Test 10 – How did lives of Americans change 1877-1900? – Making of America
1
How did military defeats change
the lives of Native Americans?
2
How did the destruction of the
Buffalo change the lives of Native
Americans?
3
How did fences and factories
change the lives of Native
Americans?
4
How did the US policies divide
the tribes?
5
How was the Native American
culture destroyed?
6
Who were the friends of the
Indians and what did they do?
7
What was The Dawes Act of
1887?
8
who were the ghost dancers
and what did they do?
9
What happened at wounded
Knee?
10
Ida wells? And what does she
do?
11
What was life for Black
Americans in the South, 1877
to 1900.
12
Who were the Exodusters?
13
What challenges did black
Americans face in the north
1877 to 1900?
14
What were Jim Crow laws?
15
What were living conditions
like for African Americans
between 1877 and 1900?
16
Who were the Redeemers?
17
Who are the Ku Klux Klan and
what did they do?
18
How did the cotton and
tobacco factories develop 1870
to 1900?
19
How did fossil fuel in Mineral
extraction develop 1870 to
1900?
20
How did farms and cattle
ranches developed 1870 to
1900?
21
What impact did the growth of
big cities have on the American
people?
22
What impact did migrants have
on America?
Test 10 – How did lives of Americans change 1877-1900? – Making of America
1
How did military defeats change
the lives of Native Americans?
2
How did the destruction of the
Buffalo change the lives of Native
Americans?
3
How did fences and factories
change the lives of Native
Americans?
4
How did US policies divide the
tribes?
5
How was the Native American
culture destroyed?
6
Who were the friends of the
Indians and what did they do?
7
What was The Dawes Act of
1887?
8
Who were the ghost dancers and
what did they do?
9
What happened at wounded
Knee?
10
Ida wells? And what does she do?
11
What was life for Black Americans
in the South, 1877 to 1900.
12
Who were the Exodusters?
The Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876, gave only short-term successes by 1881
Sitting Bull had surrendered. Indians were forced to live on the Standing Rock
Reservation in South Dakota. With defeats the Indians could not go back to their
old way of life.
As the railroads spread West, they opened the plains. Hunters used the railroad
to reach the millions of Buffalo who lived there. They made their money by selling
Buffalo hides meat and bones. The skull and bones were grounded up to use as
fertiliser. Buffalo were slaughtered in their thousands. By 1883, the vast herds of
the 1840s. We're all but gone.
White cattle ranchers fenced off large areas of the Southwest. Without grass the
herds that roamed the land disappeared. Homesteaders fenced off water supplies.
Factories grew and paid people to pick berries and other wild foods; soon the
nomadic Indian tribes could no longer find the food they needed to survive on the
plains.
The US government deliberately split up tribes. They did this to weaken them. The
Sioux would divide over at least five major reservations. Other tribes were moved
thousands of miles to other areas. Tribes were made to share the same
reservations which led to lose their identity. When they were on the reservations
they were forced to farm. But the land was poor a as a result the Indians were
depended heavily on government rations.
Indian nations had to give up their old ways of ruling themselves. Plains Indians
were encouraged to live in houses and lodges instead of tepees. Most Native
Indians were made to become Christians. Some children were sent away to
boarding schools run by white Americans. Indian children had to change their
names.
They were formed in 1883 and were a group of white Americans who aimed to
“help” the Indians. rooted out corrupt agents. It set up better boarding schools. It
persuaded the government to pass The Dawes Act of 1887.
This offered individual Indians 160 acres of land and full US citizenship. In return,
the Indians had to give up their rights to hold tribal land. 2/3 of the land the Indian
tribes had held in 1877 was owned by White Americans. The Indians would never
regain their old land.
Ghost dances believe that they dance and prayed for long enough a saviour. It
would come to them he would return the Buffalo in sweep wipes from the land
like a great flood.
On the 29th December, general Miles. Found the ghost dancers at place called
Wounded Knee. They were largely defenceless children playing as the cavalry
moved into disarmed the Indians. A shot was fired. In response Miles, ordered his
troops to open fire cannons. The smoke cleared the children that had been played
just minutes before now lay dead. Their bodies were loaded into a mass grave
along with over 250 men, women, and children.
She was a slave in1862 and from 1865 she was free. She became a teacher. When
she was travelling in first class on a train, the train staff ordered her to move to a
carriage for black Americans. She protested. From that day on, Ida spent the rest
of her life telling the wider public about the unfairness of life for black Americans.
