Continental Steel Pte Ltd
100 Gul Circle Singapore 629586
Tel: +65 68620033 Fax: +65 68616448, 68625963/4006
Web: www.consteel.com.sg
PRODUCTS HANDBOOK
Structural Steel
2006 Edition
Subsidiary Companies:
Continental Hardware (M) Sdn Bhd
Viewforth Trading and Engineering Pte Ltd
Conblast Industries Pte Ltd
Con-Struct Engineering Technology Pte Ltd
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CONTENT
The Company
Profile
Services
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Explanatory Notes
General information
Introduction
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Materials - EN10025 : 2004 is the new European
standard for structural steel
History of the standard
The new standard EN 10025 : 2004
Grade designation systems
Grades, properties and nearest equivalents
Manufacturing tolerances
Comparison between general structural
steel specifications
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Section Properties
Dimensional units
Mass and force units
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Comparison Between Hot Finished and Cold Formed Hollow Sections
Introduction
Specifications
Manufacture of hollow sections
Section properties
Structural performance
Compression resistance
Web bearing and buckling
Tension, shear and bending
Summary
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Fire resistance
Externally protected columns
Internally protected columns
Cost comparisons
Universal Beams and Columns
General
Rolling tolerances - EN 10034 : 1993
Metric sizes
Imperial sizes
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Cellular Beams
Section sizes
57
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Castellated Beams
Section sizes
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Structural Tees
General
Metric sizes
Imperial sizes
63
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Bearing Piles
General
Metric sizes
Imperial sizes
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Hot Finished Ellipcon Sections
General
Ellipcon sections
Semi Ellipcon sections
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Hot Finished Hollow Sections
General
Comparable specifications
Product specifications
Chemical composition
Mechanical properties
Tensile test
Charpy V-notch impact test
Manufacturing tolerances
Other specifications
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Circular sections
Square sections
Rectangular sections
Cold Formed Hollow Sections
General
Comparable specifications
Product specifications
Chemical composition
Mechanical properties
Tensile test
Charpy V-notch impact test
Manufacturing tolerances
Other specifications
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Circular sections
Square sections
Rectangular sections
Channels
Rolling tolerances - EN 10279 : 2000
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Tapered Flange
Metric sizes
Imperial sizes
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Parallel Flange
124
General
Introduction
Material specifications
Storage and handling
Holing and cleating for C Purlins
125
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126
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Plain Channels
Lipped Channels
High-Tensile Galvanised C Purlins
High-Tensile Galvanised Z Purlins
129
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132
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Rolling tolerances - EN 10056-2 : 1993
Equal Angles
Unequal Angles
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Flat Bars
Square Bars
Deformed and Round Bars
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Product specifications
Main specifications
List of standard specifications
Mild Steel Plates
Chequered Plates
143
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148
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JIS G3452 (1988) SGP
BS 1387 (1985)
API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997)
Chemical composition
Mechanical properties
Section sizes
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Purlins
Angles
Bars
Plates
Pipes
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Steel Sheet Piles
PU Steel Sheet Piles
Mechanical properties
Dimensions and sectional properties
Interlocking options
Dimensional tolerances
Handling holes and double piles
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169
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KSP Steel Sheet Piles
Mechanical properties
Dimensions and sectional properties
Interlocking options
Dimensional tolerances
Recommended maximum lengths for driving
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KSP Straight Web Sections
Mechanical properties
Dimensions and sectional properties
Dimensional tolerances
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General
Sizes
175
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Gratings
Appendix
Conversion factors
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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LIST OF TABLE
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Note: Section tables are not numbered and put in the list, except from High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins, Mild Steel
Plates, Chequered Plates, API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) pipes, Steel Sheet Piles to EN 10248:1996 and Other Steel
Sheet Piles.
Table 1 - EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 Non-alloy structural steels
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Table 2 - EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 Normalised/normalised rolled
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Table 3 - EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 Thermo mechanically rolled
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Table 4 - EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 Structural steels with improved atmospheric
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Table 5 - EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 Flat products of high yield strength structural steels
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Table 6 - Comparison between general structural steel specifications
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Table 7 - Conditions for welding cold-deformed zones and adjacent material
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Table 8 - Fire resistance: Cost comparison - universal columns vs. circular hollows
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Table 9 - Fire resistance: Cost comparison - universal columns vs. rectangular hollows
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Table 10 - Universal Beams and Columns: Standard specifications
31
Table 11 - Structural Tees: Standard specifications
63
Table 12 - Bearing Piles: Standard specifications
77
Table 13 - Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications
87
Table 14 - Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties
88
Table 15 - Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances
89
Table 16 - Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications
105
Table 17 - Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties
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Table 18 - Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances
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Table 19 - Purlins: Material specifications and tolerances
125
Table 20 - Purlins: Tolerances on length and thickness
126
Table 21 - High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Mechanical properties/Tolerances
126
Table 22 - High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Cleat holes position
128
Table 23 - High-Tensile Galvanised C-Purlins: Section sizes
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Table 24 - High-Tensile Galvanised Z-Purlins: Section sizes
133
Table 25 - Plates: List of standards specifications
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Table 26 - Plates: Sizes of Mild Steel Plates
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Table 27 - Plates: Sizes of Chequered Plates
149
Table 28 - API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Chemical composition
Table 29 - API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Mechanical properties
Table 30 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes
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169
Table 31 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options
Table 32 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances
Table 33 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Mechanical properties
Table 34 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes and properties
Table 35 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options
Table 36 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances
Table 37 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Mechanical properties
Table 38 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Section sizes and properties
Table 39 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Interlocking strength
Table 40 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensional tolerances
Table 41 - Gratings: Sizes
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175
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
LIST OF FIGURES
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Note: Drawings from section tables are not numbered and put in this list, except from High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z
Purlins, Mild Steel Plates, Chequered Plates, API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) pipes, Steel Sheet Piles to EN
10248:1996 and Other Steel Sheet Piles.
Figure 1 - Effect of cold working on material properties for cold formed hollow sections
24
Figure 2 - Comparison of corner radius of hot finished and cold formed hollow sections
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Figure 3 - Compression/Slenderness curves for columns
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Figure 4 - Universal Beams and Columns: Section shapes
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Figure 5 - Structural Tees: Section shapes
63
Figure 6 - Bearing Piles: Section shape
77
Figure 7 - Twist of square or rectangular hollow sections
90
Figure 8 - How to measure cross-sectional dimensions of hollow sections
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Figure 9 - C and Z Purlins
125
Figure 10 - Holing and cleats for C purlins
127
Figure 11 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions
169
Figure 12 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions
171
Figure 13 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensions
173
Figure 14 - Gratings: Dimensions
175
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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The Company
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Being one of the biggest premier steel suppliers throughout the region, Continental Steel has the
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first fully covered multi-storey warehouse that occupies a floor area of 350,000 sq. ft. The ware-
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house has facilities that allows the following services:
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a) Rust protected storage
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b) Larger stockholding capacity that can accommodate 150,000 tons of material
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c) 24 heavy-duty over-head cranes remotely controlled, some of which are magnetic
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d) Ability to service 12 container trucks at any one time
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e) Advanced handling system ensures quick delivery and turn around time
Conducive working environment for more productive workforce in rain or shine
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g) Ability to operate 24hr shifts to meet extra large quantity deadlines.
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Continental Steel Pte Ltd is a CIDB registered supplier in the L5 category for all structural steel
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Apart from being the supplier of a comprehensive range of
quality steel sections, Continental Steel aims to extend its
commitment to customers by enhancing its services and adding
new facilities. A dedicated team is tasked to provide technical
support so as to advise the proper usage of steel and assist
customers in using the products to its best advantage.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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SERVICES
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• Technical support
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• Auto Cut and Bend
operations
With a new team of highly qualified
engineers we can advise our customers
on the correct use of structural steel and
provide help on the structural design.
• Shearing of steel plate
Shearing facility that sizes steel plates up to
20mm thickness and maximum 6.1m width.
In current competitive business environment,
efficiency and product specialization are the
essence to a business survival and profitability.
So for building contractors and developers,
material usage control and wastage management
plus other fixed overhead investments like
machinery and work-shop space should be kept
at a minimum level. To meet this demand we had
invested both machinery, skill workers and other
infra-structure to provide cut to size and bend to
shape reinforcement bars services. Thus
removing building contractors and developers
tons of on-site work. Our company is also a HDB
approved cut and bend service provider.
Powerful hydraulic cutters are being used to cut
high tensile reinforcement bars and having
capacity to cut bars up to a diameter of 40mm.
With auto feeding and measuring mechanism in
corporate into the cutter, out-put of the cutting
operation could be optimized. Furthermore
overhead cranes facilities provide efficiency in
both moving reinforcement bars from storage bay
to production area and from production area to
lorry for timely delivery.
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Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Dimensions and bend angles checks are part of
the work process to ensure the end product meet
customers' requirement. All bending activities are
either fully automatic or machines assisted.
Optimal layout of bending machines provides
valuable space for storing finished products.
Furthermore it provides capacity to bend bars up
to 12 meters length.
Thus out-sourcing cut and bend activities by
contractors and developers assist them in
managing their resources far more efficiently and
effectively.
•
CNC Drilling &
Bandsawing Line
System
The steel construction industry faces many
challenges in this 21st century. Steel fabrication
demands a fast track job, with complex detail and
minimum tolerance to remain in competitive
market. Continental Steel provides cut to length
steel material, subsequently no wastage in
construction site. With our automatic drilling and
sawing service, we offer flexibility, productivity
and reliability of steel products to meet customer's
high standard requirements and tight schedule.
With computerized measuring system, we ensure
the highest accuracy in steel cutting and drilling.
Whether your requirements call for complex or
simple detail, large or small scale project,
Continental Steel is your source for all CNC drilling
and sawing requirements.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Services
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The Kaltenbach 3 axis CNC drilling machine KD
1015 provides state of the art drilling to suit a wide
range of material requirements.
KD series have two horizontal and one vertical
axis drill spindle, with a maximum drill capacity of
40 mm and are fitted as standard with an auto
tool changer.
Features of the KD machine:
- Machine gantry designed with robust
welded construction
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The Control Desk with graphical user interface
under Windows and Touch-Screen Monitors
ensures a fast and easy programming of the
machine.
Working Range and Technical Data:
Angle steel max (mm)
250 x 250 x 28
U Steel max(mm)
400 x 110
H beam max (mm)
1,000 x 400
Drilling unit:
Vertical (Y-axis) (pc)
Horizontal (Z- and W-axes)(pc)
Drill diameter (mm)
- Programmed spindle speeds are
automatically assigned to each
drill diameter
- Automatic drill offset by touch sensing of
the drill tips against the material
- Lowering program for all three drill bits
- Electro-mechanical drill feed using ball
bearing spindle with servo motor
- Automatic cross-section measuring
- Fast and precise drill spindles positioning
via ball screw drive and servo motors.
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Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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10 - 40
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Features of the KBS Bandsaw:
Future expansion of new drilling technology will
satisfy steel industry with advanced bolt
connection for structural steel work industry. A
new Thermal Friction Drilling system will bush
length up to 3 times the original thickness. This
system produces perfectly formed bushes using
a combination of rotation speed and pressure to
locally heat the material, forming a bush in various
thickness of metal.
The Band saw KBS 1001 DG was developed for
the special requirements of steel construction and
steel suppliers and combine solid machine
construction with high performance elements. The
large cutting range, even for acutely angled mitresquares on both sides, combined with compact
construction, particularly distinguish this Bandsaw.
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Short setup times due to NC-controlled
mitre angle setting and automatic cycle
control (clamping - sawing- releasing)
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Enhanced band life thanks to full-stroke
hydraulic band tensioning with auto
stand-by tension feature, plus coolant
atomizer system.
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Secure material clamping via selfadjusting machine vise.
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Coolant Atomizer System for efficiently
lubrification and cooling of the
sawband.
Via the graphical user surface Proficut, running
under Windows, the machine could be
programmed. The software is able to import DSTV
or CSV files from customers' software.
Different functions like a Material database, a part
database or an order management module makes
programming fast and very easy.
A Hydraulic saw band feed, infinitely variable at
the freestanding control cabinet (feed control by
proportional valve technology) and a 7.5 KW
strong drive motor with infinitely cutting speeds
ensures perfect cutting performance.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Services
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Cutting range:
Round material
90°
mm
500
Bundles:
90°
mm
600 x 500
Square
90°
mm
1,000 x 500
Beams
45°
mm
640 X 500
30°
mm
400 x 500
Mitre Cutting range
degrees 45 - 90 - 30
Technical data:
6
Band dimensions
mm
8,250 x 54 x 1.6
Drive capacity
KW
7.5
Cutting speeds
m/min
16-100
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The efficiency and productivity of both machines
are improved by auto measuring system, rollerway and material handling equipment. With a
uniform control, Continental can achieve the
optimum production environment
In concert with our Quality Assurance program
and continuous inspection control, we are in the
edge in providing best flexibility, productivity and
reliability of steel saw and drill service. We
welcome the challenge to become your supplier
of high quality ready-to-use steel products to be
delivered on time.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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• Auto shot blasting and
painting
For better steel finishes and protection, the fully
automatic shot blasting machines attend to the
steel treatment needs with the provision of inhouse painting.
• Fully computerised
administrative system
Computer networks that ensure quicker and more
efficient administration fully support the office
procedures from quotations to delivery.
• Galvanising
Hot dip galvanising provides the permanent good
appearance and freedom from maintenance that
ensures long service life.
• In house delivery service
Having a highly motivated team of delivery staff
and efficient transportation services, just in time
requirements can be achieved. There are 24
heavy-duty over-head cranes remotely controlled,
some of which are magnetic with up to 12 tons
loading capacity. A mobile crane with maximum
30 tons lifting capacity is also available to ensure
unloading at any construction site.
As one of the leading steel suppliers, Continental
Steel has set up an industrial standard in the
region. The company also has the capability of
providing steels to the exact specified
requirements for different needs.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Explanatory Notes
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General information
All weights and measures shown on invoices will be governed by standards of the
respective specifications so offered.
Care has been taken to ensure that all data and information herein are factual and that
numerical values are accurate. To the best of our knowledge, all information contained
in this handbook is accurate at the time of publication. Continental Steel Pte Ltd
assumes no responsibility for errors in or misinterpretation of the information contained
in this handbook or in its use.
Introduction
To serve the increasing demands for more section types and to create the awareness on the
proper use of steel, we have come up with a new product catalogue. The new handbook has a
more comprehensive range of products and useful technical information, and it also functions
as a design reference for the consultants and a product catalogue for our customers.
To help our customers to proper design and use of steel we have also extended the business by
offering our customers technical support from our team of Structural Engineers.
The catalogue contains up-to-date materials standards specifications.
Note that new European standards supersede most of the old British Standards, see sections
“Materials” and “Manufacturing tolerances” under this chapter, and the design guide BS 5950
substitutes BS 449.
The content list of our new catalogue shows that we have increased the range of section types
and sizes. This is to give our customers a bigger choice when selecting material and more room
for imagination, innovation and flexibility when designing and planning for new structures.
With more sections to choose from, the designers will have opportunities to make better and
more cost efficient designs, by selecting the section size closest to that required.
Some of the new section types we have added to our product list are:
Structural Tees
Cellular Beams
Hot Finished Ellipcon Sections, elliptical and semi elliptical
Parallel Flange Channels
High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins.
The new catalogue also contains a comparison between hot finished and cold formed hollow
sections. We included this because substitution of cold formed sections for hot finished sections
are very common in this region, but not everybody knows the differences between the two
section types.
The first few pages of the catalogue give a short resume of the company profile and the services
we provide. The summary shows that we have extended our business by adding more value to
the steel we supply to our customers.
Our steel suppliers are mills with third party certifications, such as ISO, CARES and/or Lloyd’s.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Materials - EN10025 : 2004 is the new European standard for structural steel
EN 10025 : 2004 is the new European standard for structural steel. It shows the new grades,
properties and the nearest equivalent grades from former standards including EN 10025 : 1993.
The grade designation system is also explained.
History of the standard
The European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardisation is responsible for producing the
European Standards (ENs) for structural steels. The first of these standards, EN 10025, was
published in the UK by BSI as EN 10025 : 1990, partly superseding BS 4360 : 1986, which was
re-issued as BS 4360 : 1990. In 1993, a second edition of EN 10025 was made available together
with EN 10113 : parts 1, 2 & 3 and EN 10155. In June 1994, EN 10210 : part 1 was published and
at the same time BS 4360 was officially withdrawn. The balance of the BS 4360 steels not affected
by these ENs were re-issued in new British Standards BS 7613 and BS 7668. In 1996, with the
publication of EN 10137, BS 7613 was withdrawn. BS 7668 will remain until an EN for atmospheric
corrosion resistant hollow sections is available
In 2004 the standard EN 10025 was revised to address the provisions of EU Construction Products
Directive (89/106/EEC). It is now published in six parts to bring together almost all the 'Structural
Metallic Products' into one comprehensive standard.
The new standard EN 10025 : 2004
The new standard is published in six parts and draws together earlier standards to produce one
standard for the majority of structural steel products. The parts are:
• Part 1 - General technical delivery conditions.
• Part 2 - Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels.
Supersedes EN 10025 : 1993
• Part 3 - Technical delivery conditions for normalised / normalised rolled weldable fine
grain structural steels. Supersedes EN 10113 : parts 1 & 2 : 1993
• Part 4 - Technical delivery conditions for thermo mechanically rolled weldable fine
grain structural steels. Supersedes EN 10113 : parts 1 & 3 : 1993
• Part 5 - Technical delivery conditions for structural steels with improved atmospheric
corrosion resistance - also known as weathering steels.
Supersedes EN 10155 : 1993
• Part 6 - Technical delivery conditions for flat products of high yield strength
structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition.
Supersedes EN 10137 : parts 1 & 2 : 1996
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Grade designation systems
The designation systems used in the new standard are similar but not identical to EN 10025 :
1993 and very different to the familiar BS 4360 designations so the guide below has been
prepared to assist purchasers, specifiers, designers and users of steel.
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 Non-alloy structural steels
S...
Structural steel
E...
Engineering steel
.235...
Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...JR..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ +20°C
...J0..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ 0°C
...J2..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ -20°C
...K2..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 40 J @ -20°C
...+AR Supply condition as rolled
...+N
Supply condition normalised or normalised rolled
Customer options
...C..
Grade suitable for cold forming
...Z..
Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S235JR+AR, S355K2C+N
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004
Normalised/normalised rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
S...
Structural steel
.275...
Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...N..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -20°C
...NL..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -50°C
Customer options
...Z..
Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S275N, S420NL Z35
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004
Thermo mechanically rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
S...
Structural steel
.275...
Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...M..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -20°C
...ML..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -50°C
Customer options
...Z..
Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S355M, S460ML Z25
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Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 Structural steels with improved
atmospheric corrosion resistance - also known as weathering steels
S...
Structural steel
.355... Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...J0..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ 0°C
...J2..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ -20°C
...K2..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 40 J @ -20°C
...W..
Improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
...P..
Greater phosphorus content (grade S355 only)
...+AR Supply condition as rolled
...+N
Supply condition normalised or normalised rolled
Customer options
...Z..
Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S235J0W+AR, S355K2W+N Z25
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 Flat products of high yield strength
structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition
S...
Structural steel
.460... Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...Q..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -20°C
...QL..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -40°C
...QL1.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -60°C
Customer options
...Z..
Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S460Q, S690QL
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Grades, properties and nearest equivalents
The tables below show the grades, properties and nearest equivalent grades from
earlier standards. The grade designations are explained on the previous pages.
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10025 : 1993 and BS
4360 : 1990
EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004
EN 10025 : 1993
BS 4360 : 1990
Grade
Grade
Grade
S185
-
Yield (Reh) min
Tensile (Rm)
Charpy V-notch longitudinal
S185
-
185
290/510
1
S235JR
2
235
360/510
Energy (J) t
=16mm
o
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa)
Temp ( C)
-
-
-
-
S235
40A
20
27
S235JRG1/G2
40B
S235J0
0
27
S235J0
40C
S235J2
-20
27
S235J2G3/G4
40D
-
-
S275
43A
-
1
2
20
27
S275JR
43B
S275J0
0
27
S275J0
43C
S275J2
-20
27
S275J2G3/G4
43D
S275JR
-
275
410/560
1
S355JR
S355J0
2
355
470/630
-
-
S355
50A
20
27
S355JR
50B
0
27
S355J0
50C
S355J2
-20
27
S355J2G3/G4
50D
S355K2
-20
40
S355K2G3/G4
50DD
E295
295
470/610
-
-
E295
-
S335
335
570/710
-
-
S335
-
E360
360
650/830
-
-
E360
-
1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2
Table 1 – EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 Non-alloy structural steels
Notes
1
For all products to be compliant with the EU Construction Products Directive (CPD 89/106/EC) the material
must offer a guaranteed minimum impact performance. This has resulted in the removal of this grade from the
standard, and the lowest grade now offered is the JR version for each yield strength variation.
2
Verification of the specified impact value is only carried out when agreed at the time of the enquiry and order.
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Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10113 : part 2 : 1993
and BS 4360 : 1990
EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004
Grade
EN 10113 : part 2
: 1993
Yield (Reh) min
Tensile (Rm)
Charpy V-notch longitudinal
o
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa)
Temp ( C)
S275N
275
BS 4360 : 1990
Grade
Grade
Energy (J) t
=16mm
-20
40
S275N
43DD
-50
27
S275NL
43EE
-20
40
S355N
50
370/510
S275NL
S355N
355
470/630
S355NL
-50
27
S355NL
50EE
S420N
-20
40
S420N
-
-50
27
S420NL
-
-20
40
S460N
55C
-50
27
S460NL
55EE
420
520/680
S420NL
S460N
460
550/720
S460NL
1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2
Table 2 – EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 Normalised/normalised rolled
weldable fine grain structural steels
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10113 :
part 3 : 1993
EN 10113 : part 3
EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004
:1993
Grade
Grade
Yield (Reh) min
Tensile (Rm)
Charpy V-notch longitudinal
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa)
S275M
275
370/510
S275ML
S355M
355
470/630
Temp (°C)
Energy (J) t =
16mm
-20
40
S275M
-50
27
S275ML
-20
40
S355M
S355ML
-50
27
S355ML
S420M
-20
40
S420M
-50
27
S420ML
-20
40
S460M
-50
27
S460ML
420
520/680
S420ML
S460M
460
550/720
S460ML
1 MPa = 1 N/mm
2
Table 3 – EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 Thermomechanically rolled
weldable fine grain structural steels
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Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10155 : 1993 and BS
4360 : 1990
EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004
EN 10155 :
BS 4360 : 1990
1993
Grade
Grade
Grade
Yield (Reh) min
Tensile (Rm)
Charpy V-notch longitudinal
S235J0W
235
Temp ( C)
360/510
S235J2W
S355J0WP
Energy (J) t
=16mm
o
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa)
0
27
S235J0W
-
-20
27
S235J2W
-
0
27
S355J0WP
WR50A
S355J2WP
-20
27
S355J2WP
-
S355J0W
0
27
S355J0W
WR50B
S355J2W
355
470/630
355
470/630
S355K2W
1 MPa = 1 N/mm
-20
27
S355J2W
WR50C
-20
40
S355K2W
WR50D
2
Table 4 – EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 Structural steels with improved atmospheric
corrosion resistance - also known as weathering steels
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10137 : part 2 : 1996
and BS 4360 : 1990
EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004
EN 10137 : part BS 4360 : 1990
2 : 1996
Grade
Grade
Grade
Yield (Reh) min
Tensile (Rm)
Charpy V-notch longitudinal
o
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa)
Temp ( C)
S460Q
S460QL
460
550/720
S460QL1
S500Q
Energy (J) t
=16mm
0
40
S460Q
-
0
50
S460QL
-
0
60
S460QL1
55F
0
40
S500Q
-
0
50
S500QL
-
S500QL1
0
60
S500QL1
-
S550Q
0
40
S550Q
-
0
50
S550QL
-
S550QL1
0
60
S550QL1
-
S620Q
0
40
S620Q
-
S500QL
S550QL
S620QL
500
590/770
550
640/820
620
700/890
0
50
S620QL
-
S620QL1
0
60
S620QL1
-
S690Q
0
40
S690Q
-
S690QL
690
770/940
0
50
S690QL
-
S690QL1
0
60
S690QL1
-
S890Q
0
40
S890Q
-
S890QL
890
940/1100
S890QL1
S960Q
960
980/1150
S960QL
1 MPa = 1 N/mm
0
50
S890QL
-
0
60
S890QL1
-
0
40
S960Q
-
0
50
S960QL
-
2
Table 5 – EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 Flat products of high yield strength structural steels
in the quenched and tempered condition
Note
1 Other impact temperatures can be specified
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The other specifications of structural components referred to in this handbook are mainly as follow:
EN 10028 (1993/1997): “Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes”
+
EN 10056 -Part1 (1993): "Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles - Dimensions"
EN 10149 (1995/1996): “Hot-rolled flat products made of high yield strength steels for cold forming”
#
EN 10210 -Part 1 (1994): "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain
structural steels"
EN 10219 -Part 1 (1997): "Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine
grain steels"
SS104 (1996): "Cold formed steel sections for general structures"
Some of the standards mentioned above are new European standards superseding the old British
Standards BS 4360: “Weldable structural steels” (1986) and BS 6363:
“Welded cold formed steel structural hollow sections” (1983).
Material to other specifications such as ASTM, AS and JIS can also be supplied.
Manufacturing tolerances
The dimensions, mass and tolerances of the sections are generally as listed in the following standards:
BS 4 -Part 1 (1993): "Structural Steel Sections" for hot rolled universal beams and columns and
tees cut therefrom, channels, bearing piles and rolled tees
#
EN 10029 (1991): “Specifications for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel
plates 3mm thick or above”
EN 10034 (1993): “Structural steel I and H sections - Tolerances on shape and dimensions”
EN 10051 (1992): “Continuously hot-rolled uncoated plate, sheet and strip of non-alloy and alloy
steels - Tolerances on dimensions and shape”
EN 10056 -Part 2 (1993): "Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles -Tolerances on shape and
dimensions”
#+
EN 10210 -Part 2 (1997): "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain
structural steels"
EN 10219 -Part 2 (1997): "Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine
grain steels"
SS104 (1996): "Cold formed steel sections for general structures" for lipped channels
Some of the standards mentioned above are new European standards superseding the old British
Standards BS 4848 - Part 2: “Hot-rolled structural steel sections - Hot-finished hollow sections”
(1991) and BS 6363: “Welded cold formed steel structural hollow sections” (1983).
Material to other specifications such as ASTM, AS and JIS can also be supplied.
In structural design and construction there are a lot of details to remember. For example, when
buying steel beams, columns, bars, plates and pipes, be sure to buy the correct section type,
size and grade.If the specified section is not available, check with the designer before any changes
to the structure are made. For example, a parallel flange channel can not be substituted with a plain
channel without reference to the design engineer. This is because the sections are different both in
size and material, the plain channel is cold formed while the parallel flange channel is hot formed,
and they have different sectional properties.
16
#
Standards superseding parts of BS4360 1986/1990.
+
Standards superseding parts of BS4848 1972/1980/1991.
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In the section “Comparison between hot finished and cold formed hollow sections” we have explained
the differences between the two sections, and why cold formed sections can not be used to substitute
hot finished sections without rechecking the capacity.
Comparison between general structural steel specifications
The following specifications are normally readily available, but offers depend upon acceptance of full
specification details or specifications not listed below.
Quality
Grade
Min. Yield
strength
2
Min. Tensile
strength
2
N/mm
ksi
N/mm
ksi
Chemical composition (%, max.)
C
Si
Mn
P
S
Nb
BS 4360
43A
275
40
430/580
62/84
0.25 0.50
1.60
0.050
0.0 5
-
(1986)
50B
355
52
490/640
71/93
0.22 0.50
1.50
0.050
0.05
0.003/0.10
(superseded)
55C
450
65
550/700
80/102
0.22 0.60
1.60
0.040
0.04
0.003/0.10
EN 10025
S275J0
275
40
410/560
59/81
0.18
1.50
0.040
0.04
0.009
(2004)
S355J0
355
52
490/630
71/91
0.20 0.55
1.60
0.040
0.04
0.009
EN 10113
S275N
275
40
370/510
54/74
0.20 0.40 0.5/1.40
0.035
0.03
0.050
(1993)
S355N
355
52
470/630
68/91
0.20 0.50 0.9/1.65
0.035
0.03
0.050
460M
460
67
530/720
77/104
0.18 0.60
1.70
0.030
0.025
0.05
ASTM A36
(2001)
-
250
36
400/550
58/80
0.26 0.40
-
0.040
0.05
-
ASTM A283
Grade D
230
33
415/550
60/80
0.27 0.40
0.90
0.035
0.04
-
(superseded)
-
(1993)
ASTM A572
(2001)
42
290
42
415
60
0.21 0.40
1.35
0.050
0.04
-
50
345
50
450
65
0.23 0.40
1.35
0.050
0.04
-
55
380
55
485
70
0.25 0.40
1.35
0.050
0.04
-
60
415
60
520
75
0.26 0.40
1.35
0.050
0.04
-
65
450
65
550
80
0.23 0.40
1.65
0.050
0.04
-
ASTM A913
50
345
50
450
65
0.12 0.40
1.60
0.040
0.03
0.05
(2001)
65
450
65
550
80
0.16 0.40
1.60
0.030
0.03
0.05
JIS G 3101
SS 400
245
36
400/510
58/74
-
-
-
0.050
0.05
-
(1995)
SS 490
285
41
490/610
71/88
-
-
-
0.050
0.05
-
JIS G 3106
SM 400B
245
36
400/510
58/74
0.035
0.035
-
(1995)
SM 490B
325
47
490/610
71/88
0.18 0.55
1.60
0.035
0.035
-
SM
490YB
365
53
490/610
71/88
0.20 0.55
1.60
0.035
0.035
-
JIS G 3136
SN 400B
235
34
400/510
58/74
0.20 0.35 0.6/1.40
0.030
0.015
-
(1994)
SN 490B
325
47
490/610
71/88
0.18 0.55
1.60
0.030
0.015
-
SPHC
-
-
270
39
0.15
0.60
0.50
0.050
-
JIS G 3131
0.20 0.35 0.6/1.40
-
SPHD
-
-
270
39
0.10
-
0.50
0.40
0.040
-
SPHE
-
-
270
39
0.10
-
0.50
0.30
0.035
-
AS3679
C250LO
260
38
410
59
0.20 0.40
1.5 0
0.040
0.04
-
1996
C350LO
360
52
480
70
0.22 0.50
1.60
0.040
0.04
-
GB700-88
Q235
235
34
375/406
54/59
0.22 0.30
0.65
0.045
0.05
-
DIN 17100
St 37.2
235
34
340/470
49/68
0.17
-
-
0.050
0.05
-
St 44.2
275
40
410/540
59/78
0.21
-
-
0.050
0.05
-
St 50.2
295
43
470/610
68/88
-
-
-
0.050
0.05
-
St 52.3
355
51
490/630
71/91
0.20 0.55
1.60
0.040
0.04
-
08 KP
-
-
260/380
38/55
0.12 0.03
0.50
0.035
0.04
-
GOST1050-88
Notes:
For BS, EN and JIS the values are for sections with thickness less than 16mm.
Table 6 – Comparison between general structural steel specifications
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Section Properties
The followings are taken from EN 10210-2 (1997), EN 10219-2 (1997) and BS5950 Volume
1 Design Guide, 5th edition 1997
Corner radius ( r )
For hollow sections the corner radius are taken from EN 10210 and EN 10219, for hot
finished hollow sections and cold formed hollow sections respectively.
For hot finished square and rectangular hollow sections:
Nominal external corner radius for calculation is
ro=1.5T
Nominal internal corner radius for calculation is
ri=1.0T
For cold formed square and rectangular hollow sections:
Nominal external corner radius for calculation is
For thickness T 6mm:
ro=2.0T
For thickness 6mm < T 10mm:
ro=2.5T
For thickness T > 10mm:
ro=3.0T
Nominal internal corner radius for calculation is
For thickness T 6mm:
ri=1.0T
For thickness 6mm < T 10mm:
ri=1.5T
For thickness T > 10mm:
ri=2.0T
For other section types the manufacturers are using rules from various standard
specifications, which will take too much space to include in this handbook. Refer to the
respective country’s standards.
Second moment of area ( I )
The second moment of area of the section, often referred to as moment of inertia, has
been calculated based on first principal, by taking into account all tapers, radii and
fillets of the sections.
Radius of gyration ( r )
The radius of gyration is a parameter used in buckling calculation and is derived as
follows:
I
r= A
1
2
where A is the cross-sectional area and I is the second moment of area.
For castellated sections, the radius of gyration given is calculated at the net section as
required in design to BS 5950: Part 1.
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Elastic Modulus ( Z )
The elastic modulus is used to calculate the moment capacity based on the design
strength of the section or the stress at the extreme fibre of the section from a known
moment. It is derived as follows:
Z=
I
y
where y is the distance to the extreme fibre of the section from the elastic neutral axis
and I is the second moment of area.
For castellated sections the elastic modulus given are those at the net section.
For channels the modulus about the minor axis (y-y) is given at the toe of the section.
For angles the elastic modulus about both axes are given at the toes of the section.
Plastic Modulus ( S )
The plastic modulus is calculated based on the first principal, by taking moment about
the equal area axis. Only the full plastic modulus (S) is given in the tables. When a
member is subject to both axial load and bending, the plastic modulus must be
reduced to take account of the reduction in plastic moment of resistance. The details
for the reduction are given in BS 5950.
Buckling parameter ( u ) and torsional index ( x )
The buckling parameter and torsional index used in buckling calculations are derived
as follows:
For bi-symmetric flanged sections and flanged sections symmetrical about the minor
axis only:
1
4S X 2 u= 2 2 A h A
x = 0.566h J
4
1
2
For flanged sections symmetric about the major axis only:
I y SX 2 u=
2
A H A H x = 1132
. I y J where
Sx
1
1
4
2
= is the plastic modulus about the major axis
Iy
= 1
Ix
Iy
= is the second moment of area about the major axis
= is the second moment of area about the minor axis
A
= is the cross-sectional area
h
= is the distance between the shear centres of flanges (for T sections, h is the
distance between shear centre of the flange and the toe of the web)
= is the warping constant
= is the torsion constant
H
J
Ix
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Warping constant ( H )
For Tee sections cut from UB and UC sections, the warping constant (H) has been
derived as given below.
3
1
1 T
T 3 B 3 + d t 3
144
36 2
T , B, D, d , t and r are given in the section tables (r is the corner radius).
H=
Because this value is very small, it is not tabulated.
The warping constants (H) for I, H and channel sections are calculated using the
formulae given in the SCI publication (P057) Design of Members Subject to Combined
Bending and Torsion.
Torsion constant ( J )
For Tee sections cut from UB and UC sections, the torsion constant (J) has been
derived as given below.
J=
1
1
B T 3 + (d T ) t 3 + 1 D1 4 0.21 T 4 0105
. t4
3
3
where
1 = 0.042 + 0.2204
D1 =
t
r
t r
t2
+ 0.1355 0.0865 2 0.0725 2
T
T
T
T
[(T + r ) + (r + 0.25t ) t]
2
[2r + T ]
T , B, D, d , t and r are given in the section tables (r is the corner radius).
The torsion constants (J) for I, H and channel sections are calculated using the
formulae given in the SCI publication (P057) Design of Members Subject to Combined
Bending and Torsion.
For circular hollow sections:
J = 2I
For square and rectangular hollow sections:
J=
t3 h
+ 2 kAh
3
where
I
t
h
= second moment of area
= is the thickness of section
= is the mean perimeter = 2[( B t ) + ( D t )] 2 Rc (4 )
Ah
= is the area enclosed by mean perimeter = ( B t )( D t ) Rc 2 (4 )
k
=
2 Ah t
h
B
D
Rc
= is the breadth of section
= is the depth of section
= is the average of internal and external corner radii
T , B, D, d , t and r are given in the section tables (r is the corner radius).
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Torsion modulus constant ( C )
For circular hollow sections:
C = 2Z
where Z is the elastic modulus.
For square and rectangular hollow sections:
C=
J
t+
k
t
Dimensional units
The dimensions of sections are given in millimetres (mm) and the calculated properties (centroidal
distances, cross-sectional areas, radii of gyration, moments of inertia, elastic and plastic modulus)
are given in centimetre (cm) units. Surface areas are in square centimetres (cm2). Some of the
sections have imperial sizes but the dimensions and sectional properties for these sections are
given in the metric system.
Mass and force units
The units for force, mass and acceleration are those of the Systeme International (SI). They are the
Newton (N), the kilogram (kg) and the metre per second per second (m/s2) so that 1N=1kgx1m/s2.
The acceleration due to gravity varies slightly from place to place and for convenience a "standard"
value of 9.80665 m/s 2 has become generally accepted in structural engineering. With this
convention, the force exerted by a mass of 1kg under the action of gravity is the "technical unit" of
9.80665N. In the same way 9.80665 kilo Newton is the force exerted by a mass of 1 tonne
(1000kg) under gravity and 1kN the force from a mass of 0.102 tonne.
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Comparison Between Hot Finished and Cold Formed Hollow Sections
Introduction
The objectives of the comparison are to gain an understanding on the differences between hot and
cold formed sections, and subsequently, correct applications of the sections.
Hot finished hollow sections have been successfully used in primary structures for many years, but
there is yet little experience with the use of cold formed sections. Cold formed products differ from
the hot finished in many respects. Therefore, their use in primary structures must be approached
with caution.
Thin walled cold formed open sections have been used in construction as secondary members,
such as purlins, for a long time. However, there is a growing trend of manufacturing thicker walled
cold formed hollow sections and the temptation to introduce them into primary structures.
Cold formed hollow sections produced to EN 10219 are suitable for structural use. However,
they should not be used as a direct substitute for hot finished hollow sections without
reconsideration of the design capacity.
With the implementation of the European Standard for cold formed structural hollow sections EN 10219 - there exists a situation of identical grade designations for the majority of the common
strength grades used in both the hot finished (EN 10210) and cold formed (EN 10219) standards.
For instance, sections with yield strength of 275 N/mm2 and Charpy impact strength of 27 Joules at
-20 degrees will have a grade designation of S275J2H in both standards.
Common designation can lead to direct substitution and interchanging of the sections. Since cold
formed sections generally are weaker than hot finished sections it is essential that products are
specified accurately.
If a full designation of the steel is given to include both the standard number and the grade/quality
of the steel, substitution of cold for hot finished sections can be prevented. For example, a hollow
section of yield strength 275N/mm2 and a Charpy impact strength of 27 Joules at -20 degrees
should be designated as EN 10210 S275J2H for hot finished and EN 10219 S275J2H for cold
formed sections.
The BS 5950 Part 1 (1997) are currently being amended, and with the increasing tendency of using
cold formed hollow sections in primary structures these sections will probably be included in the
new edition. The design rules are not very different from those for hot finished sections, but there
are some things a designer has to know and take into consideration. For example, the corner
radiuses, section properties, ductility, corner cracking and welding. The differences between the
two section types in production, behaviour and design are investigated in this chapter.
Specifications
Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels
EN 10210-1 (1994):
Technical delivery requirements
EN 10210-2 (1997):
Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties
BS 5950-1:
Structural use of steel works in building - Code of
practice for design of rolled and welded sections*.
*Subject to changes.
New BS 5950 Part 1, 1999/2000 (6th edition).
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Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels
EN 10219-1 (1997):
Technical delivery requirements
EN 10219-2 (1997):
Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties
BS 5950-1:
Structural use of steel works in building - Code of
practice for design of rolled and welded sections*.
*Subject to changes.
Design of cold formed hollow sections for primary structures will be
included in the new BS 5950 Part 1, 1999/2000 (6th edition).
Manufacture of hollow sections
Hot finished hollow sections
The manufacture of hot hollow sections involves a number of processes and cold forming may be
used initially. However, the hot finished product is characterised by the final forming operation, which
is always being carried out in the austenitic state (i.e. above 920 degrees).
As a result, the forming operations do not affect the physical properties of the final product, which are
uniform around the complete periphery, including the seam weld in continuously welded sections.
Cold formed hollow sections
The physical properties of the cold formed sections are significantly affected by the method used in
producing the strip, section forming processes and the final shape and dimensions of the resulting
section. The strip used for the cold formed sections may be hot or cold rolled.
Plastic deformation and straining occur during the cold forming operations mentioned below:
1) uncoiling of strips
2) strip flattening
3) forming into a round section
4) welding of round sections
5) circular sections formed into square or rectangle
6) straightening of the curved walls and corners formed
Note: Square or rectangular hollow sections are not necessarily formed from round sections, some
manufacturers form the square or rectangle directly from strip.
Cold forming is known to increase the yield and tensile strength of the materials due to cold working or
strain hardening (see Figure 1). However, as the strength increases, ductility decreases. And the
process may result in a section in which the strength and ductility vary considerably around the periphery.
For example, a test specimen from the flat face of the cold formed section will only indicate the conditions
applying to that face. There are also differences in the mechanical property transverse and longitudinally
on the section. Thus, cold formed sections must be used with caution and proper design, especially
in the use for primary structures.
There should be restrictions for the welding of cold formed sections. The corners of these sections are
subjected to high residual stress due to cold working. Welding further induces the residual stress at
the corners because of high local heating.Corner cracking occurs when the yield stress of these cold
formed sections is exceeded by the residual stress built up at the corners.
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Stress
Ultimate strength
Increase of yield stress
due to strain hardening
Fracture
Yield point
after cold working
Initial
loading
Further loading after
cold working
Ductility after
cold working
Loss of ductility
due to cold working
Strain
Figure 1 – Effect of cold working on material properties for cold formed hollow sections
Section properties
Cold formed rectangular and square hollow sections have rounder corners than the hot finished
sections. This is to avoid corner cracking from occurring during the forming of cold formed sections,
because of too sharp corner radius or too thick sections.
However, the larger or rounder the corner radius, the smaller are the cross sectional area, moment
of inertia, section modulus and radius of gyration, etc. for a given size of section compared with a
similar hot finished section. Larger corner radii can make fabrication difficult and require additional
weld metal or profiling to produce the right fit-up. This is a problem particularly when connecting
one section to the face of another section of similar size (see Figure 2), and can also add to
fabrication costs.
The tight corner radii of hot finished
sections provide good preparation for
welding, especially where members of
the same width are to be welded
together.
The larger corner radii of cold formed sections
will require additional weld metal or additional
profiling to produce the required fit-up; both add
to fabrication costs, especially where members of
the same width are to be welded together.
Figure 2 – Comparison of corner radius of hot finished and cold formed hollow sections
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Structural performance
For cold formed sections in tension, the variation of strength around the section could lead to local
over-stressing, which together with the reduced ductility in cold formed sections could reduce the
capability of the sections to redistribute loads.
As local stress redistribution often occurs even in elastic design, the maximum value of yield/
tensile strength ratio should not exceed 80%. This limitation is incorporated in some standards
(extract from “Hot formed RHS winning on points” from British Steel).
The ductility and Charpy impact toughness for sections to EN 10219 are equivalent to hot finished
hollow sections to EN 10210.
For the classification of cross sections the limiting width to thickness ratio will need minor
adjustments to take into account the residual stresses in the section due to cold forming and the
ductility of the material.
According to Europe Code 3 (ENV 1993-1-1:1992/A1:1994), welding of cold formed sections should
not be carried out in the cold deformed zones or within the adjacent width of 5t each side, see
Table 7, unless either:
-the cold-deformed zones are normalised after cold-forming but before welding;
-the thickness does not exceed the relevant value obtained from Table 7.
Maximum
Maximumthickness
thickness(mm)
(mm)
r/t
r/t
Strain
Straindue
dueto
tocold
cold
forming
forming(%)
(%)
Generally
Generally
>> 25
25
>> 22
Any
Any
Any
Any
Fully
Fully killed
killed
Aluminium-killed
Aluminium-killed
steel
steel
(Al
(Al>> 0.02%)
0.02%)
Any
Any
>> 10
10
>> 55
Any
Any
16
16
Any
Any
>> 3.0
3.0
>> 14
14
24
24
12
12
24
24
>> 2.0
2.0
>> 20
20
12
12
10
10
12
12
>> 1.5
1.5
>> 25
25
88
88
10
10
>> 1.0
1.0
>> 33
33
44
44
66
Predominantly
Predominantly
static
staticloading
loading
Where
Wherefatigue
fatigue
predominates
predominates
5t
5t
tt
5t
5t
rr
Table 7 – Conditions for welding cold-deformed zones and adjacent material
Due to stress relief effects, cold formed hollow sections are subject to greater distortion than hot
finished sections when subject to shot blasting, galvanising and welding. This can cause local
buckling, corner cracking and other deformations, and will obviously have a large impact on the
capacity when used as beams and columns.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Explanatory Notes
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Compression resistance
For compression members, the design strength should be based on the yield strength of the cold
finished section (as given in EN 10219) and not on that of the parent plate. Because of the lower
sectional properties and the residual stresses caused by the manufacturing process, a lower column
curve (curve C) is used for the cold formed sections compared to curve A for the hot finished sections.
This results in a larger reduction of the compression strength. Figure 3 shows the column curves.
"Strut" Curves
300
Compressive strength, N/mm
2
250
Curve A
200
150
Curve C
100
50
0
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Slenderness ratio, Note : Please refer to BS 5950 for design
Figure 3 – Compression/Slenderness curves for columns
Web bearing and buckling
Formulae for buckling and bearing for hot finished hollow sections can be found in the SCI Publication
Design Guide to the BS 5950: Part 1; Volume 1 Section Properties and member capacities and these
may also be used for cold formed sections (extract from New Steel Construction, August/September
1998).
Tension, shear and bending
Cold formed members in tension, shear, bending and lateral torsional buckling may be treated in the
same way as hot finished hollow sections (extract from New Steel Construction, August/September
1998).
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Summary
Light gauge open cold formed sections have been widely used for secondary structures of steelframed buildings, such as purlins. Concern is however on the use of the cold formed hollow sections
for primary structures. For a cold formed hollow section of the same nominal size, thickness and
grade as a hot finished hollow section, the compression capacity dependent on the slenderness, can
be 34% lower than for the hot finished section.
The application of the current design rules on cold formed hollow sections might lead to optimistic
results, because the rounder corner radius for these sections can affect the “web” buckling
characteristics of the section.
Most design rules have restrictions on welding of cold formed sections due to the residual stresses
that occurs and to avoid corner cracking.
The advice is that there should not be direct substitution or interchanging of sections
without a capacity checking.
To avoid uncertified substitution the designers and quality surveyors have to know how to visually
differentiate cold formed and hot finished sections. A few things they should know are:
•
Because of the cold forming process the cold formed sections have a smoother, sometimes
oily surface, while the hot finished sections have a rougher surface.
If the sections are blasted or painted the corner radius and weld seam will indicate if the beam/
column is hot finished or cold formed.
•
As mentioned earlier the corner radius of cold formed sections are rounder than the corner
radius of hot finished sections.
•
The seam of welded cold formed sections are always on one of the flat sides, with a
distance from the corner, and on the same place for all members of the same bundle, but
for the hot finished sections the seam can be anywhere on the cross-section.
Fire resistance
There are several options to insure the fire resistance of steel structures. While hollow sections can
be protected on the inside, the outside or a combination of both, the universal columns can only be
protected on the outside.
Externally protected columns
For universal columns and unfilled structural hollow sections there are a number of ways to protect
the columns, including casing by plasterboards, cementitious sprays, intumescent coatings or
pre-formed casings, such as tube-in-tube systems. In all of these cases the fire-protected structural
hollow sections will have the minimum area compared to all other similarly loaded columns in other
materials.
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Explanatory Notes
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Internally protected columns
Structural hollow sections have the advantage that fire protection material like water or concrete,
can be filled inside the columns. It is very simple to design a hollow section with structural grade
concrete filling. First, the column is checked for room temperature loading, and then the fire resistance
is checked, if required, an external fire protection system is added. This method is very economic as
it both minimises the wall thickness of the hollow section, because of the concrete, and reduces the
thickness of the external protection system markedly below that of the unfilled section.
With use of concrete as internal protection of a structural hollow section, external protection
might not be necessary at all. The concrete filling will support the load when the temperature has
reached the point where the load bearing capacity of the steel is under the actual forces imposed on
the structure. The concrete core is designed to carry the whole of the load at the fire limit-state.
Plain concrete filling is suitable for mainly axially loaded columns, while bar reinforced concrete is
required for columns with significant moments.
For externally protected columns the composite concrete filled, intumescent-coated solution gives
the smallest required columns. While for the internally protected columns the bar reinforced concrete
filled solution gives the smallest footprint. Among all the four solutions the composite concrete filled,
intumescent-coated column gives the most economic solution.
Cost comparisons
British Steel in the United Kingdom has made a comparison between different types of fire protection
on hollow section columns and other steel sections. The study compared options for a typical
7-storey internal column carrying a loading of 6kN/m2 on a grid layout of 7.2 metres by 6 metres.
Where possible steel of design grade S355 was used, in general, this gives the most economical
solution for structural steelwork. In the case of internal protection, plain or bar reinforced concrete is
assumed. In the case of external protection, fire resistant boards were assumed for non-circular
columns, such as universal columns and rectangular/square hollow columns.
Three basic design options are possible for column design of structural hollow sections, and British
Steel looked at all 3 of them in this study.
Option 1: Columns are designed on a floor by floor basis or by grouping two or three storeys together.
The lightest steel section is selected for each column lift. This option produces the minimum weight
column with sizes reducing through the height of the building.
Option 2: Columns are designed as in Option 1, but have constant external dimensions throughout
the height of the building. The column at the lowest level is designed for the least weight solution
and it is the external dimensions of this section that are used for all other sections at higher levels.
At the higher levels, the wall thickness of the hollow sections is progressively reduced.
Option 3: Columns are designed as in Option 2, but the type of column selected is optimised for all
the columns over the height of the building rather than just the ground floor, as in Option 2. Generally
this means that the ground floor column is smaller and thicker than that in Option 2, but the column
serial size chosen allows the overall weight of columns to be reduced.
28
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Table 8 and Table 9 compares the costs of UC, CHS and RHS columns for various
methods of fire protection. Circled solutions are most economical.
CHS
External Board
Fire Protection Options
Intumescent Paint
Internal Concrete Filling
Circular Hollow Sections
Unfilled
Composite
Plain concrete
Bar Reinforced
concrete
Columns
Options
UC
Option 1
100
111
88
134
88
Option 2
100
159
113
186
107
Option 3
100
111
97
186
107
Table 8 – Fire resistance: Cost comparison – universal columns vs. circular hollows
RHS
External Board
Fire Protection Options
External Board
Intumescent
Internal Concrete Filling
Paint
Rectangular Hollow Sections
Unfilled
Composite
Composite
Plain concrete Bar Reinforced
concrete
Columns
Options
UC
Option 1
100
108
92
90
163
113
Option 2
100
111
121
115
231
123
Option 3
100
111
100
102
231
123
Table 9 – Fire resistance: Cost comparison – universal columns vs. rectangular hollows
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
29
Explanatory Notes
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Universal Beams and Columns
General
The section sizes of universal beams and columns are given in the tables on the following pages.
We have split up the sections in metric and imperial sizes because the sections are rolled after
different standard specifications.
The tables cover I-beams, IPE- beams, H-beams and HE-beams. The difference between these
beams is that the H/HE-beams have wider flange than the I/IPE-beams and therefore look more like
the letter H than the letter I, see Figure 4. In our catalogue we put them all together to make it easier
to make the ultimate choice.
The standard specifications used for production of universal beams and columns in this region are
listed in this table.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Explanatory Notes
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Rolling tolerances - EN 10034 : 1993
This European standard specifies tolerances
Flange thickness (t)
on shape dimensions and mass of structural
The deviation from nominal on flange thickness
steel universal beams and columns. These
measured at the quarter flange width point shall
requirements do not apply to taper flange sections.
be within the tolerance given in the following table.
Section Height (h)
The deviation from nominal on section height
measured at the centre line of web thickness shall
Flange thickness s (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
Less than 6.5
+1.5
-0.5
6.5 up to but excluding 10
+2.0
-1.0
10 up to but excluding 20
+2.5
-1.5
20 up to but excluding 30
+2.0
-2.0
be within the tolerance given in the following table.
Section Height h (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
Up to and including 180
Greater than 180 up to and
including 400
Greater than 400 up to and
including 700
+3
-2
30 up to but excluding 40
+2.5
-2.5
+4
-2
40 up to but excluding 60
+3.0
-3.0
+5
-3
60 and over
+4.0
-4.0
Greater than 700
+5
-5
y
Flange
(b)(b)
Flangewidth
width
The
from
nominal
on flange
width shall
Thedeviation
deviation
from
nominal
on flange
width
be
thethe
tolerance
given given
in the following
table.
bewithin
within
tolerance
in the following
r
table.
Flange width b (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
Up to and including 110
Greater than 110 up to and
including 210
Greater than 210 up to and
including 325
+4
-1
+4
-2
+4
-4
Greater than 325
+6
-5
h
x
x
s
b
Web
(s)(s)
Webthickness
thickness
The
on on
web
thickness
Thedeviation
deviationfrom
fromnominal
nominal
web
thicknes
measured
at at
thethe
mid-point
of dimension
(h) shall
measured
mid-point
of dimension
(h)
bewithin
within
tolerance
in the following
be
thethe
tolerance
givengiven
in the following
table.
table.
Web thickness s (mm)
32
Tolerance (mm)
Less than 7
+0.7
-0.7
7 up to but excluding 10
+1.0
-1.0
10 up to but excluding 20
+1.5
-1.5
20 up to but excluding 30
+2.0
-2.0
40 up to but excluding 60
+2.5
-2.5
60 and over
+3.0
-3.0
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Out-of-squareness (k + k')
Straightness (qxx or qyy)
The out-of-squareness of the section shall not
The straightness shall comply with the requirements given
exceed the maximum given in the following table.
in the following table.
g
g
Flange width b (mm)
Up to and including 110
Greater than 325
q
Tolerance (mm)
g
Section height h (mm)
Greater than 80 up to
and including 180
Greater than 180 up to
and including 360
1.5
2% of b
(maximum 6.5mm
○
g
Tolerance qxx or qyy
on length L (%)
Greater than 360
0.30 L
0.15 L
0.1 L
Web off-centre (e) on mass
The mid-thickness of the web shall not deviate from
the mid-width position on the flange by more than
the distance (e) given in the following table.
Flange width b (mm)
Web offcentre where
e= (b1-b2)/2
The deviation from the nominal mass of a batch or a
T < 40
T 40
Tolerance on mass
Up to and including 110
Greater than 110 up to
and including 325
Greater than 110 up to
and including 325
+4
Greater than 325
+6
piece shall not exceed ± 4.0%.
+4
+4
The mass deviation is the difference between the
actual mass of the batch or a piece and the calculated
mass. The calculated mass shall be determined using
a density of 7850kg/m3
Tolerance on length
The sections shall be cut to ordered lengths to
b1
b2
tolerances of
a. ± 50mm
or
b.+ 100mm where minimum lengths are requested
L represents the longest useable length of the section
assuming that the ends of the section have been cut
square.
