(Include the title page with the names of your group mates alphabetically arranged)
COW DUNG AND CHICKEN MANURE: A SUSTAINABLE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY
FRIENDLY SOURCE OF BIOGAS (Under revisions)
I. INTRODUCTION
In an era marked by growing environmental concerns and an increasing demand for
sustainable energy sources, the utilization of organic waste materials as a renewable energy
resource has gained significant attention. Among these resources, cow dung and chicken manure
stand out as promising candidates for the production of biogas, a clean and renewable energy
source. This study investigates the potential of cow dung and chicken manure as sustainable and
environmentally friendly sources of biogas through a comprehensive quantitative analysis. The
objective is to shed light on the efficiency, viability, and environmental benefits of harnessing
biogas from these organic waste materials. In a world striving for eco-friendly energy solutions,
this research aims to contribute valuable insights into the utilization of readily available agricultural
waste for a greener and more sustainable future.
(add more information)
II. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Throughout different cultures, cow dung, also known as cow feces, has been utilized for
its benefits in agriculture and energy-related practices. Its agricultural value stems from its high
levels of organic matter and nutrients, making it an effective natural fertilizer that improves soil
fertility and boosts crop growth. In many rural regions, cow dung has been a convenient and
accessible source of fuel for cooking and heating, typically in the form of dung cakes created by
mixing it with straw and allowing it to dry. This versatile utilization has granted cow dung a
distinctive position in the cultural and agricultural customs of numerous communities.
Ziala Village of Satkhira District in Bangladesh is well known for cow dung management
and biogas production. Biogas plants produce huge quantities of organic residues and biogas.
Cow dung is widely used in the plant as a part of waste management and biogas production. The
residues are used as organic fertilizer and biogas is used as fuel in the Ziala Village. Therefore,
the study was conducted to observe the effectiveness of using cow dung residues produced in
biogas plants and its subsequent impacts on socio-economic profile. The study was based on a
face-to-face interview of randomly selected dairy farmers in 2014. Twelve representative samples
of biogas plants were randomly selected for interviewing. Findings suggested that a renewable
energy transfer system in the form of biogas plants was successful in converting cow dung into
energy and nutrient-rich organic fertilizer, which reduced the cost of purchasing chemical fertilizer
for plant owners. Renewable energy transfer plants noticeably improved the overall cooking
environment of the biogas digesters and reduced the time needed to collect firewood. This
facilitates livestock management and the preservation of forest resources. Biogas plants
eventually contributed to elevated environmental conditions and resource recovery which
ultimately improved socio-economic profiles in terms of occupational distribution and educational
attainment of the participating households. However, agricultural wastes and cow dung were not
optimally managed by some households in the surveyed area. This causes environmental
degradation in terms of water and air pollution in the study area. (Shaibur et.al, 2021).
The researchers have decided to create biogas using animal manure, such as from cows
and chickens. They chose this study to provide a solution or reduce the adverse effects on the
environment caused by the use of conventional gas in various aspects. Additionally, biogas can
be of great assistance to individuals, such as in cooking, as it can help reduce expenses on
purchasing conventional gas that is commonly used by individuals for cooking. Nevertheless,
Biogas can also help in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions are
reduced in two different ways. First, the biogas produced is a renewable energy source that can
replace fossil fuels. Second, capturing biogas reduces methane, a powerful greenhouse gas that
can escape freely into the atmosphere. In short, with the help of biogas using animal manure such
as cow dung and chicken manure can lessen the negative effects on the environment compared
to the conventional gas that every individual uses in their everyday life, and it can also help reduce
emissions which can affect the ozone layer.
(Additional information must at least 3 pages)
III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Output:
●
●
●
●
Biogas:
Environmentally
friendly
and
sustainable
source of biogas
for
energy
production.
Renewable
Energy: Use of
biogas
for
cooking,
heating,
and
electricity
reduces
reliance
on
fossil fuels.
Environmental
Benefits:
Reduced
greenhouse gas
emissions and
waste
management
benefits.
Economic
Benefits: Cost
savings
for
users, potential
income
from
surplus biogas,
and
job
opportunities.
Input:
●
●
●
●
●
Process:
Raw
Materials:
Cow dung and
chicken
manure.
Environmenta
l Conditions:
Temperature,
pH levels, and
moisture
content.
Biogas
System
Setup: Type of
biogas
digester, size,
and location.
Knowledge
and Expertise:
Researcher's
expertise
in
biogas
production.
Financial
Resources:
Funding
for
the setup and
maintenance.
●
and
●
type
an
●
is
of
are
the
●
Process:
Collection and
Preparation:
Gather cow dung
and
chicken
manure
from
farms
and
households.
Mixing: Combine
the raw materials
in
the
right
proportions
to
optimize biogas
production.
Anaerobic
Digestion: Place
the mixture in the
biogas digester,
where
microorganisms
break
down
organic matter to
produce biogas.
Gas
Storage:
Store
the
generated
biogas
in
appropriate
facilities.
Gas
Utilization:
Convert biogas
into energy for
various
applications like
cooking, heating,
or
electricity
generation.
Waste manners.
Based on the Input Table, the
research relies on cow dung and
chicken manure as its primary raw
materials. It places a particular
emphasis
on
monitoring
environmental
conditions,
including temperature, pH levels,
moisture content, throughout the
biogas production process. In
terms of the system setup, this
involves precisely specifying the
of biogas digester employed,
determining its size, and selecting
appropriate location. However, the
successful execution of the study
inherently tied to the researcher's
expertise in biogas production.
Moreover, it should be noted that
adequate financial resources are
paramount importance, as they
required to secure funding for both
initial setup and the ongoing
maintenance of the experimental
infrastructure.
