2
1
2
What is a correct way of naming an organism using the binomial system?
A
Common buttercup
B
ranunculus acris
C
Ranunculus acris
D
Ranunculus sp.
The diagram shows a leaf.
Use the key to identify the plant to which the leaf belongs.
leaves
leaf in
one piece
© UCLES 2016
leaf in more than
one piece
leaf edge
smooth
leaf edge
jagged
leaf edge
smooth
leaf edge
jagged
Fagus
sylvatica
Ulmus
minor
Fraxinus
americana
Sorbus
aucuparia
A
B
C
0610/22/F/M/16
D
2
1
The drawing shows a ground squirrel.
Which feature identifies this animal as a mammal?
2
A
eye
B
four limbs
C
fur
D
tail
The diagram shows how a seed changes after it is planted in soil and watered.
Which characteristics of living things are demonstrated by this sequence?
A
excretion and growth
B
growth and sensitivity
C
nutrition and reproduction
D
nutrition and sensitivity
© UCLES 2017
0610/22/F/M/17
3
3
The diagram shows part of the classification of the animal kingdom with an example of each
group.
animals
without backbones
(invertebrates)
with backbones
(vertebrates)
arthropods
crustaceans myriapods
crab
centipede
fish
carp
amphibians
frog
reptiles
lizard
birds
parrot
mammals
rat
insects arachnids
flea
spider
Which pair of animals have the most recent common ancestor as suggested by the classification?
A
centipede and carp
B
flea and frog
C
lizard and parrot
D
spider and rat
© UCLES 2017
0610/22/F/M/17
[Turn over
2
1
Biology is the study of living things.
Which characteristic applies to all forms of life?
2
A
able to move from place to place
B
able to reproduce
C
carry out photosynthesis
D
possess a nervous system
Two animals have an identical sequence of amino acids in one of the proteins found in their cells.
What does this indicate about these animals?
3
A
They have been eating the same types of food.
B
They have not been exposed to substances that cause mutation.
C
They must be members of the same genus.
D
They share a recent ancestor.
The diagram shows part of a flowering plant.
Using the key, identify this plant.
1
three petals ................................................. go to 2
more than three petals ............................... go to 3
2
leaves longer than they are wide ................ A
leaves wider than they are long .................. B
3
leaves parallel-veined ................................. C
leaves not parallel-veined ........................... D
© UCLES 2018
0610/22/F/M/18
2
1
A living organism, X, can make its own food, get rid of toxic materials and detect and respond to
stimuli.
What other four processes must organism X carry out to stay alive?
2
3
A
excretion, growth, movement, sensitivity
B
excretion, growth, nutrition, respiration
C
growth, movement, reproduction, respiration
D
movement, reproduction, respiration, sensitivity
What is a correct way of naming a species using the binomial system?
A
Homo sapiens
B
Homo Sapiens
C
human being
D
sapiens
Each of the diagrams shows an area of cytoplasm.
Which is from a prokaryote?
A
© UCLES 2019
B
C
0610/22/F/M/19
D
2
1
2
Which characteristic do all living organisms show?
A
breathing
B
excretion
C
photosynthesis
D
tropism
Using the binomial naming system, the Arctic fox is called Vulpes lagopus.
Which row is correct?
3
Vulpes
lagopus
A
genus
kingdom
B
genus
species
C
species
genus
D
species
kingdom
What is a characteristic of both insects and arachnids?
A
eight legs
B
exoskeleton
C
three pairs of legs
D
wings
© UCLES 2020
0610/22/F/M/20
2
1
Woodlice are small organisms that live in damp places.
In an experiment, three live woodlice are put into a glass container. The diagram shows what
happens after 30 minutes.
woodlice placed
in hole here
damp
dry
gauze
chemical to
absorb water
water
Which characteristic of living organisms is shown by this experiment?
2
3
A
growth
B
nutrition
C
respiration
D
sensitivity
Which species can breed with Prunella vulgaris to produce fertile offspring?