b
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
33
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r
N
t
d
D
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
C
Metric units
b
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
mm
100x50
100x100
125x60
125x125
150x75
150x100
150x150
175x90
175x125
175x175
200x100
200x150
200x200
250x125
250x175
250x250
300x150
34
kg/m
9.30
14.8
16.9
17.2
13.2
23.6
23.8
14.0
20.7
21.1
31.1
31.5
37.4
18.0
18.1
23.3
32.8
40.2
40.4
17.8
18.2
20.9
21.3
29.9
30.6
36.9
41.4
49.9
57.8
65.7
25.1
25.7
29.0
29.6
43.6
44.1
51.6
59.1
66.5
71.8
72.4
98.1
25.0
32.0
36.7
41.4
46.2
69.0
Depth
Width
Of
Of
Section Section
D
B
mm
100
100
100
100
125
125
125
150
148
148
150
150
154
175
175
169
171
175
175
198
198
200
200
194
194
198
196
200
204
208
248
248
250
250
244
244
248
252
248
250
250
260
294
298
300
304
306
318
mm
50
100
100
100
60
125
125
75
100
100
150
150
151
90
90
125
174
175
175
99
99
100
100
150
150
151
199
200
201
202
124
124
125
125
175
175
176
177
249
250
250
253
148
149
150
150
151
154
Thickness
Flange Web
T
t
mm
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
7
9
9
10
10
12
8
8
8
9
11
11
7
7
8
8
9
9
11
10
12
14
16
8
8
9
9
11
11
13
15
13
14
14
19
6
8
9
11
12
18
mm
5
5
6
6
6
6.5
6.5
5
6
6
7
7
8
5
5
5.5
6
7.5
7.5
4.5
4.5
5.5
5.5
6
6
7
6.5
8
9
10
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
9
8
9
9
12
4.5
5.5
6.5
6.5
7.5
11
Root
Depth
Radius Between
Fillets
Area
Of
Section
r
d
A
mm
8
10
8
10
9
8
10
8
8
11
8
11
11
8
9
12
12
12
13
8
11
8
11
8
13
13
13
13
13
13
8
12
8
12
13
16
16
16
16
13
16
16
16
13
13
13
13
13
mm
70
66
68
64
91
91
87
120
114
108
114
108
108
143
141
129
129
129
127
168
162
168
162
160
150
150
150
150
150
150
216
208
216
208
196
190
190
190
190
196
190
190
250
256
256
256
256
256
cm2
11.8
19.2
21.6
21.9
16.8
30.0
30.3
17.8
26.3
26.8
39.6
40.1
47.7
22.9
23.0
29.7
41.7
51.2
51.4
22.7
23.2
26.7
27.2
38.1
39.0
47.0
52.7
63.5
73.6
83.7
32.0
32.7
37.0
37.7
55.5
56.2
65.7
75.3
84.7
91.4
92.2
125
32.6
40.8
46.8
52.8
58.8
87.9
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange Web
b/T
d/t
3.57
7.14
6.25
6.25
3.75
6.94
6.94
5.36
5.56
5.56
7.50
7.50
6.29
5.63
5.63
7.81
9.67
7.95
7.95
7.07
7.07
6.25
6.25
8.33
8.33
6.86
9.95
8.33
7.18
6.31
7.75
7.75
6.94
6.94
7.95
7.95
6.77
5.90
9.58
8.93
8.93
6.66
12.3
9.31
8.33
6.82
6.29
4.28
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14.0
13.2
11.3
10.7
15.2
14.0
13.4
24.0
19.0
18.0
16.3
15.4
13.5
28.6
28.2
23.5
21.5
17.2
16.9
37.3
36.0
30.5
29.5
26.7
25.0
21.4
23.1
18.8
16.7
15.0
43.2
41.6
36.0
34.7
28.0
27.1
23.8
21.1
23.8
21.8
21.1
15.8
55.6
46.5
39.4
39.4
34.1
23.3
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
6
6
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
5
6
7
7
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
8
4
5
5
5
6
8
mm
33
58
57
57
37
69
69
45
57
57
82
82
82
53
53
70
94
94
94
57
57
57
57
82
82
82
106
106
106
106
70
70
70
70
94
94
94
94
131
131
131
131
82
82
82
82
82
82
mm
15
17
16
18
17
17
19
15
17
20
18
21
23
16
17
20
21
23
24
15
18
16
19
17
22
24
23
25
27
29
16
20
17
21
24
27
29
31
29
27
30
35
22
21
22
24
25
31
Notch
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
x
Metric units
Designation
Surface
Size
Unit
Area
Weight
Per
Metre
mm
100x50
100x100
125x60
125x125
150x75
150x100
150x150
175x90
175x125
175x175
200x100
200x150
200x200
250x125
250x175
250x250
300x150
kg/m
9.3
14.8
16.9
17.2
13.2
23.6
23.8
14.0
20.7
21.1
31.1
31.5
37.4
18.0
18.1
23.3
32.8
40.2
40.4
17.8
18.2
20.9
21.3
29.9
30.6
36.9
41.4
49.9
57.8
65.7
25.1
25.7
29.0
29.6
43.6
44.1
51.6
59.1
66.5
71.8
72.4
98.1
25.0
32.0
36.7
41.4
46.2
69.0
m2
0.376
0.570
0.574
0.571
0.463
0.723
0.720
0.576
0.670
0.665
0.872
0.867
0.877
0.686
0.685
0.806
1.01
1.01
1.01
0.769
0.764
0.775
0.770
0.962
0.954
0.964
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
0.968
0.961
0.974
0.967
1.15
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.45
1.46
1.45
1.48
1.14
1.16
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.21
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
188
344
378
383
413
840
847
666
1003
1021
1623
1641
2018
1205
1214
1529
2304
2884
2895
1543
1582
1806
1844
2625
2690
3331
3846
4716
5603
6531
3450
3537
3965
4052
6037
6122
7308
8541
9931
10750
10830
15340
4940
6318
7210
8578
9514
14820
cm4
14.8
117.0
134
134
29.2
293
294
49.5
150
151
563
563
690
97.5
97.6
261
791
984
984
113
114
134
134
507
507
633
1315
1602
1897
2201
255
255
294
294
984
985
1184
1390
3348
3648
3649
5134
326
442
508
620
691
1100
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
x-x
y-y
cm
3.98
4.20
4.18
4.18
4.95
5.29
5.29
6.11
6.17
6.17
6.40
6.39
6.51
7.26
7.26
7.18
7.43
7.50
7.50
8.25
8.26
8.23
8.24
8.30
8.30
8.42
8.54
8.62
8.73
8.83
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.5
10.7
10.8
10.8
10.8
11.1
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.7
12.7
13.0
cm3
37.5
69.0
75.6
76.5
66.1
134
136
88.8
135
138
216
219
262
138
139
181
269
330
331
156
160
181
184
271
277
336
392
472
549
628
278
285
317
324
495
502
589
678
801
860
867
1180
336
424
481
564
622
932
cm3
5.93
23.0
26.7
26.8
9.75
46.9
47.0
13.2
30.1
30.1
75.1
75.1
91.4
21.7
21.7
41.8
90.9
112
112
22.9
23.0
26.7
26.8
67.6
67.7
83.8
132
160
189
218
41.1
41.1
47.0
47.0
112
113
135
157
269
292
292
406
44.0
59.4
67.7
82.7
91.5
143
cm3
44.1
78.0
86.4
87.6
77.6
152
154
102
154
157
243
246
298
156
157
202
298
369
370
175
180
205
209
301
309
377
433
525
617
710
312
319
358
366
550
558
660
764
883
953
960
1330
375
475
542
633
702
1070
cm3
9.5
36.0
41.0
41.2
15.7
71.7
71.9
20.8
46.4
46.7
114
115
140
33.6
33.7
64.3
138
171
172
35.5
35.7
41.6
41.9
103
104
128
201
244
287
332
63.2
63.6
72.7
73.1
172
173
207
241
408
443
444
618
68.4
91.8
105
128
142
223
cm
1.12
2.47
2.49
2.47
1.32
3.13
3.11
1.67
2.39
2.37
3.77
3.75
3.80
2.06
2.06
2.97
4.35
4.38
4.37
2.24
2.22
2.24
2.22
3.65
3.61
3.67
5.00
5.02
5.08
5.13
2.82
2.79
2.82
2.79
4.21
4.19
4.24
4.30
6.29
6.32
6.29
6.41
3.16
3.29
3.29
3.43
3.43
3.54
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling Torsional
Parameter
Index
u
0.876
0.843
0.836
0.837
0.872
0.839
0.840
0.876
0.880
0.881
0.841
0.842
0.845
0.885
0.885
0.879
0.845
0.844
0.845
0.883
0.884
0.878
0.880
0.876
0.878
0.879
0.847
0.846
0.847
0.848
0.884
0.886
0.880
0.881
0.883
0.884
0.884
0.885
0.850
0.847
0.848
0.849
0.878
0.880
0.876
0.888
0.884
0.884
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
x
H
J
12.7
12.3
11.1
10.7
14.0
12.8
12.5
20.4
15.8
15.0
14.1
13.7
11.8
21.8
21.4
19.1
17.5
14.7
14.5
28.4
26.5
24.9
23.6
21.2
19.8
16.9
18.2
15.5
13.6
12.2
32.0
29.9
28.4
26.9
21.3
20.5
18.0
16.0
17.9
17.1
16.7
12.8
39.7
35.6
32.0
27.8
25.6
17.9
dm6
0.000320
0.00253
0.00283
0.00283
0.00100
0.00987
0.00988
0.00253
0.00727
0.00728
0.0276
0.0276
0.0348
0.00680
0.00680
0.0169
0.0519
0.0662
0.0662
0.0103
0.0104
0.0123
0.0124
0.0434
0.0434
0.0553
0.114
0.142
0.171
0.203
0.0367
0.0367
0.0426
0.0427
0.134
0.134
0.163
0.195
0.462
0.508
0.508
0.745
0.0676
0.0930
0.107
0.133
0.149
0.248
cm4
2.03
3.53
4.73
5.17
3.75
7.91
8.43
2.81
6.56
7.37
12.5
13.5
22.2
4.31
4.50
6.76
11.5
20.4
21.0
3.30
3.86
5.08
5.77
9.32
10.9
18.5
17.6
29.8
45.8
66.7
5.78
6.74
8.51
9.68
21.2
23.2
36.1
53.2
46.7
55.8
58.7
141
5.51
8.65
12.4
18.8
24.9
79.0
35
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r
N
t
d
D
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
C
Metric units
b
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
mm
300x200
300x300
350x175
350x250
350x350
400x200
400x300
400x400
36
kg/m
48.3
55.8
56.8
65.4
77.3
87.0
93.0
94.0
106
125
130
147
41.2
41.4
49.4
49.6
57.8
66.2
71.8
79.7
69.2
78.1
79.7
94.2
108
113
115
135
137
159
181
56.1
56.6
65.4
66.0
75.5
88.2
140
187
94.3
105
107
127
144
140
147
172
200
232
283
415
605
Depth
Width
Of
Of
Section Section
D
B
mm
290
294
294
298
304
298
300
300
304
310
310
312
346
346
350
350
354
358
360
364
336
340
340
346
350
344
344
350
350
356
362
396
396
400
400
404
410
430
446
386
390
390
396
402
388
394
400
406
414
428
458
498
mm
199
200
200
201
202
299
300
300
301
303
305
310
174
174
175
175
176
177
178
177
249
250
250
251
253
348
354
350
350
352
354
199
199
200
200
201
202
208
214
299
300
300
302
303
402
398
400
403
405
407
417
432
Root
Depth
Radius Between
Fillets
Thickness
Flange Web
T
t
mm
10
12
12
14
17
14
15
15
17
20
20
21
9
9
11
11
13
15
16
18
12
14
14
17
19
16
16
19
19
22
25
11
11
13
13
15
18
28
36
14
16
16
19
22
15
18
21
24
28
35
50
70
mm
7
8
8
9
10
9
10
10
11
13
15
20
6
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
8
9
9
10
12
10
10
12
12
14
16
7
7
8
8
9
10
16
22
9
10
10
12
13
15
11
13
16
18
20
30
45
Area
Of
Section
r
d
A
mm
18
13
18
18
18
18
13
18
18
18
18
18
13
14
13
14
14
14
14
14
20
13
20
20
20
13
20
13
20
20
20
13
16
13
16
16
16
16
16
22
13
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
mm
234
244
234
234
234
234
244
234
234
234
234
234
302
300
302
300
300
300
300
300
272
286
272
272
272
286
272
286
272
272
272
348
342
348
342
342
342
342
342
314
332
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
cm2
61.5
71.1
72.4
83.4
98.5
111
118
120
135
159
165
187
52.5
52.7
62.9
63.1
73.7
84.3
91.4
101
88.2
100
102
120
137
144
148
172
174
202
230
71.4
72.2
83.4
84.1
96.2
112
179
239
120
133
136
162
184
178
187
219
255
295
361
529
770
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange Web
b/T
d/t
9.95
8.33
8.33
7.18
5.94
10.7
10.0
10.0
8.85
7.58
7.63
7.38
9.67
9.67
7.95
7.95
6.77
5.90
5.56
4.92
10.4
8.93
8.93
7.38
6.66
10.9
11.1
9.21
9.21
8.00
7.08
9.05
9.05
7.69
7.69
6.70
5.61
3.71
2.97
10.7
9.38
9.38
7.95
6.89
13.4
11.1
9.52
8.40
7.23
5.81
4.17
3.09
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
33.4
30.5
29.3
26.0
23.4
26.0
24.4
23.4
21.3
18.0
15.6
11.7
50.3
50.0
43.1
42.9
37.5
33.3
30.0
27.3
34.0
31.8
30.2
27.2
22.7
28.6
27.2
23.8
22.7
19.4
17.0
49.7
48.9
43.5
42.8
38.0
34.2
21.4
15.5
34.9
33.2
31.4
26.2
24.2
20.9
28.5
24.2
19.6
17.4
15.7
10.5
7.0
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
8
9
10
12
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
8
6
7
7
7
8
7
7
8
8
9
10
6
6
6
6
7
7
10
13
7
7
7
8
9
10
8
9
10
11
12
17
25
mm
106
106
106
106
106
155
155
155
155
155
155
155
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
93
131
131
131
131
131
179
182
179
179
179
179
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
155
155
155
155
155
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
mm
28
25
30
32
35
32
28
33
35
38
38
39
22
23
24
25
27
29
30
32
32
27
34
37
39
29
36
32
39
42
45
24
27
26
29
31
34
44
52
36
29
38
41
44
37
40
43
46
50
57
72
92
Notch
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
Metric units
y
Designation
Surface
Size
Unit
Area
Weight
Per
Metre
mm
300x200
300x300
350x175
350x250
350x350
400x200
400x300
400x400
kg/m
48.3
55.8
56.8
65.4
77.3
87.0
93.0
94.0
106
125
130
147
41.2
41.4
49.4
49.6
57.8
66.2
71.8
79.7
69.2
78.1
79.7
94.2
108
113
115
135
137
159
181
56.1
56.6
65.4
66.0
75.5
88.2
140
187
94.3
105
107
127
144
140
147
172
200
232
283
415
605
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
x
m2
1.33
1.35
1.34
1.35
1.37
1.74
1.76
1.75
1.76
1.78
1.78
1.79
1.35
1.35
1.36
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.39
1.62
1.64
1.63
1.64
1.65
2.04
2.05
2.05
2.04
2.06
2.07
1.55
1.55
1.56
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.63
1.68
1.91
1.94
1.92
1.94
1.95
2.32
2.32
2.34
2.35
2.37
2.41
2.49
2.60
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
9431
11110
11340
13310
16280
18850
20190
20410
23380
28130
28630
31370
11040
11100
13500
13560
16100
18710
20240
22760
18510
21230
21680
26440
30190
32850
33810
39847
40300
47590
55190
19770
20020
23460
23710
27490
33060
54850
75250
33680
37860
38680
46660
54420
48970
56150
66620
78040
92770
119200
187100
297900
cm4
1317
1602
1604
1900
2341
6242
6753
6756
7733
9282
9470
10450
792
792
984
985
1184
1390
1508
1669
3093
3649
3652
4488
5138
11240
11840
13583
13590
16000
18500
1447
1448
1736
1737
2035
2478
4216
5919
6246
7204
7210
8735
10220
16260
18930
22420
26200
31030
39360
60530
94360
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
cm
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.6
12.9
13.0
13.1
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.2
13.0
14.5
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.9
15.0
14.5
14.6
14.6
14.8
14.8
15.1
15.1
15.2
15.2
15.3
15.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.8
16.9
17.2
17.5
17.8
16.7
16.9
16.9
17.0
17.2
16.6
17.3
17.5
17.5
17.7
18.2
18.8
19.7
cm
4.63
4.75
4.71
4.77
4.88
7.51
7.55
7.51
7.57
7.64
7.57
7.48
3.88
3.88
3.96
3.95
4.01
4.06
4.06
4.06
5.92
6.05
6.00
6.12
6.12
8.84
8.95
8.89
8.84
8.90
8.96
4.50
4.48
4.56
4.54
4.60
4.70
4.86
4.98
7.21
7.35
7.28
7.35
7.45
9.55
10.1
10.1
10.1
10.2
10.4
10.7
11.1
Elastic
Modulus
Axis
x-x
cm3
650
756
771
893
1071
1265
1346
1361
1538
1815
1847
2011
638
641
771
775
909
1045
1124
1250
1102
1249
1275
1528
1725
1910
1966
2277
2303
2674
3049
999
1011
1173
1185
1361
1612
2551
3374
1745
1942
1983
2357
2707
2524
2850
3331
3844
4482
5570
8172
11960
Axis
y-y
Plastic
Modulus
x-x
cm3
cm3
132
721
160
842
160
859
189 1000
232 1204
418 1389
450 1484
450 1501
514 1705
613 2031
621 2079
674 2295
91.0
712
91.0
716
113
864
113
868
135 1022
157 1180
169 1276
189 1425
248 1215
292 1382
292 1412
358 1699
406 1935
646 2092
669 2153
776 2515
776 2545
909 2979
1045 3424
145 1114
145 1128
174 1313
174 1326
202 1528
245 1815
405 2941
553 3968
418 1918
480 2141
481 2188
578 2620
674 3022
809 2802
951 3118
1121 3672
1300 4280
1532 5026
1934 6311
2903 9540
4369 14460
y-y
cm3
203
245
247
291
356
634
683
684
781
932
949
1040
140
140
173
174
208
243
263
293
380
445
447
547
623
978
1014
1176
1179
1382
1591
223
224
267
268
312
378
632
873
637
730
733
884
1030
1237
1441
1700
1977
2331
2941
4436
6724
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling Torsional
Parameter
Index
u
0.882
0.882
0.883
0.884
0.888
0.850
0.847
0.848
0.849
0.849
0.842
0.830
0.881
0.882
0.883
0.884
0.885
0.886
0.883
0.884
0.881
0.881
0.882
0.886
0.882
0.848
0.846
0.847
0.849
0.848
0.848
0.883
0.884
0.885
0.886
0.887
0.891
0.887
0.883
0.880
0.879
0.881
0.880
0.883
0.830
0.850
0.850
0.846
0.848
0.854
0.853
0.852
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
x
H
J
26.0
24.0
22.7
20.1
17.2
20.0
19.4
18.8
16.9
14.6
14.4
13.0
38.1
37.5
32.2
31.8
27.6
24.4
22.9
20.6
25.8
24.2
22.8
19.5
17.6
21.1
20.4
18.0
17.5
15.4
13.7
36.8
35.6
31.8
30.9
27.4
23.4
15.7
12.5
25.8
24.5
23.2
20.0
17.7
22.5
20.9
18.2
16.1
14.1
11.6
8.5
6.4
dm6
0.258
0.319
0.319
0.383
0.482
1.26
1.37
1.37
1.59
1.95
1.99
2.21
0.225
0.225
0.283
0.283
0.344
0.409
0.446
0.499
0.812
0.969
0.970
1.21
1.41
3.02
3.18
3.72
3.72
4.46
5.25
0.536
0.536
0.650
0.650
0.770
0.952
1.70
2.49
2.16
2.52
2.52
3.10
3.69
5.66
6.69
8.05
9.56
11.6
15.2
25.2
43.2
cm4
22.8
31.4
35.8
53.4
87.8
71.3
82.1
88.1
125
200
215
298
13.2
13.6
22.4
23.0
36.1
53.6
66.3
91.3
44.6
58.0
66.3
109
155
111
123
186
199
305
445
25.0
27.1
39.6
42.2
62.3
101
373
825
79.9
100
114
185
272
156
194
303
462
714
1317
3885
11060
37
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r
N
t
d
D
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
C
Metric units
b
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
mm
450x200
450x300
500x200
500x300
600x200
600x300
700x300
800x300
900x300
38
kg/m
65.1
66.2
74.9
76.0
88.9
98.9
110
106
121
124
145
77.9
79.5
88.2
89.6
102
103
117
111
114
125
128
150
79.0
92.5
94.6
103
106
118
120
134
133
137
147
151
170
175
203
217
166
182
185
215
191
207
210
241
267
210
213
240
243
283
286
304
307
Depth
Width
Of
Of
Section Section
D
B
mm
446
446
450
450
456
460
460
434
440
440
446
496
496
500
500
506
506
512
482
482
488
488
494
592
596
596
600
600
606
606
612
582
582
588
588
594
594
602
608
692
700
700
708
792
800
800
808
816
890
890
900
900
912
912
918
918
mm
199
199
200
200
201
202
205
299
300
300
302
199
199
200
200
201
201
202
300
300
300
300
302
197
199
199
200
200
201
201
202
300
300
300
300
302
302
304
304
300
300
300
302
300
300
300
302
303
299
299
300
300
302
302
303
303
Root
Depth
Radius Between
Fillets
Thickness
Flange Web
T
t
mm
12
12
14
14
17
19
19
15
18
18
21
14
14
16
16
19
19
22
15
15
18
18
21
13
15
15
17
17
20
20
23
17
17
20
20
23
23
27
30
20
24
24
28
22
26
26
30
34
23
23
28
28
34
34
37
37
mm
8
8
9
9
10
11
14
10
11
11
13
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
11
11
11
11
13
8
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
12
12
12
12
14
14
16
16
13
13
13
15
14
14
14
16
17
15
15
16
16
18
18
19
19
Area
Of
Section
r
d
A
mm
13
18
13
18
18
18
18
24
13
24
24
13
20
13
20
13
20
20
13
26
13
26
26
22
13
22
13
22
13
22
22
13
28
13
28
13
28
28
28
28
18
28
28
28
18
28
28
28
18
28
18
28
18
28
18
28
mm
396
386
396
386
386
386
386
356
378
356
356
442
428
442
428
442
428
428
426
400
426
400
400
522
540
522
540
522
540
522
522
522
492
522
492
522
492
492
492
596
616
596
596
692
712
692
692
692
808
788
808
788
808
788
808
788
cm2
83.0
84.3
95.4
96.8
113
126
140
135
154
157
184
99
101
112
114
129
131
148
141
146
159
164
191
101
118
120
132
134
150
152
171
169
174
187
192
217
222
259
277
211
232
235
274
243
264
267
308
340
267
271
306
310
360
364
387
391
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange Web
b/T
d/t
8.29
8.29
7.14
7.14
5.91
5.32
5.39
9.97
8.33
8.33
7.19
7.11
7.11
6.25
6.25
5.29
5.29
4.59
10.0
10.0
8.33
8.33
7.19
7.58
6.63
6.63
5.88
5.88
5.03
5.03
4.39
8.82
8.82
7.50
7.50
6.57
6.57
5.63
5.07
7.50
6.25
6.25
5.39
6.82
5.77
5.77
5.03
4.46
6.50
6.50
5.36
5.36
4.44
4.44
4.09
4.09
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
49.5
48.3
44.0
42.9
38.6
35.1
27.6
35.6
34.4
32.4
27.4
49.1
47.6
44.2
42.8
40.2
38.9
35.7
38.7
36.4
38.7
36.4
30.8
65.3
54.0
52.2
49.1
47.5
45.0
43.5
40.2
43.5
41.0
43.5
41.0
37.3
35.1
30.8
30.8
45.8
47.4
45.8
39.7
49.4
50.9
49.4
43.3
40.7
53.9
52.5
50.5
49.3
44.9
43.8
42.5
41.5
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
6
6
7
7
7
8
9
7
8
8
9
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
6
7
7
8
8
8
8
9
8
8
8
8
9
9
10
10
9
9
9
10
9
9
9
10
11
10
10
10
10
11
11
12
12
mm
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
155
155
155
155
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
155
155
155
155
155
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
153
153
153
153
153
152
152
152
152
152
152
152
152
mm
25
30
27
32
35
37
37
39
31
42
45
27
34
29
36
32
39
42
28
41
31
44
47
35
28
37
30
39
33
42
45
30
45
33
48
36
51
55
58
48
42
52
56
50
44
54
58
62
41
51
46
56
52
62
55
65
Notch
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
Metric units
y
Designation
Surface
Size
Unit
Area
Weight
Per
Metre
mm
450x200
450x300
500x200
500x300
600x200
600x300
700x300
800x300
900x300
kg/m
65.1
66.2
74.9
76.0
88.9
98.9
110
106
121
124
145
77.9
79.5
88.2
89.6
102
103
117
111
114
125
128
150
79.0
92.5
94.6
103
106
118
120
134
133
137
147
151
170
175
203
217
166
182
185
215
191
207
210
241
267
210
213
240
243
283
286
304
307
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
x
m2
1.65
1.64
1.66
1.65
1.67
1.68
1.68
2.00
2.04
2.02
2.03
1.75
1.74
1.76
1.75
1.77
1.76
1.77
2.12
2.10
2.13
2.11
2.13
1.92
1.95
1.93
1.96
1.94
1.97
1.95
1.97
2.32
2.29
2.33
2.30
2.35
2.32
2.34
2.35
2.51
2.54
2.53
2.55
2.71
2.74
2.72
2.74
2.76
2.92
2.90
2.94
2.92
2.97
2.95
2.98
2.96
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
28130
28700
32890
33450
40400
45430
47860
46800
54730
56070
66380
40840
41870
46810
47850
55480
56520
65450
58270
60370
68860
70960
83810
58240
66640
68720
75560
77630
88320
90400
103500
98950
102700
114400
118100
133600
137300
162600
179300
172400
197500
201500
237100
253600
286400
291700
339200
383600
338500
345300
404500
411300
491000
497800
535400
542200
cm4
1579
1581
1870
1872
2308
2619
2742
6695
8106
8114
9658
1843
1846
2138
2142
2578
2582
3035
6756
6768
8106
8118
9663
1665
1976
1982
2274
2280
2716
2723
3178
7659
7675
9009
9025
10570
10590
12680
14090
9030
10820
10830
12890
9936
11720
11740
13820
15820
10280
10290
12630
12650
15660
15670
17210
17230
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
cm
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.6
18.9
19.0
18.5
18.6
18.9
18.9
19.0
20.3
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.7
20.7
21.0
20.3
20.4
20.8
20.8
20.9
24.1
23.8
23.9
24.0
24.0
24.3
24.3
24.6
24.2
24.3
24.7
24.8
24.8
24.9
25.1
25.4
28.6
29.2
29.3
29.4
32.3
33.0
33.0
33.2
33.6
35.6
35.7
36.4
36.4
36.9
37.0
37.2
37.2
cm
4.36
4.33
4.43
4.40
4.51
4.56
4.43
7.04
7.26
7.18
7.24
4.31
4.27
4.36
4.33
4.47
4.43
4.52
6.92
6.82
7.14
7.05
7.11
4.07
4.10
4.06
4.16
4.12
4.26
4.23
4.32
6.73
6.63
6.94
6.85
6.98
6.90
7.00
7.13
6.53
6.83
6.78
6.86
6.39
6.67
6.62
6.70
6.82
6.20
6.16
6.43
6.39
6.59
6.56
6.67
6.63
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
x-x
y-y
cm3
1262
1287
1462
1487
1772
1975
2081
2157
2488
2549
2977
1647
1688
1872
1914
2193
2234
2557
2418
2505
2822
2908
3393
1968
2236
2306
2519
2588
2915
2983
3382
3400
3530
3889
4018
4497
4624
5401
5896
4984
5643
5757
6699
6405
7159
7292
8397
9402
7608
7760
8989
9139
10770
10920
11660
11810
cm3
159
159
187
187
230
259
268
448
540
541
640
185
186
214
214
257
257
300
450
451
540
541
640
169
199
199
227
228
270
271
315
511
512
601
602
700
701
834
927
602
721
722
854
662
781
782
915
1044
687
688
842
843
1037
1038
1136
1137
cm3
1423
1450
1652
1679
2003
2240
2399
2384
2757
2825
3323
1869
1914
2130
2175
2496
2541
2913
2696
2791
3132
3228
3792
2239
2576
2651
2904
2979
3357
3432
3893
3822
3963
4348
4489
5057
5197
6101
6653
5629
6338
6464
7559
7288
8098
8243
9534
10680
8750
8913
10290
10450
12340
12500
13380
13540
cm3
245
247
290
291
356
403
423
686
823
828
981
288
290
333
335
399
401
469
690
695
825
830
984
265
312
315
358
361
426
429
498
786
793
921
928
1077
1085
1292
1431
936
1110
1116
1323
1036
1210
1216
1426
1625
1079
1085
1317
1324
1622
1629
1778
1785
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling Torsional
Parameter
Index
u
0.876
0.878
0.878
0.879
0.884
0.885
0.869
0.883
0.885
0.887
0.886
0.874
0.876
0.875
0.877
0.880
0.881
0.884
0.877
0.880
0.887
0.889
0.888
0.870
0.861
0.864
0.863
0.865
0.868
0.870
0.873
0.876
0.879
0.886
0.888
0.885
0.887
0.888
0.893
0.878
0.887
0.889
0.889
0.873
0.882
0.883
0.883
0.887
0.863
0.865
0.872
0.873
0.876
0.877
0.878
0.879
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
x
H
J
38.4
36.5
33.6
32.2
27.5
25.0
23.9
27.0
24.9
23.4
20.5
37.5
35.2
33.3
31.6
28.7
27.5
24.3
32.4
29.4
28.0
25.9
22.8
45.2
42.9
39.7
38.4
36.0
33.4
31.7
28.3
35.5
32.1
31.2
28.8
27.3
25.5
22.3
20.5
34.3
31.4
30.0
26.3
36.8
33.9
32.5
28.7
25.8
42.2
40.2
35.9
34.5
30.1
29.3
27.9
27.2
dm6
0.744
0.744
0.889
0.890
1.11
1.27
1.33
2.94
3.61
3.61
4.36
1.07
1.07
1.25
1.25
1.53
1.53
1.82
3.68
3.69
4.48
4.48
5.40
1.40
1.67
1.67
1.93
1.94
2.33
2.34
2.76
6.11
6.13
7.27
7.28
8.62
8.63
10.5
11.8
10.2
12.4
12.4
14.9
14.7
17.6
17.6
20.9
24.2
19.3
19.3
24.0
24.0
30.2
30.2
33.4
33.4
cm4
33.9
38.3
51.6
56.9
92.5
126
152
104
141
163
253
52.5
60.8
75.9
85.9
119
132
193
93.9
118
143
172
265
53.0
69.2
82.4
97.3
113
147
167
237
137
173
199
241
304
356
551
702
260
343
383
588
341
440
486
726
1003
361
403
580
633
979
1050
1234
1316
39
38
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r
N
t
d
D
T
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
C
Imperial units
b
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W4-4x4
(102x102)
W5-5x3
(127x76)
W5-5x5
(127x127)
W6-6x3
(152x76)
W6-6x3 1/2
(152x89)
W6-6x4
(152x102)
W6-6x6
(152X152)
W7-7x 3 1/2
(178x89)
W7-7x4
(178x102)
W8-8x4
(203x102)
W8-8x5 1/4
(203x133)
W8-8x6 1/2
(203x165)
W8-8x8
(203x203)
W10-10x4
(254x102)
40
Depth
Of
Section
Width
Of
Section
D
B
T
t
Thickness
Root
Radius
Depth
Between
Fillets
Area
Of
Section
r
d
A
Flange Web
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange
Web
b/T
d/t
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
58
57
56
46
mm
15
15
18
15
Notch
lb/ft
13
13.8
16.3
9
kg/m
19.4
21.0
24.0
13.0
mm
105.7
102.0
107.0
127.0
mm
103.1
102.0
100.0
76.0
mm
8.8
9.4
12.0
7.6
mm
7.1
8.0
7.9
4.0
mm
6.4
6.0
6.0
7.6
mm
75.5
71.2
71.0
96.6
cm2
24.7
26.1
30.9
16.5
5.88
5.43
4.17
5.00
10.6
8.90
8.99
24.2
mm
6
6
6
4
16
19
9
12
11
23.8
28.3
14.0
18.0
16.0
127.3
130.8
150.0
155.0
152.4
127.0
127.8
75.0
75.0
88.7
9.1
10.9
7.0
8.5
7.7
6.1
6.9
5.0
6.0
4.5
7.6
7.6
8.0
8.0
7.6
93.8
93.8
120.0
122.0
121.8
30.4
35.8
17.8
21.6
20.3
6.95
5.86
5.36
4.41
5.76
15.4
13.7
24.0
20.3
27.1
5
5
5
5
4
70
70
45
45
52
17
19
15
17
15
9
12
16
15
15.7
20
25
11
12
15
13
13.4
17.9
23.8
22.3
23.0
30.0
37.0
16.1
18.1
22.2
19.0
149.9
153.2
159.5
152.1
152.4
157.6
161.8
173.0
175.0
179.0
177.8
100.1
101.6
102.4
152.1
152.2
152.9
154.4
90.0
90.0
90.0
101.2
5.5
7.1
10.2
6.6
6.8
9.4
11.5
7.0
8.0
10.0
7.9
4.3
5.8
6.6
5.8
5.8
6.5
8.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
4.8
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
7.6
7.6
7.6
8.9
8.9
8.9
7.6
126.3
126.3
126.4
126.2
123.6
123.6
123.6
141.2
141.2
141.2
146.8
17.3
22.9
30.4
28.5
29.2
38.3
47.1
20.4
23.0
28.2
24.3
9.17
7.14
5.02
11.5
11.2
8.13
6.71
6.43
5.63
4.50
6.41
29.2
21.6
19.2
21.6
21.3
19.0
15.5
31.4
28.2
23.5
30.6
4
5
5
5
5
5
6
4
5
5
4
58
58
58
83
83
83
83
53
53
52
58
12
13
17
13
14
17
19
16
17
19
16
10
13
15
16
14
15
17
18
20
21
24
28
31
35
40
48
58
67
12
15
17
19
14.9
19.4
22.3
23.1
21.0
22.3
25.1
26.8
30.0
31.3
35.7
41.7
46.1
52.0
60.0
71.0
86.1
99.7
17.9
22.0
25.2
28.3
200.4
202.9
206.0
203.2
203.0
202.0
203.2
206.8
206.8
210.3
201.4
204.7
203.2
206.2
209.6
215.8
222.2
228.6
250.7
254.0
257.2
260.4
100.1
101.6
102.0
101.8
133.0
133.0
133.2
133.3
133.9
133.9
165.0
166.0
203.6
204.3
205.8
206.4
209.1
210.3
100.6
101.6
101.9
102.2
5.2
6.5
8.0
9.3
6.4
7.0
7.8
8.4
9.6
10.1
10.1
11.8
11.0
12.5
14.2
17.3
20.5
23.8
5.3
6.8
8.4
10.0
4.3
5.8
6.2
5.4
5.0
5.0
5.7
5.8
6.4
6.4
6.2
7.2
7.2
7.9
9.4
10.0
12.7
14.5
4.8
5.7
6.0
6.3
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
8.0
8.9
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
174.7
174.7
174.8
169.4
174.2
170.2
172.4
174.8
172.4
174.9
160.8
160.7
160.8
160.8
160.8
160.8
160.8
160.7
224.8
225.2
225.2
225.2
19.1
24.8
28.6
29.4
27.1
28.7
32.0
33.9
38.2
39.6
45.5
53.2
58.7
66.3
76.4
90.4
110
127
22.8
28.0
32.0
36.1
9.61
7.84
6.38
5.47
10.39
9.50
8.54
7.95
6.97
6.63
8.17
7.03
9.25
8.17
7.25
5.97
5.10
4.43
9.44
7.47
6.07
5.11
40.4
29.9
28.1
31.4
34.8
34.0
30.2
29.9
26.9
27.5
25.9
22.2
22.3
20.4
17.1
16.1
12.7
11.1
46.5
39.5
37.5
35.7
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
8
9
4
5
5
5
58
58
58
58
74
74
74
74
74
74
89
89
108
108
108
108
108
108
58
58
58
58
13
14
16
17
14
16
15
16
17
18
20
22
21
23
24
28
31
34
13
14
16
18
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
39
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
x
Imperial units
y
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W4-4x4
(102x102)
W5-5x3
(127x76)
W5-5x5
(127x127)
W6-6x3
(152x76)
W6-6x3 1/2
(152x89)
W6-6x4
(152x102)
W6-6x6
(152X152)
W7-7x 3 1/2
(178x89)
W7-7x4
(178x102)
W8-8x4
(203x102)
W8-8x5 1/4
(203x133)
W8-8x6 1/2
(203x165)
W8-8x8
(203x203)
W10-10x4
(254x102)
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
lb/ft kg/m
13 19.4
13.8 21.0
16.3 24.0
9
13.0
Surface
Area
per
Metre
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
m2
0.599
0.586
0.588
0.537
cm4
472
456
587
473
cm4
160
167
200
55.8
cm
4.38
4.18
4.36
5.35
cm
2.55
2.53
2.55
1.84
cm3
89.4
89.4
110
74.6
cm3
31.1
32.7
40.1
14.7
cm3
103
104
129
84.2
cm3
47.8
50.4
61.5
22.6
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
u
x
H
J
0.836
0.827
0.844
0.895
10.9
9.61
8.13
16.3
dm6
0.00377
0.00357
0.00452
0.00199
cm4
6.29
7.78
13.5
2.85
16
19
9
12
11
23.8
28.3
14.0
18.0
16.0
0.737
0.746
0.576
0.584
0.638
892
1092
666
841
834
312
380
49.5
60.2
89.8
5.42
5.52
6.11
6.24
6.41
3.21
3.25
1.67
1.67
2.10
140
167
88.8
109
109
49.2
59.4
13.2
16.0
20.2
158
190
102
126
123
75.0
90.6
20.8
25.4
31.2
0.842
0.845
0.876
0.875
0.890
13.0
11.2
20.4
17.6
19.6
0.0109
0.0136
0.00253
0.00323
0.00470
8.00
13.1
2.81
4.81
3.56
9
12
16
15
15.7
20
25
11
12
15
13
13.4
17.9
23.8
22.3
23.0
30.0
37.0
16.1
18.1
22.2
19.0
0.681
0.690
0.704
0.890
0.889
0.901
0.912
0.682
0.685
0.691
0.738
683
918
1330
1210
1250
1748
2210
1060
1213
1529
1356
91.4
125
183
387
400
560
706
85.4
97.6
122
137
6.29
6.33
6.61
6.51
6.54
6.76
6.85
7.20
7.26
7.36
7.48
2.30
2.33
2.45
3.68
3.70
3.83
3.87
2.04
2.06
2.08
2.37
91.1
120
167
159
164
222
273
123
139
171
153
18.3
24.5
35.7
50.9
52.6
73.3
91.5
19.0
21.7
27.1
27.0
102
136
190
177
182
248
309
138
157
195
171
28.1
38.0
55.2
77.7
80.2
112
140
29.4
33.7
42.3
41.6
0.873
0.869
0.882
0.837
0.840
0.849
0.848
0.884
0.885
0.886
0.888
26.2
20.4
15.4
21.4
20.7
16.0
13.3
23.9
21.4
17.8
22.6
0.00477
0.00665
0.0102
0.0205
0.0212
0.0308
0.0399
0.00588
0.00680
0.00871
0.00987
1.69
3.76
9.12
4.21
4.63
10.5
19.2
3.15
4.48
8.16
4.41
10
13
15
16
14
15
17
18
20
21
24
28
31
35
40
48
58
67
12
15
17
19
14.9
19.4
22.3
23.1
21.0
22.3
25.1
26.8
30.0
31.3
35.7
41.7
46.1
52.0
60.0
71.0
86.1
99.7
17.9
22.0
25.2
28.3
0.779
0.787
0.794
0.790
0.914
0.911
0.915
0.922
0.923
0.930
1.03
1.04
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.24
1.25
0.881
0.890
0.897
0.904
1284
1647
1999
2105
1980
2105
2340
2578
2896
3119
3430
4077
4568
5259
6125
7618
9449
11310
2241
2841
3415
4005
87.3
114
142
164
251
275
308
331
385
405
757
901
1548
1778
2065
2537
3128
3687
90.8
119
149
179
8.19
8.16
8.36
8.46
8.55
8.56
8.56
8.72
8.71
8.87
8.68
8.76
8.82
8.91
8.96
9.18
9.28
9.44
9.91
10.1
10.3
10.5
2.14
2.14
2.23
2.36
3.05
3.09
3.10
3.12
3.17
3.20
4.08
4.12
5.13
5.18
5.20
5.30
5.34
5.39
1.99
2.06
2.15
2.22
128
162
194
207
195
208
230
249
280
297
341
398
450
510
584
706
850
990
179
224
266
308
17.4
22.4
27.8
32.2
37.8
41.3
46.2
49.7
57.5
60.4
91.7
109
152
174
201
246
299
351
18.0
23.5
29.2
34.9
145
187
222
234
218
232
258
279
314
333
378
445
497
567
656
799
977
1150
207
259
306
353
27.2
35.3
43.7
49.8
58.0
63.4
70.9
76.3
88.2
92.7
140
165
231
264
305
374
456
536
28.6
37.3
46.0
54.8
0.867
0.861
0.869
0.888
0.874
0.879
0.877
0.880
0.881
0.885
0.875
0.875
0.847
0.848
0.846
0.853
0.850
0.852
0.851
0.856
0.866
0.874
36.3
29.0
25.2
22.5
29.9
27.9
25.6
24.5
21.5
21.0
19.3
16.8
17.7
15.8
14.1
11.9
10.2
9.0
44.0
36.4
31.5
27.5
0.00832
0.0110
0.0139
0.0154
0.0243
0.0261
0.0294
0.0326
0.0374
0.0405
0.0693
0.0838
0.143
0.167
0.197
0.250
0.318
0.387
0.0137
0.0182
0.0230
0.0280
1.78
3.63
5.68
7.02
3.74
4.50
5.96
7.13
10.3
11.6
14.3
22.4
22.2
31.8
47.2
80.2
137
211
2.28
4.15
6.42
9.57
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
41
40
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r
N
t
D
d
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
C
Imperial units
b
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W10-10x5 3/4
(254x146)
W10-10x8
(254x203)
W10-10x10
(254x254)
W12-12x4
(305x102)
W12-12x5
(305x127)
W12-12x6 1/2
(305x165)
W12-12x8
(305x203)
W12-12x10
(305x254)
42
lb/ft
16
21
22
25
26
29
30
33
39
42
45
57
49
54
60
68
72
77
88
89
100
112
14
16
16.5
19
22
25
28
32
21
26
27
30
31
35
36
40
45
50
53
58
kg/m
24.0
31.1
32.7
37.0
38.7
43.0
44.6
49.1
58.0
62.5
67.0
84.8
73.1
80.4
88.9
101.2
107.1
114.6
131
132
148.8
167.1
20.8
23.8
24.8
28.2
32.8
37.0
41.9
48.1
31.0
38.7
40.3
44.6
46.1
52.1
54.0
59.5
67.0
74.4
78.9
86.3
Depth
Of
Section
Width
Of
Section
D
B
T
t
mm
253.0
251.4
258.3
256.0
262.4
259.6
265.9
247.1
252.0
249.4
256.5
258.1
254.1
256.3
260.3
264.2
266.7
269.2
275.3
276.3
281.9
289.1
302.5
304.5
305.1
308.7
312.7
304.4
307.2
311.0
306.0
310.4
303.4
313.4
306.6
317.5
310.4
303.3
306.3
309.6
306.3
309.6
mm
145.0
146.1
146.0
146.4
146.6
147.3
147.6
202.2
202.8
207.0
203.7
211.3
254.6
254.8
256.3
257.3
258.8
258.8
260.7
261.3
262.6
265.2
100.8
101.3
101.6
101.8
102.4
123.3
124.3
125.3
164.0
164.8
165.0
165.6
165.7
166.6
166.9
203.3
204.3
205.2
253.9
254.3
mm
6.4
8.6
9.1
10.9
11.1
12.7
12.9
11.0
13.4
12.2
15.7
16.5
14.2
15.6
17.3
19.6
20.5
22.1
25.2
25.3
28.5
31.7
5.7
6.7
7.0
8.8
10.8
10.7
12.1
14.0
7.4
9.7
10.2
11.1
11.8
13.2
13.7
13.0
14.6
16.2
14.6
16.2
mm
5.0
6.0
6.1
6.3
6.6
7.2
7.6
7.4
8.0
12.2
8.9
16.5
8.6
9.4
10.3
11.9
12.8
13.5
15.4
15.3
17.3
19.2
5.1
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.6
7.1
8.0
9.0
5.0
5.8
6.0
6.6
6.7
7.6
7.9
7.5
8.5
9.4
8.8
9.1
Thickness
Root
Radius
Depth
Between
Fillets
Area
Of
Section
r
d
A
mm
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
8.9
8.9
8.9
7.6
7.6
8.9
7.6
8.9
7.6
8.9
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
mm
224.2
219.0
224.8
219.0
225.0
219.0
224.9
199.7
199.8
199.6
199.7
199.7
200.3
199.7
200.3
199.7
200.3
199.6
199.6
200.3
199.6
200.3
275.8
275.8
275.9
275.9
275.9
265.2
265.2
265.2
275.2
275.9
265.2
276.0
265.2
275.9
265.2
246.9
246.7
246.8
246.7
246.8
cm2
31.1
39.7
41.8
47.2
48.9
54.8
56.9
62.5
73.8
79.3
85.4
108
93.1
102
113
129
136
146
167
168
190
213
26.8
30.4
31.6
35.9
41.8
47.2
53.4
61.2
39.4
49.3
51.3
56.5
58.7
66.7
68.8
75.6
85.2
94.5
100
110
Flange Web
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange
Web
b/T
d/t
11.33
8.49
7.99
6.72
6.60
5.80
5.72
9.19
7.57
8.49
6.49
6.40
8.96
8.17
7.41
6.58
6.31
5.86
5.18
5.16
4.62
4.18
8.83
7.53
7.26
5.78
4.74
5.76
5.14
4.48
11.08
8.54
8.09
7.46
7.02
6.31
6.09
7.82
7.00
6.33
8.70
7.85
44.8
36.5
36.8
34.8
34.1
30.4
29.5
27.1
25.0
16.4
22.5
12.1
23.3
21.2
19.4
16.7
15.6
14.8
13.0
13.1
11.6
10.4
54.3
49.3
47.6
46.0
41.8
37.4
33.2
29.5
55.0
47.2
44.2
41.8
39.6
36.2
33.6
33.0
29.0
26.3
28.2
27.0
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
8
6
10
6
7
7
8
8
9
10
10
11
12
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
7
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
mm
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
107
107
107
107
107
133
133
133
133
133
133
133
133
133
133
58
58
58
58
58
68
68
68
90
89
90
90
90
89
90
108
108
108
133
133
mm
14
16
17
19
19
20
21
24
26
25
28
29
27
28
30
32
33
35
38
38
41
44
13
14
15
16
18
20
21
23
15
17
19
19
21
21
23
28
30
31
30
31
Notch
41
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
x
Imperial units
y
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W10-10x5 3/4
(254x146)
W10-10x8
(254x203)
W10-10x10
(254x254)
W12-12x4
(305x102)
W12-12x5
(305x127)
W12-12x6 1/2
(305x165)
W12-12x8
(305x203)
W12-12x10
(305x254)
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
lb/ft kg/m
16 24.0
21 31.1
22 32.7
25 37.0
26 38.7
29 43.0
30 44.6
33 49.1
39 58.0
42 62.5
45 67.0
57 84.8
49 73.1
54 80.4
60 88.9
68
101
72
107
77
115
88
131
89
132
100 149
112 167
14 20.8
16 23.8
16.5 24.8
19 28.2
22 32.8
25 37.0
28 41.9
32 48.1
21 31.0
26 38.7
27 40.3
30 44.6
31 46.1
35 52.1
36 54.0
40 59.5
45 67.0
50 74.4
53 78.9
58 86.3
Surface
Area
per
Metre
m2
1.06
1.06
1.08
1.07
1.08
1.08
1.09
1.27
1.28
1.25
1.29
1.31
1.49
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.52
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.58
0.985
0.990
0.992
1.00
1.01
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.24
1.26
1.24
1.26
1.25
1.27
1.26
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.58
1.59
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
3477
4413
4917
5537
5974
6544
7048
7071
8672
8430
10300
11930
11410
12590
14270
16390
17510
18950
22210
22530
25900
30000
3682
4274
4455
5366
6501
7166
8196
9575
6554
8498
8503
9864
9899
11860
11700
12840
14570
16350
17700
19740
cm4
326
448
475
571
584
677
692
1517
1865
1807
2214
2606
3908
4304
4858
5558
5928
6391
7436
7531
8598
9870
97.9
117
123
155
194
335
389
461
544
720
764
841
896
1019
1063
1823
2078
2337
3986
4444
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm
10.6
10.5
10.8
10.8
11.1
10.9
11.1
10.6
10.8
10.3
11.0
10.5
11.1
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.9
11.7
11.9
11.9
12.2
12.5
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.9
13.1
12.9
13.2
13.0
13.3
13.0
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
cm3
275
351
381
433
455
504
530
572
688
676
803
925
898
983
1096
1241
1313
1408
1613
1631
1838
2075
243
281
292
348
416
471
534
616
428
548
560
629
646
747
754
847
952
1056
1156
1275
cm3
44.9
61.3
65.0
78.0
79.6
92.0
93.8
150
184
175
217
247
307
338
379
432
458
494
570
576
655
744
19.4
23.1
24.2
30.5
37.9
54.4
62.6
73.6
66.4
87.4
92.7
102
108
122
127
179
203
228
314
349
cm3
308
393
426
483
510
566
597
634
765
768
898
1067
992
1091
1224
1398
1484
1599
1850
1869
2127
2424
286
329
342
403
481
539
614
711
476
609
623
703
720
838
846
938
1060
1183
1276
1411
cm3
69.0
94.1
100
119
122
141
144
229
280
271
331
385
465
512
575
657
697
752
869
878
999
1137
31.1
37.0
38.8
48.5
60.0
85.3
98.4
116
102
134
142
156
166
188
196
274
311
349
477
531
cm
3.23
3.36
3.37
3.48
3.45
3.52
3.49
4.93
5.03
4.77
5.09
4.91
6.48
6.49
6.55
6.57
6.59
6.61
6.67
6.69
6.73
6.81
1.91
1.96
1.97
2.08
2.15
2.67
2.70
2.74
3.72
3.82
3.86
3.86
3.90
3.91
3.93
4.91
4.94
4.97
6.30
6.36
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
H
J
38.2
29.6
28.9
24.3
24.5
21.2
21.3
21.5
18.3
17.9
15.9
13.6
17.3
15.8
14.5
12.9
12.4
11.6
10.3
10.3
9.3
8.5
50.8
45.0
43.4
37.4
31.6
29.7
26.5
23.3
42.4
33.8
31.0
29.7
27.1
25.3
23.6
22.9
20.6
18.8
20.4
18.7
dm6
0.0494
0.0660
0.0737
0.0857
0.0921
0.103
0.111
0.211
0.265
0.254
0.321
0.380
0.562
0.623
0.717
0.832
0.898
0.976
1.16
1.19
1.38
1.63
0.0216
0.0260
0.0273
0.0349
0.0442
0.0723
0.0847
0.102
0.121
0.163
0.164
0.192
0.195
0.236
0.234
0.384
0.442
0.503
0.848
0.956
cm4
4.16
8.55
9.96
15.3
16.5
23.9
25.6
24.0
40.2
44.5
62.3
109
57.6
75.6
102
148
172
213
314
319
452
626
2.93
4.27
4.77
7.40
12.2
14.8
21.1
31.8
6.3
12.5
14.7
18.7
22.2
30.8
34.8
39.1
54.6
73.5
65.6
86.5
0.874
0.880
0.882
0.890
0.888
0.891
0.888
0.873
0.878
0.851
0.880
0.849
0.849
0.849
0.850
0.849
0.848
0.849
0.850
0.850
0.851
0.851
0.842
0.846
0.846
0.859
0.866
0.872
0.872
0.873
0.881
0.887
0.889
0.887
0.891
0.889
0.889
0.890
0.889
0.889
0.876
0.878
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
43
42
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r
N
t
d
D
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
C
Imperial units
b
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W12-12x12
(305x305)
W14-14x5
(356x127)
W14-14x6 3/4
(356x171)
W14-14x8
(356x203)
W14-14x10
(356x254)
W14-14x14 1/2
(356x368)
44
lb/ft
65
72
79
87
92
96
106
120
133
136
152
161
170
190
210
230
252
278
279
305
336
22
26
30
34
38
45
43
48
53
61
68
74
82
87
90
99
103
109
119
120
132
136
kg/m
96.9
107.1
117.9
129.5
136.9
142.8
158.1
178.6
198.1
202.4
226.2
240
253
282.9
312.5
342
375
413.7
415
454
500
33.1
39.1
45.0
51.0
57.0
67.1
64.0
71.4
78.9
90.8
101.2
110.1
122
129
133.9
147.3
152.9
162.2
177
178.6
196.4
201.9
Depth
Of
Section
Width
Of
Section
D
B
T
t
mm
307.9
311.1
314.5
318.3
320.5
322.8
327.1
333.2
339.9
340.6
348.2
352.5
356.4
365.3
373.6
382.3
391.4
402.6
402.6
414.5
427.2
349.0
353.4
351.4
355.0
358.0
363.4
347.0
350.3
353.6
352.8
356.6
359.9
363.5
355.6
356.1
359.7
362.0
363.7
368.2
367.8
372.4
374.6
mm
305.3
305.8
307.4
308.0
309.2
308.9
311.2
312.9
314.5
315.0
317.0
318.4
319.3
322.2
324.9
327.5
330.3
333.8
333.8
336.2
340.0
125.4
126.0
171.1
171.5
172.2
173.2
203.1
204.0
204.7
253.9
254.8
255.8
257.3
368.6
368.8
370.0
370.5
371.0
372.6
372.6
374.0
374.7
mm
15.4
17.0
18.7
20.6
21.7
22.9
25.0
28.1
31.4
31.8
35.6
37.7
39.6
44.1
48.3
52.6
57.2
62.7
62.7
68.7
75.1
8.5
10.7
9.7
11.5
13.0
15.7
13.4
15.1
16.7
16.3
18.3
19.9
21.7
17.5
18.0
19.8
20.7
21.8
23.8
23.9
26.2
27.0
mm
9.9
10.9
12.0
13.1
13.8
14.0
15.8
18.0
19.1
20.1
22.1
23.0
24.4
26.8
30.0
32.6
35.4
38.9
38.9
41.3
45.1
6.0
6.6
7.0
7.4
8.1
9.1
7.8
8.6
9.4
9.5
10.5
11.4
12.9
10.4
11.2
12.3
12.3
13.3
14.4
15.0
16.4
16.5
Thickness
Root
Radius
Depth
Between
Fillets
Area
Of
Section
r
d
A
mm
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
mm
246.7
246.7
246.7
246.8
246.7
246.7
246.7
246.7
246.7
246.7
246.7
246.7
246.8
246.7
246.7
246.7
246.6
246.7
246.8
246.7
246.6
311.6
311.6
311.6
311.6
311.6
311.6
289.8
289.7
289.8
289.8
289.6
289.6
289.7
290.2
289.6
289.7
290.2
289.6
290.2
289.6
289.7
290.2
cm2
123
136
150
165
174
182
201
228
252
258
289
306
323
360
399
437
478
529
528
578
638
42.1
49.8
57.3
64.9
72.6
85.5
81.2
91.2
100
115
129
141
155
164
171
188
195
207
226
228
250
257
Flange Web
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange
Web
b/T
d/t
9.91
8.98
8.22
7.49
7.12
6.76
6.22
5.57
5.01
4.96
4.46
4.22
4.03
3.65
3.37
3.11
2.89
2.66
2.66
2.45
2.26
7.38
5.89
8.82
7.46
6.62
5.52
7.58
6.75
6.13
7.79
6.97
6.41
5.92
10.5
10.2
9.34
8.95
8.49
7.83
7.80
7.15
6.94
24.9
22.6
20.6
18.9
17.9
17.7
15.6
13.7
12.9
12.3
11.2
10.7
10.1
9.21
8.23
7.57
6.97
6.35
6.34
5.97
5.47
51.9
47.2
44.5
42.1
38.5
34.2
37.4
33.5
30.8
30.4
27.5
25.3
22.5
27.9
25.9
23.5
23.6
21.7
20.2
19.3
17.7
17.6
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
7
7
8
9
9
9
10
11
12
12
13
14
14
15
17
18
20
21
21
23
25
5
5
6
6
6
7
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
7
8
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
mm
158
157
158
157
158
157
158
157
158
157
157
158
157
158
157
157
157
157
157
157
157
70
70
92
92
92
92
108
108
108
132
132
132
132
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
mm
31
32
34
36
37
38
40
43
47
47
51
53
55
59
63
68
72
78
78
84
90
19
21
20
22
23
26
29
30
32
32
33
35
37
33
33
35
36
37
39
39
41
42
Notch
43
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
x
Imperial units
y
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W12-12x12
(305x305)
W14-14x5
(356x127)
W14-14x6 3/4
(356x171)
W14-14x8
(356x203)
W14-14x10
(356x254)
W14-14x14 1/2
(356x368)
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
lb/ft
65
72
79
87
92
96
106
120
133
136
152
161
170
190
210
230
252
278
279
305
336
22
26
30
34
38
45
43
48
53
61
68
74
82
87
90
99
103
109
119
120
132
136
kg/m
96.9
107
118
130
137
143
158
179
198
202
226
240
253
283
313
342
375
414
415
454
500
33.1
39.1
45.0
51.0
57.0
67.1
64.0
71.4
78.9
90.8
101
110
122
129
134
147
153
162
177
179
196
202
Surface
Area
per
Metre
m2
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.86
1.87
1.87
1.89
1.91
1.92
1.94
1.96
1.98
2.01
2.04
2.04
2.07
2.10
1.17
1.18
1.36
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.68
1.69
1.69
1.70
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.19
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
22250
24830
27670
30810
32820
34670
38750
44560
50900
51790
59610
64200
68490
78870
89270
100600
113200
129600
129500
147600
169000
8250
10170
12070
14140
16040
19460
17760
20170
22480
26540
30060
33120
36680
40250
41580
46240
48590
51540
57120
57290
63720
66260
cm4
7308
8117
9060
10030
10700
11240
12570
14350
16300
16560
18910
20320
21540
24640
27660
30880
34470
39040
39010
43690
49420
280
358
811
968
1108
1362
1874
2140
2391
4451
5048
5569
6175
14610
15080
16730
17550
18600
20530
20600
22820
23690
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.7
13.8
13.9
14.0
14.2
14.2
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.8
15.0
15.2
15.4
15.7
15.7
16.0
16.3
14.0
14.3
14.5
14.8
14.9
15.1
14.8
14.9
15.0
15.2
15.3
15.3
15.4
15.6
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.8
15.9
15.9
16.0
16.1
cm3
1445
1596
1760
1936
2048
2148
2369
2675
2995
3041
3424
3643
3844
4318
4779
5261
5783
6437
6435
7122
7913
473
576
687
796
896
1071
1024
1151
1271
1505
1686
1840
2018
2264
2335
2571
2685
2834
3103
3115
3422
3538
cm3
479
531
589
651
692
728
808
917
1037
1052
1193
1276
1349
1529
1702
1886
2087
2339
2338
2599
2907
44.7
56.8
94.8
113
129
157
185
210
234
351
396
435
480
793
818
904
948
1003
1102
1106
1221
1264
cm3
1592
1767
1958
2164
2297
2413
2680
3053
3440
3501
3975
4247
4502
5105
5703
6332
7020
7890
7888
8807
9882
543
659
775
896
1010
1211
1138
1285
1424
1668
1878
2058
2270
2479
2565
2838
2965
3142
3455
3475
3838
3972
cm3
726
806
895
990
1053
1106
1230
1399
1581
1606
1823
1951
2064
2342
2613
2898
3211
3604
3602
4006
4487
70.3
89.1
147
174
199
243
283
322
359
534
604
665
734
1199
1238
1370
1435
1519
1671
1678
1853
1920
cm
7.69
7.72
7.77
7.80
7.83
7.86
7.90
7.94
8.04
8.02
8.09
8.15
8.17
8.27
8.33
8.41
8.49
8.59
8.59
8.69
8.80
2.58
2.68
3.76
3.86
3.91
3.99
4.80
4.84
4.88
6.21
6.26
6.29
6.31
9.43
9.40
9.43
9.49
9.49
9.54
9.51
9.55
9.60
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
H
J
19.3
17.6
16.2
14.9
14.2
13.6
12.5
11.2
10.2
10.1
9.2
8.7
8.4
7.7
7.1
6.6
6.2
5.7
5.7
5.4
5.0
42.2
35.2
36.8
32.1
28.8
24.4
25.9
23.3
21.3
21.5
19.4
18.0
16.6
19.9
19.2
17.7
17.0
16.2
15.0
14.9
13.7
13.4
dm6
1.56
1.75
1.98
2.22
2.39
2.53
2.87
3.34
3.88
3.95
4.62
5.03
5.40
6.35
7.32
8.39
9.62
11.3
11.3
13.1
15.3
0.0813
0.105
0.237
0.286
0.330
0.412
0.521
0.601
0.679
1.26
1.44
1.61
1.80
4.18
4.31
4.83
5.11
5.43
6.09
6.09
6.84
7.16
cm4
91.2
122
161
212
249
285
378
537
734
771
1074
1271
1480
2034
2693
3490
4495
5953
5946
7719
10110
8.79
15.1
15.8
23.8
33.4
55.7
43.2
60.4
80.1
90.3
126
161
211
153
169
223
251
296
381
390
511
558
0.850
0.850
0.850
0.851
0.851
0.853
0.851
0.851
0.853
0.852
0.853
0.854
0.854
0.855
0.855
0.856
0.856
0.857
0.857
0.860
0.861
0.863
0.871
0.874
0.881
0.882
0.886
0.891
0.891
0.892
0.886
0.886
0.886
0.884
0.844
0.842
0.842
0.844
0.843
0.844
0.842
0.843
0.844
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
45
44
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r
N
t
D
d
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
C
Imperial units
b
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W14-14x16
(356x406)
W16-16x5 1/2
(406x140)
W16-16x7
(406x178)
W16-16x10 1/4
(406x260)
W18-18x6
(457x152)
W18-18x7 1/2
(457x191)
46
lb/ft
118
145
158
159
176
193
211
219
228
233
257
264
283
311
314
342
370
398
426
455
500
550
605
665
730
26
31
36
40
45
50
57
67
77
89
100
35
40
45
46
50
55
41
45
50
55
60
65
66
71
kg/m
175.6
215.8
235.1
236.6
261.9
287.1
314
326
339.9
346.7
382.5
393
421.1
462.8
467
509
551
592.3
633.9
677.1
744.1
818.5
900.3
989.6
1086
39.0
46.0
54.1
60.1
67.1
74.2
84.8
99.7
114.6
132.4
148.8
52.3
59.8
67.2
68.5
74.2
82.1
61
67.1
74.3
82.0
89.3
96.7
98.3
105.7
Depth
Of
Section
Width
Of
Section
D
B
T
t
mm
360.0
375.4
381.0
380.5
386.6
393.6
399.3
403.1
406.4
407.4
416.1
419.0
425.2
434.8
436.6
445.5
455.6
464.6
474.6
483.1
497.8
514.1
531.4
549.7
569.5
398.0
403.2
402.6
406.4
409.4
412.8
417.3
414.8
419.6
425.4
431.0
449.8
454.6
458.0
458.7
462.0
465.8
450.0
453.4
457.0
460.0
463.4
466.1
467.2
469.1
mm
396.0
393.7
394.8
395.4
397.5
399.0
401.3
402.0
403.0
403.6
406.3
407.0
409.2
412.2
412.2
415.5
418.5
421.4
424.0
427.6
432.1
436.9
442.3
448.3
454.4
141.8
142.2
177.7
177.9
178.8
179.5
180.8
260.0
261.5
263.3
264.8
152.4
152.9
153.8
153.9
154.4
155.3
189.0
189.9
190.4
191.3
191.9
192.8
192.8
193.9
mm
20.0
27.7
30.2
30.2
33.3
36.5
39.6
41.2
42.9
43.7
48.0
49.2
52.6
57.4
58.0
62.7
67.5
72.3
77.0
81.5
88.9
97.0
105.6
114.8
124.7
8.6
11.2
10.9
12.8
14.3
16.0
18.2
16.9
19.3
22.2
25.0
10.9
13.3
15.0
15.3
17.0
18.9
10.8
12.7
14.5
16.0
17.7
19.1
19.6
20.6
mm
20.0
17.3
18.4
18.9
21.1
22.6
24.9
25.5
26.6
27.2
29.8
30.6
32.8
35.8
35.8
39.1
42.1
45.0
47.6
51.2
55.6
60.5
65.9
71.9
78.0
6.4
6.8
7.7
7.9
8.8
9.5
10.9
10.0
11.6
13.3
14.9
7.6
8.1
9.0
9.1
9.6
10.5
8.1
8.5
9.0
9.9
10.5
11.4
11.4
12.6
Thickness
Root
Radius
Depth
Between
Fillets
Area
Of
Section
r
d
A
mm
15.0
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
mm
290.0
289.6
290.2
289.6
289.7
290.2
289.7
290.3
290.2
289.6
289.7
290.2
289.6
289.6
290.2
289.6
290.2
289.7
290.2
289.6
289.6
289.6
289.8
289.7
289.7
360.4
360.4
360.4
360.4
360.4
360.4
360.6
360.6
360.6
360.6
360.6
407.6
407.6
407.6
407.7
407.6
407.6
408.4
407.6
407.6
407.6
407.6
407.6
407.6
407.6
cm2
224
275
299
302
334
366
400
415
433
442
488
501
537
590
595
649
702
755
808
863
948
1043
1147
1261
1385
49.7
58.6
69.0
76.5
85.5
94.5
108
127
146
169
190
66.6
76.2
85.6
87.1
94.5
105
76
85.5
94.6
104
114
123
125
134
Flange Web
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange
Web
b/T
d/t
9.90
7.11
6.54
6.54
5.97
5.47
5.06
4.88
4.70
4.62
4.23
4.14
3.89
3.59
3.55
3.31
3.10
2.92
2.75
2.62
2.43
2.25
2.09
1.95
1.82
8.24
6.35
8.15
6.95
6.25
5.61
4.98
7.70
6.77
5.92
5.29
6.99
5.75
5.13
5.03
4.54
4.11
8.75
7.48
6.57
5.98
5.42
5.06
4.92
4.71
14.5
16.8
15.8
15.3
13.7
12.8
11.6
11.4
10.9
10.7
9.71
9.48
8.84
8.09
8.11
7.40
6.89
6.44
6.10
5.66
5.21
4.79
4.40
4.03
3.72
56.3
53.0
46.8
45.6
41.0
37.9
33.0
36.0
31.2
27.0
24.3
53.6
50.3
45.3
44.6
42.5
38.8
50.4
48.0
45.3
41.2
38.8
35.7
35.8
32.4
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
12
11
11
11
13
13
14
15
15
16
17
17
18
20
20
22
23
24
26
28
30
32
35
38
41
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
9
9
6
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
8
mm
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
198
78
78
95
95
95
95
95
135
135
135
135
82
82
82
82
82
82
750
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
mm
35
43
45
45
48
52
55
56
58
59
63
64
68
73
73
78
83
87
92
97
104
112
121
130
140
19
21
21
23
25
26
28
27
30
32
35
21
24
25
26
27
29
21
23
25
26
28
29
30
31
Notch
45
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
x
Imperial units
y
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W14-14x16
(356x406)
W16-16x5 1/2
(406x140)
W16-16x7
(406x178)
W16-16x10 1/4
(406x260)
W18-18x6
(457x152)
W18-18x7 1/2
(457x191)
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
lb/ft
118
145
158
159
176
193
211
219
228
233
257
264
283
311
314
342
370
398
426
455
500
550
605
665
730
26
31
36
40
45
50
57
67
77
89
100
35
40
45
46
50
55
41
45
50
55
60
65
66
71
kg/m
176
216
235
237
262
287
314
326
340
347
383
393
421
463
467
509
551
592
634
677
744
819
900
990
1086
39.0
46.0
54.1
60.1
67.1
74.2
84.8
99.7
115
132
149
52.3
59.8
67.2
68.5
74.2
82.1
61.0
67.1
74.3
82.0
89.3
96.7
98.3
106
Surface
Area
per
Metre
m2
2.24
2.26
2.28
2.28
2.29
2.31
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.35
2.37
2.38
2.40
2.42
2.42
2.45
2.47
2.50
2.52
2.55
2.59
2.63
2.67
2.72
2.77
1.33
1.34
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.83
1.84
1.86
1.87
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.66
1.67
1.67
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
51770
71240
79090
79160
89040
99880
110500
116400
122500
125100
141500
146600
159800
180100
183000
203800
226900
249800
274800
299400
341900
392400
450600
518100
597000
12510
15690
18720
21600
24330
27310
31520
39730
46110
54060
61830
21370
25500
28930
29530
32670
36590
25380
29380
33320
37050
41020
44590
45730
48760
cm4
20730
28180
30990
31170
34860
38680
42720
44660
46850
47930
53750
55370
60150
67130
67830
75180
82670
90380
98130
106600
120000
135500
153100
173400
196300
410
538
1021
1203
1365
1546
1794
4951
5758
6768
7754
645
795
913
933
1047
1185
1218
1452
1671
1871
2089
2281
2347
2507
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
cm
15.2
16.1
16.3
16.2
16.3
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.8
17.0
17.1
17.2
17.5
17.5
17.7
18.0
18.2
18.4
18.6
19.0
19.4
19.8
20.3
20.8
15.9
16.4
16.5
16.8
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.7
17.8
17.9
18.0
17.9
18.3
18.4
18.4