According to the Process
Table, the biogas production
●
process comprises several key
stages: initially, in the collection
and
preparation phase, cow dung and
chicken manure are gathered from
farms
and
households.
Subsequently, in the mixing stage,
these raw materials are carefully
blended in the correct proportions
to optimize biogas production.
The anaerobic digestion phase
follows, during which the
mixture is placed in a biogas
digester, where microorganisms break down the organic matter to produce biogas. The generated
biogas is then stored in appropriate facilities as it transitions to the gas utilization stage, where it
is converted into energy for a range of applications, such as cooking, heating, or electricity
generation. Throughout this process, proper waste management practices are also integral.
Based on the Output Table, biogas serves as an environmentally friendly and sustainable
source of energy production. In addition to contributing to renewable energy initiatives by
powering cooking, heating, and electricity needs and thereby reducing reliance on fossil fuels, its
utilization yields significant environmental benefits. Notably, it aids in the reduction of greenhouse
gas emissions and efficient waste management. Simultaneously, biogas offers economic
advantages. This includes cost savings for users, the potential for generating income from surplus
biogas sales, and the creation of job opportunities within the biogas industry.
In conclusion, the research relies on cow dung and chicken manure as primary raw
materials, emphasizing monitoring environmental conditions and specifying the biogas digester
type, size, and location. Expertise in biogas production and adequate financial resources are
crucial. The biogas production process includes collection, mixing, anaerobic digestion, and gas
utilization, benefiting renewable energy initiatives, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and
offering economic advantages like cost savings, income generation, and job opportunities within
the biogas industry.
IV. STATEMENT IF THE PROBLEM
The conduct of this innovation aims to develop a sustainable and environmentally friendly
source of biogas using cow dung and chicken manure. The primary objective of this problem
statement is to systematically identify and clarify the critical obstacles, thereby creating a
foundation for the development of efficient solutions and the optimization of the advantages
associated with employing cow dung and chicken manure as a biogas feedstock. Specifically,
this research study aimed to answer the following question:
1.
Can this study and innovation improve biogas production's efficiency,
sustainability, and scalability from cow dung and chicken manure?
2.
How effective is the
cow dung and chicken manure in sustainable and
environmentally friendly source of biogas in terms of;
3.
2.1.
waste management
2.2.
resource availability
2.3.
environmental benefits?
Compared to other feedstock options, What are the advantages and
disadvantages of using cow dung and chicken manure in biogas production?
V. ASSUMPTION HYPOTHESIS
Assumptions
1. The availability and accessibility of cow dung and chicken manure as consistent and viable
raw materials for biogas production.
2. The successful monitoring of environmental conditions, including temperature, pH levels,
and moisture content, throughout the biogas production process.
3. The existence of financial resources to secure funding for both the initial setup and
ongoing maintenance of the experimental infrastructure required for biogas production
research.
Hypothesis
Research Question: Can this study and innovation improve biogas production's efficiency,
sustainability, and scalability from cow dung and chicken manure?
H0: The study and innovation does improve biogas production's efficiency, sustainability,
and scalability from cow dung and chicken manure.
H1 : The study and innovation does not improve biogas production's efficiency,
sustainability, and scalability from cow dung and chicken manure.
VI. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
In this study, the researcher's primary objective is the production of biogas as a
sustainable alternative to conventional gas sources, aimed at reducing the need for purchasing
commercial gas. Biogas, a combustible gas derived from the anaerobic digestion of organic
materials such as cow dung, kitchen waste, and industrial effluent, serves as a promising energy
source.
The central variable under investigation is the retention time, which plays a crucial role in
ensuring the long-lasting and practical use of the produced biogas. It is anticipated that biogas
production will prove economically advantageous, particularly given its source materials: cow
dung, kitchen waste, and industrial effluent, potentially leading to substantial cost savings for
households and industries alike.
The strengths of this research lie in the eco-friendliness of biogas, its capacity to reduce
impurities and its positive impact on mitigating soil and water pollution. However, it's worth noting
that the biogas industry is still in a nascent stage, necessitating further research and development
efforts to enhance technology and improve production efficiency.
(Indicate the scope and limitation of the target population and research location)
VII. DEFINITION OF TERMS
(Indicate the Merriam definition with citation before the operational definition)
Biogas. It is a combustible gas produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic
materials, such as cow dung and chicken manure. It can be used as an alternative and renewable
source of energy.
Organic Waste. It is any material that is biodegradable and comes from either a plant or
an animal. Biodegradable waste is organic material that can be broken into carbon dioxide,
methane or simple organic molecules.
Agricultural Waste. It is unwanted or unsalable materials produced wholly from
agricultural operations directly related to the growing of crops or raising of animals for the primary
purpose of making a profit or for a livelihood.
Sustainable. Sustainability refers to the capacity to maintain or support a particular
activity or process over the long term without causing significant harm to the environment, society,
or economic resources. In the context of this research, it pertains to the environmentally
responsible and long-term use of cow dung and chicken manure for biogas production.
Environmentally Friendly. Being environmentally friendly means that a practice, product,
or process has a minimal negative impact on the environment. In your research, it relates to the
eco-friendly aspects of utilizing cow dung and chicken manure as feedstock for biogas production.
Cow Dung. Cow dung refers to the solid and liquid excrement produced by cattle, primarily
composed of organic matter, including digested and undigested plant materials, fecal matter, and
urine.
Chicken Manure. Chicken manure is the excrement produced by domesticated poultry,
such as chickens, typically consisting of a mixture of feces and urine, as well as bedding material.
It is a valuable source of nutrients for plants.