PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
PIPELINE RISK ASSESSMENT
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
2
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
Description
“HAZID is a structured, team based approach to identify
hazards, their potential consequences, and requirements
for risk reduction”
3
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
•
What is the purpose of HAZID?
-For the defined system, identify relevant hazards and their causes and potential consequences
-Document any existing safeguards (i.e. preventing the hazard and/or consequences from the hazard)
-Assess the risk (i.e. assess the probability/frequency and consequences) associated with the identified hazards
-Make recommendations and assign actions to eliminate, prevent, control or mitigate the identified hazards
4
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
•
Difference between risk and hazard?
•
Risk could be described as the exposure to a hazard
•
Hazard – any event/object that could cause harm
•
Hazard – a crocodile / Risk – exposed to a crocodile
•
More academic importance
5
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
•
Team-based workshop
-HAZID chairman
-HAZID scribe
-Participants
•
Different responsibilities within the HAZID team
•
Composition and size of the team depending on the
situation (e.g. complexity)
•
Preferable smaller group (i.e. less than 10)
6
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
•
Participants appropriate knowledge and experience (i.e.
experts for the different parts of the system)
•
Participants appropriate knowledge and experience (e.g.
operational personnel)
-Maintenance
-Safety
-Process
•
Stakeholders (e.g. contractor, consultant, client and
authorities)
7
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
•
Structured – use of guidewords (established before the
workshop)
•
Specific guidewords for the situation and system
(combination of guidelines, company specific and
experience)
•
Purpose of assisting in the identification or hazards
8
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Cause
Consequence
Existing safeguard
Internal corrosion
9
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Internal corrosion
Cause
Consequence
Existing safeguard
Impurities in the gas
(O2, H2S, CO2, or
chlorides)
Impurities in the gas
(H2O)
10
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Internal corrosion
Cause
Impurities in the gas
(O2, H2S, CO2, or
chlorides)
Impurities in the gas
(H2O)
Consequence
Existing safeguard
Primary – decreased wall
thickness
Secondary - weakening of
pipeline causing leakage of gas
11
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Internal corrosion
Cause
Impurities in the gas
(O2, H2S, CO2, or
chlorides)
Impurities in the gas
(H2O)
Consequence
Primary – decreased wall
thickness
Existing safeguard
Internal inspection (pigging) every 5th year
Secondary - weakening of
pipeline causing leakage of gas
12
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
•
Difficulties in determine what is actually the hazard, the cause and the consequence
-The hazard (i.e. leak of hydrocarbon from a pipeline system)
-The cause of an event (i.e. corrosion which causes a leakage from the pipeline)
-The resulting consequence of an event (i.e. fire after ignition of the leakage from the pipeline)
-The hazard (i.e. corrosion which causes a leakage from the pipeline)
-The cause of an event (i.e. damaged corrosion protection on the pipeline)
-The resulting consequence of an event (i.e. leak of hydrocarbon from a pipeline system)
•
Confusion (i.e. incorrect use – academic importance)
•
Consistency – use the same approach throughout the HAZID!
13
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Cause
Consequence
Existing safeguard
Delayed lunch
14
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Delayed lunch
Cause
Consequence
Existing safeguard
Presentation taking too
long time (speaker
being too slow or
having too much to
say)
15
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Delayed lunch
Cause
Presentation taking too
long time (speaker
being too slow or
having too much to
say)
Consequence
Existing safeguard
Primary – loss of focus
(possible falling asleep)
Secondary – increasing loss of
temper (possible outburst)
16
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Delayed lunch
Cause
Presentation taking too
long time (speaker
being too slow or
having too much to
say)
Consequence
Existing safeguard
Primary – loss of focus
(possible falling asleep)
Offer the participants some fresh fruit and a
new cup of coffee
Secondary – increasing loss of
temper (possible outburst)
Operating procedures (presentation kept
within assigned time)
17
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
•
What is the purpose of HAZID?
-For the defined system, identify relevant hazards and their causes and potential consequences
-Document any existing safeguards (i.e. preventing the hazard and/or consequences from the hazard)
-Assess the risk (i.e. assess the probability/frequency and consequences) associated with the identified hazards
-Make recommendations and assign actions to eliminate, prevent, control or mitigate the identified hazards
18
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
•
Sometimes a HAZID only include the risk identification (i.e. where hazards and their causes and consequences are
identified)
•
Most of them time a HAZID also include a qualitative risk assessment (i.e. where the probability/frequency and
consequences for the identified hazards are assessed)
•
Assessment carried out with the support from a risk matrix
19
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
20
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
21
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
22
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
•
A number of actions to eliminate, prevent, control or mitigate the hazards are assigned at the workshop
-Additional information
-Inspections
-Detailed studies
-Detailed calculations
-Changes in the design
•
Based on the close-out of these actions (and possible implementation) an updated risk assessment (residual risk)
•
Carried out weeks or months after the workshop
23
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
24
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
25
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
•
The hazards are recorded in the HAZID sheet
•
The actions are recorded in action sheets
•
The workshop is presented in the HAZID report
-Presentation of the HAZID sheet (i.e. the information established at the workshop)
-Presentation of the action sheets
-Information on the workshop (e.g. participants, guidewords and methodology)
•
Updated based on the close-out of actions and updated risk assessment (residual risk)
26
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
Advantages of HAZID
•
Flexibility (e.g. concept – high-level hazards / detailed
design – detailed hazards)
•
Flexibility (e.g. could be used to analyse one concept or
compare two different concepts)
•
Thorough (i.e. systematic approach)
•
Well documented (e.g. easy to keep track on
information)
27
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
Disadvantages of HAZID
•
Information (i.e. strongly depending on the information
available)
•
HAZID team (i.e. depending on the expertise and
experience within the team)
•
Close-out of actions (i.e. depending on the commitment
from management)
•
Effectiveness (i.e. only effective if the hazards identified
are resolved and appropriate actions implemented)
28
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
•
Round-around the table (i.e. speak up your strongest
concerns regarding possible hazards) before going into
the guidewords
•
Gathering experts for the different parts of the system
often leads to discussion of things which might not
actually be a hazard (more cross-disciplinary problems)
– keep focus on the hazards!
•
Spend some time defining the actual system (e.g.
boundaries and project phase)
29
QUESTIONS?
30