18.6
18.7
18.2
18.5
18.8
18.8
19.0
19.0
19.1
19.0
cm
9.61
10.1
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.3
10.3
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.5
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.3
11.4
11.6
11.7
11.9
2.87
3.03
3.85
3.97
3.99
4.04
4.07
6.25
6.28
6.33
6.39
3.11
3.23
3.27
3.27
3.33
3.37
3.99
4.12
4.20
4.23
4.29
4.30
4.33
4.32
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm3
2876
3796
4151
4161
4606
5075
5537
5777
6031
6141
6803
6998
7516
8283
8383
9151
9962
10750
11580
12400
13740
15260
16960
18850
20970
629
778
930
1063
1189
1323
1511
1915
2198
2541
2869
950
1122
1263
1288
1414
1571
1128
1296
1458
1611
1770
1913
1957
2079
cm3
1047
1432
1570
1577
1754
1939
2129
2222
2325
2375
2646
2721
2940
3257
3291
3619
3951
4289
4629
4987
5555
6202
6922
7736
8640
57.8
75.7
115
135
153
172
198
381
440
514
586
84.7
104
119
121
136
153
129
153
176
196
218
237
243
259
cm3
3235
4264
4687
4702
5244
5812
6387
6681
6999
7140
7975
8222
8887
9877
10000
11010
12080
13130
14240
15340
17160
19260
21610
24250
27230
724
888
1055
1199
1346
1501
1724
2128
2457
2859
3246
1096
1287
1453
1482
1627
1811
1286
1471
1653
1831
2014
2184
2232
2383
cm3
1603
2172
2383
2394
2667
2949
3243
3384
3544
3621
4038
4154
4492
4983
5034
5543
6058
6583
7108
7669
8553
9560
10680
11960
13370
90.8
118
178
209
237
267
309
581
673
788
899
133
163
187
191
213
240
201
237
272
304
338
369
379
404
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
H
J
16.1
13.0
12.1
12.0
11.0
10.2
9.5
9.2
8.8
8.7
8.0
7.9
7.4
6.9
6.9
6.4
6.1
5.7
5.5
5.2
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.0
3.8
47.5
38.9
38.3
33.8
30.5
27.6
24.5
25.4
22.4
19.7
17.7
43.9
37.5
33.6
33.0
30.1
27.4
42.6
37.9
33.9
30.9
28.3
26.3
25.7
24.4
dm6
5.99
8.52
9.54
9.56
10.9
12.3
13.8
14.6
15.5
15.9
18.2
18.9
20.9
23.9
24.3
27.5
31.1
34.8
38.8
43.0
50.2
58.9
69.4
82.0
97.1
0.155
0.207
0.392
0.466
0.533
0.608
0.714
1.96
2.31
2.75
3.20
0.311
0.387
0.448
0.458
0.518
0.591
0.6
0.705
0.818
0.922
1.04
1.14
1.18
1.26
cm4
322
632
812
822
1101
1441
1854
2073
2343
2478
3292
3545
4336
5655
5809
7401
9240
11350
13720
16460
21390
27870
36130
46760
60230
10.7
19.0
23.1
33.3
46.1
62.8
92.2
99.4
149
227
322
21.4
33.8
47.7
50.4
65.9
89.2
26
37.1
51.8
69.2
90.7
114
121
145
0.810
0.832
0.834
0.833
0.833
0.835
0.834
0.836
0.836
0.836
0.837
0.837
0.837
0.838
0.839
0.840
0.841
0.842
0.843
0.843
0.844
0.846
0.848
0.849
0.851
0.858
0.871
0.871
0.880
0.880
0.882
0.881
0.888
0.887
0.887
0.887
0.859
0.868
0.869
0.869
0.873
0.873
0.865
0.872
0.877
0.877
0.880
0.879
0.881
0.877
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
47
46
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r
N
t
d
D
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
C
Imperial units
b
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W18-18x11
(457x279)
W21-21x6 1/2
(533x165)
W21-21x8 1/4
(533x210)
W21-21x12 1/4
(533x312)
W24-24x7
(610x178)
W24-24x9
(610x229)
W24-24x12
(610x305)
48
lb/ft
76
86
97
106
119
130
143
158
175
44
50
57
48
55
62
68
73
82
83
93
101
111
122
132
147
166
182
201
223
248
275
55
61
62
68
76
84
94
103
114
128
146
163
181
198
218
239
100
120
160
kg/m
113.1
128
144.4
157.7
177.1
193.5
212.8
235
260
65.5
74.4
84.8
71.4
82.2
92.1
101
109
122
123.5
138.4
150.3
165.2
181.6
196.4
218.8
247
270.8
300
331
370
409
81.9
91.0
92.3
101.2
113
125.1
139.9
153
171
191
217
243
270
295
325
356
149.1
179
238.1
Depth
Of
Section
Width
Of
Section
D
B
T
t
mm
462.5
467.1
472.2
475.7
481.8
489.0
495.0
501.0
509.0
524.8
529.1
534.9
523.2
528.3
533.1
536.7
539.5
544.5
544.3
549.1
542.5
546.4
550.7
554.5
560.3
571.0
577.1
585.0
593.0
603.0
613.0
598.7
602.5
603.0
602.6
607.6
612.2
617.2
623.1
628.9
635.0
643.1
651.0
658.6
667.0
675.1
685.0
612.4
620.2
635.8
mm
280.3
281.7
283.1
284.5
286.1
283.5
285.0
287.0
289.0
165.1
165.9
166.5
206.8
208.8
209.3
210.0
210.8
211.9
212.2
213.9
312.2
313.4
314.7
316.0
317.8
315.5
317.8
319.0
322.0
324.0
327.0
177.9
178.4
178.8
227.6
228.2
229.0
230.2
228.6
229.9
231.5
234.1
235.9
238.5
240.5
243.1
245.6
304.8
307.1
311.4
mm
17.3
19.6
22.1
23.9
26.9
30.5
33.5
36.6
40.4
11.4
13.5
16.5
10.9
13.2
15.6
17.4
18.8
21.3
21.2
23.6
20.3
22.2
24.4
26.3
29.2
34.5
37.6
41.4
45.5
50.5
55.6
12.8
15.0
15.0
14.8
17.3
19.3
22.1
24.9
27.9
30.9
35.1
39.1
42.9
47.0
51.0
55.9
19.7
23.6
31.4
mm
10.8
12.1
13.6
15.0
16.6
17.0
18.5
20.6
22.6
8.9
9.7
10.3
8.9
9.6
10.1
10.8
11.6
12.7
13.1
14.7
12.7
14.0
15.2
16.5
18.3
19.1
21.1
23.1
25.4
26.2
31.0
10.0
10.6
10.9
10.5
11.1
11.9
13.1
14.0
15.5
17.0
19.6
21.6
23.9
25.9
28.4
31.0
11.8
14.1
18.4
Thickness
Root
Radius
Depth
Between
Fillets
Area
Of
Section
r
d
A
mm
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
16.5
16.5
16.5
mm
407.6
407.6
407.6
407.5
407.6
407.6
407.5
407.8
408.2
476.6
476.7
476.5
476.5
476.5
476.5
476.5
476.5
476.5
476.5
476.5
476.5
476.6
476.5
476.5
476.5
476.5
476.5
476.8
476.6
476.6
476.4
547.6
547.1
547.6
547.6
547.6
548.2
547.6
547.9
547.7
547.8
547.5
547.4
547.4
547.6
547.7
547.8
540.0
540.0
540.0
cm2
144
163
184
201
226
247
271
299
331
84
95
108
91
105
117
129
139
155
157
176
192
211
231
250
279
315
346
382
422
460
521
105
116
118
129
144
158
178
195
218
242
278
310
343
376
412
454
190
228
303
Flange Web
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange
Web
b/T
d/t
8.12
7.20
6.40
5.96
5.31
4.65
4.25
3.92
3.58
7.24
6.14
5.04
11.62
7.91
6.71
6.03
5.61
4.97
5.00
4.53
7.68
7.05
6.45
6.01
5.44
4.57
4.23
3.85
3.54
3.21
2.94
6.93
5.95
5.96
7.69
6.60
5.93
5.21
4.59
4.12
3.75
3.33
3.02
2.78
2.56
2.38
2.20
7.74
6.51
4.96
37.7
33.7
30.0
27.2
24.5
24.0
22.0
19.8
18.1
53.6
49.4
46.3
43.7
49.6
47.2
44.1
41.1
37.5
36.4
32.3
37.5
34.1
31.3
28.9
26.1
25.0
22.6
20.6
18.8
18.2
15.4
54.6
51.6
50.1
52.2
49.3
46.1
41.8
39.1
35.3
32.2
27.9
25.3
22.9
21.1
19.3
17.7
45.8
38.3
29.3
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
7
8
9
9
10
11
11
12
13
6
7
7
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
9
8
9
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
18
7
7
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
8
9
11
mm
145
145
145
145
145
143
143
143
143
88
88
88
109
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
160
160
160
160
160
158
158
158
158
159
158
94
94
94
119
119
119
119
117
117
117
117
117
117
117
117
117
157
157
157
mm
27
30
32
34
37
41
44
47
50
24
26
29
23
26
28
30
32
34
34
36
33
35
37
39
42
47
50
54
58
63
68
26
28
28
28
30
32
35
38
41
44
48
52
56
60
64
69
36
40
48
Notch
47
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
x
Imperial units
y
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W18-18x11
(457x279)
W21-21x6 1/2
(533x165)
W21-21x8 1/4
(533x210)
W21-21x12 1/4
(533x312)
W24-24x7
(610x178)
W24-24x9
(610x229)
W24-24x12
(610x305)
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
lb/ft
76
86
97
106
119
130
143
158
175
44
50
57
48
55
62
68
73
82
83
93
101
111
122
132
147
166
182
201
223
248
275
55
61
62
68
76
84
94
103
114
128
146
163
181
198
218
239
100
120
160
kg/m
113
128
144
158
177
194
213
235
260
65.5
74.4
84.8
71
82.2
92.1
101
109
122
124
138
150
165
182
196
219
247
271
300
331
370
409
81.9
91.0
92.3
101
113
125
140
153
171
191
217
243
270
295
325
356
149
179
238
Surface
Area
per
Metre
m2
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.06
2.06
2.08
2.09
2.11
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.85
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.89
1.90
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.36
2.38
2.40
2.43
2.45
1.87
1.88
1.88
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.14
2.16
2.18
2.20
2.22
2.24
2.27
2.39
2.41
2.45
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
55460
63520
72710
79600
91040
102500
114400
127300
143700
35030
40810
48640
39917
47540
55230
61520
66820
76040
76240
86170
100800
111300
123300
134200
151200
178000
197200
220700
247700
278900
316900
56020
63880
64580
75780
87320
97540
111800
125000
141400
158400
183900
207900
232800
259400
287700
322200
125900
153000
209500
cm4
6344
7295
8367
9178
10530
11590
12960
14450
16300
859
1032
1276
1611
2008
2389
2692
2943
3388
3389
3868
10320
11410
12680
13850
15650
18110
20150
22450
25390
28710
32530
1210
1426
1436
2915
3434
3872
4505
4972
5670
6415
7544
8606
9768
10980
12330
13950
9308
11410
15840
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
cm
19.6
19.7
19.9
19.9
20.1
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.8
20.5
20.8
21.2
20.9
21.3
21.7
21.9
21.9
22.1
22.0
22.1
22.9
23.0
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.8
23.9
24.1
24.2
24.6
24.7
23.2
23.5
23.4
24.2
24.6
24.8
25.0
25.3
25.4
25.6
25.7
25.9
26.1
26.3
26.4
26.6
25.7
25.9
26.3
cm
6.64
6.69
6.74
6.76
6.82
6.86
6.91
6.95
7.01
3.20
3.30
3.44
4.2
4.38
4.51
4.57
4.60
4.67
4.65
4.68
7.33
7.36
7.40
7.44
7.49
7.58
7.63
7.67
7.76
7.90
7.91
3.40
3.51
3.49
4.76
4.88
4.95
5.03
5.04
5.09
5.15
5.21
5.27
5.34
5.41
5.47
5.55
7.00
7.07
7.23
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm3
2398
2720
3079
3347
3779
4192
4624
5083
5646
1335
1543
1819
1524
1800
2072
2292
2477
2793
2801
3139
3715
4074
4476
4842
5396
6233
6834
7547
8355
9250
10340
1871
2120
2142
2515
2874
3187
3622
4012
4495
4990
5718
6386
7069
7778
8522
9406
4111
4935
6589
cm3
453
518
591
645
736
818
910
1007
1128
104
124
153
156
192
228
256
279
320
319
362
661
728
806
876
985
1148
1268
1408
1577
1772
1990
136
160
161
256
301
338
391
435
493
554
644
730
819
913
1014
1136
611
743
1017
cm3
2669
3039
3457
3775
4284
4761
5278
5839
6525
1561
1797
2107
1753
2059
2360
2612
2828
3196
3212
3617
4147
4565
5032
5462
6116
7080
7807
8670
9656
10730
12120
2200
2480
2512
2881
3281
3639
4142
4595
5167
5757
6643
7455
8299
9173
10110
11220
4594
5547
7486
cm3
692
792
906
991
1132
1257
1400
1554
1743
166
199
243
244
300
356
399
436
500
500
569
1012
1117
1238
1348
1519
1766
1956
2175
2442
2739
3096
219
256
258
400
469
528
611
680
773
871
1019
1157
1304
1458
1625
1826
937
1144
1574
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
H
J
27.9
24.8
22.1
20.5
18.4
16.6
15.2
14.0
12.8
47.0
41.4
35.5
47.9
41.6
36.5
33.2
30.9
27.6
27.6
24.9
27.8
25.6
23.4
21.8
19.8
17.2
15.9
14.6
13.4
12.3
11.2
48.3
43.2
42.8
43.1
38.0
34.5
30.6
27.6
24.8
22.6
20.0
18.2
16.7
15.4
14.3
13.2
32.7
27.7
21.3
dm6
3.14
3.65
4.24
4.68
5.44
6.09
6.90
7.8
8.9
0.566
0.686
0.857
1.1
1.33
1.60
1.82
1.99
2.32
2.32
2.67
7.03
7.84
8.78
9.66
11.0
13.0
14.7
16.6
19.0
21.9
25.3
1.04
1.23
1.24
2.52
2.99
3.40
3.99
4.45
5.12
5.85
6.97
8.06
9.26
10.6
12.0
13.8
8.17
10.2
14.5
cm4
118
170
244
311
442
603
800
1059
1423
31.9
47.1
73.8
33.4
51.5
75.7
101
126
178
181
251
217
284
373
469
643
983
1278
1700
2263
2996
4131
49.2
68.6
71.0
77.0
111
149
216
295
411
554
819
1123
1495
1952
2517
3309
200
340
785
0.885
0.886
0.886
0.884
0.885
0.891
0.891
0.890
0.891
0.847
0.853
0.862
0.858
0.864
0.872
0.874
0.875
0.877
0.874
0.873
0.885
0.885
0.885
0.884
0.884
0.891
0.890
0.890
0.890
0.894
0.890
0.843
0.850
0.848
0.864
0.870
0.872
0.875
0.878
0.878
0.879
0.877
0.878
0.877
0.878
0.877
0.877
0.886
0.886
0.886
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
49
48
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r
N
t
d
D
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
C
Imperial units
b
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W24-24x12 3/4
(610x324)
W27-27x10
(686x254)
W27-27x14
(686x356)
W30-30x10 1/2
(762x267)
50
lb/ft
104
117
131
146
162
176
192
207
229
250
279
306
335
370
84
94
102
114
129
143
159
182
201
221
247
271
302
146
161
178
194
217
235
258
281
307
336
90
99
108
116
124
132
148
165
185
207
226
246
269
295
kg/m
154.8
174.1
194.9
217.3
241.1
261.9
285.7
308
341
372
415
455
498
551
125.2
140.1
152.4
170.2
192
213
237
271
299
329
368
404
449
217.3
239.6
264.9
288.7
322.9
349.7
383.9
418.2
456.9
500
133.9
146.9
160.7
173
184.5
196.8
220
246
275
308
337
366
401
439
Depth
Of
Section
Width
Of
Section
D
B
T
t
mm
611.1
616.2
621.8
628.4
635.0
641.1
646.9
653.0
661.0
669.0
679.0
689.0
699.0
711.0
677.9
683.5
687.5
692.9
701.8
707.9
714.0
723.9
732.0
739.9
749.8
760.0
771.9
695.5
700.8
706.4
714.0
722.1
728.0
736.1
744.0
752.1
762.0
750.0
754.0
757.7
762.2
766.3
769.8
779.0
785.1
793.0
801.1
809.0
817.1
825.0
835.2
mm
323.8
325.1
326.5
327.7
329.1
327.4
328.9
330.5
333.0
335.0
338.0
340.0
343.0
347.0
253.0
253.7
254.5
255.8
254.3
255.8
257.8
260.2
262.8
264.8
267.7
270.3
273.8
354.7
356.1
357.8
356.4
358.5
360.4
362.5
364.5
366.9
369.0
264.4
265.2
266.1
266.7
267.1
268.0
266.2
268.1
270.1
272.7
274.6
276.6
279.1
281.7
mm
19.1
21.6
24.4
27.7
31.0
34.0
37.1
39.9
43.9
48.0
53.1
57.9
63.0
69.1
16.2
19.0
21.0
23.7
27.9
31.0
34.0
39.1
42.9
47.0
52.1
56.9
63.0
24.8
27.4
30.2
34.0
38.1
40.9
45.0
49.0
53.1
57.9
15.5
17.5
19.3
21.6
23.6
25.4
30.0
33.0
37.1
40.9
44.9
48.0
53.1
57.9
mm
12.7
14.0
15.4
16.5
17.9
19.1
20.6
22.1
24.4
26.4
29.5
32.0
35.1
38.6
11.7
12.4
13.2
14.5
15.5
17.0
19.1
21.6
23.9
25.9
28.9
31.5
35.1
15.4
16.8
18.4
19.1
21.1
23.1
24.9
26.9
29.5
32.0
12.0
12.8
13.8
14.3
14.9
15.6
16.5
18.5
20.6
23.1
24.9
26.9
29.5
32.0
Thickness
Root
Radius
Depth
Between
Fillets
Area
Of
Section
r
d
A
mm
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
13.0
13.0
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
mm
547.6
547.6
547.6
547.6
547.6
547.6
547.3
547.8
540.2
540.0
539.8
540.2
547.0
546.8
615.1
615.1
615.1
615.1
615.6
615.5
615.6
615.3
615.8
615.5
615.2
615.8
615.5
615.6
615.5
615.5
615.5
615.5
615.8
615.8
615.6
615.5
615.8
686.0
686.0
686.1
686.0
686.1
686.0
686.0
686.1
685.8
686.3
686.2
688.1
685.8
686.4
cm2
198
222
249
277
308
333
363
392
435
475
530
579
635
702
159
178
194
217
244
270
301
345
382
418
468
513
574
277
306
337
368
411
446
489
533
582
636
171
187
205
220
235
251
281
312
351
392
428
462
511
559
Flange Web
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange
Web
b/T
d/t
8.50
7.53
6.70
5.92
5.31
4.81
4.44
4.14
3.79
3.49
3.18
2.94
2.72
2.51
7.81
6.68
6.06
5.40
4.56
4.13
3.79
3.33
3.06
2.82
2.57
2.38
2.17
7.16
6.49
5.92
5.24
4.70
4.41
4.03
3.72
3.46
3.19
8.53
7.58
6.89
6.17
5.65
5.28
4.44
4.06
3.64
3.33
3.06
2.88
2.63
2.43
43.1
39.2
35.6
33.2
30.6
28.7
26.6
24.8
22.1
20.5
18.3
16.9
15.6
14.2
52.6
49.6
46.6
42.4
39.7
36.2
32.2
28.5
25.8
23.8
21.3
19.5
17.5
40.1
36.7
33.4
32.3
29.2
26.6
24.7
22.9
20.9
19.2
57.2
53.6
49.6
48.0
46.2
44.0
41.6
37.1
33.3
29.7
27.6
25.6
23.2
21.5
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
8
9
10
10
11
12
12
13
14
15
17
18
20
21
8
8
9
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
10
10
11
12
13
14
14
15
17
18
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
11
12
14
14
15
17
18
mm
166
166
166
166
166
164
164
164
164
164
164
164
164
164
131
131
131
131
129
129
129
129
129
129
129
129
129
180
180
180
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
136
136
136
136
136
136
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
mm
32
34
37
40
44
47
50
53
60
65
70
74
76
82
31
34
36
39
43
46
49
54
58
62
67
72
78
40
43
45
49
53
56
60
64
68
73
32
34
36
38
40
42
47
50
54
57
61
65
70
74
Notch
49
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
x
Imperial units
y
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W24-24x12 3/4
(610x324)
W27-27x10
(686x254)
W27-27x14
(686x356)
W30-30x10 1/2
(762x267)
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
lb/ft
104
117
131
146
162
176
192
207
229
250
279
306
335
370
84
94
102
114
129
143
159
182
201
221
247
271
302
146
161
178
194
217
235
258
281
307
336
90
99
108
116
124
132
148
165
185
207
226
246
269
295
kg/m
155
174
195
217
241
262
286
308
341
372
415
455
498
551
125
140
152
170
192
213
237
271
299
329
368
404
449
217
240
265
289
323
350
384
418
457
500
134
147
161
173
185
197
220
246
275
308
337
366
401
439
Surface
Area
per
Metre
m2
2.47
2.48
2.50
2.51
2.53
2.53
2.55
2.56
2.58
2.60
2.62
2.65
2.68
2.71
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.38
2.39
2.42
2.44
2.46
2.49
2.51
2.54
2.75
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.81
2.83
2.85
2.87
2.89
2.91
2.51
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.58
2.60
2.62
2.64
2.66
2.68
2.70
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
129200
147200
167300
190800
215400
236600
260400
283900
319000
353900
400500
445200
494700
557510
118000
136300
150400
170300
198000
222000
247800
289300
323800
359400
406900
453800
515400
234200
261200
290800
325500
369200
402300
447800
494700
545000
604800
150700
168500
185900
205300
223100
240000
278200
310700
353200
397200
440500
480200
536500
595900
cm4
10790
12380
14160
16260
18440
19950
22030
24050
27090
30170
34310
38100
42580
48400
4383
5184
5784
6631
7670
8678
9750
11540
13060
14640
16800
18910
21790
18440
20670
23120
25720
29310
31970
35780
39680
43850
48670
4788
5456
6080
6850
7525
8175
9463
10640
12240
13900
15600
17050
19400
21780
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
cm
25.6
25.8
25.9
26.2
26.4
26.6
26.8
26.9
27.1
27.3
27.5
27.7
27.9
28.2
27.2
27.6
27.8
28.0
28.5
28.7
28.7
29.0
29.1
29.3
29.5
29.7
30.0
29.1
29.2
29.4
29.8
30.0
30.0
30.3
30.5
30.6
30.8
29.7
30.0
30.1
30.5
30.8
30.9
31.5
31.5
31.7
31.8
32.1
32.2
32.4
32.7
cm
7.39
7.47
7.55
7.66
7.74
7.73
7.79
7.84
7.90
7.97
8.04
8.11
8.19
8.30
5.24
5.39
5.46
5.53
5.61
5.67
5.69
5.78
5.85
5.92
5.99
6.07
6.16
8.16
8.22
8.28
8.36
8.44
8.47
8.56
8.63
8.68
8.75
5.30
5.40
5.45
5.58
5.65
5.71
5.81
5.84
5.91
5.96
6.04
6.08
6.16
6.24
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm3
4227
4776
5383
6074
6784
7380
8050
8695
9652
10580
11800
12920
14150
15682
3481
3987
4374
4916
5644
6272
6940
7993
8847
9715
10850
11940
13350
6735
7455
8233
9118
10230
11050
12170
13300
14990
15870
4018
4470
4907
5387
5821
6234
7142
7914
8909
9916
10890
11750
13010
14270
cm3
666
762
867
993
1121
1218
1340
1455
1627
1801
2030
2241
2483
2790
347
409
455
518
603
678
756
887
994
1106
1255
1399
1592
1040
1161
1292
1444
1635
1774
1974
2177
2390
2638
362
411
457
514
563
610
711
794
906
1020
1136
1233
1390
1546
cm3
4734
5360
6057
6845
7670
8369
9163
9936
11090
12220
13720
15120
16670
18599
3994
4558
5000
5631
6462
7204
8016
9282
10330
11390
12810
14170
15950
7558
8389
9297
10300
11610
12600
13930
15290
16750
18450
4644
5156
5665
6198
6689
7167
8197
9129
10320
11550
12720
13790
15330
16900
cm3
1023
1170
1335
1527
1726
1878
2068
2250
2523
2797
3162
3498
3885
4377
542
638
710
811
943
1063
1191
1402
1577
1759
2005
2243
2565
1598
1787
1992
2223
2523
2745
3057
3377
3717
4111
570
647
720
807
885
959
1115
1251
1433
1620
1808
1971
2229
2486
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
H
J
33.6
30.0
26.8
23.9
21.6
19.9
18.4
17.2
15.7
14.5
13.2
12.2
11.3
10.4
43.9
38.7
35.5
31.8
27.7
25.2
23.0
20.3
18.6
17.2
15.6
14.4
13.2
29.7
27.0
24.6
22.3
20.1
18.8
17.2
15.9
14.8
13.7
49.8
45.2
41.5
38.1
35.4
33.2
28.9
26.4
23.7
21.6
19.9
18.7
17.0
15.8
dm6
9.46
10.9
12.6
14.7
16.8
18.4
20.5
22.6
25.8
29.1
33.6
37.9
42.9
49.6
4.80
5.72
6.42
7.42
8.71
9.94
11.3
13.5
15.5
17.6
20.4
23.4
27.4
20.7
23.4
26.4
29.7
34.3
37.7
42.7
47.9
53.6
60.3
6.46
7.40
8.29
9.39
10.4
11.3
13.3
15.0
17.5
20.1
22.8
25.2
28.9
32.9
cm4
196
280
395
559
770
995
1280
1593
2162
2809
3824
4940
6420
8525
116
169
220
308
462
627
840
1260
1675
2186
2993
3897
5322
454
610
813
1100
1532
1914
2518
3250
4152
5373
119
159
208
267
333
404
605
815
1147
1555
2029
2500
3361
4345
0.880
0.882
0.883
0.886
0.888
0.890
0.890
0.890
0.890
0.890
0.889
0.889
0.889
0.889
0.862
0.868
0.871
0.872
0.878
0.878
0.877
0.878
0.877
0.877
0.877
0.877
0.876
0.884
0.885
0.885
0.889
0.890
0.888
0.889
0.890
0.889
0.889
0.854
0.858
0.859
0.864
0.867
0.869
0.875
0.874
0.874
0.873
0.874
0.873
0.874
0.874
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
51
50
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r
N
t
d
D
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
C
Imperial units
b
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W30-30x15
(762x381)
W33-33x11 1/2
(838x292)
W33-33x15 3/4
(838x400)
W36-36x12
(914x305)
52
lb/ft
173
191
211
235
261
292
326
357
118
130
141
152
169
187
204
219
243
271
301
332
361
201
221
241
263
291
318
354
387
424
468
135
150
160
170
182
194
210
232
256
286
318
350
387
kg/m
257.5
284.2
314
349.7
388.4
434.5
485.1
531
175.9
193.8
209.8
226.5
252
278
304
326
362
404
449
494
537
299.1
328.9
358.6
391.4
433.1
473.2
526.8
575.9
631
697
200.9
224.2
238.1
253.4
270.8
289.1
312.5
345
381
426
474
521
576
Depth
Of
Section
Width
Of
Section
D
B
T
t
mm
773.2
779.3
785.9
795.0
802.9
813.1
823.0
833.0
834.9
840.7
845.8
850.9
859.0
865.1
871.2
877.1
885.2
895.1
905.0
915.2
925.1
855.5
861.8
868.2
877.1
884.9
893.1
903.0
913.1
923.0
935.0
903.0
910.4
914.7
918.4
922.8
926.6
931.9
942.9
950.7
960.9
970.8
980.7
992.9
mm
380.6
382.0
383.7
382.4
384.9
387.5
390.4
393.0
291.7
292.4
293.0
293.8
292.1
294.1
295.7
297.2
299.7
302.1
305.2
308.1
310.6
399.9
401.4
402.8
401.4
404.0
406.0
408.9
411.5
414.0
418.0
303.3
304.1
304.8
305.5
306.7
307.7
309.4
307.8
310.3
312.8
315.7
318.8
321.8
mm
27.1
30.1
33.4
38.1
41.9
47.0
52.1
56.9
18.8
21.7
24.4
26.8
31.0
34.0
37.1
39.9
43.9
49.0
54.1
58.9
64.0
29.2
32.4
35.6
39.9
43.9
48.0
53.1
57.9
63.0
69.1
20.2
23.9
25.9
27.9
30.0
32.0
34.5
39.9
43.9
48.0
54.1
58.9
65.0
mm
16.6
18.0
19.7
21.1
23.6
25.9
29.0
31.5
14.0
14.7
15.4
16.1
17.0
19.1
20.6
22.1
24.4
26.9
30.0
33.0
35.6
18.2
19.7
21.1
22.1
24.4
26.4
29.5
32.0
35.1
38.6
15.1
15.9
16.5
17.3
18.4
19.5
21.1
22.1
24.4
26.9
29.9
33.0
36.1
Thickness
Root
Radius
Depth
Between
Fillets
Area
Of
Section
r
d
A
mm
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
20.0
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
20.0
20.0
19.1
19.1
19.0
19.1
19.0
19.1
19.0
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
mm
686.1
686.1
686.1
685.8
686.1
686.1
685.9
679.2
761.7
761.7
761.4
761.7
761.4
761.5
761.4
761.7
761.8
761.5
761.2
761.8
761.5
761.5
761.4
761.5
761.7
761.4
761.5
761.2
761.7
757.0
756.8
824.4
824.4
824.9
824.4
824.9
824.4
824.8
824.9
824.7
826.7
824.4
824.7
824.7
cm2
328
362
400
445
495
553
617
677
224
247
268
289
319
355
386
416
460
513
572
629
684
381
420
457
499
552
603
672
734
805
889
256
286
304
323
346
368
399
440
486
536
603
663
733
Flange Web
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange
Web
b/T
d/t
7.04
6.35
5.74
5.02
4.59
4.12
3.75
3.45
7.76
6.74
6.01
5.48
4.71
4.33
3.99
3.72
3.41
3.08
2.82
2.62
2.43
6.85
6.20
5.66
5.03
4.60
4.23
3.85
3.55
3.29
3.02
7.51
6.36
5.88
5.47
5.12
4.81
4.48
3.86
3.53
3.26
2.92
2.71
2.48
41.2
38.1
34.9
32.5
29.0
26.5
23.7
21.6
54.4
51.8
49.5
47.3
44.8
39.9
37.0
34.5
31.2
28.3
25.4
23.1
21.4
41.9
38.7
36.1
34.5
31.2
28.8
25.8
23.8
21.6
19.6
54.6
51.8
50.0
47.7
44.8
42.3
39.1
37.3
33.8
30.7
27.6
25.0
22.8
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
9
9
10
10
11
12
12
13
14
15
17
19
20
11
12
13
13
14
15
17
18
20
21
10
10
10
11
11
12
13
13
14
15
17
19
20
mm
192
192
192
191
191
191
191
191
149
149
149
149
148
148
148
148
148
148
148
148
148
201
201
201
200
200
200
200
200
199
200
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
153
153
153
153
153
153
mm
44
47
50
55
58
63
69
77
37
40
42
45
49
52
55
58
62
67
72
77
82
47
50
53
58
62
66
71
76
83
89
39
43
45
47
49
51
54
59
63
67
73
78
84
Notch
51
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
x
Imperial units
y
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W30-30x15
(762x381)
W33-33x11 1/2
(838x292)
W33-33x15 3/4
(838x400)
W36-36x12
(914x305)
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
lb/ft
173
191
211
235
261
292
326
357
118
130
141
152
169
187
204
219
243
271
301
332
361
201
221
241
263
291
318
354
387
424
468
135
150
160
170
182
194
210
232
256
286
318
350
387
kg/m
258
284
314
350
388
435
485
531
176
194
210
227
252
278
304
326
362
404
449
494
537
299
329
359
391
433
473
527
576
631
697
201
224
238
253
271
289
313
345
381
426
474
521
576
Surface
Area
per
Metre
m2
3.01
3.02
3.04
3.05
3.07
3.10
3.12
3.14
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.84
2.85
2.87
2.89
2.91
2.94
2.97
2.99
3.24
3.26
3.27
3.29
3.31
3.33
3.35
3.38
3.40
3.43
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.03
3.04
3.06
3.09
3.11
3.14
3.17
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
341200
381700
427000
485900
543700
618300
697600
776600
246000
279200
310200
339700
386500
430400
473000
513500
573400
648200
729200
810000
892800
479800
534700
590000
659000
735400
812500
913500
1012000
1120000
1253000
325300
376400
406100
436300
470700
504200
549000
625200
696900
777000
884100
981300
110100
cm4
24890
28000
31500
35570
39920
45680
51790
57770
7800
9067
10250
11360
12920
14470
16050
17540
19800
22660
25820
28960
32280
31180
34970
38800
43070
48390
53680
60680
67480
74810
84520
9424
11240
12270
13300
14460
15600
17130
19480
21980
24640
28580
32080
36460
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
cm
32.3
32.5
32.7
33.0
33.1
33.4
33.6
33.9
33.1
33.6
34.0
34.3
34.8
34.8
35.0
35.1
35.3
35.5
35.7
35.9
36.1
35.5
35.7
35.9
36.3
36.5
36.7
36.9
37.1
37.3
37.6
35.7
36.3
36.6
36.8
36.9
37.0
37.1
37.7
37.9
38.1
38.3
38.5
38.8
cm
8.71
8.80
8.87
8.94
8.98
9.09
9.16
9.24
5.90
6.06
6.18
6.27
6.36
6.38
6.45
6.49
6.56
6.64
6.72
6.79
6.87
9.05
9.13
9.21
9.29
9.36
9.43
9.50
9.59
9.64
9.75
6.07
6.27
6.36
6.42
6.47
6.51
6.55
6.66
6.72
6.78
6.89
6.95
7.05
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm3
8827
9796
10870
12220
13540
15210
16950
18650
5893
6642
7334
7985
8999
9950
10860
11710
12960
14480
16120
17700
19300
11220
12410
13590
15030
16620
18200
20330
22170
24260
26810
7204
8269
8879
9501
10200
10880
11780
13260
14660
16170
18210
20010
22180
cm3
1308
1466
1642
1860
2074
2358
2653
2940
535
620
700
773
884
984
1086
1180
1321
1500
1692
1880
2078
1559
1742
1927
2146
2396
2644
2968
3280
3614
4044
621
739
805
871
943
1014
1107
1266
1416
1575
1810
2013
2266
cm3
9916
11030
12270
13830
15410
17380
19500
21550
6808
7640
8416
9155
10310
11450
12530
13550
15060
16910
18920
20890
22880
12640
14020
15380
17020
18910
20780
23230
25570
28140
31270
8351
9535
10230
10940
11770
12570
13650
15340
17030
18870
21350
23590
26260
cm3
2012
2258
2531
2869
3208
3653
4123
4579
842
974
1097
1212
1383
1547
1710
1864
2095
2385
2704
3018
3346
2405
2690
2977
3314
3709
4101
4616
5113
5652
6342
982
1163
1266
1371
1487
1601
1754
2000
2247
2510
2895
3235
3654
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
H
J
30.3
27.5
25.0
22.2
20.3
18.3
16.7
15.3
46.5
41.6
37.9
35.0
30.9
28.3
26.1
24.4
22.3
20.2
18.4
17.0
15.8
31.2
28.4
26.1
23.6
21.6
19.9
18.1
16.7
15.5
14.2
46.8
41.3
38.6
36.2
33.9
31.9
29.7
26.4
24.1
22.2
19.9
18.4
16.8
dm6
34.6
39.3
44.6
50.9
57.8
67.0
77.0
87.0
13.0
15.2
17.3
19.3
22.1
25.0
27.9
30.7
35.0
40.5
46.7
53.1
59.8
53.2
60.1
67.3
75.5
85.6
95.8
110
123
138
158
18.4
22.1
24.2
26.4
28.8
31.2
34.5
39.7
45.2
51.3
60.0
68.1
78.5
cm4
635
859
1161
1651
2218
3090
4224
5563
221
306
404
514
735
983
1265
1569
2095
2884
3910
5088
6494
855
1146
1491
2008
2687
3488
4737
6135
7983
10569
291
422
515
626
767
926
1164
1648
2199
2891
4091
5337
7127
0.883
0.885
0.886
0.889
0.888
0.889
0.888
0.888
0.856
0.862
0.867
0.870
0.875
0.874
0.874
0.874
0.874
0.875
0.874
0.873
0.873
0.881
0.882
0.884
0.888
0.887
0.888
0.887
0.887
0.886
0.886
0.854
0.861
0.864
0.866
0.866
0.867
0.866
0.872
0.872
0.871
0.872
0.871
0.871
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
53
52
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r
N
t
D
d
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
C
Imperial units
b
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W36-36x16 1/2
(914x419)
W40-40x12
(1016x305)
W40-40x16
(1016x406)
W44-4x16
(1118x406)
54
Depth
Of
Section
Width
Of
Section
D
B
T
t
Thickness
Root
Radius
Depth
Between
Fillets
Area
Of
Section
r
d
A
Flange Web
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange
Web
b/T
d/t
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
210
210
210
210
210
208
208
208
208
208
208
152
152
152
150
150
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
mm
56
58
61
64
67
71
75
80
86
98
114
51
56
61
66
70
74
76
79
84
84
89
94
202
202
201
200
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
201
200
200
200
57
61
66
70
72
76
81
86
90
100
112
51
56
60
65
lb/ft
230
245
260
280
300
328
359
393
439
527
650
149
167
183
211
235
264
278
294
327
331
359
392
kg/m
343.3
364.6
388
416.7
446.4
488.1
534.2
584.8
653
784
967
222
249
272
314
349
393
415
438
487
494
535
584
mm
911.8
916.4
921.0
927.6
933.2
942.1
950.0
960.1
972.0
996.0
1028.0
970.3
980.2
990.1
1000.0
1008.1
1016.0
1020.0
1025.9
1036.1
1036.0
1046.0
1056.0
mm
418.5
419.4
420.5
421.5
423.0
422.4
424.9
427.5
431.0
437.0
446.0
300.0
300.0
300.0
300.0
302.0
303.0
304
305.4
308.5
309.0
311.4
314.0
mm
32.0
34.3
36.6
39.9
42.7
47.0
51.1
55.9
62.0
73.9
89.9
21.1
26.0
31.0
35.9
40.0
43.9
46.0
49.0
54.1
54.0
58.9
64.0
mm
19.4
20.3
21.4
22.5
24.0
25.9
28.5
31.0
34.5
40.9
50.0
16.0
16.5
16.5
19.1
21.1
24.4
26.0
26.9
30.0
31.0
33.0
36.0
mm
24.1
24.1
24.1
24.1
24.1
24.1
24.1
24.1
24.0
24.0
24.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30
30.0
30.0
30
30.0
30
mm
799.6
799.6
799.6
799.6
799.7
799.9
799.7
800.1
800.0
800.2
800.2
868.1
868.2
868.1
868.2
868.1
868.2
868.0
867.9
867.9
868.0
868.2
868.0
cm2
437
465
494
532
569
622
680
746
832
998
1232
283
317
347
400
445
500
529
557
620
629
681
744
6.54
6.12
5.74
5.28
4.96
4.49
4.16
3.83
3.48
2.96
2.48
7.11
5.77
4.84
4.18
3.78
3.45
3.30
3.12
2.85
2.86
2.64
2.45
41.2
39.4
37.4
35.6
33.3
30.9
28.1
25.8
23.2
19.6
16.0
54.3
52.6
52.6
45.5
41.1
35.6
33.4
32.3
28.9
28.0
26.3
24.1
mm
12
12
13
13
14
15
16
17
19
22
27
10
10
10
12
13
14
15
15
17
18
19
20
199
215
249
277
297
324
362
397
431
503
593
230
262
290
335
296
321
371
412
443
483
539
591
642
748
883
343
390
433
499
982
990
1000
1008
1012
1020
1030
1040
1048
1068
1092
1090
1100
1108
1118
400
400
400
402
402
404
407
409
412
417
424
400
400
402
405
27.1
31.0
36.1
40.0
41.9
46.0
51.1
55.9
60.0
70.0
82.0
31.0
36.0
40.0
45.0
16.5
16.5
19.0
21.1
23.6
25.4
28.4
31.0
34.0
39.0
45.5
18.0
20.0
22.0
26.0
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
20
20
20
20
868.0
868.0
868.0
868.0
868.2
868.0
867.8
868.2
868.0
868.0
868.0
988.0
988.0
988.0
988.0
377
409
472
524
564
615
687
753
818
953
1125
437
497
551
635
12.12
12.12
10.53
9.53
8.52
7.95
7.17
6.60
6.06
5.35
4.66
11.11
10.00
9.14
7.79
32.0
28.0
24.0
21.7
20.7
18.9
17.0
15.5
14.5
12.4
10.6
31.9
27.4
24.7
22.0
10
10
12
13
14
15
16
18
19
22
25
11
12
13
15
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Notch
53
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
x
Imperial units
y
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
in (mm)
W36-36x16 1/2
(914x419)
W40-40x12
(1016x305)
W40-40x16
(1016x406)
W44-4x16
(1118x406)
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
lb/ft
230
245
260
280
300
328
359
393
439
527
650
149
167
183
211
235
264
278
294
327
331
359
392
199
215
249
277
297
324
362
397
431
503
593
230
262
290
335
kg/m
343
365
388
417
446
488
534
585
653
784
967
222
249
272
314
349
393
415
438
487
494
535
584
296
321
371
412
443
483
539
591
642
748
883
343
390
433
499
Surface
Area
per
Metre
m2
3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.47
3.48
3.50
3.53
3.56
3.62
3.70
3.06
3.08
3.10
3.11
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.17
3.19
3.19
3.22
3.24
3.48
3.50
3.51
3.53
3.53
3.55
3.58
3.60
3.62
3.67
3.74
3.71
3.73
3.75
3.77
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
625800
671700
719600
785700
846900
936400
1031000
1144000
1292000
1593000
2033000
408000
481300
554000
644200
723100
807700
853100
909900
1021000
1028000
1131000
1246100
618700
696400
812100
909800
966510
1067480
1202540
1331040
1450590
1731940
2096420
867400
1005000
1126000
1294000
cm4
39160
42240
45440
49870
53940
59170
65450
73000
83050
103300
133900
9553
11760
14010
16240
18470
20500
21710
23450
26730
26820
29970
33430
28850
33120
38480
43410
45500
50710
57630
64010
70280
85110
104970
33120
38480
43410
49980
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
cm
37.8
38.0
38.2
38.4
38.6
38.8
38.9
39.2
39.4
40.0
40.6
38.0
39.0
40.0
40.1
40.3
40.2
40.2
40.4
40.6
40.4
40.8
40.9
40.5
41.3
41.5
41.7
41.4
41.7
41.8
42.1
42.1
42.6
43.2
44.6
45.0
45.2
45.1
cm
9.46
9.53
9.59
9.68
9.73
9.76
9.81
9.89
9.99
10.2
10.4
5.81
6.09
6.36
6.37
6.44
6.40
6.41
6.49
6.57
6.53
6.63
6.70
8.75
9.00
9.03
9.10
8.98
9.08
9.16
9.22
9.27
9.45
9.66
8.71
8.80
8.87
8.87
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm3
13730
14660
15630
16940
18150
19880
21700
23840
26590
31980
39540
8409
9821
11190
12880
14350
15900
16728
17740
19720
19845
21620
23600
12600
14070
16240
18050
19101
20931
23350
25597
27683
32433
38396
15920
18280
20320
23150
cm3
1871
2014
2161
2366
2550
2801
3081
3415
3854
4728
6003
637
784
934
1083
1223
1353
1428
1536
1733
1736
1925
2130
1443
1656
1924
2160
2264
2510
2832
3130
3412
4082
4952
1656
1924
2160
2468
cm3
15480
16550
17670
19170
20600
22640
24820
27390
30730
37340
46810
9807
11350
12830
14850
16590
18540
19571
20760
23200
23413
25570
28039
14220
15800
18330
20440
21777
23923
26824
29530
32097
37881
45265
18060
20780
23160
26600
cm3
2890
3111
3341
3658
3948
4344
4790
5320
6014
7439
9504
1020
1245
1470
1713
1941
2168
2298
2469
2800
2818
3126
3475
2235
2555
2976
3348
3529
3919
4436
4916
5379
6459
7874
2568
2988
3362
3870
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
H
J
30.1
28.3
26.7
24.8
23.3
21.4
19.8
18.2
16.5
14.0
11.8
45.7
39.9
35.0
30.7
27.9
25.5
24.2
23.1
21.1
20.8
19.5
17.9
38.0
34.3
29.9
27.1
25.8
23.7
21.5
19.8
18.5
16.1
14.0
38.9
33.9
30.7
27.3
dm6
75.8
82.2
88.9
98.3
107
119
132
149
171
218
292
21.5
26.8
32.2
37.7
43.3
48.4
51.1
56.0
64.4
64.0
73.0
81.2
65.9
76.0
89.4
101.5
106.7
119.9
137.6
154.3
170.7
210.7
265.7
92.7
108.7
123.5
143.4
cm4
1193
1442
1734
2188
2671
3500
4508
5890
8124
13730
24930
390
582
835
1264
1718
2330
2713
3185
4299
4433
5576
7230
762.6
1021
1575
2134
2545
3311
4546
5927
7440
11670
18750
1037
1564
2130
3135
0.883
0.884
0.885
0.887
0.887
0.887
0.886
0.887
0.887
0.887
0.886
0.850
0.861
0.873
0.872
0.872
0.868
0.868
0.868
0.867
0.867
0.866
0.869
0.878
0.887
0.887
0.887
0.882
0.884
0.883
0.883
0.882
0.882
0.883
0.876
0.878
0.879
0.876
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
55
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
56
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
CELLULAR BEAMS
Section
Size
hxb
Unit
Weight
M
FLOOR BEAMS
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
Cellular Beams
ROOF BEAMS
H
D
S
Ixx
Zexx
Zplxx
Anet
H
D
S
Ixx
Zexx
Zplxx
Anet
in (mm)
W6-6x6
(152x152)
lb/ft
15
20
25
kg/m
22.32
29.76
37.20
mm
217.4
222.6
226.8
mm
150
150
150
mm
225
225
225
cm4
2541
3543
4456
cm3
233.8
318.4
393.1
cm3
245.5
337.3
420.2
cm2
23.8
32.2
39.8
mm
239.5
244.7
248.9
mm
180
180
180
mm
225
225
225
cm4
3080
4291
5389
cm3
257.1
350.7
433.0
cm3
267.9
368.6
458.9
cm2
23.4
31.7
39.2
W8-8x51/4
(203x133)
17
20
25.1
30.0
289.8
293.4
200
200
300
300
4732
5852
326.5
398.9
343.1
421.0
25.0
30.5
309.3
312.9
225
225
300
300
5384
6656
348.2
425.5
364.0
446.8
24.7
30.1
W8-8x8
(203x203)
31
35
40
48
58
46.13
52.09
59.53
71.43
86.31
269.3
272.3
275.7
281.9
288.3
200
200
200
200
200
350
350
350
350
350
7906
9098
10564
13116
16161
587.1
616.7
668.1
705.4
766.2
814.1
930.4
997.9
1120.9 1215.4
48.2
54.8
62.9
76.1
91.7
322.0
325.0
328.4
334.6
341.0
245
245
245
245
245
305
305
305
305
305
11571
13283
15394
19013
23342
718.7
750.4
817.5
857.1
937.6
988.5
1136.6 1207.8
1369.1 1468.8
4.87
5.54
6.36
7.69
9.37
W10-10x53/4
(254x146)
21
25
29
31.1
37.0
43.0
359.7
364.3
367.9
250
250
250
375
375
375
8971
11254
13275
498.8
617.9
721.8
523.2
650.1
763.0
30.7
37.7
44.1
383.7
388.3
391.9
275
275
275
350
350
350
10262
12859
15160
534.9
662.3
773.7
559.3
694.7
815.0
30.6
37.7
44
W10-10x10
(254x254)
49
60
72
89
112
72.92
89.29
107.00
132.00
166.67
362.4
368.6
375.0
384.6
397.4
250
250
250
250
250
375
375
375
375
375
23472
29231
35671
45888
59801
1295.5
1586.2
1902.7
2365.8
3009.9
1364.1
1683.7
2037.4
2562.5
3309.3
79.5
97.3
116.9
145.1
184.3
399.3
405.5
411.9
421.5
434.3
300
300
300
300
300
375
375
375
375
375
28548
35502
43247
55032
72131
1429.8
1750.9
2099.7
2611.0
3321.4
1494.7
1844.0
2229.0
2801.5
3613.4
78.4
96
115.2
143.1
181.8
W12-12x4
(305x102)
16.5
19
22
24.8
28.2
32.8
435.0
438.6
442.6
300
300
300
450
450
450
8816
10657
12932
405.3
485.9
584.3
430.9
515.9
621.5
21.2
25.2
30.1
463.2
466.8
470.8
325
325
325
400
400
400
10124
12214
14801
437.1
523.3
628.7
463.9
554.6
667.4
21.4
25.4
30.3
W12-12x61/2
(305x165)
27
31
36
40.3
46.1
54.0
433.3
436.5
440.3
300
300
300
450
450
450
17237
20061
23670
795.6
832.8
919.2
965.2
1075.2 1134.4
40.4
46.7
54.7
461.5
464.7
468.5
325
325
325
400
400
400
19718
22934
27047
854.5
893.0
987.0 1034.6
1154.6 1215.6
40.6
46.9
54.9
W12-12x12
(305x305)
65
79
92
106
96.73
117.56
137.00
157.74
437.8
444.4
450.4
457.0
300
300
300
300
450
450
450
450
45298
56163
66358
78001
2069.3
2527.6
2946.6
3413.6
2173.2
2674.1
3137.4
3659.8
104.6
127.8
149.0
172.5
486.0
492.6
498.6
505.2
370
370
370
370
470
470
470
470
55687
68954
81380
95538
2291.6
2799.5
3264.3
3782.1
2386.7
2935.2
3442.5
4013.8
102.5
125.2
146
169.1
W14-14x63/4
(356x171)
30
34
38
45
45.0
51.0
57.0
67.1
503.0
506.6
509.6
515.0
350
350
350
350
525
525
525
525
24287
28501
32342
39223
965.8
1125.3
1269.4
1523.4
1013.5
1182.3
1337.0
1610.9
42.5
49.3
55.6
66.5
532.1
535.7
538.7
554.1
375
375
375
375
475
475
475
475
27436
32162
36478
44196
1031.2
1200.7
1354.3
1624.5
1081.0
1260.0
1424.4
1715.0
42.8
49.6
55.9
66.9
W16-16x51/2
(406x140)
26
31
38.69
46.13
571.2
576.4
400
400
600
600
24957
31451
8/73.8 921.2
1091.3 1149.9
34.2
42.3
604.5
609.7
425
425
525
525
28367
35662
938.5
989.7
1169.8 1232.6
34.8
42.9
W16-16x7
(406x178)
36
40
45
50
53.57
59.53
66.97
74.41
575.8
579.6
582.6
586.0
400
400
400
400
600
600
600
600
37713
43565
49074
55063
1309.9
1503.3
1684.6
1879.3
1377.0
1580.9
1776.3
1986.0
50.6
57.7
64.7
72.1
609.1
612.9
615.9
619.3
425
425
425
425
525
525
525
525
42739
49297
55511
62247
1403.3
1608.6
1802.5
2010.1
1475.1
1691.1
1899.8
2123.1
51.2
58.4
65.4
72.9
W18-18x71/2
(457x191)
45
50
55
60
66
67.1
74.3
82.0
89.3
98.3
648.3
651.9
654.9
658.3
662.1
450
450
450
450
450
675
675
675
675
675
59376
67373
74891
82871
92309
1831.9
2067.1
2287.3
2517.9
2788.6
1926.9
2176.9
2414.4
2662.5
2956.3
62.9
70.8
78.3
86.1
95.3
682.5
686.1
689.1
692.5
696.3
475
475
475
475
475
600
600
600
600
600
66618
75522
83924
92809
103329
1952.1
2201.4
2435.7
2680.3
2967.8
2053.6
2318.2
2570.6
2833.4
3144.9
63.7
71.6
79.2
87.1
96.3
W21-21x81/4
(533x210)
55
62
68
73
82
82.2
92.1
101
109
122
759.1
763.9
767.5
770.3
775.3
525
525
525
525
525
775
775
775
775
775
96581
112366
125204
135978
154662
2544.5
2941.8
3262.5
3530.4
3989.3
2682.9
3103.0
3446.4
3736.0
4232.8
75.1
86.3
95.5
103.4
116.7
796.1
800.9
804.5
807.3
812.3
550
550
550
550
550
675
675
675
675
675
107646
125070
139274
151220
171888
2704.3
3123.2
3462.4
3746.3
4232.1
2853.7
3296.2
3658.9
3965.7
4490.7
76.2
87.5
96.8
104.7
118.2
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
57
CASTELLATED BEAMS
Castellated Beams
y
B
Dc
t
dc
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
Section
Size
Castellated
Beam
58
1.08Ds
Dc
B
t
T
r
in(mm)
6x4
(153x102)
lb/ft
13
kg/m
19.35
mm
156.7
mm
103.1
mm
7.11
mm
8.76
mm
126.38
mm
6.4
mm
110
W5-5x5
(127x127)
71/2 x 5
(191x127)
18
19
23.81
28.28
190.8
194.3
127.0
127.8
6.10
6.86
9.14
10.92
157.32
157.26
7.6
137
137
W6-6x4
(152x102)
9x4
(228x102)
9
12
16
13.39
17.86
23.81
225.9
229.2
235.5
100.1
101.6
102.4
4.32
5.84
6.60
5.46
7.11
10.29
202.18
202.18
202.12
6.4
164
164
164
W6-6x6
(152x152)
9x6
(228x152)
15
20
25
22.32
29.76
37.20
228.1
233.5
238.1
152.1
152.9
154.4
5.84
6.60
8.13
6.60
9.27
11.56
202.10
202.16
202.18
6.4
164
164
164
W8-8x4
(203x102)
12x4
(305x102)
10
13
15
14.88
19.35
22.32
301.9
304.4
307.5
100.1
101.6
102.0
4.32
5.84
6.22
5.21
6.48
8.00
276.28
276.24
276.30
7.6
219
219
219
W8-8x51/4
(203x133)
12x51/4
(305x133)
18
21
26.79
31.25
308.3
311.8
133.4
133.9
5.84
6.35
8.38
10.16
276.34
276.28
7.6
219
219
W8-8x61/2
(203x165)
12x61/2
(305x165)
24
28
35.72
41.67
302.9
306.2
165.0
166.0
6.22
7.24
10.16
11.81
262.18
262.18
10.2
219
219
W8-8x8
(203x203)
12x8
(305x203)
31
35
40
48
58
67
46.13
52.09
59.53
71.43
86.31
99.71
304.7
307.7
311.1
317.4
323.7
330.1
203.1
203.7
205.0
206.0
208.8
210.3
7.24
7.87
9.14
10.16
12.95
14.48
11.05
12.57
14.22
17.40
20.57
23.75
262.20
262.16
262.26
262.20
262.16
262.20
10.2
219
219
219
219
219
219
W10-10x4
(254x102)
15x4
(381x102)
12
15
17
19
17.86
22.32
25.30
28.28
377.7
380.7
383.8
387.1
100.6
101.6
101.9
102.1
4.83
5.84
6.10
6.35
5.33
6.86
8.38
10.03
351.84
351.78
351.84
351.84
7.6
274
274
274
274
W10-10x53/4
(254x146)
15x53/4
(381x146)
22
26
30
32.74
38.69
44.64
385.3
389.4
392.9
146.0
146.6
147.6
6.10
6.60
7.62
9.14
11.18
12.95
351.82
351.84
351.80
7.6
274
274
274
W10-10x8
(254x203)
15x8
(381x203)
33
39
45
49.11
58.04
66.97
374.1
379.0
383.5
202.2
202.8
203.7
7.37
8.00
8.89
11.05
13.46
15.75
326.60
326.68
326.60
12.7
274
274
274
W10-10x10
(254x254)
15x10
(381x254)
49
54
60
68
77
88
100
112
72.92
80.36
89.29
101.19
114.58
130.95
148.81
166.67
380.5
383.3
386.6
391.2
396.2
402.3
408.9
415.5
254.0
254.8
256.0
257.3
258.8
260.7
262.6
264.5
8.64
9.40
10.67
11.94
13.46
15.37
17.27
19.18
14.22
15.62
17.27
19.56
22.10
25.15
28.45
31.75
326.66
326.66
326.66
326.68
326.60
326.60
326.60
326.60
12.7
274
274
274
274
274
274
274
274
W12-12x4
(305x102)
18x4
(458x102)
14
16
19
22
20.83
23.81
28.28
32.74
455.0
457.0
461.4
465.2
100.0
101.3
101.7
102.4
5.08
5.59
5.97
6.60
5.72
6.73
8.89
10.80
428.36
428.34
428.42
428.40
7.6
329
329
329
329
W12-12x61/2
(305x165)
18x61/2
(458x165)
26
30
35
38.69
44.64
52.09
462.9
465.9
470.0
164.8
165.6
166.6
5.84
6.60
7.62
9.65
11.18
13.21
428.40
428.34
428.38
7.6
329
329
329
M
Thickness
Web
Flange
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Depth
Between
Fillet
dc
y
in (mm)
W4-4x4
(102x102)
Dc x B
Section
Width
x
x
Pitch of
standard
castellated
1.08Ds
Unit
Weight
Section
Depth
600
Ds
Root
Radius
CASTELLATED BEAMS
y
B
Dc
t
dc
T
Section
Size
Castellated
Beam
Unit
Weight
M
Dc x B
Section
Depth
Section
Width
600
Ds
1.08Ds
Thickness
Web
Flange
Depth
Between
Fillet
dc
x
x
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
Castellated Beams
y
Root
Radius
Pitch of
standard
castellated
1.08Ds
Dc
B
t
T
in (mm)
W12-12x8
(305x203)
in(mm)
18x8
(458x203)
lb/ft
40
45
50
kg/m
59.53
66.97
74.41
mm
455.8
458.8
462.1
mm
203.3
204.3
205.2
mm
7.49
8.51
9.40
mm
13.08
14.60
16.26
mm
399.24
399.20
399.18
mm
15.2
mm
329
329
329
W12-12x10
(305x254)
18x10
(458x254)
53
58
78.87
86.31
458.8
462.1
253.9
254.3
8.76
9.14
14.60
16.26
399.20
399.18
15.2
329
329
W12-12x12
(305x305)
18x12
(458x305)
65
72
79
87
96
106
120
136
152
170
190
96.73
107.14
117.56
129.46
142.86
157.74
178.57
202.38
226.19
253.98
282.74
460.3
463.7
467.0
470.8
475.3
479.9
485.7
493.1
500.7
508.9
517.8
304.8
305.8
306.8
308.0
308.9
310.4
312.9
315.0
317.0
319.3
321.8
9.91
10.92
11.94
13.08
13.97
15.49
18.03
20.07
22.10
24.38
26.92
15.37
17.02
18.67
20.57
22.86
25.15
28.07
31.75
35.56
39.62
44.07
399.16
399.26
399.26
399.26
399.18
399.20
399.16
399.20
399.18
399.26
399.26
15.2
W12*-12x12
(305x305)
18x12
(458x305)
210
230
252
279
305
336
312.50
342.26
375.00
415.18
453.87
500.00
526.1
534.8
543.9
555.1
567.0
579.7
324.9
327.5
330.3
333.8
336.2
340.0
29.97
32.64
35.43
38.86
41.28
45.08
48.26
52.58
57.15
62.74
68.71
75.06
399.18
399.24
399.20
399.22
399.18
399.18
15.2
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
W14-14x5
(356x127)
21x5
(534x127)
22
26
32.74
38.69
527.0
531.3
127.0
127.6
5.84
6.48
8.51
10.67
489.58
489.56
10.2
385
385
W14-14x63/4
(356x171)
21x63/4
(534x171)
30
34
38
44.64
50.60
56.55
529.5
533.1
536.1
170.9
171.3
172.0
6.86
7.24
7.87
9.78
11.56
13.08
489.54
489.58
489.54
10.2
385
385
385
W14x8
(356x203)
21x8
(534x203)
43
48
53
63.99
71.43
78.87
525.0
528.3
531.6
203.1
204.0
204.7
7.75
8.64
9.40
13.46
15.11
16.76
467.68
467.68
467.68
15.2
385
385
385
W14-14x10
(356x254)
21x10
(534x254)
61
68
74
82
90.78
101.19
110.12
122.02
530.8
534.6
537.9
541.5
253.9
254.9
255.8
257.3
9.52
10.54
11.43
12.95
16.38
18.29
18.94
21.72
467.64
467.62
467.62
467.66
15.2
385
385
385
385
W14-14x141/2
(356x368)
21x141/2
(534x368)
90
99
109
120
132
133.93
147.32
162.20
178.57
196.43
534.1
537.7
541.7
545.8
550.4
368.8
370.0
371.0
372.6
374.0
11.18
12.32
13.34
14.99
16.38
18.03
19.81
21.84
23.88
26.16
467.64
467.68
467.62
467.64
467.68
15.2
385
385
385
385
385
r
Note : * Not included in regular rolling schedule
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
59
CASTELLATED BEAMS
Castellated Beams
y
B
Dc
t
dc
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
T
Section
Size
Castellated
Beam
Unit
Weight
M
Dc x B
60
Section
Depth
Section
Width
600
Ds
1.08Ds
Thickness
Web
Flange
Depth
Between
Fillet
dc
x
x
y
Root
Radius
Pitch of
standard
castellated
1.08Ds
Dc
B
t
T
in (mm)
W16-16x51/2
(406x140)
in(mm)
24x51/2
(609x140)
lb/ft
26
31
kg/m
38.69
46.13
mm
601.5
606.4
mm
139.7
140.3
mm
6.35
6.98
mm
8.76
11.18
mm
563.58
563.64
mm
10.2
mm
438
438
W16-16x7
(406x178)
24x7
(609x178)
36
40
45
50
57
53.57
59.53
66.97
74.41
84.83
605.8
609.7
612.7
616.0
620.3
177.4
177.7
178.7
179.6
180.8
7.49
7.75
8.76
9.65
10.92
10.92
12.83
14.35
16.00
18.16
563.56
563.64
563.64
563.60
563.58
10.2
438
438
438
438
438
W16-16x101/4
(406x260)
24x101/4
(609x260)
67
77
89
100
99.71
114.58
132.44
148.81
617.8
622.6
628.4
634.0
260.0
261.5
263.3
264.8
10.03
11.56
13.33
14.86
16.89
19.30
22.22
25.02
563.62
563.60
563.56
563.56
10.2
438
438
438
438
W18-18x6
(457x152)
27x6
(686x152)
35
40
46
52.09
59.53
68.46
678.1
683.2
687.2
152.4
152.8
153.9
7.62
8.00
9.14
10.80
13.34
15.37
636.10
636.12
636.06
10.2
494
494
494
W18-18x71/2
(457x191)
27x71/2
(686x191)
50
55
60
65
71
74.41
81.85
89.29
96.73
105.65
685.4
688.5
691.8
694.6
697.6
190.4
191.3
191.9
192.8
193.9
9.02
9.91
10.54
11.43
12.57
14.48
16.00
17.65
19.05
20.57
636.04
636.10
636.10
636.10
636.06
10.2
494
494
494
494
494
W18-18x11
(457x279)
27x11
(686x279)
76
86
97
106
119
113.10
127.98
144.35
157.74
177.08
691.0
695.6
700.7
704.2
710.3
280.3
281.7
283.1
284.5
286.1
10.80
12.19
13.59
14.99
16.64
17.27
19.56
22.10
23.88
26.92
636.06
636.08
636.10
636.04
636.06
10.2
494
494
494
494
494
W21-21x61/2
(533x165)
311/2x61/2
(800x165)
44
50
57
65.48
74.41
84.83
791.3
795.6
801.4
165.1
165.9
166.5
8.89
9.65
10.29
11.43
13.58
16.51
743.04
743.02
742.98
12.7
576
576
576
W21-21x81/4
(533x210)
311/2x81/4
(800x210)
62
68
73
83
93
92.26
101.19
108.63
123.51
138.39
799.6
803.2
806.0
810.8
815.6
209.3
210.1
210.7
212.2
213.9
10.16
10.92
11.56
13.08
14.73
15.62
17.40
18.80
21.21
23.62
742.96
743.00
743.00
742.98
742.96
12.7
576
576
576
576
576
W21-21x121/4
(533x312)
311/2x121/4
(800x312)
101
111
122
132
147
150.30
165.18
181.55
196.43
218.75
809.0
812.9
817.2
821.0
826.8
312.2
313.4
314.7
316.0
317.8
12.70
13.97
15.24
16.51
18.29
20.32
22.22
24.38
26.29
29.21
742.96
743.06
743.04
743.02
742.98
12.7
576
576
576
576
576
W24-24x7
(610x178)
36x7
(915x178)
55
62
81.85
92.27
903.7
908.0
177.9
178.8
10.03
10.92
12.83
14.99
852.64
852.62
12.7
659
659
W24-24x9
(610x229)
36x9
(915x229)
68
76
84
94
101.19
113.10
125.00
139.88
907.7
912.6
917.1
922.5
227.7
228.3
229.1
230.3
10.54
11.18
11.94
13.08
14.86
17.27
19.56
22.22
852.58
852.66
852.58
852.66
12.7
659
659
659
659
W24-24x123/4
(610x324)
36x123/4
(915x324)
104
117
131
146
162
154.76
174.11
194.44
217.27
241.07
916.1
921.1
926.8
933.4
940.0
323.8
325.1
326.5
327.7
329.1
12.70
13.97
15.37
16.51
17.91
19.05
21.59
24.38
27.69
30.99
852.60
852.62
852.64
852.62
852.62
12.7
659
659
659
659
659
W27-27x10
(686x254)
401/2x10
(1029x254)
84
94
102
114
125.00
139.88
151.78
169.64
1021.4
1026.8
1031.1
1036.4
253.0
253.7
254.4
255.8
11.68
12.45
13.08
14.48
16.26
18.92
21.08
23.62
958.48
958.56
958.54
958.56
15.2
741
741
741
741
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
r
CASTELLATED BEAMS
y
B
Dc
t
dc
T
Section
Size
Castellated
Beam
Unit
Weight
M
Dc x B
Section
Depth
Section
Width
600
Ds
1.08Ds
Thickness
Web
Flange
Depth
Between
Fillet
dc
x
x
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
Castellated Beams
y
Root
Radius
Pitch of
standard
castellated
1.08Ds
Dc
B
t
T
in (mm)
W27*-27x14
(686x356)
in(mm)
401/2x14
(1029x366)
lb/ft
146
161
178
kg/m
217.26
239.58
264.88
mm
1038.5
1043.8
1049.4
mm
354.7
356.1
357.8
mm
15.37
16.76
18.42
mm
24.76
27.43
30.23
mm
958.58
958.54
958.54
mm
15.2
mm
741
741
741
W30-30x101/2
(762x267)
45x101/2
(1143x267)
99
108
116
124
132
147.32
160.71
172.62
184.52
196.43
1134.4
1138.7
1143.3
1147.3
1150.9
265.4
266.1
266.6
267.1
267.8
13.21
13.84
14.35
14.86
15.62
17.02
19.30
21.59
23.62
25.40
1067.06
1067.10
1067.12
1067.06
1067.10
16.5
823
823
823
823
823
W30*-30x15
(762x381)
45x15
(1143x381)
173
191
211
257.44
284.23
313.99
1154.2
1160.2
1166.9
380.6
382.0
383.7
16.64
18.03
19.68
27.05
30.10
33.40
1067.10
1067.00
1067.10
16.5
823
823
823
W33-33x111/2
(838x292)
491/2x111/2
(1257x292)
118
130
141
152
175.60
193.45
209.82
226.19
1253.6
1259.5
1264.8
1269.6
291.6
292.4
293.0
293.8
13.97
14.73
15.37
16.13
18.80
21.72
24.38
26.80
1180.40
1180.46
1180.44
1180.40
17.8
905
905
905
905
W33*-33x151/4
(838x400)
491/2x153/4
(1257x400)
201
221
241
299.11
328.87
358.63
1274.5
1280.8
1287.2
399.9
401.4
402.8
18.16
19.68
21.08
29.21
32.38
35.56
1180.48
1180.44
1180.48
17.8
905
905
905
W36-36x12
(914x305)
54x12
(1371x305)
135
150
160
170
182
194
210
200.89
223.21
238.10
253.98
270.83
288.69
312.50
1360.0
1367.6
1371.7
1375.7
1379.8
1383.8
1388.9
303.5
304.2
304.8
305.6
306.7
307.7
309.4
15.24
15.88
16.51
17.27
18.42
19.43
21.08
20.07
23.88
25.91
27.94
29.97
32.00
34.54
1281.86
1281.84
1281.88
1281.82
1281.86
1281.80
1281.82
19.0
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
W36*-36x161/2
(914x419)
54x161/2
(1371x419)
230
245
260
280
300
342.26
364.58
386.90
416.67
446.43
1368.9
1373.4
1378.0
1384.6
1390.2
418.3
419.4
420.4
421.5
423.0
19.30
20.32
21.34
22.48
24.00
32.00
34.29
36.58
39.88
42.67
1256.70
1256.62
1256.64
1256.64
1256.66
24.1
987
987
987
987
987
r
Note : * Not included in regular rolling schedule
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
61
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
62
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
STRUCTURAL TEES
60
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
Structural Tees
General
The section sizes for structural tees are given in the tables on the following pages.
Structural tees are usually cut from universal beams and columns, but can also be
rolled.
Cut from Heavy
Column Sections.
(H/HE)
Cut from Wide Flange
Sections. Web height and
flange width approximately
equal. (H/HE)
Cut from Narrow
Flange Sections.
(I/IPE)
Cut from Medium
Flange Sections.
(I/IPE)
Figure 5 – Structural Tees: Section shapes
The standard specifications used for production of structural tees in this region are
listed in this table.
