GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
INFORMAL ACTIVITIES FOR TERM 3 & 4
GRADE 10
SUBJECT:
ECONOMICS
LEARNER ACTIVITIES
(Page 1 of 39 )
1|Page
ECON GRD 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC
8
PAGE
Economic growth and development and
globalization
6 12
9
South African growth and development-historical
view
13 – 19
10
The history of money and banking
20 – 27
11
Population & labour force
28 – 33
12
Unemployment
34 – 39
2|Page
ECON GRD 10
MAIN TOPIC 3: ECONOMIC PURSUITS
CONTENT DETAILS FOR
CONTENT
TEACHING, LEARNING AND
TOPIC
ASSESSMENT PURPOSES
8.
Economic
growth and
developme
nt and
globalizatio
n
Approaches to economic development in
historical and comparative context - with
particular reference to Africa where
relevant.
 Early economic development and
emergence of trade
- self-sufficiency and dependence on
agriculture
-
barter, trade and emergence of
money
-
language, skills and learning
-
wealth, power and accumulation
 Evolution of markets
- surplus production, trade and
transport development
- the growth of towns and cities
-
NOT FOR EXAMINATION
PURPOSES, WILL BE ASSESSED IN
THE SBA

Briefly describe the concepts
 Briefly discuss the evolution of
markets
specialisation of labour and
emergence of guilds
-
mercantile Law and the
development of business forms
-
technological progress
 Saving
- Reasons why consumers and
businesses save.
- Reasons why the nation should be
encourage saving
- Forms of saving e.g. Stokvels
 Governments and the regulation of
markets
- state involvement in trade
- taxation and mobilisation of
finance for investment in
 Briefly discuss the reasons
why consumers and
businesses save
 Briefly discuss reasons why
the nation should be
encouraged to save
 Discuss in detail the regulation
of markets
infrastructure
-
comparative economic systems
-
public finance and the emergence
of ideas about economic policy
3|Page
ECON GRD 10
 Industrial development
- manufacturing
- technological progress, the
 Discuss in detail industrial
development
mobilisation of energy and
mechanisation of production
-
urbanisation and migration
 Evolution of economic institutions
-
limited liability companies
-
labour unions
-
financial institutions and the
emergence of joint stock
companies
-
globalisation and
international economic
 Briefly discuss the evolution of
limited liability companies
 Briefly discuss the evolution of
labour unions
 Briefly discuss the evolution of
financial institutions and the
emergence of joint stock
companies
 Briefly discuss the evolution of
globalisation and international
economic cooperation
cooperation
9.
South
African
growth and
developme
nthistorical
view

Animal husbandry and
agriculture
-characteristics
-factors promoting economic
development
-consequences

Agriculture and mining
-characteristics
-factors promoting economic
development
-consequences

 Briefly describe the concepts
 Mention the characteristics of
each stage of economic
development
 Discuss the factors promoting
and those hampering economic
development.
 Discuss the consequences of
the stage on the development
of the South African economy.
Mining and industry
-characteristics
-factors promoting economic
development
-consequences

Manufacturing and services
-characteristics
-factors promoting economic
development
-consequences
4|Page
ECON GRD 10
Investigating and outlining the
10. The
history of
money
and
banking
history of money and banking in
South Africa.
 History of money in South Africa:
-
early African money
-
indigenous money
-
colonial money
-
imperial money
-
South African money
 History of banking in South Africa
5|Page
-
early development
-
private banks
-
imperial banks
-
role of banks
-
decreasing importance
-
consolidation of banking
 Discuss the history of money
in South Africa
 Discuss the history of banking
in South Africa
Discuss in detail the role of
commercial banks and
functions of the Reserve Banks.
ECON GRD 10
CONTENT DETAILS FOR
TOPIC
CONTENT
TEACHING, LEARNING AND
ASSESSMENT PURPOSES
11 Population
& labour
force
Composition of the South African population
and labour force; explanation of the factors
(such as hiV/AiDS) that impact on them.
.
The population size:
-
-
population growth
natural growth rate
the demographic cycle
projected growth rates

