RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
An Accessible and Inclusive Public Transportation Management Response
Research Title
to COVID-19 through a Co-creation Process with People with Disability.
The Case of Metro Barcelona
Author/s
Monica Cerdan Chiscano , Simon Darcy
Journal
Research in Transportation Business & Management,
Publication, Page Volume 45, Part C,
Numbers, Issue
2022,
Number, Volume
100880,
Number,
ISSN 2210-5395,
Publication Year
Problem
- A more inclusive pandemic response to address the challenges coming
Statement
from the impact of COVID-19 on PWD in public transport settings
- This study aimed to answer the call for further research on
resources for restoring accessibility in public transport amidst the
COVID-19 pandemic and any future pandemics to ensure equal
access to public transport. It also used the co-design process
framework to empirically test the value of the imposed service
innovations with reference made to changed implemented by the
Objectives
transport operator TMB in Barcelona, Spain.
- Study 1 aimed to explore how exclusively digital resources
contributed to the creation of value in PWD’s accessible Metro
experience.
- Study 2 aimed to explore how the combination of digital and nondigital resources contributed to the creation of value in PWD’s
accessible Metro experience
- A qualitative methodology was employed that incorporated online focus
Methods
groups, ethnographic techniques and post-experience surveys with
participants
- Study 2 indicted better outcomes and explained how ensuring the
Results
appropriate combination of digital and non-digital resource allocation
for PWD can improve the public transport experience.
- a combination of digital and non-digital resources provided by transport
operators increases PWD’s perception of safety and accessibility.
- it is found that it is essential for operators to provide trained staff to
Conclusion
offer real-time assistance to PWD when digitalization fails and to apply
universal design before digital innovations are implemented. When this
is done correctly, PWD will perceive an increase in accessibility
1
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Transport equity in Sri Lanka: Experiences linked to Disability and Older
Research Title
Age
Varuni Tennakoon, Janine Wiles, Roshini Peiris-John, Rajitha
Author/s
Wickremasinghe, Bridget Kool, Shanthi Ameratunga
Journal
Journal of Transport & Health,
Publication, Page
Volume 18,
Numbers, Issue
2020,
Number, Volume
100913,
Number,
ISSN 2214-1405,
Publication Year
Problem
- Accessibility of transportation amongst older people and people living
Statement
with disabilities living in low-and-middle-income countries.
- This research aims to understand the barriers and facilitators for safe
ad accessible transportation from the standpoint of older people and
Objectives
people living with disabilities who are residents in an urban area or Sri
Lanka.
- The community-based qualitative research study involved eight focus
group discussions conducted among older people (60 years and
above) and people living with disabilities (physical, sensory, learning
impairment; aged 12 years and above) in the Colombo district, Sri
Methods
Lanka. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.
- Focused group discussions and used semi-structured question prompts
as stimuli to obtain information about individual expressions and
interpersonal conversations.
Results
Conclusion
The transport challenges perceived by the participants were multifaceted and often interrelated. Barriers identified were embedded in the
built environment and transport infrastructure, such as poorly designed
road systems and public vehicles, unsatisfactory services, lack of
representation in road development programs, reduced opportunities
for meaningful participation in the society and negative attitude of the
general public, thus limiting safe and accessible transportation.
The study’s findings indicate the need for a national policy and
legislative reforms that prioritize age- and disability -inclusive transport
systems and infrastructure, and accessible and affordable transport
modes in Sri Lanka
2
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Transport Infrastructure of a “Smart City” in the Focus of Disability
Research Title
Author/s
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Elmira Naberushkina, Ekaterina Voevodina, Dmitry Raidugin
Transportation Research Procedia,
Volume 63,
2022,
Pages 2378-2384,
ISSN 2352-1465
-
Problem
Statement
Objectives
Methods
-
Results
-
Conclusion
The basic social requirements for transport infrastructure are: meeting
the needs of the population in transport services, adaptation of the
transport infrastructure to solve every day social problems, reduction of
labor costs, and attractiveness of the transport infrastructure for
specialists.
The article is devoted to the study of the transport accessibility of the
metropolis in the context of the problem of disability, and also includes
a discussion of the concept of a "smart city" and the public opinion of
people with disabilities about living in Moscow.
A study was conducted in November 2020 on 103 people with
disabilities in Moscow, aged 15 to 39, using an online survey on the
Google platform.
The data of the Federal State Statistics Service shows that public
transport is the main means of transportation for people with
disabilities, and for 27% they do not use transport.
13.1% of disabled people in Russia cannot use urban public transport
and are forced to use more expensive modes of transport.
For more than half of people with limited mobility, the city remains an
inconvenient, poorly organized and ill-conceived space for the
movement of people with disabilities.
People with disabilities assessed the accessibility of transport
infrastructure in Moscow and found that ground low-floor transport, the
Moscow Central Circle, new Moscow diameters and newly
commissioned branches and metro stations are more accessible.
3
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
The Experiences and Needs of Persons With Disabilities in Using
Research Title
Paratransit Services
Selina Marita Egger, Armin Gemperli, Martina Filippo, Ronald Liechti,
Author/s
Brigitte Elisabeth Gantschnig
Journal
Disability and Health Journal,
Publication, Page
Volume 15, Issue 4,
Numbers, Issue
2022,
Number, Volume
101365,
Number,
ISSN 1936-6574
Publication Year
- To ensure equality of transportation for persons with disabilities and
without disabilities, more knowledge is needed on how persons with
Problem
disabilities experience paratransit services. This article seeks to
Statement
answer the following research question: What are experiences of
persons with disabilities in using paratransit services?
- Paratransit services are an alternative to public transportation for
persons with disabilities in Switzerland. The need for these services is
Objectives
individual for each person and depends on different facilitating factors
(e.g., habits, health condition, activities, safety, accessibility, service)
and barriers (e.g., costs, weather conditions).
- This current study used five focus group discussions to explore the
experience of persons with disabilities in using paratransit services.
- The researchers recruited 27 participants with disabilities and 4
participants from the immediate environment of persons with
disabilities through e-Mail or telephone, snowball sampling, contacting
paratransit services, personal contacts to persons with disabilities, or
Methods
gatekeepers in elderly homes, therapists, care and residential homes,
or foundations.
- The researchers conducted five focus group discussions in July and
October 2021 with people with disabilities, then used an online
conference and meeting tool, and provided practice sessions, and
other people received support from their therapists, social workers or
relatives.
- Participants experienced paratransit services as important to enable
participation in different life areas.
- Participants indicated that using paratransit saved them time and
energy. They experienced that using paratransit was easier and more
convenient than using public transport, and that it saved them from
missing connections, cancelations, and delays.
- Some participants prefer using public transportation compared to
Results
paratransit services, because they feel part of the society and can
travel with others in the same vehicle. However, they feel restricted in
self-determination the more they depend on others.
- The results of this study revealed that the participants experienced
changes in their health status and subsequent restrictions as
challenging. However, they would most appreciate the new won
spontaneity if they had any possibility and free choice of using
transportation.
- Participants' use and experiences with paratransit are highly individual.
Conclusion
The federalist system in Switzerland supports a local and cultural
4
-
embedment, but results in difficulties for participants to carry out
meaningful activities.
The results of this study show that participants would use paratransit
services more if no restriction existed. They would also prefer to have
more flexibility and spontaneity, self-determination, and autonomy in
relation to transportation.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Wheelchair Accessibility of Urban Rail Systems: Some Preliminary
Research Title
Findings of a Global Overview
Amanda Fernandes Ferreira, Aline Damaceno Leite, Lorena de Freitas
Author/s
Pereira, Juliana Muniz de Jesus Neves, Mirian Greiner de Oliveira
Pinheiro, S.K. Jason Chang
Journal
IATSS Research,
Publication, Page
Volume 45, Issue 3,
Numbers, Issue
2021,
Number, Volume
Pages 326-335,
Number,
ISSN 0386-1112
Publication Year
- A literature review was conducted to identify similar studies, but the
Problem
most complete repository available in English about urban rail systems
Statement
around the world was still missing information about accessibility for
wheelchair users.
- This article presents an overview of the wheelchair accessibility status
in the urban rail systems around the world, through the collection and
Objectives
evaluation of information available at the systems' official websites and
discusses some historical events that may help explain the location of
the urban rail systems in the world.
- A literature review was performed to identify historical events that may
have contributed to the current accessibility status of the world urban
rail systems.
- Descriptive statistics is used in the analysis phase of many studies in
the transport research field, to categorize and describe data, and to
convert the information into an accurate and objective defined value that
can be straightforwardly manipulated, interpreted, and compared.
Methods
- Data collected for this study was processed using descriptive statistics
and a Likert-Scale format, which led to the creation of seven classes for
analysis (0% - "Without Accessibility", 0.1 to 20% - "Poor", 20.1 to 40% "Unsatisfactory")
- The classification of urban rail systems was performed based on
historical and geographical context. The information collected was
grouped by cities, countries and regions as proposed by the United
Nations.
- In recent decades, urban rail systems have expanded rapidly, especially
in Asia-Pacific. In Europe, 85% of urban rail systems were established
before 2000.
Results
- The rapid urbanization and economic growth that occurred in Asia and
particularly in China, combined with the adoption of the United Nations
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2006,
5
-
-
Conclusion
-
have improved the accessibility levels of urban rail systems for
wheelchair users.
The accessibility of urban rail stations improved over the last two
decades as social awareness of the requirements of people with
disabilities increased and the demand from people with disabilities to
have equal access to all facilities increased. In 1970, 52% of the
stations in the metro systems were declared to be fully accessible. Even
though some systems were built long before accessibility became a
public concern, they can still be renovated and readapted.
This study has shown that Eastern Asia, Western Europe and Northern
America together account for more than half of the world's total
systems, but that the level of accessibility of those systems varies in
each specific region, country or even among cities in the same country.
Important historical milestones such as the two world wars, the
Declaration of Human Rights, the International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health, and the recent massive urbanization
have contributed to improvements in the general accessibility of the
systems.
RE SEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Development of Planning Support System for Welfare Urban Design –
Research Title
Optimal Route Finding for Wheelchair Users
Author/s
Yoshie Inada, Shinobu Izumi, Motoya Koga, Shigehito Matsubara
Journal
Procedia Environmental Sciences,
Publication, Page
Volume 22,
Numbers, Issue
2014,
Number, Volume
Pages 61-69,
Number,
ISSN 1878-0296
Publication Year
- The problems discussed in the document include the lack of
participation of persons with disabilities in urban design, the lack of
theorized planning schemes, and the inefficiency of renovation plans
due to a lack of knowledge and preliminary verification. Additionally, the
