Electronics and
Electrical
Technology
Lecturers:
Dr John Edwards – Digital – aprox 1/3
Dr Andy West – Analogue – aprox 2/3
80% Exam
Multiple Choice
20% coursework Multiple Choice
SUBJECT TO CHANGE
Tutorial in the week before Easter (wk 7)
Class Test in the week after Easter (wk 8)
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Digital Electronics
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Recommended Text Book
Digital Fundamentals
Thomas L. Floyd
Prentice Hall ISDN 0-13-573478-9
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Companion website with tutorial questions
and tests
http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_floyd_digitalfun_9
Lets have a quick look round
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Developing your interest
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Essential to use electronics to understand its operation
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Electronics labs during Integrating Studies
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Personal study using Live Wire simulator
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LiveWire is available on the department pc workstations
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Simple inverter application
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Digital and Analog
Quantities
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An analog quantity has continuous
values
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Digital and Analog
Quantities
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A digital quantity has a discrete
set of values
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Digital and Analog
Quantities
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A public address system uses
analog electronics
A CD HiFi system uses digital and
analogue electronics
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Basic principle of a CD player
(one channel only)
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Digital and Analog
Quantities
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A digital quantity has a discrete set of
values
But how do we represent an infinite
range of analog values with 1 and 0
• Use Binary Number System
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Logic levels
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Digital Systems use
0 and 1
On and Off
Open and Closed
HIGH and LOW
But this is electronics, these states
are implemented using different
voltage levels
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Logic Level Voltage Ranges
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Waveforms
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An Ideal Pulse
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Data Transfer
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Basic logic operations
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AND OR NOT
How do we latch a push button to
start or stop an electronically
controlled piece of equipment
Lets use LiveWire
Its very simple but still used for
‘glue’ logic
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Digital System Application
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Basic Logic Functions
encoding and decoding
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Basic Logic Functions
Comparison
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Basic Logic Functions
Arithmetic
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Integrated circuits
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What does digital electronics
physically look like
What size, what cost
How do we manufacture it
How do we manufacture products
with it
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Digital Integrated
Circuits
IC Packages
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Digital Integrated Circuits
IC Package configurations
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Digital Integrated Circuits
IC Package pin numbering
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Digital Integrated Circuits
IC Complexity Classification
• Small-Scale Integration (SSI) - circuits that have up to 12 equivalent gate
circuits on a single chip - basic gates and flip-flops.
• Medium-Scale Integration (MSI) - circuits that have from 12
to 99 equivalent gates on a chip - encoders, decoders, counters, registers,
multiplexers, arithmetic circuits, small memories.
• Large-Scale Integration (LSI) - complexities of 100 to 9999 equivalent
gates per chip - memories.
•
Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) - circuits with
complexities of 10,000 to 99,999 equivalent gates per chip micro- processors
• UItra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) - 100,000 equivalent gates and
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greater. Very large memories, larger microprocessors, and larger singlechip computers.
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Digital Integrated Circuits
IC Complexity Classification
• WSI – Wafer Scale Integration - uses whole uncut wafers
containing entire computers (processors as well as memory). Attempts
to take this step commercially in the 1980s failed, mostly because of
defect-free manufacturability problems.
• SOC – System On Chip - components designed to occupy a single
chip that contains memory, microprocessor(s), peripheral interfaces,
Input/Output logic control, data converters, and other components,
together composing the whole electronic system.
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What This Means
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Digital electronics is everywhere,
from computers to microwave
ovens, spacecraft to shopping
trolley's
Many analog applications
increasingly going digital, TV,
Radio, Telephones to Music
Synthesisers
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Next Steps
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Need to cover
number systems, and
look at basic building blocks,
before
studying some simple applications
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