Discuss in detail the South
African population size

Discuss in detail the South
African labour force
Migration
The South African labour force:
-
age composition
labour force numbers
unemployment
employment
geographic distribution
Note: Infuse factors impacting on the
population and labour force growth and
composition, for example, hiV/AiDS.
6|Page
ECON GRD 10
MAIN TOPIC: CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES
TOPIC
CONTENT
CONTENT DETAILS FOR TEACHING, LEARING
AND ASSESSMENT PURPOSES
12.
ent
Unemployment and the various
approaches to solve the problem. Take
 Briefly describe the concept
cognisance of the economically
Unemploym
marginalised.
 The nature of unemployment
- the numbers
- unemployment rates
- characteristics of South Africa’s
unemployment
- causes of unemployment
-
 Discuss the methods to combat
unemployment
 Discuss unemployment in detail
effects of unemployment
 Approaches to solve unemployment
-
growth of production
-
public works programs
-
unemployment insurance
 Economically marginalised groups
7|Page
 Briefly discuss the economically
marginalised groups
ECON GRD 10
SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZATION
QUESTION 1:
Section A – Short Questions
HINT: When answering Section A – short question, it is important not to rush but to
read the questions carefully and to make sure you understand what the question is
asking. Always remember one alternative is completely wrong, one is nearly correct
and one is totally correct. It is easy to eliminate the completely wrong answer, but if
you do not read the question carefully the nearly correct answer will also appear
correct. The answer will NEVER be two options. Only ONE option is correct. Your
answer will immediately be marked incorrect if you write TWO options.
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number.
1.1.1 In early societies every household aimed at producing all the goods and services that
they needed for their upkeep, this was called …
A.
B.
C.
D.
opportunity cost.
alternatives.
choices.
self sufficiency.
1.1.2 This is the first group of people who lived in the Southern and Western parts of
Africa.
A.
Khoisan
B
African tribes
C
Europeans
D
Arabs
1.1.3 These were associations of crafts men, and other professions who controlled
commerce in towns and cities during the period of market evolution:
A
B
C
D
Guilds
Landlords
Alliances
Hierarchy
1.1.4 Which ONE of the following is not an example of an important system in
the evolution of economic systems?
A
Feudalism
B
Metallurgy
C
Mercantilism
D
Communism
8|Page
ECON GRD 10
1.2
Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches the item in COLUMN A.
Write only the letter (A-I) next to the question number (1.2.1 – 1.2.8) in the
ANSWER BOOK.
1.2 (A)
COLUMN A
1.2.1 Savings
1.2.2 Poor inland
transport
1.2.3 Migration
1.2.4 Barter Trade
1.2.5 Globalisation
1.2.6 Nomadic
1.2.7 Mercantile law
COLUMN B
A. A factor that hampered the economic development of
South Africa in the early stages of development.
B. A process of exchanging goods and services for
each other in the absence of money
C. The worldwide integration of markets and production
D. When people move from place to place for food,
water or pasture
E. Using money to buy goods and services
F. Is the difference between income and spending.
G. It governs commercial transactions
H. The movement of people who cross boundaries to
settle somewhere else.
1.3
Provide the economic term/concept for each of the following descriptions. Write
only the term/concept next to the question number. No abbreviations will be accepted.
1.3.1 A method of trading whereby a commodity is exchanged for another
commodity of the same value.
1.3.2 The process whereby people move in and out of the country
1.3.3 The movement of people from rural areas to cities or towns
1.3.4 When people move from place to place for food, water or pasture
SECTION B
QUESTION 2:
HINT: When the question requires you to “list” or “name”, you need not write a
sentence but merely few words or a phrase. This MUST be done in bullet form. This
types of questions are applicable for 2.1.1, 3.1.1 and 4.1.1
2.1
2.2
Why were labour unions established during the industrial revolution?
Explain the changes brought by the evolution of markets.
(2 x 1)
(2 x 1)
QUESTION 3:
HINT: This types of questions are applicable for 2.1.2, 3.1.2 and 4.1.2
3.1 How does an increase in income lead to the development of industries?
3.2 What is immigration?
9|Page
(1 x 2)
(1 x 2)
ECON GRD 10
DATA RESPONSE
HINT: All section B questions have TWO data interpretation questions – each total
10 marks. Section B consist of Questions 2-4 not as numbered in this document
QUESTION 4:
4.1 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow.
Effects of Apartheid laws on Industrialisation.
In South Africa the policy of apartheid forced many South Africans to live in
homelands. People were not allowed to migrate to the cities and towns until the
pass laws were repealed in the 1980s.
As a result, the rate of urbanisation in this country was stable for nearly 40 years.
Once the apartheid era came to an end in 1994, many more people rushed to
towns in the hope of finding employment. This has put huge pressure on the
infrastructure of almost every South African urban centre.
[Source: www.econrsa.org]
4.1.1 Briefly explain the term urban migration.
4.1.2 What could be a reason for this migration?
4.1.3 Explain briefly how the policy of apartheid affected the rate of
urbanisation in South Africa.
4.1.4 Why is rapid urban migration a problem, particularly to the government?
4.1.5 Describe the relationship between urbanisation and industrialization.
4.2
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(4)
Study the Cartoon below and answer the questions that follow:
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ECON GRD 10
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
What negative effect can migration have on the economy?
Why do people migrate to urban areas?
Briefly describe the concept Urban Migration
How will the net migration influence the South African economy?
Why is it important for the government to know the population growth
rate in the country?
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(4)
4.3 STUDY THE INFORMATION BELOW AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW:
Nomadic communities consisted of nomadic societies. These societies were known
as hunter-gatherers. They moved into an area, used all the available resources and
when there was no longer enough food, they moved to another area.
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
Which stage of economic development is depicted in the above information (1)
Name ONE activity that was practiced by these groups of people?
(1)
Briefly describe the concept nomadic lifestyle.
(2)
What makes traditional societies self-sufficient?
(2)
How were skills transferred during the traditional stage?
(4)
HINT: All section B questions have TWO 8 marks questions, numbered according to
questions not like in this document.
QUESTION 5
Paragraph type questions – Middle Cognitive
Describe the development of markets and trade in early societies.
(8)
5.1.2 What is the impact of immigration and refugees on the population of South Africa.
(8)
5.1.3 Why should the nation be encourage
ed to save?
(8)
5.1.4 How did landlords use their wealth in ancient times
(8)
5.1.5 How does industrialisation lead to the development of transport
and communication networks?
(8)
5.1.1
QUESTION 6
6.1 Evaluate the impact of mechanization on the demand for labour in a country?
(8)
SECTION C
HINT: All section C questions have TWO questions 5 & 6 NOT like in this document.
In the examination you will need to answer only one.
ESSAY STRUCTURE
HINT: Section C – the long question, must be answered in FOUR sections: Introduction
(definition), Body (headings and full sentences in bullets) additional part and conclusion
(summarising). The mark allocations for Section C is as follows:
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ECON GRD 10
MARK
ALLOCATION:
STRUCTURE OF ESSAY:
Introduction
The introduction is a lower-order response.
 A good starting point would be to the main concept related to the
question topic
 Do not include any part of the question in your introduction.
 Do not repeat any part of the introduction in the body
 Avoid saying in the introduction what you are going to discuss in the
body
Body:
Main part: Discuss in detail/ In-depth discussion/ Examine/ Critically
discuss/ Analyse / Compare/ Distinguish/ Differentiate/ Explain/ Evaluate
Additional part: Give own opinion/ Critically discuss/ Evaluate/ Critically
evaluate/ Calculate/ Deduce/ Compare/ Explain Distinguish / Interpret/
Briefly debate/ How/ Suggest
Conclusion
Any Higher or conclusion include:
 A brief summary of what has been discussed without repeating facts
already mentioned in the body
 Any opinion or value judgement on the facts discussed
 Additional support information to strengthen the discussion/analysis
 A contradictory viewpoint with motivation, if required
Recommendations
TOTAL
Max 2
Max 26
Max 10
Max 2
40
[40]
QUESTION 7

