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Introduction
E/ementary Vocabu/ary is for students who are doing a beginner's course in English
and wish to eheek and expand their basie voeabulary. Students at intermediate level
will also find it useful for eheeking and testing themselves. The book presents
essential words from a variety of com mon, everyday topie areas, voeabulary whieh all
learners will need to know at an early stage of their studies. The varied and
enjoyable exercises include gap-filling, matehing and word-building.
To the student
If you are studying without a teaeher, do not simply go through the book 'filIing in
the blanks'. When you learn new words. praetise them and note the spelling before
you do other exereises. It is not enough simply to understand new words: if you
want the words to become part of your aetive voeabulary, you must use them in
conversation, composition ar letters.
To the teacher
E/ementary Vocabu/ary is divided into eight seetions, eaeh presenting words on a
different basis of seleetion and in a variety of exereises in whieh words are
eontextualised. Dictionary Practice is provided by the first seetion. The next twa
sections. Topics and How to ...• contain words and phrases in basie topie areas sueh
as Shopping and How to use a Cassette P/ayer, and include items useful for students
writing about or diseussing a partieular topie. The fourth seetion, Re/ated Word
Groups, contains sets of essential adjeetives, verbs and nouns whieh students should
know before proeeeding to the intermediate level. The fifth seetion, Word Bui/ding,
eneourages students to be aware of how word s are formed and should help them to
deduee the meanings of unknown words by recognising common patterns in word
formation. The sixth seetion, Idioms, is an introduetion to the everyday idiomatie
usage of com mon voeabulary. The seventh seetion, Miscellaneous. is a referenee
seetion giving invaluable, praetieal information on the most common abbreviations
and rules of pronuneiation and spelling. Word Games provides spelling and
voeabulary praetiee through a variety of exereises.
Throughout the book there are 'information
information about words and their usage.
boxes' eontaining interesting
E/ementary Vocabu/ary ean be used in a variety of ways. Exereiseswill probably be
most effeetive if students do them only after the subjeet matter has been introdueed
and explained. The book should not be used to give students a series of meehanieal
tests. Exercisesean be dane as pair ar group aetivities in class. folIowed by diseussion
ar other ereative tasks in whieh the students are required to use the words they have
learnt. Simpler exereises ean be dane as homework. after suitable c1asspreparation
ar with the aid of the key or a dietionary.
Note: a companion volume, Intermediate Vocabulary. also contains a number of
exercises suitable for elementary learners and these exercises will supplement the
materia I in this book.
~
Addison Wesley Longman Limited
Edinburgh Gate
Har/ow, Essex CM20 2JE, Eng/and
and associated companies throughout
the wor/d.
© B J Thomas 1990
F;rst published by Edward Arnold,
a division ot Hodder and Stoughton
Second and subsequent
This (revised) edition
Ltd
editions tirst published
published
by Addison
by Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd 1990
Wesley Longman
Limited 1996
ISBN 0-17-557128-7
Ali rights reserved. No part of this pub/icatian may be reproduced, stored in a retrieva/ system,
ar transmitted in any form ar by any means, e/ectronic, mechanica/, phatacopying,
recarding ar
atherwise, withaut the priar written permission af the Publishers.
Printed in
IIlustrated
by Gillian Martin,
Dave Remnant
Contents
Introduction
Dictionary Practice 1
Topics
v
The Family 3, Transport 4, Parts of the Body 5, Clothes 6, Bathroom and Bedroom 7,
Living Room 8, In the Street 9, The Seaside 10, The Country 11, The House 12,
The Weather 13, Going Shopping 14, Work 16, Education 18, Money 20, A Life 21,
Sport 23, Free Time and Holidays 25, Illness and the Doctor 27, In the Morning 29,
The Telephone 31, Watching Television 32
How To Do Things
How to do the Washing up 33, How to make an English Breakfast 34,
How to do Keep-fit Exercises35, How to use a Radio Cassette Player 36
Related Word Groups
Basic Adjectives 37, Basic Adjectives: opposites 38, Verbs 40, Action Verbs 41,
Adjectives describing Character 42, People's Appearance 43, Materials 45,
Geographical Words 45
Word Building
'ful' and 'less' 46, 'Interesting' and 'Interested' etc. 46, 'er' and 'or' 47, 'ist' and 'an' 47,
'Hourly', 'Daily' etc. 47, 'en' 48, Number + Noun 48, 'un', 'dis', 'in', 'im', 'ii', 'ir' 49,
Adverbs of Manner 50, Compound Nouns 51, Word Forms 52
Idioms
Verb Phrases 55, Touch 57, Prepositional Phrases 57, Pairs 59, Time 59, 'Mind' 59,
Things we Say 60
Miscellaneous
Abbreviations 61, Reading Dates and Numbers 62, Punctuation Marks 63,
Punctuation 63, Spelling: noun plurals 66, Spelling: verbs ending in 'y' 67,
Spelling: 'ing' form and regular 'ed' past tense/past participie 68,
Spelling: miscellaneous points 69, The British Isles 72
Word Games 73
Key 76
Dictionary Practice
Use a good dictionary to do the"following exercises. If you like, you can try to do
them without help first, but check your answers in a dictionary afterwards.
Finding words
Put the following words into alphabetical order.
book
boy
bath
both
break
bieycle
burn
bank
biscuit
blood
Finding pronunciation
1
In which of the following words is the -o pronounced
in 'hot' and in which is it pronounced lAI as in 'come'?
101 as
wrong
company
nothing
donkey
monkey
shop
among
love
mother
across
gone
done
son
bomb
Monday
2
In which of the following words is the -h not pronounced?
home
house
hour
exhausted
hair
honest
honour
high
hope
exhibition
!
y"
<J...-UP\
IC/lI'-{
j0C)/l-tef-.-r\.
Ur·
lCI
(l ~ •.x'). '
3
In each of the following four-word groups underline the two words with
exactly the same pronunciation . .uOlU.-O~1.U
e.g. peace peas pace piece (both words are pronounced Ipi:sI)
<;,
sew
still
fear
her
50
steeL
fur~
here
sir
style
f .e.lr
~r
hear
saw
steal
fa re :{«e.>.
hiiTr
toe
mail
~it
bar
too
m!lle
white
beaJ'
.:;"(...{('i
two
mil~.
wneatvo..
ba re
(p""f
7:.-,
5['-<.-Or~
tar
mili
~eight
beer
l c'
(of',I(r)
Finding stress
Mark the stressed syllable in the words below.
e.g. 'beautiful
under'stand 'finish
\
begin
'open
'offer
prE!fer
'photograph
phdtographer
photo'graphic
. ,
Important
breakfast
appointment
Finding spelling
1 What is the correct spelling of the -ing forms ('playing', 'sitting') of the
following verbs?
writfe I
pieniek
putl::
hope
lie ~
travell
die"l
beginn
stoPf
hiH
l
0,,--
I
2
Finish the spelling of the words below wit h the correct endings from
those above each group.
-s -es (noun plurals)
radio_
potatoc~
hero_
kilo_
-er -or -ar
beginn_
bacheL
prison_
burgl_
3
Correct the spelling mistakes in the following words.
hollyday
sistem
seperate
proffeser
allways
adress
greatfu I
imediately
translat_
inspecC
accomodation
responsable
Finding meaning
1 Oivide the following word groups into groups of equal num ber below
the correct headings above each group.
parts of a book
parts of the body
index
chest
thigh
thumb
cJothing parts
wallet
sniff
lapel
contents
cover
human sounds
belt
comb
cough
ankle
page
chapter
wrist
things in our pockets
ticket
lining
key
yawn
zip
sneeze
cuff
purse
hiccup
2
Each of the following words can be used as a noun and also, with a
completely different meaning, as averb. Give a simple example of each.
e.g. book I read a book. I booked a ticket for the theatre.
suit
match
box
sink
iron
Finding different word parts
1
Put the past tense of the verbs into the sentences.
the c1asshistory. (teach)
(a) She
(b) He
(c) They
(d) The river
(e) He
(t)
She
in the war. (fight)
stones at the dog. (throw)
Iast night. (freeze)
the beer quickly (drink)
to stay at home. (prefer)
2
For each phrase below give a word beginning with 'night' which has the
same meaning, e.g. garment wom by a woman in bed (Answer: nightdress)
terrible, frightening dream
hours ot darkness
I
time ot day when it gets dark
last drink, usually alcoholic, betore going to bed
Topics
The Family
1 Look at the picture and then put the correct words in the sentences.
son
aunt
niece
cousins
husband
daughter children
wife
uncle
sister
nephew
parents
brother
(a) Bill is Vera's
, sa ot course she's Bill's
(b) Bill and Vera have twa
" Ray and Kate.
(c) Ray and Amy have a
, Jill, and a
(d) Joe is Jill's
and Jill is Joe's
(e) Di and Don's
are Kate and Bob.
(t)
Jill and Joe are Di and Don's
(g) Bob is Jill and Joe's
Kate is their
(h) Jill is the
ot Kate and Bob. Joe is their
, Joe.
o
2 Instructionsasabove.
grandson
grandparents
father-in-Iaw
grandchildren
brother-in-Iaw
grandfather
granddaughter
grandmother
mother-in-Iaw
son-in-Iaw
sister-in-Iaw
daughter-in-Iaw
(a) Bill and Vera have tour
, Joe, Jill, Di and Don.
(b) Bill and Vera are the
ot Joe, Jill, Di and Don.
(c) Don is Bill's
Bill is Don's
Di is Vera's
(d) Vera is Di's
(e) Amy isn't the daughter ot Bill and Vera. She's their
(t)
Bill is Amy's
and Vera is her
(g) Kate isn't Amy's real sister. She's her
(h) Bob is Ray's
and he's the
ot Bill and Vera.
o
o
3 Givethe following relationships.
e.g. Rayand Oi = uncle and niece
(a) Di and Don
(b) Bob and Di
(c) Vera and Ray
(d) Don and Joe
(e)
(t)
(g)
(h)
Kate and Jill
Ray and Don
Bill and Bob
Bob and Kate
(i)
Q)
(k)
(I)
Bob and Ray
Vera and Don
Bill and Jill
Vera and Amy
I
Transport
1
Match each
below.
ot the tollowing words with the correct letter in the picture
car
(aero)plane
lorry
helicopter
ship
train
boat
bus
van
motor-bike (motor-cycle)
bike (bicycle)
underground train
2
Put the correct verbs trom the tollowing
It necessary, add -s or -es.
list in the passage below.
reach
pay
wait
get(2)
take(2)
go
arrive
I sometimes (a)
to school on foot, but usually I (b)
a bus because
it's quicker by bus. I (c)
for the bus at the bus-stop. When it (d)
at
the stop, I (e)
on and (f)
my fare. When the bus (g)
the
school, I (h)
oft. The journey (i)
about half an hour.
3
oft
Use the correct word tram the tollowing list, or nothing, in the sentences.
on
at
(a) Ann went
school
(b) She waited
the bus
(c) When the bus arrived
(d) Finally the bus reached
4
for
by
to
bus today, not
foot.
the bus-stop.
the bus-stop, she got
the school bus-stop and Ann got
o
_
Describe how you (a) go to school or work, (b) made a long journey.
Parts of the Body
1
Match each word
pictures below.
bottom
knee
tongue
arm
shoulder
hair
fingers
hand
2
in the following
chest
toes
waist
thumb
neck
ear
head
heel
list with the correct letter in the
leg
eye
lips
nose
sole
back
mouth
elbow
foot (pl: feet)
tooth (pl: teeth)
Complete the following sentences wit h the correct words frem Exercise 1.
(a) We piek things up with our
(b) lliek an iee-cream with my
(c) To eat something, I put it in my
(d) We comb and brush our
(e) He had a cold and blew his
(f) I brush my
regularly, especially after eating.
I
Clothes
1 Match each word in the tollowing
pictures below.
blouse
jacket
sweater
overcoat
2
on
casual jacket
underwear
tee-shirt
trousers
cap
tie
hat
shirt
list with the correct letter in the
jeans
shoes
boots
Put the correct words trom the tollowing
in
with
suit
dress
shorts
belt
socks
skirt
list in the sentences below.
(a) He's dressed
a dark suit.
(b) She's got a yellow dress
(c) Who's the man
the red tie?
(d) Maria's the girl
the white blouse and black skirt.
(e) It was very cold. He had an overcoat
_
(f) I remember her. She was the one
green shoes.
o
I
3
Describe how you or a tri end are dressed using the phrases in Exercise 2
(or simply 'He's wearing
') and adjectives Iike old, new, smart, casual,
dean, dirty, red, blue etc.
Bathroom and Bedroom
1
Match each word in the tollowing list wit h
picture below.
blanket
toilet
bed
hanger
bat h
stool
nightdress
pillow
mirror
sheets
wardrobe
pyjamas
the correct letter in the
dressing-gown
tiles
chest ot drawers
wash-basin
p
j-~': .
t
2
Complete the tollowing sentences with the correct words trom Exercise 1.
(a) We hang trousers, jackets and dresses in the
(b) We keep shirts and underwear in the
(c) I sleep wit h my head on the
(d) I wash my hands in the
(e) We sleep between the
under a warm
(t)
I take my
aft betore I go to bed.
3
on
Put the correct words trom the tollowing
in
to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(t)
I put an extra blanket
my bed.
I hang my c10thes
hangers __
the wardrobe.
I go
bed at midnight.
I put my head
the pillow.
I sat
the stool.
I keep underwear
the chest ot drawers.
4
Cover the words in Exercise 1 and name the things in the picture.
list in the sentences below.
I
Living room
1 Match each word
picture below.
switch
sofa
lamp
Iight
ceiling
floor
in the tollowing list wit h the correct letter in the
rug
mat
fan
armchair
radio
carpet
cushion
bookcase
television
waste-paper bin
~3
2
Complete the tollowing sentences with the correct words trem Exercise 1.
(a) I watch
while I am sitting on the
er in an
(b) I sometimes listen to the
_
(c) If it's too hot, I put on the
_
(d) I keep my books in a
_
(e) I don't keep old letters. I put them in the
_
(f) I put a
on the sofa to make it more comfortable.
3
in
®
_
Put the correct words trem the tollowing list in the sentences below.
on
to
(a) Put
the fan.
(b) The books are
the bookcase.
(c) He was listening
the radio.
(d) She sat
an armchair.
(e) They were sitting
the sofa.
(f) Put it
the waste-paper bin.
I
4
Cover the words in Exercise 1 and name the things in the picture.
(
In the Street
1
Match each word in the following list with the correct letter in the
picture below.
kerb
signs
road
bus-stop
crossing
oJ/f'
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
.':
car park
post-box
lamp-post
gutter
parking meter
~~:;
.,_
queue
Iitter-bin
poster
parking warden
pavement
traffic-Iights
crossroads
railings
pedestrians (people on foot)
.'
Complete the following sentenceswit h the correctwords from Exercise1.
We stand in a
to wait for a bus at a
The cars wait until the
tum to green.
You can cross the road at a
Big advertisements are called _
s.
We should put waste paper in a
A
has to make sure that motorists use
s correctly.
3
Put the correct words fram the following list in the sentencesbelow.
on
at
in
to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
You can leave your car
a car park or
a parking meter.
They stood
a queue
the bus-stop.
Put that
a litter-bin.
red.
The traffic-lights have turned
The pedestrian was just standing
the pavement.
4
Cover the words in Exercise1 and name the things in the picture.
I
The Seaside
1
Match each word in the following
picture below.
rocks
sand
c1iff
wave
canoe
tent
hotel
kayak
stones
beach
pier
tovvel
list with the correct letter in the
sea
horizon
bungalovv
sunshade
motor-boat
sailing boat
svvimming-costume
rovving boat
2
Cover the words in Exercise 1 and name the things in the picture.
Usethe following phrases.
on the left
in the background
in the middle
in the foreground
I
on the right
The Country
1
Match each word in the following list with the correct letter in the
picture below.
h iII
tractor
bridge
valley
sheep and lamb
farm
stream
forest
cow and calf
chicken and chick
waterfall
wood
barn
horse and foal
field
pond
spade
duck and duckling
~
2
Cover the words in Exercise 1 and name the things in the picture.
I
The House
1 Match each word in the following list with the correct letter in the
picture below.
curtain
aerial
blind
fence
chimney
garden
stairs
floor
roof
path
gate
wall
shutter
door
garage
satellite dish
-........
1---•......•
=
2
I
Cover the words in Exercise 1 and name the things in the picture.
D
The Weather
Match each ot the tollowing words with the correct picture.
forecast
e10ud
® ®
fog
mist
®~
sun
snow
wind
® @ ®~®o
.
4~~\/~
~ lil I
l/;
rain
®
cj.
I>
o
2
Put each ot the tollowing adjectives in the correct space in the passage
below.
wet
dry
hot
mild
freezing
changeable
cold
warm
elear
e10udy
I always watch the weather forecast on television to see what tomorrow's weather
will be like. In England the weather changes very often. 11'5very (a)
Sometimes it rains for a day ar twa, but after the (b)
weather, often with
noisy thunderstorms, it is sometimes (c)
for a lon g time, with no rain at alI.
On same days the sun shines and the sky is (d)
, but on other days it is sa
(e)
you can't see the sun. The summers aren't usually very (f) __
but
In winter it is
the temperature usually reaches 25°, sa it's quite (g)
sometimes quite (h)
and pleasant but sometimes i1'svery (i)
ar even
The climate isn't very good for holidays but it makes the countryside
(j)
green.
o
o
3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Finish each sentence on the left below with the correct verb on the right.
(1) shines.
We get wet when it
When i1'svery cold, everything
(2) rains.
Children enjoy playing games when it
(3) blows.
l1'scold in England when a north wind
(4) freezes.
(e) It's warm and pleasant when the sun
(5) pours.
(f) When it rains very heavily, it
(6) snows.
4
What's the weather like in your country?