Prunella modularis
Vespula vulgaris
A
key
B
= yes
C
= no
D
What is the correct order of arthropod groups, from those with the most legs to those with the
fewest legs?
A
arachnids  crustaceans  insects  myriapods
B
arachnids  insects  myriapods  crustaceans
C
myriapods  crustaceans  arachnids  insects
D
myriapods  insects  arachnids  crustaceans
© UCLES 2021
0610/22/F/M/21
2
1
Some yeast, sugar and water are mixed in a test-tube. The diagrams show the test-tube at the
start and after one hour.
bubbles
of gas
yeast, sugar
and water
at start
after one hour
Which process causes this change?
2
3
A
growth
B
reproduction
C
respiration
D
sensitivity
Which name is given to a group of individuals that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring?
A
a genus
B
a kingdom
C
a species
D
an organ system
Use the key to identify the animal shown in the diagram.
has jointed legs
three pairs
of legs
© UCLES 2016
more than three
pairs of legs
has tail
no tail
four pairs
of legs
more than four
pairs of legs
A
Hexagenia
B
Dytiscus
C
Argyroneta
D
Asellus
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2
Which diagram shows a flower from a monocotyledon?
A
2
B
C
D
During the process of nutrition, all organisms need to absorb mineral ions and water from their
environment.
Which other substances do plants and animals need to absorb during this process?
1
plants
animals
A
carbon dioxide
inorganic compounds
B
carbon dioxide
organic compounds
C
oxygen
inorganic compounds
D
oxygen
organic compounds
Which characteristic do all living organisms show?
A
breathing
B
excretion
C
photosynthesis
D
tropism
2
1
2
Which organisms carry out respiration, growth, movement and excretion?
A
all animals and all plants
B
animals only
C
arthropods and flowering plants only
D
plants only
The diagram shows an animal whose scientific name is Falco peregrinus.
To which species does it belong?
3
A
bird
B
F. peregrinus
C
Falco
D
vertebrate
What kind of skin do amphibians have?
A
dry without scales
B
dry with scales
C
moist without scales
D
moist with scales
© UCLES 2018
0610/21/M/J/18
3
4
The diagram shows a flowering plant.
Use the key to identify the plant.
plant
flower has four petals
flower has five petals
leaves with
smooth edges
leaves with
jagged edges
leaves with
smooth edges
leaves with
jagged edges
A
B
C
D
© UCLES 2018
0610/21/M/J/18
[Turn over
2
1
The diagram shows a leaf on a plant.
Sun
simple sugars
made in the leaf
carbon dioxide
from the air
water from
the soil
Which characteristic of life is represented by this diagram?
2
A
excretion
B
nutrition
C
respiration
D
sensitivity
The diagram shows how Homo sapiens (modern people) could have evolved from earlier
ancestors.
Homo sapiens (modern people)
Homo heidelbergensis
Homo erectus
Homo habilis
Which statement about modern people and their ancestors is correct?
A
They are in the same species and the same genus.
B
They are in the same species but not the same genus.
C
They are in the same genus but not the same species.
D
They are neither the same species nor the same genus.
© UCLES 2019
0610/21/M/J/19
1
Carbon dioxide diffuses into a leaf.
Which characteristic of living things requires this?
1
A
excretion
B
movement
C
nutrition
D
respiration
Students find a small organism in a pond. They catch it and put it into a large jar of water. They
see that the organism swims away from light. It lays some eggs before they put it back into the
pond.
Which characteristics of living things did the students see in this organism?
A
excretion, growth and respiration
B
growth, nutrition and sensitivity
C
movement, reproduction and sensitivity
D
movement, reproduction and respiration
2
1
The diagram shows what happened in an experiment with plant seedlings.
start
next day
light
light
Which characteristic of living things made the seedlings grow towards the light?
