INDICATORS
Bacillus stearothermophilus at 56 °C
Bacillus subtilis var. niger at 35-37 °C
Bacillus pumilus
Autoclave
Oven
Ionizing
Radiation/Cold
Sterilization
Ethylene Oxide
Reported as gram (+):
Actinomyces
Nocardia (*slightly acid fast)
Streptomyces
Reported as gram (-):
All spiral organisms
Bacillus subtilis var. globijii
Method
Pappenheim’s
Baumgarten’s
Other Methods of Acid-Fast Staining:
Specimen M. smegmatis
M. mycobacterium M. leprae
Urine
Blue
red
tissue
blue
red
Fite Faraco
For M. leprae  use of Hematoxylin as counterstain
ALL COCCI are gram (+)
except:
“NeVerMind”
Neisseria
Veilonella
Moraxella
NOT Gram Stained:
“MUCuS”
ALL BACILLI are gram (-) except:
“MaCCBELL”
Mycoplasma (wall less)
Ureaplasma (wall less)
Chlamydia (intracellular)
Spirochetes (can’t resolved by
brightfield)
Mycobacterium
Corynebacterium
Clostridium
Bacillus
Erysipelotrhix
Lactobacillus
Listeria
TRANSPORT MEDIA
Cary Blair
Stool pathogens, Vibrio
Stuart
Virus and bacteria
Amies
Respiratory
Transgrow/JEMBEC
Neissera
Todd-Hewit
S. agalactiae (vaginal swab)
Lim Broth (modified S. agalactiae
Todd-Hewit)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Denaturation
94-95 °C for 30 secs
Annealing
45-65 °C for 30 secs – 2 mins
Extension
72 °C for 1-2 mins
LAP Test
Positive (+)
Negative (-)
Enterococcus
Aerococcus
Streptococcus
Leuconostoc
Pediococcus
DNase (+)
“SMASHVoSS”
Serratia marcescens
Moraxella catarrhalis
Aeromonas
Streptococcus pyogenes
Helicobacter pylori
Vibrio cholerae
Stenotrophomonas maltophalia
Staphylococcus aureus
NARROW BETA-hemolysis
BETA-hemolytic
 Staphylococcus lugdunensis
 Listeria monocytogenes
 Corynebacterium diphtheriae
BETA-hemolytic
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus subtilis
Clostridium septicum
Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Chromobacterium
violaceum
 H. haemolyticus
 H. parahaemolyticus
 Brucella









S. agalactiae
H. influenzae
(serotype B)
N. meningitidis
(encapsulated strain)
S. pneumoniae
ALPHA-hemolytic
 Streptococcus pneumoniae
 Viridans streptococci
MENINGITIS
Neonatal
meningitis
OXIDASE (+)
neonates
< 5 years old
Bacterial
Meningitis
Adult
bacterial
meningitis
L. monocytogenes
SOURCE
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus polymyxa
Streptomyces venezuelae
Streptomyces erthraeus
Streptomyces noursei
Streptomyces fradiae
Micromonospora purpurea
Cephalosporium
Penicillium notatum
Other Bacteria that cause
VAGINOSIS
“MP3M”
Mobilincus
Peptostreptococcus
Porphyromonas
Prevotella
Mycoplasma hominis







GAMMA-hemolytic
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Group D enterococci
Enterococci
Moraxella
Bacillus anthracis
Haemophilus influenzae
5-29 years old
> 29 years old
Elderly/
immunocompromised
ANTIBIOTICS
Bacitracin
Polymyxin
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Nystatin
Neomycin
Gentamicin
Cephalosporin
Penicillin
“CHAMPVPN”
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Aeromonas
