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PILLARS OF ISLAM
Topics
Page
1. Shahadah (The Declaration of FAith)
2
2. Prayer (Salat)
3
3. SAUM) Fasting
12
4. Zakat (Alms-giving)
15
5. Hajj
17
6. Topical Marking Schemes
27
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THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
 The declaration of faith, Shahada, including the significance of what it contains; Prayer,
Salat, including preparations, its performance and importance, congregational prayers on
Fridays and festivals, times of prayer, the place of prayer, private prayer, delayed prayer.
 Alms-giving, Zakat, how it is performed and its significance in the community; Fasting,
Sawm, including the way it is observed, its significance and those exempted.
 Pilgrimage, hajj, including the main observances involved and their significance.
Candidates should know about each of these beliefs and observances, and should also understand
their significance in the faith and action of individual Muslims and of Muslim communities.
In the examination either one or two questions will be set on this topic.
SHAHADAH (The Declaration of Faith)
Ash-hadu an-la ilaha il-lal-lahu, wa ash-hadu an-na Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluhu.
“I bear witness that there is no god except Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad
servant and His messenger”
 is His
 This declaration is the foundation and first pillar which the whole structure of Islam has
been built. It is the expression of this belief which differentiates a believer from a nonbeliever or atheist and it is by expressing these sentences that one enters the fold of Islam.
 The word shahada actually means to testify or to bear witness. There are actually two parts
to the shahada which when taken together is often called the Shahadatayn, meaning “two
testimonies”
 The first part of the shahada deals with our relationship with Allah, may He be Glorified and
Praised. Even though the literal translation of “laa ilaaha illallah” means “no god but Allah,”
the actual meaning is much deeper than that.
 Simply stating there is no god but Allah indicates that Allah is the only true deity and creator
of all that exists. That is most certainly true.
 “He is Allah, the One; Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; He begets not, nor is He begotten;
and there is none equal or comparable to Him.” (112:1-4)
 The more accurate meaning of “laa ilaaha illallah” would be “There is no deity worthy of
worship except Allah.” Using this phrase, we make it perfectly clear that we are not going to
worship anything else besides Allah. We are not only declaring that Allah is the one and
only true God of all, we are also stating we will only worship Him and reject everything that
even remotely compromises that worship.
 By making this declaration, we believe and affirm that none deserves worship except Allah;
we must stay steadfast upon this Phrase and apply it in our practical life in letter and spirit
and never associate any partners with Him.
“Muhammad  is His Servant and His Messenger”
 The second part of the shahadah deals with our understanding of the status of Prophet
Muhammad

Ibn Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him. The phrase “Muhammadan
abduhu wa rasuluhu” means “Muhammad  is the servant and messenger of Allah.”
 Allah has sent several men to mankind to remind them of their duty towards Him. Muslims
believe that all of these men were prophets. These prophets of Allah include Hazrat Adam,
Hazrat Noah, Hazrat Ibrahim, Hazrat Ismail, Hazrat Ishaq, Hazrat Yaqoob, Jonah,
Hazrat Moosa, Hazrat Isa, and Hazrat Muhammad, peace be upon them all. However,
some of these prophets actually came with a message from Allah for mankind.
 Testimony that Muhammad () is the servant and apostle of Allah further means:
 To believe that he is a servant of Allah.
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 To believe that he is the last of the Prophets.
“Muhammad() is not the father of any man among, but he is the Messenger of Allah and
the last (end) of the Prophets” (Al-Quran)
 To believe in and accept his message.
“We sent not an Apostle, but to be obeyed in accordance with the Will of Allah”. (Al-Quran)
 It is obvious that once we have recited the Kalima and accepted the Prophet as thetrue
Apostle of God, it becomes obligatory for us to believe in his guidance, to adhere to his
commands and to observe faithfully the Shariah he brought.
 Further, we accept Prophet Muhammad () as the true Apostle of Allah, and will abide by
his guidance asa loyal follower and fashion our lives according to the holy law laid down by
him.
 Muslim should, therefore hold himself bound by this covenant and try his level best to shape
his conduct in its light so that he may earn recognition in the eyes of Allah as a genuine man
of faith and attain his salvation and place in the paradise.
Prayer (Salat)
Importance of Prayer
Personal/Spiritual Benefits of Salat
 A Pillar of Islam: Prayer is the second most important pillar of Islam, and is the most
regular compulsory action in a Muslim’s life. Prayer is an act that must be fulfilled daily,
regardless of the circumstance. Allah, the Exalted says in the Holy Quran: “Verily, the
prayer is enjoined on the believers at fixed time.” (4:103)
 Shields against evil: Without seeking Allah’s help, it is impossible to refrain from evil.
Allah says, “Verily, prayer restrains (oneself) from shameful and unjust deeds…” Qur’an
29:45
How can sins be committed if you’re willingly standing before Allah 5 times a day?
 Enriches your soul: Prayer satisfies your spiritual need to be in contact with your Creator.
This gives your soul peace and contentment, especially with your busy lifestyle.
Allah says, “Without doubt, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find satisfaction.” Quran
29:45
 Washes away sins: Everyone commits sins, however, Allah has provided, through prayer, a
way to wipe out those sins.
Allah says, “And perform prayer… surely the good deeds remove the evils deeds.” Quran 13
 The Messenger gave a beautiful example when he said to his companions, “Consider if one
of you had a river by his door in which he bathed five times a day. Would any filth
remain on him?” They said, “No.” Then the Prophet replied, “Likewise, Allah wipes away
sins with the five daily prayers.”
 Prayer cleans soul and body: “Purification is one half of faith.” – (Hadith).
Inward purification is ridding the mind of evil thoughts or ideas. Outward purification involves
taking a bath or performing ablution. Performing wuzu five times a day cleans a Muslim’s body
thoroughly.
Social Benefits of Congregational Prayer
Salat Jamat means praying in congregation (gathering). There is a great reward when Salat is
offered in congregation. It gives us both Worldly and Spiritual benefits; these are listed below:
1. ISLAMIC EQUALITY: In the congregation, rich and poor, high and low, all stand shoulder
to shoulder. It is the best scene of mankind’s equality.
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2. UNITY: In this Salat all a have one intention, one language and identical actions. All kneel
together, all go to Sajdah together. This teaches us the lesson that we, as Muslims, should be
united at all times.
3. LOVE AND CO-OPERATION: People meet with one another in the Congregational
Prayer. They know the hardships and worries of one another and try to help each other. New
things are known there. Mutual love develops. Circle of friendship is widened. We get an
opportunity to perfect our life in the light of others experiences.
4. DISCIPLINE: While offering Salat in Jamat we stand in rows, follow the Imam of Jamat
and practice obedience to Allah. This forces discipline in which is the essential feature of a
community’s life.
5. PUNCTUALITY: Prayer teaches punctuality as it is performed on the fixed time. “Verily,
the prayer is enjoined on the believers at fixed time.” (4:103)
Method of Wuzu or Ablution:
 Niyat: “I intend to perform the Wuzu for securing Allah’s pleasure and in compliance with
His Command.”
 Recite Tasmiyah: “In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful”.
 Wash hands, up to wrist, right then left, three times.
 Pass wet fingers of each hand between each other.
 Take water in right hand, gargle to clean mouth, three times.
 Take water in right hand, sniff in to nostrils and blow out. Clean nose with left hand. Three
times.
 Wash face with both hands, forehead to chin, ear lobe to ear lobe. O part should remain
dry. Three times.
 Wash right arm, then left arm, up to elbow. Three times.
 Join all three fingers from small fingers to middle finger to perform Mas’ah of Head. Rub
head with fingers.
 Clean inner sides of ear with forefingers, outer with thumb.
 Pass back of the hands over the nape of the neck.
 Rub and wash first the right foot, then the left foot, up to the ankles.
 Pass fingers of hands through fingers of feet to leave no dry space.
Tayammum: (Dry Ablution)
Can do Tayammum when:
 Sick, or sickness can be aggravated by water.
 Cannot find water.
 Danger that enemy might attack during ablution or taking a bath.
Can use: 1) Dry stone free of dust. 2) Bricks. 3) Earthen pot. 4) Clean and pure earth or sand.
Procedure:
 Recite Bismillah.
 Niyat: “I intent to make Tayammum with the object of removing impurity and acquiring
purity”.
 Strike both hands on some clean and pure earth or sand.
 Blow off excessive dust.
 Rub hands on face such that same area covered by Wuzu is also covered.
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 Males should pass fingers through their beards.
 Strike both hands on some clean and pure earth or sand.
 Blow off excessive dust.
 Rub the right arm and then the left up to the elbows.
 Things that void Wuzu also void Tayammum.
 If Tayammum is done because of lack of water, it becomes void as soon as water is
available.
 If Tayammum is done because of illness, as soon as the illness is over , Tayammum
becomes void.
Conditions/Preparations of Salat
Prayer is the 2nd pillar of Islam. It is obligatory on every grownup and sane Muslim, male or female.
1. Cleanliness of Body: The body of a worshiper must be free from any physical impurity –major
or minor.
Wudu: Allah Says in the Quran: “O you who believe! When you intend to offer As-Salat (the
prayer), wash your faces and your hands (forearms) up to the elbows, rub (by passing wet
hands over) your heads, and (wash) your feet up to the ankles…” (Al-Maida 5:6). This verse of
Quran proves that a Muslim MUST have wudu before performing prayer otherwise the prayer is
neither valid nor accepted by Allah.
2. Purity of Clothes and Place: The clothes and place of worship must be free from any physical
impurity or filth. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) said, Cleanliness is a part of faith”.
3. Proper Covering: Allah Says in the Quran: “O Children of Adam, take your adornment (by
wearing proper clothing) for every mosque” (Quran 7:31) – The meaning of “adornment” here is
the covering of the ‘aurah (those parts of male and female which need to be covered).
Male- The minimum requirement of covering for a male is from navel to knee, whether in prayer or
not. Full dress is desirable.
Female- Narrated Aisha: The Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “The
Salat (prayer) of a woman, who has reached puberty, is not accepted unless she is wearing a
khimar” (covering whole body) [Ahmad]. The woman is obliged to cover her entire body during
prayer, apart from her face, hands and feet, because all of her is ‘awrah.
4. Time: Allah Says in the Quran: “…Verily, As-Salat (the prayer) is enjoined on the believers
at fixed times” (Al-Nisa 4:103). – This verse of the Quran proves that Muslims must pray regularly
at the times defined by Allah for each prayer…Delaying the prayer until its time is over without a
reason or excuse is prohibited, and it is a major sin.
5. Face Qiblah: Allah Says in the Quran: “…so turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid AlHaram (at Makkah)”. (Quran 2:144) All scholars agree that one must face the Masjid Al-Haram
(in Makkah) during every prayer…If one cannot determine the direction of the Qiblah, he should
ask one who knows. If he finds no one to ask, he should try his best to determine it. In such a case,
his prayer will be valid, and he need not repeat it even though he discovers later on that he had
faced in the wrong direction.
6. Have Intention: Narrated By ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab (RA): I heard Allah’s Apostle saying, “The
reward of deeds depends upon the intentions and every person will get the reward according to what
he has intended.” (Bukhari) – This hadith proves that intention is necessary for all acts of worship
as wudu, ghusl and prayer etc.
You do not need to say it out loud, but you need to know which prayer of the day you are
performing, what will be the type of the rakaat, and the number of rakaats. An example would be to
think “I will perform 2/4 rakaat farz/sunnat/nafil of the fajr/zuhr/asr/maghrib/isha/ prayer”.
Times of Salat
“Verily, As-Salat (the prayer) is enjoined on the believers at fixed times”
4:103)
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Each Salat must be offered at or during its proper time. No Salat can be offered before its time.
1. Fajr Prayer: The time for the Fajr of the Morning Prayer starts at dawn and ends at sunrise.
2. Zuhr Prayer: The time for the Zuhr or the early afternoon prayer starts when the sun begins
to decline from its zenith and ends when the size of an object’s shadow is equal to twice the
size of the object.
3. Asr Prayer: The time for Asr or late afternoon prayer starts after the end of Zuhr time and
ends before sunset.
4. Maghrib Prayer: The time for the Maghrib or the sunset prayer starts just after sunset and
ends when twilight (dusk) has disappeared.
5. Isha Prayer: The time for Isha or night prayer starts from the disappearance of twilight and
ends just before dawn. It is desirable to say this prayer before midnight.
Three Makruh (forbidden) Times
1. From the time of sunrise up to the next 20 minutes.
2. From 20 minutes before sunset to the time of sunset.
3. From Nisf-un-Nahar to the time when the sun begins to decline.
No (salah, whether it is Farz, Wajib, Nafl or Qaza) is permissible during these three times.
Importance of Adhan / Azaan / Call to Prayer
Adhan is a call to prayer. It was first introduced in 2nd year of Hijrah. Abu Hurairah (May Allah
be pleased with him) reported” The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said. “Were people to know
the blessing of pronouncing Adhan and the standing in the first row, they would even draw
lots to secure these privileges. And were they to realize the reward of performing Salat early,
they would race for it; and were they to know the merits of Salat-e-Isha’ and Fajr, they would
come to them even if they had to crawl.”