2
A
excretion
B
nutrition
C
respiration
D
sensitivity
A rat has the scientific name Rattus rattus.
What do the two parts of this name refer to?
A
genus and species
B
kingdom and genus
C
kingdom and species
D
variety and genus
© UCLES 2020
0610/21/M/J/20
2
1
2
What is a characteristic of all living organisms?
A
breathing
B
circulation
C
egestion
D
sensitivity
The table shows a section of DNA taken from four different organisms.
organism
base sequence
W
C
A
C
A
A
T
C
G
A
A
X
G
T
C
A
A
T
G
G
T
G
Y
C
T
C
A
A
T
C
G
T
A
Z
C
T
C
A
T
T
C
G
T
A
Which two organisms are the most distantly related to each other?
A
3
W and X
B
W and Z
C
X and Y
D
Scientists discover a new species of animal.
It has a segmented body with two pairs of legs on each segment.
To which group of animals does this new species belong?
2
A
arachnids
B
crustaceans
C
insects
D
myriapods
What is the most accurate method of classifying animals?
A
comparing bones
B
comparing the morphology of organisms
C
identifying similarities in anatomy
D
identifying similarities in DNA base sequences
© UCLES 2021
0610/21/M/J/21
X and Z
2
1
The diagram shows a plant that has been placed near a sunlit window for a few weeks.
Which two characteristics of living organisms have affected the shape of the plant?
2
3
A
excretion and sensitivity
B
growth and reproduction
C
reproduction and excretion
D
sensitivity and growth
What is a characteristic of amphibians but not of reptiles?
A
four limbs
B
laying eggs in water
C
scaly skin
D
using lungs for breathing
The diagram shows an insect.
Use the key to identify the insect.
1
wings present ........................................... go to 2
wings absent ............................................ A
2
two pairs of wings ..................................... go to 3
one pair of wings ...................................... B
3
wings with circular markings ..................... C
wings without circular markings ................ D
© UCLES 2016
0610/21/O/N/16
2
1
To which group do both the organisms shown in the diagram belong?
leaf-like fronds which have
structures containing spores
on their lower surface
2
A
dicotyledons
B
ferns
C
fungi
D
monocotyledons
The diagram shows a section of DNA from a chimpanzee.
A
G
C
T
A
C
A
G
A
G
Which diagram shows a section of DNA from the organism that is most closely related to the
chimpanzee?
A
A
G
C
T
A
C
A
G
A
T
B
A
G
C
T
A
C
A
G
T
T
C
A
T
C
A
A
C
A
G
T
T
D
A
T
C
T
A
C
A
G
T
T
© UCLES 2017
0610/22/O/N/17
1
The plant Mimosa pudica has leaves that fold in when touched.
This demonstrates movement and which other characteristic?
1
A
excretion
B
growth
C
nutrition
D
sensitivity
The sundew is a carnivorous plant that can trap
them. When an insect gets stuck, other nearby sticky hairs bend over to trap the insect.
Which characteristics of living organisms are demonstrated when the sundew traps insects?
2
A
growth and excretion
B
growth and sensitivity
C
movement and excretion
D
movement and sensitivity
Systems of classification show which organisms share more recent ancestors.
What is the most accurate system of classification?
A
using anatomy
B
using DNA base sequences
C
using morphology
D
using a pedigree diagram
2
1
A person drinks a glass of iced water and the volume of sweat they secrete decreases.
This is an example of which characteristic of living organisms?
2
A
growth
B
movement
C
respiration
D
sensitivity
Lichens are formed from two different organisms living together.
The table shows some of the characteristics of two organisms, X and Y, found in most lichens.
X
Y
made of strands called hyphae
single celled
hyphae have cell walls
and many nuclei
cell contains a nucleus
and chloroplasts
Which kingdoms are represented by X and Y?