Problem
problems faced by wheelchair users in the city center were examined,
Statement
including difficulties in passing pedestrians, getting on and off the
pavement at intersections, and prioritizing roads with a view of the
location of interest. The survey conducted included various factors
such as street dimensions, paving materials, presence of obstacles,
and poor maintenance points.
- Evaluate Planning Support System for Welfare Urban Design, with
focus on Prototype System for route information.
- Understand factors considered by people with disabilities in urban
mobility and integrate their route preferences into the system.
Objectives
- Collected data on slope, incline direction, street parking, surface
condition, street dimensions, paving materials, presence of obstacles,
maintenance issues, accessibility features like braille blocks, and other
urban elements such as trees, lamp posts, and traffic signs.
6
-
Methods
-
Results
Conclusion
The survey employed various methods, including measuring cross
slope, incline direction, street parking, and surface smoothness.
Muscle action potential on the dominant arm was also measured using
an electromyograph. Workshops were conducted to evaluate the
Planning Support System for Welfare Urban Design, focusing on the
challenges faced by wheelchair users in the city center and
determining optimal routes. Evaluation criteria considered factors like
road width, car traffic, surface condition, presence of roofs or eaves,
and more. Additionally, a thorough survey of selected streets gathered
information on width, paving materials, obstacles, and related aspects.
Pairwise comparison was used to calculate the weights for each
evaluation criterion.
The survey revealed that wheelchair users consider several factors
when choosing routes, such as road width, traffic (cars and bicycles),
street parking, surface condition, presence of roofs or eaves, slopes,
cross slopes, steps, braille blocks, grating, street signs, and lighting.
Using 8 evaluation criteria helped identify a route that closely aligned
with the user's preferences compared to the least demanding route
based on muscle activity. However, only a few segments matched
between the user and optimal routes, prompting a detailed qualitative
assessment. Additionally, other important factors included ease of
passing pedestrians, accessibility at intersections, and prioritizing
roads with a good view of the intended destination.
The conclusion of the survey is that wheelchair users consider factors
other than physical burden when selecting a route, such as width of the
road and car traffic. There was no consensus among the participants,
and only a part of the user route coincided with the optimal route. It is
important to consider not only the physical burden but also the
psychological burden when selecting a route.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Assessment of Social and Transport Mobility for Persons with Severe
Research Title
Impairments in Urban Environment
Sergey Kokhan, Luiza Nadeina, Asylbek Eshiev, Oskon Osmonov, Kasiet
Author/s
Musabayeva
Journal
Transportation Research Procedia,
Publication, Page
Volume 63,
Numbers, Issue
2022,
Number, Volume
Pages 656-663,
Number,
ISSN 2352-1465
Publication Year
- People with disabilities from low -mobility groups of population and
totally blind, to a greater extent suffer from existing transport obstacles
in their mobility compared to people with disabilities with other
Problem
nosological forms of diseases. The existing restrictions also affect the
Statement
ability to travel independently by personal transport. Accessible public
transport will improve the opportunities for persons with disabilities to
fully benefit from the social benefits provided by the state.
7
Objectives
-
Methods
-
Results
-
Conclusion
The objectives of the study mentioned in the conversation were to
compare the effectiveness of measures taken to improve urban
transport infrastructure and to monitor the accessibility of public
transport for people with disabilities.
The methods used in the study mentioned in the conversation included
analysis, systematization, and generalization of foreign and all-Russian
experience, questionnaires, and interviews through surveys, ranking,
grouping, and statistical processing of data. The comparative
questionnaire was conducted using the Google Forms system, with
auditory presentation for the blind and increased font size for visually
impaired individuals. The statistical processing of the results was done
using the STATISTICA 10.0 software package.
The results of the study mentioned in the conversation include: Positive developments in the accessibility of public transport over the
last five years. - Improved public transport performance by 2.6 times in
2020 through organized monitoring of compliance with the timetable. Decrease in the number of high curbs that make it difficult for
wheelchair users and persons with limited mobility to use buses safely.
- Decrease in the number of unequipped pedestrian paths to public
transport stops. - Increase in equipped, accessible, and safe
pedestrian paths from the road. - Significant changes in the indicators
of equipped, regulated, with sound alarms and timed road
intersections. - Increase in the availability of equipped stops. - The
problem of boarding people with limited mobility and the blind to public
transport remains urgent. - The level of accessibility of public transport
is still extremely low.
The conclusions of the study mentioned in the conversation are that
there have been positive trends in the formation of an accessible
transport environment, but there are still challenges and
inconsistencies in ensuring the development of accessible
infrastructure for people with low-mobility and the blind. There is a lack
of interdepartmental interaction, inconsistent actions by authorities, and
insufficient accessibility in transport interchanges, buses, stops, and
intersections. The availability of public transport has increased in
central districts, but there are still issues in remote microdistricts and
on the outskirts of the city.
8
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Research Title
Equity of Access to Uber's Wheelchair Accessible Service
Author/s
Amir Hassanpour, Alexander Bigazzi, Don MacKenzie
Journal
Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,
Publication, Page
Volume 89,
Numbers, Issue
2021,
Number, Volume
101688,
Number,
ISSN 0198-9715
Publication Year
- The problem discussed is the potential barriers people with disabilities
encounter in accessing ridesourcing services, particularly UberWAV,
which is Uber's wheelchair accessible service. The article emphasizes
the need to evaluate the equity of access to UberWAV to ensure that
Problem
individuals from vulnerable population groups can enjoy equal
Statement
economic and social opportunities. The study's goal is to assess
UberWAV's performance in providing accessible rides for people with
disabilities and uncover any potential access barriers, especially for
individuals facing intersecting dimensions of privilege like income and
race.
- Evaluate equity performance of UberWAV:
- Analyze temporal and spatial distribution of availability and
accessibility in comparison to UberX.
- Compare UberWAV in Portland to city code:
Objectives
- Assess availability, wait time, and price against local requirements.
- Evaluate performance measures for UberX and UberWAV:
- Assess against four criteria for spatial equality and equity related to
income, race, and mobility needs of the residential population.
- Extracted and analyzed Uber's API data in Portland (Jan-May 2018).
- Used WPA and WETA to assess UberX and UberWAV availability and
accessibility.
- Considered neighborhood income and racial composition to analyze
access patterns.
Methods
- Conducted regression analysis, controlling spatial correlation, to
identify potential disparities.
- Compared UberWAV's metrics with Portland's city code requirements.
- Evaluated UberX and UberWAV performance against four criteria for
spatial equality and equity based on income, race, and neighborhood
mobility needs.
- - Study notes differences: UberX widely available, while UberWAV had
lower demand-weighted availability (62%) and much longer ETA (19
mins, nearly 5 times UberX). Both services similarly accessible
concerning income, race, especially in areas with more people with
Results
ambulatory disabilities. However, inequality significant for WAV users
compared to UberX, uniformly distributed in Portland. Raises concern
about potential service bias: UberX drivers more likely to cancel rides
with stereotypically African-American names, indicating potential
discrimination issues.
- Study found UberX widely accessible, but UberWAV had a lower
availability (62%) and significantly longer average ETA (19 mins,
Conclusion
almost five times that of UberX). There's notable inequality for WAV
users compared to UberX users in Portland, evenly distributed across
9
the city. Urges future research with direct input from disabled
individuals for a comprehensive understanding beyond availability and
waiting time, aiding in creating more equitable transportation systems.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Transport accessibility for wheelchair users: A qualitative analysis of
Research Title
inclusion and health
Author/s
Raquel Velho
Journal
International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology,
Publication, Page
Volume 8, Issue 2,
Numbers, Issue
2019,
Number, Volume
Pages 103-115,
Number,
ISSN 2046-0430,
Publication Year
- Identified barriers for wheelchair users in London's public transport:
physical (e.g., broken ramps) and social (e.g., priority debates,
uncooperative drivers).
Problem
- These barriers hinder accessibility, potentially causing social exclusion
Statement
and reducing quality of life for wheelchair users.
- Additionally, the study emphasized the broader impact on the transport
system, contributing to delays and inefficiencies.
- Explore experiences of wheelchair users in London's public transport
system.
- Identify barriers faced and strategies used by wheelchair users to
overcome these challenges.
- Highlight the impact of barriers on wheelchair users, including access
Objectives
and social inclusion issues.
- Consider the implications of wheelchair users' responses to barriers for
the transport system.
- Emphasize the need for enhanced accessibility in public transport to
enhance the quality of life and opportunities for disabled individuals,
especially wheelchair users.
- Utilized qualitative analysis with in-depth interviews (20 wheelchair
users) on London's public transport.
- Thematic analysis of transcribed interviews identified prevalent barriers
and coping mechanisms.
Methods
- Incorporated participant observation to understand physical and social
obstacles faced by wheelchair users.
- Framed passengers' choices and experiences, illuminating effective
barrier navigation strategies.
- The study underscores persistent challenges faced by wheelchair
users despite accessibility efforts by Transport for London. These
hurdles are categorized into physical barriers like broken ramps and
inaccessible stations, and social barriers involving priority debates and
Results
uncooperative drivers. The ramifications of these barriers extend to the
lives of wheelchair users, impacting their access and social inclusion,
and influence the efficiency of the entire transport system, causing
delays and inefficiencies. Despite these challenges, wheelchair users
have devised coping strategies, including careful journey planning,
10
Conclusion
seeking assistance from fellow passengers, and advocating for their
rights, demonstrating resilience and determination to surmount these
obstacles for a more inclusive travel experience.
The study highlights persistent barriers for wheelchair users in
London's public transport despite accessibility efforts by Transport for
London. These barriers, affecting both accessibility and transport
efficiency, emphasize the urgent need for improved provisions and
further research to enhance the quality of life and opportunities for
wheelchair users.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
The Mobility of People with Disability: Between Urban Accessibility and
Research Title
Urban Attractiveness. A Case Study from Algiers, Algeria
Author/s
Chems Eddine Hacini, Yassine Bada and Christian Pihet
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
International review for spatial planning and sustainable development A:
Number, Volume
Planning Strategies and Design Concepts Vol.10 No.2 (2022)
Number,
Publication Year
- In Algeria, people with disabilities often struggle with the inaccessibility
of cities. These problems are related to accessibility and physical
Problem
barriers in the urban environment and have a negative impact on the
Statement
lives of people with disabilities, who are prevented from carrying out
daily tasks and from moving freely in attractive and desirable places.
- Examine the correlation between the accessibility and attractiveness of
Objectives
public spaces for people with disabilities
- In-site survey in Algiers' city center,
examining how individuals with disabilities utilize public spaces.
Methods
- Used space syntax techniques and depthMapX software to describe
the study case, revealing Algiers' public space accessibility and factors
