Polyatomic Ions and Their Charges – Honors Chem
*ammonium
hydronium
NH4+1
H3O+1
*acetate
aluminate
amide
azide
benzoate
*bicarbonate
bisulfite
bromate
borohydride
*chlorate
chlorite
chromite
cyanate
*cyanide
dihydrogen phosphate
dihydrogen phosphite
formate
glutamate
*hydrogen carbonate
hydrogen sulfate
C2H3O2-1
AlO2-1
NH2-1
N3-1
C6H5COO-1
HCO3-1
HSO3-1
BrO3-1
BH4-1
ClO3-1
ClO2-1
CrO2-1
OCN-1
CN-1
H2PO4-1
H2PO3-1
HCOO-1
C5H8NO4-1
HCO3-1
HSO4-1
* carbonate
carbide
* chromate
dichromate
disulfate
hexafluorosilicate
hydrogen phosphate
hydrogen phosphite
imide
manganate
metasilicate
molybdate
monohydrogen phosphate
oxalate
CO3-2
C2-2
CrO4-2
Cr2O7-2
S2-2
SiF6-2
HPO4-2
HPO3-2
NH-1
MnO4-2
SiO3-2
MoO4-2
HPO4-2
C2O4-2
arsenate
arsenite
borate
citrate
AsO4-3
AsO3-3
BO3-3
C6H5O7-3
orthosilicate
SiO4-4
tripolyphosphate
P3O10-5
+1 Charge
mercury (I)
Hg2+2
-1 Charge
hydrogen sulfide
hydrogen sulfite
*hydroxide
hypobromite
hypochlorite
hypoiodite
iodate
iodite
lactate
*nitrate
*nitrite
perbromate
*perchlorate
periodate
*permanganate
sorbate
superoxide
thiocyanate
triiodide
vanadate
HS-1
HSO3-1
OH-1
BrO-1
ClO-1
IO-1
IO3-1
IO2-1
C3H5O3-1
NO3-1
NO2-1
BrO4-1
ClO4-1
IO4-1
MnO4-1
C6H7O2-1
O2-1
SCN-1
I3-1
VO3-1
-2 Charge
* peroxide
peroxydisulfate
phthalate
selenate
silicate
* sulfate
* sulfite
tartrate
tellurate
tetraborate
thiosulfate
tungstate
zincate
O2-2
S2O8-2
C8H4O4-2
SeO4-2
SiO3-2
SO4-2
SO3-2
C4H4O6-2
TeO4-2
B4O7-2
S2O3-2
WO4-2
ZnO2-2
-3 Charge
hypophosphite
* phosphate
phosphite
-4 Charge
pyrophosphate
PO2-3
PO4-3
PO3-3
P2O7-4
-5 Charge
* means that they’re pretty common / important ones…You’ll be expected to know these
A rule or two about polyatomic ions
From –ate…adding an oxygen makes per- -ate…taking away an oxygen (from the original –ate) makes
–ite…taking away another oxygen makes hypo- -ite…
ClO-1
ClO2-1
ClO3-1
ClO4-1
An example:
hypochlorite
chlorite
Base ion → chlorate
perchlorate
Taking an –ate and adding hydrogen to it makes “hydrogen –ate” and adds +1 to the charge…adding another
hydrogen makes “dihydrogen –ate” and adds another +1 to the charge…(also works for –ite’s becoming
“hydrogen –ite” or “bi- -ite” by adding one hydrogen or “dihydrogen –ite” by adding two hydrogens)…
An example:
phosphate
hydrogen phosphate
dihydrogen phosphate
PO4-3
HPO4-2
H2PO4-1
(sometimes called “biphosphate”)
Common Multivalent Metals
(more complete chart at http://www.phs.princeton.k12.oh.us/Departments/science/ldusch/multivalent.html)
Stock System
cobalt (II)
cobalt (III)
chromium (II)
chromium (III)
copper (I)
copper (II)
iron (II)
iron (III)
lead (II)
Old Name
Symbol
+2
cobaltous
cobaltic
chromous
chromic
cuprous
cuprous
ferrous
ferric
plumbous
by charges
Co
Co+3
Cr+2
Cr+3
Cu+1
Cu+2
Fe+2
Fe+3
Pb+2
Stock System
Old Name
Symbol
lead (IV)
manganese (II)
manganese (IV)
mercury (I)
mercury (II)
nickel (I)
nickel (II)
tin (II)
tin (IV)
plumbic
manganous
manganic
mercurous
mercuric
nickelous
nickelic
stannous
stannic
Pb+4
Mn+2
Mn+4
Hg2+2
Hg+2
Ni+1
Ni+2
Sn+2
Sn+4
The polyatomic ions you need to know
ammonium
NH4+1
acetate
bicarbonate
chlorate
cyanide
hydrogen carbonate
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrite
perchlorate
permanganate
C2H3O2-1
HCO3-1
ClO3-1
CN-1
HCO3-1
OH-1
NO3-1
NO2-1
ClO4-1
MnO4-1
carbonate
chromate
peroxide
sulfate
sulfite
CO3-2
CrO4-2
O2-2
SO4-2
SO3-2
phosphate
PO4-3
acetate
ammonium
bicarbonate
carbonate
chlorate
chromate
cyanide
hydrogen carbonate
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrite
perchlorate
permanganate
peroxide
phosphate
sulfate
sulfite
alphabetically
C2H3O2-1
NH4+1
HCO3-1
CO3-2
ClO3-1
CrO4-2
CN-1
HCO3-1
OH-1
NO3-1
NO2-1
ClO4-1
MnO4-1
O2-2
PO4-3
SO4-2
SO3-2