Fundamentals of Islam are conveyed in Adhan.

This is the statement of Tawheed (The Oneness of Allah).

This states that Muhammad (SAW) is the Messenger of Allah.

International Anthem of Muslims!

This is a call to prayer.

This path alone guarantees REAL SUCCESS.
Iqamah: The Takbeer or Iqaamah that is called out before the congregational prayer to remind the
people that congregational prayer is about to start.
Method of Salat (Prayer)
1. After making necessary preparations for prayer, stand erect facing towards Ka’bah, say
Takbir-e-Thehrimah. This starts the prayer. Raise your hands, palms facing forwards, up
till your ear lobes (or to your shoulder if you are a woman), and say Allahu Akbar (Allah is
The Greatest).
2. Perform Qiyam, stand up straight, with your hands folded. Your right hand should be over
your left, and they should overlap till the wrists only. Men place their folded hands below
their navel, and women at chest level.
3. Recite Thana, ta’wwudh, tasmiyah and Surah Al-Fatihah followed by a portion from the
Quran. Your voice should be audible to yourself.
4. Perform Ruk’u. The ruku is basically a bow. You unfold your hands and bow, then placing
your hands on your knees. Your back should become parallel to the ground. It is essential to
completely bow, not just tilt your body at 45o to the vertical. Say (Allahu Akbar) as you
perform this step. When you are in ruku, recite (Subhan Rabbi Al-Adheem) thrice.
5. Rise up (Qauma). Rise from the bow, while reciting tasmi and tahmeed.
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6. Perform Prostration. Say (Allahu Akbar) and prostrate placing your forehead, palms, and
knees on the ground. The bases of both feet’s fingers need to touch the ground. Your
forehead must be bare – a covered forehead invalidates prayer. Recite (Subhan Rabbi AlAla) thrice. A woman’s elbows should touch the ground, but men must keep their elbows
raised above the ground.
7. Rise to a sitting position, saying (Allah Akbar). When you are in this position, you must
keep your eyes at your lap. Men turn up the heel, and bend the toes, of the right foot.
Women keep both their feet, soles up, under their body.
8. Prostrate again, saying (Allahu Akbar). The second prostration is identical to the first one.
9. Rise up to proceed to the next raka’at, saying (Allahu Akbar). The second raka’at is
identical to the first one up till the second prostration, but without the Takbir-e-Tehrimah.
10. Perform the Tashahhud at the end of the second raka’at. After the second prostration, stay
in a sitting position and recite the Tashahhud (also known as Tahiyat) and recite the Durude-Ibrahimi followed by any short dua from the Quran or the Sunnah.
11. End your two raka’at prayer with salaam looking over your right shoulder and them looking
over your left shoulder. Two raka’at salat is completed.
Farz (Obligatory) Actions With in Prayer
There are seven actions within Namaz which are Farz.
1. Takbeer-e-Tahrima – Meaning the first ‘Allah-o-Akbar’ (or any word which would praise
Allah) with which the Namaz begins.
2. Qayaam – meaning to stand until the Farz Qiraayat is completed.
3. Qiraayat – meaning to pray at least one verse of the Holy Quran.
4. Ruku – meaning to bend so that the hands reach the knees.
5. Sujood – meaning the forehead to firmly touch the ground and at least one toe on each foot
to be flat so that its base is touching the ground and it’s tip is pointing towards the Qibla.
6. Qaidah-e-Akhira – meaning when the Rakats of Namaz are completed to sit for the duration
it takes so the whole of Tashahhud (attahiyat) is complete until ‘Rusooluh’.
Wajib (Necessary) Actions of Prayer
1. In the Takbeer-e-Tahrima to use the words ‘Allah-o-Akbar’.
2. To recite Surah Al-Fateha.
3. To join a Surat or a verse (Ayat) with Alhamdo. In a Farz Namaz for the first two Rakats
and in a Witr, Sunnat or Nafl Namaz in all the Rakats.
4. To go into Rukoo as soon as the Qirayat is finished.
5. Quwma, meaning to stand up straight after Rukoo.
6. To pause between actions, meaning a gap of time the same as at least one ‘Subhanallah’
between, Rukoo, Sijdah, Quwmaa and Jalsa.
7. When in Sajdah to have three toes on each foot to be flat on the ground and the tips pointing
towards Qibla.
8. Jalsa, meaning to sit up between two Sijdahs.
9. Qaidah-e-Oola, meaning to sit after two Rakats.
10. Not to continue further after Tashahhud (Attahiyat) in a Qaida-e-Oola for a Farz, Witr or
Sunnat-e-Maukida Namaz.
11. To pray in both Qaidah the whole of Tashahhud.
12. To pray ‘Dua-e-Kunoot’ in Witr.
Sajdah-e-Sahoo (Sajdah for Faults)
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When is Sajdah-e-Sahoo Wajib ?
If those actions which are Wajib in Namaz are not performed by mistake, it is Wajib to perform the
Sajdah-e-Sahoo to substitute for the action missed.
Method of Performing Sajdah-e-Sahoo
The method of performing this is, when you finish praying ‘Attahiyat’ in the last Qaidah, turn your
head to the right side and then perform two Sajdahs. Then repeat Attahiyat from the beginning and
complete your Namaz.

Rule: If a Wajib was missed and you did not perform Sajdah-e-Sahoo and completed the
Namaz, then it is Wajib to repeat the Namaz.

Rule: If a Wajib is missed deliberately, then to perform A Sajdah-e-Sahoo would not be
sufficient and therefore it would be Wajib to repeart the Namaz.