I
Going Shopping
1
Match each ot the tollowing words with the correct item in the picture.
shelves
queue
customers
assistant
check-out
till
cashier
manager
trolley
basket
2
Put each ot the tollowing words or phrases in the correct space in the
passage below.
pay
buy
push
sell
tind
need
spend
complain
take
look for
Ilove shopping. Ilove looking round the shops and seeing all the things and all the
people. My friends say Ilike to (a)
money. 11'5 probably true. There's a very
good supermarket near me. They have everything you (b)
for your house. If
you want a tin of sardines, a tube of toothpaste, a box of chocolates, a carton of
milk, a packet of biscuits, a bottle of beer or a jar of jam, you can (c)
it at
the supermarket. They (d)
everything. If you want a lot of things, you can
use a trolley and (e)
it in front of you. If you don't want much, you can use
a smali basket. Then (f)
the things you want. If you can't (g)
them
on the shelves, ask an assistant for help. When you see what you want, you just
(h)
it from the shelves and put it in the trolley. When you have everything,
you must stand in the queue at the check-out to (i)
Give your money to the
cashier. He or she will put it in the till and give you your change. If there is anything
wrong, if the service isn't good, customers can G)
to the manager. Gur
supermarket is super.
o
I
3
Put the correct word or phrase from the following list in each space.
from
round
in front of
for
on
at
in
to
(a) Before I buy, I look
the shop.
(b) I must buy some things
my house.
(c) You can buy almost everything
the supermarket.
(d) I pushed the trolley
me.
(e) There's some nice fruit
that shelf.
(f) I asked an assistant
some help.
(g) I took some biscuits
the shelf.
(h) I put the bottles
my trolley.
(i) I had to wait
a queue.
the cashier.
G)
I gave the correct money
4
jar
Match each of the following words with the correct picture.
carton
tin
bottle
tube
box
packet
In which of the above containers do we usually buy the following things?
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
E.g. soup: tin or packet
(h) wine
(i) matches
G)
glue
(k) fruit juice
(I) face cream
(m) marmalade
(n)
(o)
(p)
(q)
(r)
(s)
fruit salad
honey
sugar
cigarettes
paint
rice
5
On the left below are phrases we often use in shops. Match each one to
the assistant's correct replyon the right.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Can Itry this jacket on?
Does this jacket suit me?
Does this jacket fit me?
Can I pay by cheque?
I'm afraid I only have a El0 note.
Can I exchange this?
Can I have my money back?
(1) Of course, if you have some kind of bank card.
(2) I'm afraid we don't give refunds.
(3) Certainly. There's a changing room over there.
(4) It's alittle tOG long. Try a smaller size.
(5) If you have a receipt.
(6) That's all right. I can change it.
(7) Yes, it's just the right colour and style for you.
I
Work
1
Match each word or phrase on the left below with the correct phrase on
the right.
(1) certificates and exams passed
(a) wages
(b) skills
(2) a talk with a company about a possible job
(3) the times when you work
(c) e~perience
(4) points in your character (politeness, honesty etc.)
(d) qualifications
(e) interview
(5) abilities, things you can do (type, drive etc.)
(f) hours
(6) work of the same type you have done before
(g) personal qualities
(7) money you get, usually hourly or weekly ('salary'
is usually monthly or annually)
2
Put each ot the words on the left in Exercise 1 above in the correct space
in the tollowing conversation.
Valerie:
Hello, I'm Valerie Woods. I've come for an (a)
for a job as a
secretary.
Mr Watts: Oh yes, Miss Woods. Please take a seat. Well, have you done office wark
befare? Have you any (b)
Valerie:
Well, I'm afraid I haven't. I've just left college. But I have some
(c)
Here are my typing and shorthand certificates.
Mr Watts: Good. Have you any other (d)
Can you use a computer?
Valerie:
No, but I speak French and Spanish.
Mr Watts: Good. Your teachers tell us you're very careful and you get on well wit h
other people, 50 there's no problem about your (e)
In fact you
seem very suitable.
Valerie:
Thank you. Can I just make sure of one or two points? I believe the
(f)
are f150 a week. 15 that right?
Mr Watts: Yes, that's right. And the (g)
are nine to five, Monday to Friday.
Well, we'd like to have you, Miss Woods.
Valerie:
Thank you very much. I think the job will suit me very well.
l
o
l
o
3
Finish each sentence on the left with the correct phrase on the right.
(a) He found
(1) in his work.
(b) He was
(2) an advertisement.
(c) He applied
(3) his wark very interesting.
(d) He answered
(4) at science and mathematics.
(e) He had
(5) honest and hard-working.
(f) He was interested
(6) to the company for a job.
(g) He was very good
(7) a lot of experience.
I
4
Match each job in the following
scientist
librarian
secretary
waiter
priest
farmer
porter
lawyer
actress
list with the correct picture.
businessman
carpenter
mechanic
journalist
labourer
footballer
5
We often use the following adjectives to describe different kinds of jobs.
Using a dictionary to find the meanings if necessary, give one or two
examples of jobs from Exercise 4 for each adjective.
E.g. badly-paid (with low wages or salary): labourer, porter
(a)
(b)
(c)
interesting
boring
mentally hard
6
Describe
(d)
(e)
(f)
physically hard
exciting
well-paid
(a) a job that you have had
(b) the job you have now
(c) the job that you would like to have in the future
I
Education
1 Put eachof the following words in the correct spacein the passage
below.
staff
terms
primary school
play-school
pupils
compulsory
learn
mixed
start
Bobby's parents decided to send him to a (a)
when he was three. They
wanted him to (b)
to play with other children. In Britain children must, by
law, (c)
school at the age of five. Education is (d)
from then.
Bobby's first real school was the (e)
There are three (f)
a year and
holidays at Christmas, Easter and in summer. The (g)
are boys and girls
together, 50 it's a (h)
schoo!. The teachers on the (i)
are young and
friendly. Bobby likes the schoo!.
o
2
Instructionsasabove.
secondaryschool
private school
take
fail
specialise
subjects
state school
marks
pass
Sally has just started her new school at the age of 11. There are different kinds of
Sally's school is a
school from this age, but the general term for them is (a)
Some parents pay to send their
government school, usually called a (b)
At first Sally will take a lot of different (d)
(history,
children to a (c)
English, chemistry etc.) but, after a few years, she'lI begin to (e)
in things
she is good at and interested in. Then she'lI (f)
some exams. If she can
(g)
a number of exams with good (h)
(AB,C), it will help her to get
a good job. Of course she hopes she doesn't (i)
o
o
o
o
3
Instructionsasabove.
courses
grant
last
student
degree
keen
studies
fees
graduate
Harry is 21. He passed his school exams with goodmarks and left school at 19. Now
he's at university. He's a (a)
and he receives a (b)
from the state to
help him pay the university (c)
and his personal expenses. He is very
(d)
on his subject, mathematics, and it will be useful to him in the future.
He works hard and enjoys his (e)
. University (f)
in Britain usually
(g)
for three years. After this, Harry hopes to (h)
. A good
(i)
will get him a good job.
4
Instructionsasabove.
mark
behave
strict
lessons
graduate
homework
teacher training college
Jo is a teacher of English in a state secondary schoo!. She's a (a)
of Sussex
University with a degree in English Literature. When she graduated, she first worked
in an office but was bad at typing and soon got bored with the job. She decided to
teach, 50 she went to a (b)
Jo teaches six different (c)
of children
between the ages of 12 and 18. The pupils enjoy her (d)
, but she finds it
hard work. She gives the children a lot of (e)
to do, and every evening she
has to (f)
it and (g)
for the next day. One problem is that the
children in Jo's school don't (h)
very wel!. They're often impolite. Jo and the
other teachers have to be very (i)
with them.
o
I
prepare
c1asses
5
Put the correct word frem the following
trom
in
with
between
ot
list in each space below.
at
to
on
(a) Bobby started school
the age ot tive.
(b) They have a holiday
Christmas.
(c) There's a holiday
the summer, too.
(d) The teachers
the staff are very young.
(e) Sally goes
a secondary school.
(t)
She'lI probably pass
good marks.
(g) Harry's
university.
(h) He gets a grant
the state.
(i) Mathematics will be very usetul
him
Q)
Betty's a teacher
English.
(k) She's a graduate
Sussex University.
(I) She has a degree
English Literature.
(m) Her pupils are
12 and 18.
(n) She's very strict
them.
the tuture.
6
Use complete sentences to say what school subjects you are, or were
good at
bad at
interested in
bored with
keen on
You can choose frem the following list of subjects, using a dictionary if
necessary to find the meanings.
Iiterature
biology
art
history
languages
computers
mathematics
chemistry
sport
physics
geography
7
Use complete sentences to answer the following questions about schools
in your country and your own education.
(a) Do children usually go to play-schools? Are they tree?
(b) Between what ages is education compulsory?
(c) When do you have holidays?
(d) How long are they?
(e) What different kinds ot secondary schools are there?
(t)
Are they mixed schools?
(g) Are there many private schools?
(h) Did you specialise in certain subjects at school? Which ones?
(i) Did you take any exams? What were the results?
Q)
What did you do, or what would you like to do, at university?
(k) How long do university courses last?
(I) Do students receive grants?
(m) Do you have to be a graduate to teach in a state school?
(n) Did you do, or do you do, a lot ot homework at school?
(o) Do pupils behave well at school?
I
Money
1
Put each of the following verbs in the correct space in the passage.
pay back
borrow
spend
earn
save
afford
open
owe
lend
pay
Pam, I'm in trouble. I (a)
f200 a week trom my job, but I need to
(b)
about f250 a week just on basic things like tood, rent and tares.
some money. Can you
I can't make ends meet on f200. I've got to (c)
help?
Pam: Yes, OK. I'm quite well-off at the moment. I can (d)
you f100. Here
you are. But why don't you (e)
a bank account? It's very simple. Then
you can (t)
a little bit every week, and you won't be so hard-up.
Joy: Pam, I haven't got enough money to put in a bank account! I can't
(g)
my gas and electricity bills. I can't (h)
to go on holiday.
I'm not just a bit hard-up. I've got no money at alI. I'm broke! Anyway, thanks
tor your help. I promise to (i)
the f100 next month. I don't like to be
you f100.
in debt. I won't torget. I now G)
Joy:
2
Put each of the following words or phrases in the correct space in the
sentences below.
broke
hard-up
in debt
well-off
make ends meet
(a) She earns a lot ot money. She's very
_
(b) He never has a lot ot money. He can't attord luxuries. He's always
_
(c) 1'11have to get an extra job in the evenings. I can't
on my salary.
(d) I'm sorry I can't lend you any money. I haven't got any. I'm absolutely
(e) He's
. He owes money to me and to the bank too.
3
in
Put the correct word from the following
trom
on
_
list in each space below.
(a) He earns f150
his evening job.
(b) I spend f8 a week
tares.
f500 a month.
(c) She has to make ends meet
(d) I put some money
my bank account.
I
4
First match each item on the left below with its meaning on the right.
Then divide the words into two groups under the headings 'Income' (money
you receive) and 'Expenditure' (money you spend).
(a) taxes
(1) cinema, theatre, restaurant meals etc.
(b) pocket-money
(2) money tor transport, e.g. bus, train, taxi
(c) salary
(3) part ot income paid to government
(d) entertainment
(4) money parents give children every week
(e) rent
(5) money trom work, usually hourly or weekly
(t)
interest
(6) money tor lighting, heating in your house
(g) wages
(7) money tram work, usually monthly or annually
(h) pension
(8) e.g. 6% a year trom your money in the bank
(i) tares
(9) money tor people who stop work at the age ot about 60
U)
gas and electricity
(1 O)weekly or monthly payments tor your room, tlat or
bills
house
5
Can you think of any more items of income or expenditure?
6
Answer the following
questions using complete sentences.
(a) What do you spend your money on?
(b) How much does a doctor earn in your country?
(c) Do you save any money? If so, how (bank, cash)?
(d) Is it easy to open a bank account in your country? How much do you need to start?
(e) Do you owe money? Who to? When will you pay back the money?
(f) Is there something you want to do but can't afford to?
(g) Do you often lend money? Who do you lend it to?
(h) Do you often borrow money? Who do you borrow it fram?
(i) Do people in your country receive a state pension when they are old?
How old are they when they begin to receive it?
O)
What bills do you have to pay?
(k) How much pocket-money did you receive when you were 12 years old?
(I) In your country, what percentage of a person's income is taken in taxes?
A Life
1
Put each of the following
bring up
was born
leave
join
verbs in the correct space in the passage.
settle down
come trom
educate
grow up
move
become
Interviewer:
Freddie, you're Scotland's number one footballer. Tell us about your
early life. Where were you bom?
Freddie Fox: Well, I (a)
in the North of Scotland 22 years ago. I (b)
a smali, quiet village. It was a nice place for a child to (c)
and
in the future I'd like to (d)
my own children in the country.
Interviewer: And where did you go to school?
Freddie Fox: Well, education is sometimes a problem in the country. My parents
couldn't (e)
me themselves so I had to travel several miles to
the nearest schoo!. But then my father had to (f)
to Glasgow
for his work.
Interviewer: And you were invited to (g)
Rangers Football Club.
Freddie Fox: That's right. I was 16 so I was able to (h)
school and
(i)
a professional footballer.
Interviewer: And what about the future?
Freddie Fox: Well, I don 't know. I'm still young. 1'11get married. 1'11play football as
long as I can. When I stop, I hope to get a job as a club manager. And
in the North of Scotland again.
finally I'd like to G)
2
as
Put the correct word tram the following
in
at
trom
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
He's
the army.
He was bom
South Wales.
I come
Sydney, Australia.
the future I'd like to be a doctor.
llive
the country, not the town.
the moment I'm a secretary.
1'lIleave my job
a few years.
She wants to get a job
a nurse.
list in each space below.
I
3
Finish each sEmtence on the left with the correct phrase on the right.
To be a soldier
(1) you join the tire-brigade.
To be a sailor
(2) you join the post office.
To be a tireman
(3) you join the civil service.
To be a policeman ar policewoman
(4) you join the army.
To be a postman
(5) you join the navy.
To be a civil servant (in a government office)
(6) you join the police tarce.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(t)
4
You
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Answer the following questions about yourself using complete sentences.
can sometimes use the phrases 'in 1978' or 'when I was 17' etc.
Where do you come tram? (village, town, region ar country)
Where were you barn?
Who were you brought up by?
Where did you grow up?
Did your tamily move? It sa, where to?
(t) Where were you educated?
(g) When did you start school?
(h) When did you leave school? Or when will you leave school?
(i) When did you get married? Or when would you like to get married?
G)
What did you do when you lett school? Or what will you do when you
leave school?
(k)
(I)
What would you Iike to do in the tuture?
Where would you like to settle down?
5
Using words from the exercises above (with verbs in the past tense)
describe the lives of the following
people.
(a)
1964
1967
1970-82
Yoko Tanaka
Barn Tokyo, Japan
Parents died, lived with aunt
School
1975
1982-86
1986-
Aunt moved to Kyoto with Yoko
Kyoto University
Civil Servant
I
Oscar Gonzalez
(b)
1937
1942-53
1953-65
1965-75
1975
19756
I
Barn Madrid, Spain, lived with parents
School
Navy
Police tarce (in Madrid)
Married
Security guard (in Barcelona)
Oescribe your own life.
Sport
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Match each word on the left below with the correct phrase on the right.
team
(1) someone who plays a sport, e.g. a footballer
player
(2) number of goals or points each player or team has
amateur
(3) group of sportsmen who play together, e.g. eleven footballers
professional
(4) person who controls a game
spectator
(5) someone who plays a sport as a paid job
crowd
(6) game, e.g. of football
(g) referee
(h) match
(i) score
2
(7) someone who plays a sport only for enjoyment, not money
(8) group of people who watch asporting event
(9) person who watches asporting event
Put each of the tollowing
win
lose
draw
verbs in the correct space in the passage.
train
beat
play
score
Ilove football. I don't just like to watch it. Ilike to (a)
, too. I belon g to a
team. Of course it's not my job. We're just amateurs, not professionals. Not many
people come to watch. We just have a smali crowd. In fact, there are sometimes
more players than spectators! We have a game every Saturday, but we (b)
together every Tuesday and Thursday evening to prepare and keep fit. We're quite a
good team. We (c)
most matches. We only (d)
a few, and
sometimes we (e)
(for example, last Saturday the score was 2:2). Next
Saturday our match is against a very good team, but I think we'lI (f)
them,
a goal or two. Oh, we have a problem. Do you know
and if I'm lucky 1'11 (g)
much about football? Would you like to run up and down in a black shirt and
shorts? aur referee has broken his leg. Would you like a job?
3
In most sports, a score ot O (zero) is called 'nil', but in tennis and
table-tennis it's called 'Iove'. A score ot 1:1, 2:2 etc. (a 'draw') is called 'one
all', 'two all' etc. How do we say the tollowing scores?
football
tennis/table-tennis
(a)
2:0
(b) 4:4
(c) 0:0
(d) 30:0
(e) 15:15
(f) o: 15
I
Match each ot the tollowing sports with the correct picture below.
basketball
horse-riding
boxing
cycling
skiing
baseball
tennis
badminton
volley-bali
shooting
cricket
table-tennis
golf
fishing
hockey
rugby
swimming
running
motor-racing
skating
football
4
5
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Can you tind the tollowing sporting items in the pictures above?
(11) cricket bat
(21) football
(12) helmet
(22) baseball glove
(13) baseball bat
(23) net
pistol
(14) baseball cap
(24) swimsuit
skis
(15) skate
(25) badminton racket
shuttlecock
(16) target
(26) golf club
basketball
(17) goal
(27) rugby bali
running shoe
(18) hockey stick
(28) basket
horse
(19) fishing rod.
(29) boxing ring
goggles
(20) tennis racket
(30) bicycle
6
Which sport do you Iike best, and why?
(1) boxing glove
(2) rUl1ning track
(3) racing car
(4)
I
Free Time and Holidays
In each space (a) in the three passages below put the word trom the
tollowing group (a) which best suits the person in the picture. Then do the
same tor (b), (c) etc.