affecting the mobility of those with physical disabilities.
- The study reveals that people with disabilities lack optimal travel
choices, and that their movements are determined by the physical
Results
accessibility of the space, rather than by its attractiveness and/or
usefulness.
- The social inclusion of people with disabilities requires the creation of a
city that is accessible and attractive to all.
- Accessibility Plan must take into account the chain of mobility. This
means including spaces for leisure, consumption and sports, work, and
Conclusion
other necessities, as well as the paths that connect these spaces in a
chain of mobility.
- The aim is to achieve universal accessibility in both directions for all
users and all areas of use.
11
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Research Title
Accessibility for Persons with Mobility Impairment at Bus Stops
Author/s
Z M Utari and N R Kusuma (2021)
Journal
Publication, Page
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 673,
Numbers, Issue
The 3rd International Conference on Smart City Innovation 5-6 August
Number, Volume
2020, Bali, Indonesi
Number,
Publication Year
- The bus stop is one of the public transportation facilities that is aimed
Problem
to meet the mobility needs of all people in public spaces. In Kampung
Statement
Melayu TransJakarta Bus Stop, many people with disabilities still find it
challenging to access these facility.
- The purpose of this scientific paper is to identify the application of
Objectives
accessibility to meet the mobility needs of persons with disabilities in
public transportation facilities.
- Qualitative analytical method by conducting a literature study and study
Methods
on Kampung Melayu TransJakarta Bus Stop.
- The access element provided at Kampung Melayu TransJakarta Bus
Stop is currently not sufficiently qualified and accessible for all users.
Results
- Melayu TransJakarta Bus Stop still lacks the availability of access
elements (dimensions, surface, lighting, orientation, and signage) for
satisfying mobility.
- Meeting the mobility needs of persons with disabilities can be done by
paying attention to availability of several elements of public
transportation facilities access with the provisions of the five variables
Conclusion
in it (dimensions, surface, lighting, orientation, and signage) to improve
accessibility and mobility of people with disabilities in Kampung
Melayu TransJakarta Bus Stop
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Factors affecting personal autonomy and perceived accessibility of people
Research Title
with mobility impairments in an urban transportation choice context
Author/s
Luis Márquez, Juan C. Poveda, Luis A. Vega
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Journal of Transport and Health 14 (2019) 100583
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Problem
In City of Tunja, Colombia, the mobility of people with impairments is
Statement
affected due to limited inclusive urban transportation system.
- Examine the factors affecting personal autonomy and perceived
accessibility of people with mobility impairments.
Objectives
- Add to the existing knowledge base on urban transportation
preferences for people with mobility impairments through integrating
tangible and latent attributes in a discrete choice model.
12
Methods
-
Results
-
-
Conclusion
-
Researchers conducted a survey consisted of a three-part face-toface questionnaire
Part 1: Discrete choice experiment
Part 2: Rating latent variable indicators
Part 3: Reporting socioeconomic characteristics
Utilized a hybrid discrete choice (HDC) model
People with mobility restrictions choose a mode of transport, they
take into account their personal
autonomy and the perceived accessibility of the transportation
system.
Wheelchair users perceive less accessibility, the same goes for
transit dependents, people with mobility impairments caused by
aging and people who live in lower-income households.
People with mobility impairments in Tunja prefer, taxi, wheelchairaccessible taxi, paratransit, and bus.
With respect to personal autonomy, given its interaction with the
cost of travel, the results of the HDC model suggest that people who
feel greater personal autonomy are more sensitive to cost. This
leads to a lower willingness to pay and, therefore, greater flexibility
to change mode as costs increase, which makes a lot of sense.
The fact is that there are differences even among people with
mobility impairments that authorities should take into account in
order to propose policies properly aligned with the needs of the
people.
The heterogeneity demonstrated through perceived accessibility
showed that people with mobility impairments caused by aging
generally perceive less accessibility of the system than other
people.
Certain set of available transportation alternatives, in addition to
traditional tangible attributes, such as waiting times, travel times and
urban transportation costs, there are latent factors affecting
choosing a transportation mode of people.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Rapid assessment of disability in the Philippines: understanding
Research Title
prevalence,well-being, and access to the community for people with
disabilities to inform theW-DARE project
Manjula Marella, Alexandra Devine, Graeme Ferdinand Armecin, Jerome
Author/s
Zayas, Ma Jesusa Marco and Cathy Vaughan
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Population Health Metrics (2016) p1-11
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
People with disabilities face all forms of discrimination and exclusion
Problem
from the social, cultural, political, and economic life of their
Statement
communities. Given the current global agenda for disability
inclusion(Global Goals for Sustainable Development (SDGs) 2015–
13
Objectives
-
Methods
-
-
Results
-
-
-
Conclusion
-
2030) , it is crucial to increase the understanding of the situation of
people with disabilities in the Philippines.
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of disability.
Compare the well-being and access to the community between
people with and without disabilities.
Population-based survey conducted in District 2 of Quezon City and
Ligao City.
Sampling method involved 60 clusters, each containing 50
individuals aged 18 and older.
Probability proportion to size sampling was used in selecting
participants from both locations.
The Rapid Assessment of Disability (RAD) survey was utilized to
identify individuals with disabilities, focusing on their activity
limitations.
Comparison was made between people with disabilities and control
groups, matched by age, gender, and cluster.
Prevalence of disability: Quezon City: 6.8% (95% CI: 5.9, 7.9), Ligao
City: 13.6% (95% CI: 11.4, 16.2).
Psychological distress was the most commonly reported condition in
both locations.
Often, psychological distress was reported alongside co-morbid
conditions related to sensory, physical, cognitive, and
communication difficulties.
Factors associated with the prevalence of disability: Age and no
schooling were associated with a higher prevalence of disability.
Poverty was not found to be associated with disability.
People with disabilities had lower well-being scores and faced
reduced access to various essential services: Health services,
Employment opportunities, Rehabilitation, Education, Government
social welfare, and etc.
Having a disability and negative family attitudes were reported as
barriers for people with disabilities participating in work, community
meetings, religious activities, and social activities.
The prevalence of disability among adults in District 2 ofQuezon City
and in Ligao City is higher than the estimatednational prevalence of
disability derived from the 2010Philippines census.
Disability is more prevalent amongolder respondents and those who
had little or no education.
Psychosocial disability and psychological distress amongpeople with
other forms of disability are rarely measured and are therefore not
addressed in national efforts to in-crease disability inclusion in lowand middle-income countries.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Public Transport Accessibility for People With Disabilities: Protocol for a
Research Title
Scoping Review
Claudel R Mwaka, MSc,1,2 Krista L Best, PhD,1,2 Stéphanie Gamache,
Author/s
PhD,1 Martine Gagnon, MSI,3 and François Routhier, PhD
Journal
JMIR Research Protocol
Publication, Page Vols. 1 to 12; 2012 to 2023JMIR Research Protocol
14
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Vols. 1 to 12; 2012 to 2023
Problem
Statement
-
Objectives
Methods
Results
Conclusion
People with disabilities may encounter barriers or facilitators in the
whole travel chain that can lead to negative or positive perceptions in
terms of self-efficacy or satisfaction
This scoping review aims to describe the barriers and facilitators to the
use of PT experienced by people with various disabilities in the whole
travel chain and to explore perceived experiences, self-efficacy, and
satisfaction when using PT.
A scoping review will be conducted using Arksey and O’Malley’s
framework and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping
Reviews) checklist.
The findings will be synthesized narratively to summarize the barriers
and facilitators to PT, perceived experiences with PT, self-efficacy for
using PT, and satisfaction with PT according to the Human
Development Model-Disability Creation Process conceptual framework
The results of this scoping review could lead to a better understanding
of the potential barriers and facilitators to the use of PT by people with
various types of disabilities and how negative or positive experiences
throughout the travel may influence their self-efficacy and satisfaction
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
ANALYSIS OF TRANSIT ACCESSIBILITY FOR PEOPLE WITH
Research Title
DISABILITIES
Author/s
Rostam Khalid Mohammed Ameen Qatra
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Analysis of Transit Accessibility for People with Disabilities" (2016).
Number, Volume
Master's Theses. 742. Page.1 to 184
Number,
Publication Year
- Inconvenient public transit systems in the United States of America has
Problem
impeded personal mobility and resulted in the use of private
Statement
automobiles, instead of the use of public transit.
- The significant goal of this research was to evaluate how individuals with
Objectives
impaired physical mobility access their jobs and reach these
destinations
- This chapter describes the methodology of measuring job accessibility
by transit.
Methods
- There are two scenarios: one for people without a disability and the other
for people with reduced physical mobility
- Overall, the vital benefits of this improvement were shown in the
solution of percentage reduction for three sectors, such as number of
Results
job opportunities that can be reached, average of summation of job
network access, and number of boarding.
15
Conclusion
This study has put forward new techniques such as OTP and GTFS
tools used with other public datasets to measure walking and transit
accessibility to job destinations.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Transportation challenges for persons aging with mobility disability:
Research Title
Qualitative insights and policy implication in s
Elena T. Remillard MS a, Margaret L. Campbell PhD b, Lyndsie M. Koon
Author/s
PhD c, Wendy A. Rogers PhD
Journal
Publication, Page
Disability and Health Journal
Numbers, Issue
Volume 15, Issue 1, 2015.
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
- Persons aging with mobility disability (PAwMD) experience
Problem
transportation barriers, which can hinder their ability to fully participate
Statement
in society
- To assess individual-level transportation challenges, we conducted inObjectives
depth, structured interviews with sixty older adult participants with selfidentified mobility disabilities for at least 10 years.
- This paper presents detailed insights on transportation challenges
experienced by PAwMD along with recent Federal programmatic
Methods
initiatives designed to enhance access and mobility for transportation
for older adults and people with disabilities.
- Participants reported challenges utilizing public and private modes of
Results
transportation, related to availability; accessibility; safety; advanced
planning; as well as societal attitudes
- Findings highlight the complexity of federal transportation policies and
programmatic initiatives designed to support older adults and people
Conclusion
with disabilities, which contribute to implementation barriers and
transportation challenges
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Investigating the needs of people with disabilities to ride public transport
Research Title
routes involving transfers
Author/s
Jun Park, Subeh Chowdhury
Journal
Publication, Page
Journal of Public Transportation
Numbers, Issue
Volume 24.2022. 10010
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Problem
-People with disabilities face different challenges when riding public
Statement
transport
16
Objectives
Methods
-This study aims to improve the lives of people with disabilities by
providing them with independence in transport mobility and access to
opportunities
 Researches conduct a questionnaire and interviews to the people
with disabilities to know what are the challenges when riding public
transport.