Explain how surplus production, trade and transport development is used in the evolution
of markets
[40]
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ECON GRD 10
THE HISTORY OF MONEY AND BANKING IN SOUTH AFRICA:
SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS.
HINT: When answering Section A – short question, it is important not to rush but to
read the questions carefully and to make sure you understand what the question is
asking. Always remember one alternative is completely wrong, one is nearly correct
and one is totally correct. It is easy to eliminate the completely wrong answer, but if you
do not read the question carefully the nearly correct answer will also appear correct.
The answer will NEVER be two options. Only ONE option is correct. Your answer will
immediately be marked incorrect if you write TWO options.
QUESTION 1
Multiple Choice:
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number.
1.1.1 Nowadays paper money is….
A
B
C
D
backed by the gold standard
not backed by the gold standard
issued by the Reserve Bank
B and C
1.1.2 A transaction that cannot be done at an ATM is …
A
the deposit of coins.
B
withdrawals.
C
the payment of accounts.
D
cheques.
1.1.3 The method of exchanging one good for another…
A
B
C
D
nomadic.
bartering.
technology.
power.
1.1.4 Today every country has its own money known as …
A
B
C
D
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indigenous money.
community money.
currency money.
Rand.
ECON GRD 10
1.1.5 Paying your accounts via internet banking is known as …
A
B
C
D
real money.
E-banking.
modern money.
indigenous money.
1.1.6 The year that the South African Reserve Bank was established…
A
B
C
D
1900.
1960.
1920.
1980.
1.1.7 What came into use as easier methods of payment?
A
B
C
D
rice
sweets
flour
metal coins.
1.1.8 Indigenous and early African money includes...
A
B
C
D
cloth
ostrich shells
beads
all of the above
1.1.9 In 1705, the Dutch authorities in the Cape established the ... as the standard
monetary unit.
A
Rand.
B
Cape rixdollar.
C
Dollar.
D
Zim Dollar.
1.1.10 In what year did the British take over the Cape?
A
B
C
D
1806.
1400.
1906.
1652.
1.1.11 In 1826, the British introduced…
A
B
C
D
sterling (pounds, shillings and pence).
Cape rixdollar.
Euros.
Dollar.
1.1.12 After the Anglo Boer War, what was the official currency of South Africa?
A
B
C
D
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British Currency.
Pound.
Euros.
Rand.
ECON GRD 10
1.1.13 Kruger pounds were minted in the year…
A
B
C
D
1800.
1886.
1930.
1910.
1.1.14 In 1910, … became the legal tender across the whole of South Africa.
A
B
C
D
silver.
gold.
sterling.
Rand.
1.1.15 In the year 1961, South Africa adopted the … system.
A
B
C
D
bartering system.
money system.
sterling system.
Decimal system.
(15x2)= [30]
1.2
Choose an appropriate description from Column B to match the concept in Column A.
Write only the letters (A – P) to indicate your choice, next to the question number (1.2.1
– 1.2.15) on your ANSWER SCRIPT.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.2.1 Legal tender.
1.2.2 Currency.
1.2.3 Imperial
money.
1.2.4 Colonial
money.
1.2.5 Indigenous
money.
1.2.6 South African
Reserve bank.
1.2.7 Bartering.
1.2.8 Capital goods.
1.2.9 Cash flow.
1.2.10
Commodities.
1.2.11 Exchange.
1.2.12 Financial
institutions.
1.2.13 Medium of
exchange.
1.2.14 Value.
A. When you can use the product or service only once to
satisfy your needs or wants.
B. Money used by a country.
C. Different coins were use, including Dutch florins, Spanish
dollar, etc....
D. Established in the year 1920.
E. British introduced the sterling.
F. A system of money in general use in a particular
country..
G. Anything with which you may legally pay for goods and
services.
H. Goods that are used to produce other goods, e.g.
machines.
I. A system of exchange where you swop goods for goods.
J. Things that we buy to use.
K. For example, banks and insurance companies.
L. Money resulting from daily, weekly or monthly income
that is used to pay for running costs and general
purchases.
M. To swop with somebody else.
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ECON GRD 10
1.2.15 Working
capital.
N. Anything that other people will accept in exchange for
goods and services.
O. Money invested in a business enterprise that is used for
the running costs of that business.
P. A measure of the ability of a product to demand other
goods or services in exchange. This is also the price of
the product.
(15 x 1)= [15]
1.3
Give the economic term/concepts for each of the following descriptions. Write only the
term/concept next to the question number (1.3.1 – 1.3.10) in the answer book.
1.3.1
The negotiation that takes place between a buyer and seller.
1.3.2 Anything with which you may legally pay for goods and services.
1.3.3
System of money in general use in a particular country.
1.3.4 The central bank in South Africa is called the….
1.3.5 The currency that may be legally used in a country…
1.3.6 The .. . Standard meant that all bank notes issued were backed by….stored at banks.
1.3.7 The first bank in South Africa, established in 1793…
1.3.8 South Africa’s first private (or commercial) bank…
1.3.9 Banks take deposits which may be withdrawn using a cheque, debit card or EFT
(electronic funds transfer) and lend money in the form of loans and overdrafts.
1.3.10 This institution regulates banks offering financial services.
(10 x 1)= [10]
SECTION B: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS.
DATA RESPONSE QUESTIONS:
QUESTION 2: HISTORY OF MONEY IN SOUTH AFRICA
2.1
Study the extract and answer the questions that follow:
The History of South African Currency
The use of coins in the region dates from the time the first European settlers landed on its shores in 1652.
Jan van Riebeeck, a Dutch explorer, established a trading station on behalf of the Dutch East India
Company in what would later become known as Cape Town.
A stream of sailors and traders passed through the Cape, bringing with them the currency of their
homeland. Although the Dutch guilder was the most common coinage in use, additional currencies were
16 | P a g e
ECON GRD 10
also used to trade with, including the Spanish real, Indian rupee, Japanese koban, English guinea,
Portuguese joannes, and Russian ruble.
In the 1830s, roughly 12 000 Boers, people of Dutch descent, departed from the Cape Colony to escape
British control. They moved inland and founded the South African Republic (ZAR) and the Orange Free
State. In 1874, the South African government decided to produce its own coins for the first time. President
Thomas Francois Burgers sent 300 ounces of gold to London and had 837 gold coins struck bearing his
image. These coins came to be known as the “Burgers Pond.”
Buoyed by the discovery of gold in the region and a desire to legitimise its existence, the ZAR government
built a mint in Pretoria and began to issue its own currency from 1892 until 1902. The Republic’s coinage
was based on the British sterling and depicted the portrait of President Paul Kruger. Production at the
mint came to a halt at the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Boer War. The British invaded Pretoria and the
Boer government fled, taking their gold with them.
In 1910, following the British victory in the Anglo-Boer War, the Union of South Africa was created. It
united the Cape and Natal colonies, as well as the two Boer republics, under British rule. In 1923 the
Royal Mint in Pretoria started producing its own currency again, issuing coins identical in size and value
to those used in Britain.
Although South Africa was granted independence from Britain in 1931, it continued to use coins based
on the British system for some years thereafter. It was only in 1961, when the country became a republic,
that a new currency was introduced. The rand replaced the South African pound as legal tender on 14
February 1961. It was named after the Witwatersrand, a range of hills famous for being the source of 40%
of the world’s gold.
Adapted from: https://www.resbank.co.za
2.1.1
Identify any TWO currencies that were previously used to trade from the extract.
(2)
2.1.2 List any TWO items that were used by indigenous African people as money.
(2)
2.1.3 Briefly describe the term currency and give ONE example of a currency. (3)
2.1.4 When did South Africa start producing its own coins?
(1)
2.1.5 Why was the South African currency based on the British sterling?
(2)
2.1.6 What currency is being used in South Africa now?
(1)
2.1.7 Briefly discuss any 3 functions of money.
(9)
2.1.8 How has the South African Reserve Bank added to the development of the monetary
systems in SA?
(4)
2.1.9 What is the importance of the Reserve Bank?
(10)
(34)
17 | P a g e
ECON GRD 10
QUESTION 2.2
2.2
Study the cartoon below and answer the questions that follow.
[Source: Enjoy Economics, 2011] 1
2.2.1 What is described in the picture?
(2)
2.2.2. Briefly describe the term bartering and give an example.
(3)
2.2.3 Explain the problems that would exist if our society did not have any
money as a medium of exchange.
(3 x 2) (6)
2.2.4 Name the five banks that were important by 1920.
(5)
2.2.5 Discuss the importance of commercial banks in the economy.
(4)
[20]
SECTION C: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS.
SECTION C: ESSAYS
Your answer will be assessed as follows:
MARK
ALLOCATION
STRUCTURE OF THE ESSAY
Introduction
The introduction is a lower-order response.
 A good starting point would be to determine the main concept related to
the question topic.
 Do not include any part of the question in your introduction.
 Do not repeat any part of the introduction in the body.
 Avoid saying in the introduction what you are going to discuss in the body
18 | P a g e
ECON GRD 10
Max. 2
Body
Main part: Discuss in detail / In-depth discussion / Examine /
Critically discuss / Analyse / Compare / Evaluate / Distinguish /
Explain
Max. 26
Additional part: Give own opinion / Critically discuss / Evaluate / Critically
evaluate / Draw a graph and explain / Use the graph given and explain /
Complete the given graph / Calculate / Deduce / Compare / Explain /
Distinguish / Interpret / Briefly debate / How? / Suggest
Max. 10
Conclusion
Any higher-order conclusion should include:
 A brief summary of what has been discussed without repeating facts
already mentioned
 Any opinion or value judgement on the facts discussed
 Additional support information to strengthen the discussion / analysis
 A contradictory viewpoint with motivation, if required
 Recommendations
Max. 2
TOTAL
40
QUESTION 3

Discuss the history of banking in South Africa, highlighting early development, private
banks and imperial banks.