X
Y
A
Fungus
Plant
B
Fungus
Protoctist
C
Protoctist
Fungus
D
Protoctist
Plant
© UCLES 2018
0610/22/O/N/18
2
1
The Venus flytrap is a plant that feeds on insects. When a fly lands on the leaf, the leaf folds very
quickly and traps the fly. The leaves produce enzymes which digest the fly.
Which characteristics of living organisms are involved?
2
A
excretion, growth, nutrition
B
movement, excretion, nutrition
C
movement, sensitivity, growth
D
movement, sensitivity, nutrition
The diagrams show four organisms not drawn to the same scale.
Which organism is a prokaryote?
A
B
C
© UCLES 2018
D
0610/23/O/N/18
not to
scale
2
1
The diagram shows a plant.
light
Which characteristic of living organisms is shown by the plant in the diagram?
2
A
excretion
B
reproduction
C
respiration
D
sensitivity
Using the binomial system of naming organisms, the name of the lion is Panthera leo.
Which statement is correct?
3
A
The lion belongs to the kingdom Panthera.
B
The lion belongs to the genus Panthera.
C
The lion belongs to the species Panthera.
D
The lion belongs to the genus leo.
The table shows the number of animals collected in a sample from a woodland and the groups to
which they belong.
animal group
number in sample
arachnids
10
crustaceans
8
insects
80
myriapods
7
How many arthropods in total, in this sample, have six or eight legs?
A
15
© UCLES 2019
B
88
C
90
0610/21/O/N/19
D
98
2
1
The diagrams show a test-tube containing pond water. The green colour is caused by
microorganisms that have chloroplasts.
oxygen bubble
pale green
pond water
dark green
area
light off
light on
Which characteristics of living organisms are shown?
2
3
A
excretion, growth and movement
B
movement, nutrition and sensitivity
C
nutrition, reproduction and respiration
D
reproduction, sensitivity and growth
Which shows an organism that has been named using the binomial system?
A
Brown seaweed
B
Polar bear
C
Red fox
D
Vulpes vulpes
The diagram shows an arthropod.
pedipalp
legs
To which group does it belong?
A
arachnids
B
crustaceans
C
insects
D
myriapods
© UCLES 2019
0610/22/O/N/19
2
1
The diagrams show a plant at the start of an experiment, and the same plant two weeks later.
light from
one side
start of experiment
after two weeks
Which characteristics of living organisms are demonstrated by this experiment?
2
A
excretion, growth, movement
B
excretion, movement, reproduction
C
growth, movement, sensitivity
D
sensitivity, growth, respiration
Donkeys and zebras are different species. They can breed to produce an animal called a zedonk.
Zedonks are not fertile.
Which statement is correct?
3
A
Zedonks and donkeys are the same species.
B
Zedonks and zebras are the same species.
C
Zedonks are a species.
D
Zedonks are not a species.
Which feature is characteristic only of birds?
A
hair and wings
B
hard-shelled eggs and feathers
C
scales and soft-shelled eggs
D
wings and soft-shelled eggs
© UCLES 2019
0610/23/O/N/19
2
1
Hedgehogs are mammals. Touching a hedgehog causes it to roll into a ball to protect itself.
Which characteristics is it displaying?
2
1
A
excretion and movement
B
growth and sensitivity
C
movement and growth
D
movement and sensitivity
What are features of the leaves of a plant that is a dicotyledon?
broad leaves
parallel veins
A
key
B
= yes
C
= no
D
The diagram shows some of the processes carried out by living organisms.
carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere
X
Y
light energy
green
plant
X
Y
chicken
Y
waste
products
waste
products
Which two characteristics of living organisms are represented by arrows X and Y?
A
excretion and sensitivity
B
nutrition and excretion
C
respiration and growth
D
sensitivity and reproduction
© UCLES 2020
0610/21/O/N/20
2
1
(a) (i)
Fig. 1.1 is a branching key used to identify different species of bacteria.
Do the bacteria have flagella?
Yes
No
Do the bacteria have
more than one flagellum?