The results showed that PT users with disabilities are more sensitive
to travel time savings compared to PT users without disabilities.
However, those who currently ride a direct route were less sensitive
to travel time savings than those who currently make a transfer

With globally more public transport (PT) systems becoming
multimodal and integrated, the focus for efficiency and improvement
has been predominantly based on the needs of PT users without
disabilities. The present study explores the needs of people with
disabilities to use integrated systems, particularly their need for
transfer times.
Results
Conclusion
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Assessment of Mobility of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Cainta, Rizal
Research Title
1. Justine Brylle Pajarin,Conrad Matthew Soriano, Jose Regin Regidor
Author/s
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Problem
Statement
Philippine Transportation Journal
Vol. 1, No. 1. 2014

Objectives

The researchers determined from these methods (questionnaire and
interview) that the respondents gave more importance to safety than
the other factors affecting mobility. Common problems encountered
in using transportation vehicles and facilities were also enumerate

Results from the survey show that both PWDs and non-PWDs most
consider safety among the other factors that affect their
mobility.Furthermore, there is a difference between the PWDs and
non-PWDs’ choice of transportation vehicle and facility

The findings of the study determine the different issues that impede
the mobility of PWDs in Cainta, Rizal.The problems mostly
Methods
Results
Conclusion
People with disabilities having difficulty with the existing
transportation system
This study was conducted in order to improve the quality of
transportation,encompassing every citizen of the country especially
PWDs.
17
experienced by PWDs, compared to non-PWDs, are related to
absence of ramps and markings on transportation facilities and their
difficulty of boarding.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Shared mobility services: an accessibility assessment from the perspective
of people with disabilities
Research Title
Anna Goralzik, Alxendra Konig, Tally Hatzakis
Author/s
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Goralzik et al. European Transport Research Review (2022) vol. 14:34
Problem
Statement

Objectives

Methods

Using an online mobility survey, we sampled disabled users’ (1)
views on accessibility, (2) use intention, and (3) suggestions for
improving accessibility.
The results reflect the responses of 553 individuals with different
types of disabilities from 21 European countries

Projected accessibility and use intention were greatest for
microtransit, robotaxis, and ride pooling across different disabilities.
In contrast, motorbike taxis, e-scooter sharing, and bike sharing
were viewed as least accessible and least attractive to use,
especially by persons with physical, visual, and multiple disabilities.

Our findings highlight the need for improving both vehicles and
service designs to cater for the access needs of persons with
disabilities and provide policymakers with recommendations for the
design of accessible mobility solutions.
Results
Conclusion
A lack of accessibility of transport hinders people with diferent types
of disabilities and health problems from using mobility services,
afecting their quality of life.
It is aim to improve the accesibility of shared mobility services for
the people with disabilities.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Accessibility for All in Public Transport and the
Research Title
Overlooked (Social) Dimension—A Case Study
of Stockholm
18
1. Vanessa Stjernborg
Author/s
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Problem
Statement
Objectives
Methods
Results
Conclusion
Sustainability 2019, 11, 4902; doi:10.3390/su11184902
The people with disability of stockholm struggling on public
transport.
 This paper aims to provide an overview of the character of complaints
concerning accessibility left to a public transport provider in
Stockholm, Sweden. A qualitative content analysis was conducted in
order to gain a deeper knowledge about (a) what travellers
experience as barriers in public transport
- and (b) why they experience them as barriers.
 The empirical material consists of collected complaints made by
travellers concerning accessibility in public transport that SL has
received between January and October 2018.

The total number of complaints is 389.The empirical material is
collected in an Excel file containing information about
departure/destination, date and time, route number, through which
- channel SL received the complaint, and a shorter description of the
complaint
 This section presents the results of the case study, and it is structured
based on the identified categories and themes. The largest category
is courtesy of the bus, its closeness to the curb when stopping the
vehicle, and accessibility ramps.
 The varying views on disability may have had a substantial impact
on the development of our societies and on how the issues of
accessibility in the public transport system have been prioritised or
handled.

The larger focus on the built environment may have caused the
more intangible barriers, such as the behaviour of the drivers or the
individual experiences of accessibility adaptations, to be somewhat
sacrificedthe driver, the need for help from other passengers,
feelings of exposure and vulnerability, and requests of improved
education of drivers as well as technical development of the vehicles
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Research Title
Mobility Analysis of Persons with Disabilities
Miodrag Po,Valentina Mirovi,elena Mitrovi
Author/s
SimiAnd Caglar Karamasa
19
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society
Volume 2021, Article ID 7430340, 13 pages

Problem
Statement
Objectives
Methods
Results
Conclusion
The basic problem of the research is the lack of information base,
necessary for determining the behavioural pattern of PWDs in traffic.
Such a situation quite often resulted in the application of
inappropriate solutions in practice, which only further excluded this
user group from traffic
 The main goal is to obtain a qualitative and quantitative database of
the requirements of this group of users as a basis for creating
sustainable urban mobility plans.To generally improve the
accessibility ofthe traffic system to all citizens, the City of Novi Sad
in 2018created a traffic study [8], which was conducted through a
survey of PWDs (residents of Novi Sad and the suburbs)
 The survey was conducted exclusively with the citizens older than 6
years and with some kind of disability, not only due to the fact that it
is a group of participants whose requirements and characteristics of
movement can be considered relevant in some way, but also due to
the fact that they have specific requirements regarding their traffic
participation
 The obtained results show that persons with disabilities are
prevented from moving safely by numerous obstacles that stand in
their way. Among these obstacles, the following stand out in
particular: unadapted pedestrian footpaths and streets, inaccessible
road crossings, curbs, potholes, atmospheric drains or canals,
improperly parked cars on
- movement trajectories, etc
 An informational database of main travel demands for persons with
disabilities was formed, based on comprehensive research
initiatives conducted in the Novi Sad area. As a result, for the first
time, there was a realistic potential for creating a sustainable urban
transport plan, which recognizes and includes travel demand for all
users and their specific attitudes
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Conceptualizing Mobility Inequality: Mobility and Accessibility for the
Marginalized
Research Title
1. Isti hidayati, wendy tan and claudia yamu
Author/s
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Journal of planning literature. May 4 2021. Volume 36, Issue 4
20
Number,
Publication Year

Problem
Statement

Objectives



Methods

Results
This research identifies some factors like intrinsic and extrinsic and
approaches for understanding and analyzing mobility inequality.
Using two thought experiments to critically locate variations in
factors and approaches, dilemmas and challenges in addressing
mobility inequality for
the marginalized are exposed. The article concludes with future
research directions for investigating mobility inequality
Aim to provide a fundamental understanding of the factors and
approaches to mobility inequality across scales, geographical
contexts, and sociocultural context.
The article concludes with two thought experiments to actualize the
dilemmas and challenges for addressing mobilityinequalities in
planning practice and provide future research Directions
The literature review is structured by identifying and categorizing the
articles by their (1) contributing factors and (2) the methodological
approaches according to their quantitative and qualitative nature,
the data set used, and the research output.
This systematic review aims to showcase the various
conceptualizations of mobility inequality and accompanying
complexities as manifested in planning literature and practices. This
method of literature search is limited by practical considerations
such as access to literature in English, article accessibility beyond
paywalls, subjective interpretation, and time constraints.
The review identified how previous research describe mobility
inequality through an overlapping and intersection of intrinsic (i.e.,
individual attributes) and extrinsic (i.e., spatial and sociocultural
constructs) factors.The review also identified how quantitative,
qualitative, or mixed methods are employed. Data utilized include
largescale data sets such as national transport surveys, small-scale
data sets from in-depth interviews, or a combination of both.

Conclusion

Mobility inequality discourse encompasses the causes and impacts
of differences in mobility, in terms of physical transport movement
and as related to spatial and social practices in accessing key
functions.
This article reviewed 270 research articles to identify intrinsic and
extrinsic factors, analyzed various methodological approaches to
investigate mobility inequality, and provided two thought
experiments to highlight the dilemmas and challenges in
operationalizing concepts of mobility inequality for policy and
practice.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Transport barriers encountered by people withdisability in Africa: An
Research Title
overview
1. Babra Duri
Author/s
Rose Luke
21
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management
Published by AOSIS
Problem
Statement

Objectives
Methods
-
Results
-
-
Conclusion
-
-
The transport ne eds of people with disability are often
marginalised, and universally accessible transport remains a
challenge in many African countries. Lack ofaccessible transport
may lead to high unemployment rates, poverty and lack of
opportunitiesamong people with disability
The purpose of this study is to identify transport barriers
encountered by people
with disability in Africa.
Systematic review of literature.
Content analysis was applied in this study to synthesise and analyse
transport barriers experiencedby people with disability
One of the most significant barriers for the African countries is the
lack of universally accessible transport infrastructure coupled with
poor maintenance of existing infrastructure.
Lack of policies and legislation on transport and disability as well as
poor implementationwas also common among African countries.
The design of publictransport vehicles makes public transport
inaccessible to some groups of transport users such as those in
wheelchairs.
Vehicle specifications should be in fullcompliance with universal
access principles. Vehicle manufacturers should adhere to
regulations set by the government.
The state of the pedestrian environment,cities are encouraged to
carry out periodic infrastructure auditsand prioritise upgrading
pedestrian environment to improveaccess for everyone.
Training of drivers across transport organisations to develop their
understanding of disability is recommended to reduce barriers
encountered by people with disability. Transport personnel
engagement may provide understanding and awareness.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Public Transport Accessibility: A Literature Review
Research Title
Author/s
1. Muhammad Atiullah Saif, Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh1,
Adam
Torok
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Periodica Polytechnica
Transportation Engineering
47(1), pp. 36-43, 2019
https://doi.org/10.3311/PPtr.12072
22
Number,
Publication Year
Creative Commons Attribution
Problem
Statement

Objectives



Methods

Results





Conclusion

Transportation accessibility plays important role in peoples social
aspects of life. Yet, it remains a world wide challenge to improve,
sustainable, and inclusive transportation accessibility.
The study aims to reveal several impact and correlation of
provision of public transport accessibility to the environment
and daily life which would have a noticeable impact on public health
and other aspects of public daily life;
Reveal the correlation between transportation and accessibility and
public participation in social activities;
Provide provide better connectivity of people and location in order to
decrease the congestion on roads.
Comprehensive review of literature with regards to correlation of
public transport
accessibility to the other aspects of social life.
The study reveals that public transport accessibility is likely to
enhance the probability of meeting the public via physical activity.
The study shows that people who tend to walk to the public
transport station
achieve significantly more physical activity as compared to the
other who use private transport to the activity points
Accesible public transport would lessen the carbon footprint as it
would lessen private vehicle users.
Improved public transport accessibility would increase economic
efficiency such as increase of employment rate.
Thers’s a social exclusion in public transportation, mainly to people
with disabilities and social status world wide. Which hinders the
mobility of everyone in parcticipating their daily activities
Public transportation planning and designs should be accessible
and inclusive to everyone. It should promote equity of mobility for all
in accessing health care, social activities and etc.
Public transport can be more attractive by providing more
accessible services.
The accessibility factor in designing the public transport
infrastructures is of great importance, mobility and sustainability or
human life including employment
rates, public health, social exclusion etc. should be considered while
planning the transport facilities.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Lived Experiences on Employment of Persons with Disability in Mandaue
City, Cebu, Philippines
Research Title
1. Maria Fe P. Imbong and Michael Pielago
Author/s
Journal
Publication, Page
International Forum
Vol. 24, No. 1
23
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
June 2021
pp. 214-24
Problem
Statement