(26)
In addition, explain how technology has reduced the traditional banking activities of
commercial banks.
(10)
[40]
QUESTION 4

Discuss in detail the roles and functions of Commercial Banks in the development of the
economy of South Africa.

(26)
Critically evaluate the importance of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) in our
country.
(10)
[40]
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ECON GRD 10
LABOUR RELATIONS
SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS
LABOUR RELATIONS
QUESTION 1:
Section A – Short Questions
HINT: When answering Section A – short question, it is important not to rush but to
read the questions carefully and to make sure you understand what the question is
asking. Always remember one alternative is completely wrong, one is nearly correct
and one is totally correct. It is easy to eliminate the completely wrong answer, but if
you do not read the question carefully the nearly correct answer will also appear
correct. The answer will NEVER be two options. Only ONE option is correct. Your
answer will immediately be marked incorrect if you write TWO options.
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number.
1.1.1 The labour market in South Africa is……
A
underpinned by supply and demand of labour
B
dominated by employers
C
dominated by trade unions
D
dominated by employees
1.1.2 The institution that conducts labour force surveys in South Africa is
A. Statistics South Africa
B. The Department of Labour
C. The CCMA
D. Trade unions
1.1.3 The Employment Equity Act No,55 of 1998 consists of, inter alia..
A
Learnership agreements
B
Fair discrimination
C
Affirmative action
D
1.1.4 Which of the following factors influences the demand for labour?
A
Productivity of labour
B
Demand of other factors
C
Population growth
D
1.1.5 Labour unions..
A
Have the power to force employers and employees to comply with the
Relations Act.
B
Negotiate improved wages and working conditions for their members
C
Make proposals about labour policies and laws
D
Help settle labour disputes by conciliation or arbitration
1.1.6 An increase in the wage rate will, ceteris paribus, lead to….
20 | P a g e
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labour
A
B
C
D
a decrease in quantity demanded for labour
a decrease in the demand for labour
an increase in quantity demanded for labour
an increase in the demand for labour
1.1.7 This Act ensures that there is a healthy working relationship between an employer
and an employee in the workplace.
A
Basic Conditions of Employment Act
B
Employment Equity Act
C
Skills Development Act
D
Labour Relations Act
1.1.8 The labour absorption rate can be described as
A
the number of unemployed people expressed as a percentage of the labour
force
B
The percentage of the population of working age who are employed
C
The total number of people in the country’s labour force.
D
The number of economically active people in the labour market
1.1.9 The rights of workers is a domain of the ……Act
A
Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment
B
Basic Conditions of Employment
C
Labour Relations
D
Skills development
1.1.10 A law passed to promote equal opportunity in the workplace
A
Labour Relations Act
B
Employment Equity Act
C
RDP
D
GEAR
1.1.11 This Act protects employees in all sections of the economy, regardless of whether
they are in a trade union or not
A
Labour Relations Act
B
Employment Equity Act
C
Basic Conditions of Employment Act
D
The Occupational Health and Safety Act
1.2
Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches the item in COLUMN A.
Write only the letter (A-I) next to the question number (1.2.1 – 1.2.8) in the
ANSWER BOOK.
1.2 (A)
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.2.1 Basic Conditions of
employment Act
A. How a nation’s GDP is distributed among
population
1.2.2 CCMA
B. Established on a voluntary basis by the
employers and unions
1.2.3 Income redistribution
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1.2.4 Bargaining councils
1.2.5 Conciliation
C. Bringing parties together and getting them to
agree on a certain course of action
1.2.6 Misconduct
D. Occurs when a rule in the workplace is broken
1.2.7 Trade unions
E. Tries to regulate the relationship between
employees and employers
F. Act No 75 of 1997 gives effect to the right to fair
labour practices
G. Aimed at promoting fair practices in the work
environment that resolves labour disputes and
provides advice
1.3 Provide the economic term/concept for each of the following descriptions. Write only the
term/concept next to the question number. No abbreviations will be accepted.
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
Primarily concerns with the rights and responsibilities of unionized employees
Workers negotiate as a group with employers with regard to working conditions
When quantity of labour is greater than the quantity demanded in the market
Policies that encourage positive discrimination in employment to counter the
effects of discrimination in the past.
1.3.5 The rights that may not be varied at all, neither by the employer nor the worker
1.3.6 The process where an outside person settles a disagreement between parties by
finding a solution that both can accept.
1.3.7 A forced lay-off of employees by a firm, usually to cut down its payroll
SECTION B
QUESTION 2:
HINT: When the question requires you to “list” or “name”, you need not write a
sentence but merely few words or a phrase. This MUST be done in bullet form. This
types of questions are applicable for 2.1.1, 3.1.1 and 4.1.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5.
Name TWO functions of trade unions
(2 x 1)(2)
Name TWO objectives of the Labour Relations Act.
(2 x 1)(2)
Name any TWO issues covered in the Basic Conditions of Employment Act.
(2X1)(2)
Name TWO approaches to solve unemployment
(2X1)(2)
Name TWO characteristics of South Africa’s labour force
(2x1)(2)
QUESTION 3:
HINT: This types of questions are applicable for 2.1.2, 3.1.2 and 4.1.2
3.1
What is the aim of the compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act?
(1 x 2)
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3.2
3.3
3.4.
How does a surplus of labour affect the wages and salaries for labour as a factor
production
(1 x 2)
How could wages affect the demand for labour?
(1 x 2)
How does mechanisation affect the demand for labour?
(1 X 2)
of
DATA RESPONSE
HINT: All section B questions have TWO data interpretation questions – each total
10 marks. Section B consist of Questions 2-4 not as numbered in this document
QUESTION 4:
4.1. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow:
HIV POSITIVE SCENARIOUS IN SOUTH AFRICA-2008
Province
Population
Percentage of population
which are HIV positive
Limpopo
Mpumalanga
Gauteng
Free state
KwaZulu-Natal
5 857 622
3 181 041
8 170 993
2 878 993
9 308 565
12.9%
7.0%
18.0%
6,3%
20.5%
4.1.1
Which
province has the highest number of registered HIV positive people
(1)
4.1.2 Calculate the number of people that are HIV positive in Gauteng.
Show all calculations
(1)
4.1.3 Briefly describe the term demography.
(2)
4.1.4 What measures can the state and economic sectors use to combat this HIV
pandemic?
(2)
4.1.5 Explain the impact of HIV/Aids on production in labour-intensive industries?
(4)
4.2
Study the EXTRACT BELOW AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW
LABOUR DISPUTES SOLVED
The CCMA is an independent body established in 1996 in terms of the Labour
