IMPACT OF TIKTOK TOWARDS THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES OF THE GRADE 12 STUDENTS IN IBN SIENA INTEGRATED SCHOOL FOUNDATION S.Y. 2020 - 2021 A Research Paper Presented to Ibn Siena Integrated School Foundation Biyaba, Marawi City In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course Practical Research 2 – Quantitative First Semester, S.Y. 2020 – 2021 Presented by: Abdulsalam, Resaliah A. Amanodin, Jaifarah A. Bala, Settie Nehaya G. Bashier, Haula G. Said, Hafidahcamar M. JANUARY 2021 Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents the related literature which has established a more concrete ground as to why this research was undertaken. This chapter will discuss the importance of TikTok (in sharing information and knowledge, and providing entertainment), influence of social media, and impacts of social media (in social interaction, behavior and academic performance) by reviewing some of the numerous works done by scholars and researchers which are directly related to this research work. 2.1. Importance of TikTok Social media has been part of everyone’s life after the rapid improvement of technology. People all over the world have been enjoying the benefits of using technology nowadays. 2.1.1. Sharing Information and Knowledge Information and communication technology has changed rapidly over the past 20 years, with a key development being the emergence of social media. In the past, communicating and free sharing of thought between people are restricted by long distance, race, and even religion. But now these barriers can no longer stop the flow of information and knowledge because now the new world of social networking allows free sharing of thoughts through online social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and the like (Asrodello, 2016). Different kinds of smart phone applications appeared with better service for content transmission so as to achieve complete and efficient communication (Jiang, 2016). TikTok is a better practice of this feature, making great efforts in terms of content, and emphasizing the originality of content and the participation of content (Yi, 2017). The contents of TikTok come from every aspect of life and different contents bring different experiences to users. Meng (2016) summarized the main content type of majority of short video apps. He divided content types into three categories, and one of its category is the education, that means teach the users how to move up, speak languages, and cook; for example, some cooking short video can teach users to cook and then apply these cooking skills to their daily life (Jia, 2017). Ling (2016) mentioned that education short video is meaningful to help users improve basic life skills. Following different studying demands of users, education short video covers many aspects of life. It adopted a relatively easy way to teach users and increase users’ capability in a short time. Education short video should be encouraged and promoted in short video apps. In conclusion, TikTok application can be a useful tool for the students in obtaining information, learn new and useful things that they could apply in their daily life, and identify people whom they share the same interest with. 2.1.2. Providing Entertainment Among the main reasons why young adult students use social media is to entertain themselves for stress relieving. TikTok is one of the leading and fastest growing social media platform that gain popularity over a short period of time, and that is because of its uniqueness. TikTok application requires less amount of time to create a video, 15 seconds which is an advantage for the users as this factor fit into the user’s rapid lifestyle which makes it totally different from other competing apps. This unique design of TikTok is a plus for the product and to support its development and growth. The first ever short video app to use big data analysis is TikTok (Hou Liqian, 2018). According to Kevin Munger (2020), if you spend a few hours on TikTok, you’ll see how this works. Other media begins to feel “slow,” even formerly compelling products like a YouTube video or Twitter feed. Younger people tend to love intensity, loud music, bright lights, and it’s no surprise people find TikTok compelling. Garnett (2016) stated music is an embodiment of people's spiritual pursuit since ancient times. Various forms of music can give people different experiences and help people relax their bodies and relieve stress. Young people living today are more likely to use music to regulate their emotions. Moreover, through funny and interesting short video sharing, users can feel relaxed and get a good viewing experience (Wang, 2017). According to Zhi (2018), when life speeds up, many people have to be under the tremendous pressure from life and work. Hence, these entertainments short videos help them relieve stress and make them get positive to life. For example, some positive funny short video, although on the surface it is funny, but actually it transfers positive energy. Hui (2017), however, talked about the disadvantages of the entertainment of short video. With the appearance of more and more short video apps, in order to attract more users, many vulgar parody videos increased rapidly. Teenagers become addicted to video, and follow suit. The wrong concept of life is transmitted, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of teenagers. In conclusion, TikTok is a good tool for entertainment and sharing information and knowledge, the uniqueness of this application is what makes it more popular than the others. However, just like any other social media platform, it does not provide only good impacts to the users for it also contains some videos that are not appropriate for the teenagers to watch. 