Evolve.
Adapt.
Overcome.
CEFI is now ready.
EXPANDED
PROGRAMS ON
IMMUNIZATION
NOTES
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
PRINCIPLES OF EPI
1.Epidemiological
situation
2.Mass approach
3.Basic Health Service
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
7 IMMUNIZABLE DISEASES
1.Tuberculosis
2. Diptheria
3.Pertussis
4.Measles
5.Poliomyelitis
6.Tetanus
7.Hepatitis B
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
TARGET SETTINGS
• Infants 0-12 months
• Pregnant and Post
Partum Women
• School Entrants/
Grade 1 / 7 years old
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
OBJECTIVES OF EPI
• To reduce morbidity and mortality rates
among infants and children from six
childhood immunizable disease
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
ELEMENTS OF EPI
• Target Setting
• Cold chain Logistic Management - Vaccine distribution through
cold chain is designed to ensure that the vaccines were
maintained under proper environmental condition until the time
of administration.
• Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
• Assessment and evaluation of Over-all performance of the
program
• Surveillance and research studies
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES
Vaccine
Content
Form & Dosage
Number of
Doses
Route
BCG (Bacillus Calmette
Guerin)
Live attenuated bacteria
Freeze dried
Infant0.05mlPreschool0.1
ml
1
ID
DPT (Diphtheria
Pertussis Tetanus)
DT- weakened toxin
P-killed bacteria
liquid-0.5ml
3
IM
OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) Weakened virus
liquid-2drops
3
Oral
Hepatitis B
Plasma derivative
Liquid-0.5ml
3
IM
Measles
Weakened virus
Freeze dried0.5ml
1
Subcutaneous
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
SCHEDULE OF VACCINES
Vaccine
Age at 1st dose
Interval between
dose
Protection
BCG
At birth
BCG is given at the earliest possible age protects
against the possibility of TB infection from the other
family members
DPT
6 weeks
4 weeks
An early start with DPT reduces the chance of severe
pertussis
OPV
6 weeks
4 weeks
The extent of protection against polio is increased the
earlier OPV is given
Hepa B
At birth
At birth,6th week,14th
week
An early start of Hepatitis B reduces the chance of
being infected and becoming a carrier
Measles
9m0s.- 11m0s
At least 85% of measles can be prevented by
immunization at this age.
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
• 6 months – earliest dose of measles given in case of
outbreak
• 9months-11months- regular schedule of measles vaccine
• 15 months- latest dose of measles given
• 4-5 years old- catch up dose
• Fully Immunized Child (FIC)– less than 12 months old
child with complete immunizations of DPT, OPV, BCG,
Anti Hepatitis, Anti measles.
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
TETANUS TOXOID IMMUNIZATION
Schedule for Women
Vaccine
Minimum age interval
Percentage protected
Duration of Protection
TT1
As early as possible
0%
0
TT2
4 weeks later
80%
3 years
TT3
6 months later
95%
5 years
TT4
1year later/during next pregnancy
99%
10 years
TT5
1 year later/third pregnancy
99%
Lifetime
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
• There is no contraindication to immunization except when
the child is immunosuppressed or is very, very ill (but not
slight fever or cold). Or if the child experienced
convulsions after a DPT or measles vaccine, report such to
the doctor immediately.
• Malnutrition is not a contraindication for immunizing
children rather; it is an indication for immunization since
common childhood diseases are often severe to
malnourished children.
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
COLD CHAIN UNDER EPI
• Cold Chain is a system used to maintain potency of a vaccine from
that of manufacture to the time it is given to child or pregnant
woman.
• The allowable timeframes for the storage of vaccines at different
levels are:
– 6months- Regional Level
– 3months- Provincial Level/District Level
– 1month-main health centers-with ref.
– Not more than 5days- Health centers using transport boxes.
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
• Most sensitive to heat: Freezer (-15 to -25 degrees C)
– OPV
– Measles
• Sensitive to heat and freezing (body of ref. +2 to +8 degrees
Celsius)
–
–
–
–
BCG
DPT
Hepatitis B
TT
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
• Use those that will expire first, mark “X”/
exposure, 3rd- discard,
• Transport-use cold bags let it stand in room
temperature for a while before storing DPT.
• Half life packs: 4hours-BCG, DPT, Polio, 8
hours-measles, TT, Hepa B.
• FEFO (“first expiry and first out”) – vaccine is
practiced to assure that all vaccines are utilized
Evolve.
Adapt.
Overcome.
CEFI is now ready.
Thank you!