Material
AS 3679.1 (1996)
Grade 250
Grade 300
Grade 350
ASTM A36 (2001)
ASTM A572 (2001)
Grade 42
Grade 50
Grade 60
Grade 65
ASTM A913 (2001)
Yield strength
2
N/mm
Tensile strength Min. Elongation Min. Charpy VDimensions
2
notch. Temp. 20°C & Tolerances
N/mm
L0=5.65 S0
12mm 12-40 40mm
260
300
360
250
300
340
min. 250
230
300
330
min. 410
min. 430
min. 480
400-550
22 %
22 %
20 %
20-21 %
27J
27J
27J
-
min. 290
min. 345
min. 415
min. 450
min. 415
min. 450
min. 520
min. 550
20+24 %
18-21 %
16-18 %
15-17 %
-
Grade 50
min. 345
min. 450
18-21 %
-
Grade 65
min. 450
min. 550
15-17 %
-
BS 4360 (1986) (superseded)
Grade 43A
min. 275
Grade 50B
min. 355
430-580
490-640
22 %
20 %
27J
17-22 %
17-22 %
19 %
17 %
10<t150mm
27J
27J
27J
27J
17-24 %
15-21 %
13-17 %
-
18-24 %
17-23 %
15-21 %
15-21 %
-
EN 10025 (2004)
S275JR
S355JR
S420N
S460N
16mm 16-40 40mm
275
265
255
355
345
335
420
400
390
460
440
430
3-100mm
410-560
490-630
500-660
530-720
JIS 3101 (1995)
16mm 16-40 40mm
SS400
SS490
SS540
JIS 3106 (1995)
SM400A, B
SM490A, B
SM490YA, YB
SM520B
245
235
215
285
275
255
400
390
16mm 16-40 40mm
245
235
215
325
315
295
365
355
335
365
355
335
t<100mm
400-510
490-610
min 540
t<100mm
400-510
490-610
490-610
520-640
AS 3679.1
(1996)
ASTM A6
(1997)
BS 4 Part 1
(1993)
(superseded)
EN 10034
(1993)
JIS 3192 (1994)
Table 11 – Structural Tees: Standard specifications
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
63
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y
x
r
x
t
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
Metric units
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
mm
50x100
62.5x125
75x75
75x100
75x150
87.5x90
87.5x175
100x100
100x150
100x200
125x125
125x175
125x250
150x150
150x200
150x300
175x175
175x250
175x350
200x200
64
y
b
kg/m
8.5
11.8
7.0
10.3
15.6
9.0
20.2
9.1
10.5
10.7
15.0
15.3
24.9
28.1
32.8
12.8
14.5
14.8
21.8
22.1
32.2
33.2
35.9
36.2
41.1
16.0
18.4
27.9
28.4
32.7
42.3
43.5
46.5
47.0
52.9
52.9
20.7
24.7
24.8
34.6
39.1
39.8
53.1
57.3
65.4
67.5
68.2
77.9
79.3
28.3
32.7
33.0
Cut from
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
100x100
125x125
150x75
150x100
150x150
175x90
175x175
200x100
200x100
200x100
200x150
200x150
200x200
200x200
200x200
250x125
250x125
250x125
250x175
250x175
250x250
250x250
250x250
250x250
250x250
300x150
300x150
300x200
300x200
300x200
300x300
300x300
300x300
300x300
300x300
300x300
350x175
350x175
350x175
350x250
350x250
350x250
350x350
350x350
350x350
350x350
350x350
350x350
350x350
400x200
400x200
400x200
kg/m
17.2
23.6
14.0
20.7
31.1
18.0
40.4
18.2
20.9
21.3
29.9
30.6
49.9
57.8
65.7
25.7
29.0
29.6
43.6
44.1
64.4
66.5
71.8
72.4
82.2
32.0
36.7
55.8
56.8
65.4
84.6
87.0
93.0
94.0
106
106
41.4
49.4
49.6
69.2
78.1
79.7
106.2
113
130.8
135
137
159
181
56.1
65.4
66.0
Width
Of
Section
Depth
Of
Section
Thickness
Web
Flange
Root
Radius
B
d
t
T
r
mm
100
125
75
100
150
90
175
99
100
100
150
150
200
204
202
124
125
125
175
175
252
249
250
250
255
149
150
200
200
201
302
299
300
300
305
301
174
175
175
249
250
250
351
348
354
350
350
357
352
199
200
200
mm
50
62.5
75
74
75
87.5
87.5
99
100
100
97
97
100
100
104
124
125
125
122
122
122
124
125
125
125
149
150
147
147
149
147
149
150
150
150
152
173
175
175
168
170
170
169
172
172
175
175
175
178
198
200
200
mm
6
6.5
5
6
7
5
7.5
4.5
5.5
5.5
6
6
8
12
10
5
6
6
7
7
11
8
9
9
14
5.5
6.5
8
8
9
12
9
10
10
15
11
6
7
7
8
9
9
13
10
16
12
12
19
14
7
8
8
mm
8
9
7
9
10
8
11
7
8
8
9
9
12
12
16
8
9
9
11
11
11
13
14
14
14
8
9
12
12
14
12
14
15
15
15
17
9
11
11
12
14
14
13
16
16
19
19
19
22
11
13
13
mm
8
8
8
8
8
8
13
11
8
11
8
13
13
13
13
12
8
12
13
16
16
16
13
16
16
13
13
13
18
18
18
18
13
18
18
18
14
13
14
20
13
20
20
20
20
13
20
20
20
16
13
16
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratio For
Local
Buckling
Dimension
Cx
d/t
8.33
9.62
15.0
12.3
10.7
17.5
11.7
22.0
18.2
18.2
16.2
16.2
12.5
8.3
10.4
24.8
20.8
20.8
17.4
17.4
11.1
15.5
13.9
13.9
8.93
27.1
23.1
18.4
18.4
16.6
12.3
16.6
15.0
15.0
10.0
13.8
28.8
25.0
25.0
21.0
18.9
18.9
13.0
17.2
10.8
14.6
14.6
9.2
12.7
28.3
25.0
25.0
b/T
6.25
6.94
5.36
5.56
7.50
5.63
7.95
7.07
6.25
6.25
8.33
8.33
8.33
8.50
6.31
7.75
6.94
6.94
7.95
7.95
11.5
9.58
8.93
8.93
9.11
9.31
8.33
8.33
8.33
7.18
12.6
10.7
10.0
10.0
10.2
8.85
9.67
7.95
7.95
10.4
8.93
8.93
13.5
10.9
11.1
9.21
9.21
9.39
8.00
9.05
7.69
7.69
cm
1.00
1.19
1.79
1.56
1.37
1.93
1.55
2.15
2.31
2.29
1.80
1.79
1.73
2.09
1.91
2.63
2.81
2.78
2.28
2.27
2.39
1.98
2.08
2.08
2.58
3.26
3.41
2.85
2.83
2.91
2.84
2.36
2.47
2.47
3.03
2.55
3.71
3.76
3.75
3.02
3.11
3.09
3.21
2.67
3.40
2.87
2.86
3.59
3.05
4.17
4.26
4.23
STRUCTURAL TEES
y
x
x
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
100x150
100x200
125x125
125x175
125x250
150x150
150x200
150x300
175x175
175x250
175x350
200x200
kg/m
8.5
11.8
7.0
10.3
15.6
9.0
20.2
9.1
10.5
10.7
15.0
15.3
24.9
28.1
32.8
12.8
14.5
14.8
21.8
22.1
32.2
33.2
35.9
36.2
41.1
16.0
18.4
27.9
28.4
32.7
42.3
43.5
46.5
47.0
52.9
52.9
20.7
24.7
24.8
34.6
39.1
39.8
53.1
57.3
65.4
67.5
68.2
77.9
79.3
28.3
32.7
33.0
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm4
16.2
35.1
42.4
51.7
66.4
70.4
115
93.3
114
114
124
125
185
256
251
207
247
247
288
289
445
365
412
413
589
391
461
570
571
662
857
716
798
799
1108
904
675
811
811
881
1015
1017
1423
1232
1802
1519
1521
2203
1826
1188
1390
1391
cm
1.22
1.53
2.18
1.98
1.83
2.48
2.11
2.84
2.92
2.90
2.55
2.53
2.41
2.68
2.45
3.56
3.65
3.62
3.22
3.21
3.29
2.93
3.00
2.99
3.36
4.38
4.44
4.01
3.97
3.99
3.99
3.59
3.67
3.65
4.05
3.66
5.06
5.08
5.07
4.47
4.52
4.48
4.59
4.11
4.65
4.20
4.18
4.71
4.25
5.74
5.77
5.75
cm3
4.04
6.92
7.44
8.84
10.8
10.3
16.0
12.0
14.8
14.8
15.7
15.8
22.3
32.4
29.6
21.2
25.5
25.4
29.1
29.1
45.3
35.0
39.6
39.6
59.4
33.5
39.7
48.1
48.1
55.2
72.3
57.1
63.7
63.8
92.5
71.5
49.6
59.0
59.0
63.9
73.1
73.1
104
84.8
131
104
104
158
124
76.0
88.3
88.2
cm3
13.4
23.5
6.59
15.0
37.5
10.8
56.2
11.5
13.4
13.4
33.8
33.8
80.1
83.4
109
20.5
23.5
23.5
56.2
56.2
117
134
146
146
152
29.7
33.8
80.1
80.1
94.5
183
209
225
225
233
257
45.5
56.2
56.2
124
146
146
267
323
335
388
388
404
455
72.7
86.8
86.8
cm3
7.86
13.3
13.4
16.2
20.6
18.5
30.4
21.5
26.3
26.5
28.3
28.6
42.3
59.2
58.4
37.5
45.2
45.3
52.3
52.6
81.3
65.7
74.3
74.6
108
59.5
70.7
85.6
86.1
99.6
129
105
117
118
167
134
87.6
104
104
114
130
131
185
156
234
194
195
287
236
134
156
156
cm3
20.5
35.9
10.4
23.2
57.2
16.8
85.8
17.9
20.8
21.0
51.5
51.8
122
129
166
31.8
36.3
36.6
86.0
86.4
179
204
222
222
234
45.9
52.6
123
123
145
280
317
341
342
358
390
70.1
86.7
86.8
190
222
223
409
490
513
588
589
622
691
112
133
134
cm4
66.8
147
24.7
75.2
282
48.7
492
56.8
66.9
66.9
253
254
801
851
1100
127
147
147
492
492
1469
1674
1824
1824
1938
221
254
801
801
949
2758
3120
3377
3377
3552
3866
396
492
492
1546
1824
1825
4690
5622
5923
6791
6793
7216
8002
723
868
868
cm
2.49
3.13
1.66
2.39
3.77
2.06
4.37
2.21
2.24
2.22
3.65
3.61
5.02
4.88
5.13
2.79
2.82
2.79
4.21
4.18
5.98
6.29
6.32
6.29
6.09
3.29
3.29
4.75
4.71
4.77
7.16
7.51
7.55
7.51
7.26
7.57
3.88
3.96
3.95
5.92
6.05
6.00
8.33
8.78
8.43
8.89
8.84
8.53
8.90
4.48
4.56
4.54
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling Torsional
Parameter
Index
u
0.520
0.463
0.493
0.514
0.511
0.487
0.508
0.505
0.515
0.528
0.504
0.495
0.494
0.491
0.486
0.485
Torsional
Constant
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
Metric units
mm
50x100
62.5x125
75x75
75x100
75x150
87.5x90
87.5x175
100x100
Cx
Sectional
Area
x
J
A
5.58
6.41
10.2
7.90
7.08
10.9
7.27
13.3
12.5
11.8
10.6
9.91
7.78
7.19
6.09
15.0
14.2
13.5
10.7
10.3
9.54
8.96
8.56
8.38
7.73
17.8
16.0
12.0
11.4
10.1
10.6
10.0
9.70
9.41
8.72
8.46
18.8
16.1
15.9
12.9
12.1
11.4
11.3
10.2
9.41
9.02
8.77
8.07
7.70
17.8
15.9
15.5
cm4
2.35
3.93
1.40
3.27
6.22
2.15
10.5
1.92
2.53
2.87
4.65
5.44
14.9
19.6
33.3
3.36
4.24
4.83
10.6
11.6
19.6
23.3
27.9
29.3
39.1
4.32
6.16
15.7
17.9
26.6
30.5
35.6
40.9
44.0
57.7
62.1
6.81
11.2
11.5
22.3
28.9
33.1
44.8
60.4
81.1
92.6
99.3
134
152
13.5
19.8
21.0
cm2
10.8
15.0
8.92
13.2
19.8
11.4
25.7
11.6
13.3
13.6
19.1
19.5
31.8
35.8
41.8
16.3
18.5
18.8
27.7
28.1
41.0
42.3
45.7
46.1
52.3
20.4
23.4
35.5
36.2
41.7
53.8
55.4
59.2
59.9
67.4
67.4
26.3
31.5
31.6
44.1
49.8
50.8
67.6
73.0
83.3
85.9
86.9
99.2
101
36.1
41.7
42.1
65
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y
x
r
x
t
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
Metric units
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
mm
200x300
200x400
225x200
225x300
250x200
250x300
300x200
300x300
350x300
400x300
450x300
66
y
b
kg/m
47.1
52.3
53.4
70.0
73.3
84.1
85.8
98.4
116.0
142.0
207.0
302.0
33.1
37.5
38.0
53.0
60.4
61.8
39.7
44.1
44.8
51.5
57.1
62.5
64.2
47.3
51.7
52.8
59.8
67.0
68.5
73.5
75.6
87.3
83.0
90.9
92.4
95.6
103.0
105.0
105.0
120.0
141.0
152.0
Cut from
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
400x300
400x300
400x300
400x400
400x400
400x400
400x400
400x400
400x400
400x400
400x400
400x400
450x200
450x200
450x200
450x300
450x300
450x300
500x200
500x200
500x200
500x200
500x300
500x300
500x300
600x200
600x200
600x200
600x200
600x200
600x300
600x300
600x300
600x300
700x300
700x300
700x300
800x300
800x300
800x300
900x300
900x300
900x300
900x300
kg/m
94.3
105
107
140
147
171.6
172
200
232
283
415
605
66.2
74.9
76.0
106
121
124
77.9
88.2
89.6
102
114
125
128
92.5
103
106
120
134
137
147
151
175
166
182
185
191
207
210
210
240
283
304
Width
Of
Section
Depth
Of
Section
Thickness
Web
Flange
Root
Radius
B
d
t
T
r
mm
299
300
300
402
398
405
400
408
405
407
417
432
199
200
200
299
300
300
199
200
200
201
300
300
300
199
200
200
201
202
300
300
300
302
300
300
300
300
300
300
299
300
302
303
mm
193
195
195
194
197
197
200
200
207
214
229
249
223
225
225
217
220
220
248
250
250
253
241
244
244
298
300
300
303
306
291
294
294
297
346
350
350
396
400
400
445
450
456
459
mm
9
10
10
15
11
18
13
21
18
20
30
45
8
9
9
10
11
11
9
10
10
11
11
11
11
10
11
11
12
13
12
12
12
14
13
13
13
14
14
14
15
16
18
19
mm
14
16
16
15
18
18
21
21
28
35
50
70
12
14
14
15
18
18
14
16
16
19
15
18
18
15
17
17
20
23
17
20
20
23
20
24
24
22
26
26
23
28
34
37
mm
22
13
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
18
13
18
24
13
24
20
13
20
20
26
13
26
22
13
22
22
22
28
13
28
28
28
18
28
28
18
28
18
18
18
18
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratio For
Local
Buckling
Dimension
Cx
d/t
21.4
19.5
19.5
12.9
17.9
10.9
15.4
9.5
11.5
10.7
7.6
5.5
27.9
25.0
25.0
21.7
20.0
20.0
27.6
25.0
25.0
23.0
21.9
22.2
22.2
29.8
27.3
27.3
25.3
23.5
24.3
24.5
24.5
21.2
26.6
26.9
26.9
28.3
28.6
28.6
29.7
28.1
25.3
24.2
b/T
10.7
9.38
9.38
13.4
11.1
11.3
9.52
9.71
7.23
5.81
4.17
3.09
8.29
7.14
7.14
9.97
8.33
8.33
7.11
6.25
6.25
5.29
10.0
8.33
8.33
6.63
5.88
5.88
5.03
4.39
8.82
7.50
7.50
6.57
7.50
6.25
6.25
6.82
5.77
5.77
6.50
5.36
4.44
4.09
cm
3.33
3.43
3.41
3.70
3.01
3.89
3.21
4.07
3.68
3.90
4.85
6.13
5.10
5.19
5.15
4.04
4.09
4.05
5.90
6.03
5.96
5.95
4.92
4.72
4.66
7.79
7.95
7.84
7.79
7.79
6.39
6.17
6.08
6.33
7.99
7.63
7.55
9.66
9.27
9.18
11.7
11.4
11.3
11.4
STRUCTURAL TEES
y
x
x
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
200x400
225x200
225x300
250x200
250x300
300x200
300x300
350x300
400x300
450x300
kg/m
47.1
52.3
53.4
70.0
73.3
84.1
85.8
98.4
116.0
142.0
207.0
302.0
33.1
37.5
38.0
53.0
60.4
61.8
39.7
44.1
44.8
51.5
57.1
62.5
64.2
47.3
51.7
52.8
59.8
67.0
68.5
73.5
75.6
87.3
83.0
90.9
92.4
95.6
103.0
105.0
105.0
120.0
141.0
152.0
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
1524
1728
1732
2480
2047
3052
2478
3652
3626
4380
7470
13250
1861
2142
2144
2341
2676
2681
2814
3187
3190
3650
3401
3607
3615
5127
5743
5749
6512
7288
6315
6668
6679
7892
11220
11960
11970
17590
18680
18690
25750
29030
34070
36650
cm4
3122
3602
3604
8129
9461
9977
11210
11900
15510
19680
30260
47180
790
935
936
3346
4053
4055
922
1069
1070
1290
3381
4053
4056
989
1137
1139
1360
1588
3834
4505
4509
5291
4511
5408
5411
4964
5860
5864
5137
6316
7827
8604
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm
5.04
5.09
5.05
5.27
4.68
5.34
4.76
5.40
4.95
4.93
5.32
5.87
6.65
6.70
6.66
5.89
5.90
5.84
7.45
7.54
7.47
7.46
6.84
6.73
6.65
9.23
9.34
9.25
9.24
9.24
8.51
8.44
8.33
8.43
10.3
10.2
10.1
12.0
11.9
11.8
13.9
13.8
13.8
13.8
cm3
95.5
108
108
158
123
193
148
229
213
250
414
706
108
124
124
133
149
149
149
168
168
189
177
183
183
233
261
259
289
319
278
287
286
338
422
437
436
588
608
607
785
863
994
1061
cm3
209
240
240
404
475
493
560
584
766
967
1451
2184
79.4
93.5
93.6
224
270
270
92.7
107
107
128
225
270
270
99.4
114
114
135
157
256
300
301
350
301
361
361
331
391
391
344
421
518
568
cm3
170
192
193
280
226
346
276
414
410
504
863
1501
193
219
220
235
265
267
266
299
300
337
314
323
325
424
470
470
522
574
494
505
508
601
751
771
774
1053
1076
1078
1415
1541
1773
1892
cm3
318
365
367
619
720
755
850
897
1166
1470
2218
3362
123
145
145
343
412
414
145
166
167
201
348
412
415
158
179
181
214
249
396
461
464
542
468
555
558
518
605
608
539
659
811
889
cm
7.21
7.35
7.28
9.54
10.1
9.65
10.1
9.8
10.2
10.4
10.7
11.1
4.33
4.43
4.40
7.04
7.26
7.18
4.27
4.36
4.33
4.43
6.82
7.14
7.04
4.05
4.16
4.12
4.22
4.31
6.63
6.94
6.84
6.90
6.53
6.83
6.78
6.39
6.67
6.62
6.20
6.43
6.59
6.67
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling Torsional
Parameter
Index
u
0.565
0.563
0.559
0.598
0.599
0.594
0.582
0.167
0.660
0.662
0.656
0.644
0.636
0.501
0.465
0.460
0.466
0.572
0.540
0.536
0.617
0.591
0.588
0.662
0.639
0.627
0.623
Torsional
Constant
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
Metric units
mm
200x300
Cx
Sectional
Area
x
J
A
12.9
12.3
11.6
11.3
10.5
9.62
9.11
8.38
7.04
5.83
4.27
3.21
18.2
16.8
16.1
13.5
12.5
11.7
17.6
16.7
15.8
13.8
14.7
14.0
13.0
19.9
19.2
18.0
15.9
14.2
16.1
15.6
14.4
12.8
17.2
15.7
15.0
18.4
17.0
16.3
21.1
17.9
15.1
14.0
cm4
39.9
49.7
56.7
77.7
96.8
131
151
205
356
657
1934
5488
19.1
25.7
28.4
51.9
70.5
81.6
30.3
37.9
42.8
65.7
58.8
71.5
85.8
41.1
48.5
56.3
83.2
118
86.2
99.3
120
178
130
171
191
170
220
243
180
289
488
616
cm2
60.0
66.6
68.0
89.2
93.4
107
109
125
148
180
264
385
42.1
47.7
48.4
67.5
76.9
78.7
50.6
56.1
57.1
65.6
72.8
79.6
81.8
60.2
65.9
67.2
76.2
85.3
87.2
93.6
96.2
111
106
116
118
122
132
134
133
153
180
194
67
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y
x
r
x
t
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
b
Imperial units
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
Bxd
mm
102x76
102x127
102x152
127x152
127x178
133x102
140x203
146x127
152x76
152x229
165x102
165x152
165x267
171x178
178x203
68
kg/m
6.70
8.93
11.91
11.00
12.60
14.20
12.40
14.10
16.40
18.50
21.00
24.00
16.50
19.50
12.50
15.00
19.50
23.00
15.60
18.50
21.50
11.50
15.00
18.50
26.20
29.90
33.60
34.23
37.10
41.00
17.86
20.83
19.35
20.10
22.32
23.10
26.04
27.00
32.74
37.20
42.41
22.50
25.50
28.50
33.50
27.10
30.00
33.60
37.10
42.41
Cut from
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
152x102
152x102
152x102
254x102
254x102
254x102
305x102
305x102
305x102
305x127
305x127
305x127
356x127
356x127
203x133
203x133
406x140
406x140
254x146
254x146
254x146
152x152
152x152
152x152
457x152
457x152
457x152
457x152
457x152
457x152
203x165
203x165
305x165
305x165
305x165
305x165
305x165
305x165
533x165
533x165
533x165
356x171
356x171
356x171
356x171
406x178
406x178
406x178
406x178
406x178
kg/m
13.4
17.9
23.8
22.0
25.0
28.0
25.0
28.0
33.0
37.0
42.0
48.0
33.0
39.0
25.0
30.0
39.0
46.0
31.0
37.0
43.0
23.0
30.0
37.0
52.0
60.0
67.0
68.5
74.0
82.0
35.7
41.7
38.7
40.0
44.6
46.0
52.1
54.0
65.5
74.4
84.8
45.0
51.0
57.0
67.0
54.0
60.0
67.0
74.0
84.8
Width
Of
Section
Depth
Of
Section
Thickness
Web
Flange
Root
Radius
B
d
t
T
r
mm
100.1
101.6
102.4
101.6
101.9
102.2
101.6
101.8
102.4
123.4
124.3
125.3
125.4
126.0
133.2
133.9
141.8
142.2
146.1
146.4
147.3
152.2
152.9
154.4
152.4
152.9
153.8
153.9
154.4
155.3
165.0
166.0
164.8
165.0
165.6
165.7
166.6
166.9
165.1
165.9
166.5
171.1
171.5
172.2
173.2
177.7
177.9
178.8
179.5
180.8
mm
74.9
76.6
79.8
126.9
128.5
130.1
152.5
154.3
156.3
152.1
153.5
155.4
174.4
176.6
101.5
103.3
198.9
201.5
125.6
127.9
129.7
76.1
78.7
80.8
224.8
227.2
228.9
229.4
230.9
232.8
100.7
102.4
155.2
151.6
156.7
153.2
158.8
155.1
262.4
264.5
267.5
175.6
177.4
178.9
181.6
201.2
203.1
204.6
206.3
208.7
mm
4.32
5.84
6.60
5.70
6.00
6.30
5.80
6.00
6.60
7.10
8.00
9.00
6.00
6.60
5.70
6.40
6.40
6.80
6.00
6.30
7.20
5.80
6.50
8.00
7.60
8.10
9.00
9.14
9.60
10.50
6.22
7.24
5.84
6.00
6.60
6.70
7.62
7.90
8.89
9.65
10.29
7.00
7.40
8.10
9.10
7.70
7.90
8.80
9.50
10.92
mm
5.46
7.11
10.29
6.80
8.40
10.00
7.00
8.80
10.80
10.70
12.10
14.00
8.50
10.70
7.80
9.60
8.60
11.20
8.60
10.90
12.70
6.80
9.40
11.50
10.90
13.30
15.00
15.37
17.00
18.90
10.16
11.81
9.65
10.20
11.18
11.80
13.21
13.70
11.43
13.59
16.51
9.70
11.50
13.00
15.70
10.90
12.80
14.30
16.00
18.16
mm
6.4
6.4
6.4
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
8.9
8.9
8.9
10.2
10.2
7.6
7.6
10.2
10.2
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
7.6
8.9
7.6
8.9
7.6
8.9
12.7
12.7
12.7
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Dimension
Cx
d/t
17.3
13.1
12.1
22.3
21.4
20.7
26.3
25.7
23.7
21.4
19.2
17.3
29.1
26.8
17.8
16.1
31.1
29.6
20.9
20.3
18.0
13.1
12.1
10.1
29.6
28.0
25.4
25.1
24.1
22.2
16.2
14.1
26.6
25.3
23.7
22.9
20.8
19.6
29.5
27.4
26.0
25.1
24.0
22.1
20.0
26.1
25.7
23.3
21.7
19.1
b/T
9.17
7.14
4.98
7.47
6.07
5.11
7.26
5.78
4.74
5.77
5.14
4.48
7.38
5.89
8.54
6.97
8.24
6.35
8.49
6.72
5.80
11.2
8.13
6.71
6.99
5.75
5.13
5.01
4.54
4.11
8.12
7.03
8.54
8.09
7.41
7.02
6.31
6.09
7.22
6.10
5.04
8.82
7.46
6.62
5.52
8.15
6.95
6.25
5.61
4.98
cm
1.58
1.72
1.72
3.45
3.32
3.24
4.43
4.20
4.14
3.78
3.87
3.94
4.56
4.44
2.10
2.11
5.32
5.02
2.66
2.55
2.64
1.39
1.41
1.53
6.04
5.84
5.91
5.92
5.88
5.96
1.76
1.87
3.16
3.03
3.22
3.07
3.31
3.21
7.58
7.44
7.24
4.05
3.94
3.97
4.00
4.83
4.64
4.73
4.76
4.93
STRUCTURAL TEES
y
y
Imperial units
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
mm
102x76
cm4
39.4
54.8
70.3
221
249
276
374
418
485
499
571
660
621
724
131
154
971
1117
259
292
343
58.5
72.3
93.2
1660
1871
2113
2161
2325
2589
147
176
485
467
560
535
664
641
2934
3317
3745
795
879
984
1152
1289
1391
1569
1733
2026
cm
2.14
2.19
2.14
3.97
3.94
3.91
4.86
4.83
4.81
4.60
4.62
4.64
5.43
5.39
2.86
2.84
6.26
6.17
3.61
3.52
3.54
2.00
1.94
1.99
7.06
7.01
7.03
7.03
7.02
7.04
2.54
2.57
4.44
4.27
4.44
4.27
4.46
4.32
8.37
8.36
8.33
5.27
5.21
5.21
5.19
6.11
6.03
6.06
6.06
6.12
cm3
6.67
9.22
11.2
23.9
26.1
28.2
34.5
37.2
42.2
43.6
49.7
56.9
48.2
54.7
16.2
18.7
66.7
73.8
26.1
28.5
33.2
9.41
11.2
14.2
101
111
124
127
135
149
17.7
21.0
39.3
38.5
45.0
43.7
52.8
52.1
157
174
192
58.8
63.7
70.7
81.4
84.3
88.8
99.8
109
127
cm3
9.14
12.3
18.0
11.8
14.6
17.5
12.1
15.3
19.0
27.3
31.3
36.8
22.4
28.4
23.1
28.7
28.9
37.9
30.6
39.0
46.0
26.3
36.7
45.7
42.3
52.0
59.4
60.9
67.8
76.3
46.2
54.3
43.7
46.3
51.2
54.1
61.2
63.7
52.2
62.7
76.7
47.4
56.5
64.4
78.7
57.5
67.6
76.4
86.1
99.2
cm3
11.8
16.5
20.6
44.3
46.9
50.4
63.3
69.1
75.8
77.9
88.9
102
87.2
98.1
28.7
33.5
123
132
46.0
50.7
59.5
16.9
20.9
27.1
187
199
223
227
242
267
32.4
39.0
68.8
67.7
79.1
77.2
93.6
92.8
288
319
347
104
113
125
145
150
157
177
194
226
cm3
14.0
18.9
27.7
18.5
22.9
27.3
19.3
24.1
29.9
42.5
49.0
57.8
34.9
44.3
35.4
44.0
45.2
58.8
46.9
59.6
70.4
40.0
55.7
69.6
66.4
81.2
93.0
95.5
106.2
119.9
70.0
82.5
66.8
70.7
78.2
82.6
93.8
97.6
82.9
99.4
121
73.0
86.8
99.1
121
89
104
118
133
154
102x127
102x152
127x152
127x178
133x102
140x203
146x127
152x76
152x229
165x102
165x152
165x267
171x178
178x203
x
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
Cx
kg/m
6.70
8.93
11.91
11.00
12.60
14.20
12.40
14.10
16.40
18.50
21.00
24.00
16.50
19.50
12.50
15.00
19.50
23.00
15.60
18.50
21.50
11.50
15.00
18.50
26.20
29.90
33.60
34.23
37.10
41.00
17.86
20.83
19.35
20.10
22.32
23.10
26.04
27.00
32.74
37.20
42.41
22.50
25.50
28.50
33.50
27.10
30.00
33.60
37.10
42.41
cm4
45.7
62.3
92.3
59.7
74.4
89.3
61.5
77.7
97.1
168
194
231
140
179
154
192
205
269
224
285
339
200
280
353
323
397
456
469
523
592
381
451
360
382
424
448
510
532
431
520
638
406
484
554
681
511
602
683
773
897
cm
2.30
2.33
2.46
2.07
2.16
2.23
1.97
2.08
2.15
2.67
2.70
2.74
2.58
2.68
3.10
3.17
2.87
3.03
3.36
3.48
3.52
3.70
3.83
3.87
3.11
3.23
3.27
3.28
3.33
3.37
4.08
4.12
3.82
3.86
3.86
3.91
3.91
3.93
3.21
3.31
3.44
3.76
3.86
3.91
3.99
3.85
3.97
4.00
4.04
4.07
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
J
A
13.1
10.2
7.67
18.2
15.7
13.8
21.8
18.7
15.8
14.9
13.3
11.7
21.1
17.6
12.8
10.8
23.8
19.5
14.8
12.2
10.6
10.4
8.00
6.67
22.0
18.8
16.8
16.5
15.1
13.7
9.63
8.43
16.9
15.5
14.8
13.6
12.7
11.8
23.5
20.6
17.8
18.4
16.1
14.4
12.2
19.2
16.9
15.2
13.8
12.3
cm4
0.841
1.87
4.64
2.06
3.20
4.77
2.37
3.69
6.08
7.36
10.5
15.8
4.38
7.53
2.97
5.13
5.33
9.49
4.26
7.65
11.9
2.30
5.24
9.54
10.7
16.9
23.8
25.4
32.9
44.5
7.22
11.2
6.22
7.35
9.49
11.1
15.4
17.3
16.0
23.7
36.8
7.90
11.9
16.6
27.8
11.5
16.6
23.0
31.3
46.0
cm2
8.64
11.5
15.3
14.0
16.0
18.0
15.8
17.9
20.9
23.6
26.7
30.6
21.1
24.9
16.0
19.1
24.8
29.3
19.8
23.6
27.4
14.6
19.1
23.5
33.3
38.1
42.8
43.7
47.2
52.3
22.8
26.6
24.7
25.7
28.4
29.4
33.3
34.4
41.9
47.4
54.0
28.7
32.4
36.3
42.7
34.5
38.3
42.8
47.2
54.1
0.662
0.628
0.606
0.701
0.681
0.656
0.606
0.606
0.602
0.654
0.632
0.673
0.633
0.375
0.230
0.198
0.678
0.648
0.646
0.645
0.636
0.634
0.434
0.392
0.427
0.379
0.422
0.388
0.704
0.692
0.672
0.546
0.521
0.514
0.499
0.587
0.561
0.561
0.555
0.559
Torsional
Constant
Sectional
Area
69
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y
x
r
x
t
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
b
Imperial units
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
Bxd
mm
178x305
191x229
203x102
203x127
203x152
210x267
229x305
254x127
254x178
254x343
267x381
70
kg/m
40.92
46.13
33.60
37.10
41.00
44.60
48.37
49.20
52.83
23.00
26.00
30.00
35.50
43.00
49.85
24.55
29.02
33.48
29.76
33.48
37.20
41.10
46.10
50.50
54.50
61.00
61.76
69.20
50.60
56.50
62.50
69.90
36.50
40.18
44.50
50.60
53.50
57.29
66.00
74.41
83.34
45.39
50.60
55.06
61.01
62.60
69.94
75.90
84.83
73.66
80.36
86.31
92.27
98.22
Cut from
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
610x178
610x178
457x191
457x191
457x191
457x191
457x191
457x191
457x191
203x203
203x203
203x203
203x203
203x203
203x203
254x203
254x203
254x203
305x203
305x203
305x203
533x210
533x210
533x210
533x210
533x210
533x210
533x210
610x229
610x229
610x229
610x229
254x254
254x254
254x254
254x254
254x254
254x254
254x254
254x254
254x254
356x254
356x254
356x254
356x254
686x254
686x254
686x254
686x254
762x267
762x267
762x267
762x267
762x267
kg/m
81.8
92.3
67.0
74.0
82.0
89.0
96.7
98.0
106
46.0
52.0
60.0
71.0
86.0
99.7
49.1
58.0
67.0
59.5
67.0
74.4
82.0
92.0
101
109
122
124
138
101
113
125
140
73
80
89
101
107
115
132
149
167
91
101
110
122
125
140
152
170
147
161
173
185
196
Width
Of
Section
Depth
Of
Section
Thickness
Web
Flange
Root
Radius
B
d
t
T
r
mm
177.9
178.8
189.9
190.4
191.3
191.9
192.8
192.8
193.9
203.6
204.3
205.8
206.4
209.1
210.3
202.2
202.8
203.7
203.3
204.3
205.2
208.8
209.3
210.0
210.8
211.9
212.2
213.9
227.6
228.2
229.0
230.2
254.6
254.8
256.3
257.3
258.8
258.8
261.3
262.6
264.5
253.9
254.9
255.8
257.3
253.0
253.7
254.4
255.8
265.4
266.1
266.6
267.1
267.8
mm
299.3
301.5
226.6
228.4
229.9
231.6
233.0
233.5
234.6
101.5
103.0
104.7
107.8
111.0
114.3
123.6
126.0
128.3
151.6
143.2
154.8
264.1
266.5
268.3
269.7
272.2
272.2
274.6
301.2
303.7
306.0
308.5
127.0
128.1
130.1
132.1
133.3
134.6
138.1
139.7
144.3
176.4
178.3
180.0
181.7
338.9
341.9
344.0
346.6
376.6
378.8
381.2
383.2
384.9
mm
10.03
10.92
8.50
9.00
9.90
10.50
11.43
11.40
12.57
7.20
7.90
9.40
10.00
12.70
14.48
7.37
8.00
8.89
7.49
8.51
9.40
9.60
10.10
10.80
11.60
12.70
18.08
14.73
10.50
11.10
11.90
13.10
8.60
9.40
10.30
11.94
12.80
13.46
15.30
17.27
19.18
9.53
10.54
11.43
12.95
11.70
12.45
13.08
14.48
13.21
13.84
14.35
14.86
15.62
mm
12.83
14.99
12.70
14.50
16.00
17.70
19.05
19.60
20.57
11.00
12.50
14.20
17.30
20.50
23.75
11.05
13.46
15.75
13.08
14.60
16.26
13.20
15.60
17.40
18.80
21.30
21.21
23.62
14.80
17.30
19.60
22.10
14.20
15.62
17.30
19.56
20.50
22.10
25.30
28.45
31.75
16.38
18.29
20.94
21.72
16.20
18.92
21.08
23.62
17.02
19.30
21.59
23.62
25.40
mm
12.7
12.7
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
12.7
12.7
12.7
15.2
15.2
15.2
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.5
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Dimension
Cx
d/t
29.8
27.6
26.7
25.4
23.2
22.1
20.4
20.5
18.7
14.1
13.0
11.1
10.8
8.74
7.89
16.8
15.8
14.4
20.2
16.8
16.5
27.5
26.4
24.8
23.3
21.4
15.1
18.6
28.7
27.4
25.7
23.5
14.8
13.6
12.6
11.1
10.4
10.0
9.03
8.09
7.52
18.5
16.9
15.8
14.0
29.0
27.5
26.3
23.9
28.5
27.4
26.6
25.8
24.6
b/T
6.93
5.96
7.48
6.57
5.98
5.42
5.06
4.92
4.71
9.25
8.17
7.25
5.97
5.10
4.43
9.15
7.53
6.47
7.77
7.00
6.31
7.91
6.71
6.03
5.61
4.97
5.00
4.53
7.69
6.60
5.84
5.21
8.96
8.16
7.41
6.58
6.31
5.86
5.16
4.62
4.17
7.75
6.97
6.11
5.92
7.81
6.70
6.03
5.41
7.80
6.89
6.17
5.65
5.27
cm
8.88
8.79
5.46
5.38
5.47
5.47
5.58
5.53
5.73
1.69
1.75
1.89
1.95
2.20
2.38
2.21
2.22
2.31
2.75
2.63
2.96
6.75
6.55
6.53
6.61
6.66
6.76
6.95
7.78
7.58
7.54
7.61
2.05
2.12
2.21
2.37
2.45
2.51
2.70
2.85
3.07
3.16
3.27
3.32
3.53
8.85
8.67
8.57
8.69
10.4
10.2
10.0
9.90
9.91
STRUCTURAL TEES
y
y
Imperial units
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
mm
178x305
191x229
203x102
203x127
203x152
210x267
229x305
254x127
254x178
254x178x55
254x343
267x381
x
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
Cx
kg/m
40.92
46.13
33.60
37.10
41.00
44.60
48.37
49.20
52.83
23.00
26.00
30.00
35.50
43.00
49.85
24.55
29.02
33.48
29.76
33.48
37.20
41.10
46.10
50.50
54.50
61.00
61.76
69.20
50.60
56.50
62.50
69.90
36.50
40.18
44.50
50.60
53.50
57.29
66.00
74.41
83.34
45.39
50.60
55.06
61.01
62.60
69.94
75.90
84.83
73.66
80.36
86.31
92.27
98.22
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
4818
5427
2028
2218
2468
2679
2937
2962
3252
177
200
244
281
373
452
321
368
427
599
568
778
3510
3870
4232
4591
5149
5240
5989
5666
6244
6880
7724
418
463
524
621
676
726
871
995
1193
1204
1358
1503
1712
8930
9906
10680
12010
13340
14440
15470
16410
17480
cm4
605
718
726
836
936
1045
1141
1174
1254
774
889
1032
1269
1564
1844
762
937
1111
918
1040
1173
1004
1195
1346
1472
1694
1690
1934
1458
1717
1966
2253
1954
2155
2429
2779
2964
3196
3766
4299
4904
2237
2527
2924
3088
2192
2581
2900
3305
2661
3041
3421
3763
4079
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm
9.60
9.61
6.89
6.85
6.87
6.86
6.90
6.88
6.95
2.45
2.46
2.53
2.49
2.61
2.67
3.20
3.16
3.16
3.97
3.69
4.05
8.19
8.12
8.11
8.13
8.14
8.18
8.24
9.38
9.32
9.29
9.31
3.00
3.01
3.04
3.10
3.15
3.15
3.22
3.24
3.35
4.56
4.59
4.55
4.70
10.6
10.5
10.5
10.5
11.9
11.9
11.8
11.8
11.8
cm3
229
254
118
127
141
151
166
166
183
20.9
23.4
28.4
31.8
41.9
50.0
31.7
35.5
40.5
48.3
48.6
62.1
179
193
208
225
250
193
292
254
274
298
332
39.2
43.3
48.6
57.3
62.2
66.3
78.4
89.5
105
83.2
93.2
102
117
357
388
414
463
489
522
550
577
612
cm3
68.0
80.3
76.5
87.8
97.8
109
118
122
129
76.1
87.0
100
123
150
175
75.4
92.4
109
90.3
102
114
96.2
114
128
140
160
159
181
128
151
172
196
154
169
190
216
229
247
288
327
371
176
198
229
240
173
204
228
258
201
229
257
282
305
cm3
419
465
209
225
250
269
295
296
327
39.0
44.5
54.4
63.6
84.6
103
57.0
65.4
76.2
86.7
88.6
113
320
343
371
401
446
449
522
456
489
531
592
74.1
82.8
94.1
112
122
132
159
185
219
150
170
189
215
643
695
738
825
892
944
990
1035
1095
cm3
109
128
118
136
152
169
184
189
202
115
132
152
187
228
267
114
140
166
137
155
174
150
177
199
217
249
259
284
200
234
267
305
232
256
287
328
348
375
438
499
566
268
302
348
366
270
317
355
403
315
359
402
441
477
cm
3.40
3.50
4.12
4.20
4.23
4.29
4.30
4.33
4.32
5.14
5.18
5.20
5.30
5.34
5.39
4.93
5.03
5.10
4.92
4.99
4.98
4.38
4.51
4.57
4.60
4.67
4.65
4.68
4.76
4.89
4.97
5.03
6.48
6.50
6.55
6.57
6.59
6.62
6.69
6.74
6.79
6.22
6.26
6.34
6.31
5.24
5.38
5.47
5.53
5.32
5.45
5.57
5.65
5.70
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
J
A
24.2
21.5
18.9
16.9
15.5
14.1
13.2
12.9
12.2
8.86
7.92
7.04
5.96
5.11
4.51
10.7
9.12
7.96
11.4
9.56
9.40
20.8
18.3
16.6
15.5
13.8
13.8
12.5
21.6
19.0
17.1
15.3
8.63
7.91
7.24
6.47
6.20
5.80
5.17
4.61
4.24
10.7
9.71
8.57
8.30
22.0
19.4
17.7
16.0
22.8
20.8
19.1
17.7
16.6
cm4
24.5
35.4
18.5
25.8
34.5
45.2
56.7
60.5
72.2
11.0
15.8
23.5
40.0
68.1
105
12.1
20.3
31.4
19.8
27.0
37.0
25.7
37.7
50.3
63.0
88.9
90.8
125
38.3
55.5
76.9
108
28.8
37.9
51.1
73.9
85.9
106
159
225
312
45.6
62.7
91.1
105
57.9
83.7
110
152
78.1
103
133
166
202
cm2
52.2
58.8
42.7
47.3
52.2
56.9
61.6
62.6
67.2
29.4
33.1
38.2
45.2
54.8
63.5
31.3
37.0
42.8
38.0
41.8
47.4
52.3
58.7
64.3
69.4
77.7
78.7
88.2
64.4
72.0
79.7
89.1
46.5
51.1
56.6
64.5
68.2
73.0
84.1
94.6
106
57.8
64.5
72.7
77.6
79.7
89.2
96.9
108
93.8
102
110
118
125
0.716
0.708
0.597
0.583
0.583
0.576
0.579
0.573
0.583
0.634
0.613
0.606
0.605
0.600
0.599
0.609
0.644
0.626
0.617
0.613
0.651
0.635
0.624
0.623
0.680
0.667
0.654
0.645
0.641
Torsional
Constant
Sectional
Area
71
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y
x
r
x
t
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
b
Imperial units
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
Bxd
mm
279x229
292x419
305x152
305x305
305x457
305x508
312x267
324x305
356x343
368x178
72
kg/m
56.55
64.00
72.18
78.87
88.55
87.80
96.70
104.9
113.1
48.40
53.57
58.90
64.73
68.50
71.43
79.00
89.29
101.2
113.1
126.5
141.4
74.60
89.50
100.5
111.6
119.1
126.5
135.4
144.4
156.3
111.0
124.0
136.0
157.0
175.0
75.15
82.59
90.78
98.22
109.4
77.38
87.06
97.47
108.6
120.5
109.0
120.0
132.0
66.97
73.66
81.10
89.29
98.22
Cut from
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
457x279
457x279
457x279
457x279
457x279
838x292
838x292
838x292
838x292
305x305
305x305
305x305
305x305
305x305
305x305
305x305
305x305
305x305
305x305
305x305
305x305
610x305
610x305
914x305
914x305
914x305
914x305
914x305
914x305
914x305
1016x305
1016x305
1016x305
1016x305
1016x305
533x312
533x312
533x312
533x312
533x312
610x324
610x324
610x324
610x324
610x324
686x356
686x356
686x356
356x368
356x368
356x368
356x368
356x368
kg/m
113
128
144
158
177
176
193
210
226
97
107
118
129
137
143
158
179
202
226
253
283
149
179
201
223
238
253
271
289
313
222
248
272
314
350
150
165
182
196
219
155
174
195
217
241
218
240
264
134
147
162
179
196
Width
Of
Section
Depth
Of
Section
Thickness
Web
Flange
Root
Radius
B
d
t
T
r
mm
280.3
281.7
283.1
284.5
286.1
291.6
292.4
293.0
293.8
305.3
305.8
307.4
308.0
309.2
308.9
311.2
312.9
315.0
317.0
319.3
321.8
304.8
307.1
303.5
304.2
304.8
305.6
306.7
307.7
309.4
300.0
300.0
300.0
300.0
302.0
312.2
313.4
314.7
316.0
317.8
323.9
325.1
326.5
327.7
329.1
355.0
356.0
358.0
368.8
370.0
371.0
372.6
374.0
mm
231.3
232.6
236.1
237.9
240.9
417.3
420.2
422.9
425.3
153.9
155.6
157.2
159.1
160.2
161.4
163.5
166.6
170.3
174.1
178.2
182.6
306.1
310.0
451.5
455.3
457.3
459.4
461.4
463.4
466.0
485.0
490.0
495.0
500.0
504.0
271.3
273.2
275.3
277.2
280.2
305.6
308.1
310.9
314.2
317.5
348.0
350.0
353.0
178.1
179.8
181.9
183.9
186.2
mm
10.80
12.19
13.59
14.99
16.64
13.97
14.73
15.37
16.13
9.90
10.92
12.00
13.08
13.80
13.97
15.80
18.03
20.07
22.10
24.38
26.92
11.80
14.10
15.24
15.88
16.51
17.27
18.42
19.43
21.08
16.00
16.50
16.50
19.10
21.10
12.70
13.97
15.24
16.51
18.29
12.70
13.97
15.37
16.51
17.91
15.40
16.80
18.40
11.28
12.32
13.34
14.99
16.38
mm
17.27
19.56
22.10
23.88
26.92
18.80
21.72
24.38
26.80
15.40
17.02
18.70
20.57
21.70
22.86
25.00
28.07
31.75
35.56
39.62
44.07
19.70
23.60
20.07
23.88
25.91
27.94
29.97
32.00
34.54
21.10
26.00
31.00
35.90
40.00
20.32
22.22
24.38
26.29
29.21
19.05
21.59
24.38
27.69
30.99
24.80
27.40
30.20
18.03
19.81
21.84
23.88
26.16
mm
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
16.5
16.5
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Dimension
Cx
d/t
21.4
19.1
17.4
15.9
14.5
29.9
28.5
27.5
26.4
15.5
14.2
13.1
12.2
11.6
11.6
10.3
9.24
8.49
7.88
7.31
6.78
25.9
22.0
29.6
28.7
27.7
26.6
25.0
23.8
22.1
30.3
29.7
30.0
26.2
23.9
21.4
19.6
18.1
16.8
15.3
24.1
22.1
20.2
19.0
17.7
22.6
20.8
19.2
15.8
14.6
13.6
12.3
11.4
b/T
8.12
7.20
6.40
5.96
5.31
7.76
6.73
6.01
5.48
9.91
8.98
8.22
7.49
7.12
6.76
6.22
5.57
4.96
4.46
4.03
3.65
7.74
6.51
7.56
6.37
5.88
5.47
5.12
4.81
4.48
7.11
5.77
4.84
4.18
3.78
7.68
7.05
6.45
6.01
5.44
8.50
7.53
6.70
5.92
5.31
7.16
6.50
5.93
10.2
9.34
8.49
7.80
7.15
cm
4.58
4.69
4.84
5.00
5.15
11.3
11.1
10.9
10.8
2.50
2.60
2.69
2.79
2.86
2.88
3.04
3.25
3.44
3.64
3.86
4.11
6.45
6.69
12.6
12.1
12.0
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.4
13.9
13.2
12.5
12.9
13.1
5.53
5.66
5.78
5.91
6.08
6.59
6.65
6.73
6.75
6.85
7.49
7.59
7.74
2.80
2.89
2.98
3.14
3.27
STRUCTURAL TEES
y
y
Imperial units
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
mm
279x229
292x419
305x152
305x305
305x457
305x508
312x267
324x305
356x343
368x178
x
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
Cx
kg/m
56.55
64.00
72.18
78.87
88.55
87.80
96.70
104.9
113.1
48.40
53.57
58.90
64.73
68.50
71.43
79.00
89.29
101.2
113.1
126.5
141.4
74.60
89.50
100.5
111.6
119.1
126.5
135.4
144.4
156.3
111.0
124.0
136.0
157.0
175.0
75.15
82.59
90.78
98.22
109.4
77.38
87.06
97.47
108.6
120.5
109.0
120.0
132.0
66.97
73.66
81.10
89.29
98.22
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
2987
3387
3902
4340
4938
19410
21260
22890
24560
858
965
1080
1205
1287
1330
1533
1807
2107
2434
2824
3288
7397
9026
26340
28940
30670
32610
35080
37400
40900
33450
36990
39550
46440
52090
5599
6221
6881
7532
8506
7854
8815
9904
10970
12200
14010
15430
17180
1530
1701
1887
2152
2408
cm4
3172
3647
4184
4589
5262
3897
4539
5126
5681
3655
4059
4530
5013
5351
5620
6285
7175
8282
9455
10770
12260
4655
5705
4693
5621
6135
6668
7233
7800
8564
4782
5886
7011
8125
9239
5158
5707
6341
6924
7827
5400
6189
7081
8132
9220
9258
10320
11570
7540
8366
9299
10300
11410
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm
6.44
6.45
6.51
6.57
6.61
13.2
13.1
13.1
13.0
3.73
3.76
3.79
3.82
3.84
3.82
3.90
3.99
4.04
4.11
4.18
4.27
8.82
8.90
14.3
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.3
14.3
15.4
15.3
15.1
15.2
15.3
7.64
7.68
7.71
7.76
7.81
8.92
8.92
8.93
8.89
8.90
10.0
10.1
10.1
4.23
4.25
4.27
4.35
4.39
cm3
161
182
208
231
261
639
687
729
775
66.5
74.5
82.9
91.8
97.8
100
115
135
155
177
202
232
306
371
809
867
911
961
1031
1095
1195
965
1033
1070
1252
1398
259
287
316
345
388
328
365
407
445
490
513
563
624
102
113
124
141
157
cm3
226
259
296
323
368
267
310
350
387
239
265
295
326
346
364
404
459
526
597
674
762
305
372
309
370
403
436
472
507
554
319
392
467
542
612
330
364
403
438
493
333
381
434
496
560
522
580
646
409
452
501
553
610
cm3
284
323
371
414
470
1163
1239
1307
1385
123
139
156
175
188
195
225
266
311
361
419
488
538
656
1477
1565
1639
1727
1852
1965
2146
1778
1953
1921
2251
2512
457
508
562
616
695
576
643
719
790
874
904
996
1106
190
212
236
271
305
cm3
345
396
453
495
566
419
486
547
604
362
402
447
494
525
552
614
698
802
910
1030
1166
468
571
487
580
631
685
741
798
875
504
617
729
850
964
505
558
618
673
759
511
584
667
763
862
801
891
995
618
684
759
838
926
cm
6.64
6.69
6.74
6.76
6.82
5.90
6.06
6.18
6.27
7.70
7.72
7.77
7.80
7.83
7.86
7.90
7.94
8.02
8.09
8.17
8.25
7.00
7.07
6.05
6.28
6.36
6.43
6.47
6.51
6.55
5.82
6.10
6.36
6.37
6.45
7.33
7.36
7.40
7.44
7.49
7.39
7.47
7.55
7.66
7.74
8.17
8.22
8.29
9.39
9.43
9.48
9.51
9.55
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
J
A
13.9
12.4
11.1
10.3
9.22
23.3
20.8
19.0
17.5
9.64
8.81
8.09
7.44
7.09
6.79
6.25
5.63
5.06
4.60
4.20
3.84
16.4
13.8
23.5
20.7
19.3
18.1
17.0
16.0
14.9
23.1
20.1
17.6
15.4
14.0
13.9
12.8
11.7
10.9
9.92
16.8
15.0
13.4
12.0
10.8
14.8
13.5
12.3
9.63
8.83
8.09
7.45
6.86
cm4
58.8
85.0
122
155
220
110
153
201
256
45.5
60.8
80.3
106
124
142
188
267
384
535
736
1010
99.8
170
145
210
257
312
383
460
580
191
287
412
625
851
108
142
186
234
320
98.0
139
197
279
384
227
303
404
84.6
111
148
195
255
cm2
72.0
81.5
92.1
100
113
112
124
134
144
61.72
68.17
75.09
82.47
87.20
90.96
101
114
129
144
161
180
95.0
114
128
143
152
161
173
184
199
141
158
173
200
222
96.0
105
116
125
139
98.8
111
124
139
154
139
153
168
85.5
94.0
103
114
125
0.675
0.659
0.647
0.639
0.483
0.484
0.688
0.666
0.659
0.654
0.654
0.652
0.653
0.701
0.689
0.648
0.651
0.651
0.320
0.325
0.322
0.325
0.326
0.469
0.461
0.455
0.439
0.431
0.475
0.472
0.471
-
Torsional
Constant
Sectional
Area
73
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y
x
r
x
t
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
y
b
Imperial units
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
Bxd
mm
381x381
400x419
406x178
406x508
419x457
457x508
74
kg/m
129.0
142.0
157.0
150.0
165.0
179.0
107.9
118.3
131.0
143.6
157.0
173.4
191.2
211.0
232.0
255.0
276.0
296.0
317.0
339.0
372.0
129.0
148.0
160.0
186.0
206.0
171.0
182.0
194.0
209.0
224.0
143.0
164.0
182.0
199.0
222.0
244.0
Cut from
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
762x381
762x381
762x381
838x400
838x400
838x400
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
356x406
1016x406
1016x406
1016x406
1016x406
1016x406
914x419
914x419
914x419
914x419
914x419
1016x457
1016x457
1016x457
1016x457
1016x457
1016x457
kg/m
258
284
314
300
330
358
216
237
262
287
314
347
382
422
464
510
552
592
634
678
744
258
296
320
372
412
342
364
388
418
448
286
328
364
398
444
488
Width
Of
Section
Depth
Of
Section
Thickness
Web
Flange
Root
Radius
B
d
t
T
r
mm
381.0
382.0
384.0
400.0
401.0
403.0
393.7
395.4
397.5
399.0
401.3
403.6
406.3
409.0
412.0
416.0
418.0
421.0
424.0
428.0
432.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
402.0
418.0
419.0
420.0
422.0
423.0
450.0
450.0
450.0
451.0
453.0
455.0
mm
387.0
390.0
393.0
428.0
431.0
434.0
187.7
190.2
193.3
188.7
199.6
203.7
208.0
213.0
217.0
223.0
228.0
232.0
237.0
242.0
249.0
485.0
491.0
495.0
500.0
504.0
456.0
458.0
461.0
464.0
467.0
485.0
491.0
496.0
500.0
504.0
508.0
mm
16.60
18.00
19.70
18.20
19.70
21.10
17.27
18.92
21.08
22.61
24.89
27.18
29.84
32.80
35.80
39.10
42.00
45.00
47.60
51.20
55.60
16.50
16.50
16.50
19.10
21.10
19.30
20.30
21.30
22.50
24.00
18.00
18.00
18.00
19.10
21.10
23.10
mm
27.10
30.10
33.40
29.20
32.40
35.60
27.69
30.23
33.27
36.58
39.62
43.69
48.01
52.60
57.40
62.70
67.60
72.30
77.10
81.50
88.90
21.10
27.10
31.00
36.10
40.00
32.00
34.30
36.60
39.90
42.70
21.10
27.10
32.00
35.90
40.00
43.90
mm
17.0
17.0
17.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Dimension
Cx
d/t
23.3
21.7
19.9
23.5
21.9
20.6
10.9
10.1
9.17
8.35
8.02
7.49
6.97
6.49
6.06
5.70
5.43
5.16
4.98
4.73
4.48
29.4
29.8
30.0
26.2
23.9
23.6
22.6
21.6
20.6
19.5
26.9
27.3
27.6
26.2
23.9
22.0
b/T
7.03
6.35
5.75
6.85
6.19
5.66
7.11
6.54
5.97
5.45
5.06
4.62
4.23
3.89
3.59
3.32
3.09
2.91
2.75
2.63
2.43
9.48
7.38
6.45
5.54
5.03
6.53
6.11
5.74
5.29
4.95
10.7
8.30
7.03
6.28
5.66
5.18
cm
8.41
8.50
8.63
9.62
9.70
9.76
3.28
3.43
3.63
3.63
3.98
4.20
4.45
4.73
4.98
5.30
5.58
5.84
6.10
6.39
6.79
12.4
11.4
10.9
11.2
11.4
10.2
10.2
10.3
10.3
10.5
12.2
11.2
10.6
10.5
10.8
11.0
STRUCTURAL TEES
y
y
Imperial units
Designation
Serial
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
mm
381x381
400x419
406x178
406x508
419x457
457x508
x
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
x
Cx
kg/m
129.0
142.0
157.0
150.0
165.0
179.0
107.9
118.3
131.0
143.6
157.0
173.4
191.2
211.0
232.0
255.0
276.0
296.0
317.0
339.0
372.0
129.0
148.0
160.0
186.0
206.0
171.0
182.0
194.0
209.0
224.0
143.0
164.0
182.0
199.0
222.0
244.0
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
20680
22840
25380
30210
33240
36230
2602
2922
3353
3305
4230
4828
5542
6419
7280
8480
9591
10680
11910
13430
15630
37390
40850
42850
50380
56440
38770
41230
43990
47320
51060
41160
44940
47640
51900
58190
64590
cm4
12510
14000
15790
15600
17440
19450
14090
15580
17430
19380
21360
23970
26870
30040
33520
37700
41250
45090
49130
53440
59970
11290
14490
16570
19300
21710
19510
21070
22640
25040
26990
16070
20620
24340
27490
31040
34530
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
cm
11.2
11.2
11.3
12.6
12.6
12.6
4.35
4.40
4.48
4.27
4.60
4.68
4.77
4.89
4.97
5.11
5.23
5.32
5.43
5.58
5.74
15.1
14.7
14.5
14.6
14.7
13.3
13.3
13.4
13.3
13.4
15.0
14.7
14.4
14.3
14.3
14.4
cm3
683
749
827
910
995
1077
168
187
214
217
265
299
339
387
436
499
557
615
677
754
863
1035
1082
1109
1299
1449
1095
1159
1229
1312
1411
1134
1186
1221
1316
1468
1623
cm3
657
733
822
780
870
965
716
788
877
971
1065
1188
1323
1469
1627
1813
1974
2142
2317
2497
2776
564
724
828
965
1080
934
1006
1078
1187
1276
714
916
1082
1219
1371
1518
cm3
1204
1324
1468
1607
1760
1910
331
374
430
452
547
626
719
829
942
1087
1221
1356
1501
1669
1920
1867
1920
1959
2301
2573
1936
2052
2179
2331
2513
2039
2098
2152
2323
2601
2885
cm3
1008
1127
1266
1201
1341
1490
1085
1196
1332
1475
1620
1809
2017
2243
2487
2774
3024
3284
3556
3838
4271
876
1116
1272
1486
1668
1437
1549
1662
1830
1971
1106
1410
1658
1868
2104
2334
cm
8.73
8.80
8.88
9.04
9.12
9.22
10.1
10.2
10.2
10.3
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.8
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.2
8.28
8.77
9.01
9.03
9.10
9.46
9.53
9.58
9.70
9.73
9.39
9.93
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.5
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
J
A
15.2
13.8
12.5
15.6
14.2
13.0
6.51
6.01
5.52
4.85
4.73
4.36
4.02
3.73
3.45
3.22
3.04
2.87
2.73
2.62
2.45
22.7
19.1
17.1
14.9
13.6
15.1
14.2
13.4
12.4
11.7
22.1
18.7
16.4
14.8
13.4
12.4
cm4
319
429
581
427
572
747
315
410
548
719
923
1233
1638
2157
2806
3671
4593
5633
6825
8154
10580
230
377
512
790
1064
592
718
861
1094
1334
269
435
632
858
1173
1540
cm2
164
181
200
191
210
229
138
151
167
181
200
221
244
269
295
324
351
377
404
432
474
165
189
204
237
262
218
232
247
266
285
182
209
231
254
283
311
0.497
0.493
0.489
0.532
0.528
0.522
0.632
0.585
0.560
0.563
0.564
0.533
0.529
0.527
0.520
0.521
0.607
0.556
0.521
0.510
0.510
0.511
Torsional
Constant
Sectional
Area
75
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
76
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
BEARING PILES
74
Bearing Piles
General
BEARING PILES
The section sizes of bearing piles are given in the tables on the following pages.
Bearing piles are different from universal beams and columns because the flange and
the web thickness are approximately equal and the height and the width are almost the
same.
Figure 6 – Bearing Piles: Section shape
The standard specifications used for production of bearing piles in this region are listed
in this table.
Material
AS 3679.1 (1996)
Grade 250
Grade 300
Grade 350
Yield strength
2
N/mm
Tensile strength Min. Elongation Min. Charpy VDimensions
2
notch. Temp. 20°C & Tolerances
N/mm
L0=5.65 S0
12mm 12-40 40mm
260
300
360
ASTM A36 (2001)
ASTM A572 (2001)
Grade 42
Grade 50
Grade 60
Grade 65
ASTM A913 (2001)
Grade 50
250
300
340
230
300
330
min. 410
min. 430
min. 480
22 %
22 %
20 %
27J
27J
27J
min. 250
400-550
20-21 %
-
min. 290
min. 345
min. 415
min. 450
min. 415
min. 450
min. 520
min. 550
20+24 %
18-21 %
16-18 %
15-17 %
-
min. 345
min. 450
18-21 %
-
min. 550
15-17 %
-
430-580
490-640
3-100mm
22 %
20 %
27J
10<t150mm
410-560
490-630
500-660
530-720
17-22 %
17-22 %
19 %
17 %
27J
27J
27J
27J
t<100mm
400-510
490-610
min 540
t<100mm
17-24 %
15-21 %
13-17 %
-
400-510
490-610
490-610
520-640
18-24 %
17-23 %
15-21 %
15-21 %
-
Grade 65
min. 450
BS 4360 (1986) (superseded)
Grade 43A
min. 275
Grade 50B
min. 355
EN 10025 (2004)
16mm 16-40 40mm
S275JR
S355JR
S420N
S460N
JIS 3101 (1995)
SS400
SS490
SS540
JIS 3106 (1995)
SM400A, B
SM490A, B
SM490YA, YB
SM520B
275
355
420
460
265
345
400
440
255
335
390
430
16mm 16-40 40mm
245
235
215
285
275
255
400
390
16mm 16-40 40mm
245
325
365
365
235
315
355
355
215
295
335
335
AS 3679.1
(1996)
ASTM A6
(1997)
BS 4 Part 1
(1993)
(superseded)
EN 10034
(1993)
JIS 3192 (1994)
Table 12 – Bearing Piles: Standard specifications
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
77
BEARING PILES
Bearing Piles
B
r
n
t
D
N
d
T
C
b
Metric units
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
DxD
Width
Of
Section
Root
Depth
Radius Between
Web
Fillet
Thickness
Flange
Area
Of
Section
Ratios For
Local Buckling
Flange
Web
BEARING PILES
D
B
T
t
r
d
A
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm2
200x200
56.2
200
204
12
12
13
150
71.5
8.50
250x250
63.8
244
252
11
11
13
196
81.3
11.5
64.4
244
252
11
11
16
190
82.1
11.5
17.3
8
131
27
82.2
250
255
14
14
16
190
105
9.11
13.6
9
131
30
83.4
294
302
12
12
13
244
106
12.6
20.3
8
155
25
84.5
294
302
12
12
18
234
108
12.6
19.5
8
155
30
106
300
305
15
15
18
234
135
10.2
15.6
10
155
33
142
310
310
20
20
18
234
181
7.75
11.7
12
155
38
105
338
351
13
13
13
286
133
13.5
22.0
9
179
26
106
338
351
13
13
20
272
135
13.5
20.9
9
179
33
129
344
354
16
16
13
286
165
11.1
17.9
10
179
29
131
344
354
16
16
20
272
167
11.1
17.0
10
179
36
154
350
357
19
19
13
286
196
9.39
15.1
12
179
32
156
350
357
19
19
20
272
198
9.39
14.3
12
179
39
140
388
402
15
15
22
314
178
13.4
20.9
10
204
37
168
394
405
18
18
22
314
214
11.3
17.4
11
204
40
197
400
408
21
21
22
314
251
9.71
15.0
13
204
43
235
408
412
25
25
22
314
300
8.24
12.6
15
204
47
350x350
400x400
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
b/T
d/t
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Notch
Clearance
mm
300x300
78
Depth
Of
Section
C
N
n
mm
mm
mm
12.5
8
106
25
17.8
8
131
24
BEARING PILES
y
x
x
y
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
Surface
Area
Per
Metre
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
H
J
cm4
14.3
0.150
39.6
0.828
19.5
0.399
37.1
358
0.829
19.0
0.399
39.5
1039
468
0.827
15.4
0.540
79.0
365
1260
558
0.829
21.9
1.10
56.3
365
1277
560
0.831
21.1
1.10
61.4
1436
466
1614
716
0.829
17.4
1.44
116
7.42
1927
642
2199
992
0.828
13.4
2.09
271
14.4
8.39
1642
534
1822
815
0.827
23.5
2.48
81.4
14.4
8.33
1668
535
1851
818
0.829
22.5
2.48
90.3
34880
11840 14.6
8.48
2028
669
2269
1024
0.826
19.4
3.19
151
2.04
35330
11850 14.6
8.43
2054
669
2299
1027
0.828
18.7
3.19
164
2.07
42350
14430 14.7
8.57
2420
808
2730
1241
0.826
16.5
3.95
252
156
2.06
42800
14430 14.7
8.53
2446
809
2760
1244
0.827
16.1
3.95
270
140
2.32
48970
16260 16.6
9.55
2524
809
2802
1237
0.830
22.5
5.66
156
168
2.33
59720
19960 16.7
9.65
3031
986
3390
1511
0.828
19.2
7.05
264
197
2.35
70890
23810 16.8
9.75
3545
1167
3992
1794
0.828
16.7
8.55
415
235
2.38
86470
29200 17.0
9.87
4239
1418
4818
2185
0.827
14.2
10.7
694
kg/m
m2
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
200x200
56.2
1.17
4983
1702
8.35
4.88
498
167
565
257
0.826
250x250
63.8
1.45
8703
2938
10.3
6.01
713
233
797
357
64.5
1.45
8787
2939
10.3
5.98
720
233
805
82.2
1.46
11480
3877
10.5
6.09
919
304
83.4
1.75
16640
5514
12.5
7.20
1132
84.5
1.74
16870
5517
12.5
7.16
1147
106
1.76
21540
7106
12.6
7.26
142
1.79
29870
9955
12.9
105
2.03
27740
9377
106
2.02
28190
9381
129
2.05
131
154
350x350
400x400
Torsional
Constant
dm6
mm
300x300
Warping
Constant
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
BEARING PILES
Metric units
79
BEARING PILES
Bearing Piles
B
r
n
t
D
N
d
T
C
b
Imperial units
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
DxB
in (mm)
kg/m
Width
Thickness
Of
Section Flange Web
Root
Depth
Radius Between
Fillet
Area
Ratios For
Of
Local Buckling
Section Flange
Web
D
B
T
t
r
d
A
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm2
b/T
d/t
Dimensions For Detailing
End
Notch
Clearance
C
N
n
mm
mm
mm
8x8
30
44.9
200.2
205.9
9.5
9.5
10.2
160.8
57.2
10.8
16.9
7
108
20
(203x203)
36
53.9
204.0
207.7
11.4
11.3
10.2
160.8
68.7
9.11
14.2
8
108
22
BEARING PILES
10x10
42
63.0
247.1
256.6
10.7
10.6
12.7
200.3
80.2
12.0
18.9
7
133
23
(254x254)
48
71.0
249.7
258.0
12
12
12.7
200.3
90.4
10.8
16.7
8
133
25
57
85.1
254.3
260.4
14.3
14.4
12.7
200.3
108
9.10
13.9
9
133
27
12x12
53
78.9
299.3
306.4
11.1
11
15.2
246.7
100
13.8
22.4
8
158
26
(305x305)
59
88.0
301.7
307.8
12.3
12.4
15.2
246.7
112
12.5
19.9
8
158
28
63
93.0
303.3
308.0
13.1
13.1
15.2
246.7
119
11.8
18.8
9
157
28
64
94.9
303.7
308.7
13.3
13.3
15.2
246.7
121
11.6
18.5
9
158
29
74
110.0
307.9
310.7
15.4
15.3
15.2
246.7
140
10.1
16.1
10
158
31
84
125.0
311.9
312.3
17.4
17.4
15.2
246.7
159
8.97
14.2
11
157
33
85
126.1
312.3
312.9
17.6
17.5
15.2
246.7
161
8.89
14.1
11
158
33
100
149.1
318.5
316.0
20.7
20.6
15.2
246.7
190
7.63
12.0
12
158
36
121
180.0
326.7
319.7
24.8
24.8
15.2
246.7
229
6.45
9.95
14
157
40
125
186.0
328.3
320.9
25.6
25.5
15.2
246.7
237
6.27
9.67
15
158
41
149
222.9
337.9
325.7
30.4
30.3
15.2
246.7
284
5.36
8.14
17
158
46
13x13
60
89.3
318.5
327.7
11.68
11.68
15.2
264.7
113
14.0
22.7
8
168
27
(330x330)
73
108.6
323.8
330.3
14.35
14.35
15.2
264.7
139
11.5
18.4
9
168
30
87
129.5
328.9
332.9
16.89
16.89
15.2
264.7
164
9.85
15.7
10
168
32
14x14 1/2
(356x368)
80
lb/ft
Depth
Of
Section
100
148.8
334.0
335.4
19.43
19.43
15.2
264.7
190
8.63
13.6
12
168
35
73
108.9
346.4
371.0
12.9
12.8
15.2
290.2
139
14.4
22.7
8
189
28
89
133.0
352.0
373.8
15.7
15.6
15.2
290.2
169
11.9
18.6
10
189
31
102
152.0
356.4
376.0
17.9
17.8
15.2
290.2
194
10.5
16.3
11
189
33
117
173.9
361.4
378.5
20.4
20.3
15.2
290.2
221
9.28
14.3
12
189
36
121
180.0
362.9
378.8
21.1
21.1
15.2
290.3
230
8.98
13.8
13
189
36
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
BEARING PILES
y
x
x
y
Designation
Mass
Size
Per
Metre
Surface
Area
Per
metre
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
in (mm)
lb/ft
kg/m
m2
cm4
cm4
Radius
Of
Gyration
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
cm
cm
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
u
x
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
H
J
dm6
cm4
19.2
8x8
30
44.9
1.19
4100
1384
8.46 4.92
410
134
459
206
0.827
18.6
0.126
(203x203)
36
53.9
1.20
5027
1705
8.55 4.98
493
164
557
252
0.827
15.8
0.158
32.7
10x10
42
63.0
1.48
8861
3016
10.5 6.13
717
235
799
360
0.827
20.5
0.421
34.3
(254x254)
48
71.0
1.49
10070
3439
10.6 6.17
807
267
904
409
0.826
18.4
0.486
48.4
57
85.1
1.50
12290
4216
10.6 6.24
966
324
1092
498
0.825
15.6
0.607
81.8
12x12
53
78.9
1.78
16450
5327
12.8 7.28
1099
348
1218
531
0.832
23.9
1.11
46.9
(305x305)
59
88.0
1.78
18430
5985
12.8 7.31
1221
389
1360
595
0.830
21.6
1.25
64.2
63
93.0
1.79
19690
6387
12.9 7.33
1298
415
1449
635
0.831
20.5
1.34
76.4
64
94.9
1.79
20050
6529
12.9 7.35
1320
423
1474
648
0.830
20.2
1.38
80.0
74
110.0
1.80
23560
7710
13.0 7.42
1531
496
1720
762
0.830
17.7
1.65
122
84
125.0
1.81
27040
8849
13.0 7.46
1734
567
1961
872
0.829
15.8
1.92
177
85
126.1
1.82
27410
9002
13.1 7.49
1755
575
1986
885
0.829
15.7
1.95
182
100
149.1
1.83
33070 10910 13.2 7.58
2076
691
2370 1066
0.828
13.5
2.42
295
121
180.0
1.86
40970 13550 13.4 7.69
2508
847
2897 1313
0.827
11.5
3.09
510
125
186.0
1.86
42610 14140 13.4 7.73
2596
881
3003 1366
0.827
11.1
3.24
560
149
222.9
1.89
52700 17580 13.6 7.87
3119
1079
3653 1680
0.826
9.55
4.16
943
13x13
60
89.3
1.90
20940
6857
13.6 7.79
1315
418
1457
639
0.830
24.3
1.61
57.9
(330x330)
73
108.6
1.91
26200
8628
13.7 7.88
1618
522
1808
800
0.829
20.1
2.07
106
171
14x14 1/2
(356x368)
87
129.5
1.93
31430 10400 13.8 7.96
1911
625
2151
959
0.828
17.3
2.53
100
148.8
1.94
36860 12240 13.9 8.03
2207
730
2502 1123
0.828
15.2
3.03
260
73
108.9
2.13
30630 10990 14.9 8.90
1769
592
1956
903
0.823
24.2
3.06
84.6
89
133.0
2.14
37980 13680 15.0 8.99
2158
732
2406 1119
0.822
20.1
3.87
151
102
152.0
2.16
43970 15880 15.1 9.05
2468
845
2767 1293
0.821
17.8
4.55
223
117
173.9
2.17
51010 18460 15.2 9.13
2823
976
3186 1497
0.821
15.8
5.37
330
121
180.0
2.17
53040 19140 15.2 9.13
2923
1011
3306 1552
0.821
15.3
5.59
367
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
BEARING PILES
Imperial units
81
BEARING PILES
82
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
HOT FINISHED ELLIPCON SECTIONS
80
Hot Finished Ellipcon Sections
General
Hot finished ellipcon sections are new and exciting section types. They come in two
shapes, one is an ellipse (ellipcon sections) and the other is half of an ellipse with one
flat side (semi ellipcon sections). Both shapes give the structures very outstanding
architectural looks, and the sections have many structural advantages.
ELLIPCON
The new elliptical sections are good alternatives to
traditional section types. They have all the properties of
the hot finished structural tubes, which are already used
in many construction works. In addition, the architects
are given full vent to expressing the structure in creative
and exciting architecture, and end up with something
both practical and aesthetic.
For structures with limited space these new sections
might provide smaller column footprints than other
design solutions, increasing the open floor area. Their
special shapes
both serve the structural purpose and give
continuity in the structure. For non-symmetric
load situations the sections might be more cost
efficient than circular or square hollow sections,
because the designer can choose sections with
different stiffness about the two axis, x and y.
As for other hollow
sections such as square,
rectangular and circular,
the ellipcon sections have constant external dimension within
the same serial size, only the thickness is increasing. In other
words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the
full height of the building, simplifying architectural details and
ensuring economy in fabrication (See “Hot Finished Hollow
Sections”).
The tubes are produced according to EN 10210 Part 1 (1994):
Technical delivery requirements for Hot finished hollow
sections, and Part 2 (1997): Tolerances,
dimensions and sectional properties. A
few points are not included in EN 10210:
- The tolerance on the twist = 4mm +1mm/m length
- The tolerance on the straightness = 0.40% of total length
- Section properties for the hot ellipcon sections are not included
in EN 10210.
The mechanical properties of the hollow sections, calculations
of torsional inertia constants and torsional modulus constants
are according to standards ISO/DIS 657-XIV.
Architect: S. Gresy
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
83
HOT FINISHED ELLIPCON SECTIONS
x
Ellipcon
t
b
y
y
x
h
Designation
Size
Thickness
Area
Of
Section
kg/m
A
cm2
Second
Moment
Of Inertia
Radius
Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Ix
Iy
rx
ry
Zx
Zy
Sx
Sy
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
Torsional
Constant
Surface
Area
Per
Metre
hxb
t
mm
mm
117x60
3.2
6.92
8.58
116
40.5
3.67
2.17
19.8
13.5
27.6
17.2
120
30.0
0.298
4
8.57
10.6
141
48.8
3.65
2.14
24.1
16.3
33.9
21.1
145
36.0
0.298
5
10.60
13.1
171
58.4
3.61
2.11
29.2
19.5
41.5
25.6
175
42.7
0.298
6
12.60
15.6
199
67.1
3.58
2.08
34.0
22.4
48.7
29.9
201
48.7
0.298
8
16.40
20.2
249
81.8
3.51
2.01
42.6
27.3
62.1
37.6
248
58.8
0.298
149x70
178x90
ELLIPCON
220x106
248x109
320x160
400x200
480x240
84
Mass
Per
Metre
J
cm4
C
cm3
m2/m
4
10.80
13.3
284
85.9
4.62
2.55
38.1
24.5
53.6
31.3
264
55.3
0.367
5
13.30
16.4
346
103
4.59
2.51
46.4
29.6
65.8
38.3
319
66.2
0.367
6
15.90
19.5
405
120
4.55
2.48
54.3
34.2
77.6
44.9
370
76.1
0.367
8
20.80
25.5
513
148
4.48
2.41
68.9
42.3
99.8
57.0
461
93.2
0.367
10
25.50
31.3
610
172
4.42
2.34
81.8
49.1
120
67.9
539
107
0.367
6
19.50
24.1
740
250
5.54
3.22
83.2
55.6
117
72.0
749
123
0.451
8
25.60
31.7
947
315
5.47
3.15
106
69.9
152
92.4
947
154
0.451
10
31.50
39.0
1136
371
5.40
3.09
128
82.4
184
111
1123
179
0.451
6
24.00
29.6
1388
438
6.85
3.85
126
82.7
177
106
1334
185
0.546
8
31.60
39.0
1790
556
6.78
3.78
163
105
231
137
1701
234
0.546
10
39.00
48.1
2163
662
6.71
3.71
197
125
282
165
2033
276
0.546
6
26.60
32.5
1903
519
7.65
4.00
153
95.3
217
121
1635
217
0.596
8
35.00
42.9
2461
661
7.58
3.93
198
121
283
157
2088
274
0.596
10
43.30
52.9
2983
788
7.51
3.86
241
145
346
190
2501
324
0.596
12
51.40
62.8
3472
901
7.44
3.79
280
165
406
221
2874
369
0.596
8
47.10
58.3
5877
1978
10.0
5.82
367
247
513
315
5928
553
0.807
10
58.40
72.3
7181
2393
9.97
5.75
449
299
631
385
7192
665
0.807
12
69.60
86.0
8422
2779
9.90
5.69
526
347
745
453
8375
769
0.807
14
80.50
99.4
9604
3137
9.83
5.62
600
392
855
517
9483
863
0.807
8
59.30
73.4
11690
3966
12.6
7.35
584
397
811
500
11860
890
1.01
10
73.60
91.1
14350
4829
12.5
7.28
717
483
1001
615
14470
1079
1.01
12
87.80
109
16910
5646
12.5
7.21
845
565
1186
726
16960
1257
1.01
14
102.00
126
19370
6416
12.4
7.14
968
642
1366
832
19320
1422
1.01
10
88.90
110
25170
8529
15.1
8.81
1049
711
1457
897
25510
1594
1.21
12
106.00
131
29750
10014
15.1
8.74
1240
835
1730
1062
30010
1865
1.21
14
123.00
152
34190
11432
15.0
8.67
1425
953
1997
1222
34320
2122
1.21
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
HOT FINISHED ELLIPCON SECTIONS
b
Semi Ellipcon
y
h
x
x
t
y
Mass
Per
Metre
Area
Of
Section
A
Ix
Iy
rx
ry
Zx
Zy
Sx
Sy
J
C
kg/m
cm2
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm4
cm3
m2/m
Second
Moment
Of Inertia
Radius
Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Torsional
Constant
Surface
Area
Per
Metre
hxb
t
mm
mm
60x60
3.5
5.15
6.56
29.9
26.9
2.14
2.03
8.57
8.97
12.9
12.0
48.5
15.9
39.0
4
5.82
7.41
33.2
30.0
2.12
2.01
9.56
9.99
14.1
13.5
54.5
17.7
34.4
5
7.12
9.07
39.2
35.5
2.08
1.98
11.4
11.8
16.2
16.2
65.7
20.8
28.0
6
8.35
10.6
44.3
40.3
2.04
1.95
13.0
13.4
17.9
18.7
75.9
23.5
23.7
4
7.40
9.43
68.0
61.1
2.69
2.54
15.5
16.3
23.6
21.7
109
29.0
34.0
5
9.09
11.6
81.1
73.1
2.65
2.51
18.7
19.5
27.6
26.3
133
34.5
27.5
6
10.70
13.7
92.9
84.1
2.61
2.48
21.6
22.4
31.0
30.6
155
39.4
23.2
75x75
90x90
110x110
125x125
160x160
180x180
203x223
225x259
8
13.80
17.6
113
103
2.53
2.42
26.6
27.4
35.9
38.3
195
47.7
17.9
4
8.98
11.4
121
109
3.25
3.08
22.9
24.1
35.4
31.9
193
43.1
33.7
5
11.10
14.1
146
131
3.21
3.05
27.8
29.1
42.0
38.8
235
51.8
27.2
6
13.10
16.7
168
152
3.18
3.02
32.3
33.7
47.7
45.4
276
59.6
22.9
8
17.00
21.6
207
188
3.10
2.95
40.4
41.8
56.8
57.5
350
73.3
17.6
4
11.10
14.1
227
203
4.01
3.79
35.0
36.9
54.9
48.4
358
66.4
33.5
5
13.70
17.5
275
247
3.97
3.76
42.7
44.9
65.8
59.3
439
80.3
27.0
6
16.30
20.7
320
288
3.93
3.73
49.9
52.3
75.7
69.8
517
93.1
22.7
8
21.20
27.0
401
362
3.86
3.66
63.2
65.8
92.2
89.2
663
116
17.3
5
15.70
20.0
412
369
4.54
4.30
55.9
59.0
87.2
77.6
651
106
26.9
6
18.60
23.0
481
431
4.50
4.26
65.6
69.0
101
91.4
769
123
22.5
8
24.30
31.0
607
546
4.42
4.20
83.6
87.4
124
118
991
155
17.2
10
29.80
38.0
717
649
4.35
4.13
99.9
104
143
142
1197
183
13.9
5
20.30
25.8
890
794
5.87
5.54
93.9
99.3
149
130
1390
179
26.7
6
24.20
30.8
1045
935
5.83
5.51
111
117
173
153
1647
210
22.3
8
31.70
40.4
1335
1198
5.75
5.45
143
150
218
199
2140
267
16.9
10
39.00
49.7
1598
1439
5.67
5.38
172
180
257
242
2606
319
13.7
6
27.30
34.8
1509
1348
6.59
6.22
142
150
224
196
2365
270
22.3
8
35.90
45.8
1938
1736
6.51
6.16
183
193
283
255
3083
345
16.9
10
44.30
56.4
2331
2095
6.43
6.09
222
233
336
311
3765
414
13.6
12
52.40
66.7
2692
2427
6.35
6.03
258
270
382
363
4413
477
11.5
6
32.60
41.5
2354
2448
7.53
7.68
196
220
299
287
3981
385
22.0
8
42.90
54.7
3037
3170
7.45
7.61
254
284
379
375
5220
497
16.7
10
53.00
67.5
3671
3849
7.37
7.55
310
345
449
459
6413
600
13.4
12
62.80
80.0
4258
4484
7.29
7.48
362
402
511
539
7559
697
11.3
6
37.20
47.4
3359
3759
8.41
8.90
251
290
383
380
5845
502
21.9
8
49.10
62.6
4350
4888
8.34
8.84
327
377
487
497
7683
650
16.6
10
60.80
77.4
5279
5957
8.26
8.77
400
460
582
611
9462
789
13.4
12
72.10
91.9
6148
6968
8.18
8.71
469
538
666
719
11180
919
11.2
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
ELLIPCON
Designation
Size
Thickness
85
ELLIPCON
86
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
84
Hot Finished Hollow Sections
General
Structural hollow sections make beautiful, efficient structures with a nice continuity.
The hot finished hollow sections - square, rectangular and circular, have constant
external dimension within the same serial size, and only the thickness is increasing. In
other words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the full height of the
building, only changing the thickness, simplifying architectural details and ensuring
economy in fabrication.
When used in compression, as columns, hollow sections are more efficient than other
column types. The resulting reduction in structural weight can be as much as 1 storey
for every 9 storeys built.
Due to their high sectional properties hollow sections provide smaller column footprints
than other design solutions, with increased floor area.
Added together these qualities give an efficient and economic structure.
It has long been the opinion among structural people that for low-rise buildings only
concrete will be economical, but with multi-storey hollow sections steel structures can
compete with concrete. Steel might be more expensive per metric ton, but with the
fabrication and erection time, a lighter structure, labour cost, and easy maintenance
taken into account, a steel structure might give the most economic design.
Specification
Grade
Min. Yield strength
JIS G 3444 (1994)
ASTM A501 (1996)
STK400
Shapes
Tensile strength
Charpy V-Notch Impact
N/mm
N/mm
Joules
°C
235
250
min. 400
min. 400
-
-
2
2
BS 4360 (1986)
43C
275
430-580
27
0
EN 10210 (1994)
S275J0H
275
430-580
27
0
BS 4360 (1986)
43D
275
430-580
27
-20
EN 10210 (1994)
S275J2H
275
430-580
27
-20
BS 4360 (1986)
ASTM A618 (1996)
JIS G 3444 (1994)
43EE
275
430-580
27
-50
Grade I & II
STK500
345
355
min. 485
min. 500
-
-
BS 4360 (1986)
50C
355
490-640
27
0
EN 10210 (1994)
S355J0H
355
510-680
27
0
BS 4360 (1986)
50D
355
490-640
27
-20
EN 10210 (1994)
S355J2H
355
510-680
27
-20
50EE
355
490-640
27
-50
Eqv. 50EE
360
490-630
100
-20
50
-60
27
0
BS 4360 (1986)
NORSEC 360 (1991)
JIS G 3444 (1994)
BS 4360 (1986)
Note:
STK540
55C
390
450
min. 540
550-700
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
Comparable specifications
The values are for sections of thickness less than 16mm for BS 4360 and less than 3mm for EN 10025.
BS 4360 (1986): an old, but well known British Standard for weldable structural steels.
EN 10210-1 (1994): European Norms superseding parts of the old BS 4360, see Explanatory notes.
ASTM A501 (1996): standard from American Society for Testing of Materials for hot formed welded and seamless
carbon steels structural tubing.
ASTM A618 (1996): standard from American Society for Testing of Materials for Hot-Formed welded and seamless
high-strength low-alloy structural tubing.
JIS G 3444 (1994): Japanese Industrial Standard for Carbon steel tubes for general structural purposes.
NORSEC 360 (1991): a steel product from British Steel for marine structures in the arctic regions.
Table 13 – Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
87
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
85
Product specifications
Production of hot finished Structural Hollow Sections has been standardised in EN
10210:1994: "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain
structural steels" Part 1, Grades S235, S275, S355, but other grades and sub-grades
can be supplied, subject to minimum order quantities. Our ex-stock material is
mainly of grade S355J2H. Dimensions, tolerances and sectional properties meet the
requirements of EN 10210:1997: "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy
and fine grain structural steels", Part 2.
Chemical composition
The chemical composition of hot finished hollow sections is given in EN 10210-1:
1994, Table A.1 and B.1.
When a carbon equivalent value (CEV) is required it shall be determined from the cast
analysis using the formula: CEV = C +
Mn (Cr + Mo + V ) ( Ni + Cu )
+
+
6
5
15
Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties for hot finished sections in accordance with EN 102101:1994, are summarised below.
Designation
Minimum Yield strength
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
ReH in N/mm
2
Tensile strength
Rm in N/mm
Min. elongation in %
2
L0=5.65(S0)
Nominal thickness in mm
16<t40 40<t65
t 16
2
2
2
2
Test
Impact
temp.
KV
C
J
Nominal thickness in mm
3<t65
t<3
1/2
2
t40
40<t65
Longitudinal
t40 40<t65
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
Transverse
S235JRH
235
225
215
360-510
340-470
26
25
24
23
20
27
S275J0H
275
265
255
430-580
410-560
22
21
20
19
0
27
-20
27
0
27
-20
27
S275J2H
S355J0H
355
345
335
510-680
490-630
22
21
20
19
S355J2H
Table 14 – Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties
Tensile test
The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are determined from standard test
pieces, which may be the full section of the product or longitudinal or transverse strip
specimen. The location of strip test pieces should be away from the weld, for circular
hollow sections, and midway between corners on a side not affected by the weld, for
square and rectangular hollow sections.
The requirements of EN 10002-1: "Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Method of test
(at ambient temperature)", shall apply.
Charpy V-notch impact test
The test pieces for impact testing shall be taken longitudinally or transverse from the
test object. The location of strip test pieces should be away from the weld, for circular
hollow sections, and midway between corners on a side not affected by the weld, for
square and rectangular hollow sections.