2.2. Influence of Social Media Social networking sites have completely changed the way that adolescents interact and gather information (Bonds Raacke & Raacke, 2008). Teenagers have become accustomed to this lifestyle much more than older generations have in recent years, as this way of living is all they know (Lewis, 2008). Teenagers now use the social media for the majority of their daily activities and information gathering, as opposed to older generations who used resources like the television or newspaper (Lewis, 2008). Teenagers use the Internet to make plans and socialize with friends. As one researcher stated, “Teens use the social media as an extension of their personality, to show their friends – and the world – who they are, what they care about, and to build connections with other like-minded people” (Goodman, 2007, 84). In the article by Digital Marketing Philippines, from the 40 million Filipino active social media users, 65% of them are teenagers and young adults, and 81% of them access their accounts daily (Gregorio, 2013). And as of January 2020, the Philippines has one of the highest numbers of social network users across Southeast Asia, with a social media penetration rate of approximately 67 (Sanchez, 2020). Mostly the students cannot even imagine a day without posting on social media or chatting with friends by using social media platforms. Research shows that the students spend 12 hours maximum on using social media (Adil, 2020). Since students are highly motivated to using social media sites the majority of them use these to satisfy their social needs more than their academic needs (Astodello, 2016). According to Walsh (2013), students who spent the most time using social media had fewer academic behaviors, such as completing homework and attending class, lower academic confidence and more problems affecting their school work, like lack of sleep and substance use. In conclusion, most of the netizens who are highly influenced by social media are the young adults or teenagers. They use social media as part of their daily lives, they spend their time more being active online than going outdoors and prefer to have a virtual interaction with their friends than meeting them in actual way. 2.3. Impact of Social Media Being exposed in social media has an immense impact on the young adolescence or teenagers (Khurana, 2015). 2.3.1. Social Interaction and behavior Abelardo Pardo believes that technology offers a platform for innovation, and allows its users to express their opinions about how they feel towards the information being published. He adds that, social media is also a platform that allows students to interact with one another, with their teachers and communities that share their same education. Pardo also states that these types of interaction are “an essential part of how humans learn.” (Pardo, 2013, p. 45) According to Gwenn Schurgin O’Keeffe and Kathleen Clarke-Pearson, there are negative impacts caused by social media, it includes accessing inappropriate content and not “understanding online privacy”, and also online harassment and cyberbullying, which are mostly caused by risks of peer to peer engagement (O’Keeffe and Clarke-Pearson, 2011). While Dr. Patient Rambe states that social media gives different drawbacks and opportunities that distinctively enable and disable possibilities of having faceto-face interaction, as it liberates them from this obligation to the availability of everything online. He also adds that Facebook as a learning environment has given the opportunity to have multiple representations of students voices and has created an “educative and aesthetic space.” Taking into consideration the opposing side, Facebook’s learning environment has caused limitations of individuals to realise their “self-interests” (Rambe, 2011). Sanzhar Naizabekov concluded that social media causes procrastination as a result of its distracting nature. It would take an individual who uses social media much more time than it would take a focused individual to finish a task. Through procrastination emerges the second negative impact, which is lack of motivation, because using social media with studying develops negative attitude towards their individual work at school (Naizabekov, 2012). While it is not furtive that the internet service in the country is far from excellent, Filipinos are still fond of taking things so social media. There’s no denying it, we Filipinos are social. Social interactions are a basic part of our daily lives and it is not at all surprising that it is extended into our social media handles (Pascual, 2019). 