Conference of parties (COP) 26, also known as the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties, is
a major international climate summit. It aims to bring together world leaders, negotiators, and
stakeholders to address pressing issues related to climate change. It was held in SEC Centre, Glasgow,
Scotland from 31 October to 13 November 2021, which was delayed for a year due to
the COVID-19 pandemic. This summit sought to advance global efforts to combat climate change and
achieve the goals outlined in the Paris Agreement that is an international treaty agreed upon in the 2015
COP21.
Key topics discussed at COP26 included:
1. Emission Reductions: Countries were expected to enhance their commitments to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions. Many nations announced updated targets for 2030, with a focus on achieving net-zero
emissions by mid-century.
2. Climate Finance: Financial support for developing countries to adapt to climate change and transition
to cleaner energy sources was a central issue. Commitments were made to mobilize funds to help these
nations cope with the impacts of climate change.
3. Adaptation: Addressing the impacts of climate change, especially for vulnerable communities, was a
priority. Discussions centered on how to better prepare and adapt to the changing climate.
4. Nature-Based Solutions: The role of forests, ecosystems, and biodiversity in mitigating climate change
and providing resilience was emphasized.
5. Phasing Out Coal: Countries discussed the need to reduce coal usage and transition to cleaner energy
sources.
6. Global Carbon Market: The rules for international carbon markets, which allow countries to buy and
sell carbon credits, were debated.
7. Transparency and Accountability: Ensuring that countries report their emissions accurately and are
held accountable for their climate commitments was a crucial part of the negotiations.
COP26 concluded with the Glasgow Climate Pact, which outlined commitments and actions taken by
countries. While it marked progress, the summit highlighted the ongoing challenges in addressing
climate change on a global scale. Subsequent COP conferences continue to be significant in the ongoing
efforts to combat climate change.