Rule: If any of the Farz actions are missed, then Sajdah-e-Sahoo would not compensate for
them and therefore the Namaz would not count and to repeat the Namaz would be Farz.
Congregational prayers or Fridays
Importance of Juma’ah
The Friday prayer (Juma’ah Salat) is very important for Muslims, because it is their weekly Salat
and it is a blessing that Allah bestowed on the Ummah (Muslims) of Muhammad ().
The Prophet () has said, “whoever makes an ablution, and makesit well. Then comes to the Masjid
on Friday for Juma’ah, and listens to the Khutbah attentively and keeps slient, his minor sins
between that Friday and the following Friday will be forgiven, with the addition of three more days.
But he who touches pebbles (during the Salat or Khutbah) has caused an interruption.”
Juma’ah (also rendered juma’ah; Arabic slat al-jumah, “Friday Prayer”) is a congregational prayer
(salah) that Muslims hold every Friday, just afternoon in the place of dhuhr. It is mentioned in the
Quran as:
“O ye who believe! When the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday (The Day of Assembly, hastern
earnestly to the Remembrance of Allah, and leave off business” (Surah Al-Jumah 9 – 10).
Method of Juma’ah Prayer

Friday prayer is incumbent upon all adult males who are residents of the locality. Travelers,
physically handicapped, blind or cripple and seriously sick people are exempted from Friday
prayer.
The time for Jummah Prayer starts after declining of the sun until the end of the Zohar Salat
time. It is sunnah to take bath, trim nails, use scent nad wear clean clothes. Of course, this
should be done at all times.

After the first Azaan, Muslims are supposed to reach in Masjid at their earliest, make
ablution and offer 4 Rakkah Sunnat-e-Mu’akkidah.

The Imaam normally gives a short lecture in the local language to educate people. The
Jumah prayer is half the zuhr (dhuhr) prayer, for convenience, preceded by a Khutbah (a
sermon as a technical replacement of the two reduced raka’at of the ordinary zuhr (dhuhr)
prayer), and followed by a congregational prayer, led by the imam. In most cases the Khatib
also serves as the imam.

The muezzin (muadhdin) makes the call to prayer, called the Adhan, usually 15-20 minutes
prior to the start of Juma’ah. When the khatib takes his place on the minbar, a second adhan,
is made. The khatib is supposed to deliver two sermons, stopping and sitting briefly between
them. In practice, the first sermon is longer and contains most of the content. The second
sermon is very brief and concludes with a dua. These sermons consist of advice based on the
Quran and Hadith about living a Muslim Life.

People should not speak, offer Salaah, make Zikr or use mobiles during the sermon, and
listen attentively.
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
After the second Khutbah, the muezzin calls the iqama. This signals the start of the main
two raka’at prayer of Juma’ah. Imama leads 2 Raka’at Fardh prayers. Friday prayer can’t be
said alone. If someone misses his Jumah Salat, he can perform his Zuhar Salat since it
cannot be prayed Qaza, or after the set time.

Thereafter, the following Salaah are read: 4 Rakaah Sunnat-e-Mu’akkidah, 2 Rakaah
Sunnat-e-Mu’akkidah, and lastly 2 Rakaah Nafil Salaah.

Since Jumah is not Wajib upon the females, they can say their Zohar Sallah at home.
 Nowadays, it is seen that many youngsters rush off from the Masjid immediately after the
Fard Sallah of Jumah. This is a sin as they are leaving out the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet
().
 It is a great sin for a male not to go for Jumah Salaah without a valid excuse.
 Do not come late to the Masjid and miss but on listening to the Jumah Khutbah. Many have
the habit of just entering the Masjid before the end of the Jumah Khutbah and rushing for the
Fard Salaah. This is not a good practice.
Qada Salat (Delayed Prayer)
1. Qada Salah is Salah that is made after the appointed time of that Salah has passed.
2. It is a great sin to intentionally delay reading Salah from its actual time.
3. Qada Salah should be made as soon as possible.
4. There is no Qada for the Sunnah, Nafil or Friday Prayer.
5. If a person misses his Salah during a journey, then his Qada will also become a Qasr Salaah
if he is making the Qada of Zohar, Asar or Isha Salah.
6. Qada has to be made for all Wajib and Fard Salah.
7. If a person has missed many prayers, then he or she may perform the Qada of these prayers
according to the order he or she has chosen. One should also mention before ones Salah
what Qada he or she is about to say.
8. If the Qada of that day’s Fajar Salah is read before Zawaat, then it is better for the person to
also read the Sunnah of the Fajar.
Shortened Prayer (Salat-e-Qasr)
1. This shortening of Salah on a journey is called “Qasr”.
2. Muslims, with the intention of travelling 100 kilometers approximately or more and intend
staying at their sedtination for less than 15 days, must shorten their Salah.
3. The Fard of Zuhr, Asar and Isha prayer is shortened from 4 to 2 Rakkah.
4. The number of Rakaah in the Fard of Maghrib and Fajar Sallah will remain the sme and not
be shortened.
5. The number of Rakaah in the Sunnah and Nafl Salah (the other Salah) will also remain the
same.
6. If the traveler is in a burry, he can leave out the Nafl Salah. However, it is better that he
performs it.
7. When the Musaafir offers prayer behind an Imaam who is not a Musaafir, then the Musaafir
should follow the Imaam during the entire Salah. He must not shorten his Fard Salah.
8. If the Imaam is a Musaafir, he should notify the Musallies (worshippers) before the Fard
Salaah that he is a musaafir. What should the Musallies do? As soon as the imam completes
his Fard Salaah (Remember, that he has shortened his Salaah), and reads the Salaam, the
Musallies must stand up after heaing the first Salaam and complete their last 2 Rakkah.
9. The worshipper should not read Surah Fatiha in these last 2 Rakaah but remain silent as
much as the time it takes to read Surah Fatiha. The worshipper must then complete his
Salaah with Salaams.
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Eid Festivals (Eid-ul-Adha / Id-ul-Adha / Eid-ul-Azha)

Eid ul Adha also known as “Festival of Sacrifice” or “Greater Eid” is an important religious
holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide to commemorate the willingness of Hazrat
Ibrahim (AS) to sacrifice his son Hazrat Ismael (AS) as an act of obedience to Allah, but
instead was able to sacrifice a ram (by Allah’s command).

Eid ul Adha is celebrated annually on the 10th day of the 12th and the last Islamic month of
Dhu Al-Hijjah of the lunar Islamic calendar. Eid ul Adha celebrations start after the Hajj, the
annual pilgrimage to Makkah in Saudi Arabia. Ritual observance of the holiday lasts until
sunset of the 12th day of Dhu Al-Hijjah.

During the celebration of Eid ul Adha, Muslims commemorate and remember Hazrat
Ibrahim’s trials, by themselves slaughtering an animal such as a sheep, camel or goat. The
meat would then be divided into three equal parts to be distributed to others. The family eats
one third, another third is given to relatives, friends and neighbors, and the other third is
given to the poor & needy as a gift.

Hazrat Zaid bin Arqam reported that the companions of Holy Prophet () asked, “Oh!
Messenger of Allah, what is this sacrifice?” He said, “The way of your forefather (Prophet)
Ibrahim (AS).” They said, “What is for us therein, O! Messenger of Allah?” He said, “There
is one reward for every hair.” They said, “For wool, O! Messenger of Allah?” He said,
“There is one reward for every strand of wool!” (Sunan Ibn Majah)
Salat-ul-Eid (Eid Prayer)

Salat ul Eid is Wajib (strongly recommended, just short of obligatory). It consists of two
Raka’ah (units) with six additional Takbirs. It must be offered in congregation. The Salat is
followed by the Khutbah. The Khutbah is part of the worship and listening to it is Wajib
After Salat Imam delivers Khutbah which has two parts. There is a short break between the
two parts of Khutbah. During Khutbah, all talking, reading or using mobile phone is
forbidden.

In Khutbah, the Imam reminds the community about its responsibilities and obligations
towards Allah, fellow feelings of sacrifice and struggle for Allah are aroused in the
community.

At the conclusion of the Salat the Muslims convey greetings to each other (Eid Mubarak),
give reasonable gifts (Eidi) to the youngsters and visit each other at their homes. Muslims
also take this opportunity to invite their non-Muslims neighbors, co-workers, classmates and
business acquaintances to Eid Festivities to expose them to Islam and Muslim culture.
Eid-ul-Fitr

Eid ul Fitr, or Idu l –Fitr), often abbreviated to Eid, is a Muslim holiday that marks the end
of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting (sawm). The religious Eid is a single day and
Muslims are not permitted to fast that day. Eid is an Arabic word meaning “Festivity”, while
Fitr means “breaking the fast”. The holiday celebrates the conclusion of the 29 or 30 days of
dawn-to-sunset fasting during the entire month of Ramadan. The day of Eid, therefore, falls
on the first day of the month Shawwal. This is a day where Muslims around the world try to
show a common goal of unity.

Eid ul Fitr has a particular salat (Islamic prayer) consisting of two Raka’ah (units) and
generally offered in an open field or large Masjid. It may only be performed in congregation
(Jama’at) and has an additional extra six Takbirs (raising of the hands to the ears while
saying “Allahu Akbar” [God is Great]), three of them in the beginning of the first raka’ah
and three of them just before ruku’ in the second raka’ah in the Hanafi school.

After Salat Imam delivers Khutba which has two parts. There is a short break between the
two parts of Khutbah. During Khutbah, all talking, reading or using mobile phone is
forbidden.
Eid prayer is Wajib upon all Muslims. It is not permissible to miss the Eid prayer without
any valid reason.
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
As much as Eid is a time of rejoicing, it is also a time of giving and sharing with those less
fortunate than one self. The Holy Prophet () would always be the first to congratulate the
poor and the orphans. We should also try to be as kind as possible on this day to our fellow
Muslims. The Holy Prophet () has stated, “Smiling in the face of your brother is Charity.”