Relations Act, 1995, as amended. It does not belong to, nor is controlled by,
any political party, trade union or business, even though the CCMA showed a
tremendous record of 1 069 400 labour disputes on trial between November
1996 and 31 January 1997. The total number of working days lost as a result of
industrial action has decreased by 68% since the introduction of the new
Labour Relations Act in 1995.
[Source: South African Yearbook 2008/2009]
4.2.1 Write the abbreviation CCMA in full?
(1)
4.2.2 Name a goal of the labour relations act
(1)
4.2.3 Why is it important that the CCMA does not belong to any political party, trade unions or
business
(2)
4.2.4 Why, do you think, it is important to limit the amount of working days lost?
(2)
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4.2.5 Which phrase from the extract above indicates that the introduction of the labour
relations act was to the advantage of the economy as a whole? WHY IS THIS SO?
(4)
4.3 Study the cartoon and answer the questions that follow.
4.3.1 What does the abbreviation COSATU stand for
(1)
4.3.2 Explain the word “plight”
(1)
4.3.3 What do you think is legal responsibility of the union federations such as COSATU
(2)
4.3.4 “The CCMA is part of the collective bargaining and dispute resolution process.”
Compare mediation and conciliation as part of this process in table format. (4)
4.4
Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow:
COSATU WANTS SUGAR TAX DELAYED UNTIL JOBS SECURED
Trade union federation, Cosatu, has called for a delay in the implementation
of the tax on sugar-sweetened beverages, saying a comprehensive transition
and jobs plan has to be developed first. While Cosatu agreed that diabetes
and obesity were contributing to a national health crisis, it was concerned
about the loss of jobs that would result from the tax which is intended to
reduce the consumption of sugary drinks.
“Obesity, diabetes and many other diseases caused by over consumption of
sugar have a terrible and devastating impact on working-class families. Our
status as the most obese nation in Africa encapsulates this crisis.”
[Source: BusinessLive, Linda Ensor 2017]
4.4.1 Identify ONE negative effect of sugar consumption from the extract above.
(1)
4.4.2 Which labour union represents workers in the extract above?
(1)
4.4.3 Briefly describe the concept unemployment.
(2)
4.4.4 According to the extract, what is the purpose of the sugar tax
(2)
4.4.5 How has the sugar tax affected the economy?
(2X2)(4)
4.5
Study the following pictures and answer the questions that follow
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SOURCE:GOOGLE IMAGES
4.5.1 Besides COSATU, give any other example of another union from the pictures above
(1)
4.5.2 What is the aim of a trade union
(1)
4.5.3 Briefly explain the term trade union.
(2)
4.5.4 Explain the importance of the basic conditions of employment act to workers.
(2)
4.5.5 Discuss any rights of workers in South Africa.
(4)
4.6 STUDY THE BELOW AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW:
Strike over labour dispute grounds flights at Kenya's main airport
INTERNATIONAL - A strike over a labour dispute disrupted flights at Kenya’s
main international airport in Nairobi early on Wednesday, Kenya Airports
Authority said, though the transport minister expected them to resume soon.
Hundreds of passengers were waiting outside the international and domestic
terminals and riot police dispersed picketing ground staff, a Reuters witness
said, adding that three planes took off at about 05:30 GMT despite the strike.
Transport Minister James Macharia said replacement staff had been found to
screen passengers and luggage.
The strike at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport follows a labour dispute over
contracts and job security between the Kenya Aviation Workers Union (KAWU)
and Kenya Airways.
[Source: https://www.iol.co.za/business-report]
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.6.4
Identify the city affected by the strike in the extract above.
(1)
What is the cause of the dispute in the extract above.
(1)
Briefly explain the term trade union.
(2)
Explain the importance of the basic conditions of employment act to workers.
(2)
4.6.5 How can unemployment affect the economy
(4)
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4.7 Study the information below and answer the questions that follow
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4
Identify the equilibrium wage rate.
(1)
From the graph, what would the labour surplus be?
(1)
Briefly define the term labour market..
(2)
What would be the impact on the market if the size of the production increases?
(2)
4.7.5 Why is it important for employees to join trade unions?
(4)
4.8
Study the information below and answer the questions that follow.
BARGAINING COUNCIL
Former Federation of Unions of South Africa (Fedusa) General Secretary
Denis George’s, dismissal is now in the hands of the CCMA. The
federation dismissed George over allegations of corruption involving
his purchase of shares in controversial company Ayo technologies. The
company has been accused of irregularities which have been laid bare
at the Public Corporation inquiry. In the document, George says his
dismissal was procedurally unfair because the presiding officer who
investigated the allegations against him and found him guilty, was
hired through the same attorneys who conducted the probe.
[Adapted from Eyewitness News, June 2019]
4.8.1
What does CCMA for?
(1)
4.8.2 Why according to the extract was George’s dismissal considered unfair? (1)
4.8.3 Briefly describe the term bargaining council .
(2)
4.8.4 Why does the Labour Appeal Court have greater powers than Labour Court
(2)
4.8.5 What would the results of an unsuccessful mediation process be? (2 x 2) (4)
4.9. STUDY THE INFORMATION BELOW AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.
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4.9.1 According to the extract, which year had the highest number of aids-related deaths?
(1)
4.9.2 What could be the reasons for the drop in aids-related deaths?
(1)
4.9.3 How can businesses contribute towards a reduction in AIDS-related deaths?
(4)
4.9.4 How will this decline in deaths impact on production in labour-intensive industries? (4)
HINT: All section B questions have TWO 8 marks questions, numbered according to
questions not like in this document.
QUESTION 5
Paragraph type questions – Middle Cognitive
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
Discuss the powers of the labour court.
Outline the functions of the CCMA.
What are the labour rights in South Africa.
Discuss how mechanization can influence the demand for labour.
Use graph to illustrate your answer
5.1.5 Explain the purpose and general functions of workplace forums.
(8)
(8)
(8)
5.1.6 Briefly describe the powers of the Labour court in South Africa.
(8)
(8)
(8)
5.1.7 Discuss FOUR factors that determine the demand for labour.
(8)
5.1.8 South Africa’s labour legislation corresponds with international laws.
Explain FOUR labour rights.
(8)
5.1.9 Differentiate between conciliation and mediation.
(8)
5.1.10 Discuss majorification as one of the objectives of the Labour Relations Act. (8)
QUESTION
6
Paragraph type questions – Higher cognitive
6.1 Evaluate the impact of mechanization on the demand for labour in a country?
QUESTION 7
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(8)