Objectives

Methods



Results


-
Conclusion
-
The Magna Carta of Disabled Person ( RA 7277) and the
Accessibility Law BATAS PAMBANSA BILANG 344 OF 1982
(ACCESSIBILITY LAW) have been appreciated by PWDs. However,
the benefits of the said laws are hardly feel by PWDs in the City of
Mandaue due to lack of implementation and compliance of private
and public sector.
To propose a policy
recommendation creating a council to monitor the implementation of
RA 7277 and
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 of 1982 (Accessibility Law) in the City
of Mandaue.
The study utilized the Qualitative Husserlian phenomenology, with
an interview to five(5) PWDs particitipants as the source of data
collection,
And Colaizzi’s method of data analysis.
The study revealed that PWDs in the city of Mandaue faced
challenges related to transportation, mobility, and lack of support.
Due to lack of law implementation and public awareness about their
situations.
Empowerment motivates them to achieve job opportunities amidst
to many challenges.
Participants stated that they were aware of laws such as RA 7277
and its provisions. However, they were hopeful that these provisions
would be implemented for their benefit.
In general, participants identified accessing transportation as their
primary daily challenge, affecting their mobility for work or jobseeking. They also discussed the awareness levels of PUV and PUJ
drivers regarding their rights and situations.
PWDs in Mandaue City believed that when there is a positive
attitude that promotes social acceptance and empowerment, PWDs
are able to compete better in the workplace.
The Magna Carta of Disabled Person ( RA 7277) and the
Accessibility Law BATAS PAMBANSA BILANG 344 OF 1982
(ACCESSIBILITY LAW) have been appreciated by PWDs. However,
its implementation and compliance need to be monitored.
Mobility and accessibility of PWDs require the cooperation of the
private as well as the government sector.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Evaluation of the public transport system in terms of its adaptation to serve
people with disabilities in Northern Wielkopolska (Polish case study)
Research Title
Author/s
1. Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Alicja Herudaj, Łukasz Marczak
24
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Problem
Statement
Objectives
Technical Sciences, 2022, 25, 17–33
Biosystems Engineering Chemical Engineering Civil Engineering
Environmental Engineering Geodesy and Cartography Information
Technology Materials Engineering Mechanical Engineering Production
Engineering
ISSN 1505-4675
The problem of disability affects more and more people every year. One of
the obstacles that people with disability faced in their proper functioning
are everyday problems connected with mobility. And mobility of people is
link to transport system.
- The aim of this study is to find out the opinion of people with
disabilities living in northern Wielkopolska on the quality of
infrastructure, its adaptation and accessibility for this community
- To present improvements whichwould enable these people to use
public transport services safely, freely andcomfortably.
 Online survey questionaire (with closed and open ended questions).
Methods
-
-
Results
-
Conclusion
Out of the respondents, 61% reported rarely utilizing public transport
by PKP, 19% indicated frequent use of PKP services, and 20%
stated that they never used this mode of transportation.
Reasons cited for not using PKP transport services included
discomfort, lack of accommodation for disabled individuals and their
caregivers, absence of ramps and lifts, personal vehicle ownership,
insufficient assistance from railway personnel when boarding trains,
and challenges in navigating between platforms.
When asked about their public transport experiences, 50% of
respondents rarely face issues, 38% often encounter problems, and
12% never do. These results also highlight the limited use of public
transport among the surveyed individuals.
Respondents in an open question expressed concerns about public
transport problems, including the absence of wheelchair ramps or
designated areas, difficulties accessing lifts, overall accessibility
issues, inadequate bus stop accommodations for disabled
individuals, the absence of driver assistance during boarding, and a
lack of low-floor vehicles for wheelchair accessibility
The basic problem of road infrastructure from the point
of view of people with disabilities are:
 The low quality of access to stops,
 roads, pavements and high
kerbs,
 poor adaptation of public space or very wide transport
 and lack of reconstruction of some
places and road fragments.
-
25
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
THE MONITORING RESULTS
OF ACCESSIBILITY OF THE TRANSPORT ENVIRONMENT FOR
Research Title
PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES LIVING
IN THE CITY OF RIVNE
Author/s
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Problem
Statement
Objectives
Methods
Results
Conclusion
1. OLENA NALOBINA, OLEH BUNDZA, MYKOLA HOLOTIUK, OLGA
MARKOVA
The Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji Vol. 87,
No. 1, 2020
Not everyone can use the transportation system equally, especially in the
city of Rivne. The reasons for that are certain obstacles inherent in the
transport infrastructure. The lack of adaptation of the transportation system
to the needs of people with disabilities leads to discrimination of this
segment of the population, to impossibility of their social realization and to
practically absent labor activity.
•to create a basis for systematic analysis and synthesis of processes that
develop in the system "transport - person" with emphasis on identifying the
basic principles of its functioning.
•to identify the nature of contradictions and the causes that lead to the
problem in the logistics system transportation of people with disabilities.
•A working group was organized to monitor the realization of the rights of
people with disabilities to have access to transport services.
•The monitoring was carried out by means of questionnaire method,
conducted survey, registration (observation) and expert evaluation.
•The most significant weighting factors of the above indicators for the
system of transportation for people with disabilities are: q20=0.353,
q40=0.267, q30=0.224, q50=0.155-the possibility of injury, culture of
transport service, mobility of the population, quality of transportation.
•For transport park are: q10=0.37, q20=0.263, q40=0.189, q60=0.178 –
safety of transportation, the possibility of injury, culture of transport service,
the degree of fitness of the vehicles.
•For the availability of transport interchanges are: q10=0.29, q20=0.35,
q80=0.36 – safety of transportation, the possibility of injury, the degree of
adaptation of stops and parking to the needs of people with disabilities.
•A summary table of recommended indicators for evaluating the
accessibility of transport system elements was obtained by an expert
assessment method.
•The monitoring have shown that Rivne’s transport environment is
characterized by a low accessibility for people with disabilities who are
unable to move within the city on their own.
26
•The main problems for making public transport available are the lack of
specialized facilities for people with disabilities, the unsuitability of public
transport to the needs of people with disabilities, in particular the absence
of low-floor transport, sound signals and other facilities, and the
unsuitability of stops for taking up and setting down of passengers with
disabilities (lack of sound signals of the arrival of transport, tactile signs for
orientation in space, etc.),and the absence of special integral curbs on
pedestrian crossings and sound signals of traffic lights that leads to a
significant increase in the risk of emergencies.
•A list of priority measures was proposed to create an accessible urban
transport environment.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Investigating the needs of people with disabilities to ride public transport
Research Title
routes involving transfers
Author/s
Jun Park, Subeh Chowdhury
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Journal of Public Transportation 24 (2022)
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
The planning and design of integrated systems have been predominantly
Problem
focused on Public Transport (PT) users without disabilities. People with
Statement
disabilities face different challenges when riding public transport.
to determine the travel time savings desired by public transport users with
disabilities to choose a route with transfer in a multimodal, integrated
system; and
Objectives
•to determine the average time required to wait and walk when making a
transfer in a multimodal, integrated system.
Background on New Zealand’s major cities and public transport systems
•The data collection was carried out through a self-administered online
user preference survey, developed using the online survey tool, Qualtrics.
Methods
•Weber’s Law "Just- Noticeable Difference" was adopted for this study as
an alternative method to explore route choices.
•Participants with multiple impairments were less willing to choose a
transfer route (k=0.458), followed by participants with cognitive
impairments (k=0.315).
•There is a negligible difference in willingness between participants with
physical (k=0.255) and visual impairments (k=0.253).
•The average maximum time these participants are willing to wait to make
Results
a transfer is 11.0 min at an interchange with basic accessibility features
and 11.3min with good accessibility features.
- •The average transfer walking time is very similar to the two types of
interchanges. •They were willing to walk 6.9 min for an interchange
with basic accessibility features and 7.8 min for an interchange with
better facilities.
27
Conclusion
•PT users with disabilities are more sensitive to travel time savings
compared to PT users without disabilities.
•Participants with visual and physical impairments were revealed to be the
most sensitive towards travel time savings, followed by those with cognitive
impairments.
•Those with multiple impairments were the least sensitive to travel time
savings by a large margin.
•The transfer needs of users with disabilities are different compared to
users without disabilities.
-
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Disability Profile and Accessibility Limitations Among Persons with Physical
Research Title
Disability in Nigeria
Mbada Chidozie Emmanuel, Yusuff Jamiu Opeyemi, Ibidunmoye Daniel
Oluwatimilehin, Oke kayode Israel, Idowu Opeyemi Ayodiipo, Francis Clara
Author/s
Toyin, Olatoye Funminiyi, Olatoye Oluwatoyin, Oyewole Isaiah, Francis
Fatoye
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
IJDS 2021; Vol. 8 No. 2, November 2021, pp. 305-316
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
- Persons with physical disability in Nigeria suffer from mobility
Problem
impairment, deprived from educational and social attainment. They
Statement
also have low access to health care as they are faced with barriers.
- •to evaluate disability profile and accessibility to health care among
Objectives
PLWDs in selected communities in Nigeria.
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, Facilitators
and Barriers Survey for People with Mobility Limitations version 2, Barthel
Index, and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Questionnaires were used to
obtain data on physical disability profile, level of access barriers, activities
Methods
of daily living and quality of access to health care respectively.
•A proforma was used to collect information on socio-demographic
characteristics.
•Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
•Prevalence of mobility, visual and hearing disability were 60.7%, 21.3%
and 6.6% respectively,
•there was an 11.5% rate of functional limitation, while mild difficulty with
‘cognition’ and ‘life activities’ were reported among 96.7% and 65.6% of the
Results
respondents.
•24.6% of the respondents had partial mobility dependence.
•There was low quality of access to health care (67.2%), and high access
barrier to home environment (73.8%) and transportation (93.4%).
•Persons with physical disability suffer more from mobility impairment, and
Conclusion
are deprived of educational and social attainment.
28
•PLWDs have low access to health care as they are faced with barriers
related to home environment, community environment, community
accessibility and transportation accessibility.
•The study has implications for policy for health and wellbeing of PLWDs in
Nigeria.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Inclusive planning: African policy inventory and South African mobility case
Research Title
study on the exclusion of persons with disabilities
Author/s
Marianne J. W. A. Vanderschuren, Obiora A. Nnene
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Health Res Policy Sys (2021) 19:124
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Between 10% and 20% of the African population is affected by disabilities.
A lack of under- standing of the needs of people with disabilities leads to
Problem
isolation. Within the transportation field, isolation manifests itself as a
Statement
reduction in trip-making.
- •to investigate the inclusivity, or lack thereof, of transport planning for
Objectives
vulnerable population groups across a range of African countries
A desktop study was conducted creating heat maps for 29 African
countries.
Methods
•Analysis of secondary household data, for South Africa as a case study
example.
•Many African countries omit, or only superficially include, people with disabilities in their transport policy framework.
•Ghana has the most inclusive People with Disabilities Act, while South
Africa is most inclusive regarding their planning and design of transport
facilities and services. •In South Africa, 4.5% of the population did not
Results
travel at all in the 7 days before the interview, as disability or age
prevented them from doing so, or due to a lack of appropriate travel
services. When comparing the trip rates per week, people with disabilities
travel significantly less, between 27.2% and 65.8%, than their abled
counterparts.
•The study reveals that people with disability live less integrated, more
isolated lives due to the lack of acknowledgement in the transport policy
framework and accommodation in infrastructure and services.
•The results underpin the need for disability-inclusive planning in the
Conclusion
African context and provide recommendations for actions that mitigate the
isolation challenges faced by people with disabilities.
- •Municipalities play a crucial role in improving the quality of life for
people with disabilities.
29
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
ACCESSIBILITY FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN BUILT
Research Title
ENVIRONMENT OF URBAN AREA: CASE STUDY OF GEORGE TOWN,
PENANG
Author/s
Ikhwan Ali Wazani, Diana Mohamad, Mastura Jaafar
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners, VOLUME 19 ISSUE 5
Number, Volume
(2021), Page 53 – 65
Number,
Publication Year
- Persons with Disabilities (PwD) confront several challenges that hinder
Problem
them from fully exercising their rights and participating in social,
Statement
professional, and cultural activities when it comes to accessing built
environment.
- •to investigate the accessibility challenges that PwD face in George
Objectives
Town, Penang.
- The questionnaire survey was conducted on wheelchair users, the
Methods
walking impaired, the visually impaired, and the hearing impaired in
George Town areas.
•Most walking impaired people face three main issues: obstruction on
sidewalks such as vehicles, garbage, signage, utility poles, and other
objects (68.2% of total respondents), narrow sidewalks (67.4%), and
inconsistent sidewalk surface quality and conditions (67.4%) (50.4%).
•Obstruction on sidewalks such as vehicles, rubbish, signage, utility poles,
and other obstructions are the top two difficulties for visually impaired
people, according to 68.8% of respondents, followed by inconsistent
sidewalk surface quality and conditions (50%).
•For hearing-impaired people, there are two major issues that respondents
face: which are obstruction on sidewalks such as vehicles, garbage,
Results
signage, and utility poles, which was experienced by 81.8% of the total
respondents, and inconsistent sidewalk surface quality and conditions, that
was experienced by the remaining respondents (54.5%).
•Wheelchair users face obstacles such as vehicles, garbage, signage,
utility poles, and other objects on sidewalks (79.3%), dangerous drop curb
conditions (75.9%), lack of proper sidewalks (75.0%), inconsistent sidewalk
surface quality and conditions (74.1%), narrow sidewalks (69.8%) and a
lack of shelter and covered areas (55.2%).
•Most PwD three key challenges, such as narrow sidewalks, uneven
sidewalk surfaces, barriers on sidewalks and dangerous drop curbs.
- •Accessibility facilities in George Town still need to be improved to
Conclusion
make it easier for PwD to get around.
30
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
A STUDY ON MOBILITY PATTERN OF MOVEMENT CHALLENGED
Research Title
PERSONS OF DHAKA
Author/s
Md. Musfiqur Rahman Bhuiya
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Thesis, 2019
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
- The movement challenged persons (MCPs) in Bangladesh face
numerous mobility related complexities to have access to buildings, to
reach transit stop and travel by different transport modes (Abir and
Hoque, 2011;Tauhid, 2007). Due to challenges faced by the movement
Problem
challenged persons, they have to depend on their family members to
Statement
assist them in their mobility related activities. As a result, family
members of the movement challenged persons have to face to
challenges by means making additional trips, spending time and
bearing travel cost
 To study the mobility pattern of movement-challenged persons in
Dhaka city
 To compare the mobility pattern of movement-challenged persons and
physically fit persons of selected households.
Objectives
 To identify the gaps in planning and implementation process with
regard to addressing mobility challenges of the movementchallenged persons in Dhaka city.