Hazrat ‘Abdullah ibn Abbas’ reported that the Messenger of Allah prescribed Sadqatul Fitr,
so that the fasts (kept throughout the month of Ramadan) may be purified from any
falsehood, wrongdoing or evil talk, and (at the same time) it shall assist to feed the poor and
the needy. [Sunan Abi Dawood]
Terms Uses in Shariah
 FARZ: Fard are those actions ordered by Almighty Allah and are compulsory. Anyone who
rejects or denies a Fard becomes out of the fold of Islam.
FARD-E-KIFAAYAH: Fard-e-Kifaayah are those actions which are compulsory, but if
they are performed by a few or a single Muslim, it ends the responsibility of other Muslims.
For example, attending the Salaatul Janazah.
 WAAJIB: Waajib actions are those actions which are second to Fard. If a person leaves out
a Waajib action then that person commits a great sin.
SUNNAH: Sunnah are those actions which have been performed by Holy Prophet (). We
should also try to follow these actions to get Thawaab.
SUNNAT-E-MU’AKKIDAH: Sunnat-e-Mu’akkidah are those actions which have been
performed by Holy Prophet () regularly without a break. A person must perform these
actions regularly for, by neglecting these actions, heorshe becomes a sinner.
 SUNNAT-E-GHAIR MU’AKKIDAH: Sunnat-e-Ghair Mu’akkidah are those actions
which were performed by Holy Prophet () with occasional breaks e.g. four Sunnah of Asar
and Isha Salaah.
NAFIL OR MUSTAHAB: Nafil or Mustahab are those actions which are approved by
Shariah (Islamic Law). A person who performs these actions will receive Thawaab. If they
are neglected then it would not makeup a sin.
HARAAM: Haraam actions are those actions that are clearly forbidden by Almighty Allah.
If a person rejects this prohibition, then he or she becomes a Kaafir. One who performs a
Haraam act is a great sinner. For example, it is Haraam to gamble, drink alcohol and to eat
pork.
MAKROOH: Makrooh actions are those actions disliked by Shariah.
MAKROOH-E-TAHREEMI: Makrooh Tahreemi is an action that is close to Haraam and
brings punishment to those who do it. It must be avoided. Using obscene language,
performing a voluntary (nafl) salat before Salat al-maghrib etc. are the examples of Makrooh
Tehreemi.
 MAKROOH-E-TANZEEHI: Makrooh-e-Tanzeehi is such an action that if it is avoided
brings Thawaab, but if the action is carried out then there is no punishment for instance,
cleaning one’s nose with his right hand.
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The Role of Masjid (Mosque) in the Muslim Community
 The Mosque is a focal point for the Muslim community, after home and workplace it is the
most frequented place for a Muslim. The Mosque primarily is a place of worship, but also
serves as an education centre for all members of the family and has many other functions.
 A Mosque is led by a person known as the Imam, who is respected accordingly for his wide
knowledge of Islam and the Quran.
 Traditionally, the Imam plays the role of a leader, teacher, advisor and a judge in minor
disputes. He delivers sermons on Friday and Eid. He also conducts programs on special
occasions as in the month of Ramadan and Milad-un-Nabi in Rabi-ul-Awal.
 Masjid is centre of learning in Muslim community.
 It is likely that there will be some differences in perspective from Mosque to Mosque due to
the fact that Islam allows a difference in opinion as long as it is not in conflict with the
sacred taxes.
 The role of the Mosque in general is to help with family life. All Mosque now run
Madrasahs (Mosque schools) for boys and girls. They’re held on weeknights and Sundays
and teach children about Islam, how to read the Quran in Arabic and how Muslims should
behave.
 The Mosque is also a place, which is also used as an Islamic Law Court for matters which
concern Islamic Law. Muslims can gather here and discuss the problems that they face in
their daily life.
 Marriage ceremonies (Nikah) are held in Masjid.
 It serves as a treasury for collection and distribution of Zakat Fitrah and Charity.
 On Friday, we see the local community filling up the Mosques; this is because they have
come to pray Jumah.
 Community gatherings are usually held at Mosques, particularly at the time of Eid, Twice a
year, when there is a big celebration after the prayers. These community gatherings give a
chance to the Muslim Community to familiarize.
 Masjid plays important role to establish brotherhood, equality, unity and discipline in
Muslim community.
 The Mosque also enables the Muslims to retain their Islamic identity, to remain loyal to their
faith and to the Islamic Shari’ah.
Dua / Private Prayer / Invocation / Supplication

Dua or prayer is to invoke ALLAH (swt) for any matter at any time of the day. We are
encouraged by Islam to ask for anything any time of day without hesitation. Dua makes
one humble because when we make dua, we surrender ourselves to ALLAH by our will.

When we make dua, we are sure that we are asking the entity for WHO nothing is
impossible. By making dua, we admit that we are weak and we cannot have any other
protector then ALLAH. Hence, dua is a tool for u to be safe from troubles and to feel
ourselves nearer to ALLAH.

There are several places in Quran where ALLAH (swt) encourages us to ask HIM for
our needs and for our trouble and for forgiveness and for any matter related to our lives.
“And when my servants ask you concerning me, [tell them] I am indeed near. I respond
to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls.” Al-Quran 2:187.
“And your lord said, invoke me and I will respond to your invocation.” Al-Quran 40:60
“Hazrat Aisha (RA) said, “No believer makes dua and it is wasted. Either it is granted here in this
world or deposited for him in the Hereafter as long as he does not get frustrated.”
“For any one among your, if the door of acceptance of du’a is opened, then the doors of His Mercy
are also opened. The best du’a Allah likes is the one in which the caller asks for the goodness of this
world and the goodness of the next world.” [At-Tirmidhi]
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Hazrat Abu Hurairah (RA) narrated that the Prophet () said: “There is an hour on Friday and if a
Muslim gets it while offering Salat (prayer) and asks something from Allah (Ta’ala), then Allah
(Ta’ala) will definitely meet his demand.” And he (the Prophet ()) pointed out the shortness of that
time with his hands.” [Sahih Al-Bukhari]
The Prophet () was asked: “O Messenger of Allah, which supplication is heard (by Allah
(Ta’ala), he said the end of the night and at the end of the obligatory Salat (prayer).”
[Tirmidhi]
“The supplications will not be rejected (by Allah (Ta’ala), the supplication of the parent for his
child, the supplication of the one who is fasting, and the supplication of the traveler).”
(SAUM) Fasting
Importance of Fasting:

The month of Ramadan is the ninth month of the lunar year. Fasting became an obligation
on the Muslims in the second year migration.

Fasting was made obligatory in the second year of Hijrah/624 AD. It was explicitly stated in
Verse 183 of Surat Al-Baqarah: (O believers’, Fasting is an obligation upon you as it was
ordained upon the [Muslim Nations] before you – to help you become pious.)

Fasting was an obligation upon nations before the nation [Ummah] of Prophet Muhammad
() however; fasting the month of Ramadan in particular is a specification for the nation of
Prophet Muhammad () only.

Fasting in the month of Ramadan helps us to understand the suffering and the pains of the
poor and needy. We learn how to be more kind nad generous in this month.

Ibn ‘ Abbas (RA) and his father, relates that “The Prophet (), was the most generous
of people. He was even more generous in Ramadan when Jibraiel (AS) would meet him
and review the Quran with him. Jibraiel (AS) would come to him every night of
Ramadan to review the Quran. During these times, the Messenger of Allah (), was
more generous than the freely blowing wind.” (Al-Bukhari and Muslim).

Our Beloved Prophet () said that “Ramadan is a month whose beginning is Mercy,
whose middle is Forgiveness and whose end is freedom from the fire.”

The Holy Prophet () said: “Every good deed is rewarded from ten to seven hundred
times, except for the reward of fasting.” In other words, there is no limit for the reward of
fasting. Allah (SWT) will give the reward for fasting Himself and will not delegate this task
to the angels.

