ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my immense gratitude and
thanks to our chemistry teacher Mr. Susim Amitav
Das our Project Supervisor who gave the golden
opportunity to perform this educative project on the
topic ‘Study of diffusion of solids in liquids’. It has
given me the scope to expand my knowledge on this
aspect of consumer products ; and I came to know
about a lot of new things, for which I am thankful to
him.
I would also like to thank my parents and friends
who helped me to realize this project within the
limited time .
DECLARATION
I do hereby declare that the project on Study of
Diffusion of solid in liquid submitted to Mr. Susim
Amitav Das is a record of original work done by me
gaining the knowledge related to the project from
certain sources.
Signature of the student
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that SHREYA CHOWDHURY a
student of VEMS, Bhubaneswar bearing AISSCE
Roll No has successfully completed the Project
entitled Study of diffusion of solids in liquids under
my guidance during the academic session 2023-24 in
partial fulfillment of Chemistry practical
examination of AISSCE conducted by CBSE, New
Delhi.
Signature of Subject Teacher
Signature of Head of Institution
Signature of External Examiner
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To study diffusion of solids in liquids,
Rate of Diffusion of solids in liquids through
different experiments.
CONTENT
● INTRODUCTION
● EXPERIMENT -1
□ REQUIREMENTS
□ THEORY
□ PROCEDURE
● EXPERIMENT – 2
□ REQUIREMENTS
□ PROCEDURE
□ OBSERVATION
□ CONCLUSION
● EXPERIMENT – 3
□ REQUIREMENTS
□ PROCEDURE
□ OBSERVATION
□ CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Rate of diffusion depends upon 3 factors viz.
Temperature, size of the particle, mass of the
particle . In this project, we aim at illustrating these
facts experimentally by taking crystals of copper
sulphate, potassium permanganate and ammonium
dichromate .
STUDY OF DIFFUSION OF SOLIDS
IN LIQUIDS
EXPERIMENT- 1:
To study diffusion when copper sulphate (solid) is
brought in contact with water (liquid)
REQUIREMENTS
1.
2.
Copper sulphate crystals
100ml beaker
THEORY
When substances are brought in contact with each
other, they intermix. This property of diffusion takes
place very rapidly in case of gases and to a lesser
extent in case of liquids whereas solids don’t show
this process of diffusion with each other. But what
we can observe in case of solids is that the diffusion
in liquids takes place at a very slow rate . If a solid is
kept in contact with excess solvent in which it is
soluble, some portions of the solid starts dissolving.
After some time a stage
reaches when the whole of the solid gets dissolved we
know that this process is known as dissolution of the
solid in a liquid and this process has taken place due
to diffusion of solids in liquids. We know that
molecules of salutes in solution are in constant
random motion due to collision between molecules of
solutes and that of the solvent. Also as the
temperature is raised kinetic energy of the molecule
increases that in turn increase the number of
collision. Particles of different substances move at
different rates. Example:- When different colored
ink are placed in water at constant temperature,
they diffuse at different rates. The speed of the
movement of solids depends upon:
A. Temperature
B. Size of the particles
C. Mass of the particles
As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of
the particles also increases so the speed also
increases thus increases the diffusion.
Diffusion
In Gases
● Molecules travel long distance between collisions.
* Diffusion is rapid
In Liquids
● Molecules are closer .
●Encounter more collisions.
* Takes a long time to move from one place to
place.
In Solids
● Diffusion close to zero at room temperature.
* Will increase at high temperature.
EXPERIMENT -2:
To study the effect of temperature on the rate
diffusion of solids in liquids.
REQUIREMENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Copper sulphate crystals
200ml beaker
Watch glass
Wire gauge
5.
6.
7.
Burner
Tripod stand
Stop watch
PROCEDURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
About 5gm of copper sulphate in 3 beakers of
200ml is taken.
100ml of distilled water is poured slowly in one
of the beakers.
This beaker is covered with a watch glass.
100ml of cold water is poured in a second
beaker slowly.
The third beaker containing 100ml of water is
placed on a Tripod stand for heating.
The diffusion is observed which has begun in all
3 beakers.
Time taken for the dissolution of copper
sulphate in all 3 cases is recorded .
OBSERVATION
Sl no.
1.
2.
3
Water Temp
(°C)
10
20
70
Time taken
(min)
15
7
2
CONCLUSION
The rate of diffusion of copper sulphate in water is
in order of beaker.
BEAKER I > BEAKER II
EXPERIMENT- 3:
To study the effect of particles size on the rate of
diffusion of solids in liquid.
REQUIREMENTS
1.
2.
3.
Graduated 100ml measuring cylinders.
Copper sulphate crystals of different sizes.
Stop watch
PROCEDURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
50ml of water is added to each of the 3
cylinders.
50gm of big sized , medium-sized and small
sized crystals of copper sulphate are taken
and are added separately in 3 cylinders.
They are allowed to stand for some time.
The time is noted for blue color to reach any
fixed mark in each of the 3 cylinders and the
observations are also noted.
OBSERVATION
Sl No.
1.
2.
3.
Size of particles Time taken
(min)
Big
30
Medium
20
Small
10
CONCLUSION
Smaller particles undergo diffusion more quickly
than bigger particles.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
2.
3.
NCERT CHEMISTRY BOOK (CLASS XII)
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICAL LAB
MANUAL (CLASS XII)
Wikipedia