Where thickness permits, standard specimens 10x10mm in cross-section are cut
longitudinally or transverse from the section and a 2mm deep V-notch accurately
machined into one face. The specimens, in accordance with EN 10045-1: "Metallic
88
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
86
materials - Charpy impact test - Test method", are tested at the required temperature
according to grade.
If the nominal product thickness is not sufficient for the preparation of standard test
pieces (12mm), the test shall be carried out using test pieces of width less than
10mm, but not less than 5mm.
Manufacturing tolerances
Hot finished structural hollow sections are manufactured according to EN 10210: 1994,
Part 2, and the rolling tolerances are as shown in Table 15 below.
Characteristic
Circular hollow sections
Square and rectangular hollow
sections
Outside dimensions
±1% with a minimum of ±0.5mm and a
maximum of ±10mm
±1% with a minimum of ±0.5mm
Thickness (T)
-10%
Out-of-roundness (O)
Concavity/convexity
4)
1) 2)
-
2% for hollow sections having a diameter
3)
to thickness ratio not exceeding 100
-
1%
Squareness of side
-
90°±1°
External corner profile (C 1,
5)
C2 or R)
-
Maximum 3T at each corner
Twist (V) (see drawing
under)
-
2mm plus 0.5mm/m length
Straightness
0.2% of total length
±6% on individual lengths
Mass (M)
6)
Type of length measure
Length
Tolerances
Random length
4 000 to 16 000 with a range of 2000 per
order item
10% of sections supplied may be
below the minimum for the ordered
range, but not less than 75% of the
minimum of the range
Approximate length
4 000 to 16 000
500mm
Exact length
2 000 to 6 000
+10/-0 mm
6 000
+15/-0 mm
Notes:
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
(D, B, H)
1) The positive deviation is limited by the tolerance on mass.
2) For seamless sections the tolerance for the thickness is: thickness less than 10% but not less than
12.5% of the nominal thickness may occur in the smooth transition areas, but not over more than 22.5% of
the circumference.
3) Where the diameter to thickness ratio exceeds 100mm the tolerance on out-of-roundness shall be
agreed.
4) The tolerance on concavity and convexity are independent of the tolerance on the outside dimensions.
5) The sides need not be tangential to the corner arcs.
6) The positive tolerance on the mass of seamless hollow sections shall be 8%.
Table 15 – Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances
All external dimensions, including out-of-roundness, shall be measured at a distance
from the end of the hollow section of not less than D for circular sections, B for square
sections and H for rectangular sections, with a minimum of 100mm.
D= diameter
B= width
H= height
R= outer corner radius
C1 and C2= see drawing under.
V= see drawing under.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
89
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
87
The thickness T of welded sections shall be measured at a position not less than 2T
from the weld.
V
Figure 7 – Twist of square or rectangular hollow sections
5 mm*
C1
T
C2
R
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
B
5 mm*
B
or
H
* This dimension is a maximum when measuring B or H,
and a minimum when measuring T.
Figure 8 – How to measure cross-sectional dimensions of hollow sections
Other specifications
Hot finished structural hollow sections are also supplied to other international
standards and National specifications, see Table 13 on first page of this chapter.
90
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
Circular
y
x
x
t
Mass
Per
Metre
Area
Of
Section
A
Second
Moment
Of Inertia
I
kg/m
1.08
1.43
1.40
1.87
1.99
2.20
2.27
2.41
2.93
3.54
2.55
2.82
2.91
3.09
3.44
3.79
4.61
5.61
6.79
2.82
2.93
3.25
3.35
3.56
4.37
5.34
6.53
7.95
3.56
3.70
4.24
4.51
5.55
6.82
8.39
10.32
12.40
4.54
4.71
5.41
5.75
7.11
8.77
10.37
10.84
13.44
16.30
18.97
cm2
1.37
1.82
1.78
2.38
2.54
2.81
2.89
3.07
3.73
4.51
3.25
3.60
3.71
3.94
4.39
4.83
5.87
7.14
8.65
3.60
3.73
4.14
4.27
4.53
5.57
6.80
8.31
10.1
4.54
4.71
5.40
5.74
7.07
8.69
10.7
13.1
15.8
5.78
6.00
6.89
7.33
9.06
11.2
13.2
13.8
17.1
20.8
24.2
cm4
0.629
0.768
1.36
1.70
3.09
3.36
3.44
3.60
4.19
4.78
6.46
7.06
7.25
7.62
8.33
8.99
10.5
12.0
13.5
9.46
9.78
10.7
11.0
11.6
13.8
16.2
18.7
21.4
19.0
19.7
22.2
23.5
28.2
33.5
39.5
46.0
52.0
39.2
40.6
46.1
48.8
59.1
70.9
81.8
84.8
101
116
128
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
cm
0.677
0.650
0.874
0.846
1.10
1.09
1.09
1.08
1.06
1.03
1.41
1.40
1.40
1.39
1.38
1.36
1.33
1.30
1.25
1.62
1.62
1.61
1.61
1.60
1.57
1.54
1.50
1.45
2.05
2.04
2.03
2.02
2.00
1.96
1.92
1.87
1.81
2.60
2.60
2.59
2.58
2.55
2.52
2.49
2.48
2.42
2.36
2.31
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Surface
Area Per
Metre
Torsional
Constants
Z
S
J
C
cm3
0.590
0.722
1.01
1.27
1.84
1.99
2.04
2.14
2.49
2.84
3.05
3.33
3.42
3.59
3.93
4.24
4.93
5.66
6.36
3.92
4.05
4.43
4.55
4.80
5.70
6.69
7.76
8.85
6.30
6.52
7.37
7.78
9.34
11.1
13.1
15.3
17.2
10.3
10.7
12.1
12.8
15.5
18.6
21.5
22.3
26.4
30.5
33.8
cm3
0.834
1.06
1.40
1.81
2.52
2.76
2.84
2.99
3.55
4.16
4.12
4.53
4.67
4.93
5.44
5.92
7.04
8.29
9.64
5.25
5.44
5.99
6.17
6.52
7.87
9.42
11.2
13.2
8.36
8.66
9.86
10.4
12.7
15.3
18.5
22.1
25.6
13.5
14.1
16.0
17.0
20.8
25.3
29.6
30.8
37.3
44.0
49.9
cm4
1.26
1.54
2.71
3.41
6.19
6.71
6.88
7.21
8.38
9.57
12.9
14.1
14.5
15.2
16.7
18.0
20.9
24.0
27.0
18.9
19.6
21.4
22.0
23.2
27.5
32.3
37.5
42.7
38.0
39.3
44.4
46.9
56.3
67.0
79.0
92.0
104
78.4
81.2
92.2
97.6
118
142
164
170
201
232
257
cm3
1.18
1.44
2.02
2.53
3.67
3.98
4.08
4.28
4.97
5.68
6.10
6.66
6.84
7.19
7.86
8.48
9.86
11.3
12.7
7.83
8.10
8.86
9.11
9.59
11.4
13.4
15.5
17.7
12.6
13.0
14.7
15.6
18.7
22.2
26.2
30.5
34.5
20.6
21.3
24.2
25.6
31.0
37.3
43.0
44.6
52.9
61.0
67.5
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
m2/m
0.0669
0.0669
0.0845
0.0845
0.106
0.106
0.106
0.106
0.106
0.106
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.152
0.152
0.152
0.152
0.152
0.152
0.152
0.152
0.152
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.239
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Outside Thickness
Diameter
D
t
mm
mm
21.3
2.3
3.2
26.9
2.3
3.2
33.7
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.2
4.0
5.0
42.4
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
5.0
6.3
8.0
48.3
2.5
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.2
4.0
5.0
6.3
8.0
60.3
2.5
2.6
3.0
3.2
4.0
5.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
76.1
2.5
2.6
3.0
3.2
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
91
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
Circular
y
x
x
t
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Outside Thickness
Diameter
D
t
mm
mm
88.9
2.5
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
101.6
3.6
5.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
114.3
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
139.7
3.2
3.6
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
92
Mass
Per
Metre
Area
Of
Section
A
Second
Moment
Of Inertia
I
kg/m
5.33
6.36
6.76
7.57
8.38
10.35
12.27
12.83
15.96
19.46
22.76
25.86
8.70
11.91
14.81
18.47
22.59
26.52
30.24
8.23
8.77
9.83
10.88
13.48
16.03
16.78
20.97
25.72
30.27
34.63
38.79
10.77
12.08
13.39
16.61
19.78
20.73
25.98
31.99
37.79
43.40
cm2
6.79
8.10
8.62
9.65
10.7
13.2
15.6
16.3
20.3
24.8
29.0
32.9
11.1
15.2
18.9
23.5
28.8
33.8
38.5
10.5
11.2
12.5
13.9
17.2
20.4
21.4
26.7
32.8
38.6
44.1
49.4
13.7
15.4
17.1
21.2
25.2
26.4
33.1
40.7
48.1
55.3
cm4
63.4
74.8
79.2
87.9
96.3
116
135
140
168
196
220
239
133
177
215
260
305
345
379
163
172
192
211
257
300
313
379
450
511
566
613
320
357
393
481
564
589
720
862
990
1105
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
cm
3.06
3.04
3.03
3.02
3.00
2.97
2.94
2.93
2.87
2.81
2.75
2.69
3.47
3.42
3.38
3.32
3.26
3.20
3.14
3.94
3.93
3.92
3.90
3.87
3.83
3.82
3.77
3.70
3.64
3.58
3.52
4.83
4.81
4.80
4.77
4.73
4.72
4.66
4.60
4.53
4.47
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Surface
Area Per
Metre
Torsional
Constants
Z
S
J
C
cm3
14.3
16.8
17.8
19.8
21.7
26.2
30.4
31.5
37.8
44.1
49.4
53.8
26.2
34.9
42.3
51.1
60.1
67.9
74.6
28.4
30.2
33.6
36.9
45.0
52.5
54.7
66.4
78.7
89.5
99.0
107
45.8
51.1
56.2
68.8
80.8
84.3
103
123
142
158
cm3
18.7
22.1
23.5
26.2
28.9
35.2
41.3
43.1
52.5
62.6
71.5
79.5
34.6
46.7
57.3
70.3
84.2
96.9
108
37.2
39.5
44.1
48.7
59.8
70.4
73.6
90.6
109
126
142
156
59.6
66.7
73.7
90.8
107
112
139
169
196
222
cm4
127
150
158
176
193
233
270
280
336
392
439
478
266
355
430
519
611
690
758
325
345
384
422
514
600
625
759
899
1023
1131
1225
640
713
786
961
1129
1177
1441
1724
1980
2211
cm3
28.5
33.6
35.6
39.5
43.3
52.4
60.7
63.1
75.6
88.2
98.8
108
52.5
69.9
84.7
102
120
136
149
56.9
60.4
67.2
73.9
89.9
105
109
133
157
179
198
214
91.6
102
112
138
162
169
206
247
283
317
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
m2/m
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.319
0.319
0.319
0.319
0.319
0.319
0.319
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.439
0.439
0.439
0.439
0.439
0.439
0.439
0.439
0.439
0.439
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
Circular
y
x
x
t
Mass
Per
Metre
Area
Of
Section
A
Second
Moment
Of Inertia
I
kg/m
13.03
14.62
16.21
18.18
20.14
24.02
25.17
31.63
39.04
46.26
48.03
53.27
19.23
21.31
26.65
33.50
41.38
49.07
56.55
16.88
23.27
27.77
29.12
36.64
45.30
53.77
55.86
62.04
70.12
19.13
26.40
31.53
33.06
41.65
51.57
61.29
63.69
71.75
80.14
98.20
cm2
16.6
18.6
20.6
23.2
25.7
30.6
32.1
40.3
49.7
58.9
61.2
67.9
24.5
27.1
33.9
42.7
52.7
62.5
72.0
21.5
29.6
35.4
37.1
46.7
57.7
68.5
71.2
79.0
89.3
24.4
33.6
40.2
42.1
53.1
65.7
78.1
81.1
91.4
102
125
cm4
566
632
697
777
856
1009
1053
1297
1564
1810
1868
2036
920
1014
1250
1541
1862
2159
2434
972
1320
1560
1630
2016
2442
2839
2934
3210
3554
1415
1928
2282
2386
2960
3598
4200
4345
4820
5297
6261
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
cm
5.84
5.82
5.81
5.79
5.78
5.74
5.73
5.67
5.61
5.54
5.53
5.48
6.13
6.11
6.07
6.01
5.94
5.88
5.81
6.72
6.67
6.64
6.63
6.57
6.50
6.44
6.42
6.37
6.31
7.62
7.57
7.54
7.53
7.47
7.40
7.33
7.32
7.26
7.20
7.07
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Surface
Area Per
Metre
Torsional
Constants
Z
S
J
C
cm3
67.2
75.1
82.8
92.4
102
120
125
154
186
215
222
242
104
114
141
173
209
243
274
100
136
161
168
208
252
293
303
331
367
129
176
208
218
270
328
383
397
440
483
572
cm3
87.2
97.7
108
121
133
158
165
206
251
294
304
334
135
149
185
231
282
330
377
130
178
211
221
276
338
397
411
453
507
167
229
273
285
357
438
515
534
597
661
795
cm4
1131
1264
1394
1554
1712
2017
2107
2595
3128
3620
3737
4073
1841
2028
2499
3083
3724
4318
4868
1943
2640
3119
3260
4031
4883
5678
5869
6419
7109
2830
3856
4564
4772
5919
7197
8400
8689
9640
10590
12520
cm3
134
150
166
185
203
240
250
308
372
430
444
484
207
228
281
347
419
486
548
201
273
322
337
416
504
586
606
663
734
258
352
417
436
540
657
767
793
880
967
1143
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
m2/m
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.559
0.559
0.559
0.559
0.559
0.559
0.559
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Outside Thickness
Diameter
D
t
mm
mm
168.3
3.2
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
14.0
177.8
4.5
5.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
193.7
3.6
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
14.0
16.0
219.1
3.6
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
14.2
16.0
20.0
93
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
Circular
y
x
x
t
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Outside Thickness
Diameter
D
t
mm
mm
244.5
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
14.0
14.2
16.0
20.0
273
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
14.0
14.2
16.0
20.0
25.0
323.9
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
14.0
14.2
16.0
20.0
25.0
355.6
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
14.0
14.2
16.0
20.0
25.0
94
Mass
Per
Metre
Area
Of
Section
A
Second
Moment
Of Inertia
I
kg/m
29.53
35.29
37.01
46.66
57.83
68.81
71.52
79.58
80.65
90.16
110.73
33.05
39.51
41.44
52.28
64.86
77.24
80.30
89.42
90.63
101.41
124.79
152.90
39.32
47.04
49.34
62.32
77.41
92.30
95.99
107.00
108.45
121.49
149.89
184.28
51.73
54.27
68.58
85.23
101.68
105.77
117.94
119.56
134.00
165.53
203.83
cm2
37.6
45.0
47.1
59.4
73.7
87.7
91.1
101
103
115
141
42.1
50.3
52.8
66.6
82.6
98.4
102
114
115
129
159
195
50.1
59.9
62.9
79.4
98.6
118
122
136
138
155
191
235
65.9
69.1
87.4
109
130
135
150
152
171
211
260
cm4
2699
3199
3346
4160
5073
5938
6147
6758
6837
7533
8957
3781
4487
4696
5852
7154
8396
8697
9580
9695
10710
12800
15130
6369
7572
7929
9910
12160
14320
14850
16400
16600
18390
22140
26400
10070
10550
13200
16220
19140
19850
21950
22230
24660
29790
35680
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
cm
8.47
8.43
8.42
8.37
8.30
8.23
8.21
8.16
8.16
8.10
7.97
9.48
9.44
9.43
9.37
9.31
9.24
9.22
9.17
9.16
9.10
8.97
8.81
11.3
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.1
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
10.9
10.8
10.6
12.4
12.4
12.3
12.2
12.2
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.0
11.9
11.7
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Surface
Area Per
Metre
Torsional
Constants
Z
S
J
C
cm3
221
262
274
340
415
486
503
553
559
616
733
277
329
344
429
524
615
637
702
710
784
938
1108
393
468
490
612
751
884
917
1012
1025
1136
1367
1630
566
593
742
912
1076
1117
1235
1250
1387
1676
2007
cm3
287
341
358
448
550
649
673
745
754
837
1011
359
428
448
562
692
818
849
940
952
1058
1283
1543
509
606
636
799
986
1168
1213
1345
1363
1518
1850
2239
733
769
967
1195
1417
1472
1635
1656
1847
2255
2738
cm4
5397
6397
6692
8321
10150
11880
12300
13520
13670
15070
17910
7562
8974
9392
11700
14310
16790
17400
19160
19390
21410
25600
30250
12740
15150
15860
19820
24320
28640
29690
32790
33200
36780
44280
52800
20140
21090
26400
32450
38280
39700
43900
44460
49330
59580
71350
cm3
441
523
547
681
830
972
1006
1106
1119
1232
1465
554
657
688
857
1048
1230
1274
1404
1421
1569
1875
2216
787
935
979
1224
1501
1768
1833
2025
2050
2271
2734
3260
1133
1186
1485
1825
2153
2233
2469
2500
2774
3351
4013
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
m2/m
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
Circular
y
x
x
t
Mass
Per
Metre
Area
Of
Section
A
Second
Moment
Of Inertia
I
kg/m
59.25
62.16
78.60
97.76
116.72
121.43
135.48
137.35
154.05
190.58
235.15
295.46
70.02
88.58
110.24
131.69
137.03
155.07
174.01
215.54
266.34
335.40
411.35
77.95
98.65
122.81
146.79
152.75
172.93
194.14
240.70
297.79
375.64
461.66
564.75
cm2
75.5
79.2
100
125
149
155
173
175
196
243
300
376
89.2
113
140
168
175
198
222
275
339
427
524
99.3
126
156
187
195
220
247
307
379
479
588
719
cm4
15130
15850
19870
24480
28940
30030
33260
33690
37450
45430
54700
66430
22650
28450
35090
41560
43150
48460
53960
65680
79420
97010
114900
31250
39280
48520
57540
59760
67200
74910
91430
110900
136100
162200
190900
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
cm
14.2
14.1
14.1
14.0
14.0
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.5
13.3
15.9
15.9
15.8
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.6
15.5
15.3
15.1
14.8
17.7
17.7
17.6
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.4
17.3
17.1
16.9
16.6
16.3
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Surface
Area Per
Metre
Torsional
Constants
Z
S
J
C
cm3
745
780
978
1205
1424
1478
1637
1658
1843
2236
2692
3269
991
1245
1536
1819
1888
2121
2361
2874
3475
4246
5031
1230
1546
1910
2265
2353
2646
2949
3600
4367
5360
6385
7515
cm3
962
1009
1270
1572
1867
1940
2157
2185
2440
2989
3642
4497
1280
1613
1998
2377
2470
2785
3113
3822
4671
5791
6977
1586
2000
2480
2953
3070
3463
3874
4766
5837
7261
8782
10530
cm4
30260
31700
39750
48950
57870
60060
66520
67370
74900
90860
109400
132900
45310
56890
70180
83110
86290
96930
107900
131400
158800
194000
229900
62490
78560
97040
115100
119500
134400
149800
182900
221800
272300
324400
381800
cm3
1489
1560
1956
2409
2848
2956
3274
3315
3686
4472
5384
6539
1983
2490
3071
3637
3776
4242
4723
5749
6951
8491
10060
2460
3093
3820
4530
4705
5291
5898
7199
8734
10720
12770
15030
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
m2/m
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Outside Thickness
Diameter
D
t
mm
mm
406.4
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
14.0
14.2
16.0
20.0
25.0
32.0
457
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
14.2
16.0
20.0
25.0
32.0
40.0
508
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
14.2
16.0
20.0
25.0
32.0
40.0
50.0
95
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
y
Square
x
x
D
t
Designation
Size
Thickness
DxD
t
mm
20x20
mm
2
2.5
2
2.5
3
3.2
2.5
3
3.2
4
6
2.5
3
3.2
4
5
4
5
2.5
3
3.2
4
5
6
6.3
8
10
3
3.2
4
5
6
6.3
8
10
3
3.6
5
6
6.3
8
3.2
4
5
6
6.3
8
10
25x25
30x30
35x35
40x40
45x45
50x50
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
60x60
70x70
75x75
96
Mass
Per
Metre
kg/m m
1.12
1.35
1.41
1.74
2.00
2.15
2.14
2.47
2.65
3.76
5.16
2.92
3.45
3.66
4.46
5.40
5.01
6.07
3.71
4.39
4.66
5.72
6.97
8.15
8.49
10.31
11.70
5.39
5.67
6.97
8.54
10.00
10.50
12.80
14.90
6.28
7.46
10.10
11.90
12.50
15.30
7.25
8.93
11.00
12.90
13.50
16.60
19.60
Area
Of
Section
A
Second
Moment
Of Area
I
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Z
S
J
C
cm2
1.40
1.68
1.80
2.18
2.54
2.68
2.68
3.14
3.32
4.79
6.57
3.68
4.34
4.60
5.59
6.73
6.39
7.73
4.68
5.54
5.88
7.19
8.73
10.2
10.6
12.7
14.9
6.74
7.16
8.79
10.7
12.6
13.1
16.0
18.9
7.94
9.42
12.7
15.0
15.6
19.2
9.08
11.2
13.7
16.2
16.9
20.8
24.9
cm4
0.739
0.835
1.56
1.81
2.00
2.06
3.33
3.74
3.89
7.48
8.81
8.54
9.78
10.2
11.8
13.4
17.6
20.1
17.5
20.2
21.2
25.0
28.9
32.0
32.8
35.2
37.6
36.2
38.2
45.4
53.3
59.9
61.6
69.7
75.5
59.0
68.6
88.5
101
104
120
77.5
93.2
111
126
131
152
170
cm
0.727
0.705
0.932
0.909
0.886
0.877
1.11
1.09
1.08
1.25
1.16
1.52
1.50
1.49
1.45
1.41
1.66
1.61
1.93
1.91
1.90
1.86
1.82
1.77
1.76
1.7
1.59
2.32
2.31
2.27
2.23
2.18
2.17
2.09
2.00
2.73
2.70
2.64
2.59
2.58
2.50
2.92
2.89
2.84
2.80
2.78
2.71
2.61
cm3
0.739
0.835
1.25
1.44
1.60
1.65
2.22
2.50
2.59
4.28
5.03
4.27
4.89
5.11
5.91
6.68
7.82
8.95
6.99
8.08
8.49
9.99
11.6
12.8
13.1
14.1
15.0
12.1
12.7
15.1
17.8
20.0
20.5
23.2
25.2
16.9
19.6
25.3
28.7
29.7
34.2
20.7
24.8
29.6
33.7
34.9
40.5
45.4
cm3
0.930
1.08
1.53
1.82
2.06
2.15
2.74
3.14
3.29
5.47
6.91
5.14
5.97
6.28
7.44
8.66
9.71
11.41
8.29
9.70
10.2
12.3
14.5
16.5
17.0
19.2
21.4
14.3
15.2
18.3
21.9
25.1
26.0
30.4
34.4
19.9
23.3
30.8
35.5
36.9
43.8
24.3
29.6
35.8
41.4
43.0
51.3
59.4
cm4
1.22
1.41
2.52
2.97
3.35
3.48
5.40
6.16
6.44
12.5
15.4
13.6
15.7
16.5
19.5
22.5
28.7
33.5
27.5
32.1
33.8
40.4
47.6
53.6
55.2
60.9
66.7
56.9
60.2
72.5
86.4
98.6
102
118
131
92
108
142
163
169
200
121
147
177
204
212
252
289
cm3
1.07
1.20
1.81
2.08
2.30
2.37
3.22
3.60
3.74
6.16
7.19
6.22
7.10
7.42
8.54
9.60
11.3
12.9
10.2
11.8
12.4
14.5
16.7
18.4
18.8
20.1
21.4
17.7
18.6
22.0
25.7
28.8
29.6
33.4
36.0
24.8
28.7
36.8
41.6
42.9
49.2
30.3
36.3
43.0
48.9
50.5
58.4
65.1
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Torsional
Constants
Surface
Area
Per Metre
m2/m
0.0748
0.0736
0.0948
0.0936
0.0923
0.0918
0.114
0.112
0.112
0.130
0.125
0.154
0.152
0.152
0.150
0.147
0.170
0.167
0.194
0.192
0.192
0.190
0.187
0.185
0.184
0.179
0.174
0.232
0.232
0.230
0.227
0.225
0.224
0.219
0.214
0.272
0.271
0.267
0.265
0.264
0.259
0.292
0.290
0.287
0.285
0.284
0.279
0.274
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
y
Square
x
x
D
t
y
DxD
t
mm
80x80
mm
3
3.6
5
6
6.3
8
10
3.6
5
6
6.3
8
10
4
5
6
6.3
8
10
12
5
6
6.3
8
10
12.5
5
6
8
10
12.5
5
6
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
12.5
16
6
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
90x90
100x100
120x120
140x140
150x150
160x160
180x180
+
Mass
Per
Metre
kg/m m
7.18
8.59
11.70
13.80
14.40
17.80
21.10
9.72
13.30
15.70
16.40
20.40
24.30
12.00
14.80
17.60
18.40
22.90
27.90
31.90
18.00
21.30
22.30
27.90
34.20
41.60
21.10
25.10
32.90
40.40
49.50
22.70
27.00
28.30
35.40
43.60
52.40
66.40
57.30
70.20
32.60
34.20
43.00
53.00
65.20
81.40
Area
Of
Section
A
Second
Moment
Of Area
I
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Torsional
Constants
Surface
Area
Per Metre
Z
S
J
C
cm2
9.14
10.9
14.7
17.4
18.1
22.4
26.9
12.3
16.7
19.8
20.7
25.6
30.9
15.2
18.7
22.2
23.2
28.8
34.9
40.7
22.7
27.0
28.2
35.2
42.9
52.1
26.7
31.8
41.6
50.9
62.1
28.7
34.2
35.8
44.8
54.9
67.1
83.0
72.1
89.4
41.4
43.3
54.4
66.9
82.1
102
cm4
89.8
105
137
156
162
189
214
152
200
230
238
281
322
232
279
323
336
400
462
512
498
579
603
726
852
982
807
944
1195
1416
1653
1002
1174
1223
1491
1773
2080
2430
2576
3028
2077
2168
2661
3193
3790
4504
cm
3.13
3.11
3.05
3.00
2.99
2.91
2.82
3.52
3.45
3.41
3.40
3.32
3.23
3.91
3.86
3.82
3.80
3.73
3.64
3.55
4.68
4.63
4.62
4.55
4.46
4.34
5.50
5.45
5.36
5.27
5.16
5.90
5.86
5.85
5.77
5.68
5.57
5.41
5.98
5.82
7.09
7.07
7.00
6.91
6.80
6.64
cm3
22.5
26.2
34.2
39.1
40.5
47.3
53.5
33.8
44.4
51.1
53.0
62.6
71.6
46.4
55.9
64.6
67.1
79.9
92.4
102.0
83.0
96.6
100
121
142
164
115
135
171
202
236
134
156
163
199
236
277
324
322
379
231
241
296
355
421
500
cm3
26.3
31.0
41.1
47.8
49.7
59.5
69.3
39.7
53.0
61.8
64.3
77.6
91.3
54.4
66.4
77.6
80.9
98.2
116
132
97.6
115
120
146
175
207
135
159
204
246
293
156
184
192
237
286
342
411
395
476
269
281
349
424
511
621
cm4
140
164
217
252
262
312
360
237
316
367
382
459
536
361
439
513
534
646
761
858
777
911
950
1160
1382
1623
1253
1475
1892
2272
2696
1550
1828
1909
2351
2832
3375
4026
4158
4988
3215
3361
4162
5048
6070
7343
cm3
33.0
38.5
49.8
56.8
58.7
68.3
76.8
49.7
64.8
74.3
77.0
90.5
103.0
68.2
81.8
94.3
97.8
116
133
147
122
141
147
176
206
236
170
198
249
294
342
197
230
240
291
344
402
467
467
546
340
355
434
518
613
724
m2/m
0.312
0.311
0.307
0.305
0.304
0.299
0.294
0.351
0.347
0.345
0.344
0.339
0.334
0.390
0.387
0.385
0.384
0.379
0.374
0.369
0.467
0.465
0.464
0.459
0.454
0.448
0.547
0.545
0.539
0.534
0.528
0.587
0.585
0.584
0.579
0.574
0.568
0.559
0.608
0.599
0.705
0.704
0.699
0.694
0.688
0.679
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Size
Thickness
+ Seamless process
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
97
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
y
Square
x
x
D
t
y
Designation
Size
Thickness
DxD
t
mm
200x200
mm
5
6
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
5
6
8
10
12
14
6
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
6
6.3
8
10
12
12.5
14
14.2
16
6
6.3
8
9
10
12
12.5
16
6
8
10
12
12.5
14
14.2
16
19
22
25
220x220
250x250
260x260
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
300x300
350x350
98
Mass
Per
Metre
kg/m m
30.50
36.40
38.20
48.00
59.30
73.00
91.50
33.50
40.00
52.70
65.10
77.20
88.90
45.80
48.10
60.50
75.00
92.60
117.00
47.60
49.90
62.80
77.70
92.20
95.80
106.00
108.00
120.00
55.10
57.95
73.10
81.93
90.70
107.97
112.00
142.00
64.50
85.70
106.00
127.00
132.00
146.00
148.00
167.00
190.00
217.00
242.00
Area
Of
Section
A
Second
Moment
Of Area
I
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Z
S
J
C
cm2
38.7
46.2
48.4
60.8
74.9
92.1
115
42.7
51.0
67.2
82.9
98.3
113
58.2
61.0
76.8
94.9
117
147
60.6
63.5
80.0
98.9
117
122
136
137
153
70
73.6
92.8
104
115
137
142
179
82.2
109
135
161
167
186
189
211
248
283
318
cm4
2445
2883
3011
3709
4471
5336
6394
3281
3875
5002
6050
7023
7922
5752
6014
7455
9055
10920
13270
6491
6788
8423
10240
11950
12370
13560
13710
15060
10080
10550
13130
14600
16030
18780
19440
23850
16170
21130
25880
30440
31540
34790
35210
38940
44820
50270
55320
cm
7.95
7.90
7.89
7.81
7.72
7.61
7.46
8.76
8.72
8.63
8.54
8.45
8.36
9.94
9.93
9.86
9.77
9.66
9.50
10.4
10.3
10.3
10.2
10.1
10.1
10.0
9.99
9.91
12.0
12.0
11.9
11.9
11.8
11.7
11.7
11.5
14.0
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.6
13.5
13.3
13.2
cm3
245
288
301
371
447
534
639
298
352
455
550
638
720
460
481
596
724
873
1061
499
522
648
788
920
951
1043
1055
1159
672
703
875
973
1068
1252
1296
1590
924
1207
1479
1739
1802
1988
2012
2225
2561
2873
3161
cm3
283
335
350
436
531
643
785
344
408
532
650
762
868
531
556
694
851
1037
1280
576
603
753
924
1087
1127
1244
1259
1394
772
809
1013
1130
1246
1470
1525
1895
1058
1392
1715
2030
2107
2334
2364
2630
3055
3460
3845
cm4
3756
4449
4653
5778
7031
8491
10340
5028
5963
7765
9473
11090
12620
8825
9238
11530
14110
17160
21140
9951
10420
13010
15930
18730
19410
21400
21660
23940
15407
16140
20190
22520
24810
29250
30330
37620
24650
32380
39890
47150
48930
54190
54880
60990
70760
80010
88750
cm3
362
426
444
545
655
778
927
442
521
669
807
933
1049
681
712
880
1065
1279
1546
740
773
956
1159
1348
1394
1525
1542
1689
997
1043
1294
1437
1575
1840
1904
2325
1373
1789
2185
2563
2654
2922
2957
3264
3744
4187
4595
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Torsional
Constants
Surface
Area
Per Metre
m2/m
0.787
0.785
0.784
0.779
0.774
0.768
0.759
0.867
0.865
0.859
0.854
0.849
0.844
0.985
0.984
0.979
0.974
0.968
0.959
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.18
1.18
1.18
1.18
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.16
1.38
1.38
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.36
1.36
1.36
1.35
1.34
1.34
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
y
Square
x
x
D
t
y
DxD
t
mm
400x400
mm
8
10
12
12.5
14
14.2
16
20
22
25
12
16
19
22
25
28
32
12
16
19
22
25
28
32
36
16
19
22
25
28
32
36
40
25
28
32
36
40
25
28
32
36
40
450x450
500x500
550x550
600x600
700x700
#
kg/m m
97.90
122.00
145.00
152.00
168.00
170.00
192.00
237.00
251.00
282.00
162.00
213.00
250.00
286.00
321.00
355.00
399.00
181.00
238.00
280.00
320.00
360.00
399.00
450.00
498.00
263.00
309.00
355.00
399.00
443.00
500.00
555.00
608.00
439.00
487.00
550.00
611.00
671.00
517.00
575.00
651.00
724.00
797.00
Area
Of
Section
A
Second
Moment
Of Area
I
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Torsional
Constants
Surface
Area
Per Metre
Z
S
J
C
cm2
125
155
185
192
214
217
243
300
327
368
209
275
324
371
418
464
524
233
307
362
415
468
520
588
654
339
400
459
518
576
652
726
799
568
632
716
798
879
668
744
844
942
1039
cm4
31860
39130
46130
47840
52870
53530
59340
71540
77260
85380
66460
85860
99540
112500
124700
136300
150700
92030
119300
138600
157100
174600
191300
212300
231700
160400
186800
212100
236300
259500
288700
316100
341800
311100
342100
381600
418800
453900
504700
556600
623100
686500
746900
cm
16.0
15.9
15.8
15.8
15.7
15.7
15.6
15.4
15.4
15.2
17.8
17.7
17.5
17.4
17.3
17.1
17.0
19.89
19.71
19.58
19.44
19.31
19.18
19.00
18.82
21.75
21.62
21.49
21.35
21.22
21.04
20.86
20.68
23.40
23.26
23.08
22.91
22.73
27.48
27.35
27.17
26.99
26.81
cm3
1593
1956
2306
2392
2643
2676
2967
3577
3863
4269
2954
3816
4424
5000
5544
6058
6696
3681
4771
5545
6283
6986
7653
8491
9269
5833
6793
7714
8594
9436
10500
11500
12430
10370
11410
12720
13960
15130
14420
15900
17800
19610
21340
cm3
1830
2260
2679
2782
3087
3127
3484
4247
4612
5141
3419
4459
5208
5929
6624
7292
8143
4248
5554
6498
7411
8295
9149
10242
11283
6769
7930
9058
10150
11220
12580
13890
15140
12200
13490
15160
16770
18310
16850
18670
21040
23330
25540
cm4
48700
60090
71180
73910
81960
83030
92440
112500
122100
135900
102200
133200
155400
176700
197200
216800
241700
141200
184400
215500
245600
274600
302600
338200
372000
247300
289500
330400
370100
408400
457500
504400
549000
485300
536300
601900
664900
725100
782900
867000
975800
1081000
1182000
cm3
2363
2895
3405
3530
3894
3942
4362
5237
5646
6223
4368
5620
6497
7324
8101
8832
9735
5451
7038
8159
9222
10230
11180
12370
13470
8616
10010
11340
12610
13810
15330
16740
18060
15230
16720
18600
20370
22030
21240
23380
26110
28700
31160
m2/m
1.58
1.57
1.57
1.57
1.56
1.56
1.56
1.55
1.54
1.54
1.77
1.76
1.75
1.74
1.74
1.73
1.72
1.97
1.96
1.95
1.94
1.94
1.93
1.92
1.91
2.16
2.15
2.14
2.14
2.13
2.12
2.11
2.10
2.34
2.33
2.32
2.31
2.30
2.74
2.73
2.72
2.71
2.70
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Size
Thickness
Mass
Per
Metre
# Grade S355J2H only
S.A.W process
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
99
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
B
y
Rectangular
D
x
x
t
y
Designation
Thickness
Size
DxB
t
mm
50x25
mm
2.5
3
3.2
4
2.5
3
3.2
4
5
2.5
3
3.2
4
5
6
6.3
8
3
3.2
4
5
6
6.3
8
10
3
4
5
6
8
10
3
3.2
3.6
4
5
6
6.3
8
10
3
3.2
4
5
6
6.3
8
10
50x30
60x40
80x40
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
80x50
90x50
100x50
100
Mass
Per
Metre
Area Of
Section
A
kg/m
2.72
3.22
3.41
4.07
2.92
3.45
3.66
4.46
5.40
3.71
4.39
4.66
5.72
6.97
8.15
8.49
10.00
5.34
5.67
6.97
8.54
10.00
10.50
12.80
14.90
5.81
7.53
9.33
11.00
14.11
16.40
6.28
6.63
7.46
8.15
10.10
11.90
12.50
15.30
18.00
6.75
7.18
8.86
10.90
12.90
13.40
16.60
19.60
cm2
3.43
4.04
4.28
5.19
3.68
4.34
4.60
5.59
6.73
4.68
5.54
5.88
7.19
8.73
10.2
10.6
12.8
6.74
7.16
8.79
10.7
12.6
13.1
16.0
18.9
7.34
9.59
11.7
13.8
17.6
20.9
7.94
8.44
9.42
10.4
12.7
15.0
15.6
19.2
22.9
8.54
9.08
11.2
13.7
16.2
16.9
20.8
24.9
Radius Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Torsional
Constants
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
J
C
cm4
10.4
11.9
12.5
14.4
11.8
13.6
14.2
16.5
18.7
22.8
26.5
27.8
32.8
38.1
42.3
43.4
47.9
54.2
57.2
68.2
80.3
90.5
93.3
106
115
63.1
79.8
94.4
107
127
140
84.4
89.1
98.3
107
127
145
150
174
194
110
116
140
167
190
197
230
259
cm
1.74
1.72
1.71
1.66
1.79
1.77
1.76
1.72
1.67
2.21
2.18
2.18
2.14
2.09
2.04
2.02
1.94
2.84
2.83
2.79
2.74
2.68
2.67
2.58
2.47
2.93
2.88
2.84
2.79
2.69
2.59
3.26
3.25
3.23
3.21
3.16
3.11
3.10
3.01
2.91
3.58
3.57
3.53
3.48
3.43
3.42
3.33
3.22
cm
0.994
0.973
0.964
0.929
1.19
1.17
1.16
1.13
1.08
1.60
1.58
1.57
1.54
1.50
1.45
1.44
1.36
1.63
1.63
1.59
1.55
1.50
1.49
1.42
1.33
2.03
1.98
1.94
1.90
1.81
1.72
2.05
2.04
2.03
2.01
1.97
1.92
1.91
1.84
1.75
2.08
2.07
2.03
1.99
1.95
1.93
1.86
1.77
cm3
4.16
4.76
4.98
5.75
4.73
5.43
5.68
6.60
7.49
7.61
8.82
9.27
10.9
12.7
14.1
14.5
16.0
13.6
14.3
17.1
20.1
22.6
23.3
26.5
28.8
15.8
19.9
23.6
26.8
31.7
35.0
18.8
19.8
21.8
23.8
28.3
32.2
33.3
38.6
43.0
21.9
23.2
27.9
33.3
38.1
39.4
46.0
51.8
cm3
2.71
3.06
3.18
3.59
3.48
3.96
4.13
4.72
5.26
6.03
6.95
7.29
8.52
9.77
10.7
11.0
11.9
9.00
9.46
11.1
12.9
14.2
14.6
16.1
16.9
12.1
15.1
17.7
19.8
23.0
24.8
13.4
14.1
15.5
16.8
19.7
22.1
22.8
25.8
28.1
14.7
15.5
18.5
21.7
24.5
25.2
28.7
31.4
cm3
5.33
6.18
6.50
7.67
5.92
6.88
7.25
8.59
10.0
9.32
10.9
11.5
13.8
16.4
18.6
19.2
22.1
17.1
18.0
21.8
26.1
30.0
31.1
36.5
41.3
19.4
24.9
29.9
34.4
42.2
48.3
23.2
24.6
27.2
29.8
36.0
41.6
43.2
51.4
59.3
27.3
28.9
35.2
42.6
49.4
51.3
61.4
71.2
cm3
3.22
3.71
3.89
4.54
4.11
4.76
5.00
5.88
6.80
7.02
8.19
8.64
10.3
12.2
13.7
14.2
16.1
10.4
11.0
13.2
15.7
17.8
18.4
21.2
23.5
13.9
17.8
21.3
24.4
29.6
33.4
15.3
16.2
18.0
19.6
23.5
27.0
28.0
32.9
37.4
16.8
17.7
21.5
25.8
29.7
30.8
36.3
41.4
cm4
8.42
9.64
10.1
11.6
11.7
13.5
14.2
16.6
19.0
25.1
29.2
30.8
36.7
43.0
48.2
49.5
55.4
43.8
46.2
55.2
65.1
73.4
75.6
85.8
92.5
64.8
82.6
98.4
112
135
150
76.5
80.9
89.4
97.5
116
133
138
160
179
88.4
93.4
113
135
154
160
186
209
cm3
4.61
5.20
5.41
6.11
5.73
6.51
6.80
7.77
8.67
9.73
11.2
11.7
13.7
15.7
17.3
17.6
19.2
15.3
16.1
18.9
21.9
24.2
24.8
27.4
28.9
19.7
24.6
28.8
32.3
37.5
40.6
22.4
23.6
25.9
28.0
32.9
37.0
38.1
43.2
47.1
25.0
26.4
31.4
36.9
41.6
42.9
48.9
53.6
cm4
3.39
3.83
3.98
4.48
5.22
5.94
6.20
7.08
7.89
12.1
13.9
14.6
17.0
19.5
21.4
21.9
23.7
18.0
18.9
22.2
25.7
28.5
29.2
32.1
33.7
30.2
37.7
44.1
49.5
57.4
62.1
33.5
35.3
38.7
41.9
49.2
55.4
57.0
64.6
70.2
36.8
38.8
46.2
54.3
61.2
63.0
71.7
78.4
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Surface
Area Per
Metre
m2/m
0.144
0.142
0.142
0.140
0.154
0.152
0.152
0.150
0.147
0.194
0.192
0.192
0.190
0.187
0.185
0.184
0.179
0.232
0.232
0.230
0.227
0.225
0.224
0.219
0.214
0.252
0.250
0.247
0.245
0.239
0.234
0.272
0.272
0.271
0.270
0.267
0.265
0.264
0.259
0.254
0.292
0.292
0.290
0.287
0.285
0.284
0.279
0.274
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
B
y
Rectangular
D
x
x
t
y
DxB
t
mm
100x60
mm
3
3.6
5
6
6.3
8
3.6
4
5
6
6.3
8
10
5
6
6.3
8
10
5
6
6.3
8
10
12
12.5
4.5
5
6
6.3
8
10
12
12.5
5
6
6.3
8
10
12
12.5
16
5
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
120x60
120x80
150x100
160x80
200x100
200x120
Mass
Per
Metre
Area Of
Section
A
+
kg/m
7.22
8.59
11.70
13.80
14.40
17.80
9.72
10.70
13.30
15.70
16.40
20.40
24.30
14.80
17.60
18.40
22.90
27.90
18.70
22.30
23.30
29.10
35.70
41.40
42.80
16.24
18.00
21.30
22.30
27.90
34.20
39.50
41.60
22.70
27.00
28.30
35.40
43.60
50.80
53.40
66.40
24.1
30.1
37.6
46.3
55.7
71.38
cm2
9.14
10.9
14.7
17.4
18.1
22.4
12.3
13.6
16.7
19.8
20.7
25.6
30.9
18.7
22.2
23.2
28.8
34.9
23.7
28.2
29.5
36.8
44.9
52.7
54.6
20.6
22.7
27.0
28.2
35.2
42.9
50.3
52.1
28.7
34.2
35.8
44.8
54.9
64.7
67.1
83.0
30.7
38.3
48.0
58.9
71.7
89.4
Radius Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Torsional
Constants
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
J
C
cm4
124
145
189
217
225
264
227
249
299
345
358
425
488
365
423
440
525
609
739
862
898
1087
1282
1450
1488
679
744
868
903
1091
1284
1449
1485
1495
1754
1829
2234
2664
3047
3136
3678
1690
2070
2530
3030
3468
4221
cm
3.68
3.65
3.58
3.53
3.52
3.44
4.30
4.28
4.23
4.18
4.16
4.08
3.97
4.42
4.37
4.36
4.27
4.18
5.58
5.53
5.52
5.44
5.34
5.25
5.22
5.75
5.72
5.67
5.66
5.57
5.47
5.37
5.34
7.21
7.16
7.15
7.06
6.96
6.86
6.84
6.66
7.40
7.34
7.26
7.17
6.99
6.87
cm
2.47
2.44
2.38
2.34
2.33
2.25
2.49
2.47
2.43
2.39
2.37
2.30
2.21
3.21
3.17
3.15
3.08
2.99
4.07
4.02
4.01
3.94
3.85
3.76
3.74
3.33
3.31
3.27
3.26
3.18
3.10
3.01
2.99
4.19
4.15
4.14
4.06
3.98
3.89
3.87
3.72
4.98
4.92
4.85
4.76
4.63
4.50
cm3
24.7
28.9
37.8
43.4
45.0
52.8
37.9
41.5
49.9
57.5
59.7
70.8
81.4
60.9
70.6
73.3
87.5
102
98.5
115
120
145
171
193
198
84.9
93.0
108
113
136
161
181
186
149
175
183
223
266
305
314
368
168
207
253
303
347
422
cm3
18.6
21.6
27.9
31.7
32.7
37.8
25.4
27.7
32.9
37.5
38.8
45.0
50.5
48.2
55.6
57.6
68.1
78.1
78.5
91.2
94.8
114
133
149
153
57.1
62.3
72.0
74.8
89.0
103
114
116
101
118
123
148
174
196
201
229
127
155
188
223
254
302
cm3
30.2
35.6
47.4
55.1
57.3
68.7
47.2
51.9
63.1
73.6
76.7
92.7
109.2
74.6
87.3
91.0
111
131
119
141
147
180
216
249
256
106
116
136
142
175
209
240
247
185
218
228
282
341
395
408
491
205
253
313
379
444
550
cm3
21.2
24.9
32.9
38.1
39.5
47.1
28.9
31.7
38.4
44.5
46.3
55.4
64.4
56.1
65.5
68.2
82.6
97.3
90.1
106
110
135
161
185
190
64.8
71.1
83.3
86.8
106
125
142
146
114
134
140
172
206
237
245
290
144
177
218
263
308
377
cm4
121
142
188
216
224
265
183
201
242
279
290
344
396
401
468
487
587
688
807
946
986
1203
1432
1633
1679
547
600
701
730
883
1041
1175
1204
1204
1414
1475
1804
2156
2469
2541
2982
1650
2030
2490
3000
3568
4247
cm3
30.7
35.6
45.9
52.1
53.8
62.2
43.3
47.1
56.0
63.8
65.9
76.6
86.1
77.9
89.6
92.9
110
126
127
147
153
183
214
240
246
97.2
106
122
127
151
175
194
198
172
200
208
251
295
333
341
391
210
255
310
367
426
497
cm4
55.7
64.8
83.6
95.0
98.1
113
76.3
83.1
98.8
113
116
135
152
193
222
230
273
313
392
456
474
569
665
745
763
229
249
288
299
356
411
455
465
505
589
613
739
869
979
1004
1147
762
929
1130
1340
1524
1813
Surface
Area Per
Metre
m2/m
0.312
0.311
0.307
0.305
0.304
0.299
0.351
0.350
0.347
0.345
0.344
0.339
0.334
0.387
0.385
0.384
0.379
0.374
0.487
0.485
0.484
0.479
0.474
0.469
0.468
0.468
0.467
0.465
0.464
0.459
0.454
0.449
0.448
0.587
0.585
0.584
0.579
0.574
0.569
0.568
0.559
0.627
0.624
0.619
0.614
0.608
0.599
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Thickness
Size
+ Seamless process
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
101
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
B
y
Rectangular
D
x
x
t
y
Designation
Thickness
Size
DxB
t
mm
200x150
mm
6
6.3
8
9
10
12
12.5
6
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
5
6
6.3
8
10
12
16
6
6.3
8
10
12
12.5
16
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
8
10
12.5
16
6.3
8
10
12.5
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
250x150
300x100
300x200
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
300x250
350x150
350x250
400x120
400x150
102
Mass
Per
Metre
Area Of
Section
A
kg/m
31.70
33.22
41.70
46.60
51.40
60.90
63.20
36.40
38.00
48.00
59.30
73.00
91.50
30.52
36.20
38.00
48.00
58.80
70.30
91.50
45.80
48.10
60.50
75.00
89.15
92.60
117.00
53.00
66.80
82.80
102.00
129.00
48.10
60.50
75.00
92.60
117.00
73.10
90.70
112.00
142.00
50.00
63.10
78.10
96.60
53.00
66.80
82.80
102.00
129.00
cm2
40.2
42.1
52.8
58.9
64.9
76.7
79.6
46.2
48.4
60.8
74.9
92.1
115
38.7
46.2
48.4
61.1
74.9
88.7
117
58.2
61.0
76.8
94.9
113
117
147
67.5
85.1
106
130
165
61
77
94.9
117
149
93
116
143
181
63.7
80.3
99.5
123
67.5
85.1
106
130
165
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
2318
2420
2971
3276
3568
4109
4236
3965
4143
5111
6174
7387
8879
4146
4893
5111
6386
7613
8818
11240
7486
7829
9717
11820
13800
14270
17390
9239
11500
14050
17050
20930
9551
11880
14320
17300
21500
16560
20270
24680
30440
11880
14790
18050
21900
13350
16630
20340
24720
30400
cm4
1485
1549
1894
2084
2264
2596
2673
1796
1874
2298
2755
3265
3873
731
854
890
1087
1275
1447
1747
4013
4193
5184
6278
7294
7537
9109
6984
8682
10580
12810
15670
2537
3125
3737
4450
5386
9854
12020
14580
17860
1752
2146
2569
3040
2863
3528
4257
5087
6108
Radius Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Torsional
Constants
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
J
C
cm
7.60
7.58
7.50
7.46
7.41
7.32
7.30
9.27
9.25
9.17
9.08
8.96
8.79
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.2
10.1
9.97
9.82
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.2
11.1
11.0
10.9
11.7
11.6
11.5
11.4
11.3
12.5
12.4
12.3
12.2
12.0
13.3
13.2
13.1
13.0
13.7
13.6
13.5
13.3
14.1
14.0
13.9
13.8
13.6
cm
6.08
6.07
5.99
5.95
5.91
5.82
5.80
6.24
6.22
6.15
6.06
5.96
5.80
4.34
4.30
4.29
4.22
4.13
4.04
3.87
8.31
8.29
8.22
8.13
8.05
8.02
7.87
10.20
10.10
10.00
9.91
9.76
6.44
6.36
6.27
6.17
6.02
10.30
10.20
10.10
9.95
5.24
5.17
5.08
4.97
6.51
6.44
6.35
6.24
6.09
cm3
232
242
297
328
357
411
424
317
331
409
494
591
710
276
326
341
426
508
588
749
499
522
648
788
920
952
1159
616
767
937
1137
1395
546
679
818
988
1229
946
1158
1410
1739
594
740
903
1095
667
832
1017
1236
1520
cm3
198
207
253
278
302
346
356
239
250
306
367
435
516
146
171
178
217
255
289
349
401
419
518
628
729
754
911
559
695
847
1025
1254
338
417
498
593
718
788
963
1166
1429
292
358
428
507
382
470
568
678
814
cm3
277
289
359
398
436
508
525
385
402
501
611
740
906
354
419
439
551
666
779
1008
596
624
779
956
1124
1165
1441
720
902
1109
1358
1689
680
851
1035
1263
1586
1124
1385
1700
2121
766
960
1180
1444
841
1054
1297
1589
1978
cm3
227
237
294
325
356
414
428
270
283
350
426
514
625
161
190
199
247
296
343
431
451
472
589
721
847
877
1080
636
796
978
1196
1485
375
467
566
686
850
892
1098
1345
1672
322
399
486
588
420
524
640
778
957
cm4
2820
2947
3643
4033
4409
5119
5287
3877
4054
5021
6090
7326
8868
2040
2399
2504
3066
3676
4223
5142
8100
8476
10560
12910
15140
15680
19250
12140
15170
18600
22680
28020
6383
7917
9633
11620
14110
19010
23330
28490
35280
5035
6212
7501
8973
7588
9415
11450
13820
16810
cm3
313
326
398
437
475
543
559
396
413
506
605
717
849
262
306
319
387
458
520
620
651
681
840
1015
1178
1217
1468
862
1067
1295
1561
1898
587
721
867
1032
1235
1255
1526
1843
2248
527
645
771
912
673
828
998
1191
1427
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Surface
Area Per
Metre
m2/m
0.685
0.684
0.679
0.677
0.674
0.669
0.668
0.785
0.784
0.779
0.774
0.768
0.759
0.787
0.785
0.784
0.780
0.774
0.769
0.769
0.985
0.984
0.979
0.974
0.969
0.968
0.959
1.082
1.077
1.071
1.065
1.055
0.974
0.974
0.974
0.968
0.968
1.18
1.18
1.18
1.18
1.03
1.02
1.02
1.01
1.09
1.08
1.08
1.07
1.06
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
B
y
Rectangular
D
x
x
t
y
DxB
t
mm
400x200
mm
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
8
10
12.5
16
8
10
12.5
16
8
10
12.5
16
10
12.5
16
20
400x300
450x250
500x200
500x300
Mass
Per
Metre
Area Of
Section
A
kg/m
57.90
73.10
90.70
112.00
142.00
85.70
106.00
132.00
167.00
85.40
106.00
132.00
167.00
85.70
106.00
132.00
167.00
122.00
152.00
192.00
237.00
cm2
73.6
92.8
115
142
179
109
136
168
213
109
135
167
211
109
135
168
213
155
192
243
302
Second
Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
15700
19560
23910
29060
35740
25860
31750
38800
48100
30080
36900
45030
55710
34270
41760
51510
63930
53760
65810
81780
100100
cm4
5376
6660
8084
9738
11820
16620
20360
24800
30620
12140
14820
17970
22040
8170
9891
12020
14670
24440
29780
36770
44550
Radius Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Torsional
Constants
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
J
C
cm
14.6
14.5
14.4
14.3
14.1
15.4
15.3
15.2
15.0
16.6
16.5
16.4
16.2
17.7
17.6
17.5
17.3
18.6
18.5
18.3
18.2
cm
8.55
8.47
8.39
8.28
8.13
12.30
12.30
12.20
12.00
10.6
10.5
10.4
10.2
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.31
12.6
12.5
12.3
12.1
cm3
785
978
1196
1453
1787
1293
1587
1940
2405
1337
1640
2001
2476
1371
1670
2060
2557
2150
2633
3271
4006
cm3
538
666
808
974
1182
1108
1357
1654
2041
971
1185
1438
1763
817
989
1202
1467
1629
1985
2451
2970
cm3
960
1203
1480
1813
2256
1524
1882
2316
2899
1622
2000
2458
3070
1716
2105
2609
3267
2595
3196
4005
4942
cm3
594
743
911
1111
1374
1252
1544
1898
2371
1081
1331
1631
2029
900
1101
1354
1683
1826
2244
2804
3442
cm4
12610
15740
19260
23440
28870
30980
38140
46750
58200
27080
33280
40720
50550
21100
25870
31480
38830
52450
64390
80330
97310
cm3
917
1135
1376
1656
2010
1749
2136
2593
3186
1629
1986
2406
2947
1430
1737
2097
2554
2696
3281
4044
4845
Surface
Area Per
Metre
m2/m
1.18
1.18
1.17
1.17
1.16
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.38
1.37
1.37
1.36
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.57
1.57
1.56
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Thickness
Size
S.A.W process
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
103
HOT HOLLOW SECTIONS
104
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
102
Cold Formed Hollow Sections
General
Structural hollow sections make beautiful, efficient structures with a nice continuity.
The cold formed hollow sections, square, rectangular and circular, have constant
external dimension within the same serial size only the thickness is increasing. In other
words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the full height of the
building, only changing the thickness, simplifying architectural details and ensuring
economy in fabrication.
By using multi-storey columns the number of joints will be smaller and the number of
welds affecting the capacity of cold formed sections will therefore be reduced (see
“Comparison between hot finished and cold formed hollow sections”).
Due to their high sectional properties hollow sections provide smaller column footprints
than other design solutions, with increased floor area.
Added together these qualities give an efficient and economic structure.
It has long been the opinion amongst structural people that for low-rise buildings only
concrete will be economical, but with multi-storey hollow sections steel structures can
compete with concrete structures. Steel might be more expensive per metric ton, but
with the fabrication and erection time, a lighter structure, labour cost, and easy
maintenance taken into account, a steel structure might give the most economic
design.
Comparable specifications
Grade
Min. Yield strength
Tensile strength
2
N/mm
Charpy V-Notch Impact
N/mm
Joules
°C
20
2
EN 10219-1 (1997)
S235JRH
235
340-470
27
JIS G 3444 (1994)
STK400
235
min. 400
-
-
JIS G 3466 (1988)
STKR400
245
min. 400
-
-
AS 1163 (1991)
C250L0
250
min. 320
27
0
EN 10219-1 (1997)
S275J0H
275
410-560
27
0
EN 10219-1 (1997)
S275J2H
275
410-560
27
-20
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
Specification
ASTM A500 (1996)
Round tubing
Grade A
228
min. 310
-
-
Shaped tubing
“
269
min. 310
-
-
Round tubing
Grade B
290
min. 400
-
-
Shaped tubing
“
317
min. 400
-
-
STKR490
325
min. 490
-
-
C350L0
350
min. 430
27
0
JIS G 3444 (1994)
STK500
355
min. 500
-
-
EN 10219-1 (1997)
S355J0H
355
490-630
27
0
EN 10219-1 (1997)
S355J2H
355
490-630
27
-20
JIS G 3444 (1994)
STK540
390
min. 540
-
-
AS 1163 (1991)
C450L0
450
min. 500
27
0
JIS G 3466 (1988)
AS 1163 (1991)
Note:
For EN 10219-1 and ASTM A500 the values given are for section thickness above 3mm.
EN 10219-1 (1997): one of the new European Norms, see Explanatory notes.
ASTM A36 (1991): standard from American Society for Testing of Materials for carbon structural steel.
ASTM 500 (1996): standard from American Society for Testing of Materials for cold formed welded and seamless
carbon steels structural tubing in rounds and shapes.
JIS G 3444 (1994): Japanese Industrial Standard for Carbon steel tubes for general structural purposes.
JIS G 3466 (1988): Japanese Industrial Standard for Carbon steel square pipes for general structural purposes.
AS 1163 (1991): Australian Standard for Structural steel hollow sections.
Table 16 – Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
105
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
103
Product specifications
Productions of cold formed structural hollow sections have been standardised in EN
10219: 1997: "Cold formed structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steel"
Part 1, Grades S235, S275, S355, but other grades and sub-grades can be supplied,
subject to minimum order quantities. Dimensions, tolerances and sectional properties
meet the requirements of EN 10219:1997: "Cold formed structural hollow sections of
non-alloy and fine grain structural steels" Part 2.
The cold formed hollow sections, square, rectangular and circular have constant
external dimension within the same serial size, only the thickness is increasing. In
other words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the full height of the
building, simplifying architectural details and ensuring economy in fabrication.
Chemical composition
The chemical compositions of hot finished hollow sections are given in EN 10219-1:
1997, Table A.1, B.1 and B.2.
When a carbon equivalent value (CEV) is required it shall be determined from the cast
analysis using the formula: CEV = C +
Mn (Cr + Mo + V ) ( Ni + Cu )
+
+
6
5
15
Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties for cold formed sections in accordance with EN 102191:1997 are summarised below.
Designation
Min. Yield strength
ReH in N/mm
Tensile strength
2
Rm in N/mm
Min. elongation (%)
2
L0=5.65(S0)
Test temp.
1/2
Impact
KV
Nominal thickness in mm
t 16
16>t40
2
2
3t40
t<3
2
2
t40
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
%
C
J
S235JRH
235
225
360-510
340-470
24
20
27
S275J0H
275
265
430-580
410-560
20
S275J2H
S355J0H
355
345
510-680
490-630
S355J2H
20
0
27
-20
27
0
27
-20
27
Table 17 – Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties
Tensile test
The tensile test shall be carried out according with EN 10002-1: "Metallic materials Tensile testing - Method of test (at ambient temperature)". See chapter “Hot finished
Hollow Sections”.
Charpy V-notch impact test
The specimens, in accordance with EN 10045-1: "Metallic materials - Charpy impact
test - Test method", are tested at the required temperature according to grade. See
chapter “Hot finished Hollow Sections”.
106
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
104
Manufacturing tolerances
The tolerances for cold formed hollow sections are specified in EN 10219: 1997, Part
2. The tolerances are mostly similar to those specified in EN 10210: 1997, Part 2, for
hot finished hollow sections. The tolerances are listed in Table 18 below.
Characteristic
Circular hollow sections
Square and rectangular hollow sections
Size in mm
Tolerance
Outside dimensions
(D, B, H)
±1% with a minimum of ±0.5mm and a
maximum of ±10mm
H, B <100:
100H, B 200:
H, B >200:
- For D 406.4mm:
T>5mm: ±0.50mm
- For D>406.4mm:
Out-of-roundness (O)
Concavity/convexity
2)
±0.6 %
T5mm: ±10%
±10% with a max.
of 2mm
2% for hollow sections having a diameter
1)
to thickness ratio not exceeding 100
-
Squareness of side
-
External corner profile (C 1,
C2 or R)
-
Twist (V)
Straightness
0.20% of total length
±0.50mm
For T>5mm:
For T 5mm:
±10%
Max. 0.8% with a minimum of 0.5mm
90°±1°
For T 6mm:
For 6<T 10mm:
For 10<T:
1.6T to 2.4T
2.0T to 3.0T
2.4T to 3.6T
2mm plus 0.5mm/m length
0.15% of total length
±6% on individual lengths
Mass (M)
Type of length
Length
Tolerances
Random length
4 000 to 16 000 with a range of
2000 per order item
10% of sections supplied may be below the minimum
for the ordered range, but not less than 75% of the
minimum of the range
Approximate length
4 000
+50/0 mm
Exact length
< 6 000
6 000 to 10 000
+5/0 mm
+15/0 mm
+5/0 mm +1mm/m
> 10 000
Notes:
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
Thickness (T)
±1% with a minimum of:
±0.5mm.
±0.8%
1) Where diameter to thickness ratio exceeds 100mm the tolerance on out-of-roundness shall be agreed.
2) The tolerance on concavity and convexity is independent of the tolerance on the outside dimensions.
Table 18 – Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances
All external dimensions including out-of-roundness shall be measured at a distance
from the end of the hollow section of not less than D for circular sections, B for square
sections and H for rectangular sections, with a minimum of 100mm.
D= diameter,
B= width,
H= height,
R= outer corner radius
V, C1 and C2= see drawings in chapter “Hot Finished Hollow Sections”.
The thickness T of welded sections shall be measured at a position not less than 2T
from the weld.