During this month Nafal is rewarded as Farz, and one Farz is rewarded as seventy Faraiz.
Social Benefits of Fasting:
Sympathy With The Poor and Hungry
Anyone who has experienced the pangs of hunger while fasting must sympathy with the poor and
with homeless refugees to who hunger is a common experience. During the fasting month it is
common express this sympathy by giving out food as and when one can afford it, and this practice
is encourage at any time of the year as an important act of charity. The act of giving food to those in
need is made compulsory at the end of the fasting month when Zakatul-Fitr is to given out on behalf
of every member of the family of those who have the mean.
Unity, Brotherhood and Charity
The fast of Ramadan helps the Muslims to be aware of their unity. From the moment the new moon
is seen, the whole Muslim world enters into the spiritual discipline of fasting. Mutual awareness and
mutual sympathy between Muslims is increased. We try doing more acts of charity towards each
other. We bear in mind that back-biting gossip, quarrelling and so on can take away the spiritual
benefits and reward of our fasting, as shown in a Hadith from Hazrat Abu Hurayrah in which the
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Prophet is reported to have said: “if a person does not keep away from falsehood and false conduct
Allah has no need of his fast.” (Bukhari).
According to another Hadith “If someone tries to pick a quarrel with a Muslim who is fasting he is
to control himself and reply “I am fasting.” By all these means Muslims cultivate peace and
brotherhood during the holy month. May Allah accept our Ramadan.
How to Observe Fasting in the Month of Ramadan?
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar Muslims from all over the world will wait with
anticipation for the spotting of the crescent moon to mark the beginning of month of fasting, the
month of Ramadan.
Fasting in the Month of Ramadan is Fard obligatory upon every adult Muslim male and female,
who are is physically fit, with the exclusion of the sick, pregnant, or any other medical condition
that is affected by the fast, will abstain from any food, drink, marital relations, and bad habits as
smoking from sun up to sun down.
Suhoor / Sahri
Each day before dawn, Muslims observe a pre – fast meal called Suhoor. Taking Sahri is Sunnah of
the Holy Prophet ().
It is necessary to make the intention of Fasting before Fasting. The intention can be said with words
or made in one’s heart.
After closing fast before dawn, Muslims hasten to pray the first prayer of theday, the Fajr prayer.
Iftar (Breaking of Fast)
After a long day of fasting and abstaining from eating, drinking, and marital relation, Muslims
break their fasts by eating a meal called the iftar. Iftar is done right after Maghrib (sunset) time.
Iftar is one of the religious observances of Ramadan and is often done as a community, with people
gathering to break their fast together.
Traditionally, three dates are eaten to break the fast, in the tradition of the prophet Muhammad (),
who broke his fast in this manner.
Muslims believe that feeding someone iftar as a form of charity, is very rewarding and that it was
practiced by Prophet Muhammad ().
Tarawih and Recitation of the Quran
In additional to fasting, Muslims are encouraged to read the entire Quran. Some Muslims perform
the recitation of the entire Quran by means of special prayers, called Tarawih. These voluntary
prayers are held in the mosques every night of the month, during which a whole section of the
Quran (Juz’, which is 1/30 of the Quran) is recited. Therefore, the entire Quran would be completed
at the end of the moth. Although, it is not required to read the whole Quran in the Salatul Tarawih
prayers, it is common.
Itikaf
The literal definition of the Arabic work I’tikaf is to say in a particular place. However, in Islam it
means to stay in a Masjid for a particular time period in the worship of Allah while maintaining
certain conditions.
Itikaf is a practice which offers individuals an opportunity to retreat into the mosque for the
last ten days of Ramadan, meditating on their spiritual practice and fast. What is important in
this period is to obey the commandments of Allah, to refrain from the things which He has
prohibited.
Laylat al-Qadr
Sometimes referred to as “the night of power” or “the night of decree”, Laylat at-Qadr is
considered the most holy night of the year. This is the night in which the first revelation of the
Quran was sent down to Muhammad () stating that this night was “better than one thousand moths
[of proper worship], as stated in Chapter 97:3 of the Quran.”
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Also, generally, Laylat al-Qadr is believed to have occurred on an odd-numbered night during the
last 10 days of Ramadan, i.e., either the night of the 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th, or 29th.
Zakat and Sadaqa
In Islam all good deeds are more handsomely rewarded in Ramadan than in any other month of the
year Consequently, many will choose this time to give a larger portion, if not all, of the Zakat and
charity for which they are obligated to give.
When the fast is over at the end of the month, Muslims celebrate a holiday called Eid-ul-Fitr (The
feast of fast breaking). During this time, people are encouraged to feast with one another and
exchange gifts. A large congregational prayer is also prayed on the first day of Shawaal, usually
outside, which is the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad ().
Persons Exempted from Fasting
1. Travelers (Travelers may break the fast temporarily during their travel only and makeup for
it in later days, a day for a day).
2. Very sick persons. (They may postpone the fast, as long as they are sick, to a later date and
makeup for it, a day for a day).
3. Men and women who are too old and feeble to undertake the obligation of fast and bear its
hardships. Such people are exempted from this duty, but they must offer, at least, one needy
poor Muslim an average full meal or its value per person per day.
4. Pregnant women and women breast-feeding their children may also break the fast, if its
observance is likely to endanger their own health or that of their infants.
5. Women who have their monthly sickness or who have just given birth.
(But they must make up for the fast at a delayed time, a day for a day)
6. Insane people who are not accountable for their deeds.
7. Underage Children.
Qaza Fasting (Delayed Fasting)
Fasting break if a person has done one or more of the following acts. The person will have to keep
the Fast again as a Qaza Fast. What are the acts that break the fast?
1. To let water down the throat while fasting.
2. To vomit intentionally.
3. To eat or drink in error and to continue to eat or drink when one realizes that one is fasting.
4. To prolong the Sehri after the dawn.
5. To open fast before the actual time of Iftaar.
Kaffarah
If a person deliberately or intentionally breaks his or her Fast by eating or drinking, and then he or
she must observe Kaffarah. This means that he or she must pay penalty for the fast that has been
broken.
How can this be done?
1. One has to fast continuously for 60 days.
2. One can feed 60 people two proper meals.
Fidya (Expiation)
Any person who cannot fast because of old age or some serious illness, for which there is no cure,
should give Fidya for every Fast that they have missed. The amount that should be given as Fidya is
as follows:
1. One kg and 700 g of wheat or its value.
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So if a person has missed 30 Fasts, then any one of the above provision that a person wishes to give,
should be multiplied by 30!
Zakat (Alms – Giving)
Importance of Zakat

Linguistically, ZAKAT has two meanings: purification and growth. Technically, it means
to purify ones possession of wealth by distributing a prescribed amount to the poor, the
indigent, the salves or captives, and the wayfarer.

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam.

It has been mentioned, along with daily Prayers (Salaat / Namaz), over seventy times in the
Quran.

Allah’s word commanding “…..and establish regular Salaat and GIVE regular Zakat…..”
are referred to in many parts of the Quran.

From this we can conclude that after Salat, Zakat is the most important act in Islam.

Just as Salat is the most important act of worship which has to be performed bodily, so is
Zakat the main act of worship which has to be performed monetarily, those who fulfill this
duty have been promised abundant reward in this world and hereafter.

Allah says in the Quran: “The parable of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is
that of a gain of corn. It grows seven ears and each ear has hundred grains. Allah increases
manifold to whom He pleases.”

It is stated in the Hadith that by giving Zakat the following benefits are derived:

Gain the pleasure of Allah. Increase in wealth and protection from losses. Allah’s
forgiveness and blessings.

Protection from the wrath of Allah and from a bad death.
Individual Impact / Benefits

Self – Purification: Zakat, on one hand, purifies the individual who gives Zakat from
selfishness and indifference, while, on the other, it purifies those who receives Zakat from
the feelings of hatred against the wealthy people. Thus, it creates love for others in the
individual and saves him from self – indulgence and ego-centricity.

Generosity: Zakat is a sort of journey from inside to the outside. He learns to come out of
the race of personal interest and think for other human beings. He extends financial help to
the poor and the needy. It cleanses an individual from selfishness and miserliness.

Sincerity of Faith: Zakat payer pays his dues to Allah as an act of worship, a token of
submission and an acknowledgment of gratitude. The receiver of Zakat receives it as a grant
from Allah out of His bounty, a favor for which he is thankful to Allah. Because in the
words of Holy Quran, it is the characteristic of the hypocrites that “they come not to worship
save reluctantly.”
Communal Benefits / Social Advantages of Zakat

Zakat remind Muslims of the fact that whatever wealth they may possess is due to the
blessings of Allah and as such it is to be spent on less privileged members of the society.
1. Social Security: Zakat functions as a social security for all. Those who have enough money
today pay for what they have. If they need money tomorrow, they will get what is necessary
to help them live decently.
2. Circulation of Wealth: Zakat keeps wealth in circulation and tus it benefits the whole
society. The holy Prophet () advised his companion Mua’az bin Jabal, while he was
proceeding to Yaman “to teach them that Allah has made it obligatory for them to pay the
Zakat from their property and it is to be taken from the wealthy among them and given to the
poor.”
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Thus Zakat helps a lot in decreasing poverty. If proper Zakat system is established, the
poverty will vanish away from the earth. It reminds all Muslims that they are responsible for
others besides themselves.
3. Human Brotherhood: Zakat brings the people closer to each other and ensures real
brotherhood in the true sense of the word and spirit. The holy Quran has made performance
of ‘Salat’ and payment of ‘Zakat’ both as pre-requisites of Islamic brotherhood. The Quran
says: - “But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor – due (Zakat). Then they
are your brethren in religion.”
4. Social Welfare Organizations: Many social organizations, Islamic school and hospitals are
funded with Zakat money.
5. Peace and Prosperity: Zakat ensures social justice by bringing financial balance among
various section of Society.
How Zakat is Performed / Carried out?
Rate of Zakat
 Zakat is obligatory upon a person if:
 He or she is an adult, sane, free and Muslim
 He / She must possess wealth in excess of specified minimum (Nisaab) excluding his or her
personal needs (clothing, household furniture, utensils, cars etc. are termed article of
personal needs).
 It should be possessed for a complete lunar year. It should be of productive nature from
which one can derive profit or benefit such as merchandise for business, gold silver,
livestock etc.
“The amount of wealth which makes one liable for Zakat is called Nisaab.”
 Gold 87.48 Gram 7.5 Tolas.
 Silver 612.36 Gram 52.5 Tolas
 Nisaab of cash, stock or bonds, other cash assets is the equivalent amount of Gold or Silver.
Nisaab is calculated by adding up the cash value of all the assets such as gold, silver,
currency etc. and if it is equal to or in excess of the minimum Nisaab, Zakat is due at the rate
of 2.5%.
 The payment of Zakat is compulsory on the excess wealth which is equal to or exceeds the
value of Nisaab, and which is possessed for a full Islamic year.
 If such wealth decreases during the course of the year and increase again to the value of
Nisaab before the end of the year, the Zakat then must be calculated on the full amount that
is possessed at the end of the year.
Wealth on which Zakat is Imposed:
 Gold and silver, in any form.
 Cash bank notes, stocks, bonds etc.
 Merchandise for business, equal to the value of Nisaab.
 Live stock. (cattle – cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep and camels).
 On income derived from rental business.
 Land Tax (Ushar).
 Mines (Khums)
Wealth on which Zakat is Not Imposed:

On any metals other than gold or silver.