(a) cultural things/parties/the open air
(b) sociable/serious/active
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
c1assica/musie/sport/dancing
meeting people/nature/reading
concerts/clubs/sporting events
libraries/the countryside/discos
go by plane/hitch-hike/take a train
hotel/youth hostels/camp sites
learn about other countries/have a good time/be
sunbathe/go for walks/visit historical places
c10seto nature
1
I love (a)
People say I'm (b)
I like
(c)
and (d)
50 I often go to (e)
and
On holiday I (g)
and stay at a nice
(f)
(h)
in Spain. I want to (i)
Every day I (j)
on the beach.
o
o
o
o
~
2 I'm keen on (a)
I'm a bit (b)
My
hobbies are (c)
and (d)
50 I spend a lot of
Holidays? We/I, I usually
time at (e)
and (f)
(g)
to save money and stay at (h) __
abroad
because I want to (i)
I (j)
there.
o
o
o
<r)-
o
~~
3 I'm very fond of (a)
I'm a very (b)
person. I enjoy (c)
and (d)
50 Ilove ali
Every summer my friends
(e)
and also (f)
and I (g)
somewhere and sleep in our tents at
(h)
We prefer to (i)
We (j)
o
o
o
o
I
ad.
4 Put the correct word trom the tollowing list in each space below.
on
at
to
by
of
about
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
I often go
discos and parties.
We stayed
a cheap hotel.
She sunbathes
the beach.
I'm very keen
musie.
I spend a lot of time
concerts.
I often go
concerts.
He stays
youth hostels.
He wants to learn
other countries.
I'm very fond
the open air.
G)
We stayed
a camp-site.
(k) They prefer to live c10se
nature.
(I) I'm going there
piane.
en
c:::
+-'
:E
u
.1::
m
~U
5
Fili in the table to show the advantages ot different types ot transport
and accommodation. The tirst one is done tor you as an example.
+-'
V
u
Q)
l.
>.
::J
Vl
.!:
u
.o
>
c..
o-'u
.::9
E
-c
+Q)
'Vi
en
o>.
oen
oQ) can use one tick or two.)
6.
oQj
>.you
(Note:
en
.!:
-S
'Q)
+- .!:
Accommodation
.~
x o o
+-' ::J -c
•N
-S
Ci.
'C
.I Transport
~
.1.1
..2
<tl
c:::
<tl
.~
Qj
..C<tl
c:::
..c:::
<tl
..C..C-
quick.
You
feel not
free dangerous.
to do as you Iike.
It's safe,
Vl
..C-
6
Say what you think ot the tree-time activities on the right below, using
the phrases on the left.
Ilove
I'm (not) interested in
I (don't) like
I'm (not) keen on
I (don't) enjoy
I get bored with
I
shopping.
window-shopping.
visiting museums and art galleries.
visiting historical places.
being in the countryside.
swimming and sunbathing.
going for walks.
meeting people.
eating and drinking.
collecting stamps, postcards ete.
cooking at home.
watching television.
7
Using words and phrases trom the exercises above, describe how you
spend (a) your tree time when you don't go away and (b) your holidays.
iii
IIIness and the Doctor
Match each
doctor
brain
ot the tollowing
patient
stomach
nurse
heart
2
Put each ot the tollowing
passage below.
look after
suffer
treat
keep
words with the correct item in the picture.
receptionist
chemist
lungs
words or phrases in the correct space in the
ache
cure
examine
operate
I am a family doctor. I have a nurse to help me and a receptionist to help the
patients when they come to see me. When Isee patients in my surgery, first Ilisten
to their problems, then I (a)
them. Then, if I can, I (b)
them for
their illnesses. Same simply have sore throats, headaches ar fiu and I give them a
prescription to take to the chemist. Others (c)
from serious diseases of the
heart, lungs, stomach ar even brain. I can't always (d)
them myself and
sometimes I have to send them to hospital for treatment. If something is seriously
wrong with them, the hospital will decide to (e)
on them. The trouble is
people don't (f)
themselves properly. It really isn't sa difficult to (g)
wel!. If your head begins to (h)
, have a rest. If you always feel tired, get
more exercise. Eat well. Have a good diet. And have a regular check-up with the
doctor.
I
3
for
Put the correct word trom the tollowing
on
in
with
to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
I saw the doctor
her surgery.
She listened
my problems.
They treated me
a heart problem.
I took the prescription
the chemist.
I hild to go
hospital far an operation.
Something's wrong
my back, doctor.
They operated
him immediately.
list in each space below.
4
For each sentence on the left below, tind the correct meaning on the
right.
(1) She couldn't see things far away.
(a) She got a hearing-aid.
(b) She had no appetite.
(2) Her head hurt.
(c) She was a bit deaf.
(3) She didn't want to eat anything.
(d) She was short-sighted.
(4) She bought something to help her hear better.
(e) She went on a diet.
(5) She rested.
(f) She had a headache.
(6) She couldn't hear very c1early.
(g) She cut down on cigarettes. (7) She decided to eat and drink only certain things.
(h) She took it easy.
(8) She smoked less.
5
For
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
G)
(k)
(I)
(m)
6
I
What advice would you give to a triend with the problems on the left?
each one, choose one or more items trom the right.
(1) Go and see a doctor.
I've cut my finger badly.
I think I've broken my leg.
(2) Take a day or two off wark.
I'm always tired.
(3) You'lI probably need an X-ray.
(4) Wny don't you haveyour f!jeStested?
I'm smoking too much.
I've got fiu.
(5) You should go on a diet.
I'm getting a bit short-sighted.
(6) The chemist will be able to give
you something for it.
I'm going deaf.
(7) Well, you'd better cut down.
I'm getting fat.
(8) You might need a hearing-aid.
(9) Just take it easy far a few days.
There'ssomething wrong with my heart.
I'm drinking too much.
(10) Go to bed for a few days.
I've lost my appetite.
(11) You should see a specialist.
(12) You need mare exercise.
I've got a headache.
(13) You may need an operation.
I'm sleeping badly.
Describe your own health and any health problems
you have.
L
In the Morning
1
Match each of the following words with the correct picture.
briefcase
shower
toothbrush
soap
teeth
hairbrush
newspaper
alarm c10ck
comb
c10thes
pyjamas
electric razor
t
N
2 The following sentences are what people usually do in the morning. Put
them in the right order, Le. what we do first, what we do next, what we do
after that, etc.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
I go into the bathroom.
I tum off my alarm-c1ock.
I get up.
I sleep very heavily.
I dress.
My alarm c10ck goes oft.
I go into the kitchen.
I wake up.
I have my breakfast.
U)
Ilie in bed for another ten minutes.
(k)
I brush my teeth and comb my hair.
(I)
I buy a newspaper.
(m) I catch a bus to work.
(n) I make my breakfast.
(o) I take my briefcase.
(p) Ileave the house.
(q)
(r)
I make my bed.
I have a shower.
I
3
Put the correct verb trom the tollowing
dress
put on
list in each sentence below.
wear
He's putting on his shirt.
He's dressing.
He's wearing a suit.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Policemen
cold. I think
I always
William is only
At a wedding,
After I get out
11'5
uniforms 50 everyone knows who they are.
1'11
a pullover before I go out.
very quickly in the morning.
a baby. His mother has to
his shoes for him.
people usually
their best c1othes.
of the swimming pool, I dry myself,
and go home.
4
Describe how you get up (a) on weekdays (working days) and (b) at
weekends and on holiday.
I
The Telephone
1
Match each verb on
(a) dial
(1)
(b) dial direct
(2)
(c) look up
(3)
(d) hol d on
(4)
(e) ring
(5)
the left with the correct phrase on the right.
wait
ring a phone number
phone a number yourself without using the operator
phone, cali
find information in a book
2
the
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Match each word or phrase on the left below wit h the correct phrase on
right.
wrong num ber
(1) busy (when someone is using the line you want)
(2) public phone box
directory
(3) person who helps you make a phone cali
directory enquiries
(4) phone number you get by mistake
off-peak
interference
(5) serviee you phone if you want to find a phone number
(6) book of phone numbers
engaged
(7) very far, opposite of 'local'
long-distance
call-box
(8) not 50 busy time (when phone ealls are eheaper)
(9) bad sound whieh makes it diffieult to hear
operator
Q)
receiver
(10) priees, charges
(k) rates
(11) part of the phone you speak into and listen to
3
Put each of the words on the left in exercise 2 above in the correct space
in the conversation below.
Bill: 15that Jane?
Nell: This is 377 0211. There's no one called Joan here.
Oh, just a moment, I want lane, not Joan.
Sorry, I must have the (a)
Oh sorry, yes. She's here. Hold on a moment.
Hello, this is Jane.
Hi, this is Bill. I tried to ring before, but the line was (b)
_
Yes, 1was talking to my mother in Australia.
Oh, a (c)
calI. Was it expensive?The (d)
are very high, aren't they?
Only if you go through the (e)
11'5quite eheap if you dial direct,
espeeially if you phone during the (f)
period.
Bill: Was it a good line? Was it easy to hear?
Jane: It usually is, but today there was a lot of (g)
~
Bill: I need some help, Jane. I tried to look up Amy's number in the (h)
but
I couldn't find it.
Bill:
Nell:
Jane:
Bill:
Jane:
Bill:
Jane:
Jane:
Bill:
Jane:
Bill:
o
o
I'm afraid I haven't got it. Why don't you cali (i)
?
I'm in the street, in a Q)
, and I've got no more money.
But i1'sfree. You just pick up the (k)
.,then you dial 142.
Oh yes, how stupid!
I
Watching Television
1
type
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
What do you usually see on different television programmes? Match each
ot programme on the left below with the correct item on the right.
nature films
(1) football, boxing, swimming etc.
quiz shows
(2) life in different countries
news and current aftairs
(3) people trying to win prizes by answering questions
soap operas
(4) advertisements for products
(e)
commercials
(5) animals, fish, birds, flowers, plants etc.
(f) travel films
(6) information about what's happening in the world
(g) comedies
(7) jokes and funny situations
(h) sport
(8) information for pupils and students
(i) educational programmes
(9) story of the daily life of a family
2
Which ot the programmes
above do you like? Use the tollowing
relaxing
exciting
amusing
E.g. I tind nature tilms interesting.
3
interesting
useful
Put the correct word or phrase trom the tollowing
turn on
(a) I
(b) I
(c) I
(d) I
(e)
I
(f) I
look up
plan
record
turn oft
words.
boring
list into the sentences.
switch
a programme if I don't like it.
good programmes on my video-recorder.
the television as soon as I get home.
to another channel if I'm bored.
my viewing very carefully.
the times of the programmes in the newspaper.
4
Answer the tollowing questions.
(a) What are your favourite types of programme?
(b) How do you watch television? (Do you plan carefully, record, watch everything?)
(c) How many hours television do you watch every day?
(d) What would you do without television?
(e)
15 television good in your country?
(f) How many channels have you got in your country?
(g) What are the advantages and disadvantages of television?
I
How to Do Things
How to do the Washing Up
1
Match each of the following words with the correct item in the picture.
dishes
sponge
brush
c10th
cupboard
drawer
sink
tap
washing-up liquid
draining-board
lt~-6~
®
2
Put each of the following verbs in the correct space in the instructions
below.
dry
add
rinse
drain
turn oft
put away
fili
turn on
1 First put ali the dirty dishes in the sink .
.2
the tap and
the sink with warm water. Then
.3 Now
some washing-up liquid.
4 Wash everything in the soapy water with a special sponge or brush.
5
everything in clean water.
6 Put everything on the draining-board to
for a few minutes.
7 Then
everything with a cloth.
8 Finally
ali the clean, dry things in cupboards or drawers.
3
the tap .
Do you wash the dishes like this or differently? Describe how you wash the
dishes.
I
How to make an English Breakfast
1
Match each of the following words or phrases with the correct picture
below.
bowl
salt
jug
pepper
tea-bag
teapot
frying-pan
table-e1oth
kettle
toaster
napkin
glass
®
2
Put each of the following verbs in the correct space in the instructions
below.
fry
add
2
3
4
I
5
6
7
8
boi!
stir
pour
lay
elear away
spread
___
the table (with the table-c1oth, knives, torks, spoons, plates,
glasses, napkins etc.)
To make tea, tirst
the water in a kettle.
Put a tea-bag in.a cup and
the boiling water on it. (This is
quicker than using a teapot.)
milk (trom a jug) and sugar (trom a bowl), and
with a
spoon.
Make some toast, using the toaster, and
butter on it.
eggs and bacon in a trying-pan.
Put it on a plate with the toast, and eat it wit h a little salt and pepper.
When you've tinished your breaktast,
ali the breaktast things.
II
How to do Keep-fit Exercises
Put each of the following verbs in the correct space in the instructions.
move
raise
lower
turn
hang
stand
2
I
\
\
1
with
your
your
your
3
4
2
I
I
4/*\
'~
2
\
\
I
your feet apart. Let your arms
by your sides.
arms above your head.
body first to the left, then to the right. (Don't
your feet.)
arms to your sides again.
Instructions as above.
touch
lean
hol d
bend
bring
straighten
31~A(i~
1
2
3
4
5
Sit on the front part of a chair, wit h your fe et on the floor.
the sides of the chair.
back against the back of the chair.
your knees, and
them up to
your chest.
your legs and lower them to the floor again.
3
Using words from the exercises above, give instructions how to do these
exercises.
3
'th
'fh
4th
.~
5
~h
4
2
/f~
3
4
A
I
873 will
ve
How to use a Radio/Cassette Player
1
Match each ot the tollowing words with the correct item in the
picture.
plug
knob
buttons
switch
batteries
controls
point
lead
2
Put each ot the tollowing verbs in the correct space in the instructions
below.
turn up
turn down
press
turn
unplug
plug in
switch on
switch oft
To
Next
First
Put
acan
cassette
the
and
the
machine.
the
'start'
button.
thetum
'volume'
knob.
the
sound
if quality
itmachine
ispoint.
tOG
When
you
finished
listening,
press
the
'stop'
button.
at1have
theinthe
point.
Finally,
low,
the
the
other
You
adjust
the
nearest
ofloud,
the
sound
byknob
using
the
otherway.
controls.
at
not be necessary if your machine is battery-operated)
Related Word Groups
7
(h)
an
overcoat
(m)
747
a
Ice
button
millionaire
cream
(q)
a
(o) (j)
sugar
sofa
aa
cat
horse
bottle
(n)
(t)knife
(i)
(I)
(s)
(r)
(k)
achocolate
space
plate
pencil
(p)
a
Sony
Walkman
an
Use
cup
orange
the rocket
above adjectives
toa Boeing
describe
each of the following.
passport
gun
(a)
Basic Adjectives:
opposites
In the exercises below rep lace each adjective
above.
1
thick
fat
deep
(a) It was a bad idea.
(b) He's very thin.
(c) The paper is thin.
lJ
hot
with its opposite
good
late
(d) I took an ear/y train.
(e) The water's very shallow.
(f) We had a co/d mea!.
2
wide
casual
young
calm
smali
dark
It's
He's
an
an
o/d
o/d
book.
man.
felt
nervous
about
her (d)
exam.
What
a
narrow
street!
She
wore
forma/
smooth
c1othes.
(e)
(f)
They
It's
a
big
are
poor
family.
major
The
I've
had
wood
aaroom.
quiet
was
very
day.
rough.
wealthy
busy
My
luggage
is evening.
/ight.
It
was
minor
heavy
anew
light
problem.
4
sa
feawas
It
short
terrib/e
blunt
wonderful
dean
news.
(e)
(f)
(d)
He
wearing
dirty
The
It's
It was
was
knife's
dangerous
a
private
very
sharp.
meeting.
place.
public
film
was
very
/ong.c1othes.
from the list
5
low
nice
50ft
sad
1am
innocent.
weak
slow
The
musie
was
too
loud.
bottle
is
fuli.
11'5
a
fast
train.
(e) The ehair was hardo
(d)
(f)
tight
huge
nast
y.
weather
was
an
quiet
stupid
intelligent
man.
What
avery
difficult
question!
dry
cheap
She's
arude
easy
strong
empty
woman.
They're
She
He's
feels
a
beautiful
very
polite
happy.
boy.
buildings.
They
My
belt
are
is
high
too
loose.
buildings.
ugly
It
guilty
an
awrong
tinyanimal.
expensive
wet
weather.
book.
Hewas
gave
the
right
answer.
I
draw
We
celebrate
disturb
olvefold
light
I
mend
feed
c1imb
houses
ar
walls.
fasten
taste
break
kick
knock
ride
rub
We
build
shake
nail
into
the
wall
wit
hgood.
a ahammer.
(3)
(4)
birthday
ar
success
by
having
ais
party.
aur
hands
ifwhen
it's
very
mountains,
stairs
(4)
football
ladders.
with
aur
fe
et.
c10thes
are
tom
have
holes
in
(2) and
food
hungry
animals
drink
to
and
see
ifar
it's
bottle
of
medicine
before
we
it.prison.
broken
machines,
old
cars
and
parts
of
acold.
house.
(5)
ourselves,
clothes
ar
a
parcel
we
before
pack,
ar
we
send
map
when
it.
we've etc.
bicycles,
motor-bikes
horses.
compare
our
jackets
ar
seat-belts.
twa
ar
more
who
do
things
wrong
to
see
by
which
sending
better,
them
to
cheaper
sing
(1)
a
(2)
songs.
pictures
picture
cigarette,
problem
eggs
aand
person's
and
on
to
a
the
make
we
maps.
candle
age
can.
wall
an
ifchildren.
ar
ar
we
omelette.
a
aur
don't
fire.
jacket
know
ondrink
it.
a them.
peg.
repair
punish
people
ifwhich
we
make
a
noise.
We
weigh
guess
hang
InVerbs
each group below complete each sentence on the left with the correct
1
(a)
finished
using
it.
phrase
on the
right.
--
Action Verbs
1
Match each of the following words with the correct picture.
hairdresser
artist
driver
athlete
dressmaker
c1eaner
A
o
7
Which of them do the following things?
