Menstrual Cycle 05 December 2023 Explain how a sperm cell is adapted to its function Describe continuous variation, and give an example LAST LESSON LAST WEEK Describe the role of bone marrow in the body Describe what the reactivity series is LAST YEAR LAST TOPIC Challenge: Identify the type of graph you would draw for continuous and discontinuous variation Menstrual Cycle 05 December 2023 Explain the events of the menstrual cycle and how the menstrual cycle links with pregnancy Fertilisation, Menstruation, Cycle, Hormone, Oestrogen, Progesterone, FSH, LH Define fertilisation Identify key events on a diagram of the menstrual cycle Explain why pregnancy is more or less likely at certain stages of the menstrual cycle Menstrual Cycle 05 December 2023 List all the changes that occur in males and females during puberty. Female Male Menstrual Cycle 05 December 2023 Fertilisation What is fertilization? • • Consider what the image above is showing you Why is it important? Fertilisation is when a sperm cell joins with an egg cell. It is important because this is how reproduction occurs in most living things including humans Menstrual Cycle 05 December 2023 The menstrual cycle • What changes? • Why does it change? • What causes it to change? Menstrual Cycle The menstrual cycle is the body’s way of preparing for pregnancy. It only happens in females. It is controlled by chemicals called hormones. 05 December 2023 Several hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle of a woman: • follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes the maturation of an egg in the ovary. • luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates the release of the egg. • oestrogen is involved in repairing and thickening the uterus lining • Progesterone maintains the uterus lining FSH is secreted by the pituitary gland. It makes eggs mature and stimulates the ovary to produce oestrogen. LH is secreted by the pituitary gland. When its level reaches a peak it stimulates the release of a mature egg from the ovary ovulation The level of oestrogen rises. This inhibits the production of more FSH and stimulates the build up of the lining of the uterus proliferation Uterus lining breaks down menstruation Lining of uterus builds up Lining maintained After the egg is released the level of progesterone rise and maintains the lining of the uterus in preparation for the implantation of the fertilised egg. 4 hormones involved: • FSH • Oestrogen • LH • Progesterone The Menstrual Cycle The main events in the cycle are: 1) Menstruation – uterus lining breaks down, blood and cells are lost. 2) Proliferation – repair of the uterus lining. 3) Ovulation – release of an egg from the ovary – day 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Cycle starts again Menstrual Cycle Label the key events on this menstrual cycle timeline 05 December 2023 State where in the menstrual cycle pregnancy is most likely to occur. Justify your answer Challenge: Apply knowledge of the menstrual cycle to graphs showing the hormones involved. Menstrual Cycle 05 December 2023 Todays Lesson Describe the process of menstruation Last Lesson Recall the key components of the female reproductive system Last Last Lesson Explain the importance of adaptations