Other specifications
Cold formed structural hollow sections are also supplied to other international
standards and National specifications, see Table 16 the on first page of this chapter.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
107
106
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
Circular
y
x
x
t
y
Designation
Thickness
Outside
D
mm
26.9
33.7
42.4
48.3
60.3
76.1
88.9
101.6
114.3
139.7
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
t
mm
2.5
3.2
3.0
3.2
4.0
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
5.0
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
5.0
3.0
3.2
4.0
5.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
3.0
3.2
3.6
5.0
6.0
6.3
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mass
Per
Metre
Area
Of
Section
Ratio For
Local
Buckling
Second
Moment
Of Inertia
Radius
Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
A
cm2
1.92
2.38
2.89
3.07
3.73
3.71
3.94
4.39
4.83
4.27
4.53
5.06
5.57
5.40
5.74
6.41
7.07
8.69
6.89
7.33
8.20
9.06
11.26
8.10
8.62
10.7
13.2
12.3
13.7
15.2
18.0
10.5
11.2
12.5
17.2
20.4
21.4
21.2
25.2
26.4
33.1
40.7
D/t
kg/m
1.50
1.87
2.27
2.41
2.93
2.91
3.09
3.44
3.79
3.35
3.56
3.97
4.37
4.24
4.51
5.03
5.55
6.82
5.41
5.75
6.44
7.11
11.2
6.36
6.76
8.38
10.35
9.63
10.80
11.90
14.10
8.23
8.77
9.83
13.48
16.03
16.78
16.61
19.78
20.73
25.98
31.99
I
cm4
1.44
1.70
3.44
3.60
4.19
7.25
7.62
8.33
8.99
11.0
11.6
12.7
13.8
22.2
23.5
25.9
28.2
33.5
46.1
48.8
54.0
59.1
70.9
74.8
79.2
96.3
116
146
162
177
207
163
172
192
257
300
313
481
564
589
720
862
r
cm
0.867
0.846
1.09
1.08
1.06
1.40
1.39
1.38
1.36
1.61
1.60
1.59
1.57
2.03
2.02
2.01
2.00
1.96
2.59
2.58
2.57
2.55
2.52
3.04
3.03
3.00
2.97
3.45
3.44
3.42
3.39
3.94
3.93
3.92
3.87
3.83
3.82
4.77
4.73
4.72
4.66
4.60
Z
cm3
1.07
1.27
2.04
2.14
2.49
3.42
3.59
3.93
4.24
4.55
4.80
5.26
5.70
7.37
7.78
8.58
9.34
11.1
12.1
12.8
14.2
15.5
18.6
16.8
17.8
21.7
26.2
28.8
31.9
34.9
40.7
28.4
30.2
33.6
45.0
52.5
54.7
68.8
80.8
84.3
103
123
S
cm3
1.49
1.81
2.84
2.99
3.55
4.67
4.93
5.44
5.92
6.17
6.52
7.21
7.87
9.86
10.4
11.6
12.7
15.3
16.0
17.0
18.9
20.8
25.3
22.1
23.5
28.9
35.2
38.1
42.5
46.7
54.9
37.2
39.5
44.1
59.8
70.4
73.6
90.8
107
112
139
169
10.8
8.41
11.2
10.5
8.43
14.1
13.3
11.8
10.6
16.1
15.1
13.4
12.1
20.1
18.8
16.8
15.1
12.1
25.4
23.8
21.1
19.0
15.2
29.6
27.8
22.2
17.8
25.4
22.6
20.3
16.9
38.1
35.7
31.8
22.9
19.1
18.1
27.9
23.3
22.2
17.5
14.0
Torsional
Constants
J
cm4
2.88
3.41
6.88
7.21
8.38
14.5
15.2
16.7
18.0
22.0
23.2
25.4
27.5
44.4
46.9
51.7
56.3
67
92.2
97.6
108
118
142
150
158
193
233
293
324
355
413
325
345
384
514
600
625
961
1130
1177
1441
1724
Surface
Area
Per
Metre
C
cm3
2.14
2.53
4.08
4.28
4.97
6.84
7.19
7.86
8.48
9.11
9.59
10.5
11.4
14.7
15.6
17.2
18.7
22.2
24.2
25.6
28.4
31.0
37.3
33.6
35.6
43.3
52.4
57.6
63.8
69.9
81
56.9
60.4
67.2
89.9
105
109
138
162
169
206
247
m2/m
0.0845
0.0845
0.106
0.106
0.106
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.152
0.152
0.152
0.152
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.279
0.319
0.319
0.319
0.319
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.439
0.439
0.439
0.439
0.439
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
108
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
107
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
Circular
y
x
x
t
y
D
mm
168.3
193.7
219.1
244.5
273
323.9
t
mm
4.0
5.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.5
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
16.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
16.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
16.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
16.0
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mass
Per
Metre
Area
Of
Section
Ratio For
Local
Buckling
Second
Moment
Of Inertia
Radius
Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
A
cm2
20.6
25.7
32.1
40.3
49.7
61.2
23.8
26.7
29.6
35.4
37.1
46.7
57.7
71.2
30.3
33.6
40.2
42.1
53.1
65.7
78.1
81.1
102
37.6
45.0
47.1
59.4
73.7
87.7
91.1
115
42.1
50.3
52.8
66.6
82.6
98.4
102
129
50.1
59.9
62.9
79.4
98.6
118
122
155
D/t
kg/m
16.21
20.14
25.17
31.63
39.04
48.03
18.71
21.00
23.27
27.77
29.12
36.64
45.30
55.86
23.82
26.40
31.53
33.06
41.65
51.57
61.29
63.69
80.14
29.53
35.29
37.01
46.66
57.83
68.81
71.52
90.16
33.05
39.51
41.44
52.28
64.86
77.24
80.30
101.41
39.32
47.04
49.34
62.32
77.41
92.30
95.99
121.49
I
cm4
697
856
1053
1297
1564
1868
1073
1198
1320
1560
1630
2016
2442
2934
1747
1928
2282
2386
2960
3598
4200
4345
5297
2699
3199
3346
4160
5073
5938
6147
7533
3781
4487
4696
5852
7154
8396
8697
10710
6369
7572
7929
9910
12160
14320
14850
18390
r
cm
5.81
5.78
5.73
5.67
5.61
5.53
6.71
6.69
6.67
6.64
6.63
6.57
6.50
6.42
7.59
7.57
7.54
7.53
7.47
7.40
7.33
7.32
7.20
8.47
8.43
8.42
8.37
8.30
8.23
8.21
8.10
9.48
9.44
9.43
9.37
9.31
9.24
9.22
9.10
11.3
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.1
11.0
11.0
10.9
Z
cm3
82.8
102
125
154
186
222
111
124
136
161
168
208
252
303
159
176
208
218
270
328
383
397
483
221
262
274
340
415
486
503
616
277
329
344
429
524
615
637
784
393
468
490
612
751
884
917
1136
S
cm3
108
133
165
206
251
304
144
161
178
211
221
276
338
411
207
229
273
285
357
438
515
534
661
287
341
358
448
550
649
673
837
359
428
448
562
692
818
849
1058
509
606
636
799
986
1168
1213
1518
42.1
33.7
26.7
21.0
16.8
13.5
48.4
43.0
38.7
32.3
30.7
24.2
19.4
15.5
48.7
43.8
36.5
34.8
27.4
21.9
18.3
17.5
13.7
48.9
40.8
38.8
30.6
24.5
20.4
19.6
15.3
54.6
45.5
43.3
34.1
27.3
22.8
21.8
17.1
64.8
54.0
51.4
40.5
32.4
27.0
25.9
20.2
Torsional
Constants
J
cm4
1394
1712
2107
2595
3128
3737
2146
2395
2640
3119
3260
4031
4883
5869
3494
3856
4564
4772
5919
7197
8400
8689
10600
5397
6397
6692
8321
10150
11880
12300
15070
7562
8974
9392
11700
14310
16790
17400
21410
12740
15150
15860
19820
24320
28640
29690
36780
Surface
Area
Per
Metre
C
cm3
166
203
250
308
372
444
222
247
273
322
337
416
504
606
319
352
417
436
540
657
767
793
967
441
523
547
681
830
972
1006
1232
554
657
688
857
1048
1230
1274
1569
787
935
979
1224
1501
1768
1833
2271
m2/m
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.768
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
0.858
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Outside
Thickness
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
109
108
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
Circular
y
x
x
t
y
Designation
Outside
Thickness
D
mm
355.6
406.4
457
508
t
mm
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
16.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
16.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
16.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
16.0
Mass
Per
Metre
Area
Of
Section
Ratio For
Local
Buckling
Second
Moment
Of Inertia
Radius
Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
A
cm2
55.1
65.9
69.1
87.4
109
130
135
171
75.5
79.2
100
125
149
155
196
85.0
89.2
113
140
168
175
222
94.6
99.3
126
156
187
195
247
D/t
kg/m
43.23
51.73
54.27
68.58
85.23
101.68
105.77
134.00
59.25
62.16
78.60
97.76
116.72
121.43
154.05
66.73
70.02
88.58
110.24
131.69
137.03
174.01
74.28
77.95
98.65
122.81
146.79
152.75
194.14
I
cm4
8464
10070
10550
13200
16220
19140
19850
24660
15130
15850
19870
24480
28940
30030
37450
21620
22650
28450
35090
41560
43150
53960
29810
31250
39280
48520
57540
59760
74910
r
cm
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.3
12.2
12.2
12.1
12.0
14.2
14.1
14.1
14.0
14.0
13.9
13.8
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.8
15.7
15.7
15.6
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.6
17.5
17.5
17.4
Z
cm3
476
566
593
742
912
1076
1117
1387
745
780
978
1205
1424
1478
1843
946
991
1245
1536
1819
1888
2361
1174
1230
1546
1910
2265
2353
2949
S
cm3
615
733
769
967
1195
1417
1472
1847
962
1009
1270
1572
1867
1940
2440
1220
1280
1613
1998
2377
2470
3113
1512
1586
2000
2480
2953
3070
3874
71.1
59.3
56.4
44.5
35.6
29.6
28.4
22.2
67.7
64.5
50.8
40.6
33.9
32.5
25.4
76.2
72.5
57.1
45.7
38.1
36.6
28.6
84.7
80.6
63.5
50.8
42.3
40.6
31.8
Torsional
Constants
J
cm4
16930
20140
21090
26400
32450
38280
39700
49330
30260
31700
39750
48950
57870
60060
74900
43240
45310
56890
70180
83110
86290
107900
59620
62490
78560
97040
115100
119500
149800
Surface
Area
Per
Metre
C
cm3
952
1133
1186
1485
1825
2153
2233
2774
1489
1560
1956
2409
2848
2956
3686
1892
1983
2490
3071
3637
3776
4723
2347
2460
3093
3820
4530
4705
5898
m2/m
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
110
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
y
Square
D
x
x
t
y
DxD
mm
12x12
13x13
16x16
19x19
20x20
25x25
30x30
32x32
38x38
40x40
50x50
t
mm
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.2
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.5
1.2
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.0
1.2
1.6
1.8
2.3
3.0
3.2
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.3
3.0
1.6
2.0
2.3
3.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
1.5
1.6
2.0
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mass
Per
Metre
kg/m
0.357
0.421
0.540
0.400
0.500
0.456
0.540
0.699
0.555
0.659
0.859
1.05
1.25
0.897
1.18
1.33
1.36
1.54
1.70
1.64
1.89
1.08
1.41
1.57
1.97
2.48
2.62
1.13
1.50
1.82
2.02
2.68
1.81
2.22
2.48
3.29
2.31
2.82
3.30
4.20
2.44
2.45
2.93
3.40
4.25
4.54
5.45
6.11
6.69
7.71
Area
Of
Section
A
cm 2
0.414
0.481
0.600
0.529
0.664
0.574
0.673
0.856
0.694
0.817
1.05
1.34
1.59
1.11
1.43
1.59
1.74
1.95
2.02
2.09
2.41
1.35
1.75
1.95
2.41
3.01
3.17
1.44
1.88
2.30
2.60
3.25
2.26
2.78
3.15
3.97
2.94
3.59
4.21
5.35
2.85
3.03
3.74
4.25
5.41
5.73
6.95
7.67
8.36
9.63
Second
Moment
Of Area
I
cm 4
0.0808
0.0897
0.102
0.118
0.136
0.210
0.239
0.284
0.368
0.421
0.511
0.692
0.766
1.03
1.28
1.38
1.48
1.61
1.65
1.69
1.84
1.83
2.31
2.52
2.99
3.50
3.62
2.25
2.84
3.36
3.71
4.38
4.92
5.88
6.54
7.85
6.94
8.22
9.32
11.1
11.1
11.7
14.1
15.9
19.5
20.4
23.7
25.5
27.0
29.5
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
cm
0.442
0.432
0.412
0.473
0.453
0.605
0.595
0.576
0.728
0.718
0.698
0.720
0.694
0.963
0.944
0.934
0.924
0.909
0.904
0.899
0.874
1.17
1.15
1.14
1.11
1.08
1.07
1.25
1.23
1.21
1.20
1.16
1.47
1.46
1.44
1.41
1.54
1.51
1.49
1.44
1.97
1.96
1.95
1.93
1.90
1.89
1.85
1.82
1.80
1.75
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Z
cm 3
0.135
0.150
0.169
0.182
0.209
0.263
0.298
0.354
0.387
0.444
0.538
0.692
0.766
0.820
1.02
1.11
1.19
1.29
1.32
1.35
1.47
1.22
1.54
1.68
2.00
2.34
2.41
1.41
1.78
2.10
2.32
2.74
2.59
3.10
3.44
4.13
3.47
4.11
4.66
5.54
4.43
4.68
5.66
6.34
7.79
8.16
9.49
10.2
10.8
11.8
S
cm 3
0.167
0.189
0.224
0.228
0.273
0.318
0.366
0.449
0.463
0.537
0.668
0.877
1.00
0.975
1.24
1.35
1.47
1.62
1.67
1.71
1.91
1.44
1.84
2.03
2.45
2.96
3.08
1.65
2.12
2.54
2.84
3.44
3.06
3.70
4.15
5.10
4.13
4.97
5.72
7.01
5.15
5.46
6.66
7.52
9.39
9.89
11.7
12.8
13.7
15.3
Torsional
Constants
J
cm 4
0.138
0.157
0.187
0.205
0.247
0.349
0.403
0.498
0.600
0.699
0.876
1.21
1.39
1.66
2.12
2.33
2.53
2.80
2.88
2.97
3.33
2.93
3.77
4.16
5.07
6.15
6.42
3.58
4.62
5.58
6.24
7.62
7.90
9.60
10.8
13.3
11.3
13.6
15.8
19.4
17.4
18.5
22.6
25.6
32.1
33.9
40.4
44.1
47.5
53.2
C
cm 3
0.205
0.229
0.263
0.278
0.324
0.397
0.453
0.543
0.584
0.671
0.819
1.06
1.19
1.24
1.54
1.68
1.80
1.97
2.02
2.07
2.27
1.84
2.32
2.54
3.03
3.58
3.71
2.11
2.68
3.18
3.52
4.18
3.90
4.67
5.20
6.28
5.23
6.21
7.07
8.48
6.65
7.03
8.51
9.55
11.8
12.3
14.4
15.6
16.6
18.2
Surface
Area
Per Metre
m 2/m
0.0446
0.0439
0.0425
0.0479
0.0465
0.0606
0.0599
0.0585
0.0726
0.0719
0.0705
0.0731
0.0714
0.0959
0.0945
0.0938
0.0931
0.0921
0.0918
0.0914
0.0897
0.116
0.115
0.114
0.112
0.110
0.109
0.124
0.123
0.121
0.120
0.118
0.147
0.145
0.144
0.142
0.153
0.151
0.150
0.146
0.195
0.195
0.193
0.192
0.190
0.189
0.186
0.185
0.183
0.179
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Size
Thickness
* Sizes not included in EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
111
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
y
Square
D
x
x
t
y
Designation
Size
Thickness
DxD
mm
60x60
63.5x63.5
65x65
70x70
75x75
80x80
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
90x90
t
mm
1.6
2.3
3.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
2.3
3.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
1.6
2.3
3.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
2.5
3.0
3.6
4.0
5.0
2.3
3.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
3.0
3.6
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
2.3
3.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mass
Per
Metre
kg/m
2.88
4.06
5.19
6.71
7.43
8.13
9.44
4.31
5.52
8.04
8.92
10.57
3.06
4.31
5.59
7.08
7.88
8.92
10.40
5.17
6.13
7.24
7.97
9.70
5.23
6.81
8.66
9.70
10.76
12.78
7.07
8.37
9.22
11.30
13.20
13.50
6.23
8.01
8.33
9.50
10.50
11.50
12.80
15.10
Area
Of
Section
A
cm 2
3.67
5.17
6.61
8.55
9.47
10.40
12.0
5.49
7.03
10.1
11.4
12.9
3.99
5.63
7.21
9.35
10.4
11.4
13.2
6.59
7.81
9.23
10.1
12.4
6.55
8.41
10.9
12.2
13.4
15.6
9.01
10.7
11.7
14.4
16.8
17.2
7.93
10.2
10.8
12.1
13.3
14.9
16.4
19.2
Second
Moment
Of Area
I
cm 4
20.7
28.3
35.1
43.6
47.2
50.5
56.1
33.9
42.1
57.0
66.1
68.2
26.5
36.4
45.4
56.6
61.6
66.1
73.9
49.4
57.5
66.5
72.1
84.6
57.1
71.6
90.2
98.6
106
120
88
102
111
131
149
149
101
127
135
149
162
178
193
220
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
cm
2.37
2.34
2.31
2.26
2.23
2.21
2.16
2.48
2.45
2.38
2.41
2.30
2.58
2.54
2.51
2.46
2.44
2.41
2.36
2.74
2.71
2.69
2.67
2.62
2.95
2.92
2.87
2.85
2.82
2.77
3.12
3.09
3.07
3.03
2.98
2.94
3.56
3.53
3.52
3.50
3.48
3.46
3.43
3.39
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Z
cm 3
6.89
9.44
11.7
14.5
15.7
16.8
18.7
10.7
13.3
18.0
20.3
21.5
8.16
11.2
14.0
17.4
18.9
20.3
22.7
14.1
16.4
19.0
20.6
24.2
15.2
19.1
24.1
26.3
28.4
32.0
22.0
25.5
27.8
32.9
37.3
37.1
22.4
28.3
29.9
33.0
36.0
39.5
42.9
49.0
S
cm 3
8.0
11.1
14.0
17.6
19.3
20.9
23.7
12.5
15.8
21.9
25.0
27.0
9.4
13.1
16.6
21.0
23.1
25.0
28.5
16.5
19.4
22.7
24.8
29.6
17.7
22.5
28.8
31.7
34.5
39.6
25.8
30.2
33.1
39.7
45.8
46.1
25.9
33.0
35.0
38.9
42.6
47.1
51.4
59.5
Torsional
Constants
J
cm 4
32.4
45.2
57.1
72.6
79.8
86.4
98.4
53.8
68.2
95.7
112
119
41.4
57.9
73.3
93.7
103
112
128
78.5
92.4
108
119
142
90.0
115
147
163
177
205
140
165
180
218
252
261
158
201
214
238
261
289
316
368
C
cm 3
10.4
14.2
17.7
22.0
23.9
25.6
28.6
16.0
20.0
27.2
30.9
32.8
12.2
16.9
21.0
26.3
28.7
30.9
34.7
21.2
24.7
28.7
31.1
36.7
22.9
28.7
36.3
39.7
42.9
48.7
33.0
38.4
41.8
49.7
56.6
57.9
33.6
42.5
44.9
49.6
54.2
59.6
64.7
74.2
Surface
Area
Per Metre
m 2/m
0.235
0.232
0.230
0.226
0.225
0.223
0.219
0.246
0.244
0.239
0.243
0.233
0.255
0.252
0.250
0.246
0.245
0.243
0.239
0.271
0.270
0.268
0.266
0.263
0.292
0.290
0.286
0.285
0.283
0.279
0.310
0.308
0.306
0.303
0.299
0.293
0.352
0.350
0.349
0.348
0.346
0.345
0.343
0.339
* Sizes not included in EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
112
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
y
Square
D
x
x
t
y
DxD
mm
100x100
120x120
125x125
150x150
175x175
180x180
t
mm
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
9.0
10.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.4
9.0
3.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
9.0
12.7
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mass
Per
Metre
kg/m
6.95
8.96
9.60
11.70
13.30
14.40
17.00
17.50
21.40
24.10
25.60
14.20
17.50
20.70
21.40
26.40
8.75
11.30
12.00
16.90
18.70
22.10
23.20
31.38
13.70
18.00
20.50
22.30
26.40
27.40
33.90
38.20
41.30
47.10
21.20
23.70
26.20
31.10
45.30
62.50
27.00
32.10
33.30
41.50
50.70
58.50
60.50
Area
Of
Section
A
cm 2
8.85
11.4
12.1
14.9
16.7
18.4
21.6
22.2
27.2
30.0
32.6
18.1
22.4
26.4
27.3
33.6
11.2
14.4
15.3
21.2
23.4
27.6
29.0
39.0
17.4
22.9
25.7
28.4
33.6
34.8
43.2
48.0
52.6
60.1
26.9
30.2
33.4
39.6
57.0
75.5
34.4
40.8
42.4
52.8
64.6
74.5
77.0
Second
Moment
Of Area
I
cm 4
140
177
187
226
249
271
311
314
366
391
411
402
485
562
572
677
278
355
376
506
553
641
660
838
623
808
896
982
1146
1174
1412
1537
1650
1780
1303
1449
1591
1864
2546
3124
1737
2037
2096
2546
3017
3322
3406
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
cm
3.97
3.94
3.93
3.89
3.87
3.84
3.79
3.76
3.67
3.61
3.55
4.71
4.66
4.61
4.58
4.49
4.99
4.96
4.95
4.89
4.86
4.82
4.78
4.64
5.98
5.93
5.91
5.89
5.84
5.80
5.71
5.66
5.61
5.44
6.95
6.93
6.91
6.86
6.68
6.43
7.11
7.06
7.03
6.94
6.84
6.68
6.65
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Z
cm 3
27.9
35.4
37.5
45.3
49.9
54.2
62.3
62.8
73.2
78.1
82.2
67.0
80.9
93.7
95.3
113
44.5
56.7
60.1
80.9
88.4
103
106
134
83.0
108
120
131
153
156
188
205
220
237
149
166
182
213
291
357
193
226
233
283
335
369
378
S
cm 3
32.3
41.2
43.7
53.3
59.0
64.6
75.1
76.4
91.1
98.6
105.0
78.3
95.4
112
114
138
51.1
65.6
69.6
94.8
104
122
126
165
95.5
125
139
153
180
185
226
248
269
298
172
192
211
249
348
443
224
264
273
336
404
454
467
Torsional
Constants
J
cm 4
217
279
296
362
402
441
514
536
645
700
750
637
778
913
955
1163
430
553
587
804
884
1038
1101
1454
965
1265
1411
1554
1833
1922
2364
2608
2840
3231
2028
2265
2498
2954
4246
5585
2724
3223
3383
4189
5074
5865
6050
C
cm 3
41.9
53.2
56.3
68.1
75.1
81.7
94.1
97.0
114
123
130
101
122
141
146
175
66.8
85.1
90.2
122
133
154
162
208
125
162
180
197
230
239
289
316
341
380
224
249
273
320
446
568
290
340
354
432
515
584
600
Surface
Area
Per Metre
m 2/m
0.392
0.390
0.389
0.386
0.385
0.383
0.379
0.373
0.366
0.361
0.357
0.466
0.463
0.459
0.453
0.446
0.492
0.490
0.489
0.485
0.483
0.479
0.473
0.461
0.590
0.586
0.585
0.583
0.579
0.573
0.566
0.561
0.557
0.538
0.686
0.685
0.683
0.679
0.661
0.635
0.703
0.699
0.693
0.686
0.677
0.658
0.656
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
Designation
Size
Thickness
* Sizes not included in EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
113
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
D
y
Square
D
x
x
t
y
Designation
Size
Thickness
DxD
mm
200x200
203x203
250x250
254x254
300x300
350x350
400x400
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
t
mm
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
4.5
6.4
9.5
12.7
6.0
6.3
8.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
6.4
9.5
12.7
6.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
16.0
9.0
12.0
16.0
9.0
12.0
16.0
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mass
Per
Metre
kg/m
30.10
35.80
37.20
46.50
52.30
57.00
66.00
68.30
28.10
38.40
56.00
72.60
45.20
47.10
59.10
66.50
72.70
84.80
88.00
48.50
71.20
92.90
54.70
71.60
80.60
88.40
104.00
108.00
138.00
94.70
124.00
163.00
109.00
143.00
188.00
Area
Of
Section
A
cm 2
38.4
45.6
47.4
59.2
66.0
72.6
84.1
87.0
35.2
48.9
70.4
89.7
57.6
60.0
75.2
84.0
92.6
108
112
62.0
89.8
116
69.6
91.2
102
113
132
137
171
120
156
203
138
180
235
Second
Moment
Of Area
I
cm 4
2410
2833
2922
3566
3918
4251
4730
4859
2295
3103
4288
5161
5672
5873
7229
7984
8707
9859
10160
6257
8781
10830
9964
12800
14180
15520
17770
18350
22080
22970
29050
36510
34790
44320
56150
Radius
Of
Gyration
r
cm
7.93
7.88
7.85
7.76
7.71
7.65
7.50
7.47
8.07
7.96
7.80
7.58
9.92
9.89
9.80
9.75
9.70
9.55
9.52
10.0
9.89
9.68
12.0
11.8
11.8
11.7
11.6
11.6
11.4
13.8
13.6
13.4
15.9
15.7
15.5
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Z
cm 3
241
283
292
357
392
425
473
486
226
306
422
508
454
470
578
639
697
789
813
493
691
853
664
853
946
1035
1184
1223
1472
1312
1660
2086
1739
2216
2808
S
cm 3
279
330
341
421
465
508
576
594
261
357
503
621
524
544
676
750
822
944
975
571
813
1023
764
991
1102
1211
1402
1451
1774
1522
1949
2488
2009
2587
3322
Torsional
Constants
J
cm 4
3763
4459
4682
5815
6454
7072
8230
8502
3567
4973
7088
9030
8843
9290
11600
12910
14200
16690
17280
9898
14240
18420
15430
20310
22660
24970
29510
30600
37840
36370
47600
61480
54720
71840
93280
C
cm 3
362
426
444
544
599
651
743
765
339
464
646
801
681
711
878
972
1062
1226
1266
746
1053
1328
997
1293
1434
1572
1829
1892
2299
1987
2552
3238
2630
3395
4336
Surface
Area
Per Metre
m 2/m
0.783
0.779
0.773
0.766
0.761
0.757
0.738
0.736
0.797
0.785
0.771
0.747
0.979
0.973
0.966
0.961
0.957
0.938
0.936
0.989
0.975
0.951
1.18
1.17
1.16
1.16
1.14
1.14
1.12
1.36
1.34
1.32
1.56
1.54
1.52
* Sizes not included in EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
114
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
B
y
Rectangular
D
x
x
t
DxB
t
mm
19x9
mm
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.2
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.3
2.5
3.0
3.2
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
1.6
2.3
2.5
3.0
4.0
4.5
1.6
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.0
1.6
1.9
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.5
25x12
25x13
32x16
38x19
38x25
50x25
50x30
60x40
65x38
75x38
Area
Of
Section
A
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
kg/m
0.411
0.421
0.540
0.555
0.659
0.859
0.670
0.860
0.707
0.838
1.10
0.858
1.02
1.34
0.949
1.13
1.50
1.15
1.37
1.81
2.15
2.48
2.62
3.07
3.41
2.31
2.82
3.30
4.20
2.37
3.33
3.60
4.25
5.45
6.01
2.45
3.40
4.38
4.54
5.64
2.70
3.22
3.86
4.99
5.17
6.27
6.94
cm2
0.494
0.577
0.728
0.674
0.793
1.02
0.817
1.05
0.894
1.06
1.37
1.07
1.27
1.66
1.19
1.42
1.85
1.43
1.71
2.23
2.74
3.10
3.34
3.91
4.13
2.94
3.59
4.21
5.35
3.03
4.25
4.59
5.41
6.95
7.67
3.13
4.39
5.59
5.92
7.19
3.45
4.06
4.85
6.19
6.56
7.99
8.84
Second
Moment Of
Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
J
C
cm4
0.206
0.231
0.268
0.510
0.583
0.705
0.617
0.749
1.15
1.34
1.66
1.99
2.32
2.91
2.40
2.80
3.55
4.69
5.50
7.02
8.38
9.31
9.89
11.2
11.6
9.54
11.3
12.8
15.3
15.2
20.7
22.1
25.4
31.0
33.3
17.8
24.2
29.8
31.3
36.5
25.3
29.4
34.6
42.8
45.0
52.8
57.1
cm
0.645
0.633
0.607
0.869
0.857
0.833
0.869
0.845
1.14
1.12
1.10
1.36
1.35
1.33
1.42
1.41
1.39
1.81
1.80
1.77
1.75
1.73
1.72
1.69
1.68
1.80
1.77
1.75
1.69
2.24
2.20
2.19
2.17
2.11
2.08
2.39
2.35
2.31
2.30
2.25
2.71
2.69
2.67
2.63
2.62
2.57
2.54
cm
0.354
0.346
0.328
0.487
0.478
0.460
0.517
0.500
0.661
0.652
0.634
0.793
0.784
0.766
1.03
1.02
1.00
1.06
1.05
1.03
1.01
1.00
0.991
0.969
0.960
1.21
1.19
1.16
1.12
1.64
1.61
1.60
1.58
1.53
1.51
1.58
1.55
1.51
1.51
1.47
1.60
1.59
1.57
1.54
1.53
1.50
1.47
cm3
0.216
0.243
0.282
0.408
0.467
0.564
0.494
0.599
0.722
0.836
1.04
1.05
1.22
1.53
1.26
1.48
1.87
1.87
2.20
2.81
3.35
3.72
3.95
4.47
4.65
3.81
4.52
5.13
6.10
5.07
6.88
7.36
8.46
10.3
11.1
5.49
7.46
9.18
9.63
11.2
6.76
7.85
9.23
11.4
12.0
14.1
15.2
cm3
0.138
0.153
0.174
0.266
0.302
0.358
0.337
0.402
0.488
0.562
0.688
0.711
0.824
1.02
1.01
1.17
1.48
1.28
1.50
1.90
2.25
2.48
2.62
2.93
3.04
2.86
3.37
3.80
4.46
4.08
5.50
5.87
6.72
8.14
8.72
4.10
5.53
6.75
7.06
8.17
4.66
5.39
6.30
7.72
8.09
9.40
10.1
cm3
0.283
0.323
0.390
0.521
0.604
0.749
0.632
0.786
0.905
1.06
1.34
1.30
1.53
1.95
1.52
1.79
2.30
2.31
2.73
3.53
4.26
4.78
5.11
5.86
6.14
4.74
5.70
6.57
8.05
6.12
8.44
9.06
10.5
13.2
14.3
6.70
9.24
11.5
12.2
14.5
8.3
9.7
11.5
14.5
15.3
18.3
19.9
cm3
0.165
0.188
0.224
0.310
0.358
0.440
0.398
0.492
0.558
0.650
0.818
0.805
0.943
1.20
1.14
1.35
1.72
1.43
1.69
2.17
2.62
2.92
3.12
3.56
3.73
3.33
3.98
4.58
5.58
4.64
6.38
6.84
7.94
9.89
10.7
4.63
6.37
7.93
8.35
9.89
5.21
6.08
7.19
8.98
9.46
11.2
12.3
cm4
0.165
0.187
0.222
0.410
0.473
0.582
0.549
0.679
0.962
1.12
1.41
1.65
1.93
2.46
2.63
3.10
3.99
3.85
4.54
5.85
7.06
7.90
8.43
9.64
10.1
9.77
11.7
13.5
16.5
16.9
23.4
25.1
29.3
36.7
39.9
17.4
24.0
30.0
31.6
37.5
21.2
24.7
29.2
36.6
38.6
45.9
50.0
cm3
0.244
0.273
0.315
0.467
0.532
0.638
0.586
0.707
0.847
0.978
1.21
1.23
1.43
1.79
1.66
1.94
2.45
2.22
2.59
3.29
3.92
4.34
4.60
5.18
5.38
4.84
5.72
6.49
7.71
6.72
9.10
9.72
11.2
13.7
14.7
6.91
9.36
11.5
12.1
14.0
8.03
9.30
10.9
13.4
14.1
16.5
17.8
cm4
0.0621
0.0689
0.0783
0.160
0.181
0.215
0.219
0.262
0.391
0.449
0.550
0.676
0.783
0.973
1.26
1.47
1.85
1.60
1.88
2.37
2.81
3.10
3.28
3.67
3.80
4.29
5.05
5.70
6.69
8.16
11.0
11.7
13.4
16.3
17.4
7.79
10.5
12.8
13.4
15.5
8.85
10.2
12.0
14.7
15.4
17.9
19.2
Radius Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Torsional
Constants
Surface
Area Per
Metre
m2/m
0.0526
0.0519
0.0505
0.0706
0.0699
0.0685
0.0719
0.0705
0.0926
0.0919
0.0905
0.111
0.110
0.109
0.123
0.122
0.121
0.147
0.146
0.145
0.143
0.142
0.141
0.140
0.139
0.153
0.151
0.150
0.146
0.195
0.192
0.191
0.190
0.186
0.185
0.201
0.198
0.196
0.195
0.192
0.221
0.219
0.218
0.216
0.215
0.212
0.211
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
Mass
Per
Metre
Designation
Thickness
Size
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
115
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
B
y
Rectangular
D
x
x
t
Mass
Per
Metre
Designation
Size
Thickness
DxB
t
mm
75x50
mm
1.9
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
6.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
3.6
4.0
5.0
1.9
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.3
3.0
3.6
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
6.0
3.0
3.6
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
80x40
90x50
100x50
100x60
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
100x75
120x60
120x80
Area
Of
Section
A
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
kg/m
3.60
4.31
5.59
5.80
7.08
7.88
8.04
8.33
8.53
9.92
5.19
6.71
6.13
7.24
7.97
9.70
4.36
5.23
6.60
7.07
8.59
9.70
10.50
12.30
12.50
7.07
8.37
9.22
11.30
13.20
13.50
6.04
8.02
8.33
10.20
11.50
11.70
12.10
12.80
15.10
8.01
9.50
10.50
12.80
15.10
15.50
11.70
14.40
17.00
17.50
21.40
cm2
4.51
5.40
6.91
7.33
8.95
9.92
10.1
10.5
10.9
12.6
6.61
8.55
7.81
9.23
10.1
12.4
5.46
6.55
8.41
8.93
10.9
12.2
13.4
15.6
15.9
9.01
10.7
11.7
14.4
16.8
17.2
7.70
9.91
10.5
12.9
14.4
14.7
15.3
15.9
18.6
10.2
12.1
13.3
16.4
19.2
19.7
14.9
18.4
21.6
22.2
27.2
Second
Moment Of
Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
J
C
cm4
35.5
41.9
52.2
54.9
65.0
70.6
71.6
73.7
75.6
84.4
52.3
64.8
81.9
94.7
103
121
71.6
84.8
106
112
134
147
158
179
176
121
140
153
181
205
203
112
142
150
180
198
201
208
215
245
189
221
241
287
328
327
295
353
406
408
476
cm
2.81
2.79
2.75
2.74
2.69
2.67
2.66
2.65
2.64
2.58
2.81
2.75
3.24
3.20
3.18
3.12
3.62
3.60
3.56
3.55
3.50
3.47
3.44
3.38
3.32
3.66
3.63
3.60
3.55
3.49
3.44
3.82
3.78
3.77
3.73
3.71
3.70
3.69
3.68
3.63
4.30
4.27
4.25
4.19
4.13
4.07
4.44
4.39
4.33
4.28
4.18
cm
2.05
2.04
2.00
2.00
1.96
1.94
1.93
1.92
1.91
1.87
1.63
1.59
2.05
2.02
2.00
1.96
2.12
2.10
2.07
2.06
2.03
2.00
1.98
1.94
1.91
2.46
2.44
2.42
2.37
2.33
2.30
3.06
3.03
3.02
2.99
2.96
2.96
2.95
2.94
2.89
2.51
2.48
2.47
2.42
2.38
2.35
3.24
3.20
3.15
3.12
3.04
cm3
9.48
11.2
13.9
14.6
17.3
18.8
19.1
19.6
20.2
22.5
13.1
16.2
18.2
21.1
22.8
26.8
14.3
17.0
21.3
22.5
26.8
29.3
31.6
35.8
35.1
24.1
28.0
30.5
36.2
41.1
40.7
22.5
28.4
30.0
36.0
39.6
40.3
41.6
42.9
49.0
31.5
36.8
40.1
47.8
54.7
54.5
49.1
58.9
67.7
68.1
79.3
cm3
7.62
8.96
11.1
11.7
13.7
14.9
15.1
15.5
15.9
17.6
8.78
10.7
13.1
15.1
16.3
18.9
9.82
11.6
14.4
15.2
18.0
19.5
21.0
23.5
23.3
18.2
21.1
22.9
26.9
30.4
30.3
19.3
24.3
25.6
30.8
33.7
34.3
35.4
36.5
41.6
21.5
24.9
27.1
32.0
36.3
36.4
39.3
46.9
53.8
54.3
62.9
cm3
11.4
13.6
17.1
18.0
21.7
23.8
24.2
24.9
25.7
29.2
16.5
20.9
22.6
26.4
28.8
34.4
17.6
21.0
26.7
28.2
34.1
37.6
40.8
46.9
46.9
29.6
34.7
37.9
45.6
52.5
52.8
26.6
33.9
35.9
43.7
48.3
49.2
51.0
52.7
61.0
39.2
46.1
50.5
60.9
70.6
71.2
59.8
72.4
84.3
85.6
102.0
cm3
8.65
10.3
12.9
13.6
16.3
17.9
18.2
18.8
19.3
21.9
10.2
12.8
15.0
17.5
19.1
22.7
10.9
13.0
16.4
17.4
20.9
23.0
25.0
28.5
28.6
20.8
24.3
26.6
31.9
36.6
36.9
21.9
27.9
29.5
35.9
39.6
40.3
41.8
43.2
49.9
24.2
28.4
31.1
37.4
43.1
43.7
45.2
54.7
63.5
64.7
76.9
cm4
39.5
46.9
59.3
62.6
75.3
82.7
84.1
86.8
89.5
102
43.9
55.2
76.7
89.6
97.7
116
58.7
69.9
88.6
93.7
113
124
135
154
158
122
143
156
188
216
223
138
177
187
228
253
257
267
276
320
156
184
201
242
280
289
331
402
469
488
584
cm3
12.5
14.8
18.4
19.3
22.9
24.9
25.2
26.0
26.7
29.8
15.3
18.8
22.4
25.8
28.0
32.7
16.9
20.0
25.0
26.4
31.3
34.2
36.8
41.4
42.1
30.6
35.6
38.7
45.8
51.9
53.0
31.0
39.1
41.3
49.7
54.6
55.5
57.4
59.2
67.7
37.1
43.2
47.0
55.8
63.6
65.1
64.9
77.8
89.4
92.1
108.0
cm4
19.1
22.4
27.8
29.2
34.3
37.2
37.7
38.8
39.7
44.1
17.6
21.5
32.7
37.7
40.7
47.4
24.5
29.0
36.1
38.0
44.9
48.9
52.5
58.7
58.2
54.6
63.3
68.7
80.8
91.2
90.9
72.3
91.1
96.2
115
127
129
133
137
156
64.4
74.8
81.2
96.0
109
109
157
188
215
217
252
Radius Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Torsional
Constants
Surface
Area Per
Metre
m2/m
0.243
0.242
0.240
0.239
0.236
0.235
0.234
0.234
0.233
0.229
0.230
0.226
0.270
0.268
0.266
0.263
0.293
0.292
0.290
0.289
0.286
0.285
0.283
0.279
0.273
0.310
0.308
0.306
0.303
0.299
0.293
0.342
0.340
0.339
0.336
0.335
0.334
0.334
0.333
0.329
0.350
0.348
0.346
0.343
0.339
0.333
0.386
0.383
0.379
0.373
0.366
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
116
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
B
y
Rectangular
D
x
x
t
DxB
t
mm
125x50
mm
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
6.0
6.4
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.4
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
6.0
6.4
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
6.0
6.4
9.0
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
6.0
6.3
6.4
8.0
9.0
9.5
12.7
125x75
150x50
150x75
150x100
Area
Of
Section
A
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
kg/m
6.04
8.02
8.33
10.20
11.50
11.70
12.10
12.80
15.10
15.60
6.95
9.23
9.60
11.80
13.30
14.70
17.20
18.20
9.23
9.60
11.80
13.30
13.50
14.00
14.70
17.30
18.20
10.10
10.90
13.40
15.10
15.30
14.00
16.70
19.70
20.70
27.60
11.58
12.00
14.90
16.90
17.10
17.80
18.30
21.70
22.40
23.20
27.70
31.40
33.30
42.30
cm2
7.70
9.91
10.5
12.9
14.4
14.7
15.3
15.9
18.6
19.4
8.85
11.4
12.1
14.9
16.7
18.4
21.6
22.6
11.4
12.1
14.9
16.7
17.0
17.7
18.4
21.6
22.6
12.9
13.7
16.9
18.9
19.3
20.1
20.9
24.6
25.8
34.5
14.4
15.3
18.9
21.2
21.6
22.5
23.4
27.6
28.5
29.0
35.2
39.0
40.8
50.1
Second
Moment Of
Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
J
C
cm4
148
187
198
238
261
265
274
282
322
322
192
243
257
311
342
373
428
435
299
316
381
420
427
442
456
523
528
380
402
488
539
549
568
588
679
693
865
461
488
595
658
670
695
719
835
848
858
1008
1089
1127
1232
cm
4.39
4.34
4.33
4.28
4.25
4.25
4.23
4.22
4.16
4.08
4.65
4.61
4.60
4.56
4.53
4.50
4.45
4.39
5.12
5.10
5.05
5.02
5.01
5.00
4.99
4.92
4.84
5.42
5.41
5.37
5.34
5.33
5.32
5.31
5.25
5.19
5.01
5.65
5.64
5.60
5.58
5.57
5.56
5.55
5.50
5.45
5.44
5.35
5.29
5.26
4.96
cm
2.15
2.12
2.11
2.07
2.05
2.04
2.04
2.03
1.98
1.95
3.14
3.11
3.10
3.07
3.04
3.02
2.98
2.94
2.15
2.14
2.10
2.08
2.08
2.07
2.06
2.02
1.99
3.17
3.16
3.13
3.11
3.10
3.09
3.08
3.04
3.01
2.89
4.15
4.14
4.10
4.08
4.07
4.06
4.05
4.01
3.98
3.98
3.90
3.85
3.82
3.61
cm3
23.7
29.9
31.6
38.0
41.7
42.4
43.8
45.2
51.5
51.6
30.6
38.9
41.1
49.7
54.8
59.6
68.5
69.6
39.8
42.1
50.9
56.0
57.0
58.9
60.8
69.8
70.4
50.6
53.6
65.1
71.9
73.2
75.8
78.4
90.5
92.4
115
61.4
65.1
79.3
87.7
89.4
92.7
95.9
111
113
114
134
145
150
164
cm3
14.2
17.7
18.7
22.2
24.2
24.6
25.3
26.1
29.3
29.6
23.3
29.5
31.1
37.5
41.2
44.7
51.1
52.2
21.1
22.2
26.5
28.9
29.4
30.3
31.1
35.2
35.7
34.7
36.6
44.2
48.7
49.5
51.2
52.9
60.7
62.2
76.6
49.5
52.5
63.7
70.4
71.7
74.3
76.8
88.8
90.5
91.6
107
115
119
131
cm3
29.9
38.1
40.4
49.0
54.2
55.2
57.2
59.1
68.3
69.6
37.0
47.3
50.1
61.1
67.7
74.1
86.2
88.5
51.4
54.5
66.5
73.6
75.0
77.8
80.5
93.5
95.7
62.5
66.3
81.1
90.0
91.7
95.2
98.6
115
119
153
73.5
78.0
95.7
106
108
113
117
137
140
142
169
185
192
221
cm3
15.7
20.0
21.1
25.5
28.1
28.6
29.6
30.6
35.1
35.9
26.1
33.3
35.3
43.0
47.5
52.0
60.3
62.1
23.5
24.9
30.1
33.2
33.8
35.0
36.2
41.7
42.9
38.7
41.0
50.1
55.5
56.5
58.6
60.7
70.6
73.1
93.6
55.8
59.2
72.5
80.5
82.1
85.2
88.3
103
106
107
128
140
145
167
cm4
93.9
119
126
152
167
170
176
182
209
217
190
243
258
315
349
382
444
467
150
159
192
212
215
223
230
264
275
312
331
404
448
457
474
491
572
603
775
507
539
662
736
751
780
809
948
992
1005
1206
1320
1374
1619
cm3
25.3
31.6
33.4
39.8
43.5
44.2
45.6
47.0
53.1
54.7
39.1
49.5
52.3
63.1
69.5
75.6
86.7
90.3
38.3
40.4
48.3
52.9
53.7
55.4
57.1
64.8
66.9
59.8
63.3
76.6
84.4
85.9
88.9
91.9
105.8
110.4
138.1
81.4
86.2
105
116
118
123
127
147
152
154
182
197
204
234
cm4
35.5
44.4
46.7
55.6
60.6
61.5
63.4
65.2
73.3
74.0
87.5
111
117
141
155
168
192
196
52.6
55.5
66.2
72.2
73.4
75.7
77.9
87.9
89.3
130
137
166
183
186
192
198
228
233
287
248
262
319
352
358
371
384
444
453
458
536
577
597
655
Radius Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Torsional
Constants
Surface
Area Per
Metre
m2/m
0.342
0.340
0.339
0.336
0.335
0.334
0.334
0.333
0.329
0.323
0.392
0.390
0.389
0.386
0.385
0.383
0.379
0.373
0.390
0.389
0.386
0.385
0.384
0.384
0.383
0.379
0.373
0.440
0.439
0.436
0.435
0.434
0.434
0.433
0.429
0.423
0.411
0.490
0.489
0.486
0.485
0.484
0.484
0.483
0.479
0.473
0.473
0.466
0.461
0.459
0.435
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
Mass
Per
Metre
Designation
Size
Thickness
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
117
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
B
y
Rectangular
D
x
x
t
Mass
Per
Metre
Designation
Size
Thickness
DxB
t
mm
160x80
mm
5.0
6.0
8.0
4.8
6.4
9.5
12.7
4.8
6.4
9.5
12.7
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
9.0
9.5
12.0
12.7
4.5
6.0
6.3
9.0
9.5
12.0
12.7
5.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
6.0
6.3
10.0
6.0
6.3
8.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
6.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
12.5
175x100
175x125
200x100
200x150
250x150
COLD HOLLOW SECTIONS
300x100
300x200
400x200
Area
Of
Section
A
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
kg/m
17.50
20.70
26.40
19.70
25.70
37.10
47.30
21.60
28.30
40.90
52.40
18.00
20.50
22.30
26.40
27.40
33.90
40.52
40.90
49.10
52.40
25.40
31.10
33.30
45.30
48.40
58.50
62.50
30.10
35.80
37.20
46.50
52.30
57.00
66.00
68.30
35.8
37.2
57.0
45.20
47.10
59.10
66.50
72.70
84.80
88.00
54.70
71.60
80.60
88.40
104.00
108.00
cm2
22.4
26.4
33.6
24.9
32.2
45.5
56.5
27.3
35.4
50.3
62.8
22.9
25.7
28.4
33.6
34.8
43.2
48.0
50.3
60.1
62.8
30.2
39.6
41.1
57.0
59.8
72.1
75.5
38.4
45.6
47.4
59.2
66.0
72.6
84.1
87.0
45.6
47.4
72.6
57.6
60.0
75.2
84.0
92.6
108
112
69.6
91.2
102
113
132
137
Second
Moment Of
Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm4
722
836
1001
1013
1260
1673
1867
1187
1487
1999
2286
1200
1331
1459
1703
1739
2091
2276
2362
2607
2679
1761
2268
2330
3097
3225
3668
3794
3304
3886
4001
4886
5369
5825
6458
6633
4777
4907
7106
7370
7624
9389
10370
11310
12790
13180
14790
18970
21020
23000
26250
27100
cm4
244
281
335
426
528
694
777
708
886
1184
1356
411
455
497
577
591
705
764
792
876
898
1135
1457
1499
1985
2066
2353
2432
1508
1768
1825
2219
2433
2634
2925
3002
842
868
1224
3962
4104
5042
5561
6058
6854
7060
5092
6517
7204
7864
8977
9260
Radius Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Torsional
Constants
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
Axis
x-x
Axis
y-y
J
C
cm
5.68
5.62
5.46
6.38
6.26
6.06
5.75
6.60
6.49
6.30
6.03
7.23
7.20
7.17
7.12
7.06
6.95
6.89
6.85
6.59
6.53
7.64
7.56
7.53
7.37
7.34
7.14
7.09
9.28
9.23
9.18
9.08
9.02
8.96
8.77
8.73
10
10
10
11.3
11.3
11.2
11.1
11.1
10.9
10.8
14.6
14.4
14.4
14.3
14.1
14.1
cm
3.30
3.26
3.16
4.14
4.05
3.90
3.71
5.09
5.01
4.85
4.65
4.23
4.21
4.19
4.14
4.12
4.04
3.99
3.97
3.82
3.78
6.13
6.06
6.04
5.90
5.88
5.71
5.67
6.27
6.23
6.20
6.12
6.07
6.02
5.90
5.87
4.30
4.28
4.11
8.29
8.27
8.19
8.14
8.09
7.96
7.94
8.55
8.45
8.40
8.36
8.24
8.22
cm3
90.2
105
125
116
144
191
213
136
170
228
261
120
133
146
170
174
209
228
236
261
268
176
227
233
310
322
367
379
264
311
320
391
430
466
517
531
318
327
474
491
508
626
691
754
853
879
739
949
1051
1150
1312
1355
cm3
61.0
70.2
83.7
85.2
106
139
155
113
142
189
217
82.2
90.9
99.4
115
118
141
153
158
175
180
151
194
200
265
275
314
324
201
236
243
296
324
351
390
400
168
174
245
396
410
504
556
606
685
706
509
652
720
786
898
926
cm3
113
132
163
142
180
246
288
163
207
285
340
148
165
181
213
219
267
293
306
350
363
209
271
280
379
396
463
482
320
378
391
482
533
582
658
678
411
425
631
588
610
757
840
921
1056
1091
906
1173
1305
1434
1656
1714
cm3
69.7
81.3
100
96.7
122
166
195
129
164
226
270
91.7
102
112
132
135
165
180
188
215
223
172
223
230
312
326
380
396
225
266
276
340
375
409
463
477
188
194
285
446
463
574
637
698
801
828
562
728
809
888
1027
1062
cm4
601
702
882
969
1251
1719
2052
1410
1832
2554
3129
985
1097
1206
1417
1483
1811
1988
2073
2414
2496
2169
2826
2965
4055
4244
5099
5316
3285
3886
4078
5050
5596
6121
7088
7315
2403
2515
3681
8115
8524
10630
11820
12990
15240
15770
12070
15820
17620
19370
22780
23590
cm3
106
122
150
144
182
243
283
184
234
317
377
142
157
172
200
208
250
272
282
322
331
243
313
325
435
454
532
552
337
396
412
504
554
602
684
704
306
318
455
651
680
838
927
1012
1167
1204
877
1133
1255
1373
1591
1644
Surface
Area Per
Metre
m2/m
0.463
0.459
0.446
0.534
0.523
0.509
0.485
0.584
0.573
0.559
0.535
0.586
0.585
0.583
0.579
0.573
0.566
0.561
0.559
0.538
0.535
0.685
0.679
0.673
0.661
0.659
0.638
0.635
0.783
0.779
0.773
0.766
0.761
0.757
0.738
0.736
0.779
0.773
0.757
0.979
0.973
0.966
0.961
0.957
0.938
0.936
1.18
1.17
1.16
1.16
1.14
1.14
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
118
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
CHANNELS
116
Channels
Rolling tolerances – EN 10279 : 2000
This European standard specifies requirements for the tolerances on dimensions,
shape and mass on hot rolled steel channels with parallel flanges.
Designation
Property
Height
h
Flange
width
b
Web
thickness
s
Flange
thickness
t
Heel radius
Range
Tolerance
mm
h 65
65< h 200
200< h 400
400 < h
mm
± 1.5
± 2.0
± 3.0
± 4.0
b 50
50 < b 100
100 < b 125
125 < b
± 1.5
± 2.0
± 2.5
± 3.0
s 10
10 s 15
15 s
± 0.5
± 0.7
± 1.0
t 10
10 t 15
15 t
Tolerance limited
by weight
-0.5
-1
-1.5
r3
Out of
squareness
All Sizes
< 0.3 * t
b 100
2
K + K’
100 < b
2% of b
Web
flatness
h 100
± 0.5
f
100< h 200
± 1.0
200< h 400
± 1.5
400 < h
± 1.5
h 150
150< h 300
300 < h
h 150
150< h 300
300 < h
h 125
125 < h
0.30% L
0.20% L
0.15% L
0.50% L
0.30% L
0.20% L
± 6.0%
± 4.0%
(x direction)
Straightness
(y direction)
Mass per unit length
Standard
Alternative Standard (by
agreement)
kg/m
Length
L
All
100
0
All
50
-50
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
CHANNELS
Straightness
119
CHANNELS
y
Tapered Flange
r2
T
r1
D
x
x
cy
t
B
Metric
Designation
Size
Thickness
Root
Toe
Radius
Area
Centre
Second
Radius
Elastic
Of
Section
Of
Gravity
Moment
Of Area
Of
Gyration
Modulus
Mass
Per
Metre
Web
t
T
r1
r2
A
Cy
Ix
Iy
rx
ry
Zx
Zy
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm2
cm
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
cm3
cm4
50x25x5
3.86
5.0
6.0
6
3
4.92
0.81
16.8
2.49
1.85
0.71
6.73
1.48
75x40x5
6.92
5.0
7.0
8
4
8.82
1.27
75.9
12.4
2.93
1.19
20.2
4.54
100x50x5
9.36
5.0
7.5
8
4
11.9
1.55
189
26.9
3.99
1.50
37.8
7.82
125x65x6
13.40
6.0
8.0
8
4
17.1
1.94
425
65.5
4.99
1.96
68.0
14.4
150x75x6.5
18.60
6.5
10.0
10
5
23.7
2.31
864
122
6.04
2.27
115
23.6
150x75x9
24.00
9.0
12.5
15
7.5
30.5
2.31
1060
151
5.90
2.22
141
29.1
180x75x7
21.40
7.0
10.5
11
5.5
27.2
2.15
1380
137
7.12
2.24
154
25.5
200x80x7.5
24.60
7.5
11.0
12
6
31.3
2.24
1950
177
7.89
2.38
195
30.8
200x90x8
30.30
8.0
13.5
14
7
38.7
2.77
2490
286
8.02
2.72
249
45.9
230x80x8
28.40
8.0
12.0
13
6.5
36.1
2.15
2900
200
8.96
2.35
252
34.2
250x90x9
34.60
9.0
13.0
14
7
44.1
2.42
4180
306
9.74
2.63
335
46.5
250x90x11
40.20
11.0
14.5
17
8.5
51.2
2.39
4690
342
9.47
2.58
375
51.7
300x90x9
38.10
9.0
12.0
14
7
48.6
2.23
6440
325
11.5
2.59
429
48.0
300x90x10
43.80
10.0
15.5
19
9.5
55.7
2.33
7400
373
11.5
2.59
494
56.0
300x90x12
48.60
12.0
16.0
19
9.5
61.9
2.28
7870
379
11.3
2.48
525
56.4
380x100x10.5
54.50
10.5
16.0
18
9
69.4
2.41
14500
557
14.5
2.83
762
73.3
380x100x13
62.00
13.0
16.5
18
9
79.0
2.29
15600
584
14.1
2.72
822
75.8
380x100x13
67.30
13.0
20.0
24
12
85.7
2.25
17600
655
14.3
2.76
926
87.8
DxBxt
Flange
y
Note : The flange thickness is measured at the centre of the flange
CHANNELS
120
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
CHANNELS
y
Tapered Flange
T
D
x
x
t
Cy
B
Imperial
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
Depth
Width
Thickness
Area
Of
Of
Web Flange
Of
Section Section
Section
Centre
Of
Gravity
Second
moment
Of Area
y
Radius
Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
A
Cy
Ix
Iy
rx
ry
Zx
Zy
Sx
Sy
kg/m
B
mm
T
lb/ft
D
mm
t
in x in
mm
mm
cm2
cm
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
3x11/2
4.5
6.7
76.2
38.1
5.1
6.8
8.62
1.12
75.1
10.1
2.95
1.08
19.71
3.78
23.7
7.5
4x2
7
10.42
101.6
50.8
6.1
7.6
13.16
1.41
206
27.7
3.95
1.48
40.51
7.64
48.7
14.9
5x21/2
10
14.90
127.0
63.5
6.4
9.2
18.79
1.82
477
64.7
5.04
1.88
75.1
14.5
89.1
27.7
6x3
12
17.88
152.4
76.2
6.4
9.0
22.48
2.04
838
109
6.11
2.24
110
20
129
38.3
6x31/2
16
23.84
152.4
88.9
7.1
11.6
30.02
2.67
1154
210
6.20
2.66
151.4
34.5
177
63.7
7x3
14
20.84
177.8
76.2
6.6
10.3
26.39
2.05
1329
129
7.10
2.25
149.5
23.6
176
45.3
(British Channels)
CHANNELS
Note : The flange thickness is measured at the centre of the flange
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
121
CHANNELS
y
Tapered Flange
T
D
x
x
t
B
Imperial
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
Depth
Width
Thickness
Area
Of
Of
Web Flange
Of
Section Section
Section
Centre
Of
Gravity
Second
moment
Of Area
y
Radius
Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
A
Cy
Ix
Iy
rx
ry
Zx
Zy
Sx
Sy
kg/m
B
mm
T
lb/ft
D
mm
t
in x in
mm
mm
cm2
cm
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
3x13/8
4.1
6.1
76.2
35.0
4.3
6.9
7.81
1.06
69.11
8.0
2.98
1.01
18.14
3.27
21.7
6.4
3x11/2
5
7.4
76.2
37.0
6.6
6.9
9.48
1.06
76.58
9.6
2.85
1.01
20.1
3.65
24.9
7.36
3x15/8
6
8.90
76.2
40.0
9
6.9
11.30
1.13
86.37
12.1
2.76
1.03
22.67
4.2
28.7
8.8
4x15/8
5.4
8.00
101.6
40.0
4.7
7.5
10.30
1.15
160.3
13.8
3.97
1.16
31.56
4.89
37.8
9.4
4x13/4
7.2
10.80
101.6
43.0
8.2
7.5
13.70
1.13
190.8
17.4
3.72
1.12
37.56
5.48
47
11.3
5x13/4
6.7
10.40
127.0
47.0
4.8
8.1
12.70
1.29
332.4
24.3
5.01
1.36
52.34
7.19
61.8
14.1
5x17/8
9
13.00
127.0
48.0
8.3
8.1
17.00
1.21
371.3
27.4
4.66
1.27
58.47
7.65
73.1
15.3
6x17/8
8.2
12.20
152.4
48.0
5.1
8.7
15.50
1.26
548.4
29.2
5.94
1.37
72
8.3
85.6
16.1
6x2
10.5
15.60
152.4
51.0
8
8.7
19.90
1.24
630
36
5.63
1.35
82.68
9.36
103
18.7
6X21/8
13
19.30
152.4
54.0
11.1
8.7
24.70
1.28
720.8
42.4
5.41
1.31
94.59
10.3
121
22.1
7x21/8
9.8
14.60
177.8
53.0
5.3
9.3
18.50
1.36
895.5
42.7
6.94
1.52
100.7
10.9
120
21.1
7x21/4
12.25
18.20
177.8
55.0
8
9.3
23.20
1.31
1007
49.2
6.59
1.46
113.3
11.8
140
23.4
7x21/4
14.75
22.00
177.8
58.0
10.6
9.3
27.90
1.33
1143
56.8
6.39
1.42
128.6
12.7
163
27
8x21/4
11.5
17.10
203.0
57.0
5.6
9.9
21.80
1.44
1340
53.8
7.86
1.57
132
12.6
156
27.6
8x23/8
13.7
20.50
203.0
59.0
7.7
9.9
26.10
1.39
1490
62
7.57
1.54
147
13.7
177
30
8x21/2
18.5
27.90
203.0
64.0
12.4
9.9
35.50
1.43
1820
81.7
7.15
1.51
179
16.4
226
35.9
9x23/8
13.4
19.90
228.6
61.0
5.9
10.5
25.40
1.50
1991
76.1
8.86
1.73
174.2
16.7
208
31.9
9x21/2
15
22.00
228.6
63.0
7.2
10.5
28.10
1.49
2132
85.3
8.66
1.73
186.5
17.8
226
34.3
9x25/8
20
30.00
228.6
67.0
11.4
10.5
37.90
1.47
2544
103
8.19
1.65
222.5
19.8
282
41
10x25/8
15.3
22.80
254.0
65.0
6.1
11.1
29.00
1.58
2770
91.2
9.81
1.78
218
18.5
257
40.3
10x23/4
20
30.00
254.0
69.0
9.6
11.1
37.90
1.53
3260
114
9.29
1.74
257
21.2
315
46.5
10x27/8
25
37.00
254.0
73.0
13.4
11.1
47.40
1.56
3790
138
8.93
1.70
298
24
377
52.6
10x3
30
45.00
254.0
76.0
17.1
11.1
56.90
1.63
4270
158
8.68
1.67
336
26.5
434
57.4
12x3
20.7
30.80
305.0
74.0
7.2
12.7
39.30
1.74
5340
157
11.70
2.00
350
27.7
415
60.2
12x3
25
37.00
305.0
77.0
9.8
12.7
47.40
1.70
5970
183
11.20
1.97
391
30.5
477
66
12x31/8
30
45.00
305.0
80.0
13
12.7
56.90
1.70
6720
209
10.90
1.92
441
33.2
551
72.1
15x33/8
33.9
50.40
381.0
86.0
10.2
16.5
64.30
1.99
13100
334
14.30
2.28
688
50.5
825
107
15x31/2
40
60.00
381.0
89.0
13.2
16.5
76.10
1.97
14400
379
13.80
2.24
756
54.7
934
115
15x33/4
50
74.00
381.0
94.0
18.2
16.5
94.80
2.02
16700
454
13.30
2.19
877
61.5
1120
130
CHANNELS
(American Standard Channels)
122
Cy
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
CHANNELS
y
Tapered Flange
T
D
x
x
t
Cy
B
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
Depth
Width
Area
Thickness
Of
Of
Web Flange
Of
Section Section
Section
Centre
Of
Gravity
Second
moment
Of Area
y
Radius
Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
A
Cy
Ix
Iy
rx
ry
Zx
Zy
Sx
Sy
kg/m
B
mm
T
lb/ft
D
mm
t
in x in
mm
mm
cm2
cm
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
6x21/2
12
17.90
152.0
63.0
7.9
9.5
22.80
1.63
773
69.8
5.83
1.75
101.7
15.1
123
29.6
6x3
15.1
22.50
152.0
74.0
8
12.1
28.60
2.18
1033
134
6.01
2.16
135.9
25.8
162
49.7
6x31/2
15.3
22.80
152.0
88.0
8.6
9.8
29.00
2.31
1050
178
6.01
2.48
138.2
27.9
164
55.2
6x3
16.3
24.30
152.0
76.0
9.5
12.1
30.90
2.17
1081
147
5.91
2.17
142.2
27.2
171
53.3
6x31/2
18
26.80
152.0
88.0
9.6
12.1
34.10
2.53
1223
219
5.99
2.54
160.9
35.4
192
68.7
7x31/2
19.1
28.40
178.0
87.0
8.9
127.0
36.20
2.46
1797
230
7.05
2.52
201.9
37.4
239
72.2
7x35/8
22.7
33.80
178.0
91.0
12.8
12.7
43.00
2.42
1973
271
6.77
2.51
221.7
40.8
271
80.9
8x17/8
8.5
12.60
203.0
47.0
4.5
7.9
16.10
1.07
971.2
27.1
7.77
1.30
95.69
7.53
115
14.5
8x3
18.7
27.80
203.0
75.0
9
12.7
35.50
1.99
2171
160
7.83
2.13
213.9
29.3
258
56.8
8x3
20
29.80
203.0
76.0
10.2
12.7
37.90
1.97
2261
167
7.72
2.10
222.7
29.8
271
58.7
8x31/2
21.4
31.80
203.0
87.0
9.5
13.3
40.50
2.36
2555
251
7.94
2.49
251.7
40
300
78
8x31/2
22.8
33.90
203.0
88.0
10.8
13.3
43.2
2.33
2645
262
7.83
2.46
260.6
40.7
314
80.3
9x31/2
23.9
35.60
229.0
87.0
10.2
14.0
45.30
2.29
3547
275
8.84
2.46
309.8
43.2
373
83.8
9x31/2
25.4
37.80
229.0
88.0
11.4
14.0
48.20
2.26
3670
286
8.73
2.44
320.5
43.9
389
86.3
10x11/2
8.4
12.50
254.0
38.0
4.3
7.1
15.90
0.71
1354
14.1
9.20
0.94
106.6
4.59
132
9.14
10x33/8
22
33.00
254.0
84.0
7.4
14.6
41.60
2.30
4310
255
10.13
2.46
339.4
42.2
397
81.3
10x33/8
25
37.00
254.0
86.0
9.7
14.0
47.40
2.25
4543
285
9.81
2.46
357.7
45.3
430
86.5
10x4
28.5
42.40
254.0
100.0
10.8 .614.6
54.00
2.58
5257
433
9.87
2.83
414
59
496
114
10x41/8
33.6
50.00
254.0
104.0
145
14.6
63.70
2.55
5750
498
9.52
2.80
452.8
63.8
558
126
10x43/8
41.1
61.20
254.0
110.0
20.2
14.6
78.10
2.59
6550
582
9.17
2.73
515.8
69.2
654
146
12x11/2
10.6
15.80
305.0
38.0
4.8
7.8
20.00
0.69
2338
15.9
10.78
0.89
153.3
5.08
196
10.8
12X35/8
31
46.00
305.0
93.0
9.4
17.8
58.90
2.61
8292
436
12.00
2.74
543.7
65
661
129
12x33/4
35
52.00
305.0
96.0
11.8
17.8
66.20
2.55
8998
487
11.67
2.71
590.1
68.7
726
138
12x37/8
40
60.00
305.0
98.0
15
17.8
76.10
2.48
9732
526
11.33
2.63
638.2
71.5
798
146
12x4
45
67.00
305.0
102.0
18
17.8
85.02
2.53
10510
597
11.10
2.65
689
77.5
873
161
12x41/8
50
74.00
305.0
105.0
21.2
17.8
94.80
2.59
11140
664
10.87
2.65
730.7
83.5
939
175
13x4
31.8
47.30
330.0
102.0
9.5
15.5
60.30
2.58
9986
500
12.87
2.88
605.2
65.1
739
136
13x41/8
35
52.00
330.0
103.0
11.4
15.5
66.40
2.50
10500
526
12.58
2.82
636.1
67
786
140
13x41/8
40
60.00
330.0
106.0
14.2
15.5
76.01
2.45
11470
576
12.27
2.75
694.9
70.2
870
150
13x43/8
50
74.00
330.0
112.0
20
15.5
94.80
2.52
12990
708
11.74
2.74
787.4
81
1016
175
18x4
42.7
63.50
457.0
100.0
11.4
15.9
81.30
2.11
23040
535
16.88
2.57
1008
67.4
1263
141
18x4
45.8
68.20
457.0
102.0
12.7
15.9
87.10
2.12
24010
576
16.64
2.58
1051
70.9
1330
149
18x41/8
51.9
77.20
457.0
104.0
15.2
15.9
98.70
2.10
26090
611
16.29
2.49
1142
73.2
1463
159
18x41/8
58
86.00
457.0
107.0
17.8
15.9
110.00
2.14
27850
682
16.00
2.50
1219
79.3
1587
173
CHANNELS
Imperial
(American Standard Channels)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
123
CHANNELS
y
Parallel Flange
T
r1
D
x
x
cy
t
B
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
DxB
Metre
100x50
125x65
150x75
150x90
180x75
180x90
200x75
200x90
230x75
230x90
250x90
260x75
260x90
300x90
300x100
380x100
430x100
kg/m
10.2
14.8
17.9
23.9
20.3
26.1
23.4
29.7
25.7
32.2
35.5
27.6
34.8
41.4
45.5
54.0
64.4
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
DxB
Metre
100x50
125x65
150x75
150x90
180x75
180x90
200x75
200x90
230x75
230x90
250x90
260x75
260x90
300x90
300x100
380x100
430x100
kg/m
10.2
14.8
17.9
23.9
20.3
26.1
23.4
29.7
25.7
32.2
35.5
27.6
34.8
41.4
45.5
54.0
64.4
Thickness
Root
Depth
Area Of
Web
Flange Radius Between Section
Fillets
t
T
r1
d
A
mm
5.0
5.5
5.5
6.5
6.0
6.5
6.0
7.0
6.5
7.5
8.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.5
11.0
mm
8.5
9.5
10.0
12.0
10.5
12.5
12.5
14.0
12.5
14.0
15.0
12.0
14.0
15.5
16.5
17.5
19.0
mm
9
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
15
15
15
mm
65.0
82.0
106
102
135
131
151
148
181
178
220
212
208
245
237
315
362
cm2
13.0
18.8
22.8
30.4
25.9
33.2
29.9
37.9
32.7
41.0
45.2
35.1
44.4
52.7
58.0
68.7
82.1
Centre
Of
Gravity
Cy
cm
1.73
2.25
2.58
3.30
2.41
3.17
2.48
3.12
2.30
2.92
2.86
2.10
2.74
2.60
3.05
2.79
2.62
Radius
Of Gyration
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Elastic
Modulus
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
Plastic
Modulus
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
cm
4.00
5.07
6.15
6.18
7.27
7.40
8.11
8.16
9.17
9.27
9.99
10.1
10.3
11.7
11.9
14.8
16.3
cm3
41.5
77.3
115
155
152
202
196
252
239
306
361
278
364
481
549
791
1020
cm3
48.9
89.9
132
179
176
232
227
291
278
355
421
328
425
568
641
933
1222
cm
1.58
2.06
2.40
2.89
2.38
2.89
2.39
2.89
2.35
2.86
2.84
2.30
2.82
2.77
3.13
3.06
2.97
cm3
9.89
18.8
26.6
44.4
28.8
47.4
33.8
53.4
34.8
55.0
59.3
34.4
56.3
63.1
81.7
89.2
97.9
cm3
17.5
33.2
47.2
76.9
51.8
83.5
60.6
94.5
63.2
98.9
107
62.0
102
114
148
161
176
CHANNELS
124
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
y
Ratios For
Local
Buckling
Flange
Web
Second Moment
Of Area
Axis
Axis
x-x
y-y
B/T
5.88
6.84
7.50
7.50
7.14
7.20
6.00
6.43
6.00
6.43
6.00
6.25
6.43
5.81
6.06
5.71
5.26
d/t
13.0
14.9
19.3
15.7
22.5
20.2
25.2
21.1
27.8
23.7
27.5
30.3
26.0
27.2
26.3
33.2
32.9
cm4
208
483
861
1162
1370
1817
1963
2523
2748
3518
4510
3619
4728
7218
8229
15030
21940
cm4
32.3
80.0
131
253
146
277
170
314
181
334
364
185
353
404
568
643
722
Buckling
Parameter
Torsional
Index
Warping
Constant
Torsional
Constant
u
x
H
J
10.0
11.1
13.1
10.8
15.3
12.8
14.8
12.9
17.3
15.1
15.5
20.5
17.2
18.4
17.0
21.2
22.5
dm6
0.000491
0.00194
0.00467
0.00890
0.00754
0.0141
0.0107
0.0197
0.0153
0.0279
0.0359
0.0203
0.0379
0.0581
0.0813
0.150
0.219
cm4
2.53
4.72
6.10
11.8
7.34
13.3
11.1
18.3
11.8
19.3
23.8
11.7
20.6
28.8
36.8
45.7
63.0
0.942
0.942
0.946
0.936
0.946
0.949
0.956
0.954
0.947
0.950
0.948
0.932
0.942
0.934
0.944
0.932
0.917
PURLINS
122
Purlins
PURLINS
General
Introduction
Light-gauge plain and lipped channels are cold roll-formed from hot-rolled steel
strips/coils of material according to JIS 3101 Grade SS400 (1995), or EN 10025
(1993). The sections are cold roll-formed according to JIS 3350 Grade SSC400 (1987),
SPIM C100, SS104 (1996), or BS 5950 Part 7 (1992). The cold roll-forming of
channels produces sections with excellent mechanical properties and yet light in
weight. They are specially designed to ensure the ability to resist forces applied onto
them.
High-tensile galvanised C and Z purlins (sections) are cold roll-formed from high
tensile Zinc coated steel sheets according to ASTM A446 (replaced by ASTM A653
(1997) and A924 (1997). Due to the lightweight, the high strength of the steel and the
Zinc-coated surface, high-tensile galvanised C and Z purlins are versatile and
economic in use. They require minimal maintenance throughout the life span of the
buildings.
The light-gauge channels and high-tensile galvanised purlins are suitable for roofing
and wall cladding supports and for structural frames of buildings. Because of the
lightweight of the sections, no heavy equipment is needed to move them from one
place to another, or for the fabrication of the structure.
Z-Purlin
C-Purlin
Figure 9 – C and Z Purlins
Material specifications
Light-Gauge Plain and Lipped Channels
Specification
Strength
Yield
2
JIS 3350 SSC400
SPIM C100
Tolerances
Tensile
2
Height
Side
N/mm
N/mm
H<150
150-300
H>300
min. 245
-
400-540
min. 295
±1.5mm
±1.5mm
±2.0mm
±2.0mm
±3.0mm
±3.0mm
SS 104
250/450
430/480
±1.5mm
±2.0mm
±3.0mm
BS5950 Part7*
min. 235
340-470
±1.0mm
±1.25mm
±2.0mm
Notes:
Lip
Corner
Angle
±1.5mm
±1.5mm
±2.0mm
±2.0mm
±1.5°
-
±1.5mm
±2.0mm
±1.0°
As for Height ±2.0/±3.0
±1.0°
*For BS5950 Part 7: The yield and tensile strengths are given by EN 10025 (1993) and are the smallest strengths
from this standard. The intervals between heights are: H<50mm, 50-100, 100-200, H>200mm (first interval
excluded here). The tolerance for the side length is split in two t<3mm/ 3 t <8mm.
Table 19 – Purlins: Material specifications and tolerances
125
PURLINS
123
PURLINS
Specification
Length
JIS 3350 SSC400
Thickness
L7m
L>7m
*L6m
*L>6m
+40mm
7m+Xm:
X*5mm
-0mm
1.6mm
2.0mm
2.8mm
-2.3mm
3.0mm
4.0mm
-3.2mm
-4.5mm
6.0mm
±0.22mm
±0.25mm
±0.28mm
±0.30mm
±0.45mm
±0.60mm
±0.22mm
±0.25mm
±0.28mm
±0.30mm
±0.45mm
±0.60mm
+0.20mm
+0.20mm
+0.25mm
+0.30mm
+0.35mm
+0.40mm
-0.10mm
-0.12mm
-0.15mm
-0.17mm
-0.20mm
-0.22mm
±0.17mm
±0.18mm
±0.20mm
±0.22mm
±0.24mm
±0.26mm
+40mm
SPIM C100
+40mm
-0mm
7m+Xm:
X*5mm
+40mm
SS104*
+30mm
-5.0mm
6m+Xm:
X*5mm
+40mm
±3.0mm
BS5950 P7**
Notes:
*For SS104 the tolerance for the length has a change at 6 metres, and the intervals between the thickness are:
t<2.0mm, 2.0-2.5, 2.5-3.0, 3.0-3.5, 3.5-4.0, 4.0-4.5, 4.5-5.0, 5.0-6.0mm (the two last intervals excluded from the
table).
**For BS5950 Part 7 the intervals between thickness are: t<2.0mm, 2.0-2.5, 2.5-3.0, 3.0-4.0, 4.0-5.0, 5.0-6.0, 6.07.0, 8.0-10.0, 10.0-12.5, 12.5-15.0, 15.0-25.0mm, (the five last intervals excluded from the table).
Table 20 – Purlins: Tolerances on length and thickness
High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins
Steel grade
AS 1397 G450
AS 1397 G500
AS 1397 G550
Base steel
Mechanical properties
Thickness
Yield
strength
mm
N/mm
N/mm
%
1.5, 1.9, 2.4, 3.0
1.2
1.0
450
500
550
490
520
550
9
7
2
2
Tensile
strength
2
Minimum
elongation
Chemical properties
C
P
Mn
Max (%) Max (%) Max (%)
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.04
0.04
0.04
1.2
1.2
1.2
S
Max (%)
0.03
0.03
0.03
Table 21 – High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Mechanical properties/Tolerances
Storage and handling
C and Z Purlins should be kept dry during storage before use. They should be stacked
clear of the ground with timber sleepers and covered to prevent bundles from getting
wet. If bundles become wet during transportation or storage, the purlins must be
separated and wiped dry with clean cloth as soon as possible.
Care must be taken to prevent bundles or loose pieces from dropping to the ground or
banging against the building during loading and unloading, or when lifting onto the top
of the building.
126
PURLINS
124
PURLINS
Holing and cleating for C Purlins
The figures under show the positioning of the holes on both the purlins. Z and C
sections are normally supplied with holes punched to the Australian institute Steel
Construction (AISC) gauge lines, except, in Victoria where the 150 series sections are
punched to the structural Steel Fabricators Association, Victoria recommended gauge
lines.
35mm
22mm
G (Gauge line)
DH
Nominal section
size (mm)
G (mm)
DH
(mm)
100
150-Victoria only
150-other states
200
250
300
350
40
70
60
110
160
210
210
18
18
18
18
18
22
22
Figure 10 – Holing and cleats for C purlins
The holes are required at cleat supports at ends of laps and at bridging points. For the
webs of 300 and 350 sections, centreline holes are also available on request, and may
be combined with cleat holes to provide 3-bolt fastening to the cleats. For the 100,
150, 200, and 250 deep sections the holes are elongated with dimensions of 18mm x
22mm suitable for M12 bolts. For the 300 and 350 deep sections the holes are 22mm
diameter suitable for M16 bolts. Sections are also available unpunched if required.