Fixtures and fittings of a shop, car, trucks or any delivery vehicle etc., which is used in
running business.
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
Diamonds, pearls, other precious or semi precious stones which are for personal use.

There is no Zakat on personal residence, household furniture pots and pan, personal
clothing, whether they are in use or not.
Recipients of Zakat / Beneficiaries of Zakat
The recipients of Zakat, according to Quran are as follows:
“Alms are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to administer (the funds); for those
whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to truth); for those in bondage and in dept; and for
the wayfarer: (Thus is it) ordained by Allah and Allah is full of knowledge and Wisdom.” (Quran
9:60)
1. FUQARA: People who are poor and who possess more than their basic needs but do not
possess wealth equal to Nisaab.
2. MASAKEEN: people who are destitute and extremely needy to the extent they are forced to
beg for their daily food rations.
3. AL-AMILEEN: people appointed by an Islamic Government to collect Zakat.
4. MU-ALLAFATUL-QULUB: persons who have recently accepted Islam and are in need of
basic necessities who would benefit from encouragement by Muslims which would help
strengthen their faith.
5. AR-RIQAAB: slaves who are permitted to work for remuneration and have an agreement
from their masters to purchase their freedom on payment of fixed amounts.
6. AL-GHAARIMEEN: persons who have a debt and do not possess any other wealth or
goods with which they could repay that which they owe. It is conditional that this debt was
not created for any un-Islamic purpose.
7. FI-SABILILLAH: person who have to carry out an obligatory deed which has become
obligatory on them and subsequently (due to loss of wealth) are unable to complete that
obligation.
8. IBN-US-SABEEL: persons who are travelers and during the course of their journey do not
possess basis necessities, though they are well to do at home. They could be given Zakat in
order to fulfill travel needs to return home.
Persons Who Cannot Be Given Zakat
1. Zakat cannot be given to the descendants of Muhammad ().
2. Zakat cannot be given to parents and grandparents.
3. In the same manner one’s children and grandchildren cannot be given Zakat.
4. A husband and wife cannot give Zakat to each other.
Hajj
Importance:
The word Hajj, linguistically, means heading to a place for the sake of visiting; in Islamic
terminology, it implies heading to Makkah to observe the rituals of pilgrimage.

It is the fifth pillar of Islam. It was made obligatory in 9 AH/631AD. It is performed in the
month of Zil-Hajj, 12th month of Islamic Calendar.

Hajj is obligated by Allah upon every adult Muslim, male and female, if one can afford it
physically, financially and safely.

It is obligatory only once during the lifetime of a Muslim. Allah Almighty says, “And Hajj
(pilgrimage to Makkah) to the House (Ka’bah)is a duty that mankind owes to Allah, those
who can afford the journey (expenses for one’s conveyance, provision and residence).”
[Quran 3:97]
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
The Prophet () said: “Islam is built upon five (Pillars): the testimony that none has the
right to be worshipped except Allah and Muhammad() is the Messenger of Allah, the
establishment of the prayer, paying Zakat, Hajj to the House (i.e. Ka’bah) and fasting in
Ramadan.” [Muslim]

Hajj is not a new institution introduced by Islam; rather it is as old as the Ka’bah itself.
Allah Almighty Says (what means): “Indeed, the first House [of worship] established for
mankind was that at Bakkah [i.e., Makkah] – blessed and guidance to the worlds” [Quran
3:96]
Spiritual Benefits
1. Hajj is rightly said to be the perfection of faith, since it combines in itself all the distinctive
qualities of other obligatory acts of prayer, patience, deprivation of facilities of life,
devotion, Zakat (alms), slaughtering the sacrifice and supplication.
2. It is one of the best deeds: H.Abu Hurayrah () reported that the Prophet () was once
asked: “What is the best deed?” He replied: “to believe in Allah and His Messenger.” The
enquirer then asked: “What next?” The Prophet () replied: “To fight in the cause of
Allah.” He again asked: “What is the next best thing?” He () replied: “Hajj ‘Mabroor’
(i.e., the Hajj that is free of sin and all its pillars and conditions are fulfilled).” [Al-Bukhari]
3. It is a form of Jihad: The Prophet () also said: “Hajj is the Jihad for the old, the weak
and the women.” [Nasaa’i]
4. It wipes away past sins: Hazrat Abu Hurayrah () reported that the Prophet () said: “He
who performs Hajj seeking Allah’s pleasure and avoids all lewdness and sins (therein) will
return after Hajj free from all sins, just as he was on the day his mother gave birth to him.”
[Al-Bukhari]
5. Pilgrims are the Guests of Allah and their prayers/supplications are answered.
The Prophet () said: “Pilgrims and those performing ‘Umrah are Allah’s guests; their
prayers are answered and their supplications for forgiveness are granted.” [An-Nasaa’i]
6. The Reward of Hajj is Paradise: The Prophet () said: “All sins committed in between the
performance of one ‘Umrah and the next are expiated and erased, and the reward of Hajj
‘Mabroor’ is nothing save Paradise.” [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
7. Pilgrims exhibit the complete submission to Allah and pronounce the Oneness of Allah.
8. Pilgrims get acquainted with the spiritual and historical environment of Prophet Muhammad
() and Hazrat Ibrahim () which strengthen their faith.
9. Hajj is a reminder of the Grand Assembly of the Day of Judgment when people will stand
equal before Allah waiting for their final destiny.
Social / Communal / Benefits / Advantages of Hajj
1. Hajj is the best means to strengthen religious communication and coordination among the
Muslims of the whole world bailing from different countries with ehtir separate nationality,
race, language and colour and to collect them on a single platform thereby making them
rally round the banner of “Kalimah Tauheed” (the Code of Oneness of Allah) which is the
pivot of Islam.
2. Hajj is a way of showing dedication to Islam, by performing one of the Pillars. It confirms
commitment of Muslims to Allah.
3. In Hajj, we learn how to develop the Spirit of Unity and brotherhood. It teaches us,
practically, the real human rights when you find people equal during praying, worshiping,
and during performing the rituals.
4. It is an annual Muslim convention attended by Muslims from different horizons, colors,
races, and languages.
5. So it provides a means for sharing views and learning.
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6. Hajj is the biggest world gathering in the world. It is a demonstration of unity of Muslims
and universality of Islam. It inspires Muslims by reminding them of the strength of their
faith.
7. Hajj is a source of promoting commerce and trade. In Makkah, Madina and surroundings are
dependent on pilgrimage – generated business.
Main observances / Activities of Hajj
Ihram: The literal meaning of Ihram is “to prohibit.”

Ihram is a kind of religious uniform to perform Hajj or Umrah, containing of two white
sheets of unstitched cloth – a loin cloth and a shoulder cover, a dress required only for men,
not of women.

Women are allowed to wear stitched clothes, jewelry, and use scarf to cover head and hairs,
but face should be kept open.

If necessary Ihram can be washed and even replaced. When Ihram is put on, there are certain
things that become unlawful.

One can be freed from Ihram restrictions only when all requirements is accomplished for
which the Ihram has been adopted, and not by just replacing Ihram cloth.

Both shoulders are be kept covered, and right shoulder to be kept open (Known as Izteba)
only during Tawaf of Kaba, the “House of Allah.”

After wearing Ihram one makes intention to perform Hajj or Umrah. Ihram must be put on
before entering Miqaat. (boundaries from where you cannot proceed without Ihram).
Restrictions of Ihram
Six things become prohibited for Muslims.
4 Things Are Prohibited For Both Men And Women:
1. Hunting the earthly animals or even guiding towards the prey.
2. Getting a haircut or cutting nails.
3. Using perfume / fragrance of any kind.
4. Matrimonial relation with spouse and everything related to it to the extent of even talk about
it.
2 Things Are Prohibited Only For Men:
1. To wear sewn clothes.
2. To cover the head and the face.
 If any the above is done in Ihram, then as per the rule, Kaffara (expiation) and / or Sadqa
(charity) will become Wajib.
Significance of Ihram

It is the expression of one’s intention to perform Hajj or Umrah.

It is a symbol of total renunciation of worldly life in order to get purified and to raise the
soul to a high spiritual level of consciousness of Allah and the Eternal life.

It makes the pilgrim humble, equal to others, and establish uniformity.

The restrictions of the state of Ihram are very rigorous in terms of the way the pilgrim
behaves with others, with himself, and with Allah and also interms of using regular worldly
things such as putting perfume, cutting one’s hair…. Etc.
The Holy Ka’bah
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
The Ka’bah ("The Cube”), also known as “Al-Baytullah” “The House of Allah” is a cuboidshaped building located inside the Masjid Al-Haram (the “Sacred Mosque”) in the center of
Makkah, Saudi Arabia, and is the most sacred site in Islam.

The Ka’bah was the first House of worship on the earth appointed by Allah for His worship.
Allah says: “The first house of worship appointed for mankind was that of Bakka (Makkah),
full of blessing and guidance for all” (Quran-Aal Imran: 96)

This small building has been constructed and reconstructed by Prophet Hazrat Adam (),
Hazrat Ibrahim (), Hazrat Ismail () and Hazrat Muhammad (). No other building has
had this honor. The Southestern corner of the Ka’bah contains Black Stone (Hajr-e-Aswad).
Significance

Ka’bah is the spiritual center of the believers. It refers to the close bond that should be
between a believer and his Lord. A believer turns toward the Ka’bah five times a day during
the prescribed Prayers.