Q) measure. cut and sew
(g) cut. shampoo and comb
(h) dust. sweep and polish
(k) draw. paint and sculpt
(i)
run. jump and throw
(I) accelerate. overtake and reverse
2
Instructions as above.
pilot
teacher
dentist
postman
soldier
gardener
~,
2.+tt-=
(g) prepare. teach and mark Q) dig. plant and water
(h) collect. sort and deliver
(k) take oft. fly and land
(i)
march. shoot and fight
(I) drill. fili and extract
I
Adjectives Deseribing Character
In eachsentencebelow put the correct adjective trom the group ot three
aboveit.
1
impatient
sociable
adventurous
(a) She loves meeting people and going to parties. She's a very
person.
(b) Sh,elikes new things and new places, even if they're difficult ar dangerous.
She's
(c)
He gets very annoyed if he has to wait far anything. He doesn't Iike waiting.
He's very
2
ambitious
(a)
He never gets upset ar annoyed when things go wrong. He's a very
man.
(b)
He loves to talk to people and tell them what he thinks and what he's done.
He's
(c)
She wants to get an important job in a high position. She's
3
lazy
easy-going
naughty
talkative
cheerful
(a) little Rosie is always breaking things and doing what her mother tells her
to do. She's a
gir!.
(b) He doesn't like wark. He prefers to do nothing. He's
(c) He's always happy and smiling. He's very
4
sensible
selfish
not
optimistic
(a) She only thinks about herself. She doesn't care about other people. She's
(b)
(c)
5
He has a lot of common sense. He always knows the correct thing to do. He's a
boy.
He always has good hopes for the future. He thinks everything will be fine. He's
very
polite
imaginative
tidy
(a) She's very careful about her appearance and how she arranges her desk and her
room. She's a
young lady.
(b) He always remembers to say 'please' and 'thank you'. He's very
(c) He has ideas like no one else's. He can write wonderful staries, draw unusual
pictures and suggest unusual ideas. He's extremely
6 For eachof the 15 adjectivesabove tind in the list below the best
adjectivewhich describesthe opposite kind ot person.
(f) sad
(k) bad-tempered
(a) impolite
(b) hard-working
(g) well-behaved
(I) unambitious
(c) silly
(h) patient
(m) cautious
(d) pessimistic
(i)
quiet
(n) unselfish
(e) unsociable
G)
untidy
(o) unimaginative
I
People's Appearance
short
in
his
thirties
trainers
bracelet
his
arms
folded(a)
(f)
(i)
In each
space
(e)
the(h)
two
descriptions
his
hands
on
his hips of people below put the correct
striped
lIy-d
ressed
well-polished
straight
shoes
well-pressed
(d)in forma
glasses(g)
checked
patched
casually-dressed
word from the following pair (a). Then do the same for (b), (c) etc.
(a)
1
He's a (a)
, (b)
man. He's about
75 and he's (c)
..He's wearing (d)
He's
and he's standing with (e)
(f)
in a dark suit and a (g)
shirt.
His trousers are (h)
and he's wearing
o
(i)
He's a (a) __
~ man. He's probably (b)
maybe 34 or 35. He has dark, (c)
hair.
He has a (d)
on his wrist and he's
He's (f) __
in a
standing with (e)
(g)
shirt and (h)
jeans.
He's wearing (i)
o
I
2
(a)
(f) sides
Instructions
Exercise
1.
sandais
necklace
(d)
(e)
(h)
bowspotted
smart
her (i)
hands
c1asped
untidily-dressed
her
high-heeled
hands byas
shoes
her
wavy
(g)
plain
neatly-dressed
baggy
average height
She's a (a)
, (b) __
wornan
of about 50. She has long, (c)
hair. She's wearing a (d) __
and she
has (e)
in front of hero
She is (f)
in a black and white
(g)
blouse and a (h)
skirt. She's wearing black (i)
She's a (b)
She's (a)
girl of, perhaps, 18. She has fair,
(c)
hair with a (d)
in it. She has (e)
She's (f)
. She's wearing a
dirty, (g)
tee-shirt, old,
(h)
trousers and a pair of
o
(i)
3
Using the words and phrases from the above exercises, describe the
people below.
I
Materials
1
Complete each sentence below, using the correct materia I fram the
following
list.
denim
china
rubber
wood
paper
metal
plastic
brick
leather
steel
cotton
wool
stone
iron
glass
(a) Pullovers are made ot
_
(b) A mirror is made ot
'
(c) Books are made ot
(d) Underwear (vests, pants) is otten made ot
_
(e) Jeans, and otten jackets and skirts, are made ot
(t)
The Pyramids ot Egypt are made ot
'
(g) Shoes are usually made ot
'
(h) Coins are made ot
(i) Houses in Britain are otten made ot
_
U)
A cheap ruler is made ot
_
(k) Doors are usually made ot
'
(I) The Eiffel Tower in Paris is made ot
(m) Cutlery (knives, torks, spoons) is made ot
_
(n) Crockery (plates, cups, saucers) is made ot
_
(o) Car tyres are made ot
'
o
_
o
o
2
What are the following things made of?
cups, bottles, magazines, a watch, luggage, windows, envelopes, tables, a camera,
jackets, typewriters, railway lines, Tower Bridge.
Geographical Words
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(t)
(g)
(h)
(i)
G)
(k)
(I)
Finish each sentence on the left with the correct
Africa is
Canada is
Manchester is
London is
Sicily is
The Amazon is
Everest is
The Himalayas are
The Atlantic is
The Mediterranean is
The waterway across Panama between oceans is
The Sahara is
phrase on the right.
(1) a city
(2) a river
(3) a mountain
(4) a continent
(5) a capital city
(6) a canal
(7) an ocean
(8) a country
(9) an island
(10) a desert
(11) a mountain range
(12) a sea
2
What are the following?
Holland, Bali, the Nile, Kilimanjaro, the Caribbean, Liverpool, Paris, the Andes, Suez,
Europe, the Gobi, Malaysia, New York, Fuji, Cairo, Cyprus, Asia, the Mississippi, the
Pacitic, the Thames, Brazi!.
I
Word Building
-ful and -less
It is sometimes (but not always) possible to make adjectives fram nouns by
putting -fulor -less on the end, e.g. 'careful' means 'with care', 'careless'
means 'without care.'
Make a suitable adjective fram the noun at the end of each sentence below
by adding -fulor -less to the end.
(a) Thank you for the books. They will be very
for my studies. (use)
(use)
(b) This pen won't write at alI. It's completely
(c) Thanks to modern technology, a visit to the dentist is naw often quite
(pain)
(d) The policeman held my arms tightly behind my back. It was very
(e) The government is trying to help
families. (home)
(help)
(f) Thank you for ali you've dane. You've been very
(g) I'm very, very tired. I had a
night last night. (sleep)
(h) We are
that the missing child will soon be found. (hope)
(taste)
(i) What is this food? It has no taste. It's
o
o
(pain)
o
o
·Interesting· and ·Interested· etc.
The -ing form of verbs, e.g. 'interesting',
'tiring', and the past participie,
e.g. 'interested', 'tired', are often used as adjectives. The difference in
meaning is seen in these sentences.
History was very interesting at school. I was very interested in it.
The journey was very tiring. We were very tired when we arrived.
Make the correct adjective,
end of each sentence.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
-ing form or past participie,
from the verb at the
It was a very
football'match. (excite)
The children were very
on Christmas day. (excite)
We felt very
on holiday. (relax)
It was a wonderfully
holiday. (relax)
A shopkeeper likes to have
customers. (satisfy)
She was a nurse and found it a very
job. (satisfy)
It was a
film. I nearly feli asleep. (bore)
The book was very badly written. I soon got
with it. (bore)
After the explosion, the
children were taken to a safe place. (frighten)
U)
A
noise woke me up in the middle of the night. (frighten)
(k) He has an
habit of not looking at you when he's talking to you. (annoy)
(I) We've had lots of complaints fram __
customers about aur bad service.
(annoy)
I
-er and -or
From an action verb we can sometimes make a noun end ing -er or -or to
describe the person who does the action, e.g. a 'player' is someone who plays
(football, etc.), a 'conductor' is someone who conducts (an orchestra).
Make nouns ending -er or -or from these verbs.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
work
visit
clean
act
drive
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
U)
employ
manage
direct
operate
make
(k)
paint
build
(m) collect
(n) sail
(I)
(o)
speak
(Note: sometimes there is a smali change in spelling. e.g. swim-swimmer,
law-Iavvyer, empire-emperor,
and a smali num ber of nouns end in -ar,
e.g. Iie-liar, beg-beggar)
-ist and -an
From a noun we can sometimes make another noun ending -ist or -an to
describe a person connected with the noun, e.g. a 'tobacconist' is someone
who sells tobacco, a 'B razi lian' is someone from Brazil.
From these nouns make other nouns ending -ist or -an describing
(Note: there are sometimes smali changes in spelling.)
(a) Christ
(g) electricity
(b) typewriter
(h) bicycle
(i)
art
(c) politics
Q)
guitar
(d) America
(e) piano
(k) Rome
(f) science
(I)
novel
people.
'Hourly', 'Daily' etc.
We can make adjectives from 'hour', 'day', 'week', fortnight'
(two weeks),
'month' and 'year' by adding -Iy to the end. Put each of the following words
in its correct place in the sentences below.
hourly
daily
weekly
fortnightly
monthly
yearly
(a) The most famous British
newspaper is The Times.
(b) Time is an American
news magazine. I buy it every Tuesday.
(c) Her salary is f12,OOO a year and she receives a
increase every
September.
(d) He could possibly die in 24 hours. The doctors are giving him
tests to
check his condition.
(e)
(f)
She goes to see her parents every two weeks. They always look forward tb
these
visits.
I haven't yet received my
salary cheque for February.
I
-en
1
We can often make a verb trom an adjective (or sometimes a noun,
e.g. 'Iength', 'strength') by adding -en to the end. 'To darken' means 'to
make dark' or 'to become dark'.
E.g. He darkened his hair to change his appearance.
The sky darkened as the c10uds covered the sun.
In the spaces be/ow put a verb ending
brackets.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
-en made fram the adjective or noun in
Some screws in this machine are loose. I must
them. (tight)
My belt is very tight and uncomfortable. 1'11
it. (Ioose)
Soon the dark c10uds went away and the sky began to
. (bright)
This pencil isn't very sharp. 11'5blunt. 1'11
it. (sharp)
This noise is 50 loud i1'lI
me. (deaf)
(f) The river is quite narraw here, but as it gets near the sea it begins to _
(g) The runway is too short to take large, modern planes. They're going to
it. (Iength)
. (wide)
(h) The bridge is dangeraus. It's not strang enough. There are plans to
(strength)
it.
Number + Noun
Instead ot saying 'a journey which took three hours', we can say 'a threehour journey'. We have made a compound adjective by connecting the
number and the noun, which is used in the singu/ar. In the spaces below put
similar compound adjectives made from the words in italics in the brackets.
E.g. He was wearing a
suit. (It cost 500 dollars)
He was wearing a SOO-dollar suit.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
I
We went on a
walk. (We went five mi/es)
There will now be a
break. (lt willlast ten minutes)
She's written a
book. (It has 200 pa ges)
11'5a
hotel. (lt has 20 storeys)
We had a
holiday. (lt lasted two weeks)
He's bought a
boat. (11'5ten metres long)
She's started a
English course. (It willlast six months)
The President will go on a
tour in April. (He'll visit five countries)
He drives a
Iorry. (It weighs two tons)
un-, dis-, in-, im-, iI-, ir1 To give some words an opposite meaning, un- is put in front of them,
e.g. She was very unhappy. Put un- in front of the following words and then
put each word in its correct space below.
necessary
employed
healthy
fair
well
pleasant
punctual
Vera: You look rather (a)
..Why don't you see a doctor?
Alan: Oh no, that's (b)
oI've just been working hardo I'm writing a book.
Vera: In this room? With the windows c1osed?And you smoke. That's very
(c)
. You'll be iiI.
smells come in fram the
Alan: But if I open the windows, some very (d)
chemical factory.
since you lost your job in the library.
Vera: And I hear you've been (e)
.
But
in fact I was only late a few times. It was
Alan: Yes, they said I was (f)
very (g)
2
Instructions as above.
satisfactory
friendly
conscious
usual
hurt
tidy
successful
(a) Just look at your room. It looks awful. It's 50
(b) He doesn't like the children in his new school. They're rather
(c) I'm afraid your work is
oYou'lI have to do better.
(d) It was an
film. I've never seen one like it.
(e) He hit his head on the door as he feli and was
for 20 minutes.
(f) I applied for the job but I was
(g) Two people were injured in the accident but fortunately everyone else was
3
Instructions as above.
dress
wrap
tie
lock
do
pack
Ilike going away for a holiday but the best part is coming home again. I arrive
home. I (a)
the door of my fiat. I put my suitcase on the floor and start to
(b)
it. I take out the things I have bought on holiday. I (c)
the
string. I carefully (d)
them, look at them and put them on the table. I feel
tired but very happy. I go into the bedraom. I (e)
my jacket and shoes. I take
them off. I (f)
and I have a bath. I relax. I'm home again.
4
Put each of the following words in the correct space below. The words
will be made opposite in meaning by the dis-, in- im-, i1- or ir- already in the
sentence.
convenient
regular
po lite
correct
formai
legaj
honest
(a) I'm afraid the buses here are very ir
. I sometimes have to wait an hour.
(b) This information is in
The train leaves at 3.20, not 3.10.
(c) The use of certain dangerous drugs is i1.
. It's against the law.
(d) His house isn't near the shops, transport or his work. It's in a very
in
place.
(e) She didn't say 'please' or 'thank you'. She was very im
(f) It's not a special occasion. Just wear ordinary, in
c1othes.
(g) She steals. She tells lies. She's completely dis
o
I
Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs ot manner tell us how something is done, e.g. She sings beautifully.
They also describe adjectives, e.g. She was extremety successtul.
They are usually made trom adjectives and usually end in '-ty':
slow-slowly
careful-earefully
dangerous-dangerously
Adjectives ending in -y usually drop the -y and add -ity to make the adverb:
happy-happily
lazy-Iazily
sleepy-sleepily
Adjectives ending in -ic usually add -ally to make the adverb (but note:
public-publicly):
tragie-tragieally
eomie-comically
basic-basically
Some adjectives do not change as adverbs:
fast-fast
hard-hard
daily-daily
late-Iate
In the tollowing sentences put in each space the adverb made trom the
adjective in brackets.
(a) I'm afraid I
forgot to bring my camera. (stupid)
(b) It rained
for three hours. (continuous)
(c) He died
, trying to save his friend's life. (heroic)
(d) The ehildren were playing
in the garden. (noisy)
(truthful)
(e) Please answer my questions
(f) The film ended
with the hero's death in a gun-fight. (dramatie)
(g) She worked very
(hard)
(h) He looked
at the person who had interrupted. (angry)
(i) She promised
that the government would not raise taxes. (publie)
(j)
He's usually very lively, but today he's
quiet. (strange)
(k) He arranged his desk very
, everything in its right place. (tidy)
(I) I agree with you
You're
right. (complete, absolute)
o
o
o
I
Compound Nouns
The important thing to remember in a compound noun (Le. two nouns put
together) is that the second noun is the real noun. The first is used Iike an
adjective to describe what kind of thing or person the second noun is,
e.g. a bedroom is a room with a bed in it.
There is no simple rule to tell you when the two parts of a compound noun
are written together, with a hyphen or separately. You must learn the written
form every time you learn a new compound noun, e.g. policeman, shoe-shop,
railway station.
1
Make compound nouns from the following
E.g. a pot to make tea in: a teapot
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
a party for someone's birthday
a mark used after a question
a library of a college
a student at university
furniture used in an office
clothes we wear at work
phrases.
(g) a driver of a lorry
(h) a programme on television
(i) a building used by the government
U) a class held in the evening
(k) a window of a shop
(I) a knife for cutting bread
In a compound noun the first noun is usually in the singular. Make compound
nouns from the following phrases.
E.g. a seller of flowers: a flower-seller
(m)
(n)
(o)
(p)
(q)
(r)
a book to write exercises in
an inspector of tickets
a brush to keep your teeth clean
an album you stick stamps in
a map which shows roads
a lace used for tying shoes
(s)
(t)
(u)
(v)
(w)
juice from oranges
a list of books
a magazine about films
a shop selling cameras
a bus which carries tourists
2
When a compound noun is used in the piuraI, it is normally the second
noun (the 'real' noun) which is made piuraI. The first one, like an adjective,
remains singular. Make the following plural.
E.g. policeman - policemen; shoe-shop - shoe-shops; railway station - railway
stations
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
stamp collection
city-centre
teacup
concert-hall
(e) family doctor
(f) picture-frame
(g) dog owner
(h) car-wheel
(i)
airline pilot
matchbox
(k) handbag
(I) garden chair
U)
I
Word Forms
In each space in the exercises below
three above it.
put the correct word from the two or
1
decide (verb) decision (noun)
Will you take the job? We must have a quick
2
congratulate
I'd like to
3
permit
We cannot
o
You must
(verb) congratulations
(noun)
you on passing your exam. Many
very soon.
_
(verb) permission (noun)
children under 14 to go without their parents'
4
invite (verb) invitation
Did we send the Smiths an
_
(noun)
to our party? Did we
them?
5
arrive (verb) arrival (noun)
The
of the London train will be 15 minutes late. It will
6
depart (verb) departure (noun)
The next train for Newcastle will
be in ten minutes
7
complain
I think 1'11
from platform 4. The
(verb) complaint (noun)
about this bad service. 1'11make a
8
argue (verb) argument (noun)
They don't get on well. They often
11 height
What's the
.will
o
oThey're having an
9
importance (noun) important (adjective)
It doesn't matter. It's of no
. It's not
10 difficulty
It's very
at 10.45.
o
(noun) difficult (adjective)
to operate this machine. I have great
(noun) high (adjective)
of that mountain? How
nowo
in doing it.
is it?
12 arrange (verb) arrangement (noun)
I don't Iike the
of the furniture in this room. I think 1'1I
13 bleed (verb) blood (noun)
If you don't do something about that cut, it'II
There'lI be
everywhere.
