Knowing Operating
Systems
What is an operating system?
An operating system is the most important software that
runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory and
processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also
allows you to communicate with the computer without
knowing how to speak the computer's language. Without an
operating system, a computer is useless.
The operating system's job :
Your computer's operating system (OS) manages all of the
software and hardware on the computer. Most of the time,
there are several different computer programs running at
the same time, and they all need to access your computer's
central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage. The
operating system coordinates all of this to make sure each
program gets what it needs.
The operating system's role in managing software and
hardware on a computer:
1. Multitasking:
Imagine you're simultaneously working on a school project, listening to
music, and downloading a game. The operating system ensures that your
music player receives the necessary audio resources, your project software
gets the required processing power, and the game download progresses
smoothly, all without causing a significant slowdown.
2. Memory Management:
Suppose you're writing a story in a word processing program and also have
a web browser open with multiple tabs. The operating system ensures that
your computer's memory (RAM) is properly allocated between these
applications. It makes sure that you can switch between the word
processor and the browser without losing your progress in either one.
3. File Organization:
Think of your computer as a digital library with various books
(files) stored in different shelves (folders). The operating
system helps you locate and organize these files. When you
want to open a specific document, the operating system finds
it and makes it available for you.
4. Peripheral Management:
Consider connecting a printer to your computer. The
operating system detects the printer, installs the necessary
drivers, and allows you to send print jobs. It acts as a bridge
between your computer and external devices like printers,
scanners, and USB drives.
5. Booting Up:
When you turn on your computer, the operating system is
responsible for starting up all the necessary processes and
applications. It initializes hardware components, loads system
files, and ensures that your computer is ready for you to use.
6. Security and User Accounts:
Suppose you share your computer with your siblings or
classmates. The operating system allows you to create
separate user accounts for each person, ensuring that
everyone's files and settings are kept private. It also manages
security features like antivirus software to protect your
computer from harmful programs.