Yes
No
Do the bacteria have flagella
attached at one end only?
Yes
C
Do the bacteria have
a spiral shape?
Yes
A
No
Do the bacteria form
a chain?
B
No
Yes
D
No
E
F
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2 shows six different species of bacteria.
Use the key to identify the six different species of bacteria.
Write the letters on the lines in Fig. 1.2.
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
© UCLES 2018
Fig. 1.2
0610/42/F/M/18
[5]
3
(ii)
State the name of the kingdom that bacteria belong to.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) State one similarity between the structure of bacteria and the structure of viruses.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Fig. 1.3 is a photomicrograph of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera.
45 mm
magnification ×17 300
Fig. 1.3
(i)
Write the formula that would be used to calculate the actual length of the bacterium (not
including the flagellum) in Fig. 1.3.
[1]
© UCLES 2018
0610/42/F/M/18
[Turn over
4
(ii)
The actual length of the bacterium shown in Fig. 1.3 is 0.0026 mm.
Convert this value to micrometres (µm).
Space for working.
..................................................... µm [1]
(d) (i)
Describe and explain the effects of cholera bacteria on the gut.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[4]
(ii)
Suggest one treatment for cholera.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2018
0610/42/F/M/18
8
2
(a) Fig. 2.1 is a diagram of a prokaryotic cell.
not to scale
Fig. 2.1
(i)
State one visible feature in Fig. 2.1 that identifies this cell as a prokaryotic cell.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
State one cell structure that is present in the cells of all organisms.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Prokaryotes, Animals and Plants are three of the five kingdoms of organisms.
State the names of the two other kingdoms.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Fig. 2.2 shows part of the nitrogen cycle.
nitrogen in
atmosphere
proteins in
animals
proteins in
plants
animal waste
dead
organisms
A
nitrate ions
in soil
Fig. 2.2
© UCLES 2021
0610/42/F/M/21
B
C
9
(i)
Describe processes A, B and C in Fig. 2.2.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [6]
(ii)
State the name of the process that plants use to absorb nitrate ions.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2021
0610/42/F/M/21
[Turn over
3
1
All commercial breeds of sheep belong to the species Ovis aries.
(a) Define the term species.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
The Merino is a breed of sheep that is farmed mainly for its wool. The wool is very thick and is
made of lots of very thin hairs.
Fig. 1.1 shows a female Merino sheep with her newborn lamb.
Fig. 1.1
(b) The presence of hair is a feature that is only found in mammals.
State two other features that distinguish mammals from all other vertebrates.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2019
0610/41/M/J/19
[Turn over
14
5
Ciliates are classified in the kingdom Protoctist. Bacteria are classified in the kingdom Prokaryote.
(a) State two structural features that distinguish the cells of a protoctist from a prokaryote.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Fig. 5.1 shows five species of ciliate that are found in sewage treatment works.
cilia
rows of
cilia
B Didinium
A Chilodonella
cilia
fused
together
C Euplotes
D Paramecium
E Vorticella
not to scale
Fig. 5.1
© UCLES 2020
0610/41/M/J/20
15
Fig. 5.2 is a dichotomous key to identify the ciliates shown in Fig. 5.1.
START
yes
1 has a ring of cilia at
one end of the
organism
yes
2
no
organism B
organism E
no
3 has star-like
structures inside the
organism
yes
organism D
no
4
yes
organism A
no
organism C
Fig. 5.2
Complete the key in Fig. 5.2 by writing suitable statements:
•
•
for box 2 to distinguish species B and E
for box 4 to distinguish species A and C.
text for box 2 .............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
text for box 4 .............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2020
0610/41/M/J/20
[Turn over
16
(c) Didinium is a predatory ciliate. A video recording was made of one Didinium feeding on a
Paramecium. Fig. 5.3 shows a sequence of still photographs taken from the video.