Tawaf (Circumambulation) is performed by pilgrims during Hajj and Umrah.

Circumambulation the Ka’bah is a symbolic act of worship. It indicates the believer’s utter
submission to Almighty Allah laone. Since the days of Hazrat Ibrahim () people have been
coming from far and wide to perform Hajj and Umrah.
Tawaf of the Holy Ka’bah
 Tawaf is one of the Islamic rituals of pilgrimage. During the Hajj and Umrah, Muslims are
to circumambulate the Ka’bah seven times, in a counterclockwise direction.
 The circle begins from the Black Stone (Al-Hajar Al-Aswad) on the corner of the Ka’bah. If
possible, Muslims are to kiss or touch it, but this is often not possible because of the large
crowds, so it is acceptable for them to simply pint or hold up their hand to the Stone on
each circuit. [istelaam]. They are also to make the Takbeer (Allah o Akbar) each time they
approach.
 For men, it is recommended to make the first three circuits at a hurried pace, followed by
four times, more closely, at a leisurely pace. (RAMAL)
 At the end of the circling, Muslims go to the Station of Ibrahim to pray two Nafl Prayer
Rak’ahs, and then drink water from the sacred Well of Zamzam, before proceeding to the
next ritual of the Hajj.
Types of Tawaf
There are several types of tawaf that can be performed:
1. Tawaf -e- Qudum (“arrival tawaf”) is performed by those not residing in Mecca once
reaching the Holy City.
2. Tawaf -e- Tahiyah is performed after entering the Masjid Al-Haram at any other times and
is mustahab. (Desirable)
3. Tawaf -e- Umrah refers to the tawaf performed specifically for Umrah.
4. Tawaf -e- Wada (“farewell tawaf”) is performed before leaving Mecca.
5. Tawaf -e- Ziyarah, Tawaf -e- Ifadah or Tawaf -e- Hajj is performed after casting stones,
sacrificing animals (hadi) shaving the hair.
Significance of Tawaf

The circling is believed to demonstrate the unity of the believers in the worship of the One
Allah, as they move in harmony together around the Ka’bah, while supplicating to Allah.

We also imitate the angels who circumambulate around Al-Bayt Al-Ma’amour – the filled
house – above in the seven Heaven as reported in many authentic hadiths.

Allah Almighty commands believers to circumambulate the Holy Ka’bah in the following
verse: “And circumambulate the Ancient House” (Al-Quran 22:29)
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Sa’y (Running)

Sa’y means rapidly walking seven times back and forth between the hills of Safa and
Marwah.

Hazrat Hajrah, the mother of Hazrat Ismaeel () and the wife of Ibrahim () performed
Sa’y when she was looking for water for her son. After she relied on Allah and assured
Hazrat Ibrahim () that Allah won’t leave them without help (he left with them some dates
and water but soon it was finished after a couple of days…).

She was certain that Allah would not forsake her and her son. In that remote place, water
sprung out from under the feet of Ismaeel () the baby. This source of water is today called
the Well of Zamzam.
Significance of Sa’y

In Sa’y we commemorate after the conviction of Hazrat Hajrah. She had strong faith in
Allah. She prayed to Allah and searched water by going back and forth between As – Safa
and Al-Marwah.

Allah answered her du’a and blessed her with water that run and never stopped in an arid
and rocky land.

Allah wants us to learn from her to the point that he made Sa’y between As-Safa and AlMarwah one of the Pillars of Hajj and Umrah. Allah says: “Behold! As-Safa and Al-Marwah
are among the Symbols of Allah.”
Talbiyah

The Tabliyah is a prayer invoked by the pilgrims as a conviction that they intend to perform
the Hajj only for the glory of Allah.

Talbiyah is repeatedly invoked during the Hajj, or Umrah, upon putting on the Ihram, so the
pilgrims can purify and rid themselves of worldly concerns.

The text of the talbiyah is: Labbayka Allahumma Labbayk La Sharika Laka Labbayk Inna lHamda, Wa n-Niamata, Laka Wal Mulk, La Sharika Lak.

[Here I am, O Allah, here I am. Here I am, You have no partner, here I am. Verily all praise
and blessings are yours, and all sovereignty, You have no partner.]
Significance of Talbiyah

Hajj is the symbol of Tawhid (the Oneness of Allah) from the first moment the

Pilgrim enters Ihram and makes intention to perform Hajj.

It is stopped after stoning the devil on 10th of Zul-Hajj.

The meanings of the Talbiyah are confirming love of Allah when says “Labbayk” (Here I
am at your service)

It implies sincerity and drawing close, so it emphasizes the meaning of seeking to draw
closer and closer to Allah.

Praising Allah, which is the dearest thing with which a person may draw close to Allah.

Recognizing the blessing of Allah, for He is the source of all blessings and the One Who
bestows them.

Acknowledging that all sovereignty belongs to Allah alone, and no one else has any true
dominion.

When the pilgrim is reciting the Talbiyah, he feels a connection with all other created
beings, as they all join with him in submission to Allah alone and echo his Talbiyah.
Arriving at Mina
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On 8th day of Dul-Hajj the pilgrims reach at Mina early in the morning after performing TawaafQudoom. A pilgrim offers Duhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha’ prayers at Mina and camp there for the
night.
Arriving at Arafat

On 9th day of Dul-Hajj, after offering Fajr prayer, a pilgrim should move to Arafat. Stay at
Arafat is called Waqoof and is the most important part of Hajj.

Without this, Hajj cannot be considered complete. If someone misses Waqoof, he should
perform Hajj the following year. One listens to the sermon at the place of Arafat and offers
combined Zuhr and Asr prayers. One should stay at Arafat till sunset (Maghrib).

One leaves Arafat after sunset and reaches Muzdalifah in the night of 10th Dul-Hajj.
Combined Maghrib and Isha’ prayers are offered at Muzdalifah. The pilgrims spend the
night at Muzdalifah.
Significance of Arafat

Hazrat Adam () and Hazrat his wife Eve were reunited on this very plain after their
descent from Paradise.

‘Arafat is the symbol of unity and solidarity because it is a pillar of Hajj that should be done
by all the pilgrims in the same place and at the same time following the same way.

The day of Arafah reminds us also of the Day of Judgment when we will all stand up
waiting for the Just Judgment of Allah Almighty.

Arafat is also another symbol of manifestation of Tawheed in terms of the unified collective
standing of all the pilgrims at the same time in the same place.

Holy Prophet Muhammad () his last sermon on the plain of Arafat.

Stay at Arafat on 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah is obligatory observance of Hajj.
Arriving at Muzdalifah

After sunset on the 9th day of the Islamic month of Dhu Al-Hijjah, pilgrims leave the plain
of Arafat for Muzdalifah.

Muzdalifah is 6 miles from Makkah, between Mina and Arafat.

This place is called the Sacred Monument in the Quran. (Mash’ar ul Haram)

One can stay anywhere in Muzdalifah except the Wadi Muhasirin where the Ashab-e-Fil
Were destroyed.

Maghrib and Isha prayers are offered combined.

49/70 pebbles for stoning the devil are picked up here.

After Fajr prayers of 10th, leave for Mina.
Rami (Stoning) of Jamarat

Stoning the three stone pillars called Jamarat.

Three pillars are Jamarat-ul-Uqba, Jamarat-ul-Wusta and Jamarat-ul-Sughra.

Satan tried to deceive Hazrat Ibrahim (), as he was about to offer Hazrat Ismail () for
sacrifice to Allah.

It is in memory of this that Rami is performed.

On the 10th day of Dhu Al-Hijjah (Eid-ul-Adha), pilgrims must hit the large Jamrah only
with 7 pebbles.

On each of the following two days they must hit each of the three walls with 7 pebbles,
going in order from eact to west.
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
At least 49 pebbles are needed for the ritual, more if some throws miss.

Some pilgrims stay at Mina for an additional day; in this case they must again stone each
wall 7 times.

The pebbles used in the stoning are traditionally gathered at Muzdalifah, a plain southeast of
Mina, on the night before the first throwing, but can also be collected at Mina.
Significance

Stoning (Rami) is wajib during Hajj.

All three jamarat represent the devil:

The first and largest represents his temptation of Hazrat Ibrahim () against sacrificing
Hazrat Ismail (), the second represents the temptation of Ibrahim’s () wife Hagar Jazrat
Hajrah (), to induce her to stop him, and the third represents his temptation of Ismail ()
to avoid being sacrificed.

He was rebuked each time, and the trowing of the sones symbolizes those rebukes.

In the Stoning at Al-Jamarat, we commemorate Hazrat Ibrahim () and remember how
strong and firm he was against Shaytan – our enemy since the time of Adam ().

We should remember how Satan does his utmost effort to distract us from doing what we’re
supposed to do to become closer to Allah and to enter Paradise.

The ‘Rami’ symbolizes cursing Iblis and waging war against him.

A pilgrim swears to defeat Iblis and to keep him away so as not to influence his actions.
Sacrifice

Returning from Rami, offer sacrifice in memory of Hazrat Ibrahim’s () willingness to
sacrifice his son in the way of Allah.

After sacrifice, men should shave heads. Women should cut a lock of hair.

Now you can change into normal clothes and restrictions of Ihram are over.

Sacrifice is also wajib on pilgrims and all those who can afford around the world.
Significance:

This ritual is connected with Prophet Ibrahim’s () determination to obey the command of
Allah which convinced him to sacrifice his son Hazrat Ismail ().

The distribution of sacrifice meat feeds the poor and the needy people and therefore
promotes brotherhood.

It is an ideal expression of gratitude for the advantages provided by Allah.