Methods
Results
Primary Data Collection: Questionnaire, Survey, Field Observation
and Collecting Photos,
Travel Diary, Key Informant Interview

Secondary data have been collected from literature review of journal
papers, reports and other secondary sources to know about national
and international standards regarding special facilities required for
movement challenged persons in transit stops, transport modes and
in different land uses.
 Analysis of data includes SPSS, cross tabulation, Chi Square test,
Mann Whitney U Test and Likert Scale.
Rickshaw and CNG driven vehicles have been found to be the dominant
transport mode for them.
Majority of the movement challenged persons have been found to make
regular trips to workplaces only with simple trip chains.
Unwillingness of drivers to carry a movement challenged persons, charging
additional fare from them and lack of ramps to board on the vehicles have
been found as common problems faced by them while travelling.
It has been found that condition of availability of required facilities for
movement challenged persons have been very poor.
Percentage of residential buildings, work places, educational institutions,
health institutions and recreational places with ramps is 37%, 14.42%,
1.865%, 12%, 77.6% and 8.95% respectively.
31
Conclusion
Percentage of residential buildings, work places, educational institutions,
health institutions and recreational places with suitable floor materials is
65%, 55.24%, 92.31%, 31.32%,97.3% and 50%respectively.
Share of residential buildings, work places, educational institutions, health
institutions and indoor recreational places with elevators is 39%, 37.31%,
58.81%, 16%, 94.7% and 38.63% respectively.
Built environment and transport system has not been able to provide
required facilities to ease mobility of persons with mobility impairment of
Dhaka due to lack of awareness and training among relevant stakeholders,
lack of integration among efforts of stakeholder agencies,lack of funding
and accessibility plan etc.
•Movement challenged persons of Dhaka are facing challenges to access
built environment and transportation system and their mobility is getting
constrained in terms of trip destination and travel mode.
-
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Identifying Barriers to the Public Transport Accessibility for Disabled
People
Research Title
in Dhaka: A Qualitative Analysis
Author/s
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Sahed Hossen Sajib
Transactions on Transport Sciences | Vol. 1/2022
Problem
Statement
Objectives
-
Methods
-
Results
Conclusion
-
n Dhaka, people with all types of disabilities cannot access public
transport (Sakaki and Gomes, 2018). The current interior
characteristics of Dhaka’s public buses do not accommodate the needs
of physically challenged people (Sultana et al., 2020; Tauhid, 2007)
to identify the barriers disabled people face accessing public transport
in Dhaka
exploratory qualitative research approach to understand “the deeper
meanings of particular human experiences”
Focus group discussion (FGD) was chosen in this qualitative research
as the data collection method.
Barriers found were negative attitudes by drivers, misplacement of
priority seats, unfriendly built environment, high cost of travel, imperfect design inside vehicles, prejudice and discriminatory attitude by
other passengers, deficient levelling on transport infrastructure, longdistance between the transport stops/terminals and home, the profitmaking tendency by transit boss, absence of audio support for the
visually impaired, blockage in the footpath, fears of accidents and
traffic injuries and wet or nasty weather.
make the transport system more usable, comfortable, friendly, and
considerate for disabled people.
public transportation operators should
32
-
work more closely with core stakeholders of disability communities.
exclusion and deprivation can be eliminated by increasing mobility and
accessibility to public transport.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Investigating the barriers in a typical journey by public transport users with
disabilities
Research Title
panel
Author/s
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Jun Park, Subeh Chowdhury
Problem
Statement
People with disabilities continue to be amongst the most marginalized
groups in society. They are typically
25 unable to enjoy the freedom of mobility as able-bodied individuals.
- to identify and get prioritize the key barriers in a typical public
transport journey by those with visual and physical impairments
Objectives
Journal of Transport & Health, Volume 10, September 2018, Pages 361368
-
Methods
Results
-
Conclusion
-
to investigate the barriers in a typical journey chain and provide the
similarities and differences in the key barriers perceived by people
with physical and visual impairments.
data collection was carried out using the snowball sampling
method.
semi-structured interviews were undertaken with each participant.
This approach allows in-depth contextual and relevant data to be
obtained from the target population (Yin, 2013).
qualitative data analysis software NVivo (Version 11) was used to
categorize the transcribed data.
thematic analysis
Bus driver’s attitude and unawareness of disabled users’ needs was
a common concern for both groups.
The main barriers for physically impaired users were related to the
urban environment, terminals and stops, services, and quality of
footpaths.
In comparison, the main barriers for visually impaired users were
poor presentation of information, and obstructions on footpaths
People with disabilities have unique needs within the group itself.
Different disabilities produce different barriers, as was shown in the
findings. PI users had a different set of barriers to VI users.
33
-
-
There are also some commonalities among the barriers and
addressing these common barriers will ease the journey experience
for a wider group.
It is the responsibility of transport practitioners to provide a safe
transport system for all.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Research Title
Impacts of disability on daily travel behaviour: A systematic review
Keunhyun Park, Hossein Nasr Esfahani, Valerie Long Novack, Jeff Sheen,
Author/s
Hooman Hadayeghi, Ziqi Song & Keith Christensen
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Transport Reviews, Volume 43, 2023 - Issue 2
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
- The failure to represent the diverse travel behaviour of people with
Problem
disabilities leads to inaccurate forecasting and poor decision-making
Statement
and exacerbates transportation disadvantages.
- This systematic review synthesises previous studies of travel
behaviours among people with disabilities, differing from people
Objectives
without disabilities, in terms of trip frequency, mode choice, travel time
and distance, and barriers.
- This review identified 115 peer-reviewed studies of the daily travel
Methods
patterns of individuals across three categories of disabilities—mobility,
cognitive, and sensory.
The qualitative review showed that:
- despite a high level of adaptation, persons with disabilities encounter
many barriers in the built environment to their transportation access.
Results
- The environmental, social, and system barriers make specific modes
unavailable to travellers with disabilities, increase travel time, and
eventually decrease their trip frequency.
- This paper revealed the barriers and implications for travel demand
Conclusion
modelling and urban and transportation planning and policy that better
supports the transportation needs of persons with disabilities.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Research Title
Public Transport Accessibility for People with Disabilities
Author/s
Endang Sri Wahyuni, Bhisma Murti , Hermanu Joebagio
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Journal of Health Policy and Management
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
34
Problem
Statement
Objectives
Methods
Results
Conclusion
Problems
often arise regarding access to public-transportation services for people
with disability. Despite the existence of UU No 4 in 1997 and UU No 25 in
2009 on accessibility for people with disability,
public transport seemed to be poor for them.
This study aimed to determine the public transport
accessibility for people with disabilities and to provide alternative solutions.
- This was a qualitative explorative study.
- Data were obtained from people with physical and mental disability, and
provider.
- Data were analyzed using triangulation.
- The local government of Surakarta has provided some transport
facilities. However, these transport facilities are in low standard and
non-accessible to people with disability.
- Transportation accessible to people with disability is not of priority.
Transportation system was not accessible to people with disability. But the
government provider in charge of transportation is planning to provide
transportation system to
people with disability.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Accessibility for Disabled in Public Transportation Terminal
Research Title
Author/s
Seyed Hassan Khalifeh Soltani, Mashita Sham , Mohamad Awang &
Rostam Yaman
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Problem
Statement
Objectives
Methods
Results
-
The study seeks to demonstrate the impact of current legislation and
standards designed for PWDs concerning the accessibility aspect of
public transportation terminals.
- Identify and highlight accessibility in approaching the spaces in the
transport terminals.
- Evaluate the interior infrastructure that affects disabled
accessibilities in the transport terminals.
- Suggest recommendations for the improvement of the accessibility
in the terminals for disabled.
- Qualitative survey to gather data on the perception of PWDs
towards the accessibility of the public transportation terminals.
- Data analysed through Statistical Package for Social Science
(SPSS).
- The result indicated according to the friendliness factor of PWD
facilities provided at the public transportation terminals. Platforms
35
Conclusion
gather the lowest rate among all infrastructures followed by ramps,
steps and walkways.
Basic infrastructures were poorly designedfor disable commuters in
both case study areas.
Result shows that a significant amount of efforts by the government
bodies is needed and a huge demand of re-designing the current
facilities, so that the disabled community would feel better accepted
in the society and furthermore increase their equality and
accessibility among the community in Malaysia.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
A composite index for assessing accessibility in urban areas: A case study
Research Title
in Central Athens, Greece
Lambros Mitropoulos, Christos Karolemeas, Stefanos Tsigdinos, Avgi
Author/s
Vassi, Efthimios Bakogiannis
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Journal of Transport Geography, March 2023
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Effective transportation planning necessitates the consideration of all road
network users and their needs. Towards this goal, the integration of accessibility in planning and the
Problem
development of tools that enable the
Statement
assessment and measurement of accessibility within urban areas becomes
essential. However, there is still a huge lack in the accessibility
assessment methods of urban areas.
This study aims to contribute
to the accessibility assessment process of urban areas by developing two
accessibility indices: the infrastructure
and the opportunity accessibility index, which use an infrastructure-based
Objectives
and distance-based approach,
respectively. Four types of users and their needs are considered:
pedestrians, People with Disabilities (PWD),
cyclists and public transport users.
Data for modeling the accessibility indices are collected by: 1) an infrastructure audit, 2) a user survey, and 3) geographic information systems.
Methods
The proposed method is applied in a
district in central Athens, Greece
