilage (Dunn)?
- Cars: car? (Carney) @curtillage? (Collins)
PC (Carroll), Contain'r w/I-PC (Avecedo)
Grabbable  car if perp nearby (Belton),
in pol car (Thornton) not trunk (Belton)
or car if handcuffed + in pol car (Gant)
 “RB” of evidence of Same Crime (Gant)
- Third Party Doctrine (Miller)
 Human (Miller, false friend)
  Ask: 6A (Massiah)
 Tech. (Smith, pen register)
Lim: Mosaic (Carpenter)
Lim: Email + metadata (Warshak)
- Special Needs & Admin Searches
 Always: burden vs. gov. interest
 Closely regulated (Burger)
  Ask: Interest? Burden? Notice?
 Area warrant (Camara); appeal? (Patel)
 Roadblock analogue (Lidster)
 School: less intrusive (bag, TLO) or more
intrusive (drugs, Acton; bra, Redding)
 Hospital (Ferguson)
Ask: law enforcement purp. (Edmund)
 Borders (no RS, Flores; yes RS, Ramsey)
 Prisons (Florence)
 Can: gen pop strip search (Florence)
 Can: DNA swab (King)
Always Ask: target or general? Brignoni
- Plain View (Coolidge)
 Can’t: create PV (Hicks)
 Maybe Can: Flying (Riley)
 Can: discarded (Greenwood)
  Ask: b/c SZ? (Hodari)
 Can: Terry Stop (hard object: felt like
drugs, Drayton, or gun, Wardlow?)
 Can’t: patdown+ (Dickerson)
  Ask: granular (Dickerson)
 Flag / Contingent: Dogs and Tech
 Ask: Reliable? (Harris)
 Lim: Technology (Kyllo)
 Lim: Dog (Place, Jardines)
 Lim: Hard Drives (Carey, Mann)
 Ask: copy (Gannias); PV (CDT)
- Pretext: Irrelevant (Whren) unless special
needs (Edm’nson) maybe computer (Carey)
Q: Seizure – Stop or Arrest
- Detained or Mere Questions (Muehler)?
 Q1: Free to leave? (Mendenhall)
Ask: Submit to Authority (Hodari)?
Ask: Physical force (Hodari)?
 Q2: Justified? Cf Whren
Ask: RS past/future crime (Terry)?
Ask: 'present' during warranted search?
 detain (Summers) & handcuff (Muehler)
Lim: home immed’te vicinity (Bailey)
 Lim: search only w/I-PC (Ybarra)
 Q3: Stop and Frisk (Terry) if A&D
May: ask q’s (Hiibel, e.g., ID) cf Quarles Q3.5: Prolonged? (Rodriguez)
- Arrest
Q1: Custody 2-step(Mendenhall/Shatzer)
 Insufficient: Handcuffs (Muehler) or
prison (Shatzer); possible @home (Orozco)
Q2: Permit? Publ, Watson| Home, Payton
Misdem'n'r( Atwater)/ultra vires(Moore)?
 Exigency?
 Hot Pursuit (Lange)  misdemeanant?
 Safety (Stuart)
 Destruct. of Evid. (Figueroa)
 Ask: Breathalyzer / BAC (McNeely)?
Q3: Search  see: SIA
Q4: MW cf Quarles(safe) / Muniz(drunk)
- 6A: FC? Agent (Massiah)? Question
(Henry)?Same C(Cobb)?Waive (Patterson)
Unclear: Inform re indictment or lawyer?
Exclude: CiC; Allow: impeach (Ventris)
- Search Incident to Arrest (Robinson)
 Requires arrest (Knowles)
 Can: person + imm. area (Chimel)
 Can: protective sweep (Buie)
 Lim: “cursory” + RB of danger (Buie)
 Can: RB of evidence of same C (Gant)
 Can’t: Cellphones (Riley) w/out exigency
 Can’t: BAC (McNeely) uncon? (Mitchel)
 Can’t: Trunk, absent I-PC (Belton)
Q: Evidence of Breaking Particular Law
- PC of broken law (Gates)
Mere proximity/propinquity insufficient
(Gates), turns on crime itself (Pringle)
 Can’t: Cellphones (Riley)
- RS of past or future (Terry; pedestrian)
Ask: accumulate (Arvizu; car)
Ask: ↑crime area; flight insuff. (Wardlow)
-Tip (Gates = PC, Navarette = RS)
Anon.? Identifiable? Intimate Details?
Corroboration? Other indicia of reliability?
 Predicting past (White, JL)?
- Guns + Legal Pot
Ask: Possession Bayesian logic (Penster)
Ask: Proper theory (Cruz)/smell (Senna)?
Exclusionary Rule + Exceptions
- Baseline: FotPT (Mapp)
- Standing
 Ask: Possessory/personal (Rakas)
 Overnight guest (Olson), permitted to
drive (/be in) car (Byrd)
 Lim: short term / crime (Carter)
 Lim: criminal scheme (Byrd)
 Lim: passengers for stuff in car (Rakas)
unless illicit stop (Brendlin)
- Exception: K&A(Hudson)?1983-Wilson?
- Exception: Ind. Source (Murray)
 Ask: but-for (Segura, easy; Murray, hard)
- Exception: Inev. Disc. (Nix)  Inc. 6A!
 Ask: same condition (Nix)?
 Ask: routine procedure (Garner)?
 Ask: affidavit w/out PC (Streett)?
- Exception: Attenuation
 Proximate Cause (Brown)
 Ask: time, intervening (e.g., ministerial
arrest), flagrancy (Strieff)? MW insufficient!
- Exception: Good Faith (cf Garrison)
Pr’c’d’nt = full (Davis); warrant (Leon) &
exec. error (Herring)  standard = reckless
Fifth Amendment (police can lie, Frazier)
-Voluntary? Hopt; Sua Sponte? Connolly
 Coercion: physical (Jackson) threat
(Fulminante) mental(Ashcroft) fam(Lynum)
Ask: age factor (Spano)Cf JDB @MW
 Subpoena: immunity (Kastgar) or mens
rea production (Hubbell)
Ask testim'n'l (Hubbell, RePa/know ∃)
- Miranda Warning (objective, Stansbury)
 Custodial: Royer. Cf Berkemer (car stop),
Prison gen pop (Shatzer), told not arrested @
station (Mathaiason), IRS agent (Beckwith)
 Elicit response (Innis)  2xR
Ask: Okay word variation (Prysock)?
Ask: Waive(Berghuis)/Interrupt(Patane)?
Flag: clear ask for silence (Salinas)
Precaution? (time/new MR) (Mosley)
Flag: clear ask for lawyer (Davis), when?
[i] suspect initiates [ii] lawyer present
Edwards;[iii] 14 days post-custody Shatzer?
 Ask: 2nd statement Elstad || Siebert 2-step?
Exclude @ CiC: custodial, non MW’d
answers to questions (Miranda)
Allow @ Impeach: statements (Harris),
custodial silence pre-MW (Fletcher)
Exc. @imp’ch: post-MW silence (Doyle)
Allow @ CiC: non-custodial “balk”
(Salinas), phys. evidence (Patane)  6A?,
booking statements (Muniz), responses to
questions in emergency situations (Quarles)
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