14 practise (verb) practice (noun)
You need more English
. You must
it differently.
all over the place.
more.
15 describe (verb) description
I gave the police a
16 explain
I'd like an
yesterday.
I
(noun)
of the stolen goods. I had to
(verb) explanation
(noun)
of your absence. Please
17 enjoy (verb) enjoyable (adjective)
I always have a good time at your parties. I always
They're very
_
everything.
why you weren't at work
them.
18 fly (verb) flight (noun)
We
to Brazil on Thursday. Our
19
sign (verb) signature
I need your
is at 10.45 a.m.
(noun)
on this paper, please. Could you
here?
20 meet (verb) meeting (noun)
l'm going to
some friends tomorrow. Our
21 heat (noun) hot (adjective)
It's a very
country. The
22
suit (verb) suitable
is too much for me.
(adjective)
What about six o'clock? Will that time
23
is at two o'clock.
relax (verb) relaxation
you? Will that be a
time?
(noun)
On holiday I don 't like to do anything. I just want sun, sleep, food and
I just want to take it easy and
'
24
choose (verb) choice (noun).
I don't know which one to
25
o
lt's difficult to make a
___
to sell alcohol to children, and the government has no plans to
it.
modernise
(verb) modern
(adjective)
My kitchen is very old. /'m going to
kitchen.
27
_
legalise (verb) legaj (adjective)
lt isn't
26
industry
it. I've always wanted a
has made her rich. Japan is an
28 agriculture
This is an
(noun) agricultural (adjective)
area. There are no factories, only farms, only
country.
o
29 simplify (verb) simple (adjective)
This explanation is too complicated. Can you make it more
Can you
it?
freedom
one person free. It will give free
weigh
(verb) weight (noun)
65 kilos. What's your
o
34 safety (noun) safe (adjective)
l'm worried about the children's
They wanted to be
_
?
33 noise (noun) noisy (adjective)
It's very
here. Where's the
coming fram?
'o
I hope they're
35 danger (noun) dangerous (adjective)
The chi Idren can play here. lt's not
at alI. There's no
36
_
(noun) free (adjective)
The people demonstrated for more
32
I
?
admit (verb) admission (noun)
This ticket will
31
_
(noun) industria I (adjective)
Japan's
30
_
'
_
peace (noun) peaceful (adjective)
You'lI find ali the
you want here. lt's a very quiet,
place.
I
37
lose (verb) loss (noun)
If you
38
(noun)
everything together and then put the
In a saucepan.
dirt (noun) dirty (adjective)
It was a very
40
at ance.
mix (verb) mixture
First
39
your money, you should tell the police about the
violence
We live in
place. There was
everywhere.
(noun) violent (adjective)
times. There are pictures of
measure (verb) measurement
(noun)
How long is it? The
must be very exact.
in the newspapers every day.
41
it very carefully.
(noun) kind (adjective)
She was very
to us. I thanked her for her
42
kindness
happiness (noun) happy (adjective) happily (adverb)
(a) The children played
in the garden ali morning.
(b) He has a good job and a lovely family. He's a very
(c) Their children gave them a lot of
43
man.
succeed (verb) success (noun) successful (adjective)
(a) The film was a great
It made 75 million dollars.
(b) Do you think they will
in finishing the wark this week?
(c) He was very
in his job and soon became Managing Oirector.
44
o
die (verb) death (noun) dead (adjective)
(a) If the doctor doesn't come soon, she'lI
(b) The police found a
body in the river.
(c) The
of the President was announced on television.
45
I
Idioms
Verb Phrases
1
Put each ot the tollowing
conversation below.
phrases in the correct space in the
make an appointment
make your breakfast
make a noise
make a list
Mother:
George:
Mother:
George:
Mother:
George:
Mother:
George:
Mother:
make sure
make your bed
George, don't forget to (a)
and tidy your room. 11'5nine o'clock.
l'm going shopping.
OK, Mum. Can you buy som e things for me, please?
Yes, (b)
of the things you want and give it to me. Quickly.
OK. l've got to (c)
with the dentist. l've got toothache.
yourself.
Ali right. I'm going out in two minutes. You'lI have to (d)
There's plenty of bread and eggs and tea.
OK, Mum.
And (e)
you wash up afterwards! Don't forget.
Ali right. Here's the list of things I want. Thanks.
Right. And don't (f)
in the kitchen. Keep quiet. Remember your
father's in bed with fiu.
2
Put each
below.
ot the following
make a decision
make some money
phrases in the correct space in the passage
make friends
make plans
make enquiries
make an effort
To go and live abroad or not? lt needs a lot of thought. After you (a)
to go,
you must organise yourself. First (b)
in your own country about
accommodation, language schools and work possibilities. You'll need this
In the new country, perhaps it will be the
information 50 that you can (c)
first time you've Iived alone. Maybe you'll want to get a job to (d)
50 you'lI
have to look for work. You might feellonely and you'll have to (e)
with
other young people. Sometimes this isn't easy in a big city. Well, it's up to you. You'lI
have to (f)
o
3
Put each
ot
the tollowing
take an exam
take a photo
phrases in the correct space in the sentences.
take a seat
take any notice
take place
take care
(a) This vase is very old and valuable. Please
when you c1ean it.
(b) Look at that lovely old house. I think 1'11
of it.
(c) He's working very hard every evening. He's going to
next month.
(d) Mr Jenkins will be here in a moment. Please
(e) I told him it was a dangerous machine, but he didn't
. Tha1'swhy he
hurt his hand.
(f)
The meeting will
in the director's office at 11 a.m .
•
4
Put each of the following
conversation below.
have a rest
have a bath
phrases in the correct space in the
have a game of tennis
have breakfast
have a party
have fun
Jennie:
Donald:
Jennie:'
Donald:
What do you do on Saturdays?
Well, I get up late and (a)
or shower.
Then you (b)
?
Yes, bacon and eggs. Fruit juiee. Then I usually (c)
with a triend.
Jennie:
Donald:
Jennie:
Donald:
Oh, are you good at tennis?
No, but we enjoy ourselves. We
And in the evening?
Oh, I usually invite a tew triends
You know, musie, tood, drinks,
And on Sunday?
On Sunday I don't do anything.
Jennie:
Donald:
5
Put each of the following
keep calm
keep fit
keep stil!
keep quiet
in the park
(d)
to my place and we (e)
dancing.
I just (t)
phrases in the correct space in the sentences.
keep awake
keep a record
(a) They
by walking, running and swimming every day.
(b) I want to draw a pieture ot you. Don't move.
(c) Ladies and gentlemen, there is a smali tire in the cinema. There's no need to
worry. Pleasejust
and leave by the exit doors.
ot student attendance by tilling in the c1assregister
(d) Teaehers must
every day.
(e) I'm so tired I don't think I ean
any longer.
(t) The ehildren are asleep so don't make a noise.
6
Put each of the following
do my shopping
do exercises
phrases in the correct space in the passage.
do me good
do some work
do a lot of harm
do the housework
I think I'm very well-organised. I (a)
at the supermarket every evening on my
way home tram work. When I get home, I (b)
(c1eaning, washing, tidying
up etc.). After dinner I (c)
I've braught home trom the ottiee. Betore I go to
bed, I (d)
to keep in good condition. I think they (e)
beeause I'm
always tit and well. I don't smoke at alI. I think cigarettes (t)
7
Put each of the following
get a train
get married
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
I
get ready
get fiu
phrases in the correct space in the sentences.
get a lot of money
Jim and Rosemarie are going to
and I'm going to the wedding.
Nurses do a wonderful job but they don 't
It you don't put on more c10thes in this cold weather, you'lI
The buses are very slow. Let's
Put your coats on.
We're going out in tive minutes, ehildren. Hurry up.
o
~Touch'
Put each ot the tollowing phrases in the correct space in the passage.
get in touch
keep in touch
get out ot touch
Well goodbye, Murray. I hope you have a good time in Africa. You've got my
Write sometimes. It would be a pity to (b)
address, 50 please (a)
Oh, have you got Ann's address? I don't know where she isoI want to (c)
with her to ask her to a party.
'
o
_
Prepositional Phrases
1 Put each ot the tollowing phrases in the correct space in the passage.
at school
at work
at once
at least
at the seaside
at home
at last
at tirst
1'11 always remember that day. I was 15. I had a bad cold and I was (a)
_
alone. My father was (b)
(he's a bus-driver). My older sister had gone to the
coast for a day (c)
. My 13-year-old brother was (d)
My mother was
out shopping. heard a strange noise. (e)
I thought it was my mother
returning, but it wasn't the door. It was water! Rain? No, it wasn't raining. The
kitchen taps? No, they were oft. The bathroom? No. I thought and thought. It must
have been (f)
ten minutes before I realised the noise came from the fiat
upstairs. (g)
I ran upstairs and knocked on Mr Black's door. No answer.
knocked again. And again. (h)
he came and opened it. He had turned on
the water for a bath, forgotten all about it and fallen asleep in his chair.
o
1
1
2 Put each ot the tollowing phrases in the correct space in the
conversation below.
on tire
on holiday
on the other hand
on toot
on the one hand
on time
on business
on second thoughts
Pam: Hi, Sue. Am Ilate? The traftic was terrible.
Sue: No, you're not late. It's exactly six o'clock. You're exactly (a)
What's the matter?
'
Pam: Firemen and fire-engines everywhere. There's a house (b)
near the
_
cinema. couldn't get a bus. I had to come (c)
Sue: Well anyway, you're here. Uz can't come. She's in Italy.
Pam: Oh, is she (d)
? Italy's lovely at this time of the year.
She's gone to a meeting for her firm.
Sue: No, she had to go there (e)
Pam: Well, where shall we go for aur holiday? Spain? I don 't know. (f)
_
Spain's always sunny in summer, but (g)
it's a bit crowded.
Sue: Yes, thought of Spain too, but (h)
I think I'd prefer Holland.
1
o
1
I
3
Put each ot the tollowing
sentences.
in prison
in love
phrases in the correct space in the
in trouble
in a mess
in time
in tears
in a hurry
in person
(a) You can't make a reservation by phone or post. You must do it
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
She rang the police and they arrived just
to catch the burglar.
He spent six years
for the crime.
Please tidy up your room. It looks awful. 11'5really
He's very difficult to control. He's always
at school.
Andrew's been very quiet recently. I think he's
with the new girl at
the office.
(g) The children were very shocked and upset by the sad news. Many of them
were
~
u __
(h) Sorry I can't stop and talk now. I'm
4
Put each ot the tollowing
conversation below.
by chance
by phone
phrases in the correct space in the
by aU means
by the way
by bus
by car
by post
by mistake
Jack: I've done something stupid. (a)
I told Sara I'd meet her tomorrow.
I meant to say the day after tomorrow. Tomorrow I'm busy at the office.
Alex: Can't you contact her and explain?
Jack: Tha1'sthe problem. A letter wouldn't reach her in time, 50 I can't let her
know (b)
How can I tell her?
Alex: (c)
, or don't you know her number?
Jack: She hasn't got a phone. Have you, (d)
, got her neighbours'
number? You know. The Smiths.
o
Alex: No, sorry. Why don't you drive to her fiat now? You could get there in an
hour (e)
Jack: No, i1's being repaired, and it would take ages to go (f)
Anyway,
she's miles from a bus-route. Alex, do you think you could phone her at
her office tomorrow morning?
Alex: (g)
, of course. Good idea. (h)
, when will your car be OK
again? I was going to ask if I could borrow it on Saturday.
o
5
Put each ot the tollowing
sentences.
out ot doors
out ot breath
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
phrases in the correct space in the
out ot control
out ot order
out ot date
out ot work
This timetable's no good. 11'5last year's. It's
He's very sunburnt and healthy. He spends a lot of time
This telephone doesn't work. 11'5
If the government doesn't do something very quickly, the situation will
get
(e) He'd been running hard and arrived
(f) He's been
for four months, but he thinks he'lI get a job soon.
I
Pairs
1
Put each
ot the tollowing phrases in the correct space in the sentences.
more or less
on and oft
50 and 50
yes and no
(a)
(b)
(c)
I've
finished the book. I've got two more pages to read.
In English, you begin a letter 'Dear
There were several breaks in
I've been learning English for six years
that time, when I was tOG busy to study.
(d) Do Ilike my new job? Well,
I'm not sure yet.
o
o
2
Instructions as above.
peace and quiet
likes and dislikes
do's and don'ts
little by Iittle
(a)
Uncle Henry's coming to stay this weekend. What does he like to eat? Where
will he want to go? Has he any particular
?
(b) At first I found the new job strange and difficult, but
I settled down.
(c) The school is quite a relaxed place. It's not strict at alI. There aren't many
(d) What a noisy, busy job this isoI'm looking forward to getting some
in
the country this weekend.
Time
Put each
one day
ot
the tollowing
trom now on
phrases in the correct space in the conversation.
ages
tor good
the other day
50 far
Fiona: Hello, Sally. I haven't seen you for (a)
At least a year. How are you?
Sally: Hi, Fiona. I'm fine. I've just started a new business. We started (b)
In fact it was just last Thursday.
Fiona: Yes, I heard about it. And I've seen your shop. How's business?
Sally: Well, after only a few days I'm not sure. (c)
it's been good, but we
sell swim-suits and the weather's been very sunny, but now it's turning cold so
(d)
it might not be so good.
Fiona: What about you and Jimmy? Are you two married yet?
Sally: No, but probably in the future. I don't know when. (e)
oWhat about
you? You've been abroad a lot. Are you going away again?
Well, I've got to
Fiona: No, I've had enough travelling. I'm staying here (f)
go. See you soon. I need a swim-suit.
o
o
'Mind'
Put each
ot the tollowing phrases in the correct space in the conversation.
change your mind
make up your mind
I don't mind
on your mind
mind your head
read your mind
(a) Tell me what's worrying you. What's
?
(b) I'm depending on you to help me tomorrow. I hope you don 't
(c) You must decide soon. (ome on,
(d) This door is very low so
(e) It doesn't matter if you come late. It's OK.
(f) I know what you're thinking. I can
I
Things We Say
The exereises below give phrases often used in eommon situations. In eaeh
exercise find the best answer on the right to eaeh phrase on the left.
1
(a)
(b)
(e)
(d)
How do you do?
How are you?
Can you help me?
I'm off.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Bye. See you.
Sure, no problem.
I'm fine.
How do you do?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Congratulations!
Oh, hard luck.
He's around somewhere.
Hi!
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
I'd love to.
Sorry, I've no idea.
Never mind. Thanks anyway.
Not at alI.
2
(a) Hi!
(b) I've passed my exam!
(c) I've failed my exam.
(d) Where's Jack?
3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Thank you very much.
I'm sorry I can't help you.
Where's the post-office, please?
Do you fancy coming to the cinema
tonight?
4
(a) What a nice fiat you have.
(b) Are you hungry?
(c) What are you going to give me for my
birthday?
(d) Come on. We're late.
I
(1) Wait and see.
(2) Yes, make yourself at home.
(3) Yes, I'm starving.
(4) Just a moment. Hang on.
j
I
I!
Miscellaneous
Abbreviations
1
Put each of the following abbreviations in the correct place in the note
below, which Julie left for her fiat-mate, Molly.
Abbreviation
Meaning
We say ...
'and 50 on' ar 'et cetera'
and 50 on (et cetera)
'for example'or 'for instance'
for example (exempli gratia)
'care ot'
care of (in an address)
'a.m.'
before noon (ante meridiem)
'p.m.'
after noon (post meridiem)
'road'
road (in an address)
PleaseTurn Over (at the bottom of a page) 'please turn over'
'PS'
after writing (postscript)
'US'
United States of America
etc.
e.g.
c/o
a.m.
p.m.
Rd
PlO
PS
US
"'--
/O. '30
'I
N\ jlMl+
"
\,,~
.,~.
__
,:
I
/
I
-~.,.'~o
..Il''--'-'·.7~'1..
(."
-j'
',,--
i".
\
\
R ..~~
(o...) -
~ó1I~,
,( O..-~7:~.?'O_~
(J ("
~.'....
(C\.'.;>.~
..
\.
'"-"
..
~c>if'j ovJ- ~ 'M'/-
(Y\~
:r
m.~.
'
II
\..
II
'-
~e
~is
~"f'j
( oJo\\uJ- 7 Cb) J.
No ~iN\t. \b ~o Sl--oPPlf'l ~~\l't.t\t ~"" CU\~l-klf'~ AK-
bo..cli:...
~M'tr
(c).-
\-Of\I·~~t.
'? P(Nl
c.o.:..:.'!C>'" ~
IorW, ~o..h>U,
b~'
~
.t~e...~,~ ~ dr't\.lt. (••) -
w, •....
~·
::ru-A~
te..)_
S"""'~CM.e.
_
L~J.CM.
~ '\''''.
°).
f;-\~\-\AirJt.."b
er:
(~)
f~~J
,,\ou...Bsct-i..\ju..ol-C'rIil:.
o...r-ri'itd.
~~
0.."3
N\r
o..N!
Fr~
~
c.~) r\is
a..c!.~"s:
Wo..~S.OI\.I I~
CY\f'!.
~orklh)--)
N 4-. I-tt'lI f~ONL.o..~~.:L
o'
.r, ..~.
S"M.~rs.
"I\!~~
l-
.sct-~"(.i
....
1.
1IlI~'
•
2
Put each of the following
passage below.
Abbreviation
abbreviations
in the correct place in the
Before
Christ
'Be
ar
'Befare
Christ'
'that
is' 'European
or
'i.e.'Christ'
'AD'
or
'After
'foot/feet'
this
means
(id
est)
After
Christ
Domini)
'inch(es)'
inch(es)
(1weight
in
==
2.54
cm)
European
United
foot/feet
Kingdom
(1
Union
ft(Anno
0.3048
'EU'
'UK'
ar
'United
Kingdom'
Union'
say
...kg)
'pound(s)'
Meaning
pound(s)
(libra)
(1m)
IbWe
= 0.454
The piece of stone is about 1 (a)
9 (b)
Iong and weighs nearly 6
(c)
It bears the name of the Egyptian King Tutankhamen, who died over
It was discovered almost exactly 3,000 years
3,000 years ago in 1343 (d)
after his death in 1655 (e)
and taken to Constantinople ((f)
the
modern Istanbul). It will shortly go on a tour of museums in France, Italy, Spain,
Germany and other (g)
countries, including, we hope, the (h)
o
o
o
3
Read the following
sentences as they would normally be spoken.