Based on average estimated values of answers, for
cycling, the most important challenges were the lack of exclusive bicycle
infrastructure (4.4.) and the behavior of other road users (4.3). ConResults
cerning walking, the most important ones were the existence of obstacles on the sidewalks (4.1) and insufficient sidewalk width (4.0), while
for PWD, the most important mobility issues were again obstacles on the
sidewalk (3.8) and the dense parking that traps the disabled on the
36
Conclusion
sidewalk (3.7).
Accessible road networks to and from
opportunities should be created to serve all users, including the
vulnerable ones. It is important to create a dense network for people
with disabilities, since travel duration of 11 min and more, decrease
their mobility. Interventions should also focus on the proper identification of hazards on sidewalks and other outdoor areas, and on the
construction of sidewalk guides for blinds.
-
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Walkability Assessment of First Mile Last Mile Public Transport System of
Research Title
Neighbourhood in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Singapore for Persons with
Disabilities: A Comparative Study
Author/s
Ramli, R., Yaacob N., and Zainol R.
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Journal of Design and Built Environment. Vol. 22, No. 3, (2022)
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
- Information on public transport infrastructure factors affecting
Problem
mobility and walkability within neighbourhoods among PWD in cities
Statement
of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Singapore is limited.
- The study objective was to explore the accessibility of numerous
facilitators and barriers in built environment within first mile last mile
Objectives
(FMLM) public transport in naturally occurring retirement community
(NORC) neighbourhood within Kuala Lumpur and using Singapore
as a benchmark.
- Direct Observation technique was conducted through Access Audit
on six routes at two locations, namely Malaysia (i.e., MY1, MY2,
Methods
MY3) and Singapore (i.e., SG1, SG2, SG3), with a particular focus
on five groups of PWD (Physical, Learning, Blind, Deaf, Elderly).
- Four FMLM access to public transport determinants emerged and
described in order of occurrence frequency in Malaysia case study:
Results
transportation service determinant, built environment characteristic,
social environment determinant and individual attributes
determinant.
- it is proposed that walkability of FMLM neighbourhood to be integral
Conclusion
component of PWD accessibility, connectivity, and safety when
designing built environment in Malaysia.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
The Structural Barriers to Universally Accessible Transport : The Tshwane
Research Title
(ZAF) Metropolitan Area Study Case
Author/s
B. Duri and R. Luke
37
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Problem
Statement
Objectives
Methods
Results
Conclusion
International Journal of Transport Development and Integration., Vol. 6, No.
4 (2022), 428–442
People with disabilities face many obstacles in accessing public transport
and their needs are often overlooked. The transport systems in many countries including South Africa do
not meet the basic requirements of universal design, despite the awareness, support from different
organisations and inclusion in
policy.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the structural barriers
experienced by people with
- disabilities in accessing transport.
- Quantitative survey-research design
The study revealed:
- That infrastructure is generally poorly designed and there is
- a lack of accessible infrastructure, which consequently compromises
the safety of people with disabilities. Most people with disabilities
find it difficult to cross roads or intersections.
- That public transport vehicles do not comply with universal access
principles.
- The study conveys that there should be regular accessibility audits
of infrastructure which involve the participation of people with
disabilities. The barriers experienced by people with disabilities
established in this study could inform decision makers and thereby
help to improve policies and legislation regarding the provision of
universally accessible transport infrastructure and services.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Public Transportation: An Investigation of Barriers for People with
Research Title
Disabilities
Author/s
Jill L. Bezyak, scott A. Sabella, Robert H. Gattis
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Journal of Disability Policy Studies, pp.52-60, Volume 28 Issue 1, June
Number, Volume
2017
Number,
Publication Year
The study explored the primary barriers that are experienced by people
with
Problem
disabilities who use public transportation and complementary paratransit
Statement
services in their daily
life.
Objectives
- Determine the adequacy of public transport for PWDs.
38
Methods
Results
Conclusion
-
Determine the barriers to public transportation experienced by
PWDs.
Web-based survey consisting of multiple choice and open-ended
questions.
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 for
Windows was
used to perform all data analyses.
Result show that PWDs encounter more challenges in public transportation
especially individuals with visual impairments, psychiatric conditions,
chronic health issues, or multiple disabilities
A majority of respondents experienced difficulties accessing public
transportation, and community activities that do not occur on a regular
schedule are more affected by problems with public transportation.
- Significant challenges face individuals with disabilities as they use
public transportation, and certain disability groups are more severely
impacted by these problems.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Research Title
Re-conceptualizing barriers to travel by people with disabilities
Author/s
Simon Darcy and Bob McKercher
Journal
Publication, Page
Tourism Management Perspectives
Numbers, Issue
Volume 26, Pages 59-66, April 2018
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Problem
- This paper presents the first systematic framework of the range of
Statement
barriers affecting the ability of people with disabilities to travel.
- This paper aim to use related literature to hierarchically categorize the
Objectives
barriers faced by PWDs.
The model is conceptual in nature based on a critical review of the
literature, the authors’ own research, the lived experience of one author
Methods
and the other author’s
- experience of travelling with PWD. T
The paper showed that tiers of barriers likely operate
both hierarchically and interactively. Barriers can be considered as
hierarchical, for issues that appear at each tier must be resolved before
Results
travel can occur or can be enjoyed fully. Lower tier barriers represent more
fundamental issues whose failure to address renders upper tier issues
irrelevant.
The four tiered approach contributes to work within tourism studies by
explicitly introducing key
influences from disability studies on understanding the individual
Conclusion
impairment effects, the considerations this has for embodied
understandings of tourism and to assist with the clearer
articulation of the positioning of new studies.
39
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Access to public transportation for people with disabilities in Chile: A case
Research Title
study regarding the experience of drivers
Ana Calle, Maggie Campillay, Fabian Araya, Amalia Ojeda, Claudina
Author/s
Rivera, Pablo Dubo, and Amparito Lopez
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
June 2019
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
- The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
emphasizes the importance of improving accessibility in public and
Problem
private transportation. In Chile, there is a need to address
Statement
transportation accessibility for people with disabilities as part of the
broader goal of social inclusion.
- Explore how drivers perceive their role in facilitating or hindering the
mobility of people with disabilities.
Objectives
- Identify barriers and challenges in the current transportation system
that affect the accessibility of people with disabilities.
- Qualitative study based on the naturalistic paradigm.
- Theoretical framework grounded in the systematic design of Strauss
and Corbin.
- Data collection over 18 months through group interviews and inMethods
depth individual interviews with 57 drivers.
- Sampling included collective taxi and microbus drivers from different
regions, ensuring heterogeneity in the sample.
- Snowball technique used for participant recruitment.
- Collective taxi drivers far outnumbered microbus drivers in the
sample.
- Most drivers, regardless of their specific type of vehicle, had an
average age of 56 years.
Results
- Drivers were generally aware of the social position of disabled
people and acknowledged that they constituted a barrier to access.
- Drivers recognized that negative interactions between disabled
passengers and themselves resulted in mistreatment.
- Drivers' perceptions play a crucial role in the social inclusion
process for people with disabilities.
- Addressing social, attitudinal, and regulatory barriers is as important
as addressing environmental barriers.
- Training programs for drivers should incorporate communication and
Conclusion
social interaction skills to enhance inclusion.
- The research contributes to the limited knowledge from the
perspective of drivers and highlights the need for further
interdisciplinary research on this topic, which may have implications
for improving public transportation accessibility for people with
disabilities worldwide
40
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
A factor analysis for identifying people with disabilities’ mobility issues in
Research Title
built environments
Author/s
Jinuk Hwang
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Transportation Research Part F: Psychology and Behaviour
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
- Neighborhood built environments (BE) have been recognized as an
Problem
important aspect that can, directly and indirectly, impact people with
Statement
disabilities’ mobility. While many efforts have been made to improve
the quality of BE, people with disabilities still perceive inequality in BE.
- The objective of this study is to identify the factors influencing people
with disabilities’ attitudes toward BE that can facilitate or suppress their
mobility, using exploratory factor analysis. This study specifically
Objectives
focuses on people with physical disabilities and people with visual
impairments living in Austin, TX and Houston, TX metropolitan areas in
USA.
Methods
- online survey.
- The results show there are three factors represent well the respondents
with disabilities’ attitudes toward neighborhood built environments (BE):
1) barrier-free BE; 2) BE supporting safe travel; and 3) walkable BE
- 1) barrier-free BE-reflects that a clear path without obstacles or barriers
to access points, such as transit stops, is important for people with
disabilities. Also, road infrastructure, including sidewalks, crosswalks,
and intersections, should be equipped with an assistant device to help
people who need it.
- 2) BE supporting safe travel-factor catches the importance of safe
environments for people with disabilities traveling neighborhoods,
showing that low-speed limits and low traffic volume are
Results
recommendable.
- The “walkable BE” -factor demonstrates that land-use patterns that
support high walkability, which enables independently performing daily
activities without the aid of private vehicles, are desirable for people
with disabilities.
- As far as income level is concerned, the low-income respondent group
had more negative attitudes toward neighborhood BE factors. The
scores for all factors were statistically significantly lower in the lowincome group when comparing the not low-income group