Sacrifice is synonymous with surrender. It symbolizes that the person performing Sacrifice
is willing to sacrifice everything dear to him for Allah.
Tawaaf-e-Ifaza / Tawaaf-e-Ziyarat / Tawaaf-e-Hajj

After the removal of Ihram the pilgrim is required to return to Makkah to perform another
circuit of Ka’bah. This particular circuit is called Tawaaf-e-Ifaza (additional circuit) and is
an essential part of the pilgrimage. After this circuit a pilgrim is permitted to return to
normal life and all those lawful things that were forbidden are now allowed again.
Return to Mina after Tawaf-e-Ifaza / Ziyarat

After this additional circuit, the pilgrim should return to Mina and stay there for three days.
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
During the stay at Mina on 11th, 12th and 13th day of Dul-Hajj the pilgrim cast seven stones
on each of the Jumrah in the following order: Jumrah-tul-Oola, Jamrah-tul-Wusta, and
Jurmah-tul-Aqba. It is permitted not to cast stones on the third day.
Tawaf-e-Wida (Farewell Tawaf)

On the 12th or the 13th day of Dul-Hajj, the pilgrim returns to the Ka’bah and perform a final
circuit.

This circuit is called Tawaf-al-Sadr or Tawaf-al-Wida (parting or farewell circuit).

After this last circuit, the pilgrim should drink water from Zamzam, kiss the threshold of the
door of the Ka’bah, and pray to Allah for forgiveness.

He should leave the Ka’bah walking backwards, looking at it the last time, and saying
farewell.
Types of Hajj:
Hajj Al-Ifraad: This is where a pilgrim assumes Ihram for Hajj only. When he reaches Makkah,
he performs Tawaf for his arrival and Sa’y for Hajj. He does not shave or clip his hair as he does
not untie Ihram. Instead, he remains in Ihram until after he stones the Jamratul – Aqabah on ‘Eid
day. [10th Zul-Hijjah] it is permissible for him to postpone his Sa’y for Hajj until after his Tawaf for
Hajj (i.e. Tawaf Al-Ifadhah).
Hajj Al-Qiraan: This is where a pilgrim assumes Ihram for both ‘Umrah and Hajj, or he assumes
Ihram first for ‘Umrah, then makes his intention for Hajj before his Tawaaf for Hajj. The
obligations on one performing Ifraad are the same as those on one performing Qiran, except that the
latter must slaughter whereas the former is not obligated to do so.
Hajj At-Tamattu’: This is where a pilgrim assumes Ihram for ‘Umrah only, during the months of
Hajj, which means that when he reaches Makkah, he makes Tawaf and Sa’y for ‘Umrah. Then he
shaves or clips his hair. On the eight day of Dhul-Hijjah, the pilgrim assumes Ihram again for Hajj
only and carries out all of its requirements.
Faraaiz (Obligatory Acts) of Hajj:
1) Ihram, (2) Staying at Arafat, (3) Doing Tawaf-e-Ziyarat.
Waajibaat of Hajj:
1. Ihram before entering Meeqaat.
2. Remaining in the field of Arafat till Maghrib on 9th Dhul Hijjah.
3. Staying at Muzdalifah in the night of 10th Dhul Hijjah.
4. Hitting the Jamarat with pebbles.
5. Doing sacrifice (not Waajib in Hajj-e-Ifraad).
6. Getting the hair of head cut or shaves.
7. Doing Sa’y
8. Doing Tawaf-e-Wida.
 If any of the Faraaiz (obligatory acts) of Hajj is left, Hajj will not be completed and
cannot even be compensated by Dum (sacrificing an animal in Hudood-e-Haram).
 Whereas, if any Waajib is left, Hajj will be complete but Dum would be necessary.
Miqaats: Miqats are specific places (appointed by Shariah) in Saudi Arabia, on the way to
Makkah, which a pilgrim cannot cross without first wearing Ihram.
1. Dhul-Hulaifa in the North (or commonly known as Masjid-e-Shajarah). This is the Miqat,
used by pilgrims who first go to Medina. It is about 7 km from city of Medina on the way to
Makkah.
2. Al-Johfa in the North-West for those going to Makkah from Jeddah. Pilgrims arriving from
Egypt, Syria and Southern Africa are required to enter into the state of Ihram at this place.
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3. Zat-ul-Irq in the North-East. Located about thrity miles from Makkah, the pilgrims coming
from Iraq and by land from the eastern side enter into the state of Ihram at this this place.
4. Qarn Al-Manazil, located about 40 miles to the East of Makkah, the Pilgrims arriving from
Yemen and by sea enter into the state of Ihram at this place.
5. Yalamlan in the South-East, which is the Miqat for those who come via the Yemen.
(Pakistan, India).
6. Taneem (Masjid-e-Umrah), this place is near Makkah and acts as Miqat for people living
in Makkah. If someone is living in Makkah and wants to perform Umrah then he should go
to this place, enter into the state of Ihram and then return to Makkah so that the condition of
traveling for the pilgrims is also fulfilled.
Umrah (Lesser Pilgrimage)
Ihram:

Taking a shower and putting perfume.

Putting on Ihram Cloth Ihram for men consists of two pieces of white, un-sewn and plain
cloth. For ladies, their ordinary clothes.

During Ihram, the following acts are forbidden: removing / Cutting hair from any parts of
the body, clipping nails, putting perfumes or colognes, killing or hunting animals, conjugal
relation, making marriage proposals, or marriage contracts, men covering the head.

Praying 2 Rak’at Nafl at Miqat

Proclaiming the intention (Niyyah) for Umrah (for pilgrims performing Hajj Tamatu’)
“Here I am for Umrah, Oh Allah.”

Saying Talbiyah from the time of putting Ihram until starting Tawaf.

“Labbayka Allahumma Labbayk, Labbayka la Sharika Laka Labbayk, inna-l-hamda wa-nni-mata laka wal-mulk la sharika lak.”
Tawaf: walking around the Ka’bah (7 circuits) while reciting prayers and supplications.

A circuit starts from the black stone line. The pilgrim faces the black stone (position
indicated by green light) and points to it. “Bismillah Allahu Akbar”.

A pilgrim must walk, keeping the Ka’bah on his left. (Anti-Clockwise)

When reaching the Rukn Al-Yamani: “Our Lord, grant us good….”

Al-Idhtebaa (placing the Reda’ under his right arm) during all circuits.

Al-Rami during the first 3 circuits.
Praying 2 Short Rakats as close as conveniently possible behind Maqam-e- Ibrahim.
3. SA’Y (walking between safa and marwa) (7 times)
4. HALQ: (clipping hairs or shaving the head). At this point in time, the pilgrim takes off the
Ihram .
Now he puts on Ihram on 8th of Dhul-Hajj for Hajj.
Method of Hajj -e-Tamatu (Day by Day Observances)
(In Hajj -e- Tamatu, Umrah is included)
Day One: (8th Dhul-Hajj):

Wear Ihram. Stay in Mina today and offer Zuhar, Asr, Maghrib, Isha, and Fajr of 9 th DhulHajj. (Offering these five Prayers and passing the night of 9th Dhul-Hajj in Mina is Sunnat)
Day Two: (9th Dhul-Hajj)

Today in the morning set out for Arafat from Mina reciting Talbiyah.
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
Offer Zuhar and Asr prayers in Arafat.

Pray Allah as much as you can by standing facing towards Qibla till the sun set.

After the sun set, leave for Muzdalifa from Arafat reciting Talbiyah.
Day Three: (10th Dhul-Hajj)

This day is known as Eid-ul-Adha/Yawm-e-Nahr. The pilgrim should pray salaatul-Fajr in
Muzdalifa, and then leave Muzdalifa for Mina shortly after sunrise.

And heads for stoning Jamarat and throws7 pebbles at Jamrah Al-Arabah only. As he throws
each stone at theseJamaraat he should say Allahu Akbar.

After stoning on 10th of Dhul-Hijjah, he should go to the place where animals are kept and
slaughter an animal’s (Qurbani/Sacrifice – Offering).

Then proceed to Taqseer or Halaq (clipping hairs or shaving the head).

At this point in time, the pilgrim takes off the Ihram cloth, changes into everyday clothes
and puts perfume on.

After that the pilgrim goes to perform Tawaf Al-Ifadah and Sa’yi.
(Sacrifice, cutting of hair, Tawaf-e-Ziyarat and Sa’y of Hajj can be delayed up to
Maghrib of 12th Dhul-Hajj).
Day Four: (11th Dhul-Hajj)

On this day a pilgrim have to perform the act of Ramy Jamaraats in Mina. The pebbles must
be thrown on the Jamaraat in their prescribed order, i.e., beginning from the one coming first
from Mina towards Makkah – called Al-Jamrah Al-Ula, then the next one to it – called AlJamrah Al-Wusta and lastly the nearest to Makkah – called Al-Jamrah Al-Arabah. (7
pebbles each).

And the pilgrim must consciously pass the night in Mina. It is not necessary to be there
the whole night.
Day Five: (12th Dhul-Hajj) He does as he did on the 11th day of Dhul-Hajj.
Day Six: (13th Dhul-Hajj)

If pilgrim has not left Mina on 12th Dhul-Hajj, he will hit all the three Jamarat with pebbles
on 13th Dhul-Hajj also.
Tawaf-e-Wida:

The people living outside the Meeqat must do Tawaf-e-Wida while returning to their homes.

Now Hajj is completed, pilgrim may leave for visiting the Prophet’s shrine at Madina or go
for home.

Compiled By Sir H.M.Rashid.S
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