Discuss in detail, the factors that lead to labour market failure (26 MARKS)
Evaluate the demand-side approach by the government to create employment. (10)
[40]
SOUTH AFRICA’S POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE
SECTION A
30 marks
Question 1
1.1.
SHORT QUESTIONS
Various options are provided as answers to the following questions. Write only the correct letter
(A – D) next to the question number (1.1.1 – 1.1.5).
1.1.1 The group that finds it hardest to find a job is … in the ... areas.
A. young men; rural
B. young women; urban
C. old men; urban
D. old women; urban
1.1.2 A successful land claim has given a community a new lease of life.” This headline refers
to the government’s efforts in redressing … programme in the …sector.
A. Land redistribution; secondary
B. Agriculture development; tertiary
C. Natural resource redistribution; primary
D. Land redistribution; primary
1.1.3 A distinctive feature of South Africa’s population is. that ...
A. it is composed mainly of people aged 50-65
B. 71% or more is aged under 35.
C. the WEF ranks us 10th in terms of competitiveness.
D. our large base of unskilled workers which is an advantage.
1.1.4 The existence of micro-lenders can …….. the economy.
A. help stimulate
B. cause a decline in
C. cause the repo rate to increase
D. help consumers in
1.1.5 South Africa has a shortage of ... labour.
A. unskilled
B. skilled
C. permanent
D. temporary
1.1.6 The … do not form part of the EAP.
A. unemployed
B. employed
C. retired
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D. school leaners
1.1.7 High birth rates are characteristics of the …. stage in the demographic cycle.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. four
1.1.8 WEF stands for
A. World Economic Forum
B. World Economic Front
C. World Economy Forum
D. Warm Economic Front
1.1.9 Life expectancy in South Africa has fallen in recent years due to …..
A. Malnutrition
B. Cancer
C. TB
D. HIV/Aids
1.1.10 South Africa’s population has increased by 22 million from 1970 to 2001; this was
caused by:
A. natural growth rate
B. rapid growth rate
C. population size
D. migration
(10X2 = 20)
1.2.
MATCHING ITEMS
Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches an item in COLUMN A. Write only the
letter (A – G) next to the question number (1.2.1 – 1.2.6), for example 1.2.7 H.
Column A
Column B
1. Labour force
a. Includes employed and unemployed people.
participation rate.
2. Economically active
b. Those who want to work, but have given up
population.
looking for work.
3. Labour absorption rate.
c. The state of having paid work.
4. Discouraged work
d. Disabled people and children under 15.
seekers.
5. Not economically active
e. The total number of people employed or seeking
employment in a country.
f. The percentage of the working age population who
are employed.
g. Actively looking for work.
(5X1 = 5)
1.3 TERMINOLOGY
Give the correct term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the
question number (1.3.1 – 1.3 5).
1.3.1.
1.3.2.
1.3.3.
1.3.4.
1.3.5.
The ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area.
The official counting of the population on a regular basis.
Citizens leaving the country to become a citizen of another country.
People moving from rural to the urban areas of a country.
Death rate is also known as.
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(5X1 = 5)
ECON GRD 10
SECTION B
Question 2
2.1.
Calculate the natural growth in our population based on the information below. Show
your calculations.
(11)
Reported
Reported
Natural
Year
birth
deaths
increase
1997
949341
317131
1998
933526
365852
1999
949281
381820
2000
960493
415983
2001
944345
454847
2002
953680
502031
2003
944546
556769
2004
994537
576700
2005
1027650
598054
2006
1046130
612462
2007
1015370
601033
2.2.
Draw a conclusion about any tendency, in question 1.1 that can be observed from the
natural increase in the population over the period 1997 to 2007.
(4)
Draw and fully label the four stages of Demographic cycles.
(4X4 = 16)
Briefly describe the term population growth.
(2)
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
Based on the statement below, answer the questions which follow.
Since 1994, urbanisation was rapid. Large-scale migration put high pressure on
municipalities to delivery services, as an increase number of people needed housing,
water, electricity, schooling and transport.
2.5.1. Define the term urbanisation and migration.
(2X2 = 4)
2.5.2. What occurred in 1994 that increased urbanisation?
(2)
2.5.3 Discuss in detail service delivery in Urban areas in the year 1994 compared to 2020.
(8)
Question 3
3.1. Define the terms immigration and foreigners.
(2X2 = 4)
3.2. There are four types of foreigners entering South Africa. List and define each one.
(4X2 = 8)
3.3. Answer the questions based on the table below.
Workers by sector
2006
2009
2010
Sector
(000)
%
(000)
(000)
Formal
8394
65,8
9449
8974
Informal
2379
18,7
2150
2009
Agriculture
1088
8,5
738
650
Domestic workers
886
7,0
1299
1169
3.3.1. What is the percentage of workers in South Africa is employed in the formal sector
in 2009 and 2010.
(4)
3.3.2 Agriculture is showing a decline in each year above. In your opinion why is that
occurring?
(4)
3.3.3 Do you think the informal sector figures are a true reflection shown in the above table?
Motivate your answer.
(4)
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Question 4
4.1
Give four reasons why unemployment has increased in South African in the last ten
years.
(8)
4.2
Study the diagram below and answer the questions which follow.
4.2.1 Identify the source of the above information .
(1)
4.2.2 By how much did the employment numbers increase by in Q4?
(2)
4.2.3 Discuss in detail what government has done to improve employment in South Africa.
Discuss four points in full.
(8)
Question 5
Read the article below and answer the questions which follow:
SA formal sector jobs decline in second quarter of 2019
The June 2019 Quarterly Employment Survey, released by Statistics South Africa, showed that an estimated
10 172 000 people were employed in the formal non-agricultural sector of the South African economy, which
is down by 2 000 from the 10 174 000 recorded in the previous quarter.
Full-time employment decreased by 26 000 to 9 103 000, and part-time employment increased by 24 000 to
1 069 000.
The quarterly decrease in total employment was largely due to decreases in the following industries:
manufacturing (-15 000 or -1,2%), business services (-14 000 or -0,6%), trade (-10 000 or -0,4%),
construction (-9 000 or -1,5%) and electricity (-1 000 or -1,7%). The transport industry remained unchanged.
However, there were increases in employment reported by community services with 44 000 and mining
industries with 3 000 employees.
Total employment increased by 141 000 or 1,4% year-on-year between June 2018 and June 2019. This was
largely due to increases in the following industries: community services (74 000 or 2,8%), trade (58 000 or
2,6%), business services (38 000 or 1,6%) and transport (6 000 or 1,3%). However, the following industries
reported annual decreases: construction (-30 000 or -4,7%), electricity (-3 000 or -4,8%), mining and
quarrying (-1 000 or -0,2%) and manufacturing (-1 000 or -0,1%).
Annually, full-time and part-time employment increased by 90 000 and of 51 000, respectively.
Total earnings paid to employees amounted to R699,9 billion in June 2019, up from R688,4 billion in
March 2019, a quarterly increase of R11,5 billion or 1,7%.
Of the total gross earnings paid to employees in the June 2019 quarter, 92% was derived from basic
salary/wages, and bonus and overtime payments contributed 5% and 3%, respectively. Basic salary
increased by R15,0 billion (or 2,4%), bonus payments decreased by R5,5 billion (or -12,6%) and overtime
payments increased by R2,0 billion (or 10,9%) quarter to quarter.
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Quarter-on-quarter increases in gross earnings were led by the community industry with R9,4 billion,