(a) 1wark from 8.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. and do housework e.g. c1eaning, washing etc.
(b) His address is do Mrs L. Steel, 4 Dover Rd, Chicago, US.
(c) At the bottom of his letter he writes, 'PS I'm going to Scotland next month:
then, 'PTO', and he gives his Scottish address on the back.
(d) The average height of a man in the UK is 5ft 8 ins, Le. about 173 centimetres.
(e) Italy is a member of the EU.
(f) A metal object 1'9" long of about 500 BC was found in the third century AD.
Reading Dates and Numbers
1
Write the following
sentences as they would normally
E.g. He paid one hundred and sixty pounds: He paid f160.
be written.
(a) He died on the sixth of April seventeen forty-three.
(b) They cost two pounds thirty-five pence.
(c) My phone number is three seven oh double-four nine two.
(d) There are one thousand two hundred and seventy-six people in the village.
(e) One centimetre is nought point three nine three seven inches.
2
Read the following
sentences as they would
(a) 1was bom on 4th May, 1937.
(b) The tickets were f4.50 each.
(c) Phone me on 408 9117.
(d) The price is f12,750.
(e) 11b= 0.454 kilograms.
I
normally
be spoken.
Punctuation Marks
Match each
mark below.
ot
the tollowing
inverted commas
exclamation mark
apostrophe
question mark
(a)
•
words or phrases with the correct punctuation
A
hyphen
fuli stop
comma
brackets
smali letter
capitalletter
1
'Look out!' he shouted.
(b)
(e)
'What's the matter1' she asked.
(d)
(g)
'There ' S a motor - bike " he said.
(e) (f)
(h)
(i)
( continued on page 6)
~----v
•
U)
Punctuation
Fuli stops, question marks and exclamation marks
name
fuli stop
purpose
to mark the end of a sentence
to mark the end of an exclamation
examples
He was here yesterday.
F. L. Brown, W. Smith
Tues., Sept., U.K. or UK,
B.B.C. or BBC, Mr, Mrs,
Dr, Rd, St
Where are you going?
15 Bob here?
He's dead! Good Lord!
or strong command
Get out! Be quiet! Help!
after people's initials
sometimes in abbreviations but often not
used, especially when abbreviation has first
and last letter of com mon word
?
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
~
question
mark
exclamation
mark
to mark the end of a direct question
Put in tuli stops, question marks and exclamation marks where necessary.
We've received a letter from Mr A W Holden Have you seen it
He arrives on 17 Sept on BA flight 301 He'lI stay in UK till the following Thurs
before going to the USA, Japan and Australia What a journey Will Sue meet
him at the airport
Go Get out Now 11'5 dangerous Can't you see
She asked me if the US is in the EU What a question
What are you doing Are you going out Remember to take your key
I
Commas
comma
name
aept
person
as
answers
spoken
to
ally
ifwhere
written
on are
r'sed
they
purpose
to
mark a pause between Yes,
words
oryou,
I are
know.
examples
IIt
She
don't
was
took
red,
drink
out
green
beer,
her
key,
and
wine
opened
white.
orEngland.
spirits.
4
10th
Elm
April,
St,
Woking,
1988
Surrey,
Hello,
How
how
are
John?
you?
Goodbye,
the
door
and
went
in.
You
No,
I
know,
can't.
Susan,
this
is
serious.
I'm oft. Dear Sir, Yours Truly,
1
Put in commas where necessary.
(a) Look Maria the British flag is red white and blue.
(b) She can't act sing or dance. She'll never get into films or on television.
(c) We II I can drive a car speak three languages play the piano and repair almost
anything mechanical.
(d) She lives at fiat 12 Stewart Court Oak Street Westminster London.
(e) She was bom on 20th December 1961 .
(f) 'Alex did you get the bread?'
'Yes it's in the kitchen Mum.'
'Thanks here's the money.'
name
com ma
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
examples
If it rains, we'll change our plans.
We'lI change our plans if it rains.
When I'd finished, I went home.
I went home when I'd finished.
before question-tags at
the end of a sentence
You will do it, won't you?
Ann was there, wasn't she?
Put in com mas where necessary.
After you have finished this work you can go.
Wash your hands before you eat.
If I have time 1'11 do it tomorraw.
As soon as he got ho me he phoned his cousin.
They'd help us if they were here wouldn't they?
You aren't going to wear that hat are you?
She'lI be here at 7 won't she?
name
comma
II
purpose
after subordinate phrases
at the beginning of
a sentence
purpose
to separate non-essential
phrases fram the
main sentence
examples
He's fram Leeds, which is 10 miles away.
That's the town where I was bom.
Jacob, who is 80, is in hospital.
People who steal should be punished.
3
Put in com mas where necessary.
(a) He works for Simmonds which is a large manufacturing company.
(b) Firms which employ fewer than 100 workers do not need to pay this tax.
(c) His father who is a businessman has three cars.
(d) Candidates who fai! the exam may re-take it in June.
(e) Tourists are advised to avoid countries where the disease is known to exist.
(f) He's gone to Egypt where the climate is better for his health.
Apostrophes
name
apostrophe
purpose
to show where a letter
ar letters are missing
in a word
sometimes for an unusual
piurai form
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
examples
it's (it iS),I'm (I am), I'd (I would/had),
they'll (they will), don't (do not),
can't (I cannot)
He agreed, but with lots of if's and but's.
Her name has two 1'5.
M.P's sit in the House of Commons.
1
Put in apostrophes where necessary.
Its raining. Youd better take a raincoat ar youll get wet.
Scientists dont understand how the piane lost one of its wings.
Its fascinating to watch a bird care far its young.
Remember that this word is spelt with two es and two ms.
name
apostrophe
purpose
to show possession
especially for people
examples
singular: the boy's mother, a child's toy,
Mr Jones's son, a man's wark
piurai: the boys' mother, children's toys,
the Joneses' house, a men's club
2
Put in apostrophes where necessary.
(a) 15 that Johns car?
(b) My fathers garden is always in good condition.
(c) My parents home is smalI. They only have one bedroom.
(d) The boys changing-room is on that side of the sports-hall. This is the girls
changing-room.
(e) Look at that girls hair.
(f) These are the mens toilets. Those are the womens.
Inverted commas
name
· Icom
inverted
(used
mas
either
singly
ar in
pairs)
lrII.....-
purpose
to mark the beginning
and end of direct speech
(note use of com mas
and capitals)
examples
'My sister's ill,' he said.
He said, 'My sister's ill.'
'How are you?' she said.
'Oh, no!' she cried.
'It's late,' he said, '50 you must go.'
'It's late,' he said. 'You must go.'
I
Put in inverted commas, fuli stops, commas, question marks, exclamation
marks and capitalletters
where necessary. (Direct speech is underlined.)
(a) you look tired she said
(b) he said you should get a car
(c) your friend phoned she said and i told him you were out
(d) the children are asleep mary said they had a hard day
(e) move and i'll shoot he warned
(f) what time is he coming she asked he'lI be hungry
(g) i'd like to live in england said max if the weather were better
name
inverted
singly
urpose
to emphasise a word or to
indicate a foreign word
or unusual use of a word
sometimes round titles
ar In
of books, films etc.
(usedI com mas
eithe
pairs)
examples
Don't begin a sentence with 'but'.
The 'shinkansen' is a Japanese train.
Radar is the 'eyes' of the defence system.
Have you read 'Treasure tstand'?
Shakespeare wrote 'Hamlet'.
I sawa film called 'Young Love'.
Put in inverted commas where necessary.
(a) At American universities, first-year students are freshmen and second-year
students are sophomores.
(b) We're studying Othello at school.
(c) The brain of the machine is this computer here.
(d) If you want a marriage partner in Japan, you go to an omiai.
(e) I've seen Gone with the Wind three times.
Spelling: noun plurals
final -s, -ss,
-ch, -sh, -x
final -y
I
Put
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Singular
PIurai
Points
bus, boss,
church,
brush, box
buses, bosses,
churches, brushes,
boxes
add -es
boy, donkey,
tray, valley
boys, donkeys
trays, valleys
add -s if final -y
follows vowel (a, e, i, o, u)
fly, lady,
body,lorry
flies, ladies,
bodies, lorries
drap -y and add -ies
if -y follows consonant
sheep, fish
sheep, fish
no change in piurai
the words in brackets into the correct piurai forms.
We send you our best (wish) and many (kiss).
He bought adozen (box) of (match).
For Christmas he gave his sons (watch) and his daughters (dress).
The (boy) are doing very well in their (study).
She collects children's (toy) fram different (country).
(Library) are usually c10sed on (Sunday).
(Family) of (monkey) have different (way) of looking after their (baby).
He has 30 cows, 65 pigs and over 80 (sheep).
I often go to the river to see the birds and the (fish).
2
men,
women,
wives
Points
PIurai
and
add
-ves
fe
kilos
et
handkerchiefs
Singular
tomatoes,
potatoes,
knives,
shelves,
selves,
lives,
volcanoes,
many
nouns
heroes
add
-es
knife,
shelf,
roofs,
safes,
child,
children,
tooth,
teeth,
tomato,
pianos,
the
potato,
others
photos,
justdrop
add
-f,-s -fe
oot woman,
man,
oof,
iano,safe,
photo,
Put
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
the words in brackets into the correct piurai forms.
Be careful, children. You'll hurt (yourself) wit h those sharp (knife).
Their (wife) waved their (handkerchief) until the train had disappeared from view.
Three people have recently lost their (life) falling from high (roof).
He bought two (kilo) of (tomato).
Here are some (photo) of famous (hero) of the Second World War.
(Woman) can damage their (foot) by not wearing suitable shoes.
(Chiid) should brush their (tooth) twice a day.
Spelling: verbs ending in -y
Verbs
3rd person singular
present simple tense
Regular -ed form
Points
play,obey,
employ, say
plays, obeys
employs, says
played,obeyed,
employed
(a,e, i,o, u)
-y after vowel
just adds -s, -ed
ery, study,
worry, fly
cried, studied
worried
cries, studies,
worries, flies
drop -yafter
consonant,
add -ies, -ied
Arrange the following verbs into two groups according to the spelling of the
3rd person singular present simple tense (some have irregular past tenses).
(a) like play: plays Gust add -s)
(b) like ery: eries (drop -y, add -ies)
stay
carry
copy
destroy
marry
occupy
display
multiply
buy
dry
Put the verbs in brackets into the 3rd person singular present simple.
(c) In the city everyone (hurry) everywhere and (try) to earn a lot of money.
Someone in the country (enjoy) the peace and quiet of nature.
(d) A man who (spy) against his own country (betray) his own people and, if he is
caught, (pay) with his life.
I
Put the verbs in brackets into the -ed form (past simple or past participie).
(e) The man said the train for Leeds was (delay) until they were (satisfy) that the
track was safe.
(f)
I (apply) for the job, and was (annoy) when they said that I was not (qualify) for it.
Spelling: -ing form and
regular -ed past tense/past participie
1
One-syllable verbs
Verbs
after -ie
onereplace
vowel
doubles
rained
Points
stopped,
stirred
swimming
tying
stopping,
writing,
cared,
Regular
final
caring,
stirring,
hoped
consonant
consonant
is dropped
waiting,
raining
waited,
most
helping,
verbs
helped,
ed
form
justafter
add final
with
-y
Iying,
hoping,
-ing
form
dying,
-ing,
coming
single
-ed
-e
Note: -y, -IN, -x are never doubled, e.g. staying, stayed, blowing, boxing, boxed
Arrange the following verbs into three groups according
the -ing form.
(a) like wait: waiting (add -ing)
(b) like stop: stopping (double final consonant, add -ing)
(c) like write: writing (drop -e, add -ing)
sleep
dig
wipe
get
fai!
plug
give
cure
need
dose
trim
shut
hit
lose
drop
read
wear
start
to the spelling
put
dean
score
of
bore
win
lean
Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form.
(d) John's (sit) in the (Iive)-room, (watch) television and (eat) a sandwich. The dog
is (lie) at his feet. I'm (cut) some more sandwiches.
(e) We're (have) a party on Saturday. We're (Iook) forward to (see) you there.
We've been (plan) it for weeks. We're (die) to see you again.
Put the verbs in brackets into the regular -ed form.
(f) She (slow) down, (stop), (rub) her eyes and (stare) at the tall man who had
(shout) and (step) out in front of hero
(g) That night she (phone) me. In a (tire) voice, she (beg) me not to leave hero
'I'm (scare). Don't go. I ... ' She (pause).
I
2
Two-syllable verbs ending in one consonant after one vowel
Verbs
vanswered
isited just
listened
Points
d
ouble
final
visiting
answering
regretting
-ing,
-ed
listening
regretted
on
firstconsonant
syllable:
-ing form
Regular
-edadd
form
preferring
beginning
preferred
stress
second
syllable:
Note:
never
doubled, travelled
e.g. obeying, allowed, relaxed
Main be'gin
exception: final
-I, -y,-vv,-x
e.g. 'travel,
travelling,
Write the verbs in brackets in the correct -ing form. The stress is given.
(a) Catherine's (be'gin) her new job tomorrow.
(b) Listen to that noise! What's ('happen)?
(c) He spends a lot of time ('travel) abroad.
(d) They're ('open) a new shop in Oxford next month.
(e) I apologise for (for'get) your birthday.
(f) Canada is now (per'mit) tourists to enter the country without visas.
(g) He's ('sharpen) his pencils.
(h) llike to spend my holidays (re'lax) on the beach.
Write the verbs in brackets in the correct past tense. The stress is given.
(i) My grandfather ('suffer) from very bad headaches.
G)
She said she (pre'fer) coffee to tea.
(k) The firm (al'low) the workers to go home early during the very hot weather.
(I) When they heard I was ill, they ('cancel) the meeting.
(m) He (ad'mit) to the police that he had stolen the money.
(n) I ('offer) him some money, but he wasn't interested.
(o) She (re'gret) that she couldn't come with us.
(p) Luckily no one was in the house when the explosion (oc'cur).
Spelling: miscellaneous points
1
Words
Points
also, almost, although, already, altogether,
always etc.
only one-I
careful, useful, awful, wonderful, helpful,
successful etc.
only one-I
taught (past of 'teach')
caught (past of 'catch')
au not ou
Complete the correct spelling of the incomplete words.
(a) AI__ gh it was raining, we decided to go for a walk.
(b) He has three sons and two daughters, that's five children al__
er.
I
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
I'm al__ s tired, doctor. I never have any energy.
She's al__ y finished. Wasn't she quick?
I've known him al__ t all my life.
What a won __ 1present! Thank you very much.
The weather was aw __ 1.It was cold, wet and windy.
Thank you for being 50 he__ 1when I was in trouble.
I find a typewriter very u5__ 1in my work.
G)
This work isn't very good. Please be more ca__ 1.
(k) This year our teacher is Miss Harley. Last year Mr Weeks t__
(I) I missed the 10.15 train, but I c__ t the 10.25.
t us.
2
Words
s forty
n,
Points
= of
itinof
(The
dog ate
its food.)
its
whom
(Whose
pen is this?)
whose
note
or =
forty
who
(Who's
at the door?)
who's= it= is
(It's ishot
today.)
it's
Choose the correct item in each pair.
(a) A woman (whose, who's) husband is dead is called a widow.
(b) (Whose, Who's) at the door? Can you go and see, please?
(c) I don't know (whose, who's) money this iso
(d) I don't know (whose, who's) coming to the party.
(e) Students (whose, who's) results are bad must take the exam again.
(f) She's very interested in Brazil and (its, it's) history.
(g) (Its, It's) very hot today, isn't it?
(h) I knew it was a giraffe because of (its, it's) lon g necko
(i) The firm has decided to change (its, it's) name.
G)
I think (its, it's) going to rain.
Spell these numbers: (k)
4 (I) 14 (m) 40 (n) 44
3
Words
address,
success,
c.
Put in the missing double letters in
(a) 15 it po_ible
to take a di_erent
(b) Can you give me any a_re_es
(c) Hard work, not luck, is nece_ary
II
note
Points-y
double
note:
-y-after
not consonants
consonant
-i
final
before -er,
changes
to -est,
-i
-ness, -Iy, -ful
copier, dirtiest, laziness, happily, beautiful etc.
the incomplete words.
train?
of student a_o_dation?
for examination su_e_.
Make a suitable word from each word in brackets.
(d) He's very lazy. He's the (lazy) person I know.
(e) It's a very (beauty) part of the country.
(f) We have a very good photo-(copy) in aur office.
(g) The birth of their daughter brought them a lot of (happy).
(h) I think the streets are (dirty) naw than they were ten years ago.
Put the missing letter in each word in brackets.
(i) The police don't know what happened. It's a complete (m_stery).
U)
Tokyo has a very good public transport (s_stem).
(k) Have you seen the (p_ramids)
of Egypt?
4
Silent letter words (silent letter in brackets)
,
guard, guess etc. (u)
climb, comb etc. (b)
doubt, debt etc. (b)
exhibition, exhausted etc. (h)
hour, honest etc. (h)
Put
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
school, character etc. (h)
knee, knife etc. (k)
autumn, column etc. (n)
receipt, psychological etc. (p)
write, wrong etc. (w)
in the missing silent letters in each incomplete word.
Did you com_ your hair before you went to sc_ool this morning?
Of course we were ex_austed after c1im_ing the mountain.
That's aur first g_est _nocking at the door.
I think autum_ is the _rang time to go there. Summer is better.
We need an _onest man with a good c_aracter.
The assistant forgot to give me a recei_t when I bought the g_itar.
There is no dou_t that it is the best ex_ibition for years.