Didinium
Paramecium
Fig. 5.3
Complete the table by putting a tick (✓) by each characteristic of life that can be seen in the
still photographs from the video in Fig. 5.3.
excretion
nutrition
growth
reproduction
movement
respiration
[1]
(d) Fig. 5.4 is a food web for some of the microorganisms in a sewage treatment works.
Didinium
rotifers
nematodes
Paramecium
Vorticella
photosynthetic bacteria
decomposer
bacteria
Fig. 5.4
(i)
Construct one food chain with three trophic levels that use energy derived from the
breakdown of sewage. Do not draw the organisms.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2020
0610/41/M/J/20
5
2
The classification of giant pandas, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, is debated by many scientists.
Fig. 2.1 shows a giant panda eating bamboo plants.
Fig. 2.1
Fig. 2.2 shows a red panda, Ailurus fulgens, and a polar bear, Ursus maritimus.
red panda eating bamboo plants
polar bear eating fish
Fig. 2.2
(a) State one dietary component that is more likely to be found in bamboo plants than in fish.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) (i)
State two features, visible in Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2, that identify the three animals as all
belonging to the same vertebrate group.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2021
0610/42/M/J/21
[Turn over
6
(ii)
DNA can also be used to classify species.
Molecular biologists compared the DNA base sequences of eight species from the same
vertebrate group. They used the differences to draw a classification diagram.
Fig. 2.3 shows the classification diagram for these eight species. The shorter the
horizontal distance from two species to the branching point that they share, the more
similar their DNA sequences are and the more closely the two species are related.
The scale on Fig. 2.3 shows the time at which the molecular biologists estimate that
each branching point occurred.
red panda
ferret
giant panda
polar bear
wolf
tiger
human
mouse
100
80
60
40
million years ago
Fig. 2.3
© UCLES 2021
0610/42/M/J/21
20
0
7
Morphology can also be used to classify species. Some scientists think that morphology
suggests that the giant panda is more closely related to the red panda than it is to the
polar bear.
Discuss the evidence for and against the giant panda being more closely related to
the red panda than it is to the polar bear. Use the information in Fig. 2.1, Fig. 2.2 and
Fig. 2.3 in your answer.
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(iii)
State one other type of evidence that is used to classify species.
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[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2021
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2
1
(a) Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled organism that is classified in the
kingdom Fungi.
Fig. 1.1 is a drawing of a section through a yeast cell.
H
A
G
B
F
C
E
D
1 μm
Fig. 1.1
(i)
State one other kingdom that contains organisms that all have structure A.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
Table 1.1 shows some cell functions.
Complete Table 1.1 by naming the cell structure responsible for each cell function and
give the letter that identifies each cell structure in Fig. 1.1.
Table 1.1
cell function
cell structure
letter from Fig. 1.1
storage of genes
aerobic respiration
amino acids are assembled to
make protein
[3]
© UCLES 2021
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3
(b) A student made a drawing of one Escherichia coli bacterium. Fig. 1.2 shows the student’s
drawing.
Fig. 1.2
The actual length of the bacterial cell is 2 μm.
(i)
Convert the actual length of the cell to millimetres.
................................................... mm [1]
(ii)
State the other information that the student needs in order to calculate the magnification
of the drawing in Fig. 1.2.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Describe the similarities and differences between the structure of the yeast cell and the
structure of the bacterial cell.
Use the information in Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 in your answer.
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© UCLES 2021
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1
All living organisms are placed into groups according to their features.
Myriapods are one of the main groups of arthropods.