127
PURLINS
125
PURLINS
130 mm
80 mm
X
Y
B
Nominal section size (mm)
X
B
Y
t
(thickness)
Gap
DH
100
150-Victoria only
150-other states
200
250
300
350
40
70
60
110
160
210
260
40
50
55
55
55
65
65
105
145
145
195
245
305
355
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
10
6010
10
10
10
20
20
18
18
18
18
18
22
22
Table 22 – High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Cleat holes position
128
PURLINS
Plain Channels
t
cy
D
x
x
y
60x30
75x45
100x50
125x50
150x65
175x75
200x75
225x75
250x75
Thickness
Area
Centre
Of
Of
Section Gravity
Second
Moment
Of Area
Ix
Iy
cm2
Cy
cm
cm4
cm4
1.6
1.84
0.823
10.3
1.63
2.3
2.59
0.856
14.2
2.25
2.00
1.6
2.56
1.30
23.9
2.84
2.3
3.62
1.34
33.1
3.65
3.0
4.65
1.37
2.44
1.6
3.12
3.47
2.3
4.47
3.0
5.87
t
mm
1.44
2.03
A
Radius
Of
Gyration
rx
cm
ry
cm
Elastic
Modulus
Zx
Plastic
Modulus
case b
Zy
Sx
Sy
Buckling Torsional Warping Torsional
Constant
Index
Constant Constant
u
H
J
dm6 x 10-3
cm4
29.7
0.0101
0.0165
20.4
0.0138
0.0490
0.891
37.7
0.0528
0.0226
0.885
26.1
0.0739
0.0673
12.9 9.51
0.878
19.9
0.0939
0.150
2.14
11.5 3.88
0.901
50.1
0.136
0.0274
14.0
3.03
16.1 5.52
0.898
34.6
0.189
0.0815
17.7
3.88
20.6 7.12
0.895
26.3
0.240
0.181
1.55
22.7
5.05
26.6 9.37
0.890
19.5
0.307
0.430
4.85
1.54
18.8
3.12
22.0 5.72
0.900
43.2
0.315
0.0916
15.1
4.81
1.53
23.9
4.01
28.2 7.46
0.898
32.7
0.397
0.204
19.4
4.76
1.51
30.7
5.22
36.6 9.97
0.896
24.2
0.505
0.483
212
21.4
4.74
1.51
34.0
5.81
40.6 11.2
0.895
21.3
0.555
0.689
1.61
218
25.8
5.90
2.03
29.1
5.29
33.7 9.56
0.902
52.2
1.00
0.114
1.64
279
33.1
5.87
2.02
37.2
6.81
43.4 12.4
0.900
39.7
1.27
0.253
10.67
1.69
361
42.9
5.82
2.00
48.2
8.91
56.6 16.5
0.898
29.4
1.63
0.601
11.9
1.71
401
47.6
5.79
2.00
53.4
9.94
63.0 18.5
0.897
26.0
1.81
0.856
2.3
7.30
1.83
347
40.2
6.89
2.35
39.7
7.09
45.9 12.8
0.902
61.1
2.12
0.132
3.0
9.45
1.86
445
51.5
6.86
2.33
50.8
9.14
59.1 16.6
0.901
46.5
2.70
0.294
9.79
4.0
12.47
1.91
579
67.1
6.81
2.32
66.1
12.0
77.4 22.1
0.899
34.6
3.49
0.697
10.95
4.5
14.0
1.93
643
74.6
6.79
2.31
73.5
13.4
86.3 24.8
0.898
30.6
3.87
0.992
6.18
2.3
7.88
1.71
473
41.7
7.75
2.30
47.3
7.21
55.4 13.0
0.899
70.0
2.88
0.142
8.01
3.0
10.2
1.74
608
53.6
7.72
2.29
60.8
9.30
71.4 16.9
0.898
53.3
3.67
0.316
10.60
4.0
13.5
1.78
792
69.8
7.67
2.28
79.2
12.2
22.7
0.897
39.5
4.74
0.75
11.84
4.5
15.1
1.80
881
77.7
7.64
2.27
88.1
13.6
104 25.6
0.897
35.0
5.24
1.07
6.63
2.3
8.45
1.60
624
43.1
8.60
2.26
55.5
7.30
65.6 13.2
0.894
79.0
3.79
0.152
cm3
cm3
cm3 mm3
2.37 0.944
3.45
0.75
4.00 1.37
0.897
2.34 0.932
4.72
1.05
5.54 1.94
0.891
5.37
3.06
1.45
6.37
1.68
7.22 5.85
7.49
3.02
1.44
8.83
2.37
10.1 7.83
41.7
9.46
2.99
1.43
11.1
3.02
1.32
50.0
7.87
4.01
1.59
10.0
4.43
1.36
69.9
11.0
3.97
1.58
5.70
1.39
88.6
14.0
3.94
1.57
4.0
7.47
1.43
113.3 18.0
3.89
3.92
2.3
5.00
1.21
117
11.8
5.06
3.0
6.45
1.24
149
6.65
4.0
8.47
1.29
192
7.42
4.5
9.46
1.31
4.91
2.3
6.27
6.36
3.0
8.10
8.38
4.0
9.36
4.5
5.73
7.42
94
x
8.59
3.0
11.0
1.63
803
55.4
8.56
2.25
71.3
9.43
84.6 17.3
0.894
60.1
4.83
0.339
11.40
4.0
14.5
1.67
1048
72.2
8.51
2.23
93
12.4
111 23.3
0.893
44.6
6.22
0.80
12.72
4.5
16.2
1.70
1166
80.4
8.48
2.23
104
13.8
124 26.3
0.893
39.4
6.88
1.14
7.08
2.3
9.03
1.50
802
44.3
9.43
2.22
64.2
7.39
76.5 13.4
0.888
88.2
4.84
0.163
9.18
3.0
11.7
1.54
1032
56.9
9.39
2.21
82.5
9.54
98.8 17.6
0.888
67.1
6.17
0.361
12.10
4.0
15.5
1.58
1349
74.3
9.34
2.19
108
12.5
130 23.9
0.888
49.8
7.95
0.86
13.60
4.5
17.3
1.60
1502
82.7
9.31
2.18
120
14.0
145 27.1
0.888
44.0
8.79
1.22
PURLINS
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
DxB
mm
kg/m
B
129
PURLINS
y
Lipped Channels
t
r2
D
x
r1
C
B
PURLINS
Designation
Thickness
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
DxBxC
t
r1
Area
Centre
Of
Of
Section Gravity
Second
Moment
Of Area
Radius
Of
Gyration
Elastic
Plastic
Modulus
y
Buckling Torsional
Constant
Index
A
Cy
Ix
Iy
rx
ry
mm
kg/m
mm
mm mm
cm2
cm
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
60x30x10
1.62
1.6
4.0
2.4
2.05
1.06
11.4 2.50 2.36 1.10 3.81 1.29 4.48 2.12
0.808
1.99
2.0
5.0
3.0
2.50
1.05
13.7 2.93 2.34 1.08 4.56 1.50 5.41 2.54
0.804
2.25
2.3
5.8
3.5
2.83
1.05
15.2 3.20 2.32 1.06 5.06 1.64 6.05 2.57
0.801
75x45x15
130
Inside
Outside
Radius
r2
Zx
Zy
Sx
Sy
x
Cy
u
x
Warp
Torsion
Constant
H
J
dm6 x 10-3
cm4
35.5
0.0219
0.0182
28.3
0.0257
0.0352
24.5
0.0281
0.0530
cm3 cm3 cm3 cm3
2.31
1.6
4.0
2.4
2.93
1.72
26.8 8.59 3.03 1.71 7.15 3.09 8.27 4.62
0.776
46.7
0.129
0.0258
2.86
2.0
5.0
3.0
3.60
1.71
32.5 10.3 3.00 1.69 8.66 3.69 10.1 5.61
0.774
37.2
0.154
0.0499
3.24
2.3
5.8
3.5
4.09
1.71
36.5 11.5 2.99 1.67 9.73 4.11 11.4 6.31
0.772
32.2
0.171
0.0754
4.12
3.0
7.5
4.5
5.18
1.70
44.9 13.8 2.94 1.63 12.0 4.94 14.2 7.79
0.769
24.5
0.206
0.165
4.37
3.2
8.0
4.8
5.48
1.70
47.1 14.4 2.93 1.62 12.6 5.15 14.9 8.18
0.767
22.9
0.215
0.199
100x50x20 2.88
1.6
4.0
2.4
3.65
1.86
57.9 13.8 3.98 1.95 11.6 4.41 13.5 6.73
0.788
62.9
0.373
0.032
3.60
2.0
5.0
3.0
4.50
1.86
70.5 16.7 3.96 1.93 14.1 5.32 16.5 8.22
0.786
50.1
0.450
0.062
4.06
2.3
5.8
3.5
5.13
1.86
79.6 18.7 3.94 1.91 15.9 5.95 18.7 9.28
0.785
43.5
0.503
0.094
5.18
3.0
7.5
4.5
6.53
1.85
0.781
33.1
0.616
0.205
5.50
3.2
8.0
4.8
6.92
1.85
104 24.0 3.88 1.86 20.9 7.60 24.9 12.2
0.780
31.0
0.645
0.248
6.71
4.0
10.0 6.0
8.41
1.84
123 27.7 3.83 1.82 24.7 8.79 29.8 14.5
0.775
24.7
0.747
0.478
99
22.9 3.90 1.87 19.8 7.27 23.6 11.6
7.43
4.5
11.3 6.8
9.29
1.84
134 29.7 3.80 1.79 26.8 9.40 32.6 14.4
0.772
21.8
0.802
0.674
125x50x20 3.95
2.0
5.0
3.0
5.00
1.68
119 18.1 4.88 1.90 19.1 5.46 22.5 7.90
0.820
59.5
0.684
0.069
4.51
2.3
5.8
3.5
5.70
1.68
135 20.3 4.86 1.89 21.5 6.11 25.5 8.91
0.819
51.6
0.767
0.104
5.77
3.0
7.5
4.5
7.28
1.68
169 24.8 4.81 1.85 27.0 7.47 32.2 11.2
0.814
39.4
0.942
0.228
6.13
3.2
8.0
4.8
7.72
1.68
178 26.0 4.80 1.84 28.4 7.82 34.0 11.8
0.813
36.9
0.987
0.275
7.50
4.0
10.0 6.0
9.41
1.67
212 30.2 4.74 1.79 33.9 9.05 40.9 14.1
0.808
29.4
1.15
0.531
8.31
4.5
11.3 6.8
10.4
1.66
231 32.3 4.71 1.76 36.9 9.7 45.0 15.4
0.804
26.1
1.24
0.750
150x65x20 5.50
2.3
5.8
3.5
6.97
2.11
245 40.5 5.93 2.41 32.7 9.23 38.1 13.8
0.840
59.6
2.03
0.126
7.07
3.0
7.5
4.5
8.93
2.10
310 50.2 5.89 2.37 41.3 11.4 48.4 17.4
0.836
45.6
2.53
0.277
7.51
3.2
8.0
4.8
9.48
2.10
327 52.7 5.87 2.36 43.6 12.0 51.2 18.4
0.835
42.7
2.66
0.336
9.22
4.0
10.0 6.0
11.6
2.09
393 62.0 5.82 2.31 52.4 14.1 62.1 22.1
0.831
34.1
3.14
0.649
10.25
4.5
11.3 6.8
12.9
2.09
432 67.1 5.78 2.28 57.5 15.2 68.5 24.2
0.828
30.3
3.41
0.917
175x75x20 6.31
2.3
5.8
3.5
8.00
2.34
386 60.3 6.95 2.75 44.1 11.7 51.1 17.8
0.853
68.0
3.92
0.144
8.13
3.0
7.5
4.5
10.3
2.33
489 75.1 6.90 2.70 55.9 14.5 65.2 22.5
0.850
52.0
4.90
0.318
8.63
3.2
8.0
4.8
10.9
2.33
518 79.1 6.88 2.69 59.1 15.3 69.1 23.7
0.849
48.7
5.17
0.385
10.63
4.0
10.0 6.0
13.4
2.32
626 93.6 6.83 2.64 71.5 18.1 84.1 28.7
0.845
38.9
6.15
0.745
11.84
4.5
11.3 6.8
14.9
2.31
689
102 6.80 2.61 78.7 19.6 93.0 31.6
0.842
34.6
6.71
1.05
200x75x20 6.76
2.3
5.8
3.5
8.58
2.19
527 63.0 7.84 2.71 52.7 11.9 61.5 18.0
0.860
76.8
5.22
0.154
8.71
3.0
7.5
4.5
11.0
2.18
669 78.5 7.79 2.67 66.9 14.8 78.5 22.9
0.856
58.8
6.53
0.340
9.27
3.2
8.0
4.8
11.7
2.18
708 82.6 7.77 2.65 70.8 15.5 83.2 24.3
0.855
55.1
6.89
0.412
11.40
4.0
10.0 6.0
14.4
2.17
857
98
7.71 2.61 85.7 18.4 101 29.5
0.850
44.1
8.22
0.798
12.73
4.5
11.3 6.8
16.0
2.17
945
106 7.68 2.57 94.5 19.9 112 32.6
0.847
39.2
8.98
1.13
PURLINS
Lipped Channels
t
r2
D
x
r1
x
Cy
C
y
Thickness
Inside
Outside
Radius
r1
Area
Centre
Of
Of
Section Gravity
Second
Moment
Of Area
Radius
Of
Gyration
Elastic
Plastic
Modulus
Buckling Torsional
Constant
Index
A
Cy
Ix
Iy
rx
ry
kg/m
mm
mm mm
cm2
cm
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
200x75x25 6.95
2.3
5.8
3.5
8.81
2.33
540 69.0 7.83 2.80 54.0 13.3 63.3 19.6
0.846
8.93
3.0
7.5
4.5
11.3
2.32
687 86.3 7.78 2.76 68.7 16.7 80.8 24.9
0.843
mm
t
r2
Zx
Zy
Sx
Sy
u
x
Warp
Torsion
Constant
H
J
dm6 x 10-3
cm4
79.2
6.07
0.158
60.6
7.62
0.349
cm3 cm3 cm3 cm3
9.52
3.2
8.0
4.8
12.0
2.32
727 90.9 7.77 2.75 72.7 17.5 85.7 26.4
0.842
56.8
8.03
0.423
11.70
4.0
10.0 6.0
14.8
2.31
881
108 7.71 2.70 88.1 20.8 105 32.0
0.838
45.3
9.59
0.819
13.10
4.5
11.3 6.8
16.5
2.31
972
118 7.68 2.67 97.2 22.7 116 35.4
0.835
40.3
10.5
1.16
225x75x20 7.21
2.3
5.8
3.5
9.15
2.06
694 65.3 8.71 2.67 61.7 12.0 72.6 18.3
0.862
85.8
6.74
0.165
9.30
3.0
7.5
4.5
11.8
2.05
883 81.4 8.66 2.63 78.4 14.9 92.8 23.4
0.858
65.8
8.46
0.363
9.89
3.2
8.0
4.8
12.5
2.05
934 85.7 8.64 2.62 83.1 15.7 98.4 24.8
0.857
61.7
8.92
0.439
12.20
4.0
10.0 6.0
15.4
2.05
1134 101 8.58 2.57 101 18.6 120 30.3
0.852
49.4
10.7
0.851
13.61
4.5
11.3 6.8
17.2
2.04
1252 110 8.54 2.53 111 20.2 133 33.6
0.849
43.9
11.6
1.206
225x75x25 7.40
2.3
5.8
3.5
9.38
2.19
713 71.6 8.72 2.76 63.3 13.5 74.6 19.9
0.851
87.9
7.77
0.169
0.372
9.54
3.0
7.5
4.5
12.1
2.19
907 89.6 8.66 2.72 80.6 16.9 95.5 25.3
0.848
67.4
9.76
10.10
3.2
8.0
4.8
12.8
2.18
960 94.4 8.65 2.71 85.4 17.8 101 26.9
0.847
63.1
10.3
0.450
12.50
4.0
10.0 6.0
15.8
2.18
1166 112 8.59 2.66 104 21.1 124 32.8
0.843
50.5
12.3
0.873
14.00
4.5
11.3 6.8
17.6
2.17
1288 122 8.55 2.64 115 23.0 137 36.4
0.840
44.9
13.5
1.24
250x75x20 7.67
2.3
5.8
9.73
1.94
890 67.3 9.57 2.63 71.2 12.1 84.4 18.6
0.861
94.9
8.50
0.175
3.5
9.89
3.0
7.5
4.5
12.5
1.94
1133 83.9 9.51 2.59 90.7 15.1 108 23.8
0.857
72.8
10.7
0.385
10.52
3.2
8.0
4.8
13.3
1.94
1200 88.4 9.49 2.58 96.0 15.9 115 25.3
0.856
68.3
11.3
0.467
12.99
4.0
10.0 6.0
16.4
1.93
1459 105 9.43 2.53 117 18.8 140 31.1
0.851
54.7
13.5
0.905
14.49
4.5
11.3 6.8
18.3
1.93
1612 114 9.39 2.49 129 20.4 155 34.6
0.848
48.7
14.7
1.28
250x75x25 7.85
2.3
5.8
3.5
10
2.07
914 74.0 9.58 2.73 73.1 13.6 86.7 20.1
0.853
96.9
9.73
0.179
10.13
3.0
7.5
4.5
12.8
2.07
1165 92.5 9.53 2.69 93.2 17.0 111 25.8
0.850
74.3
12.2
0.394
10.80
3.2
8.0
4.8
13.6
2.07
1234 97.5 9.51 2.67 98.7 17.9 118 27.4
0.849
69.6
12.9
0.478
13.30
4.0
10.0 6.0
16.8
2.06
1501 116 9.45 2.63 120 21.3 144 33.6
0.844
55.7
15.5
0.926
14.85
4.5
11.3 6.8
18.7
2.06
1659 126 9.41 2.60 133 23.2 160 37.4
0.842
49.5
16.9
1.31
PURLINS
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
DxBxC
131
PURLINS
130
PURLINS
High-Tensile Galvanised C Purlins
y
B
r1
Cy
D
Cx
x
x
r2
t
C
y
Designation
Thickness
Size
Mass Per
Number
Metre
t
D
B
C
Area Of
Section
A
rx
ry
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
C10010
1.78
1.0
102
51
12.5
2.16
36.4
7.55
4.11
1.87
C10012
2.10
1.2
102
51
12.5
2.58
43.2
8.92
4.10
1.86
C10015
2.62
1.5
102
51
13.5
3.23
53.7
11.2
4.08
1.87
C10019
3.29
1.9
102
51
14.5
4.09
67.3
14.2
4.06
1.87
C15012
2.89
1.2
152
64
14.5
3.54
129
18.8
6.04
2.31
C15015
3.59
1.5
152
64
15.5
4.43
161
23.7
6.02
2.31
C15019
4.51
1.9
152
64
16.5
5.61
202
30.0
6.00
2.31
C15024
5.70
2.4
152
64
18.5
7.12
254
38.6
5.98
2.33
C20015
4.49
1.5
203
76
15.5
5.55
353
39.6
7.97
2.67
C20019
5.74
1.9
203
76
19.0
7.13
451
53.1
7.96
2.73
C20024
7.24
2.4
203
76
21.0
9.04
569
68.1
7.93
2.74
C25019
6.50
1.9
254
76
18.5
8.08
762
56.1
9.71
2.64
C25024
8.16
2.4
254
76
20.5
10.20
962
72.1
9.69
2.65
C30024
10.09
2.4
300
96
27.5
12.60
1700
151
11.6
3.46
C30030
12.76
3.0
300
96
31.5
16.00
2130
196
11.6
3.50
C35030
15.23
3.0
350
125
30.0
19.10
3580
382
13.7
4.47
Centroid
Shear
Centre
Torsion
constant
Designation
Size
Mass Per
Metre
Number
Web
Section
Modulus
Zx
Flange
Zy
Lip
2
Moment Of
Inertia
Ix
Iy
4
Radius Of
Gyration
4
MonoWarping
Section
constant symmetry modulus
in
Section
constant bending
Iw
ßy
Zxe
xo
J
mm
kg/m
cm
cm
3
mm
mm
mm
C10010
1.78
7.13
2.19
16.1
39.9
71.9
160
123
5.37
113
C10012
2.10
8.48
2.59
16.0
39.7
124
188
123
6.74
153
C10015
2.62
10.5
3.29
161
40.11
242
241
122
8.73
217
C10019
3.29
13.2
4.21
16.2
40.4
492
311
122
12.3
329
C15012
2.89
17.0
4.17
18.3
46.5
170
842
171
11.8
165
C15015
3.59
21.1
5.29
18.4
46.9
332
1070
171
17.1
244
C15019
4.51
26.6
6.74
18.5
47.1
675
1370
170
21.8
340
C15024
5.70
33.5
8.79
18.9
48.0
1370
1810
169
30.9
527
C20015
4.49
34.7
7.17
19.9
51.6
416
3060
223
24.1
251
C20019
5.74
44.4
9.77
20.8
53.6
858
4240
221
36.6
381
C20024
7.24
56.0
12.7
21.1
54.4
1740
5540
219
47.5
541
C25019
6.50
60.0
9.86
18.1
48.5
972
6860
276
46.2
381
C25024
8.16
75.7
12.8
18.4
49.3
1970
8920
274
64.9
543
C30024
10.09
113
21.7
25.0
66.0
2430
26800
320
91.1
632
C30030
12.76
142
28.5
25.8
67.9
4790
35700
316
124
897
C35030
15.23
205
42.3
33.2
86.3
5730
90000
378
159
940
3
4
6
cm
mm
Table 23 – High-Tensile Galvanised C-Purlins: Section sizes
132
Area in
compression
3
cm
Ae
2
Cm
PURLINS
131
PURLINS
High-Tensile Galvanised Z Purlins
y
F
L
Cx
Cy
x
D x
t
L
y
Designation
Size
Number
Mass
Per
Metre
Thickne
ss
Web
t
D
Flange 1 Flange 2
Lip
Area Of
F
L
Section
Inertia
A
Ix
2
Radius
Of
Modulus
Gyration
Zy
Moment Of
Section
E
Iy
4
E
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm
cm
cm
4
cm
3
mm
()
o
Z10010
1.78
1.0
102
53
49
12.5
2.16
45.1
4.37
1.55
14.2
27.6
Z10012
2.10
1.2
102
53
49
12.5
2.58
53.6
5.16
1.84
14.2
27.5
Z10015
2.62
1.5
102
53
49
13.5
3.23
66.8
6.52
2.32
14.2
27.8
Z10019
3.29
1.9
102
53
49
14.5
4.09
84.0
8.29
2.94
14.2
28.1
Z15012
2.89
1.2
152
65
61
15.5
3.54
147
1.15
3.14
18.1
21.8
Z15015
3.59
1.5
152
65
61
16.5
4.43
184
1.45
3.96
18.1
22.0
Z15019
4.51
1.9
152
65
61
17.5
5.61
232
1.84
5.02
18.1
22.1
Z15024
5.70
2.4
152
66
60
19.5
7.12
292
2.38
6.38
18.3
22.5
Z20015
4.49
1.5
203
79
74
15.5
5.55
389
2.55
5.53
21.4
18.5
Z20019
5.74
1.9
203
79
74
18.5
7.13
502
3.42
7.45
21.9
19.1
Z20024
7.24
2.4
203
79
73
21.5
9.07
636
4.43
9.64
22.1
19.4
Z25019
6.50
1.9
254
79
74
18.0
8.08
808
3.81
7.82
21.7
14.0
Z25024
8.16
2.4
254
79
73
21.0
10.30
1020
4.93
10.2
21.9
14.3
Z30024
10.09
2.4
300
100
93
27.0
12.60
1830
1.01
16.8
28.3
16.0
Z30030
12.76
3.0
300
100
93
31.0
16.00
2310
1.32
21.9
28.7
16..3
Z35030
15.23
3.0
350
129
121
30.0
19.10
3920
2.49
32.8
36.1
17.8
Torsion Warping Section Area in
constant constant modulus compre-
Iy’
4
cm
Product
of
moment
inertia
Ix’ Iy’
4
cm
Zx’
3
cm
Zy’
3
cm
rx’
mm
ry’
mm
J
4
mm
36.4
13.1
16.8
7.00
2.56
41.1
24.7
71.9
215
5.33
113
43.2
15.5
19.8
8.32
3.02
41.0
24.5
124
253
6.73
153
2.62
53.7
19.7
24.9
10.3
3.84
40.8
24.7
242
321
8.82
217
3.29
67.3
25.0
31.4
13.0
4.92
40.6
24.7
492
409
12.4
329
Z15012
2.89
128
30.3
46.9
16.7
4.78
60.3
29.3
170
1160
11.9
169
Z15015
3.59
160
38.3
58.8
20.8
6.06
60.1
29.4
332
1460
17.2
248
Z15019
4.51
201
48.7
74.4
26.1
7.73
59.9
29.5
675
1860
22.4
347
Z15024
5.70
253
63.2
95.0
32.6
10.0
59.6
29.8
1370
2410
31.4
535
Z20015
4.49
353
62.1
109
34.3
8.05
79.7
33.4
416
4260
23.8
248
Z20019
5.74
452
84.3
145
43.9
11.0
79.6
34.4
858
5830
36.4
378
Z20024
7.24
570
110
186
55.3
14.4
79.3
34.8
1740
7630
48.4
546
Z25019
6.50
762
83.3
181
59.3
10.8
97.1
32.1
972
9480
45.7
379
Z25024
8.16
964
108
233
74.9
14.2
96.9
32.5
1970
12400
66.0
547
Z30024
10.09
1700
232
457
112
23.8
116
42.8
2430
36600
89.9
628
Z30030
12.76
2130
304
588
140
31.4
116
43.6
4790
48200
125
908
Z35030
15.23
3580
593
1070
202
47.2
137
55.7
5730
124000
159
940
Designation
Size
Mass
Per
Metre
Number
mm
kg/m
Ix’
4
cm
Z10010
1.78
Z10012
2.10
Z10015
Z10019
Moment
of
inertia
Section
modulus
Radius of
gyration
in
ssion
bending constant
Iw
6
cm
Zx’e
3
cm
Ae
2
mm
Table 24 – High-Tensile Galvanised Z-Purlins: Section sizes
133
ANGLES
133
Angles
Rolling tolerances – EN 10056-2 : 1993
Tolerances on shapes and dimensions
Leg length (a or b)
The deviation from nominal on length shall
be within the tolerance given in the following
table. For unequal leg angles, the longer leg
length (a) shall be used to determine the
tolerance band.
Leg length a (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
shall be used to determine the tolerance band.
ANGLES
This European specifies tolerances on
shapes dimensions and mass of hot rolled
structural steel equal and unequal leg
angles.
Out of square – leg length
(mm)
Tolerance
(mm)
Up to and including 100
Greater than 100 up to and
including 150
Greater than 150 up to and
including 200
1.0
Greater than 200
3.0
1.5
Up to and including 50
Greater than 50 up to and
including 100
Greater than 100 up to and
including 150
Greater than 150 up to and
including 200
+1.0
-1.0
+2.0
-2.0
+3.0
-3.0
+4.0
-4.0
Straightness (q)
Greater than 200
+6.0
-4.0
The deviation from straightness shall not exceed the
tolerances given in the following table. For unequal leg
angles, the longer leg length (a) shall be used to
determine the tolerance band.
Leg length a (mm)
Section thickness (t)
The deviation from nominal on thickness
shall be within the tolerance given in the
following table.
Leg length a (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
2.0
Over full
bar
length
Deviation
q (mm)
Tolerance over any
part bar length (mm)
Deviation
Length
considered
(q)
Up to and including 150
0.4% L
1,500
-0.5
Up to and including 200
0.2% L
2,000
-0.75
Greater than 200
0.1% L
+1.20
-1.20
Tolerance on mass
The deviation from the nominal mass of any individual
piece shall not exceed:
Up to and including 5
Greater than 5 up to and
including 10
Greater than 10 up to and
including 15
+0.5
-0.5
a. ±6% for thickness for t 4mm or
+0.75
-0.75
b. ±4% for thickness for t > 4mm
+1.0
-1.0
Greater than 15
+1.20
-1.20
Out of square (k)
Out-of-squareness of the section shall not
exceed the maximum following table. For
unequal leg angles, the longer leg length (a)
The deviation from the nominal mass is the difference
between the actual mass of the piece and the
calculated mass. The calculated mass shall be
3
determined using a density of 7850 kg/m .
Tolerance on length
The tolerance on ordered length shall be either:
a. ±50mm; or
b. -0 / +100mm where minimum lengths are
requested
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
135
ANGLES
r2
Equal
y
v
A
90
t
u
cy
o
r1
r2
x
x
cy
u
A
Designation
Size
Thickness
AxA
t
mm
20x20
25x25
mm
3
3
4
5
3
4
5
6
3
4
5
6
3
4
5
6
4
5
6
3
4
4.5
5
6
8
5
6
5
6
8
5
6
8
9
6
7
8
5
6
8
9
10
12
6
8
10
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
30x30
ANGLES
35X35
38x38
40x40
45x45
50x50
60x60
63X63
65x65
70x70
75x75
80x80
90x90
136
Mass
Per
Metre
kg/m
0.885
1.12
1.45
1.70
1.36
1.76
2.16
1.65
1.72
2.36
2.79
3.33
1.83
2.42
2.95
3.52
2.74
3.38
3.99
2.33
3.06
3.40
3.77
4.43
5.78
4.55
5.42
4.75
5.71
7.42
5.00
5.91
7.66
8.55
6.38
7.38
8.43
5.69
6.85
9.03
9.96
10.99
13.00
7.34
9.66
11.8
8.30
9.61
10.90
12.20
13.40
15.90
17.00
Radius
Root
Toe
r1
r2
mm
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
mm
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
Area
Of
Section
cm2
1.11
1.41
1.84
2.25
1.74
2.27
2.78
3.87
2.24
2.93
3.60
4.25
2.36
3.09
3.80
4.49
3.52
4.33
5.12
2.99
3.92
4.38
4.83
5.72
7.44
5.86
6.95
6.16
7.31
9.55
6.40
7.59
9.91
11.0
8.19
9.46
10.71
7.37
8.76
11.5
12.8
14.1
16.7
9.36
12.3
15.1
10.6
12.3
13.9
15.6
17.2
20.3
21.9
Distance
Centre
Of Gravity
t
y
Second Moment
Of Area
v
Elastic
Modulus
Radius Of
Gyration
Cx and Cy
Axis
x-x , y-y
Axis
u-u
Axis
v-v
Axis
x-x , y-y
Axis
u-u
Axis
v-v
Axis
x-x , y-y
cm
0.593
0.718
0.758
0.796
0.836
0.879
0.919
1.08
1.03
1.07
1.12
1.15
1.08
1.12
1.17
1.20
1.24
1.29
1.33
1.32
1.37
1.39
1.41
1.45
1.53
1.65
1.70
1.73
1.77
1.85
1.77
1.82
1.90
1.94
1.94
1.98
2.02
2.00
2.04
2.13
2.17
2.21
2.29
2.17
2.26
2.34
2.41
2.46
2.50
2.54
2.58
2.66
2.70
cm4
0.381
0.784
1.00
1.19
1.41
1.81
2.17
4.13
2.99
3.85
4.66
5.40
3.51
4.53
5.48
6.37
6.59
7.99
9.31
7.06
9.17
10.2
11.2
13.0
16.5
19.8
23.2
23.1
27.1
34.5
25.5
29.9
38.2
42.0
37.7
43.1
48.3
38.7
45.7
59.0
65.3
71.3
82.7
56.0
72.4
87.7
81.0
93.2
105
117
128
149
159
cm4
0.601
1.24
1.58
1.87
2.23
2.86
3.42
6.51
4.72
6.10
7.36
8.51
5.55
7.18
8.68
10.1
10.4
12.6
14.7
11.1
14.5
16.1
17.7
20.6
25.9
31.4
36.8
36.6
42.9
54.6
40.3
47.4
60.4
66.4
59.8
68.3
76.5
61.2
72.4
93.5
103
113
130
88.7
115
139
128
148
167
185
202
235
251
cm4
0.160
0.326
0.422
0.516
0.590
0.758
0.921
1.76
1.25
1.61
1.95
2.29
1.47
1.89
2.29
2.69
2.75
3.34
3.90
2.97
3.82
4.23
4.64
5.43
6.97
8.24
9.65
9.58
11.2
14.4
10.6
12.4
15.9
17.6
15.7
17.9
20.1
16.2
19.0
24.5
27.2
29.8
35.0
23.2
30.0
36.5
33.7
38.7
43.5
48.2
52.9
62.1
66.6
cm
0.585
0.745
0.737
0.728
0.901
0.893
0.884
1.03
1.15
1.15
1.14
1.13
1.22
1.21
1.20
1.19
1.37
1.36
1.35
1.54
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.51
1.49
1.84
1.83
1.93
1.92
1.90
2.00
1.98
1.96
1.95
2.15
2.13
2.12
2.29
2.28
2.27
2.26
2.25
2.23
2.45
2.43
2.41
2.76
2.76
2.75
2.74
2.73
2.70
2.69
cm
0.735
0.938
0.926
0.912
1.13
1.12
1.11
1.30
1.45
1.44
1.43
1.41
1.53
1.52
1.51
1.50
1.72
1.71
1.69
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.90
1.87
2.31
2.30
2.44
2.42
2.39
2.51
2.50
2.47
2.45
2.70
2.69
2.67
2.88
2.88
2.85
2.84
2.83
2.80
3.08
3.06
3.03
3.48
3.47
3.46
3.45
3.43
3.40
3.39
cm
0.380
0.481
0.479
0.479
0.582
0.578
0.576
0.674
0.748
0.741
0.736
0.733
0.789
0.782
0.776
0.773
0.884
0.878
0.873
0.997
0.987
0.984
0.980
0.974
0.968
1.19
1.18
1.25
1.24
1.23
1.29
1.28
1.27
1.26
1.38
1.38
1.37
1.48
1.47
1.46
1.46
1.45
1.45
1.58
1.56
1.55
1.78
1.77
1.77
1.76
1.76
1.75
1.74
cm3
0.271
0.440
0.574
0.701
0.652
0.853
1.04
1.71
1.08
1.41
1.73
2.04
1.20
1.58
1.94
2.28
2.02
2.49
2.93
1.92
2.52
2.82
3.11
3.67
4.74
4.56
5.40
5.05
5.98
7.76
5.39
6.38
8.29
9.21
7.46
8.59
9.70
7.02
8.38
11.0
12.3
13.5
15.9
9.6
12.6
15.5
12.3
14.3
16.2
18.0
19.9
23.5
25.2
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
ANGLES
r2
Equal
y
v
A
90
t
u
cy
o
r1
r2
x
x
cy
u
Designation
Size
Thickness
AxA
t
mm
100x100
mm
6
7
8
10
12
13
15
8
10
12
15
8
10
12
8
9
10
12
15
16
8
10
12
15
16
18
19
12
15
12
13
15
16
18
20
24
25
26
25
28
32
35
35
35
120x120
125x125
130x130
150x150
175x175
200x200
250x250
300x300
350x350
Mass
Per
Metre
kg/m
9.20
10.70
12.20
15.00
17.80
19.10
21.90
14.70
18.20
21.60
26.60
14.90
19.09
22.67
15.90
17.90
19.70
23.50
28.80
30.70
18.00
23.00
27.30
33.80
35.70
40.10
41.90
31.80
39.40
36.55
39.49
45.30
48.50
54.20
59.90
71.10
73.60
76.80
93.70
104.00
118.00
128.00
155.00
182.00
Radius
Root
Toe
r1
r2
mm
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
20
20
20
20
24
24
mm
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
18
18
Area
Of
Section
cm2
11.9
13.7
15.6
19.2
22.8
24.5
28.0
18.8
23.3
27.6
34.0
19.7
24.3
28.9
20.5
22.9
25.3
30.1
37.1
39.4
23.8
29.5
35.0
43.2
45.9
51.2
53.8
41.0
50.7
47.2
50.9
58.3
62.0
69.4
76.6
90.8
94.3
97.8
120
133
151
164
197
232
Distance
Centre
Of Gravity
t
y
Second Moment
Of Area
v
Elastic
Modulus
Radius Of
Gyration
Cx and Cy
Axis
x-x , y-y
Axis
u-u
Axis
v-v
Axis
x-x , y-y
Axis
u-u
Axis
v-v
Axis
x-x , y-y
cm
2.65
2.70
2.75
2.83
2.91
2.95
3.02
3.24
3.32
3.41
3.52
3.36
3.44
3.53
3.48
3.53
3.57
3.65
3.77
3.81
3.97
4.06
4.14
4.26
4.30
4.38
4.42
4.77
4.89
5.38
5.42
5.50
5.54
5.62
5.70
5.85
5.89
5.93
7.14
7.25
7.40
7.51
8.71
9.96
cm4
113
130
146
178
208
222
250
259
316
371
448
294
360
422
332
370
406
477
578
610
518
635
748
909
960
1060
1109
1208
1474
1829
1967
2237
2369
2627
2877
3357
3472
3586
7030
7741
8650
9305
16300
26600
cm4
178
206
232
283
330
352
395
411
502
588
710
466
570
669
527
586
645
758
916
966
820
1008
1187
1442
1523
1680
1756
1920
2342
2906
3126
3555
3765
4174
4569
5322
5502
5680
11170
12290
13710
14720
25900
42300
cm4
47.0
53.9
60.6
73.8
86.5
92.8
105
107
130
153
186
122
149
174
138
153
168
197
240
253
215
263
309
375
397
440
462
497
606
753
809
919
973
1080
1185
1391
1442
1492
2891
3195
3593
3887
6690
10800
cm
3.08
3.08
3.07
3.05
3.02
3.01
2.99
3.71
3.69
3.66
3.63
3.87
3.84
3.82
4.03
4.02
4.01
3.98
3.95
3.94
4.66
4.64
4.62
4.59
4.57
4.55
4.54
5.43
5.39
6.23
6.22
6.19
6.18
6.15
6.13
6.08
6.07
6.05
7.67
7.63
7.58
7.54
9.09
10.70
cm
3.88
3.87
3.86
3.84
3.81
3.79
3.76
4.67
4.64
4.62
4.57
4.87
4.84
4.81
5.07
5.06
5.05
5.02
4.97
4.95
5.87
5.85
5.82
5.78
5.76
5.73
5.71
6.84
6.80
7.85
7.84
7.81
7.79
7.76
7.72
7.65
7.64
7.62
9.67
9.61
9.54
9.49
11.50
13.50
cm
1.99
1.98
1.97
1.96
1.95
1.95
1.94
2.38
2.37
2.36
2.34
2.49
2.47
2.46
2.59
2.58
2.57
2.56
2.54
2.54
3.01
2.99
2.97
2.95
2.94
2.93
2.93
3.48
3.46
4.00
3.99
3.97
3.96
3.95
3.93
3.91
3.91
3.91
4.92
4.90
4.89
4.88
5.82
6.83
cm3
15.3
17.8
20.2
24.8
29.4
31.5
35.8
29.5
36.4
43.1
52.8
32.2
39.7
47.0
34.9
39.0
43.1
51.1
62.6
66.3
46.9
58.0
68.9
84.6
89.8
99.8
105
94.9
117
125
135
154
164
183
201
237
246
255
394
436
491
532
766
1060
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
ANGLES
A
137
ANGLES
r2
Unequal
v
A
t
90
u
o
r1
Cx
x
r2
x
Cy
B
Designation
Size
Thickness
ANGLES
100x75
125x75
150x75
150x90
150x100
200x100
200x150
138
Radius of Gyration
Axis
y-y
Axis Axis Axis Axis Axis
u-u v-v x-x y-y u-u
cm2
cm
cm
cm4
cm4
cm4
2.4
4.4
2.10
0.870
18.0
4.90
2.4
5.75
2.17
0.930
23.0
6.30
7
2.4
7.22
2.45
1.21
40.9
14.6
7
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
12
11
12
11
11
11
10
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
12
12
12
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
2.4
4.8
4.8
7.0
4.8
7.0
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
7.0
5.0
4.8
8.5
4.8
4.8
4.8
5.0
6.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
8.5
6.0
6.5
8.5
6.0
8.5
4.8
4.8
7.5
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
9.44
11.2
12.7
14.0
15.6
18.4
11.9
13.5
15.1
16.6
19.7
21.2
12.7
13.7
15.5
17.4
19.2
22.7
24.3
15.5
17.5
19.4
21.7
25.7
31.7
18.7
20.9
23.2
27.6
34.0
19.4
21.8
24.2
28.6
33.2
35.2
29.4
34.9
40.3
43.1
40.9
50.6
60.1
2.53
3.23
3.28
3.31
3.36
3.43
3.06
3.11
3.15
3.19
3.27
3.31
4.07
4.10
4.14
4.19
4.23
4.32
4.35
5.17
5.23
5.25
5.32
5.41
5.53
4.93
4.95
5.00
5.09
5.21
4.70
4.77
4.80
4.88
4.98
5.01
6.95
7.04
7.12
7.17
6.10
6.22
6.34
1.29
1.52
1.56
1.58
1.64
1.70
1.84
1.88
1.92
1.96
2.03
2.07
1.62
1.64
1.69
1.73
1.77
1.84
1.87
1.50
1.54
1.55
1.62
1.70
1.81
1.97
2.00
2.04
2.12
2.24
2.24
2.30
2.34
2.41
2.50
2.53
2.03
2.11
2.18
2.23
3.63
3.75
3.86
52.4 18.6
113 37.7
127 42.3
138 45.5
154 51.1
177 58.0
118 56.9
133 64.2
148 71.1
162 77.7
189 90.3
202 96.3
206 56.6
220 60.5
249 68.1
276 75.5
303 82.6
355 96.0
376 101
364 63.1
411 71.2
447 75.3
503 86.3
591 100
715 120
436 121
485 133
536 147
630 172
764 207
441 158
502 181
552 198
642 228
744 265
781 276
1233 215
1454 252
1654 282
1772 303
1667 813
2037 989
2390 1155
mm
4.5
3.45
6
6
4.43
6
6
5.65
8
7
8
9
10
12
7
8
9
10
12
13
6.5
7
8
9
10
12
13
7
8
9
10
12
15
8
9
10
12
15
8
9
10
12
14
15
10
12
14
15
12
15
18
7.39
8.8
9.4
11.0
12.3
14.4
9.3
10.6
11.8
13.0
15.4
16.5
10.0
10.7
12.2
13.5
15.0
17.8
19.1
12.1
13.8
15.3
17.0
20.2
24.8
14.3
16.4
18.2
21.6
26.6
15.2
17.1
19.0
22.4
26.1
27.7
23.0
27.3
31.6
33.7
32.0
39.6
47.4
63x38
Second Moment
Of Area
Axis
x-x
mm
mm
Distance
Centre
Of
Gravity
Axis
v-v
Elastic
Modulus
Axis Axis
x-x
y-y
Angle
x-x
Axis
to u-u
Axis
cm3
cm3
20.0 3.00 2.01 1.06 2.12 0.820
4.20
1.68
0.362
25.0 3.80 1.99 1.04 2.10 0.820
5.50
2.18
0.358
47.1 8.48 2.38 1.42 2.55
1.08
8.10
3.87
0.436
60.1
128
144
157
175
201
144
163
181
198
230
245
228
244
275
306
336
392
414
386
436
473
533
626
756
484
537
595
698
844
508
579
635
738
856
897
1309
1544
1755
1879
2046
2496
2923
1.07
1.41
1.40
1.38
1.39
1.37
1.61
1.60
1.60
1.59
1.59
1.58
1.64
1.64
1.63
1.62
1.62
1.61
1.60
1.62
1.62
1.58
1.60
1.59
1.58
1.97
1.96
1.96
1.95
1.93
2.17
2.18
2.17
2.15
2.15
2.14
2.17
2.16
2.12
2.14
3.26
3.23
3.22
10.5
16.7
18.9
20.6
23.2
27.0
17.0
19.3
21.6
23.8
28.1
30.2
24.4
26.2
29.7
33.2
36.7
43.4
46.1
37.0
42.1
45.8
52.0
61.6
75.5
43.3
48.2
53.7
63.6
78.1
42.8
49.1
54.1
63.4
74.3
78.2
94.5
112
128
138
120
148
175
5.01
7.56
8.57
9.26
10.5
12.1
10.1
11.4
12.7
14.0
16.5
17.7
9.63
10.3
11.7
13.1
14.4
17.0
17.9
10.5
11.9
12.7
14.7
17.3
21.1
17.2
19.0
21.2
25.0
30.6
20.3
23.5
25.8
30.1
35.3
37.0
27.0
31.9
36.1
39.0
71.5
87.9
104
0.430
0.415
0.414
0.410
0.410
0.404
0.548
0.548
0.546
0.545
0.541
0.539
0.360
0.360
0.360
0.359
0.358
0.354
0.352
0.263
0.263
0.259
0.261
0.259
0.254
0.364
0.361
0.361
0.359
0.354
0.437
0.439
0.437
0.435
0.434
0.431
0.264
0.263
0.261
0.260
0.554
0.552
0.549
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
cm4
v
y
Cy
kg/m
mm
Area
Of
Section
u
Cx
r2
t
100x65
Radius
Root Toe
r1
AxB
75x50
Mass
Per
Metre
t
10.9
22.1
24.9
26.8
30.2
34.7
30.7
34.6
38.4
42.2
49.5
53.1
34.4
36.7
41.3
45.8
50.2
58.8
61.9
40.8
45.8
48.7
55.8
65.3
79.2
72.7
80.5
89.2
105
127
90.9
104
114
132
153
161
138
162
182
197
434
530
622
cm
2.36
3.18
3.17
3.14
3.14
3.11
3.15
3.14
3.13
3.12
3.10
3.09
4.02
4.01
4.00
3.99
3.98
3.95
3.93
4.85
4.84
4.79
4.82
4.79
4.75
4.83
4.81
4.81
4.78
4.74
4.77
4.79
4.78
4.74
4.74
4.71
6.48
6.45
6.41
6.41
6.38
6.34
6.30
cm
1.40
1.84
1.83
1.80
1.81
1.78
2.19
2.18
2.17
2.16
2.14
2.13
2.11
2.10
2.10
2.09
2.08
2.06
2.04
2.02
2.02
1.97
2.00
1.98
1.95
2.54
2.52
2.52
2.50
2.47
2.86
2.88
2.86
2.83
2.82
2.80
2.70
2.68
2.65
2.65
4.45
4.42
4.38
cm
2.52
3.39
3.38
3.34
3.35
3.30
3.49
3.48
3.46
3.45
3.42
3.40
4.23
4.22
4.21
4.20
4.18
4.16
4.13
5.00
4.99
4.93
4.96
4.93
4.89
5.09
5.06
5.06
5.03
4.99
5.12
5.15
5.13
5.08
5.08
5.04
6.68
6.65
6.60
6.60
7.07
7.02
6.97
cm
BARS
Flat
Unit
Weight
Section
Area
Section
Size
Unit
Weight
Section
Area
Thickness
Width
M
A
Thickness
Width
M
A
mm
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
mm
12
16
19
25
32
38
50
65
75
100
25
32
35
38
44
50
65
75
100
25
32
35
38
40
44
50
65
75
90
100
125
150
175
200
25
32
38
44
50
65
75
90
100
kg/m
0.283
0.377
0.447
0.589
0.754
0.895
1.18
1.53
1.77
2.36
0.883
1.13
1.24
1.34
1.55
1.77
2.30
2.65
3.53
1.18
1.51
1.65
1.79
1.88
2.07
2.36
3.06
3.53
4.24
4.71
5.89
7.07
8.24
9.42
1.57
2.01
2.39
2.76
3.14
4.08
4.71
5.65
6.28
cm2
0.360
0.480
0.570
0.750
0.960
1.14
1.50
1.95
2.25
3.00
1.13
1.44
1.58
1.71
1.98
2.25
2.93
3.38
4.50
1.50
1.92
2.10
2.28
2.40
2.64
3.00
3.90
4.50
5.40
6.00
7.50
9.00
10.5
12.0
2.00
2.56
3.04
3.52
4.00
5.20
6.00
7.20
8.00
mm
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
mm
125
150
200
19
25
32
38
44
50
65
75
90
100
125
150
180
200
250
300
25
32
38
40
44
50
65
75
90
100
125
150
180
200
250
300
25
32
38
50
65
75
90
100
kg/m
7.85
9.42
12.56
1.34
1.77
2.26
2.68
3.11
3.53
4.59
5.30
6.36
7.07
8.83
10.60
12.72
14.13
17.66
21.20
2.36
3.01
3.58
3.77
4.14
4.71
6.12
7.07
8.48
9.42
11.78
14.13
16.96
18.84
23.55
28.26
3.14
4.02
4.77
6.28
8.16
9.42
11.30
12.56
cm2
10.0
12.0
16.0
1.71
2.25
2.88
3.42
3.96
4.50
5.85
6.75
8.10
9.00
11.3
13.5
16.2
18.0
22.5
27.0
3.00
3.84
4.56
4.80
5.28
6.00
7.80
9.00
10.8
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.6
24.0
30.0
36.0
4.00
5.12
6.08
8.00
10.4
12.0
14.4
16.0
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
BARS
Section
Size
139
BARS
Flat
Section
Size
BARS
140
Unit
Weight
Section
Area
Section
Size
Unit
Weight
Section
Area
Thickness
Width
M
A
Thickness
Width
M
A
mm
16
16
16
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
25
25
25
mm
125
150
200
38
50
65
75
90
100
125
150
200
250
300
50
65
75
kg/m
15.70
18.84
25.12
5.67
7.46
9.69
11.19
13.42
14.92
18.64
22.37
29.83
37.29
44.75
9.81
12.76
14.72
cm2
20.0
24.0
32.0
7.2
9.5
12.4
14.3
17.1
19.0
23.8
28.5
38.0
47.5
57.0
12.5
16.3
18.8
mm
25
25
25
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
36
36
36
36
36
mm
100
125
150
100
125
150
180
200
230
250
280
300
100
125
150
180
200
kg/m
19.63
24.53
29.44
25.12
31.40
37.68
45.22
50.24
57.78
62.80
70.34
75.36
28.26
35.33
42.39
50.87
56.52
cm2
25.0
31.3
37.5
32.0
40.0
48.0
57.6
64.0
73.6
80.0
89.6
96.0
36.0
45.0
54.0
64.8
72.0
25
90
17.66
22.5
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
BARS
Square
Size
a
Designation
Mass
Per Metre
Area
Of
Section
Second
Moment
Of Inertia
Radius Of
Gyration
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
mm
kg/m
Ib/ft
mm2
mm4
mm
mm3
mm3
9
0.64
0.43
81.0
547
2.60
121
182
10
0.79
0.53
100
833
2.89
167
250
12
1.13
0.76
144
1728
3.46
288
432
13
1.33
0.89
169
2380
3.75
366
549
16
2.01
1.35
256
5461
4.62
683
1024
18
2.54
1.71
324
8748
5.20
972
1458
19
2.83
1.90
361
10860
5.48
1143
1715
22
3.80
2.55
484
19520
6.35
1775
2662
25
4.91
3.30
625
32550
7.22
2604
3906
28
6.15
4.14
784
51220
8.08
3659
5488
30
7.07
4.75
900
67500
8.66
4500
6750
32
8.04
5.40
1024
87380
9.24
5461
8192
36
10.17
6.84
1296
140000
10.4
7776
11660
38
11.34
7.62
1444
173800
11.0
9145
13720
40
12.56
8.44
1600
213300
11.5
10670
16000
44
15.20
10.21
1936
312300
12.7
14200
21300
45
15.90
10.68
2025
341700
13.0
15190
22780
50
19.63
13.19
2500
520800
14.4
20830
31250
55
23.75
15.96
3025
762600
15.9
27730
41590
60
28.26
18.99
3600
1080000
17.3
36000
54000
65
33.17
22.29
4225
1488000
18.8
45770
68660
75
44.16
29.67
5625
2637000
21.7
70310
105500
80
50.24
33.76
6400
3413000
23.1
85330
128000
85
56.72
38.11
7225
4350000
24.5
102400
153500
90
63.59
42.73
8100
5468000
26.0
121500
182300
95
70.85
47.61
9025
6788000
27.4
142900
214300
100
78.50
52.75
10000
8333000
28.9
166700
250000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
BARS
a
141
BARS
Deformed and Round
Deformed
Round
Unit
Weight
M
Section
Area
A
Section
Size
Unit
Weight
M
Section
Area
A
mm
6
8
10
12
13
16
18
19
20
22
25
28
30
32
38
40
50
kg/m
0.222
0.395
0.617
0.888
1.04
1.58
2.00
2.23
2.47
2.98
3.85
4.83
5.55
6.31
8.90
9.86
15.4
cm2
0.283
0.503
0.785
1.13
1.33
2.01
2.54
2.84
3.14
3.80
4.91
6.16
7.07
8.04
11.3
12.6
19.6
mm
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
kg/m
18.7
22.2
26.0
30.2
34.7
39.5
44.5
49.9
55.6
61.7
68.0
74.6
81.5
88.8
96.3
104.2
112.4
cm2
23.8
28.3
33.2
38.5
44.2
50.3
56.7
63.6
70.9
78.5
86.6
95.0
103.9
113.1
122.7
132.7
143.1
140
145
150
160
170
180
190
120.8
129.6
138.7
157.8
178.2
199.8
222.6
153.9
165.1
176.7
201.1
227.0
254.5
283.5
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
320
246.6
271.9
298.4
326.1
355.1
385
417
449
483
519
555
631
314.2
346.4
380.1
415.5
452
491
531
573
616
661
707
804
BARS
Section
Size
Round
Section
Size
142
Section
Area
A
mm
6
8
9
10
12
13
14
16
Unit
Weight
M
kg/m
0.222
0.395
0.499
0.617
0.888
1.04
1.21
1.58
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
26
28
29
30
31
32
35
38
40
42
44
45
50
2.00
2.23
2.47
2.72
2.98
3.55
3.85
4.17
4.83
5.19
5.55
5.92
6.31
7.55
8.90
9.86
10.88
11.9
12.5
15.4
2.54
2.84
3.14
3.46
3.80
4.52
4.91
5.31
6.16
6.61
7.07
7.55
8.04
9.62
11.3
12.6
13.9
15.2
15.9
19.6
cm2
0.283
0.503
0.636
0.785
1.13
1.33
1.54
2.01
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PLATES
143
Plates
Product specifications
Main specifications
ABS Specifications (American Bureau of Shipping Rules)
ABS (1998):
Rules Requirements for Materials and Welding, Part 2.
Ordinary strength hull structural steel plates.
Higher strength hull structural steel plates.
ASTM Specifications (American Society for Testing of Materials)
A36 (1996):
Standard specification for Carbon Structural Steel.
A283 (1993):
Standard specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile
Strength Carbon Steel Plates
A285 (1990):
Standard specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, Low- and Intermediate Tensile Strength.
A516 (1990):
Standard specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service.
A572 (1997):
Standard specification for High-Strength, Low Alloy,
Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel.
PLATES
BSI Specifications (British Standards Institute)
BS 7191 (1989):
Specification for Weldable structural steels for fixed offshore
structures.
EN 10028 (1993):
Specification for Flat products made of steels for pressure
purposes.
EN 10113 (1993):
Standard specification for Hot rolled products in weldable fine
grain structural steels.
EN 10137 (1996):
Plates and wide flats made of high yield strength structural
steels in the quenched and tempered or precipitation
hardened conditions.
EN 10149 (1996):
Specification for Hot-rolled flat products made of high yield
strength steels for cold forming.
EN 10207 (1992):
Steels for simple pressure vessels - Technical delivery
requirements for plates, strips and bars.
JIS Specifications (Japanese Industrial Standards)
G 3101 (1991):
Rolled steels for general structures.
G 3106 (1995):
Rolled steels for welded structure.
LRS Specifications (Lloyd’s Register of Shipping Rules)
LR (1998):
Manufacture, Testing and Certification of Materials.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
143
PLATES
141
List of standard specifications
Specifications
Yield strength
2
N/mm
t<16mm
16<t<40
t>40mm
Tensile
Elongation
Charpy V-notch
strength
min. %
Temp. (°C) Energy (J)
2
N/mm
L0=5.65S0
20
0
-20
-40
-50
50mm-200mm
23-20
-
-
-
-
-
GENERAL STRUCTURES
ASTM A36
min. 250
400-550
ASTM A283
50mm-200mm
Grade A
min. 165
310-415
30-27
-
-
-
-
Grade B
min. 185
345-450
28-25
-
-
-
-
-
Grade C
min. 205
380-515
25-22
-
-
-
-
-
Grade D
min. 230
415-550
23-20
-
-
-
-
-
ASTM A572
50mm-200mm
Grade 42
min. 290
415
24-20
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 50
min. 345
450
21-18
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 60
min. 415
520
18-16
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 65
min. 450
550
17-15
-
-
-
-
-
S275N
min. 275
370-510
-
-
40
-
27
S355N
min. 355
470-630
-
-
40
-
27
S420N
min. 420
520-680
-
-
40
-
27
S460N
min. 460
550-720
-
-
40
-
27
S275M
min. 275
360-510
-
-
40
-
27
S355M
min. 355
450-610
-
-
40
-
27
S420M
min. 420
500-660
-
-
40
-
27
S460M
min. 460
530-720
-
-
40
-
27
S315MC
min. 315
390-510
24
-
-
40
-
-
S355MC
min. 355
430-550
23
-
-
40
-
-
S420MC
min. 420
480-620
19
-
-
40
-
-
S460MC
min. 460
520-670
17
-
-
40
-
-
S500MC
min. 500
550-700
14
-
-
40
-
-
S550MC
min. 550
600-760
14
-
-
40
-
-
S600MC
min. 600
650-820
13
-
-
40
-
-
EN 10025-3&4 : 2004
PLATES
EN 10149-2
S650MC
650 (t8mm)
620
700-880
12
-
-
40
-
-
S700MC
700 (t8mm)
680
750-950
12
-
-
40
-
-
EN 10149-3
S260NC
min. 260
370-490
30
-
-
40
-
-
S315NC
min. 315
430-550
27
-
-
40
-
-
S355NC
min. 355
470-610
25
-
-
40
-
-
S420NC
min. 420
530-670
23
-
-
40
-
-
JIS G 3101
SS330
205
195
175
330-430
28-21
-
-
-
-
-
SS400
245
235
215
400-510
17-23
-
-
-
-
-
SS490
285
275
255
490-610
15-21
-
-
-
-
-
SS540
400
390
-
min. 540
13-17
-
-
-
-
-
0 °C
JIS G 3106
144
SM400A, B, C
245
235
215
400-510
18-24
B/C 27/47
-
-
-
SM490A, B, C
325
315
295
490-610
17-23
B/C 27/47
-
-
-
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PLATES
142
Specifications
Yield strength
2
N/mm
Tensile
Elongation
Charpy V-notch
strength
min. %
Temp. (°C) Energy (J)
2
t<16mm
16<t<40
t>40mm
N/mm
Contd.
GENERAL STRUCTURES
L0=5.65S0
Contd. JIS G 3106
SM490YA, YB
365
355
335
490-610
15-21
SM520B, C
365
355
335
520-640
15-21
SM570
460
450
430
570-720
19-26
20
0
-20
-40
-50
0°C
YB 27
-5°C
-
-
-
B/C 27/47
-
-
-
47
-
-
-
-
BRIDGES, FLOOD GATES, STORAGE TANKS, WATER TANKS, BUILDINGS, CRANE STRUCTURES
EN 10025-6
S460Q, QL, QL1
1)
460
1)*
440
1)**
400
1)***
550-720
17
0
-20
-40
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
S500Q, QL, QL1
1)
500
1)*
480
1)**
440
1)***
590-770
17
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
S550Q, QL, QL1
1)
550
1)*
530
1)**
490
1)***
640-820
16
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
S620Q, QL, QL1
1)
620
1)*
580
1)**
560
1)***
700-890
15
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
S690Q, QL, QL1
1)
690
1)*
650
1)**
630
1)***
760-940
14
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
S890Q, QL, QL1
1)
890
1)*
880-1100
11
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
S960Q, QL, QL1
1)
960
980-1150
10
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
EN 10137-3
830
-
1)***
-
-
1)***
3mm<t 50mm 50mm<t 70mm
0
-20
-40
S500A, AL
2)
500
2)*
480
600-700
17
55/65
40/50
-/40
S550A, AL
2)
550
2)*
530
650-820
16
55/65
40/50
-/40
S620A, AL
2)
620
2)*
580
710-880
15
55/65
40/50
-/40
S690A, AL
2)
690
2)*
650
760-930
14
55/65
40/50
-/40
275
265
-
430-580
22
-
-
40
-
-
275E
275
265
265
430-580
22
-
-
-
40
-
275EZ
275
265
265
430-580
22
-
-
-
40
-
355D
355
345
-
490-640
20
-
-
50
-
-
355E
355
345
-
490-640
20
-
-
-
50
-
355EM
355
345
340
460-620
20
-
-
-
50
-
355EMZ
355
345
340
460-620
20
-
-
-
50
-
450EM
450
415
-
550-700
19
-
-
-
60
-
450EMZ
450
415
-
550-700
19
-
-
-
60
-
PLATES
SPECIAL STEEL
BS 7191
275D
HULL STRUCTURES
3)
For thickness t 50mm
27 27 27 -60
ABS
Grade A, B, D, E
min. 235
400-550
22
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 32
min. 315
440-590
22
-
34
34
34
34
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 36
min. 355
490-620
21
-
34
34
34
34
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 40
min. 390
510-650
20
-
41
41
41
41
Grade A, B, D, E
min. 235
400-520
22
27
27
27
27
-60
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 32
min. 315
440-590
22
-
31
31
31
31
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 36
min. 355
490-620
21
-
34
34
34
34
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 40
min. 390
510-650
20
-
41
41
41
41
-
LR
3)
PRESSURE VESSELS, GENERAL
ASTM A285
Grade A
min. 165
310-450
50mm-200mm
30-27
-
-
-
-
Grade B
min. 185
345-485
28-25
-
-
-
-
-
Grade C
min. 205
380-515
27-23
-
-
-
-
-
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
145
PLATES
143
Specifications
Yield strength
2
N/mm
t<16mm
Tensile
Strength
Elongation
min. %
2
16<t<40
t>40mm
N/mm
Contd.
PRESSURE VESSELS, GENERAL
Charpy V-notch
Temp. (°C) Energy (J)
20
0
-20
-40
-50
ASTM A516
Grade 55
min. 205
380-515
50mm-200mm
27-23
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 60
min. 220
415-550
25-21
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 65
min. 240
450-585
23-19
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 70
min. 260
485-620
21-17
-
-
-
-
-
EN 10028-2
P235GH
235
225
4)
215
4)
360-480
25
-
27
-
-
-
245
4)
410-530
23
-
27
-
-
-
P265GH
265
255
4)
P295GH
295
290
4)
285
4)
460-580
22
-
27
-
-
P355GH
355
345
4)
335
4)
510-650
21
-
27
-
-
-
16 Mo 3
275
270
4)
260
4)
440-590
24-23
31
-
-
-
-
13 CrMo 4-5
300
4)
450-600
20
31
-
-
-
-
4)
480-630
18
31
-
-
-
-
18
31
-
-
-
-
55
47
40
-
-
63
55
47
34
27
NL2
100
90
65
40
30
N, NH
55
47
40
-
-
63
55
47
34
27
NL2
100
90
65
40
30
N, NH
55
47
40
-
-
63
55
47
34
27
100
90
65
40
30
10 CrMo 9-10
4)
310
295
4)
300
11 CrMo 9-10
290
min. 310
520-670
70mm 70-150
EN 10028-3
P275
N, NH
NL1
P355
NL1
PLATES
P460
NL1
275
5)
275
355
5)
355
460
5)
450
265
345
440
5)*
5)*
5)*
390-510
490-630
570-720
24
23
22
21
17
16
NL2
EN 10028-4
t<30mm
30mm<t 50mm
t<50mm
11 MnNi 5-3
6)
285
6)*
275
420-530
24
70
60
55
50
45
13 MnNi 6-3
6)
355
6)*
345
490-610
22
70
60
55
50
45
15 MnNi 6
6)
355
6)*
345
490-640
22
65
65
65
60
50
12 Ni 14
6)
355
6)*
345
490-640
22
65
60
55
55
50
12 Ni 19
6)
390
6)*
380
530-710
20
70
70
70
65
65
X8 Ni9 HT 640
6)
490
6)*
480
640-840
18
70
70
70
70
70
X8 Ni9 HT 680
6)
585
6)*
575
680-820
18
120 120 120 120 120
X7 Ni 9
6)
585
6)*
575
680-820
18
120 120 120 120 120
450-610
22
EN 10028-5
P355
M
ML1
355
7)
355
345
ML2
P420
M
ML1
420
7)
400
390
500-660
19
ML2
P460
M
ML1
460
7)
440
430
530-720
17
ML2
60
40
27
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
60
40
27
-
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
60
40
27
-
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
60
40
27
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
EN 10028-6
P355
-60
Q, QH
QL1
8)
355
8)*
335
8)**
315
8)***
490-630
QL2
146
-
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
22
-
PLATES
144
Specifications
Yield strength
2
N/mm
t<16mm
Tensile
strength
Elongation
min. %
2
16<t<40
t>40mm
N/mm
Contd.
PRESSURE VESSELS, GENERAL
Contd. EN 10028-6
P460
Q, QH
QL1
8)
460
8)*
440
8)**
400
8)***
500-720
Charpy V-notch
Temp. (°C) Energy (J)
20
0
-20
-40
-50
60
40
27
-
-60
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
60
40
27
-
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
60
40
27
-
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
-
19
QL2
P500
Q, QH
QL1
8)
500
8)*
480
8)**
440
8)***
590-770
17
QL2
P690
Q, QH
QL1
8)
690
8)*
670
8)**
630
8)***
770-940
14
QL2
PRESSURE VESSELS, LOW TEMPERATURE SERVICE
EN 10207
P235S
235
225
215
360-480
3-40mm 40-60
26
25
-
-
28
-
P265S
265
255
245
410-530
22
22
-
-
28
-
-
P275SL
275
265
255
390-510
24
24
-
-
-
-
28
Table 25 – Plates: List of standards specifications
1)
For t50mm.
For 50<t100mm
1)**
For 100<t150mm. For t>150mm, see EN 10137-2.
1)***
For t100mm. For t>100mm, see EN 10137-2.
2)
For t50mm.
PLATES
1)*
2)*
For 50<t70mm.
3)
For LR and ABS plates the difference between A, B, D, E, F grades are the impact tests. They are
made at the following temperatures:
4)
A grade
+20 °C
E/EH grade
B/AH grade
0 °C
FH grade -60 °C
D/DH grade
-20 °C
-40 °C
For plates thicker than 60mm, see EN 10028-2:1992.
5)
For plates thicker than 50mm, see EN 10028-3:1992.
5)*
For plates thicker than 70mm, see EN 10028-3:1992.
6)
For t30mm.
6)*
For 30<t50mm
7)
Maximum thickness 63mm.
8)
For t50mm
8)*
For 50<t100mm
8)**
For 100<t<150mm
8)***
For t100mm. For 100<t150mm, see EN 10028-6.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
147
PLATES
145
Mild Steel Plates
2
2
Metric units 7.85kg/mm m - 0.7293 kg/mm ft
Width x Length (ft)
Thickness
Weight
2
4x8
4 x 16
5 x 10
5 x 20
Weight / pc
6 x 20
8 x 20
10 x 30
PLATES
mm
kg/ft
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.9
2.3
2.6
3
3.2
4.0
4.5
5
6
6.35
7.5
8
9
9.53
10
12
12.7
13
14
15
16
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
0.875
1.094
1.167
1.386
1.677
1.896
2.188
2.334
2.917
3.282
3.647
4.376
4.631
5.470
5.834
6.564
6.950
7.293
8.752
9.262
9.481
10.21
10.94
11.67
13.13
13.86
14.59
15.32
16.04
17.50
18.23
28.0
35.0
37.3
44.3
53.7
60.7
70.0
74.7
93.3
105
117
140
148
175
187
210
222
233
280
296
303
327
350
373
420
443
467
490
513
560
583
187
210
233
280
296
350
373
420
445
467
560
593
607
653
700
747
840
887
934
980
1027
1120
1167
43.8
54.7
58.3
69.3
83.9
94.8
109
117
146
164
182
219
232
273
292
328
348
365
438
463
474
511
547
583
656
693
729
766
802
875
912
219
292
328
365
438
463
547
583
656
695
729
875
926
948
1021
1094
1167
1313
1386
1459
1532
1604
1750
1823
350
394
438
525
556
656
700
788
834
875
1050
1111
1138
1225
1313
1400
1575
1663
1750
1838
1925
2100
2188
700
741
875
934
1050
1112
1167
1400
1482
1517
1634
1750
1867
2100
2217
2334
2450
2567
2801
2917
1313
1389
1641
1750
1969
2085
2188
2625
2779
2844
3063
3282
3501
3938
4157
4376
4595
4813
5251
5470
25.4
28
29
30
32
35
36
38
40
44
45
50
55
57
60
63.5
65
70
75
18.52
20.42
21.15
21.88
23.34
25.53
26.25
27.71
29.17
32.09
32.82
36.47
40.11
41.57
43.76
46.31
47.40
51.05
54.70
593
653
677
700
747
817
840
887
934
1027
1050
1167
1284
1330
1400
1482
1517
1634
1750
1186
1307
1354
1400
1494
1634
1680
1774
1867
2054
2100
2334
2567
2660
2801
2964
3034
3267
3501
926
1021
1057
1094
1167
1277
1313
1386
1459
1605
1641
1823
2006
2079
2188
2316
2370
2553
2735
1852
2042
2115
2188
2334
2553
2625
2771
2917
3209
3282
3647
4011
4157
4376
4631
4740
5105
5470
2223
2450
2538
2625
2801
3064
3151
3326
3501
3851
3938
4376
4813
4988
5251
5557
5689
6126
6564
2964
3267
3384
3501
3734
4085
4201
4434
4668
5134
5251
5834
6418
6651
7001
7410
7585
8168
8752
5557
6126
6345
6564
7001
7659
7876
8314
8752
9627
9846
10940
12033
12471
13127
13893
14221
15315
16409
Contd. from previous page
2
2
Metric units 7.85kg/mm m - 0.7293 kg/mm ft
148
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PLATES
146
Width x Length (ft)
Thickness
Weight
2
4x8
4 x 16
5 x 10
5 x 20
Weight / pc
6 x 20
8 x 20
10 x 30
mm
kg/ft
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
80
90
100
110
120
58.34
65.64
72.93
80.22
87.52
1867
2100
2334
2567
2801
3734
4201
4668
5134
5601
2917
3282
3647
4011
4376
5834
6564
7293
8022
8752
7001
7876
8752
9627
10502
9335
10502
11669
12836
14003
17503
19691
21879
24067
26255
125
130
140
150
91.16
94.81
102.1
109.4
2917
3034
3267
3501
5834
6068
6535
7001
4558
4740
5105
5470
9116
9481
10210
10940
10940
11377
12252
13127
14586
15169
16336
17503
27349
28443
30631
32819
Table 26 – Plates: Sizes of Mild Steel Plates
Chequered Plates
2
2
Metric units 8.08kg/mm m - 0.7507 kg/mm ft
Weight
mm
kg/ft
2.3
3
2
4x 8
4 x 10
4 x 16
4 x 20
5 x 10
5 x 20
Weight / pc
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
Kg
1.73
2.25
55.2
72.0
69.1
90.1
111
144
138
180
86.3
113
-
3.2
2.40
76.8
96.1
154
192
120
-
4
3.00
96.1
120
192
240
150
-
4.3
3.23
103
129
207
258
161
-
4.5
3.38
108
135
216
270
169
-
5
3.75
120
150
240
300
188
-
5.8
4.35
139
174
279
348
218
435
6
4.50
144
180
288
360
225
450
7.5
5.63
180
225
360
450
282
563
8
6.01
192
240
384
480
300
601
9
6.76
216
270
432
541
338
676
12
9.01
288
360
576
721
450
901
PLATES
Width x Length (ft)
Thickness
Table 27 – Plates: Sizes of Chequered Plates
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
149
Plates
Metric units 7.85kg/mm m2 - 0.7293 kg/mm ft2
Thickness
Width x Length (ft)
4x8
Weight / pc
mm
M
kg/ft2
5 x 10
5 x 20
6 x 20
8 x 20
10 x 30
kg
1.2
0.875
28.0
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
-
43.8
-
-
-
1.5
1.094
-
35.0
-
54.7
-
-
-
1.6
-
1.167
37.3
-
58.3
-
-
-
-
1.9
1.386
44.3
-
69.3
-
-
-
-
2.3
1.677
53.7
-
83.9
-
-
-
-
2.6
1.896
60.7
-
94.8
-
-
-
-
3
2.188
70.0
-
109
219
-
-
-
3.2
2.334
74.7
-
117
-
-
-
-
4.5
3.282
105
210
164
328
394
-
-
5
3.647
117
233
182
365
438
-
-
6
4.376
140
280
219
438
525
700
1313
7
5.105
163
327
255
511
613
817
1532
8
5.834
187
373
292
583
700
934
1750
9
6.564
210
420
328
656
788
1050
1969
10
7.293
233
467
365
729
875
1167
2188
11
8.022
257
513
401
802
963
1284
2407
t
PLATES
150
Unit
Weight
4 x 16
12
8.752
280
560
438
875
1050
1400
2625
12.7
9.262
296
593
463
926
1111
1482
2779
13
9.481
303
607
474
948
1138
1517
2844
14
10.21
327
653
511
1021
1225
1634
3063
15
10.94
350
700
547
1094
1313
1750
3282
16
11.67
373
747
583
1167
1400
1867
3501
17
12.40
397
793
620
1240
1488
1984
3719
18
13.13
420
840
656
1313
1575
2100
3938
19
13.86
443
887
693
1386
1663
2217
4157
20
14.59
467
934
729
1459
1750
2334
4376
21
15.32
490
980
766
1532
1838
2450
4595
22
16.04
513
1027
802
1604
1925
2567
4813
23
16.77
537
1074
839
1677
2013
2684
5032
24
17.50
560
1120
875
1750
2100
2801
5251
25
18.23
583
1167
912
1823
2188
2917
5470
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Plates
Metric units 7.85kg/mm m2 - 0.7293 kg/mm ft2
Unit
Width x Length (ft)
Weight
4x8
Weight / pc
mm
M
kg/ft2
4 x 16
5 x 10
5 x 20
6 x 20
8 x 20
10 x 30
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
25.4
26
18.52
593
1186
926
1852
2223
2964
5557
18.96
607
1214
948
1896
2275
3034
5689
27
19.69
630
1260
985
1969
2363
3151
5907
28
20.42
653
1307
1021
2042
2450
3267
6126
29
21.15
677
1354
1057
2115
2538
3384
6345
30
21.88
700
1400
1094
2188
2625
3501
6564
32
23.34
747
1494
1167
2334
2801
3734
7001
34
24.80
793
1587
1240
2480
2976
3967
7439
36
26.25
840
1680
1313
2625
3151
4201
7876
38
27.71
887
1774
1386
2771
3326
4434
8314
40
29.17
934
1867
1459
2917
3501
4668
8752
45
32.82
1050
2100
1641
3282
3938
5251
9846
50
36.47
1167
2334
1823
3647
4376
5834
10940
55
40.11
1284
2567
2006
4011
4813
6418
12033
60
43.76
1400
2801
2188
4376
5251
7001
13127
65
47.40
1517
3034
2370
4740
5689
7585
14221
70
51.05
1634
3267
2553
5105
6126
8168
15315
75
54.70
1750
3501
2735
5470
6564
8752
16409
80
58.34
1867
3734
2917
5834
7001
9335
17503
t
90
65.64
2100
4201
3282
6564
7876
10502
19691
100
72.93
2334
4668
3647
7293
8752
11669
21879
110
80.22
2567
5134
4011
8022
9627
12836
24067
120
87.52
2801
5601
4376
8752
10502
14003
26255
125
91.16
2917
5834
4558
9116
10940
14586
27349
130
94.81
3034
6068
4740
9481
11377
15169
28443
140
150
102.1
109.4
3267
3501
6535
7001
5105
5470
10210
10940
12252
13127
16336
17503
30631
32819
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PLATES
Thickness
151
PLATES
152
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
JIS G 3452-1988 (SGP)
Nominal size
A
B
Outside Diameter
mm
in
Thickness
mm
in
Unit Weight (plain end)
lb/ft
kg/m
6
1/8
10.5
0.413
2.0
0.079
0.282
0.419
8
1/4
13.8
0.543
2.3
0.090
0.438
0.652
10
3/8
17.3
0.681
2.3
0.090
0.572
0.851
15
1/2
21.7
0.854
2.8
0.110
0.880
1.31
20
3/4
27.2
1.07
2.8
0.110
1.13
1.68
25
1
34.0
1.34
3.2
0.126
1.63
2.43
32
1 1/4
42.7
1.68
3.5
0.138
2.27
3.38
40
1 1/2
48.6
1.91
3.5
0.138
2.61
3.89
50
2
60.5
2.38
3.8
0.150
3.57
5.31
65
2 1/2
76.3
3.00
4.2
0.165
5.02
7.47
80
3
89.1
3.51
4.2
0.165
5.91
8.79
90
3 1/2
102
4.00
4.2
0.165
6.79
10.1
100
4
114
4.50
4.5
0.177
8.20
12.2
125
5
140
5.50
4.5
0.177
10.1
15.0
150
6
165
6.50
5.0
0.197
13.3
19.8
175
7
191
7.51
5.3
0.209
16.3
24.2
200
8
216
8.52
5.8
0.228
20.2
30.1
225
9
242
9.52
6.2
0.244
24.2
36.0
250
10
267
10.5
6.6
0.260
28.5
42.4
300
12
319
12.5
6.9
0.272
35.6
53.0
350
14
356
14.0
7.9
0.311
45.5
67.7
400
16
406
16.0
7.9
0.311
52.1
77.6
450
18
457
18.0
7.9
0.311
58.7
87.5
500
20
508
20.0
7.9
0.311
65.4
97.4
Tensile Strength : 290N/mm 2
Welded steel Pipes Class Extra Light (AA)
Nominal
of thread
in.
bore
mm
in.
mm
in.