She cut her _nee with anife.
It took me an _aur to rite the letter .
•
The British Isles
The British Isles are the islands oft the north-west of the continent of Europe.
Britain (or Great Britain) consists of England, Scotland and Wales. The United
Kingdom consists of Britain and Northern Ireland. The Republic of Ireland is a
separate, independent country. Match each country, city and sea below (in
capitalletters)
with the correct number on the map.
12
miles
o
I
o
50
100
80
160
I
I
kilometles
ENGLAND (population 46 million) is the largest country in the British Isles.
The capital, LONDON (5 million), is also the capital ot Britain, the seat ot
government and the home ot the Queen.
SCOTLAND (5 million) is in the north ot Britain. The language is English but 1.5% ot
Scots also speak Gaelic. EDINBURGH (0.4 million) is the capital. The Edinburgh
Festival ot Musie and the Arts is held every year.
WALES (3 million) is in the west ot Britain. English is the main language, but 25%
ot the people also speak Welsh and 1% speak only Welsh. The capital is
CARDIFF (0.3 million) in the south ot Wales.
NORTHERN IRELAND (1.5 million), also known as 'Ulster', is part ot the United
Kingdom. It has a large Roman Catholic minority. The capital is BELFAST(0.4 million).
THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND (3 million) is also known as 'Eire'. The main language
is English but Irish (Erse) is also spoken. 94% ot the people are Roman Catholic.
DUBLIN (0.6 million) is the capital.
THE NORTH SEA, east ot Britain, provides tish and also valuable oil and gas trom
under the sea bed.
I
THE CHANNEL, between England and France, is only 34 kilometres wide at its
narrowest. To cross to France you can go by ship or by train through the new
Channel Tunnel.
THE IRISH SEA lies between Britain and Ireland.
Word Games
1
Rearrange the nonsense compound nouns in each group below so that
they make nine real compound nouns.
(a)
IA
F
I
R M W A R
(b)
IB U S L
F O O T T
L M S E A T
S A
IN E W S S I D E
C
T A B L E B
IWORLDCHAI
I N E M A
F R
p O
I E
B I R T H P A P E
G
I
L I C E C E N T
APPLEWATE
R L C A S E
G O L D S T O P
B O O K S T A R
TOWNBALL
SEADAY
2
T E A C A R
Complete the spelling ot the words below using the c1uesto help you.
not day
8
noun of 'see'
heaviness
80
I
noun of 'high'
may
not dark
I
not wrong
3
I
I
I
I
I
G
G
G
G
G
H
H
H
H
H
T
T
T
T
T
I
I
I
I
G
G
G
G
H
H
H
H
T
T
T
T
Put the missing .d2.Y.bleletters in the words below.
N E C E
A
R Y
T R A V E
E D
F O R G O
E N
D
I
E R E N T
E X C E
I
E N T
E D
I A T
E
BEGI
ING
S U
D E D
P R E F E
4
L T F
E D
Make a new word trom each word below by taking away one letter.
e.g. there - here
stand - sand
c10ud
stick
note
coast
chair
that
shone
height
rain
bright
talking
skill
heart
tries
slow
waist
flight
read
I
5
In a word square like this one the words read the same left to right and
top to bottom. Can you make your own 9 or even 16-letter square?
F
A
N
E
T
R
T
A
13.
III17.5.2.
14.
18.
6 sing
tell
sit
see
Down
leave
take
lose
Across
send
27
351the
11.
get
keep
grow
dig
Fili in8
puzzles by putting
in the past tense of the verbs in the c1ues.
4693
a)
5 ring
t
6.
II110.
I
17.
nTiI
I
10
have
hide1 catch
L879 think
give
12.
I
9.
18.
r· 19.
[1.
14.
7
Make
as many
be used only
No proper nouns
COUNTRYSIDE.
8
words
once
and no plurals.
For each word
meaning
as you can from
in each new word.
but exactly
below
e.g. past-passed
EYE
THERE
WHERE
HERE
RIGHT
9
Rearrange
e.g. birds:
try again
which
TIME.
be three
with
Each letter
letters
UNITED
has a different
can
or more.
NATIONS
spelling
and
and
pronunciation.
the
on the
OPEING
letters
left
PIECE
HOLE
TWO
RED
of the words
below
to form
new words
according
of each group.
(Answer:
pigeon)
GURBY
LHAL
ODOR
DIWOWN
ROFOL
WINDSHAC
TAME
YECKOH
SINENT
RIFUT
KALTABBLES
BEETLEGSAV
THINECK
INCLlGE
BLOTFALO
SALABELB
ASSUAGE
SHETTICAL
LOCCEATHO
ASTOT
ROFO
food:
10
must
hour-our
MEET
to the word
Then
give another
the same
BREAKFAST
Words
In each square
to bottom,
words?
In the first
Parts of the Body
F Jt'
WI
M
X
T
K
B
A
Y
E
R
M
PS
N
A
A
F
L
V
L
IA
O
U
C
G
T
B
N
S
C
N
O
D
H
R
IS
E
G
,E:
Y
N'
Li'.,Z
~"LR
~
S
H
C
B
T
A
ER
below
left to right
15 words
or going
square,
three
are hidden.
Ali are in a straight
down
diagonally.
Can you find
words
are already
done
Animals
A
L
T
E
IP
R
A
N
B
E
R
F
X
N
Z W
T
H
E
K
IE O
H
O
V
D
G
F
IR
E
G
C
W
G
E
C
O
S
LO
O
line, top
ali the
as examples.
Clothes
A A
W
A
W
D
N
T
R
JE
R
E
IS
E S
K
H
K
L
R
U
S
S
U
T
H
C
O
S
E
C
O
T
E
B
LS I
S
U
O
II
Key
Dictionary
Practice
Finding Words (p.1)
bank, bath, bicycle, biscuit, blood, book, both, boy, break, bum
Finding Pronunciation (p.1)
1 /0/ wrong, donkey, shop, across, gone, bomb /AI company, nothing, monkey, among, love,
mother, done, son, Monday 2 honest, honour, hour, exhausted, exhibition 3 sew, 50/ steel,
steal / fair, fare / here, hear / too, two / mail, male / wait, weight / bear, bare
Finding Stress (p.1)
be'gin, 'open, 'offer, pre'fer, 'photograph,
'breakfast, a'ppointment
pho'tographer,
photo'graphic,
im'portant,
Finding Spelling (p.1)
1 hoping, stopping, Iying, hitting,
pienieking, travelling, writing, beginning, putting, dying
2 radios, potatoes, heroes, kilos, studios, echoes, pianos, photos, cargoes, videos / liar, owner,
beginner, bachelor, beggar, author, prisoner, burglar, translator, inspector 3 holiday, always,
system, address, separate, grateful, professor, immediately, accommodation, responsible
Finding Meaning (p.2)
parts of a book: index, contents, cover, page, chapter / parts of the body: chest, thigh,
thumb, ankle, wrist
c10thing parts: lapel, belt, lining, zip, cuff / human sounds: sniff, cough, yawn, sneeze, hiccup /
things in our pockets: wallet, com b, ticket, key, purse
Finding Different Word Parts (p.2)
1 (a) taught
(b) fought (c) threw (d) froze (e) drank (f) preferred 2 nightmare, night-time,
nightfall, nightcap
Topics
I
The Family (p.3)
1 (a) husband, wife (b) children (c) daughter, son (d) brother, sister (e) parents (f) cousins
(g) uncle, aunt (h) niece, nephew 2 (a) grandchildren (b) grandparents (c) grandson,
grandfather (d) grandmother, granddaughter (e) daughter-in-Iaw (f) father-in-Iaw,
mother-in-Iaw (g) sister-in-Iaw (h) brother-in-Iaw, son-in-Iaw 3 (a) sister and brother (b) father
and daughter (c) mother and son (d) cousins (e) aunt and niece (f) uncle and nephew
(g) father-in-Iaw and son-in-Iaw (h) husband and wife (i) brothers-in-Iaw G) grandmother and
grandson (k) grandfather and granddaughter (I) mother-in-Iaw and daughter-in-Iaw
Transport (p.4)
1 (a) ship (b) helicopter
(c) lorry (d) (aero)plane (e) train (f) boat (g) car (h) bike (bicycle) (i) bus
underground train (k) van (I) motor-bike (motor-cycle) 2 (a) go (b) take (c) wait (d) arrives (e) get
(f) pay (g) reaches (h) get (i) takes 3 (a) to, by, on (b) for, at (c) at, on (d) -, off
G)
Parts of the Body (p.S)
I
1 (a) fingers (b) hair (c) head (d) hand (e) thumb (f) arm (g) chest (h) knee (i) sole G) foot
(k) toes (I) heel (m) leg (n) bottom (o) waist (p) back (q) elbow (r) eye (s) nose (t) mouth
(u) tongue (v) ear (w) lips (x) neck (y) shoulder (z) tooth 2 (a) fingers (b) tongue (c) mouth
(d) hair (e) nose (f) teeth
Clothes (p.6)
1 (a) shirt
(b) tie (c) suit (d) shoes (e) cap (f) casual jacket (g) jeans (h) tee-shirt (i) underwear
belt (k) shorts (I) boots (m) blouse (n) skirt (o) socks (p) jacket (q) dress (r) hat (s) sweater
(t) trousers (u) overcoat 2 (a) in (b) on (c) wit h (d) in (e) on (f) with
G)
The Bedroom and Bathroom (p.7)
1 (a) pyjamas (b) wardrobe (c) nightdress (d) wash-basin (e) mirror (f) toilet (g) tiles (h) hanger
(i) stool Gl chest of drawers (k) blanket (I) dressing-gown (m) bed (n) sheets (o) pillow (p) bath
2 (a) wardrobe (b) chest of drawers (c) pillow (d) wash-basin (e) sheets, blanket (f) dressinggown 3 (a) on (b) on, in (c) to (d) on (e) on (f) in
The living Room (p.8)
1 (a) light
(b) ceiling (c) bookcase (d) switch (e) lamp (f) television (g) radio (h) fan (i) sofa
cushion (k) mat (I) armchair (m) rug (n) floor (o) carpet (p) waste-paper bin 2 (a) television,
sofa, armchair (b) radio (c) fan (d) bookcase (e) waste-paper bin (f) cushion 3 (a) on (b) in
(c) to (d) in (e) on (f) in
Gl
In the Street (p.g)
1 (a) signs (b) post-box (c) bu s-stop (d) poster (e) lamp-post (f) queue (g) road (h) traffic-lights
(i) crossroads Gl car park (k) railings (I) litter-bin (m) pedestrians (n) pavement (o) kerb
(p) parking warden (q) crossing (r) parking meter (s) gutter 2 (a) queue, bu s-stop
(b) traffic-lights (c) crossing (d) poster (e) litter-bin (f) parking warden, parking meter 3 (a) in,
at (b) in, at (c) in (d) to (e) on
The Seaside (p.10)
1 (a) hotel
(b) e1iff (c) rocks (d) wave (e) pier (f) horizon (g) sailing boat (h) motor-boat (i) sea
canoe (k) sunshade (I) swimming costume (m) towel (n) stones (o) kayak (p) rowing boat
(q) tent (r) beach (s) bungalow (t) sand
G)
The Country (p.11)
(a) waterfall (b) farm (c) spade (d) bridge (e) stream (f) barn (g) hill (h) field (i) wood G) pond
(k) forest (I) duck and duckling (m) sheep and lamb (n) cow and calf (o) valley (p) horse and
foal (q) tractor (r) chicken and chick
The House (p.12)
(a) satellite dish (b) aerial (c) chimney (d) roof (e) curtain (f) shutter (g) garage (h) blind (i) stairs
Gl door (k) floor (I) garden (m) gate (n) pat h (o) fence (p) wall
The Weather (p.13)
1 (a) sun (b) e10ud (c) wind (d) rain (e) fog (f) mist (g) snow (h) forecast 2 (a) changeable
(b) wet (c) dry (d) elear (e) e10udy (f) hot (g) warm (h) mild (i) cold G) freezing 3 (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6
(d) 3 (e) 1 (f) 5
Going Shopping (p.14)
1 (a) assistant (b) manager (c) customers (d) shelves (e) cashier (f) basket (g) queue (h) check-out
(i) trolley G) till 2 (a) spend (b) need (e) buy (d) sell (e) push (f) look for (g) find (h) take
(i) pay G) complain 3 (a) round (b) for (c) at (d) in front of (e) on (f) for (g) from (h) in (i) in
G) to 4 (a) box (b) bottle (c) tin (d) carton (e) jar (f) tube (g) packet (h) bottle (i) box Gl bottle,
tube (k) carton, tin, bottle (I) jar, tube (m) jar (n) tin (o) jar (p) packet (q) paeket (r) tin, tube
(s) packet 5 (a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 4 (d) 1 (e) 6 (f) 5 (g) 2
Work (p.16)
1 (a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 1 (e) 2 (f) 3 (g) 4 2 (a) interview (b) experience (c) qualifications (d) skilis
(e) personal qualities (f) wages (g) hours 3 (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 2 (e) 7 (f) 1 (g) 4 4 (a) footballer
(b) farmer (c) actress (d) librarian (e) labourer (f) secretary (g) lawyer (h) porter (i) mechanie
Gl journalist (k) businessman (I) priest (m) carpenter (n) waiter (o) scientist
I
Education (p.18)
1 (a) play-school (b) learn (c) start (d) compulsory (e) primary school (f) terms (g) pupils
(h) mixed (i) staff 2 (a) secondary school (b) state school (c) private school (d) subjects
(e) specialise (f) take (g) pass (h) marks (i) fail 3 (a) student (b) grant (c) fe es (d) keen (e) studies
(f) courses (g) last (h) graduate (i) degree 4 (a) graduate (b) teacher training college (c) c1asses
(d) lessons (e) homework (f) mark (g) prepare (h) behave (i) strict 5 (a) at (b) at (c) in (d) on
(e) to (f) with (g) at (h) fram (i) to, in G) of (k) of (I) in (m) between (n) with
MOnE!Y (p.20)
~
1 (a) earn
(b) spend (c) borrow (d) lend (e) open (f) save (g) pay (h) afford (i) pay back G) owe
2 (a) well-off (b) hard-up (c) make ends meet (d) brake (e) in debt 3 (a) fram (b) on (c) on
(d) in 4 (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 1 (e) 10 (f) 8 (g) 5 (h) 9 (i) 2 G) 6. Income: b, c, f, g, h; Expenditure:
a, d, e, i, j.
A Life (p.21)
1 (a) was born (b)
come fram (c) grow up (d) bring up (e) educate (f) move (g) join (h) leave
(i) become G) settle down 2 (a) in (b) in (c) fram (d) in (e) in (f) at (g) in (h) as 3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 1
(d) 6 (e) 2 (f) 3
Sport (p.23)
1 (a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 7 (d) 5 (e) 9 (f) 8 (g) 4 (h) 6 (i) 2 2 (a) play (b) train (c) win (d) lose (e) draw
(f) beat (g) score 3 (a) two nil (b) four all (c) nil all (d) thirty love (e) fifteen all (f) love fifteen
4 (a) shooting (b) table-tennis (c) basketball (d) skating (e) football (f) motor-racing (g) running
(h) baseball (i) cricket G) rugby (k) boxing (I) volley-bali (m) cycling (n) golf (o) fishing (p) tennis
(q) horse-riding (r) badminton (5) skiing (t) swimming (u) hockey 5 (1) k (2) g (3) f (4) a (5) 5
(6) r (7) c (8) g (9) q (10) 5 (11) i (12) f (13) h (14) h (15) d (16) a (17) e (18) u (19) o (20) P
(21) e (22) h (23) de/I/p (24) t (25) r (26) n (27) j (28) c (29) k (30) m
Free Time and Holidays (p.25)
1 (a) parties (b) sociable (c) dancing (d) meeting
people (e) clubs (f) discos (g) go by piane
(h) hotel (i) have a good time G) sunbathe 2 (a) cultural things (b) serious (c) c1assicalmusic
(d) reading (e) concerts (f) libraries (g) hitch-hike (h) youth hostels (i) learn about other
countries G) visit historical places 3 (a) the open air (b) active (c) sport (d) nature (e) sporting
events (f) the countryside (g) take a train (h) camp sites (i) be c10seto nature (j) go for walks
4 (a) to (b) at (c) on (d) on (e) at (f) to (g) at (h) about (i) of G) at (k) to (I) by
IIIness and the Doctor (p.27)
1 (a) brain (b) lungs (c) heart (d) stomach (e) doctor (f) patient (g) nurse (h) receptionist
(i) chemist 2 (a) examine (b) treat (c) suffer (d) cure (e) operate (f) look after (g) keep (h) ache
3 (a) in (b) to (c) for (d) to (e) to (f) wit h (g) on 4 (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 1 (e) 7 (f) 2 (g) 8 (h) 5
In the Morning (p.29)
1 (a) shower (b) comb (c) briefcase (d) soap (e) hairbrush (f) newspaper (g) electric razor
(h) alarm c10ck (i) toothbrush G) teeth (k) clothes (I) pyjamas 2 d, f, h, b, j. c, a, r, k, e, q, g, n,
i, o, p, I, m 3 (a) wear (b) put on (c) dress (d) put on (e) wear (f) dress
The Telephone (p.31)
1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 1 (e) 4 2 (a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 8 (e) 9 (f) 1 (g) 7 (h) 2 (i) 3 (j) 11 (k) 10
3 (a) wrang number (b) engaged (c) long-distance (d) rates (e) operator (f) off-peak
(g) interference (h) directory (i) directory enquiries G) call-box (k) receiver
Watching Television (p.32)
1 (a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 9 (e) 4 (f) 2 (g) 7 (h) 1 (i) 8 3 (a) turn off (b) record (c) turn on (d) switch
(e) plan (f) look up
I
How To Do Things
How to do the Washing Up (p.33)
1 (a) washing-up
liquid (b) tap (c) sink (d) draining-board (e) cupboard (f) drawer (g) e10th
(h) sponge (i) brush U) dishes 2 (2) tum on, fili, tum oft (3) add (5) rinse (6) drain (7) dry
(8) put away
How to make an English Breakfast (p.34)
1 (a) toaster)
(b) napkin (c) frying-pan (d) teapot (e) bowl (f) salt (g) jug (h) tea-bag (i) glass
table-e1oth (k) pepper (I) kettle 2 (1) lay (2) boil (3) pour (4) add, stir (5) spread (6) fry
(8) elear away
U)
How to do Keep-Fit Exercises (p.35)
1 (1) stand, hang (2) raise (3) tum, move (4) lower 2 (2) hol d (3) lean (4) bend, bring, touch
(5) straighten
How to use a Radio/Cassette Player (p.36)
1 (a) knob (b) batteries (c) controls (d) buttons (e) point (f) lead (g) plug (h) switch 2 (1) plug in
(2) switch on (3) press (4) tum down, tum (5) tum up (8) switch oft (9) unplug
Related Word Groups
Basic Adjectives (p.37)
1W5~3~2~4~12W3~1~4~5~23W4~5~2~1~34W5
~4~2~3~15W3~5~1~2~46W2~1~4~5~3
Basic Adjectives: opposites (p.38)
1 (a) good (b) fat (c) thick (d) late (e) deep (f) hot 2 (a) heavy (b) dark (c) young (d) casual
(e) major (f) new 3 (a) smali (b) wide (c) busy (d) wealthy (e) smooth (f) calm 4 (a) blunt
(b) safe (c) public (d) wonderful (e) e1ean(f) short 5 (a) empty (b) guilty (c) easy (d) huge
(e) tight (f) low 6 (a) slow (b) nice (c) cheap (d) wrong (e) weak (f) dry 7 (a) stupid (b) sad
(c) rude (d) 50ft (e) ugly (f) quiet
Verbs (p.40)
1W4~1~5~3~22W4~3~5~1~23W3~5~2~1~44W2
~1~4~5~35W3~5~4~1~2
Action Verbs (p.41)
1 (a) driver (b) e1eaner (c) artist (d) hairdresser (e) athlete (f) dressmaker (g) hairdresser
(h) e1eaner (i) athlete U) dressmaker (k) artist (I) driver 2 (a) dentist (b) soldier (c) pilot
(d) gardener (e) postman (f) teacher (g) teacher (h) postman (i) solider U) gardener (k) pilot
(I) dentist
Adjectives Deseribing Character (p.42)
1 (a) sociable (b) adventurous (c) impatient 2 (a) easy-going (b) talkative (c) ambitious
3 (a) naughty (b) lazy (c) cheerful 4 (a) selfish (b) sensible (c) optimistic 5 (a) tidy (b) Pf)lite
(c) imaginative 6 (a) polite (b) lazy (c) sensible (d) optimistic (e) sociable (f) cheerful (g) naughty
(h) impatient (i) talkative U),tidy (k) easy-going (I) ambitious (m) adventurous (n) selfish
(o) imaginative
People's Appearance (p.43)
.