Moraxella
Pseudomonas
Vibrio
Pleisomonas
Neisseria (except N.elongata)
DOUBLE hemolysis
 Clostridium perfringens
ACTINOMYCETES
PARTIALLY Acid-Fast
NON Acid-Fast
“GRuNT”
“SAD”
Gordonia
Streptomyces
Rhodococcus
Actinomadura
Nocardia
Dermatophilus
Tsukamurella
ODOR
Old sock
Freshly plowed field
Horse stable/barn yard
Burnt gun powder
Dirty musty odor like potatoes
Overripe grape
Corn taco/corn-tortilla like
Earthy odor on ASHDOWN medium
Apple fruity
Ammonium cyanide
Mousy
Musty/mushroom
Bleach-like
Sweet, fetid
Type
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
ETEC
Enteroinvasive E. coli
EIEC
Enteropathogenic E. coli
EPEC
Enteroaggregative E. coli
EAEC
Diffusely Adherent E. coli
DAEC
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC)
Shiga Toxin Producing E. coli (STEC)
Organism
S. aureus
Nocardia
C. difficile
Proteus
Serratia odorifera
P. aeruginosa
B. pseudomallei
Alcaligenes putrefaciens
Chromobacterium violaceum
H. influenzae
P. multocida
Eikenella corrodens
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
ENTEROVIRULENT E. COLI
Disease
 profuse, severe watery
diarrhea
 cholera-like
 Traveler’s diarrhea
 Montezuma’s revenge
 TURISTA
 Bloody diarrhea
 Shigella-like
 Infantile diarrhea
 Watery diarrhea with
no blood
Persistent pediatric
diarrhea
th
 6 group in
diarrheagenic E. coli
 Pediatric diarrhea, UTIs
SEVERE BLOOD DIARRHEA
Hemorrhagic diarrhea,
colitis, HUS
Serotypes
O6:NM
O6:H16
O8:H9
O25:NM
O27:NM
O63:H12
O124:H30
O143:NM
O164:NM
O55:NM
O55:H6
O111:NM
O111:H2
O114:NM
O114:H2
Laboratory Tests
Immunoassays for
labile toxin (LT) or
stable toxin (ST)
DNA probes
HeLa cell adherence
assay, DNA probes
O44:H18
HeLa cell adherence
assay, DNA probes
O157:H7
O157:NM
O26:H11
O104:H21
O111:H2
O111:H8
O113:H21
O118:H2
SMAC plates, MUG
E. coli O157:H7
SMAC Negative (-)
MUG  Negative (-)
color colorless
“BACILLUS”
Fried Rice Bacillus
B. cereus
Hay Bacillus
B. subtilis
Anthrax bacillus
B. anthracis
Frankel’s Bacillus
C. perfringens
Lollipop Bacillus
Tackhead Bacillus
C. tetani
Drumstick Bacillus
Tennis racket Bacillus
Canned Good Bacillus
C. botulinum
Von Ermengen’s Bacillus
Kleb Loeffler’s Bacillus
C. diphtheriae
Hoffman’s Bacillus
C. pseudodiphtheriticum
JK Bacillus
C. jeikium
Koch’s Bacillus
M. tuberculosis
Tubercle Bacillus
Hansen’s Bacillus
M. leprae
Cross Barred Bacillus
Yellow Bacillus
M. kansasii
Tap water Bacillus
Battey Bacillus
Radish Bacillus
V Bacillus
Shiga Bacillus
Strong’s Bacillus
New Castle Manchester Bacillus
Duval’s Bacillus
Friedlander’s Bacillus
Colon Bacillus
Glander’s Bacillus
Whitmore’s Bacillus
Koch Week’s Bacillus
Pfeiffer’s Bacillus
Bang’s Bacillus
Bordet gengou Bacillus
Plague Bacillus
M. gordonae/M. aquae
M. intracellulare
M. terrae
M. triviale
S. dysenteriae
S. flexneri
S. boydii
S. sonnei
K. pneumoniae
E. coli
B. mallei
B. pseudomallei
H. aegypticus
H. influenzae
B. abortus
B. pertussis
Yersinia pestis