1/2
15
0.84
21.4
3/4
20
1.06
26.9
1
25
1.33
1 1/4
32
1 1/2
Outside diameter of black pipe
max.
Thickness
min
in.
mm
0.83
21
0.063
1.6
0.52
0.773
1.04
26.4
0.063
1.6
0.666
0.99
33.8
1.31
33.2
0.075
1.9
0.994
1.48
1.67
42.5
1.65
41.9
0.075
1.9
1.27
1.89
40
1.9
48.4
1.88
47.8
0.075
1.9
1.45
2.16
2
50
2.3
60.2
2.35
59.6
0.075
1.9
1.83
2.72
2 1/2
65
2.99
76
2.96
75.2
0.075
1.9
2.31
3.45
3
80
3.49
88.7
3.46
87.9
0.083
2.1
3
4.46
3 1/2
90
3.98
102
3.95
101.1
0.083
2.1
3.46
5.15
4
100
4.48
113.9
4.45
113
0.091
2.3
4.23
6.31
5
125
5.53
140.6
5.46
138.7
0.157
4.0
8.99
13.4
6
150
6.54
166.1
6.46
164.1
0.157
4.0
10.7
15.9
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
lb/ft
Plain end
kg/m
mm
PIPES
Designation
153
PIPES
BS 1387-1985
Steel tubes and tubulars suitable for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads
Tube
Outside diameter of black pipe
max.
min
in.
mm
in.
mm
Nominal
bore
mm
in.
mm
1/8
6
0.383
10.1
0.369
9.7
0.072
1.8
1/4
8
0.532
13.6
0.518
13.2
0.072
1.8
3/8
10
0.671
17.1
0.656
16.7
0.072
1.8
1/2
15
0.841
21.4
0.825
21.0
0.080
2.0
3/4
20
1.059
26.9
1.041
26.4
0.092
2.3
1
25
1.328
33.8
1.309
33.2
0.104
2.6
1 1/4
32
1.670
42.5
1.650
41.9
1.104
2.6
1 1/2
40
1.903
48.4
1.882
47.8
0.116
2.9
2
50
2.347
60.2
2.307
59.6
0.116
2.9
2 1/2
65
2.991
76.0
2.960
75.2
0.128
3.2
3
80
3.491
88.7
3.460
87.9
0.128
3.2
4
100
4.481
113.9
4.450
113.0
0.144
3.6
1/8
6
0.411
10.4
0.386
9.8
0.080
2.0
1/4
8
0.547
13.9
0.522
13.3
0.092
2.3
3/8
10
0.685
17.4
0.660
16.8
0.092
2.3
1/2
15
0.856
21.7
0.831
21.1
0.104
2.6
3/4
20
1.072
27.2
1.047
26.6
0.104
2.6
1
25
1.346
34.2
1.316
33.4
0.128
3.2
1 1/4
32
1.687
42.9
1.657
42.1
0.128
3.2
1 1/2
40
1.919
48.8
1.889
48.0
0.128
3.2
2
50
2.394
60.8
2.354
59.8
0.144
3.6
2 1/2
65
3.014
76.6
2.969
75.4
0.144
3.6
3
80
3.524
89.5
3.469
88.1
0.160
4.0
4
100
4.524
114.9
4.459
113.3
0.176
4.5
5
125
5.534
140.6
5.459
138.7
0.192
5.0
6
150
6.539
166.1
6.459
164.1
0.192
5.0
1/8
6
0.411
10.4
0.386
9.8
0.104
2.7
1/4
8
0.547
13.9
0.522
13.3
0.116
2.9
3/8
10
0.685
17.4
0.660
16.8
0.116
2.9
1/2
15
0.856
21.7
0.831
21.1
0.128
3.2
3/4
20
1.072
27.2
1.047
26.6
0.128
3.2
1
25
1.346
34.2
1.316
33.4
0.160
4.0
1 1/4
32
1.687
42.9
1.657
42.1
0.160
4.0
1 1/2
40
1.919
48.8
1.889
48.0
0.160
4.0
2
50
2.394
60.8
2.354
59.8
0.176
4.5
2 1/2
65
3.014
76.6
2.969
75.4
0.176
4.5
3
80
3.524
89.5
3.469
88.1
0.192
5.0
4
100
4.524
114.9
4.459
113.3
0.212
5.4
5
125
5.534
140.6
5.459
138.7
0.212
5.4
6
150
6.539
166.1
6.459
164.1
0.212
5.4
Light (A)
Medium (B)
Heavy (C)
PIPES
Yield Strength : 195 N/mm2
Tensile Strength : 320 to 460 N/mm2
154
Thickness
Designation
of thread
in.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
Steel tubes and tubulars suitable for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads
Light (A)
Medium (B)
Heavy (C)
Weight of black pipe
Plain end
Screwed and socketed
lb/ft
kg/m
lb/ft
kg/m
Ordinary sockets
Min. outside dia.
Min. length
in.
mm
in.
mm
0.243
0.361
0.245
0.364
19/32
15.0
3/4
19
0.347
0.517
0.350
0.521
23/32
18.5
1 1/16
27
0.453
0.674
0.457
0.680
7/8
22.0
1 1/8
28
0.640
0.952
0.646
0.961
1 1/16
27.0
1 7/16
37
0.944
1.410
0.954
1.420
1 9/32
32.5
1 9/16
39
1.350
2.010
1.360
2.030
1 9/16
39.5
1 13/16
46
1.730
2.580
1.750
2.610
1 15/16
49.0
2
51
2.190
3.250
2.220
3.290
2 3/16
56.0
2
51
2.760
4.110
2.810
4.180
2 11/16
68.0
2 3/8
60
3.900
5.800
3.980
5.920
3 5/16
84.0
2 11/16
69
4.580
6.810
4.690
6.980
3 7/8
98.0
2 15/16
75
6.640
9.890
6.840
10.200
4 7/8
124.0
3 7/16
87
0.273
0.407
0.275
0.410
19/32
15.0
3/4
19
0.437
0.650
0.440
0.654
23/32
18.5
1 1/16
27
0.573
0.852
0.577
0.858
7/8
22.0
1 1/8
28
0.822
1.220
0.828
1.230
1 1/16
27.0
1 7/16
37
1.060
1.580
1.070
1.590
1 9/32
32.5
1 9/16
39
1.640
2.440
1.650
2.460
1 9/16
39.5
1 13/16
46
2.110
3.140
2.130
3.170
1 15/16
49.0
2
51
2.430
3.610
2.460
3.650
2 3/16
56.0
2
51
3.420
5.100
3.470
5.170
2 11/16
68.0
2 3/8
60
4.380
6.510
4.460
6.630
3 5/16
84.0
2 11/16
69
5.690
8.470
5.800
8.640
3 7/8
98.0
2 15/16
75
8.140
12.100
8.340
12.400
4 7/8
124.0
3 7/16
87
10.900
16.200
11.200
16.700
5 15/16
151.0
3 3/4
96
12.900
19.200
13.300
19.800
7
178.0
3 3/4
96
0.331
0.493
0.333
0.496
19/32
15.0
3/4
19
0.517
0.769
0.520
0.773
23/32
18.5
1 1/16
27
0.686
1.020
0.690
1.030
7/8
22.0
1 1/8
28
0.977
1.450
0.983
1.460
1 1/16
27.0
1 7/16
37
1.270
1.900
1.280
1.910
1 9/32
32.5
1 9/16
39
2.000
2.970
2.010
2.990
1 9/16
39.5
1 13/16
46
2.580
3.840
2.600
3.870
1 15/16
49.0
2
51
2.980
4.430
3.010
4.470
2 3/16
56.0
2
51
4.140
6.170
4.190
6.240
2 11/16
68.0
2 3/8
60
5.310
7.900
5.390
8.020
3 5/16
84.0
2 11/16
69
6.760
10.100
6.870
10.300
3 7/8
98.0
2 15/16
75
9.710
14.400
9.910
14.700
4 7/8
124.0
3 7/16
87
12.000
17.800
12.300
18.300
5 15/16
151.0
3 3/4
96
14.300
21.200
14.700
21.800
7
178.0
3 3/4
96
PIPES
Tube
Yield Strength : 195 N/mm2
Tensile Strength : 320 to 460 N/mm2
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
155
PIPES
153
API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997)
API Specification 5L line pipes (1991 edition); seamless and welded line pipes for
conveying water, gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons and for the construction of
chemical and industrial plants, oil refineries etc.
ASTM A53 (1997 edition) Steel pipes, black and hot-dipped, zinc-coated, welded and
seamless, with nominal (average) diameter from 1/8” - 26”.
Please note that API 5L pipes might be heat-treated, ASTM A53 pipes are all cold
formed.
Chemical composition
The chemical composition of the API 5L and ASTM A53 pipes are shown below.
Delivery
condition
API 5L
S-W
S-W
S-W
S-W
S-W
S-W
S-W
W
W
W
ASTM A53
S-W
S-W
F
Grade
C max.
%
Mn max.
%
P max.
%
S max.
%
A
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
0.22
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.31
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.23
0.18
0.90
1.15
1.25
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.40
1.60
1.80
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.018
A
B
0.25
0.30
-
0.95
1.20
-
0.05
0.05
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
Notes: S = Seamless, W = electric-resistance Welded, F = Furnace-welded
Table 28 – API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Chemical composition
Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties for the API 5L and ASTM A53 pipes are shown in Table 29
below.
PIPES
Delivery
condition
API 5L
S-W
S-W
S-W
S-W
S-W
S-W
S-W
W
W
W
ASTM A53
S-W
S-W
F
Grade
Min. Yield
strength
2
N/mm
Min. Tensile
strength
2
N/mm
A
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
207
241
289
317
358
386
413
448
482
551
331
413
413
434
455
489
517
530
565
620-827
A
B
205
240
170
330
415
310
Table 29 – API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Mechanical properties
The tables on the following pages show the available sizes with outside diameter, plain
end weight, wall thickness, designation, and hydrostatic test pressure.
156
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
154
Section sizes
OD = outer diameter,
ID = inner diameter
= Sizes only from ASTM A53 (1997). Schedule Nos. are taken from ASTM A53.
ASTM sizes do not have an alternative size or grades X42 to X80.
Wall thickness
Unit
weight
ID
inch
mm
Sch. No
(Class)
t
mm
kg/m
mm
1/8
10.3
40(Std)
80(XS)
1.7
2.4
0.36
0.47
6.9
5.5
1/4
13.7
40(Std)
80(XS)
2.2
3.0
0.62
0.79
3/8
17.2
40(Std)
80(XS)
2.3
3.2
Butt
weld
Hydrostatic test pressure
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
A
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
700
850
700
850
700
850
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.3
7.7
700
850
700
850
700
850
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.84
1.10
12.5
10.1
700
850
700
850
700
850
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1/2
40(Std)
2.8
1.28
15.7
700
700
700
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
21.3
80(XS)
160
(XXS)
3.7
4.8
7.5
1.61
1.95
2.55
13.9
11.7
6.3
850
900
1000
850
900
1000
850
900
1000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3/4
26.7
40(Std)
80(XS)
160
(XXS)
2.9
3.9
5.6
7.8
1.70
2.19
2.89
3.64
20.9
18.9
15.5
11.1
700
850
950
1000
700
850
950
1000
700
850
950
1000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
33.4
40 (Std)
80 (XS)
160
(XXS)
3.4
4.5
6.4
9.1
2.52
3.21
4.23
5.45
26.6
24.4
20.7
15.2
700
850
1000
-
700
850
950
1000
700
850
950
1000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 1/4
42.2
40 (Std)
80 (XS)
160
(XXS)
3.6
4.9
6.4
9.7
3.43
4.51
5.60
7.77
35.0
32.4
29.5
22.8
1000
1300
1400
-
1200
1800
1900
2200
1300
1900
2000
2300
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 1/2
48.3
40 (Std)
80 (XS)
160
(XXS)
3.7
5.1
7.1
10.2
4.07
5.43
7.23
9.58
40.9
38.1
34.0
27.9
-
1200
1800
1950
2200
1300
1900
2050
2300
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.1
3.01
56.1
2.8
3.97
54.6
3.2
4.51
53.9
3.6
5.03
53.1
3.9
5.42
52.5
4.4
6.07
51.5
4.8
6.57
50.7
5.5
7.43
49.3
6.4
8.51
47.5
7.1
9.31
46.1
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
1260
1570
1650
2070
1890
2370
2140
2500
2330
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
1470
1830
1930
2410
2210
2500
2490
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
1760
2200
2310
2890
2650
3000
2990
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1930
2410
2530
3000
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2180
2730
2860
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2350
2940
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2520
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2730
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2940
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2 3/8
60.3
(Std)
40 (Std)
80 (XS)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
Size
OD
157
PIPES
155
Size
OD
Wall thickness
inch
mm
Sch. no
(Class)
t
mm
kg/m
mm
2 3/8
60.3
160
8.7
11.10
42.8
(XXS)
11.1
13.47
38.1
2.1
3.67
68.8
2.8
4.85
67.4
3.2
5.51
66.6
3.6
6.16
65.8
4.0
6.81
65.0
4.4
7.44
64.2
4.8
8.07
63.4
5.2
8.69
62.6
5.5
9.16
62.0
6.4
10.51
60.2
80 (XS)
7.0
11.39
59.0
160
9.5
14.89
54.0
(XXS)
14.0
20.37
45.0
2.1
4.50
84.7
2.8
5.95
83.3
3.2
6.76
82.5
3.6
7.57
81.7
4.0
8.37
80.9
4.4
9.17
80.1
4.8
9.95
79.3
5.5
11.31
77.9
6.4
13.02
76.1
7.1
14.32
74.7
7.6
15.24
73.7
2 7/8
73.0
40 (Std)
3
88.9
PIPES
40 (Std)
80 (XS)
158
Unit
weight
Hydrostatic test pressure
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
ID
A
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
1040
1300
1360
1710
1570
1960
1770
2210
1950
2440
2150
2500
2350
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
1210
1520
1590
1990
1830
2280
2060
2500
2280
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
1460
1820
1910
2390
2190
2740
2470
3000
2730
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1590
1990
2090
2620
2400
3000
2710
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1800
2250
2370
2960
2710
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1940
2430
2550
3000
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2030
2600
2730
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2250
2810
2960
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2430
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2770
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
850
1070
1120
1400
1290
1610
1450
1810
1600
2010
1770
2210
1930
2420
2220
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
1000
1250
1310
1640
1500
1880
1690
2120
1870
2340
2060
2500
2260
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
1200
1490
1570
1960
1800
2250
2030
2540
2250
2810
2480
3000
2710
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1310
1640
1720
2150
1970
2460
2220
2780
2460
3000
2710
3000
2970
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1480
1850
1940
2430
2230
2790
2510
3000
2780
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1590
1990
2090
2620
2400
3000
2710
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1710
2130
2240
2800
2570
3000
2900
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1850
2310
2430
3000
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1990
2490
2620
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2270
2840
2990
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
156
Size
OD
Wall thickness
inch
mm
Sch. no
(Class)
t
mm
kg/m
mm
A
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
3
160
11.1
21.30
66.6
Std.
2500
2500
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
2500
2500
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
750
930
980
1230
1130
1410
1270
1590
1400
1760
1550
1940
1690
2120
2930
2540
2250
2800
2530
2800
2800
2800
870
1090
1140
1430
1310
1640
1480
1850
1640
2050
1810
2260
1970
2470
2370
2800
2630
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
1050
1310
1370
1720
1580
1970
1780
2220
1970
2460
2170
2710
2370
2960
2850
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1150
1430
1500
1880
1730
2160
1950
2430
2150
2690
2370
2970
2590
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1290
1620
1700
2130
1950
2440
2200
2750
2430
3000
2680
3000
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1390
1740
1830
2290
2100
2630
2370
2960
2620
3000
2890
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1490
1870
1960
2450
2250
2810
2540
3000
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1620
2020
2130
2660
2440
3000
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1740
2180
2290
2860
2630
3000
2960
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1990
2460
2620
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
660
830
1000
1250
1130
1410
1250
1560
1380
1720
1500
1880
1620
2030
1750
2190
1900
2370
2000
2500
2250
2800
2500
2800
2700
2800
770
970
1170
1460
1320
1650
1460
1820
1610
2010
1750
2190
1890
2370
2040
2560
2210
2770
2330
2800
2620
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
930
1160
1400
1750
1580
1970
1750
2180
1930
2410
2110
2630
2270
2840
2450
3000
2650
3000
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1020
1270
1530
1920
1730
2160
1910
2390
2110
2640
2310
2880
2490
3000
2690
3000
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1150
1440
1730
2170
1960
2440
2160
2700
2390
2980
2610
3000
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1240
1550
1870
2330
2110
2630
2330
2910
2570
3000
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1330
1660
2000
2500
2260
2820
2500
3000
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1440
1800
2170
2710
2440
3000
2700
3000
2980
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1550
1940
2330
2920
2630
3000
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1770
2210
2670
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
88.9
(XXS)
4
101.6
40 (Std)
80 (XS)
4
114.30
40 (Std)
80 (XS)
Hydrostatic test pressure
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
ID
15.2
27.63
58.5
2.1
5.15
97.4
2.8
6.82
96.0
3.2
7.76
95.2
3.6
8.70
94.4
4.0
9.63
93.6
4.4
10.55
92.8
4.8
11.46
92.0
5.7
13.48
90.2
6.4
15.02
88.8
7.1
16.55
87.4
8.1
18.68
85.4
2.1
5.81
110.1
3.2
8.77
107.9
3.6
9.83
107.1
4.0
10.88
106.3
4.4
11.92
105.5
4.8
12.96
104.7
5.2
13.99
103.9
5.6
15.01
103.1
6.0
16.02
102.3
6.4
17.03
101.5
7.1
18.77
100.1
7.9
20.73
98.5
8.6
22.42
97.1
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
X80
PIPES
Unit
weight
159
PIPES
157
Size
OD
Wall thickness
Unit
weight
inch
mm
Sch. no
(Class)
t
mm
kg/m
mm
4
120
11.1
28.25
92.1
160
13.5
33.56
87.3
(XXS)
17.1
40.99
80.1
Hydrostatic test pressure
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
ID
114.30
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
5 9/16
2.1
7.21
137.1
Std.
540
630
750
820
930
1000
1040
1160
1250
1430
141.3
3.2
4.0
4.8
5.6
6.6
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
12.7
15.9
19.1
10.90
13.54
16.16
18.74
21.92
23.50
25.99
28.45
30.88
40.28
49.17
57.56
134.9
133.3
131.7
130.1
128.1
127.1
125.5
123.9
122.3
115.9
109.5
103.1
Std.
Std.
Std.
Std.
Std.
Std.
Std.
Std.
Std.
Std.
Std.
Std.
810
1010
1220
1420
1670
1820
2020
2230
2430
2800
2800
2800
940
1180
1420
1650
1950
2120
2360
2600
2800
2800
2800
2800
1130
1410
1700
1990
2340
2550
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1240
1550
1870
2170
2560
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1400
1750
2110
2460
2890
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1500
1910
2270
2650
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1630
2020
2430
2830
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1750
2120
2640
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1890
2360
2840
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2160
2690
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
40
80 (XS)
120
160
(XXS)
Size
Wall thickness
OD
inch
mm
Sch. No.
(Class)
6 5/8
168.3
PIPES
40
80 (XS)
120
160
(XXS)
8 5/8
219.1
160
A
Std.
Unit
Hydrostatic test pressure
weight
ID
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
mm
kg/m
mm
A
Std.
Alt.
B
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
2.1
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.0
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.6
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
11.0
12.7
14.3
15.9
18.3
19.1
21.9
22.2
8.61
11.43
13.03
14.62
16.21
17.78
19.35
20.91
22.47
25.55
28.22
31.25
34.24
37.20
42.67
48.73
54.31
59.76
67.69
70.27
79.10
79.98
164.1
162.7
161.9
161.1
160.3
159.5
158.7
157.9
157.1
155.5
154.1
152.5
150.9
149.3
146.3
142.9
139.7
136.5
131.7
130.1
124.4
123.9
450
590
680
770
850
930
1020
1100
1190
1360
1520
1700
1870
2040
2350
2720
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
560
740
850
960
1060
1170
1280
1380
1490
1700
1900
2120
2340
2550
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
530
690
790
890
990
1090
1190
1290
1390
1580
1780
1980
2180
2380
2740
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
660
860
990
1120
1240
1360
1490
1610
1740
1980
2220
2470
2500
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
790
1040
1190
1340
1480
1640
1790
1930
2080
2380
2660
2970
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
860
1140
1300
1470
1620
1790
1960
2110
2280
2600
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
980
1280
1470
1660
1840
2030
2210
2390
2580
2940
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1050
1380
1580
1790
1980
2180
2380
2570
2780
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1130
1480
1700
1920
2120
2340
2550
2760
2980
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1220
1600
1840
2080
2300
2530
2770
2990
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1320
1730
1980
2230
2470
2730
2980
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1500
1970
2260
2550
2830
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3.2
4.0
4.8
5.2
17.04
21.22
25.37
27.43
212.7
211.1
209.5
208.7
520
650
780
850
650
810
980
1060
610
760
920
990
760
950
1140
1240
910
1140
1370
1480
1000
1250
1500
1620
1130
1410
1700
1840
1220
1520
1830
2000
1300
1630
1960
2120
1410
1760
2130
2290
1520
1900
2290
2470
1740
2170
2620
2820
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
inch
mm
8 5/8
219.1
Wall thickness
Sch. No.
(Class)
20
30
40
60
80 (XS)
100
120
140
(XXS)
160
10 3/4
273.1
20
30
40
10 3/4
273.1
60 (XS)
80
100
120
140
160
12 3/4
323.9
20
30
(Std)
40
Unit
weight
ID
Hydrostatic test pressure
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
t
mm
kg/m
mm
A
Std.
Alt.
B
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
5.6
6.4
7.0
7.9
8.2
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
12.7
14.3
15.1
15.9
18.3
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.0
25.4
29.48
33.57
36.61
41.14
42.65
45.14
49.10
53.03
56.94
64.64
72.22
75.81
79.67
90.62
94.20
100.84
107.79
111.14
121.32
207.9
206.3
205.1
203.3
202.7
201.7
200.1
198.5
196.9
193.7
190.5
188.9
187.3
182.5
180.9
177.9
174.7
173.1
168.3
910
1040
1160
1300
1340
1440
1570
1700
1830
2090
2350
2500
2610
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
1140
1300
1450
1630
1680
1790
1960
2290
2610
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
1070
1220
1350
1520
1570
1680
1830
2000
2130
2430
2740
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
1330
1520
1690
1900
1960
2090
2280
2670
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
1600
1830
2020
2280
2350
2510
2740
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1750
2000
2220
2500
2580
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1980
2260
2510
2820
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2130
2430
2700
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2290
2610
2890
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2480
2830
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2670
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
4.0
4.8
5.2
5.6
6.4
7.1
7.8
8.7
9.3
11.1
26.54
31.76
34.35
36.94
42.09
46.57
51.03
56.72
60.50
71.72
265.1
263.5
262.7
261.9
260.3
258.9
257.5
255.7
254.5
250.9
520
630
680
730
840
930
1030
1150
1220
1470
650
790
850
920
1050
1170
1290
1440
1530
1830
610
730
790
860
980
1090
1200
1340
1430
1710
760
920
990
1070
1220
1360
1500
1680
1780
2140
1040
1250
1350
1450
1660
1850
2040
2280
2420
2910
1130
1370
1480
1590
1820
2030
2230
2500
2660
3000
1280
1550
1670
1800
2060
2290
2520
2830
3000
3000
1380
1660
1800
1940
2210
2470
2720
3000
3000
3000
1480
1780
1930
2080
2370
2650
2910
3000
3000
3000
1600
1930
2090
2250
2570
2870
3000
3000
3000
3000
1730
2080
2250
2420
2770
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1970
2380
2570
2770
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
12.7
14.3
15.1
15.9
18.3
20.6
21.4
22.2
23.8
25.4
28.6
31.8
81.55
91.26
95.87
100.85
114.99
128.27
132.86
137.36
146.30
155.10
172.25
188.75
247.7
244.5
242.9
241.3
236.5
231.9
230.2
228.7
225.5
222.3
172.1
209.5
1670
1880
1990
2090
2410
2720
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2090
2350
2620
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
1950
2200
2320
2440
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2440
2740
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.6
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.4
8.7
9.5
10.3
34.67
37.77
40.87
43.59
50.11
55.47
61.56
65.35
67.62
73.65
79.65
315.1
314.3
313.5
312.7
311.1
309.7
308.1
307.1
306.5
304.9
303.3
490
530
570
620
710
790
880
930
970
1060
1150
610
660
720
770
880
990
1100
1160
1210
1320
1430
570
620
670
720
820
930
1030
1090
1130
1240
1340
710
770
840
900
1030
1160
1280
1360
1420
1540
1670
960
1050
1140
1230
1400
1570
1750
1850
1930
2100
2270
1050
1150
1250
1340
1530
1720
1910
2020
2110
2300
2490
1190
1300
1410
1520
1730
1950
2160
2290
2390
2600
2810
1280
1400
1520
1640
1870
2100
2330
2460
2570
2800
3000
1380
1500
1620
1750
2000
2250
2500
2640
2750
3000
3000
1490
1630
1760
1900
2170
2440
2700
2860
2980
3000
3000
1610
1750
1890
2040
2330
2620
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
1830
2010
2170
2340
2670
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
Size
OD
158
161
PIPES
Size
OD
inch
mm
12 3/4
323.9
159
Wall thickness
Sch. No.
(Class)
(XS)
60
80
100
120(XXS)
140
160
14
355.6
10
20
30(Std)
40
(XS)
60
80
PIPES
100
120
140
160
16
406.4
10
20
162
Unit
Weight
ID
Hydrostatic test pressure
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
t
mm
kg/m
mm
A
Std.
Alt.
B
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
11.1
12.7
14.3
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
21.4
22.2
23.8
25.4
27.0
28.6
31.8
33.3
85.62
97.46
109.18
120.76
132.23
143.56
154.08
159.69
165.17
176.13
186.91
197.68
208.27
229.06
238.48
301.7
298.5
295.3
292.1
288.9
285.7
282.7
281.0
279.5
276.3
273.1
269.9
266.7
260.3
257.2
1240
1410
1590
1760
1940
2120
2290
2390
2470
2650
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
1550
1760
1980
2210
2430
2650
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
-
1440
1650
1850
2060
2270
2470
2670
2780
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
1800
2060
2310
2570
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
-
2450
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
2690
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
4.8
5.2
5.3
5.6
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.1
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
25.4
27.0
27.8
28.6
31.8
35.7
50.8
54.0
55.9
63.5
41.52
44.93
45.78
48.33
55.11
61.02
67.74
74.42
81.08
87.71
94.30
100.86
107.39
120.36
126.55
133.19
145.91
158.49
170.18
182.52
194.74
206.83
218.79
224.64
230.63
253.31
281.40
381.40
401.03
412.56
456.89
346.0
345.2
345.0
344.4
342.8
341.4
339.8
338.2
336.6
335.0
333.4
331.8
330.2
327.0
325.4
323.8
320.6
317.4
314.4
311.2
308.0
304.8
301.6
300.0
298.4
292.1
284.2
254.0
247.7
243.8
228.6
480
520
540
560
640
720
800
880
960
1040
1130
1210
1290
1450
1530
1610
1770
1930
2090
2250
2410
2570
2730
2740
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
600
650
680
700
800
900
1000
1110
1210
1310
1410
1510
1610
1810
2010
2210
2410
2610
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
-
560
610
630
660
750
840
940
1030
1120
1220
1310
1410
1500
1690
1780
1880
2060
2250
2440
2620
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
700
760
790
820
940
1050
1170
1290
1410
1520
1640
1760
1880
2110
2340
2580
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
-
960
1040
1070
1120
1280
1430
1590
1750
1910
2070
2230
2390
2550
2870
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1050
1140
1170
1220
1400
1570
1740
1920
2090
2270
2450
2620
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1190
1290
1330
1380
1580
1770
1970
2170
2370
2560
2770
2960
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1280
1390
1430
1490
1700
1910
2120
2340
2550
2760
2980
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1370
1480
1530
1600
1820
2050
2270
2510
2730
2960
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1480
1600
1660
1730
1970
2220
2460
2720
2960
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1600
1730
1790
1860
2130
2390
2650
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1830
1970
2040
2130
2430
2730
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
4.8
5.2
5.6
6.4
7.1
7.9
47.54
51.45
55.35
63.13
69.91
77.63
396.8
396.0
395.2
393.6
392.2
390.6
420
460
490
560
630
700
530
570
620
700
790
880
490
530
570
660
740
820
620
670
720
820
920
1020
840
910
980
1120
1250
1390
920
990
1070
1220
1370
1520
1040
1120
1210
1380
1550
1720
1120
1210
1300
1490
1670
1860
1200
1290
1400
1590
1790
1990
1300
1400
1510
1730
1940
2150
1400
1510
1630
1860
2090
2320
1600
1730
1860
2130
2390
2650
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
inch
mm
16
406.4
Wall thickness
Sch. No.
(Class)
30(Std)
40(XS)
60
80
100
120
140
160
18
457.2
10
20
(Std)
30
(XS)
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Unit
weight
ID
Hydrostatic test pressure
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
t
mm
kg/m
mm
A
Std.
Alt.
B
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.9
16.7
17.5
19.1
20.6
21.4
22.2
23.8
25.4
26.2
27.0
28.6
30.2
31.0
31.8
36.5
40.5
85.32
92.98
100.61
108.20
115.77
123.30
138.27
153.14
159.96
167.83
182.42
195.98
203.29
210.33
224.55
238.64
245.25
252.61
266.45
280.17
286.33
293.76
333.35
364.93
389.0
387.4
385.8
384.2
382.6
381.0
377.8
374.6
373.1
371.4
368.2
365.2
363.5
362.0
358.8
355.6
354.0
352.4
349.2
346.0
344.5
342.8
332.8
325.4
770
840
910
990
1060
1120
1260
1410
1480
1550
1690
1830
1900
1970
2110
2250
2320
2390
2530
2670
2740
2800
2800
2800
970
1050
1110
1230
1320
1410
1580
1760
1940
2110
2280
2460
2640
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
-
900
980
1070
1150
1230
1310
1480
1640
1720
1810
1970
2130
2220
2300
2460
2620
2710
2790
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
1130
1230
1330
1440
1540
1640
1840
2050
2260
2460
2660
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
-
1540
1670
1810
1950
2090
2230
2510
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1680
1830
1980
2140
2290
2440
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1900
2070
2240
2420
2590
2760
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
2050
2230
2420
2610
2790
2980
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
2190
2390
2590
2790
2990
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
2380
2590
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
2560
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
4.8
5.6
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
25.4
27.0
28.6
29.4
30.2
31.8
34.9
39.7
45.2
53.53
62.34
71.12
78.77
87.49
96.18
104.84
113.46
122.05
130.62
139.15
156.11
172.95
189.67
206.25
221.69
238.03
254.25
270.34
286.30
302.14
309.41
317.85
333.44
363.28
408.04
459.05
447.4
445.8
444.2
442.8
441.2
439.6
438.0
436.4
434.8
433.2
431.6
428.4
425.2
422.0
418.8
415.8
412.6
409.4
406.2
40.30
399.8
398.5
396.6
393.4
387.4
377.9
366.7
380
440
500
560
620
690
750
810
880
940
1000
1120
1250
1380
1500
1620
1750
1880
2000
2120
2250
2310
2370
2500
2750
2800
2800
470
550
620
700
780
860
940
1020
1100
1170
1250
1400
1560
1720
1880
2030
2190
2340
2500
2660
2800
2800
2800
-
440
510
580
660
730
800
880
950
1020
1090
1170
1310
1460
1610
1750
1890
2040
2190
2330
2480
2620
2700
2770
2800
2800
2800
2800
550
640
730
820
910
1000
1090
1180
1280
1370
1460
1640
1820
2010
2190
2370
2550
2740
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
-
750
870
990
1110
1240
1360
1490
1610
1740
1860
1980
2230
2480
2730
2980
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
820
950
1090
1220
1360
1490
1630
1760
1900
2040
2170
2440
2720
2990
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
920
1080
1230
1380
1530
1690
1840
1990
2150
2300
2460
2760
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
990
1160
1320
1490
1650
1820
1980
2150
2320
2480
2640
2970
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1070
1240
1420
1590
1770
1950
2120
2300
2480
2660
2830
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1150
1340
1530
1730
1920
2110
2300
2490
2690
2880
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1240
1450
1650
1860
2060
2270
2480
2680
2900
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1420
1650
1890
2120
2350
2600
2830
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
Size
OD
160
163
PIPES
Size
161
Wall thickness
OD
inch
mm
20
508.0
Sch. No.
(Class)
10
20(Std)
30(XS)
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
22
558.8
10
PIPES
20
30
40
164
Unit
Hydrostatic test pressure
weight
ID
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
t
mm
kg/m
mm
A
Std.
Alt.
B
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
5.6
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.1
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
25.4
26.2
27.0
28.6
30.2
31.8
32.5
33.3
34.9
38.1
44.5
50.0
69.38
79.16
87.70
97.43
107.12
116.78
126.41
136.01
145.58
155.12
174.10
183.19
192.95
211.68
230.27
247.60
265.95
284.18
302.28
310.80
320.26
338.11
355.83
373.43
381.07
389.81
407.17
440.99
507.56
564.10
496.8
495.2
493.8
492.2
490.6
489.0
487.4
485.8
484.2
482.6
479.4
477.8
476.2
473.0
469.8
466.8
463.6
460.4
457.2
455.6
454.0
450.8
447.6
444.4
442.9
441.4
438.2
431.8
419.1
408.0
390
450
510
560
620
680
730
790
840
900
1010
1170
1120
1240
1350
1460
1580
1690
1800
1860
1910
2020
2140
2250
2310
2360
2480
2700
2800
2800
490
560
630
700
770
840
910
990
1060
1120
1260
1410
1550
1690
1830
1970
2110
2250
2390
2530
2670
2750
2750
2750
-
460
520
590
660
720
790
850
920
980
1050
1180
1250
1310
1440
1580
1710
1840
1970
2100
2170
2230
2360
2490
2620
2690
2750
2750
2800
2800
2800
570
660
740
820
900
980
1070
1150
1230
1310
1480
1640
1810
1970
2130
2300
2460
2620
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
-
830
950
1060
1180
1300
1420
1530
1660
1770
1890
2120
2360
2600
2840
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
910
1040
1160
1290
1420
1550
1680
1810
1940
2070
2330
2590
2850
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1020
1170
1320
1460
1610
1760
1900
2050
2190
2340
2630
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1100
1260
1420
1570
1730
1890
2050
2210
2360
2520
2830
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1180
1350
1520
1680
1860
2030
2190
2370
2530
2700
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1280
1460
1640
1830
2010
2190
2380
2560
2740
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1380
1580
1770
1970
2170
2360
2560
2760
2950
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1580
1800
2020
2250
2480
2700
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
5.6
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
25.4
27.0
28.6
30.2
31.8
76.42
87.21
96.63
107.36
118.06
128.73
139.37
149.97
160.55
171.09
192.08
212.95
233.68
254.30
273.51
293.87
314.11
334.23
354.22
374.08
393.81
413.42
547.8
546.2
544.8
543.2
541.6
540.0
538.4
536.8
535.2
533.6
530.4
527.2
524.0
520.8
517.8
514.6
511.4
508.2
505.0
501.8
498.6
495.4
360
410
460
510
560
610
660
720
770
820
920
1020
1130
1230
1330
1430
1530
1640
1740
1840
1940
2050
450
510
570
640
700
770
830
900
960
1020
1150
1280
1410
1530
1660
1790
1920
2050
2170
2300
2430
2500
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
950
1070
1190
1310
1430
1550
1670
1790
1910
2030
2150
2270
2390
520
600
670
740
820
890
970
1050
1120
1190
1340
1490
1640
1790
1940
2090
2240
2390
2500
2500
2500
2500
750
860
970
1070
1180
1290
1400
1510
1610
1720
1930
2150
2360
2580
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
820
940
1060
1170
1290
1410
1530
1650
1770
1880
2120
2350
2590
2820
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
930
1060
1200
1330
1460
1600
1730
1860
2000
2130
2390
2660
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1000
1150
1290
1430
1580
1720
1860
2010
2150
2290
2570
2860
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1080
1230
1380
1530
1690
1840
1990
2150
2300
2450
2760
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1160
1330
1490
1660
1830
1990
2160
2330
2490
2660
2990
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1250
1430
1610
1790
1970
2150
2330
2510
2690
2860
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1430
1640
1840
2040
2250
2450
2660
2870
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
inch
mm
Wall thickness
Sch. No.
(Class)
22
558.8
24
609.6
10
20(Std)
(XS)
30
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
26
660.0
10
(Std)
20(XS)
Unit
weight
ID
Hydrostatic test pressure
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
t
mm
kg/m
mm
A
Std.
Alt.
B
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
33.3
34.9
36.5
38.1
431.69
451.06
470.30
489.41
492.4
489.2
486.0
482.8
2150
2250
2350
2450
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
24.6
25.4
27.0
28.6
30.2
31.0
31.8
33.3
34.9
36.5
38.1
38.9
39.7
46.0
52.4
59.5
95.26
105.56
117.30
129.00
140.68
152.32
163.93
175.51
187.06
210.07
232.94
255.69
278.32
299.41
321.79
344.05
355.41
366.17
388.17
410.05
431.80
441.31
453.42
473.57
494.95
516.20
537.33
546.68
558.32
638.93
718.88
806.75
597.2
595.8
594.2
592.6
591.0
589.4
587.8
586.2
584.6
581.4
578.2
575.0
571.8
568.8
565.6
562.4
560.4
559.2
556.0
552.8
549.6
547.7
546.4
543.4
540.2
537.0
533.8
531.8
530.6
517.6
504.9
490.5
380
420
470
520
560
610
660
700
750
840
940
1030
1120
1220
1310
1410
1450
1500
1590
1690
1780
1830
1880
1970
2060
2160
2250
2300
2300
2720
2800
2800
470
530
580
640
700
760
820
880
940
1050
1170
1290
1410
1520
1640
1760
1880
1990
2110
2230
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
-
440
490
550
600
660
710
770
820
880
980
1090
1200
1310
1420
1530
1640
1700
1750
1860
1970
2080
2130
2190
2300
2300
2300
2300
2680
2300
2800
2800
2800
550
610
680
750
820
890
960
1030
1090
1230
1370
1500
1640
1780
1910
2050
2190
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
-
790
890
980
1080
1180
1280
1380
1480
1580
1770
1970
2170
2360
2560
2760
2950
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
860
970
1080
1190
1290
1400
1510
1620
1730
1940
2160
2370
2590
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
980
1100
1220
1340
1460
1580
1710
1830
1950
2190
2440
2680
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1050
1180
1310
1440
1580
1710
1840
1970
2100
2360
2630
2890
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1130
1260
1400
1550
1690
1830
1970
2110
2250
2530
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1220
1370
1520
1680
1830
1980
2140
2290
2440
2740
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1310
1480
1640
1810
1970
2130
2300
2460
2630
2950
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
1500
1690
1870
2060
2250
2440
2630
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
25.4
103.15
114.31
127.04
139.73
152.39
165.02
177.62
190.19
202.72
227.70
252.55
277.27
301.87
324.81
349.16
373.39
397.49
647.2
645.8
644.2
642.6
641.0
639.4
637.8
636.2
634.6
631.4
628.2
625.0
621.8
618.8
615.6
612.4
609.2
350
390
430
480
520
560
610
650
690
780
870
950
1040
1120
1210
1300
1380
430
490
540
600
650
700
760
810
870
970
1080
1190
1300
1410
1510
1620
1730
400
450
500
560
610
660
710
760
810
910
1010
1110
1210
1310
1410
1520
1620
500
570
630
690
760
820
880
950
1010
1130
1260
1390
1510
1640
1770
1890
2000
730
820
910
1000
1090
1180
1270
1360
1450
1630
1820
2000
2180
2360
2540
2730
2910
800
890
990
1100
1190
1290
1390
1490
1590
1790
1990
2190
2390
2590
2790
2990
3000
900
1010
1120
1240
1350
1460
1580
1690
1800
2020
2250
2480
2700
2920
3000
3000
3000
970
1090
1210
1330
1450
1570
1700
1820
1940
2180
2420
2670
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
1040
1170
1300
1430
1560
1690
1820
1950
2080
2330
2600
2860
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1130
1260
1400
1550
1690
1830
1970
2110
2250
2530
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1210
1360
1510
1670
1820
1970
2120
2270
2420
2720
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1380
1560
1730
1910
2080
2250
2430
2600
2770
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
Size
OD
162
165
PIPES
Size
163
Wall thickness
OD
inch
mm
Sch. No.
(Class)
28
711.0
10
20
30
30
762.0
10
20
30
PIPES
32
813.0
10
20
30
40
166
Unit
Hydrostatic test pressure
weight
ID
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
t
mm
kg/m
mm
A
Std.
Alt.
B
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
25.4
111.20
123.24
136.97
150.67
164.34
177.98
191.58
205.15
218.69
245.68
272.54
299.28
325.89
350.72
377.08
403.32
429.44
698.2
696.8
695.2
693.6
692.0
690.4
688.8
687.2
685.6
682.4
679.2
676.0
672.8
669.8
666.6
663.4
660.2
320
360
400
440
480
520
560
600
640
720
800
880
960
1040
1120
1210
1290
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1110
1210
1300
1410
1510
1610
370
420
470
520
560
610
660
700
750
840
940
1030
1120
1220
1310
1410
1500
470
530
580
650
700
760
820
880
940
1050
1170
1290
1410
1520
1640
1760
1880
680
760
840
930
1010
1100
1180
1270
1350
1520
1690
1860
2020
2190
2360
2530
2700
740
830
920
1020
1110
1200
1300
1390
1480
1660
1850
2030
2220
2400
2590
2770
2960
840
940
1040
1150
1250
1360
1460
1570
1670
1880
2090
2300
2510
2710
2920
3000
3000
900
1010
1120
1240
1350
1460
1580
1690
1800
2020
2250
2480
2700
2920
3000
3000
3000
960
1080
1200
1330
1450
1570
1690
1810
1930
2170
2410
2650
2890
3000
3000
3000
3000
1040
1170
1300
1440
1570
1700
1830
1960
2090
2350
2610
2870
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1130
1260
1400
1550
1690
1830
1970
2110
2250
2530
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1290
1450
1600
1770
1930
2090
2250
2410
2570
2890
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
25.4
27.0
28.6
30.2
119.25
132.17
146.91
161.61
176.29
190.93
205.54
220.12
234.67
263.67
292.54
321.29
349.91
376.63
405.00
433.26
461.38
489.38
517.25
544.99
749.2
747.8
746.2
744.6
743.0
741.4
739.8
738.2
736.6
733.4
730.2
727.0
723.8
720.8
717.6
714.4
711.2
708.0
704.8
701.6
300
340
370
410
450
490
530
560
600
670
750
830
900
970
1050
1130
1200
1270
1350
1430
370
420
470
520
560
610
660
700
750
840
940
1030
1120
1220
1310
1410
1500
1590
1690
1780
350
390
440
480
520
590
610
660
700
790
880
960
1050
1140
1220
1310
1400
1490
1580
1660
440
490
550
600
660
710
770
820
880
980
1090
1200
1310
1420
1530
1640
1750
1860
1970
2080
630
710
790
870
940
1020
1100
1180
1260
1420
1580
1730
1890
2050
2200
2360
2520
2680
2840
2990
690
780
860
950
1040
1120
1210
1290
1380
1550
1720
1900
2070
2240
2420
2590
2760
2930
3000
3000
780
880
970
1070
1170
1270
1370
1460
1560
1750
1950
2150
2340
2530
2730
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
840
940
1050
1160
1260
1360
1470
1580
1680
1890
2100
2310
2520
2730
2940
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
900
1010
1120
1240
1350
1460
1580
1690
1800
2020
2250
2480
2700
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
980
1100
1220
1340
1460
1580
1710
1830
1950
2190
2440
2680
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1050
1180
1310
1440
1580
1710
1840
1970
2100
2360
2630
2890
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1210
1360
1510
1660
1810
1960
2110
2260
2410
2700
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
127.30
141.10
156.84
172.56
188.24
203.88
219.50
235.09
250.64
281.65
312.54
343.30
373.93
402.54
432.93
463.19
800.2
798.8
797.2
795.6
794.0
792.4
790.8
789.2
787.6
784.4
781.2
778.0
774.8
771.8
768.6
765.4
280
320
350
390
420
460
490
530
560
630
700
770
840
910
980
1060
350
400
440
480
530
570
620
660
700
790
880
970
1050
1140
1230
1320
330
370
410
450
490
530
570
620
660
740
820
900
980
1070
1150
1230
410
460
510
560
620
670
720
770
820
920
1030
1130
1230
1330
1440
1540
590
660
740
810
890
960
1030
1110
1180
1330
1480
1630
1770
1920
2070
2220
650
730
810
890
970
1050
1130
1210
1290
1450
1620
1780
1940
2100
2260
2430
730
820
910
1010
1100
1190
1280
1370
1460
1640
1830
2010
2190
2380
2560
2740
790
890
980
1080
1180
1280
1380
1480
1580
1770
1970
2170
2360
2560
2760
2950
840
950
1050
1160
1270
1370
1480
1580
1690
1900
2110
2320
2530
2740
2950
3000
910
1030
1140
1260
1370
1480
1600
1710
1830
2050
2290
2520
2740
2970
3000
3000
980
1110
1230
1350
1480
1600
1720
1850
1970
2210
2460
2710
2950
3000
3000
3000
1130
1270
1410
1550
1690
1830
1970
2110
2250
2520
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
Wall thickness
OD
inch
mm
Sch. No.
(Class)
32
813.0
34
864.0
10
30
40
36
914.0
10
20
30
40
Unit
Hydrostatic test pressure
weight
ID
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
t
mm
kg/m
mm
A
Std.
Alt.
B
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
25.4
27.0
28.6
30.2
31.8
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
25.4
27.0
28.6
30.2
31.8
6.4
7.1
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
14.3
15.9
17.5
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
25.4
27.0
28.6
30.2
31.8
493.32
523.33
553.22
582.98
612.61
135.35
150.03
166.78
183.50
200.18
216.84
233.46
250.05
266.61
299.64
332.53
365.31
397.95
428.44
460.85
493.12
525.27
557.29
589.19
620.96
652.60
143.24
158.79
176.52
194.22
211.90
229.54
247.15
264.72
282.27
317.27
352.14
386.88
421.50
453.84
488.22
522.47
556.59
590.58
624.45
658.19
691.81
762.2
759.0
755.8
752.6
749.4
851.2
849.8
848.2
846.6
845.0
843.4
841.8
840.2
838.6
835.4
832.2
829.0
825.8
822.8
819.6
816.4
813.2
810.0
806.8
803.6
800.4
901.2
899.8
898.2
896.6
895.0
893.4
891.8
890.2
888.6
885.4
882.2
879.0
875.8
872.8
869.6
866.4
863.2
860.0
856.8
853.6
850.4
1120
1190
1270
1340
1410
260
300
330
360
400
430
460
500
530
600
660
730
790
860
930
990
1060
1120
1190
1260
1320
250
280
310
340
380
410
440
470
500
560
620
690
750
810
880
940
1000
1060
1130
1190
1250
1410
1490
1580
1670
1760
330
370
410
460
500
540
580
620
660
740
830
910
990
1070
1160
1240
1320
1410
1490
1570
1650
310
350
390
430
470
510
550
590
620
700
780
860
940
1020
1090
1170
1250
1330
1410
1480
1560
1310
1390
1480
1560
1640
310
350
390
420
460
500
540
580
620
690
770
850
930
1000
1080
1160
1240
1310
1390
1470
1540
290
330
360
400
440
470
510
550
580
660
730
800
880
950
1020
1090
1170
1240
1310
1390
1460
1640
1740
1850
1950
2050
390
430
480
530
580
630
680
720
770
870
970
1060
1160
1250
1350
1450
1540
1640
1740
1830
1930
360
410
450
500
550
590
640
680
730
820
910
1000
1090
1180
1280
1370
1460
1550
1640
1730
1820
2360
2510
2660
2810
2950
560
620
690
760
830
900
970
1040
1110
1250
1390
1530
1670
1810
1950
2090
2220
2360
2500
2640
2780
520
590
660
720
790
850
920
980
1050
1180
1310
1440
1580
1710
1840
1970
2100
2230
2360
2490
2630
2590
2750
2910
3000
3000
610
680
760
840
910
990
1070
1140
1220
1370
1520
1680
1830
1980
2130
2280
2440
2590
2740
2890
3000
580
650
720
790
860
930
1010
1080
1150
1290
1440
1580
1720
1870
2010
2160
2300
2440
2590
2730
2870
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
690
770
860
950
1030
1120
1210
1290
1380
1550
1720
1890
2060
2240
2410
2580
2750
2920
3000
3000
3000
650
730
810
890
980
1060
1140
1220
1300
1460
1620
1790
1950
2110
2280
2440
2600
2760
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
740
830
920
1020
1110
1200
1300
1390
1480
1670
1850
2040
2220
2410
2590
2780
2960
3000
3000
3000
3000
700
790
870
960
1050
1140
1230
1310
1400
1570
1750
1930
2100
2270
2450
2630
2800
2970
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
790
890
990
1090
1190
1290
1390
1490
1590
1790
1990
2190
2380
2580
2780
2980
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
750
840
940
1030
1120
1220
1310
1410
1500
1690
1880
2060
2250
2440
2620
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
860
970
1070
1180
1290
1400
1510
1610
1720
1930
2150
2370
2580
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
810
910
1010
1120
1220
1320
1420
1520
1620
1820
2030
2240
2440
2640
2840
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
930
1040
1160
1270
1390
1500
1620
1740
1850
2080
2320
2550
2780
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
880
980
1090
1200
1310
1420
1530
1640
1750
1970
2190
2410
2630
2840
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1060
1190
1330
1460
1590
1720
1860
1990
2130
2380
2650
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1000
1120
1250
1380
1500
1620
1750
1880
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
Size
164
167
PIPES
168
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
STEEL SHEET PILES
167
Steel Sheet Piles
PU Steel Sheet Piles
Mechanical properties
PU steel sheet piles can be supplied in grades up to yield strength of 430 N/mm2.
Dimensions and sectional properties
The PU steel sheet piles are available in the following sizes:
d
t
y’
y’
Cy’
2xh
y
y"
y
y"
Cy”
f
2xb
Figure 11 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions
PU 6
per pile
pan
of
pan web
Cy’
Cy”
per pile
per pile
per pile
per pile
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Mm
kg/m
113
600
330
7.5
6.4
68.9
23.0
45.3
75.0
54.5
69.5
91.0
65.9
110
140
600
317
8.0
8.0
81.5
27.2
180
600
257
9.8
9.0
100.4
33.5
190
600
303
12.0
9.0
115.8
38.6
200
600
365
12.4
9.7
125.3
41.8
per m wall
PU 25
per pile
226
600
339
14.2 10.0 142.1
47.4
per m wall
PU 32
per pile
per m wall
Zy
mm
per m wall
PU 20
gyration
A
f
per m wall
PU 16
Radius of
Modulus
b
per m wall
PU 12
Moment
Of Inertia
area
h
per m wall
PU 8
Mass Section Section
per m
226
600
341
19.5 11.0 148.6
49.5
2
cm
Iy
3
Iz
4
r
4
cm
cm
cm
cm
57.7
146
1,290
23,900
4.73
96.0
600
6,720
-
8.36
232
2,360
30,062
5.82
116.0
830
11,610
-
10.02
84.0
366
4,450
34,937
7.28
140.0
1,200
21,550
-
12.41
74.7
95.2
405
5,560
38,037
7.64
124
159.0
1600
30,520
-
13.87
84.7
107.9
480
7,080
46,021
8.1
141
180.0
2000
39,970
-
14.92
94.1
119.9
588
9,670
49,089
8.98
157
200.0
2,500
56,500
-
16.81
114.6
146.0
645
11,100
55,134
8.72
191
243.0
3,200
72,260
-
17.23
STEEL SHEET PILES
Flat of Thickness
Section
Table 30 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes
The PU sheet piles can be delivered in material according to British BS-standards,
American ASTM-standards, Euronorms, and Japanese JIS-standards.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
169
168
STEEL SHEET PILES
Interlocking options
Section
PU 6
PU 8
PU 12
PU 16
PU 20
PU 25
PU 32
PU 6
PU 8
PU 12
PU 16
PU 20
Interlocking possible
PU 25
PU 32
On request (require in advance indicating length of piles)
Table 31 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options
Dimensional tolerances
Width
Thickness of Pan
single pile interlocked e8mm 8<e12
piles
± 2%
Notes:
± 3%
±0.5mm ±0.6mm
Weight
12<e 18
e>18mm
1)
±0.8mm
±1.2mm
± 4%
Length
Squareness
of ends
± 200mm
2)
10mm
Straightness
3)
0.2%
1) Of total mass of the complete order.
2) Of the distance between 2 points of the cross-section.
3) Maximum deflection on the length of the pile.
Table 32 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances
The maximum length for this U-type pile is usually between 25 to 31 metres, but longer
lengths can be supplied.
Handling holes and double piles
The piles can on request be delivered with flame cut handling holes, 50mm diameter,
located in the centre of the pan at 200-250 mm from the end.
Piles can also be fastened together to form double piles by pressing or welding the
interlocks. Two to six pressing points per meter can be applied according to design
requirements. A minimum shear force of 80 kN per one crimping point is admitted.
STEEL SHEET PILES
170
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
STEEL SHEET PILES
171
KSP Steel Sheet Piles
Mechanical properties
KSP steel sheet piles are manufactured according to JIS 5528 “Hot Rolled Steel Sheet
Piles” (1988).
Designation
Min. Yield
Min. Tensile
JIS A 5528
Strength R eH
Strength R m
Steel Name
N/mm
N/mm
%
SY295
295
490
17
SY390
390
540
15
2
Min. Elongation
2
Table 33 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Mechanical properties
Dimensions and sectional properties
The KSP steel sheet piles are available in the sizes shown in Table 35 under. Note the
three new sizes KSP IIW, KSP IIIW and KSP IVW, which are extra wide sections.
Coupling
Thickness
Effective height
Full height
Coupling
Effective width
Full width
Figure 12 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions
Dimensions
Section
width
height
thickness
w
h
t
A
mm
mm
mm
cm
Unit weight
Moment of
Area
2
Modulus of
Inertia
A/m
M
M/m
cm /m
2
kg/m
kg/m
2
I
section
I/m
Zy
4
cm
cm /m
529
cm
4
cm /m
Zy/m
3
3
KSP IA
400
85
8.0
45.21
113.0
35.5
88.8
598
4,500
88
KSP II
400
100
10.5
61.18
153.0
48.0
120
1,240
8,740
152
874
KSP IIA
400
120
9.2
55.01
137.5
43.2
108
1,450
10,600
162
880
KSP III
400
130
13.0
76.42
191.0
60.0
150
2,320
17,400
232
1,340
KSP IIIA
400
150
13.1
74.40
186.0
58.4
146
2,840
22,800
253
1,520
KSP IV
400
170
15.5
96.99
242.5
76.1
190
4,670
38,600
362
2,270
KSP IV A
400
185
16.1
94.21
235.5
74.0
185
5,300
41,600
400
2,250
KSP V L
500
200
24.3
133.8
267.6
105
210
7,960
63,000
520
3,150
KSP VIL
500
225
27.6
153.0
306.0
120
240
11,400
86,000
680
3,820
KSP IIW
600
130
10.3
78.70
131.2
61.8
103
2,110
13,000
203
1,000
KSP IIIW
600
180
13.4
103.9
173.2
81.6
136
5,220
32,400
376
1,800
KSP IV W
600
210
18.0
135.3
225.5
106
177
8,630
56,700
539
2,700
Note:
STEEL SHEET PILES
Section
The sizes are also available in FSP sheet piles.
Sectional properties given per single pile, and per linear metre wall.
Table 34 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes and properties
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
171
STEEL SHEET PILES
172
Interlocking options
The sections can be interlocked with each other as shown in Table 36.
Section
KSP IA
KSP
II
KSP IA
KSP II
KSP IIA
KSP
IIA
KSP
III
KSP III
KSP IIIA
KSP IV
KSP
IIIA
KSP IV A
KSP
IV
KSP
IV A
KSP V L
KSP
VL
KSP IIW
KSP IV W
KSP
IIW
KSP
IIIW
KSP VIL
KSP IIIW
KSP
VIL
KSP
IVW
Table 35
33 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options
The sheet piles can also be welded together to form box piles, as shown in section
“Other section types” under the chapter “Steel sheet piles according to EN
10248:1996”.
Dimensional tolerances
Full width
Traditional
Single pile
W x ± 1%
Full
Length
height
± 4%
Notes:
Effective width
Wider width
Single pile
Traditional
Single pile
Wider width
Single pile
Thickness of Section
<10mm
10mm
<16mm
16mm
+ 6mm
Per meter wall width:
+ 1.0mm
+ 1.2mm
+ 1.5mm
- 5mm
Max 4mm deviation.
- 0.3mm
- 0.3mm
- 0.3mm
Deflection
Camber of full length
of full length
- 0mm
Difference in
vertically
L10m
L>10m
L10m
L>10m
cut sections
L x 0.12%
L x 0.10%
L x 0.25%
max.
L x 0.20%
Within 4% of width
+ 25mm max.
The deflection shall be in the direction parallel to the sheet pile wall and the camber shall be in
the direction vertical to the sheet pile wall.
Table 36 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances
STEEL SHEET PILES
Recommended maximum lengths for driving
The recommended driving length for KSP steel sheet piles is maximum 30metres.
172
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
STEEL SHEET PILES
173
KSP Straight Web Sections
Mechanical properties
KSP straight web sections are manufactured according to JIS 5528 “Hot Rolled Steel
Sheet Piles” (1988).
Designation
Min. Yield
Min. Tensile
JIS A 5528
Strength R eH
Strength R m
Steel Name
N/mm
N/mm
%
SY295
295
490
17
SY390
390
540
15
2
Min. Elongation
2
Table 37
38 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Mechanical properties
Dimensions and sectional properties
The KSP straight web sections are available in the following sizes:
Thickness
Coupling
Effective height
Effective width
Full width
Figure 13 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensions
Section
Dimensions
Section
Unit weight
area
width
height
thickness
Per pile
mm
mm
mm
KSP FL
500
44.5
KSP FXL
500
47.0
Moment of Inertia
Per wall
Per pile
width
cm
kg/m
kg/m
9.5
78.57
61.7
12.7
98.36
77.2
2
Modulus of section
Per wall
Per pile
2
4
Per wall
width
Per pile
3
width
cm
cm /m
4
cm
3
123
184
396
45.7
89
154
245
570
60.3
121
cm /m
Standard
Section
Interlocking strength
specification
size
MN/m
JIS A 5528
KSP FL
4
SY295
KSP FXL
6
STEEL SHEET PILES
Table 38 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Section sizes and properties
Table 39 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Interlocking strength
The two sections can be interlocked with each other.
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STEEL SHEET PILES
174
Dimensional tolerances
Full width
Full
Single
height
<10mm
Thickness of Section
10mm
-
+ 1.5mm
+ 1.5mm
- 0.7mm
- 0.7mm
pile
Length
16mm
<16mm
± 4mm
Deflection
-
+ not specified
- 0 mm
Camber of full length
of full length
Difference in
vertically
L10m
L>10m
L10m
L>10m
cut sections
L x 0.15%
max.
(L-10m) x 0.10%
L x 0.20%
max.
(L-10m) x 0.10%
Within 4% of width
Notes:
+ 15mm max.
+ 20mm max.
The deflection shall be in the direction parallel to the sheet pile wall and the
camber shall be in the direction vertical to the sheet pile wall.
Table 40 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensional tolerances
STEEL SHEET PILES
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Continental Steel Pte Ltd
GRATINGS
175
Gratings
General
• Process
Steel gratings are manufactured
using a simultaneous application of
heat and pressure on the load bar
and cross bar at their intersection
points, welding them together.
• Applications
Stairways, walkways, catwalks, pedestrian
ramp, machine access platform, etc.
Sizes
Panel Size
Serial Size
Mass
ft
inch
kg/m
3’ x 20’
Pitch
2
1’’ x 3/16’’
28.4
11/4’’x 3/16’’
35.4
11/2’’ x 3/16’’
43.2
2’’ x 3/16’’
53
Type
mm
twisted / straight
40 x 100
cross / round bar
Table 41 – Gratings: Sizes
STEEL SHEET PILES
Cross Bars
40
(pitch)
Width
Bearing Bars
100
(pitch)
Length
Figure 14 – Gratings: Dimensions
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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STEEL SHEET PILES
176
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
APPENDIX
177
APPENDIX
Appendix
Conversion factors
Note:
The small sub numerals following a zero indicate that the zero is to be repeated that number of
times, thus 0.034 = 0.0004.
Linear measure
Millimetre
Centimetre
Metre
Inch
Foot
Yard
mm
cm
m
in
ft
yd
Millimetre (mm)
1
Centimetre (cm)
Metre (m)
0.1
10
1
1000
100
0.001
0.03937
0.01
0.3937
1
39.37
Inch (in)
25.4
2.54
0.0254
1
Foot (ft)
304.8
30.48
0.3048
12
Yard (yd)
914.4
Mile (mi)
91.44
1,609,347
Square measure
0.9144
160,935
1,609.35
0.0833
0.02778
0.041578
1
0.3333
0.031894
36
3
1
63,360
5,280
1,760
0.035682
1
Square
Square
Square
Square
Square
Square
centimetre
metre
inch
foot
yard
miles
2
2
cm
m
in
2
2
2
ft
yd
mi
2
1
0.01
0.051
0.00155
0.0410764
0.05119599
1
0.0001
0.154999
0.0010764
0.03119599
0.010386
1,000,000
10,000
1.19599
0.06386
0.09249
2
2
Square inch (in )
645.16
2
Square foot (ft )
2
Square yard (yd )
2
Square miles (mi )
1
6.452
1,549.99
0.006944
0.037616
929
0.0929
144
1
0.11111
0.073587
836,127
8,361
0.8361
1,296
9
1
0.063229
12
9
0.036452
10.7639
1
0.012386
92,903
2.59*10
Cubic measure
6
25.9*10
2.59*10
4.014*10
9
27.878*10
6
3.098*10
Cubic
Cubic
Cubic
Cubic
Cubic
centimetre
metre
inch
foot
yard
3
3
m
cm
3
Cubic centimetre (cm )
1
1,000,000
3
Cubic inch (in )
16.39
28,317
3
0.056214
0.036214
100
Square metre (m )
Cubic yard (yd )
0.01093
1.0936
2
Square centimetre (cm )
Cubic foot (ft )
0.03280
3.28083
2
Square millimetre (mm )
3
0.066214
Square
2
3
mi
0.00109
millimetre
mm
Cubic metre (m )
0.00328
Mile
764,500
in
0.051
3
0.06102
1
61,023
3
0.043531
0.041639
1
0.028317
1,728
1
46,660
27
0.7645
1
3
ft
35.31
6
yd
0.051308
1.308
0.035787
0.042143
0.03704
1
Weight measure
Kilogram (kg)
Pound (lb)
Net ton (nt)
Kilogram
Pound
Net ton
Gross ton
kg
lb
nt
gt
1
0.45359
907.185
2.20462
1
2,000
0.001102
0.039842
Metric ton
t
0.001
0.0005
0.034464
0.034536
1
0.89286
0.90719
Gross ton (gt)
1,016.05
2,240
1.12
1
1.01605
Metric ton (t)
1,000
2,204.62
1.10231
0.98421
1
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APPENDIX
178
APPENDIX
Gram per
Kilogram per
Pound per
Pound per
centimetre
metre
inch
foot
yard
g/cm
kg/m
lb/in
lb/ft
lb/yd
Weight per linear unit
Gram per centimetre (g/cm)
1
Kilogram per metre (kg/m)
10
Pound per inch (lb/in)
178.579
Pound per foot (lb/ft)
14.8816
Pound per yard (lb/yd)
Weight per unit area
0.1
0.0056
0.0672
0.20165
1
0.056
0.67197
2.0165
17.8579
4.96054
12
36
1.48816
1
0.08333
1
3
0.49605
0.02778
0.3333
1
Kilogram per
Kilogram per
Metric ton per
Pound per
Pound per
square
centimetre
square metre
square metre
square inch
square foot
2
kg/cm
Kilogram per square centimetre
2
(kg/cm )
kg/m
1
2
Kilogram per square metre (kg/m )
Metric ton per square metre (t/m )
2
Pound per square foot (lb/ft )
703.02232
0.000487
Weight per unit volume
4.8717976
3
Metric ton per cubic metre (t/m )
3
Pound per cubic inch (lb/in )
Tension, pressure
Kilopounds per square inch (ksi)
178
2047.58498
0.001
0.0014219
1
1.42195
204.75849
0.204758
0.7030
1
144
0.004872
0.006944
1
Metric ton per
Pound per
Pound per
cubic metre
cubic metre
cubic inch
cubic foot
kg/m
1
0.001
1,000
t/m
lb/in
3
62,419
0.0436117
1
0.0361175
0.062419
62.41857
1
0.01602
1,728.011
0.0005787
1
Atmospheric
Atmospheric
/square inch
square foot
square inch
pressure
pressure
ksi
psf
psi
bar
atm
1
1,441,379.3
1
Pounds per
3
lb/ft
36.1193
0.001
27.6804
16.0196
Pounds per
3
1,000
27,680.4
0.0416
Kilopounds
3
1,000,000
0.051
0.02768
3
Pound per cubic foot (lb/ft )
14.21945
2
lb/ft
Kilogram per
1
3
Kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m )
2
cubic
centimetre
3
Kilogram per cubic centimetre (kg/cm )
lb/in
Kilogram per
kg/cm
3
2
10
1,000
0.0703022
2
t/m
1
0.1
Pound per square inch (lb/in )
2
10,000
0.0001
2
Pound per
1,000
68.96
68.062
Pressure
(MPa)
6.896
Pounds per square foot (psf)
0.07694
0.000694
0.0004788
0.000473
0.04479
Pounds per square inch (psi)
0.001
1,441.38
1
0.06896
0.0681
0.006896
Atmospheric pressure (bar)
0.0145
2,088.5
14.5
1
0.987
0.10
Atmospheric pressure (atm)
0.0147
2,116.22
14.69
1.0133
1
0.10133
Pressure (MPa)
0.145
9.869
1
20,886
145
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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