1 (a) short
(b) elderly (c) bald (d) glasses (e) his arms folded (f) formally dressed (g) striped
(h) well-pressed (i) well-polished shoes / (a) strongly-built (b) in his thirties (c) straight
(d) bracelet (e) his hands on his hips (f) casually-dressed (g) checked (h) patched (i) trainers
2 (a) slim (b) middle-aged (c) wavy (d) necklace (e) her hands clasped (f) neatly-dressed
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(g) spotted (h) smart (i) high-heeled shoes / (a) average height (b) teenage (c) curly (d) bow
(e) her hands by her sides (f) untidily-dressed (g) plain (h) baggy (i) sandais
Materials (p.45)
(a) wool (b) glass (c) paper (d) cotton (e) denim (f) stone (g) leather (h) metal (i) brick
(k) wood (I) iron (m) steel (n) china (o) rubber
U)
plastic
Geographical Words (p.45)
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 1 (d) 5 (e) 9 (f) 2 (g) 3 (h) 11 (i) 7
U)
12 (k) 6 (I) 10
Word Building
'-ful' and '-less' (p.46)
(a) useful (b) useless (c) painless (d) painful (e) homeless (f) helpful (g) sleepless (h) hopeful
(i) tasteless
'Interesting' and Interested' etc. (p.46)
(a) exciting (b) excited (c) relaxed (d) relaxing (e) satisfied (f) satisfying (g) boring (h) bored
(i) frightened U) frightening (k) annoying (I) annoyed
'-er' and '-or' (p.47)
(a) worker (b) visitor (c) c1eaner (d) actor (e) driver (f) employer (g) manager (h) director
(i) operator U) maker (k) painter (I) builder (m) collector (n) sailor (o) speaker
'-ist' and "_an"(p.47)
(a) Christian (b) typist (c) politician (d) American (e) pianist (f) scientist (g) electrician (h) cyclist
(i) artist U) guitarist (k) Roman (I) novelist
'Hourly', 'Daily' etc. (p.47)
(a) daily (b) weekly (c) yearly (d) hourly (e) fortnightly
(f) monthly
'-en' (p.48)
(a) tighten (b) loosen (c) brighten (d) sharpen (e) deafen (f) widen (g) lengthen (h) strengthen
Number + Noun (p.48)
(a) five-mile (b) ten-minute (c) 200-page (d) 20-storey (e) two-week (f) ten-metre
(g) six-month (h) five-country (i) two-ton
'un-', 'dis-', 'in-', 'im-', 'il-', "ir-"(p.49)
1 (a) unwell (b) unnecessary (c) unhealthy (d) unpleasant (e) unemployed (f) unpunctual
(g) unfair 2 (a) untidy (b) unfriendly (c) unsatisfactory (d) unusual (e) unconscious
(f) unsuccessful (g) unhurt 3 (a) unlock (b) unpack (c) untie (d) unwrap (e) undo (f) undress
4 (a) irregular (b) incorrect (c) illegal (d) inconvenient (e) impolite (f) informal (g) dishonest
Adverbs of Manner (p.50)
(a) stupidly (b) continuously (c) heroically (d) noisily (e) truthfully (f) dramatically (g) hard
(h) angrily (i) publicly U) strangely (k) tidily (I) completely, absolutely
Compound Nouns (p.51)
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1 (a) a birthday-party (b) a question-mark (c) a college library (d) a university student (e) office
furniture (f) work c10thes (g) a lorry-driver (h) a television programme (i) a government
building U) an evening c1ass(k) a shop-window (I) a bread-knife (m) an exercise-book
(n) a ticket inspector (o) a toothbrush (p) a stamp-album (q) a road-map (r) a shoelace
(s) orange-juice (t) a book-list (u) a film magazine (v) a camera shop (w) a tourist bus
2 (a) stamp collections (b) city-centres (c) teacups (d) concert-halls (e) family doctors
(f) picture-frames (g) dog owners (h) car-wheels (i) airline pilots U) matchboxes (k) handbags
(I) garden chairs
~
Word Forms (p.52)
(1) decision, decide (2) congratulate, congratulations (3) permit, permission (4) invitation,
invite (5) arrival, arrive (6) depart, departure (7) complain, complaint (8) argue, argument
(9) importance, important (10) difficult, difficulty (11) height, high (12) arrangement,
arrange (13) bleed, blood (14) practice, practise (15) description, describe (16) explanation,
explain (17) enjoy, enjoyable (18) fly, flight (19) signature, sign (20) meet, meeting
(21) hot, heat (22) suit, suitable (23) relaxation, relax (24) choose, choice (25) legal,
legalise (26) modernise, modern (27) industry, industrial (28) agricultural. agriculture
(29) simple, simplify (30) admit, admission (31) freedom, free (32) weigh, weight
(33) noisy, noise (34) safety, safe (35) dangeraus, danger (36) peace, peaceful (37) lose,
1055 (38) mix, mixture (39) dirty, dirt (40) violent, violence (41) measurement, measure
(42) kind, kindness (43) (a) happily (b) happy (c) happiness (44) (a) success (b) succeed
(c) successful (45) (a) die (b) dead (c) death
Idioms
Verb Phrases (p.55)
1 (a) make your bed (b) make a list (c) make an appointment (d) make your breakfast
(e) make sure (f) make a noise 2 (a) make a decision (b) make enquiries (c) make plans
(d) make some money (e) make friends (f) make an effort 3 (a) take care (b) take a photo
(c) take an exam (d) take a seat (e) take any notice (f) take place 4 (a) have a bath (b) have
breakfast (c) have a game of tennis (d) have fun (e) have a party (f) have a rest 5 (a) keep
fit (b) keep still (c) keep calm (d) keep a record (e) keep awake (f) keep quiet 6 (a) do my
shopping (b) do the housework (c) do some work (d) do exercises (e) do me good (f) do a
lot of harm 7 (a) get married (b) get a lot of money (c) get fiu (d) get a train (e) get ready
'Touch' (p.57)
(a) keep in touch (b) get out of touch (c) get in touch
Prepositional Phrases (p.57)
1 (a) at home (b) at work (c) at the sea side (d) at school (e) at first (f) at least (g) at once
(h) at last 2 (a) on time (b) on fire (c) on foot (d) on holiday (e) on business (f) on the one
hand (g) on the other hand (h) on second thoughts 3 (a) in person (b) in time (c) in prison
(d) in a mess (e) in trouble (f) in love (g) in tears (h) in ahurry 4 (a) by mistake (b) by post
(c) by phone (d) by chance (e) by car (f) by bus (g) by ali means (h) by the way 5 (a) out of
date (b) out of doors (c) out of order (d) out of contral (e) out of breath (f) out of work
Pairs (p.59)
1 (a) more or less (b) 50 and 50 (c) on and off (d) yes and no 2 (a) likes and dislikes
(b) little by little (c) do's and don 'ts (d) peace and quiet
Time (p.59)
(a) ages (b) the other day (c) 50 far (d) fram now on (e) one day (f) for good
'Mind'
(p.59)
(a) on your mind (b) change your mind (c) make up your mind (d) mind your head
(e) I don 't mind (f) read your mind
Things We Say (p.GO)
1 (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 2 (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 3 (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 4 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c)' 1 (d) 4
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Miscellaneous
Abbreviations (p.61)
1 (a) a.m. (b) p.m. (c) etc. (d) e.g. (e) PS(f) US (g)
(d) BC (e) AD (f) i.e. (g) EU (h) UK
do
(h) Rd (i) PTO 2 (a) f t (b) ins (c) Ibs
Reading Dates and Numbers (p.62)
1 (a) ..'. 6th April (ar: April 6) 1743 (b) ... f2.35 (c) ... 3704492 (d) ... 1276
(e) 1cm = 0.3937 ins 2 (a) ... the fourth of May nineteen thirty-seven (b) ... four pounds
fifty each (c) four oh eight nine double-one seven (d) ... twelve thousand seven hundred
and fifty pounds (e) one pound is (or: equals) nought point four five four kilograms
Punctuation Marks (p.63)
(a) inverted commas (b) exclamation mark (c) fuli stop (d) question mark (e) capital letter
(f) smallletter (g) apostrophe (h) hyphen (i) comma G) brackets
Punctuation
Fuli
sto pS.
(a)
(b)
We've received a letter from Mr A. W. Holden. Have you seen it?
He arrives on 17 Sept. on BA flight 301. He'll stay in U.K. till the following Thurs.
before going to the U.5.A., Japan and Australia. What a journey! Will Sue meet him
at the airport?
Go! Get out! Now! l1's dangerous! Can't you see?
She asked me if the U.S. is in the E.U. What a question!
What are you doing? Are you going out? Remember to take your key.
(c)
(d)
(e)
question marks. exclamation marks (p.63)
Commas (p.64)
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Look, Maria, the British flag is red, white and blue.
She can't act, sing or dance. She'lI never get into films or on television.
We II, I can drive a car, speak three languages, play the piano and repair almost
anything mechanical.
She lives at Fiat 12, Stewart Court, Oak Street, Westminster, London.
She was born on 20th December, 1961.
'Alex, did you get the bread?'
'Yes, it's in the kitchen, Mum.'
'Thanks, here's the money.'
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
After you have finished this work, you can go.
Wash your hands before you eat.
If I have time, 1'11 do it tomorrow.
As soon as he got home, he phoned his cousin.
They'd hel p us if they were here, wouldn't they?
You aren't going to wear that hat, are you?
She'lI be here at 7, won't she?
3
(a)
He works for Simmonds, which is a large manufacturing company.
Firms which employ fewer than 100 workers do not need to pay this tax.
(c)
His father, who is a businessman, has three cars.
(d) Candidates who fail the exam may re-take it in June.
(e)
Tourists are advised to avoid countries where the disease is known to exist.
(f)
He's gon e to Egypt, where the climate is better for his health.
(b)
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Apostrophes (p.65)
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
It's raining. You'd better take a raincoat or you'lI get wet.
Scientists don't understand how the piane lost one of its wings.
It's fascinating to watch a bird care for its young.
Remember that this word is spelt with two c's and two m's.
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Is that John's car?
My father's garden is always in good condition.
My parents' home is smalI. They only have one bedroom.
The boys' changing-room is on that side of the sports-hall. This is the girls'
changing-room.
Look at that girl's hair.
These are the men's toilets. Those are the women's.
Inverted commas (p.65)
1
(e)
'You look tired: she said.
He said, 'You should get a car.'
'Your friend phoned: she said, 'and I told him you were out.'
'The children are asleep: Mary said. 'They had a hard day.'
'Move and 1'11shoot!' he warned.
(f)
(g)
'What time is he coming?' she asked. 'He'lI be hungry.'
'I'd like to live in England: said Max, 'if the weather were better.'
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
At American universities, first-year students are 'freshmen' and second-year students
are 'sophomores'.
We're studying 'Othello' at school.
The 'brain' of the machine is this computer here.
If you want a marriage partner in Japan, you go to an 'omiai'.
I've seen 'Gone with the Wind' three times.
Spelling: noun plurals (p.66)
1 (a) wishes, kisses (b) boxes, matches (c) watches, dresses (d) boys, studies (e) toys, countries
(f) libraries, Sundays (g) families, monkeys, ways, babies (h) sheep (i) fish 2 (a) yourselves,
knives (b) wives, handkerchiefs (c) lives, roofs (d) kilos, tomatoes (e) photos, heroes (f) women,
feet (g) children, teeth
Spelling: verbs ending in '.y' (p.67)
(a) stay, destroy, display, buy (b) carry, copy, marry, occupy, multiply, dry (c) hurries, tries, enjoys
(d) spies, betrays, pays (e) delayed, satisfied (f) applied, annoyed, qualified
Spelling: '-ing' form and regular '·ed' past tense/past participie (p.68)
1 (a) sleep, fail, need, read, wear, start, clean, lean (b) dig, get, plug, trim, shut, hit, drop, put,
win (c) wipe, give, cure, close, lose, score, bore (d) sitting, living, watching, eating, Iying,
cutting (e) having, looking, seeing, planning, dying (f) slowed, stopped, rubbed, stared,
shouted, stepped (g) phoned, tired, begged, scared, paused 2 (a) beginning
(b) happening (c) travelling (d) opening (e) forgetting (f) permitting (g) sharpening
(h) relaxing (i) suffered (j) preferred (k) allowed (I) cancelled (m) admitted (n) offered
(o) regretted (p) occurred
Spelling: miscellaneous points (p.69)
1 (a) although (b) altogether (c) always (d) already (e) almost (f) wonderful (g) awful (h) helpful
(i) useful (j) careful (k) taught (I) caught 2 (a) whose (b) who's (c) whose (d) who's (e) whose
(f) its (g) it's (h) its (i) its U) it's (k) four (I) fourteen (m) forty (n) forty-four
I
3 (a) possible, different (b) addresses, accommodation (c) necessary, success (d) laziest
(e) beautiful (f) copier (g) happiness (h) dirtier (i) mystery Ul system (k) pyramids 4 (a) comb,
school (b) exhausted, c1imbing (c) guest, knocking (d) autumn, wrong (e) honest, character
(f) receipt, guitar (g) doubt, exhibition (h) knee, knife (i) hour, write
The British Isles (p.72)
1 Scotland 2 England 3 Wales 4 N.lreland 5 The Republic of Ireland 6 Edinburgh 7 Belfast
8 Dublin 9 Cardiff 10 London 11 The Irish Sea 12 The North Sea 13 The Channel
Word Games (p.73)
1 (a) armchair, film-star, newspaper, world war, cinema seat, birthday, girlfriend, bookcase,
seaside (b) bus-stop, football, salt water, table leg, police car, apple tree, goldfish, town
centre, tea-break 2 night, eight, sight, weight, eighty, height. might, light, right
3 necessary, travelled, forgotten, different, excellent, immediate, beginning, succeeded,
preferred 4 Different answers possible. (c)loud, s(t)ick, not(e), sho(n)e, (h)eight, ra(i)n,
coa(s)t, (c)hair, (t)hat, (b)right, tal(k)ing, (s)kill, hea(r)t, t(r)ies, (s)low, wai(s)t, (f)light, re(a)d
6 (a) Across 1 sang 3 left 4 took 6 told 8 sent 9 grew Down 1 sat 2 got 3 lost 5 kept
7 dug 8 saw (b) Across 3 swam 4 came 5 rang 7 gave 8 thought Down 1 caught
2 taught 6 found 9 had 10 hid 8 I, wear, their, hear, meat, write, peace, too, whole, read
9 (food): toast, bread, meat, fruit, sausage, sandwich, chocolate, vegetables
(sports): rugby, boxing, tennis, hockey, football, baseball, athletics, basketball
(parts of a house): roof, wall, door, hall, floor, window, ceiling, kitchen
10 (Parts of the body): finger, hair, arm, lips, face, hand, nose, head, eye, mouth, foot,
toe, neck, leg, back (Animals): zebra, bear, cat, dog, fox, cow, wolf, giraffe, horse, sheep,
tiger, elephant, pig, lion, goat (Clothes): blouse, skirt, jeans, jacket, sweater, dress, shorts,
underwear, socks, coat, shirt, suit, trousers, hat, tie
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