- In a similar vein, the respondent group having no car in households
more negatively perceived BE factors than its counterpart (i.e., the
respondent group having at least one car in a household).
- The results suggest that the road infrastructure faced by people with
disabilities when they take a trip should (a) have no obstacles or
physical barriers; (b) support safe travel; and (c) provide walkable
Conclusion
environments.
- Another obvious finding to emerge from this study is that individuals
with disabilities who have a low income and those who live in zero-car
households tend to have more negative attitudes toward neighborhood
41
BE. An implication of this is that the strategies to improve the quality of
neighborhood BE for improving people with disabilities’ mobility should
be prioritized for disadvantaged communities, such as low-income
neighborhoods or households that cannot afford private vehicles.
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
A QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED SURVEY ON ROAD VEHICLE TRAVEL
Research Title
HABITS OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
Author/s
Torbjörn FALKMER, Nils Petter GREGERSEN
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
IATSS Research
Number, Volume
Volume 25, Issue 1, 2001
Number,
Publication Year
- Children with disabilities are exposed to an even greater risk of
fatalities and serious health losses during road vehicle transportation
Problem
compared with children in general. Nevertheless, parents and drivers
Statement
are expected to transport children with disabilities on a daily basis to
and from schools, despite the shortcomings in rules, regulations and
standards and the lack of information and equipment options
Objectives
- to describe the travel habits of children with disabilities.
- to use the knowledge base to integrate issues of compatibility
between wheelchairs and seating devices and transport vehicles
with respect to transport functionality and safety measures.
- A questionnaire was mailed to all 1,302 Swedish families registered
at RBU – the Swedish National Association for Disabled Children
Methods
and Young People.
- In statistical testing, the Chi-squared test with the significance level
of 0.05 was used for comparing distributions of categoric variables
and Spearman's rank correlation to correlate category variables.
- The target group travelled frequently in the family vehicle.
- Most of their journeys occupied a substantial amount of time.
Results
- Less than a third of all family vehicles were adapted for transporting
children with disabilities.
- There was a large proportion of safety belt users in the family
vehicle.
- Lack of tiedown and safety restraint system procedures meant that
Conclusion
journeys by school transportation and Special Transport Systems
were a very hazardous means of transport for children with
disabilities.
42
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Understanding Everyday Travel Experiences and Transportation
Research Title
Infrastructure Challenges of People with Disabilities in Denver, CO
Author/s
Molly Wagner, Manish Shirgaokar , and Wesley Marshall
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Transportation Research Record
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
- Though much progress has been made, many aspects of the
- current transportation system still limit people with disabilities from
Problem
traveling safely and efficiently. Moreover, transportation planning
Statement
and design efforts consistently lack representation of people with
disabilities.
- To understand how attributes of transportation infrastructure affect
the daily mobility of people with disabilities.
Objectives
- To comprehend how the programming and management of
transportation assets affects navigation for people with disabilities.
- semi-structured interviews with (i) 28 stakeholders who self-identify
Methods
as having a disability; and (ii) 9 government officials whose work
intersects with the supply of infrastructure regulated under the ADA
- Interviews with people with disabilities revealed several themes with
regard to how infrastructure affects their transportation experiences
and mode choice. 1.)Failures with Sidewalks, 2.)Failures with
Intersection Design, 3.)Maintenance Failures, 4.) Failures with
Paratransit, 5.)Failures with Transit Communications and Services,
6.) Failures around Street Furniture, Emerging Technology, and
Temporary Route Closures, 7.)Failures with Public Transit Facility
Designs, 8.)Failure to Involve People with Disabilities in Planning,
Design, and Decision-Making.
Results
- People with disabilities experience physical mobility barriers daily.
Incomplete sidewalk networks or sidewalks that are too narrow or in
poor condition can be dangerous or limiting, regardless of disability.
- Paratransit time and booking requirements do not allow for
spontaneity or ease of use.
- Negative transit experiences are further emphasized in transit stops
with few amenities, poor sidewalk connections, and little consistency
for identifying stop locations for blind and lowvision individuals.
- Conclusion:
- The daily mobility challenges that people with disabilities face,
coupled with the underrepresentation of people with disabilities in
the transportation field, risk reinforcing acts of ableism and othering
in transportation planning.
Conclusion
- When working to create a transportation network that is universally
accessible, it is critical for planners and engineers to work with
people with disabilities when considering the design needs of
individuals with different types of disabilities.
43
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Research Title
Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities in Trans Metro Bandung Services
Author/s
Jeremia Gom Gom Parulian, Budiman Rusli, Elisa Susanti
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies (IJDS).2019: Vol. 6(2): PP 149Number, Volume
156.
Number,
Publication Year
- Public services, especially public transportation services for persons
with disabilities, have not been
well organized and have not been based on equality even though
Problem
various laws and regulations have regulated
Statement
them. One form of implementing equality for persons with disabilities
is the provision of accessibility facilities
- to support and assist them in using a service.
- This article is intended to provide an overview regarding the
- provision of accessibility facilities for persons with disabilities in the
Objectives
Trans Metro Bandung service and also provides an overview
regarding the implementation of Trans Metro Bandung services for
persons with disabilities in the city of Bandung.
- Methods were done using qualitative method with descriptive
Methods
approach. Collecting data is done through in-depth interviews,
observations, and library studies.
- 1. Services of Trans Metro Bandung have not
- fully provided accessibility facilities for
- persons with disabilities, both physical
- accessibility and information accessibility.
- 2. The unavailability of accessibility facilities
Results
- for persons with disabilities in the Trans
- Metro Bandung service results in the
- emergence of difficulties experienced by
- persons with disabilities in using Trans Metro
- Bandung buses.
- The results points to sustainable solutions that forge paths for
inclusivity. It is inherent to apply the principles of inclusiveness in the
implementation of the Trans Metro Bandung service, which is open
and accessible to all levels of society and puts forward the principle
Conclusion
of equality in service delivery.
- The paper also concludes that accommodation of the needs of
persons with disabilities will be public transportation to the facilities
that complement the accessibility, both physical accessibility and the
accessibility of information.
44
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
Improving the design of urban transport experience with people with
Research Title
disabilities
Author/s
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
Monica Cerdan Chiscano
Research in Transportation Business & Management
Volume 41, December 2021, 100596
Despite advances in accessibility, barriers to accessing public transport
persist, especially for people with disabilities (PwD). PwD use public
transport less frequently, leading to a need for inclusive design in urban
public transport systems.
- To empirically examine the effects of including PwD in the process
of designing encounters in an urban public transport service
environment.
- To explore the value co-creation process in the context of public
transport, focusing on encounters such as communication, usage,
and service.
- To provide guidance to transport network managers on allocating
proper adapted communication resources to PwD for improving
accessibility before the transportation experience takes place.
- The research consisted of two stages: Study 1: Designing the
experience for PwD, Study 2: Designing the experience with PwD.
Methods included focus groups, shadowing participants during
transportation experiences, and post-experience surveys with semistructured questions.
- The study found that ensuring adequate communication encounters
with participants before the experience can guarantee a successful
design of the urban transportation experience. The encounters of
communication, usage, and service were examined to understand
their impact on user experience.
- The research highlights the importance of involving PwD in the design
process of urban transportation experiences. It suggests that value cocreation, particularly focusing on encounters, can lead to improved
accessibility and more inclusive transport systems. The study provides
insights for transport network managers to enhance the user
experience for all passengers, especially those with disabilities.
-
Problem
Statement
Objectives
Methods
Results
Conclusion
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 2: SUMMARIZED 50 (MINIMUM) ARTICLES
Inclusive Urban City: An Assessment on Accessibility and Mobility of
Proposed Topic:
Persons with Disability in Zamboanga City
45
Research Title
Author/s
Journal
Publication, Page
Numbers, Issue
Number, Volume
Number,
Publication Year
BUILT ENVIRONMENT ACCESSIBILITY IN THE EASTERN PROVINCE
OF THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA AS SEEN BY PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES
Helen Palmer Peterson
Journal of Accessibility and Design for All.Volume 11, Issue 1. 2021.
Barriers within the constructed environment can restrict access to
transportation, goods, services, healthcare, employment opportunities,
and the overall ability to move independently. In the Eastern Province
(EP) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), approximately six percent
of the population is identified as having various forms of physical
disabilities. Historically, the rules and regulations implemented in KSA
have not effectively enhanced accessibility for individuals with physical
disabilities in the local built environment.
- This research attempted to determine the extent of accessibility in
EP by surveying 183 persons with disabilities to ascertain what
elements of the built environment are problematic for them and what
they believe requires improvement.
- Likert scale survey
- Results show that PwD felt elements that are essential to
accessibility, such as ramps, elevators, restrooms, signage, and
egress, are difficult to navigate. Commonly used public locations
such as medical centres, restaurants, shopping, mosques, and
banks each had obstructive elements that prevented PwD from fully
using the spaces.
- Although Saudi Arabia (KSA) has a commendable objective of
promoting greater inclusion for people with disabilities (PwD) in the
workforce and is actively pursuing accessibility standards for newer
constructions, this research underscores the need for the following
enhancements to ensure that built environments become fully
accessible to all individuals with disabilities.
-
Problem
Statement
Objectives
Methods
Results
Conclusion
46