transport industry with R3,7 billion, trade industry with R1,5 billion, mining industry with R804 million,
manufacturing industry with R769 million, and construction industry with R337 million. Decreases in gross
earnings were reported in the business services industry with R4,9 billion, and the electricity industry with
R39 million.
Year on year, total gross earnings increased by R45 billion (or 6,9%). Basic salaries increased by
R40 billion, and bonus and overtime payments by R5 billion.
Average monthly earnings paid to employees in the formal non-agricultural sector rose by 2,7% quarter to
quarter, and this amounted to R21 432 in February 2019 from R20 859 in February 2019; however, year on
year there was an increase of 4,9%.
For more information, download the Q2:2019, Quarterly employment survey
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.3.5
5.3.6
5.4
In the economy we have formal and informal sectors. Give two job types under each
sector.
(2X2 = 4)
How much did the part-time employment annually increase by?
(2)
Write out the following abbreviations out in full:
EAP
HIV
Aids
QLFS
LFPR
IKS
(6X1 = 6)
Write out the equation for Unemployment rate.
(2)
Question 6
The questions below are based on the table.
Study the tabled information and answer the questions:
PROVINCE
KwaZulu Natal
Mpumalanga
Free State
North West
Gauteng
East Cape
Limpopo
Northern Cape
Western Cape
NATIONAL
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
2002
11.7
14.1
14.9
10.3
14.7
6.6
9.8
8.4
10.7
11.4
2005
16.5
15.2
12.6
10.9
10.8
8.9
8.0
5.4
1.9
10.8
2008
15.8
15.4
12.6
11.3
10.3
9.0
8.8
5.9
3.8
10.9
Name the province that had the highest HIV prevalence in 2002.
(2)
Name the province with the highest HIV prevalence in 2002.
(2)
Name the province with the biggest increase of HIV prevalence from 2002 to 2008.(4)
Identify which province was the most successful in the prevention of HIV/Aids. Explain
your answer.
(4)
Name any three measures which can possibly be taken to improve the situation in the
province named in 6.4.
(6)
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SECTION C
Essay questions
HINT: All section C questions have TWO questions 5 & 6 NOT like in this document. In the
examination you will need to answer only one.
ESSAY STRUCTURE
HINT: Section C – the long question, must be answered in FOUR sections: Introduction (definition),
Body (headings and full sentences in bullets) additional part and conclusion (summarising). The mark
allocations for Section C is as follows:
MARK
STRUCTURE OF ESSAY:
ALLOCATION:
Introduction
Max 2
The introduction is a lower-order response.
 A good starting point would be to the main concept related to the
question topic
 Do not include any part of the question in your introduction.
 Do not repeat any part of the introduction in the body
 Avoid saying in the introduction what you are going to discuss in the
body
Body:
Main part: Discuss in detail/ In-depth discussion/ Examine/ Critically discuss/
Max 26
Analyse / Compare/ Distinguish/ Differentiate/ Explain/ Evaluate
Additional part: Give own opinion/ Critically discuss/ Evaluate/ Critically
evaluate/ Draw a graph and explain/ Use the graph given and explain/ Complete
Max 10
the given graph/ Calculate/ Deduce/ Compare/ Explain Distinguish / Interpret/
Briefly debate/ How/ Suggest
Conclusion
Any Higher or conclusion include:
Max 2
 A brief summary of what has been discussed without repeating facts
already mentioned in the body
 Any opinion or value judgement on the facts discussed Additional
support information to strengthen the discussion/analysis
 A contradictory viewpoint with motivation, if required
 Recommendations
TOTAL
40
Question 7
 Write an essay in which you discus factors impacting on population growth in South
Africa under the following headings:
o
Immigration and emigration
(13)
o
HIV/AIDS
(13)
(26)
Additional
 Discuss natural growth with regard to the difference between birth and death rates of a
population.
(10)
Question 8
 Discuss in an essay format the population composite of South African labour force under
the following headings:
o Age composition
(10)
o Employment and unemployment
(8)
o Geographical composition
(8)
(26)
Additional
 What are the differences between immigration and emigration
(10)
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UNEMPLOYMENT
SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1:
Section A – Short Questions
HINT: When answering Section A – short question, it is important not to rush but to
read the questions carefully and to make sure you understand what the question is
asking. Always remember one alternative is completely wrong, one is nearly correct
and one is totally correct. It is easy to eliminate the completely wrong answer, but if
you do not read the question carefully the nearly correct answer will also appear
correct. The answer will NEVER be two options. Only ONE option is correct. Your
answer will immediately be marked incorrect if you write TWO options.
1.1
Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number.
1.1.1 An economically active population is made up of … people between the ages of 15 and
64.
A
employed
B
unemployed
C
employed and unemployed
D
hired
1.1.2 In South Africa, unemployment is the major cause of …
A
increased GDP
B
racism
C
poverty
D
better standard of living
1.1.3 The overall inability of an economy to provide employment for its total labour force,
leads to … unemployment.
A
seasonal
B
frictional
C
structural
D
cyclical
1.1.4 South Africa currently has an oversupply of … labour.
A
unskilled
B
semi-skilled
C
skilled
D
seasonal
1.1.5 Frictional unemployment occurs when …
A
harvesting ends
B
people move between jobs
C
the structure of the economy changes
D
unemployment is long lasting
(5 x 2) (10)
34 | P a g e
ECON GRD 10
1.2
Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches the item in COLUMN A.
Write only the letter (A-I) next to the question number (1.2.1 – 1.2.8) in the
ANSWER BOOK.
COLUMN A
1.2.1 Affirmative action
1.2.2 Unemployment
Insurance Fund
1.2.3 Cyclical
unemployment
1.2.4 Unemployment
1.2.5 Public works
programme
1.2.6 Unemployment rate
1.2.7 Frictional
unemployment
1.2.8 Underemployment
COLUMN B
A refers to when people work fewer hours or days than are
willing and able to work.
B the number of unemployed people divided the number of
people actively participating in the labour force.
C a policy that tries to reduce discrimination by ensuring
equal opportunity in employment.
D occurs when a person is between jobs, or is looking for a
job for the first time.
E is an insurance scheme that provides temporary income
for people who have lost their jobs.
F a situation in which members of the labour force are
without work, are available or suitable for work and are
seeking work, but are unable to find employment.
G uses labour-intensive methods to improve roads,
pipelines, water supply and sanitation, and to build houses,
schools, and clinics.
H is the result of cyclical changes or fluctuations in the
economy.
I occurs when the nature of the economy changes and the
skills of the labour force do not match the technology used in
the workplace.
(8 x 1) (8)
1.3 Provide the economic term/concept for each of the following descriptions. Write
only the term/concept next to the question number. No abbreviations will be
accepted.
1.3.1 Provides unemployment figures according to the narrow and broad definition of
unemployment.
1.3.2 A forced lay-off of employees by a firm, usually to cut down its payroll.
1.3.3 It occurs when a person is between jobs, or is looking for a job for the first time.
1.3.4 A situation in which members of the labour force are without work, are available or
suitable for work and are seeking work, but are unable to find employment.
1.3.5 Groups who find it difficult or impossible to participate in economic decisions and
activities.
(5 x 1) (5)
SECTION B
QUESTION 2:
HINT: When the question requires you to “list” or “name”, you need not write a
sentence but merely one or two words. This MUST be done in bullet form. This types
of questions are applicable for 2.1.1, 3.1.1 and 4.1.1
35 | P a g e
ECON GRD 10
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Name any TWO types of unemployment
(2 x 1) (2)
List any TWO causes of unemployment.
(2 x 1) (2)
Name any TWO approaches to solve unemployment.
(2 x 1) (2)
List any TWO objectives of the Public works programmes.
(2 x 1) (2)
List any TWO factors which contributed to groups of people being marginalised.
(2 x 1) (2)
QUESTION 3:
HINT: This types of questions are applicable for 2.1.2, 3.1.2 and 4.1.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
What is meant by an economically active population?
(1 x 2) (2)
How do public works programmes help in reducing the rate of unemployment in the
country?
(1 x 2) (2)
How do SMMEs contribute to creation of jobs?
(1 x 2) (2)
How can the government solve unemployment through fiscal policy?
(1 x 2) (2)
What is the relationship between technology and unemployment?
(1 x 2) (2)
DATA RESPONSE
HINT: All section B questions have TWO data interpretation questions – each total
10 marks. Section B consist of Questions 2-4 not as numbered in this document
QUESTION 4:
4.1 Study the cartoon below and answer the questions that follow
[Source: https://www.cartoonstock.co>directory]
4.1.1 Name ONE factor which causes unemployment.
(1)
4.1.2 Which institution provides statistical information for unemployment in South Africa?
(1)
4.1.3 Briefly explain the term unemployment.
(2)
4.1.4 Why should the government be concerned with the high unemployment rate in our
country?
(2)
36 | P a g e
ECON GRD 10
4.1.5 How can the government intervene to ensure participation of the marginalized groups in
the economy of the country?
(2x2) (4)
[10]
4.2 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow:
South Africa is in the grip of an unemployment crisis
The official unemployment rate has increased to 29% in 2Q 2019 (a QOQ rise
of 1.4% from 27.6% in 1Q 2019).
This represents the highest unemployment rate since 2003. The expanded
unemployment rate, which includes those who have given up looking for work,
now sits at 38.5% or 10.2 million people (the highest number ever in absolute
terms) …
[Source: Adapted from https://www.fin24.com/Opinion/sas-unemployment]
4.2.1 State the expanded unemployment rate released for Term 2, 2019.
4.2.2 Which institution releases the unemployment rate?
(1)
(1)
4.2.3
How is the unemployment rate measured?
(2)
4.2.4
Why is unemployment a problem in South Africa?
(2)
4.2.5
How can a long-term unemployment rate affect the economy?
(2x2) (4)
[10]
4.3 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow:
EXPANDED PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMME (EPWP)
The EPWP aims to create opportunities for the poor and vulnerable through labourintensive programmes by the government. They focus on the creation of infrastructure
and physical services, such as the clearing of plants.
Agreements with clear targets for each province and municipality, clarifying their
contributions towards the creation of the four million work opportunities, were signed
with all premiers and mayors.
[Adapted from: SA Yearbook, 2009/10]
4.3.1 Who is responsible for implementing the Public Works Programme?
(1)
4.3.2 Name ONE type of unemployment.
(1)
4.3.3 Briefly describe the term infrastructure.
(2)
4.3.4 What is meant by Public Works Programme?
(2)
4.3.5 How does the Public Works Programme achieve poverty relief?
(4)
[10]
37 | P a g e
ECON GRD 10
4.4 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow.
MARGINALISED GROUPS: RIGHT TO EDUCATION
The right to education is universal and does not allow for any form of exclusion
or discrimination. However, all countries face challenges guaranteeing equal
opportunities for all in accessing education and within education systems.
Marginalised groups are often left behind by national educational policies,
denying many people their right to education.
Non-discrimination and equality are key human rights that apply to the right to
education. States have the obligation to implement these principles at national
level. National laws can prohibit discrimination and create an environment
enabling greater equity. Furthermore, affirmative action and promotional
measures are often necessary in order to eliminate existing inequalities and
disparities in education.
[Source: Right to Education Initiative ©2018]
4.4.1 Name ONE example of marginalised groups.
(1)
4.4.2 Which redress policies/programmes are used by the South African government to assist
the marginalised groups?
(1)
4.4.3 Briefly describe the term economically marginalised groups.
(2)
4.4.4 Why do economically marginalised groups exist?
(2)
4.4.5 How can the government reduce the vulnerability of economically marginalised groups,
using supply side policies?
(2 x 2) (4)
[10]
HINT: All section B questions have TWO 8 marks questions, numbered according to
questions not like in this document.
QUESTION 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
Distinguish between seasonal unemployment and structural unemployment.
(8)
Differentiate between frictional unemployment and seasonal unemployment.
(8)
Distinguish between cyclical unemployment and classical unemployment.
(8)
Discuss the economic costs of unemployment.
(8)
Discuss the social costs of unemployment.
(8)
Discuss public works programmes and unemployment insurance as methods to combat
unemployment.
(8)
QUESTION 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
Paragraph type questions – Middle Cognitive
Paragraph type questions – Higher cognitive
What is the impact of unemployment on individuals?
(8)
Analyse RSA’s strategies to redress the issue of unemployment.
(8)
Argue in favour and against public works programmes as one of the approaches to
solve unemployment
(8)
How can the government solve unemployment through monetary policy?
(8)
How can the supply-side approach stimulate job creation?
(8)
Propose ways which can be used to solve economic marginalisation.
(8)
Why are certain groups of people economically marginalised in South Africa?
(8)
38 | P a g e
ECON GRD 10
SECTION C
HINT: All section C questions have TWO questions 5 & 6 NOT like in this document. In the
examination you will need to answer only one.
ESSAY STRUCTURE
HINT: Section C – the long question, must be answered in FOUR sections: Introduction (definition),
Body (headings and full sentences in bullets) additional part and conclusion (summarising). The mark
allocations for Section C is as follows:
MARK
STRUCTURE OF ESSAY:
ALLOCATION:
Introduction
Max 2
The introduction is a lower-order response.
 A good starting point would be to the main concept related to the question
topic
 Do not include any part of the question in your introduction.
 Do not repeat any part of the introduction in the body
 Avoid saying in the introduction what you are going to discuss in the body
Body:
Main part: Discuss in detail/ In-depth discussion/ Examine/ Critically discuss/
Max 26
Analyse / Compare/ Distinguish/ Differentiate/ Explain/ Evaluate
Additional part: Give own opinion/ Critically discuss/ Evaluate/ Critically
evaluate/ Draw a graph and explain/ Use the graph given and explain/ Complete
Max 10
the given graph/ Calculate/ Deduce/ Compare/ Explain Distinguish / Interpret/
Briefly debate/ How/ Suggest
Conclusion
Any Higher or conclusion include:
Max 2
 A brief summary of what has been discussed without repeating facts already
mentioned in the body
 Any opinion or value judgement on the facts discussed Additional support
information to strengthen the discussion/analysis
 A contradictory viewpoint with motivation, if required
Recommendations
TOTAL
40
QUESTION 7

Discuss in detail the impact of unemployment on the economy and individuals.
(26)

How can the government solve unemployment through a sound monetary and
fiscal policy?
39 | P a g e
ECON GRD 10
(10)
[40]