(a) State two features of myriapods that can be used to distinguish them from other arthropods.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
Fig. 1.1 shows that there are four main groups of arthropods.
arthropods
group 1
myriapods
group 2
group 3
group 4
Fig. 1.1
(b) State the names of two of the other groups of arthropods in Fig. 1.1.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Myriapods can be classified into four classes, 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Fig. 1.2 is a dichotomous key that can be used to distinguish the four classes of myriapods.
myriapods
no eyes
hairs on most
body segments
class 1
eyes present
no hairs on
one leg on
body segments each side of each
body segment
class 2
class 3
Fig. 1.2
© UCLES 2019
0610/41/O/N/19
two legs on
each side of each
body segment
class 4
3
species J
species K
species L
species M
species N
species O
not to scale
Fig. 1.3
Complete Table 1.1 by using the key in Fig. 1.2 to classify the six myriapods in Fig. 1.3 into
the four classes.
Table 1.1
class
letter(s) of species from
Fig. 1.3 in each class
1
2
3
4
[3]
© UCLES 2019
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(d) Fig. 1.4 is a photograph of the myriapod, Apheloria virginiensis.
5 cm
Fig. 1.4
(i)
State the genus name and kingdom name for the myriapod shown in Fig. 1.4.
genus ................................................................................................................................
kingdom .............................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii)
A. virginiensis releases the poison cyanide when it is attacked by predators.
Cyanide stops enzymes in the mitochondria from functioning.
Suggest why cells die if the mitochondria do not function.
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[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2019
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2
1
(a) Fig. 1.1 shows four arthropods.
A
B
C
D
not to scale
Fig. 1.1
(i)
State two features, visible in Fig. 1.1, that are common to all arthropods.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2019
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(ii)
Fig. 1.2 is a dichotomous key for the arthropods shown in Fig. 1.1.
Complete Fig. 1.2 by writing suitable statements in:
•
box 2 to identify species B
•
box 3 to separate species C and A.
START
box 1
animal has more than ten pairs of legs
yes
D
no
box 2
yes
B
no
box 3
yes
A
no
C
Fig. 1.2
© UCLES 2019
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[2]
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4
(b) The Hawaiian happy-face spider, Theridion grallator, is found on several of the Hawaiian
islands. Some of the spiders have a very distinctive pattern on their bodies as shown in
Fig. 1.3.
Fig. 1.3
(i)
State one feature, visible in Fig. 1.3, that identifies T. grallator as an arachnid.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
Scientists think that the pattern on the bodies of the spiders is an adaptive feature.
Explain the term adaptive feature with reference to this pattern.
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© UCLES 2019
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1
(a) The ant-mimic jumping spider, Myrmarachne formicaria, is shown in Fig. 1.1.
The common name of this species describes its behaviour. It is an arachnid that tricks its prey
because it looks like the insects that it eats.
Fig. 1.1
(i)
Suggest which trophic level in a food chain M. formicaria could belong to.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
State the genus of the spider shown in Fig. 1.1.
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(iii)
Some keys use paired choices of features to identify species such as the ant-mimic
jumping spider.
State the name of this type of key.
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© UCLES 2019
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(b) Spiders are classified as arachnids. Arachnids are one of the main groups of arthropods.
Fig. 1.2 shows diagrams of six arthropods, four of which are arachnids.
A
B
C
D
E
F
not to scale
Fig. 1.2
(i)
State two common features of all the arthropods, visible in Fig. 1.2.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii)
State two common features of all arachnids that can be used to distinguish them from
other arthropods.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii)
State the letters of the four arachnids shown in Fig. 1.2.
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) The features shown in Fig. 1.2 are morphological features. Many traditional methods of
classification used morphology.
State the name of one other type of feature that can also be used in classification.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2019
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[Total: 10]
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14
(c) Water is one of the raw materials needed for the production of sugars in photosynthesis.
(i)
State the name of the other raw material needed for photosynthesis.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
State three ways a plant uses the sugars produced in photosynthesis.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 14]
6
Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of the virus that causes measles.
X
Y
Fig. 6.1
(a) (i)
State the name of the parts of the virus shown in Fig. 6.1 labelled X and Y.
X ........................................................................................................................................
Y ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii)
Bacteria belong to the Prokaryote kingdom.
State two ways in which the structure of bacteria differs from the structure of viruses.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2019
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