Ida became a journalist and she travelled all over America. She spoke about the
poor quality of education received by black children, the growing problem of
lynching.
After the Civil War, the cotton trade was very slow to recover, pay to cotton
workers stayed very low. African Americans were free, but they were often
trapped in low paid work. Most were still poor sharecroppers. They worked on
plantations owned by former slave holders.
These were ex slaves who moved to Kansas and took up the government promise
of the Homestead Act.
13
What challenges did black
Americans face in the north 1877
to 1900?
14
What were Jim Crow laws?
15
What were living conditions like
for African Americans between
1877 and 1900?
16
Who were the Redeemers?
17
Who are the Ku Klux Klan and
what did they do?
18
How did the cotton and tobacco
factories develop 1870 to 1900?
19
How did fossil fuel in Mineral
extraction develop 1870 to 1900?
20
How did farms and cattle ranches
developed 1870 to 1900?
21
What impact did the growth of
big cities have on the American
people?
22
What impact did migrants have on
America?
Black workers often saw jobs go to less skilled white labourers. Whites were
upset when blacks took jobs or houses, they wanted. Black Americans were used
when white workers went on strike. This all added to the bad feeling between
blacks and whites.
In the 1890s, many southern states passed laws to keep black and white people
apart. They became known as Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow was a foolish black
character played by a white song and dance actor of the 1830s. The law,
segregated black and white people and places like trains, shops, churches, parks
and even schools.
In the South, the amount of land owned by African Americans tripled between
1877 and 1900. However, the houses of this land would usually be very poor. In
the North Black Migrants also grouped together in poor districts. The quality of
housing of these areas were often terrible. Racist landlords would not let black
people move in to better homes.
Most governments in the South at this time were ran by ex-slave holders. They
called themselves Redeemers. They tried to save the South by limiting the rights of
African Americans. In the 1890s new state laws, said that people could only vote if
they first passed a literacy test.
The Ku Klux Klan was a violent white group. It used terror to oppress black
people of the South. By early 1870s, the US government has stopped the most
KKK activity. In the 1890s, the KKK secretly reformed African Americans in the
South lived in fear of its terrifying friends and brutal violence.
By 1904 the American Tobacco country controlled 90% of cigarette production.
The rise of cotton factories did not help or cotton pickers. Their wages were so
low they could barely survive for white servers, new jobs were created in the
continent. Back in factories. Most of these were low skilled and poorly paid.
Due to the railways growing they need vast amounts of coal and iron. Small mining
could not cope So she bigger operations, stepped in. In the South coal production
increased 10 times between 1875 and 1890. This led to environmental damage.
The forests were cut down to create support from mine shafts. Chemicals
polluted water supply binding with dangerous. Mary, by this died of lung disease.
Huge bonanza farms appeared on the plains. Their average size was 10,000 acres.
Both were owned by rich groups at Eastern Cities. They pay their farm workers
very low wages. Bonanza the farms often have the best land water supplies in
railroad links. It became dirty, impossible for small scale farmers to survive. People
moved to the cities and be or became wage workers on bonanza farms. It had a
terrible impact to the environment that used up limited supplies of water. This
forced even more Indians off the land and onto resevations.
Most workers lived in poorly designed and overcrowded apartments in the East it
was not common for 32 families to share a 6 to 8 tenement buildings. There was
little privacy, sanitation was often poor, death rates of children in cities were far
higher than for a population as a whole.
Urban life had its attractions as well, between 1877 and 1900, cities offered
freedom and entertainment to working people across America. Theatre sprang up
in nearly every district. Wild West shows entertained the whooping crowds and
public parks were enjoyed, by all social classes, people could choose between
dozens of newspapers, attend political rallies, and talk politics in the busiest of
saloons. Public education also expanded with nearly 70% of children going to
school by 1900. Women to had greater freedoms in the cities and in the West
and became a driving force behind the campaign to get the women the vote.
It some cities there was anti-immigrant violence. Desperate migrants would work
for low wages. White workers were pushed out with jobs in favour of migrants.
Migrants sometimes faced prejudice, particularly Catholics and Jews. In the West
there was an anti-Chinese riots and murders in the 1870s. Chinese made up to
10% of the population of San Francisco in 1882 the US government passed an act
that limited the number of Chinese that could enter America.