2.3.2. Academic Performance The most important things in a student’s life are studying, learning good habits and gaining knowledge to become a person with moral character. Quality education produces productive students who lead to the prosperity of their respective educational institution and subsequently are proved as strong contributors to the national well-being (Ahmed and Qazi, 2011). Tuckman (1975) defined performance as the apparent demonstration of understanding, concepts, skills, ideas and knowledge of a person and proposed that grades clearly depict the performance of a student. Hence, their academic performance must be managed efficiently keeping in view all the factors that can positively or negatively affect their educational performance. Use of technology such as internet is one of the most important factors that can influence educational performance of students positively or adversely. Shah et al. (2001) proposed that student users are affected by the internet and this impact is determined by the type of internet usage. They are positively affected by the informative use of internet while having drastic impact of recreational use of internet on them. As social media have a positive impact on student’s academics, it also have negative impacts. Students neglect their studies by spending time on social networking websites rather than studying or interacting with people in person. Actively and frequently participating in social networking can negatively affect their grades or hamper their journeys to their future careers (Karadkar, 2015). Social media has actually created a lax attitude for using proper spelling as well as grammar. In fact, the students are unable to write effectively without the aid of the spell check feature of a computer (Armstrong, 2012). Khan (2009) found that Facebook users had poor performance in exams. Englander et al. (2010) proclaimed that internet usage is negatively associated with academic performance of student users and destructive impact of internet usage is far more momentous than its advantages. Internet addiction has come forth as a result of striking boost in internet usage over the past few decades. Nalwa and Anand (2003) proposed that addicted users prefer using internet setting back their personal and professional responsibilities and this ultimately leads to poor academic performance. Karpinski (2009) said that among various unique distractions of every generation, Facebook has been proved as the major distraction of current generation. Kubey, Lavin and Barrows (2001) proposed that impairment of academic performance and internet dependency are correlated with the use of synchronous communication applications including social networking sites and chat rooms. In ‘The Effects Of Social Networking Sites On Students’ Academic Performance In Lyceum Of The Philippines – Laguna’ by Isaac M. Morallo, Master of Arts in Information Technology Education, it was found out that a small relationship between SNSs and academic performance. The perceived effects of SNSs on the students’ academic performance show that SNSs contribute to the attainment of higher grade by interacting online about school work. The results show that there is no significant relationship between SNSs usage and student academic performance because correlation coefficients show a negative relationship between SNSs use and academic performance because correlation coefficients show a negative relationship between SNSs use and academic performance. (Morallo, 2014, p. 26) In another study conducted by Remedios C. Kulidtod of the University of Southern Mindanao, it was found out that the exposure of the Institute of Middle East and Asian Studies (IMEAS) students to the social networking media positively affected their academic performance. In contrast, there is also this very disturbing finding of the study which disclosed that the students of IMEAS, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato used the social networking media almost daily since majority of them answered to have used said form of media 5-6 days a week at an average of about 1-2 hours every session. With this data, it is recommended that the USM must regulate the proper time usage by the students of social networking media on the campus in order not to destruct with their classroom activities. (Kulidtod, 2017, p. 59) It can be concluded that social media both brought positive and negative impact to the Filipino youth. It has offered connectivity between peers, enhanced team collaboration, provided platform for art and inspiration, and delivered information effortlessly. On the other hand, when social media is abused or not used in a critical way, it influences the end users negatively. It threatens one's self-concept and identity, relationships, logical understanding and even intelligence. For that reason, it is important to educate the young on having the essential skills to effectively engage with social media (i.e., media and information literacy) (“Effects of Media to the Filipino Youth,” n.d.) Reference Lists Adil, M. (2020). REASONS WHY SOCIAL MEDIA IS BAD FOR STUDENTS IN EDUCATION. Retrieved from https://adilblogger.com/reasons-social-media-badstudents-education/ Ahmed and Qazi (2011). A look out for academic impacts of Social networking sites (SNSs): A student based perspective: African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5(12), pp. 5022-5031 Armstrong, S. (2012). Negative Effects of Social Networking Sites for Students. Retrieved from https://www.business2community.com/social-media/negative-effects-ofsocial-networking-sites-for-students-0311887 Astodello, R. (2016). Impact of social media to student’s lives, academic performance. Retrieved from Bonds-Raacke, J. and Raacke, J. 2008. MySpace and facebook: Applying the uses and gratifications theory to exploring friend-networking sites. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 11, 169-174. Effects of Media to the Filipino Youth. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.coursehero.com/tutors-problems/Writing/20187102-I-wrote-anessay-about-the-effects-of-media-to-the-Filipino-youth-and/ Englander F, Terregrossa RA, Wang Z (2010). Educational Review, 62(1): 85 -96. Garnett, C. (2016). Evaluating the effectiveness of a smartphone app to reduce excessive alcohol consumption: protocol for a factorial randomized control trial. BMC Public Health, 16 (02), 1 – 10. Goodman, J. (2007) Click first, ask questions later: Understanding teen online behavior. Australasian Public Libraries and Information Services, 20(2), 84-85. Retrieved From: http://www.search.informit.com.au Gregorio, J. (2013). Top 10 Digital Marketing Trends to Watch Out This 2014. Retrieved from https://digitalmarketingphilippines.com/author/jomergregorio/%3Famp&ved=2ahU KEwimkefZy5HuAhVYBogKHYSABG0QFjAAegQIBRAC&usg=AOvVaw00KlSNj8i3lQPKxUvd5Bg&ampcf=1 Hou Liqian (2018). Study on the perceived popularity of TikTok. Retrieved from http://dspace.bu.ac.th/jspui/handle/123456789/3649 https://www-baguioheraldexpressonlinecom.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.baguioheraldexpressonline.com/impact-ofsocial-media-to-students-lives-academicperformance/?amp_js_v=a6&_gsa=1&&usqp=mq331AQHKAFQArABIA%3D%3 D#aoh=16086190754431&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&_tf=Fro m%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baguioheraldexpressonlin e.com%2Fimpact-of-social-media-to-students-lives-academic-performance%2F Hui, P. (2017). Study the transmission of teachers' tacit knowledge based on SMCR mode. Teacher development BBS, 17 (01), 67 – 79. Jiang, Y. (2016). Research on mobile music APP interface design based on simple style. Shanghai People's Publishing House,16 (12), 76 – 98. Karadkar, A. (2015). The impact of social media on student life. Retrieved from http://www.technicianonline.com/opinion/article_d1142b70-5a92-11e5-86b4cb7c98a6e45f.html Karpinski AC (2009). A description of Facebook use and academic performance among undergraduate and graduate students. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, Calif. Khan U (2009). Facebook students underachieve in exams. Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on October, 2010, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/5145243/Facebookstudents-underachieve-in-exams.html. Khurana, A. (2015). The Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Youth. Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.com Kubey RW, Lavin MJ, Barrows JR (2001). Internet use and collegiate academic performance decrements: Early findings. J. Commun., 51(2): 366-382. Kulidtod, R. (2017). Effects of Social Networking Media To The Academic Performance Of The Students. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org Lewis, S. (2008). Where young adults intend to get news in five years. Newspaper Research Journal, 29(4), 36-5, Retrieved from: http://findarticles.com/p/ articles/mi_qa3677/ is_200810/ ai_n39229321/ Ling, C. (2018). Study on the communication dependence of Tik Tok. The Chinese Newspaper Press, 18 (02), 45 – 46. Meng, X. (2016). Development status and reflection of short video APP in new media environment. People’s Daily Press,12 (01), 53 – 54. Morallo, I. (2014). The Effects of Social Networking Sites On Students’ Academic Performance In Lyceum Of The Philippines – Laguna. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org Munger, K. (2020). Why Kids Are So Obsessed With Tiktok According To a Social Media Expert. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/90545665/why-kids-are-soobsessed-with-tiktok-according-to-a-social-media-expert Naizabekov, S. (2012).Negative Impact of Social Networking Sites on Academic Performance of Students. Academia.edu Nalwa K, Anand AP (2003). CyberPsychology doi:10.1089/109493103322725441. 6(6): 653-656. Behavior. O'Keeffe and Clarke-Pearson (2011). The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families.127 (4) 800-804; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0054 Pardo, A. (2013). Social learning graphs: combining social network graphs and analytics to represent learning experiences. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263526718_Social_learning_graphs_co mbining_social_network_graphs_and_analytics_to_represent_learning_experien ces Pascual, B. (2019). The Implications Of Social Media In The Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.sagisag.com/article/642/technology/the-implications-of-social-mediain-the-philippines Rambe, P.(2011). Exploring the Impacts of Social Networking Sites on Academic Relations in the University. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research10(1):271-293. DOI: 10.28945/1512 Sanchez, M. (2020). Social media usage in the Philippines - statistics & facts. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/topics/6759/social-media-usage-in-the-philippines/ Shah DV, Kwak N, Holbert RL (2001). „Connecting‟ and „disconnecting‟with civic life: Patterns of Internet use and the production of social capital. Polit. Commun., 18: 141-162. Tuckman HP (1975). Teacher Effectiveness and Student Performance. J. Econ. Educ., 7(1): 34-39. Walsh, S. (2013). Conversation as http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com Space for Learning. Retrieved from Wang, L. (2017). China mobile phone applications’ statistic of 2017. Retrieved from http://www.cssn.cn/ Yi, M. (2017). Content analysis based on user comments in music class application social functions. Xinhua Press,17 (01), 5 - 15. Zhi, N. (2018). Tik Tok opens the second half commercial realization test of national entertainment era short video. High Education Press, 18 (11), 45-65.
