350
l...v
REFERENCEEXAMPLES
• This format can be used or adapted for references to other platform or profile
pages , including YouTube, Insta gra m , Tumblr , Linkedln , and so forth.
107. lnstagram photo or video
Zeitz MOCAA [@zeitzmocaa]. (2018, November 26). Grade 6 learners from Parkfields
PrimarySchool in HanoverParkvisited the museum for a tour and workshop hosted
by [Photographs]. lnstagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/BqpHpjFBs3b/
Parentheticalcitation:(Zeitz MOCAA, 2018)
Narrative citation:Zeitz MOCAA (2018)
108. lnstagram highlight
The New York Public Library [@nypl]. (n.d.). The raven [Highlight]. lnstagram. Retrieved
April 16, 2019, from https: //bitly.co m/2FV8bu3
Parentheticalcitation: (The New York Public Library, n.d .)
Narrativecitation: The New York Public Library (n.d .)
•
•
•
Use "n.d." for th e date; although each story within a highlight is dated, the highlight itself is not dat ed a nd may include stories from multipl e dates.
Be cause a highlight can change at any time, include the retrieval date .
Because the URL was long and complex, it has been shortened (see Section
9.36). Either the lon g or the short form of the URL is acceptable .
109. Online forum post
National Aeronautics and Space Administration [nasa]. (2018, September 12). I'm NASA
astronaut Scott Tingle. Ask me anything about adjusting to being back on Earth
after my first spaceflight! [Online forum post] . Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/
IAmA/comments/9fagqy/im _nasa _astronaut_scott _tingle _ask_me _anything/
Parentheticalcitation: (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2018)
Narrative citation: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2018)
•
For more on formatting usernames, see Section 9.8.
10.16 Webpages and Websites
Use the webpages and websites category if there is no other reference category
that fits and the work has no parent or overarching publication (e.g., journal,
blog, conference proceedings) other than the website itself (see Section 9.2).
If you cite multipl e webpages from a website, create a referen ce for each. To
mention a website in general, do not create a reference list entry or an in-text
citation. Instead, include the name of the website in the text and provide the
URL in par entheses (see Section 8.22 for an example).
For help in determining the author of a webpage or website reference,
including how the author can be inferred from context or found on an "about
us" or acknowledgments page, see Example 113as well as Section 9.7. Provide
the most specific date possible (see Section 9.15 for inform ation on how to
handle updated dates or reviewed date s}-for example, a year, month, and
day; year and month; or year only. When the author name and the site name
are the same, omit the site name from the source element . Include a retrieval
date only when the content is designed to chan ge over tim e and the page is not
arc hived (see Section 9.16).
Onl ine Med ia
Use the temp late shown next to construct referenc es for webpages or websites .
-
Source
Author
Date
Auth or, A. A. , &
Author , 8. 8.
(2020).
(2020, August).
Name of
Group .
Title
Title of
work.
Website name
I
Site Name.
.
---~-~
URL
https://xxxxxx
Retrieved December
22, 2020, from
https ://xxxxx
(2020 September 28).
1
I
-
_L
--
-
11 0. Webpage on a news website
Avramova, N. (2019, January 3). The secret to a long , happy, healthy life? Think agepositive. CNN . https:/ /www.cnn.com/ 2019/ 01/03/health / respect-toward -elderlyleads-to-long-life-intl/index.html
Bologna , C. (2018, June 27). What happens to your m ind and body when you fee l
homesick? Huff Post. https :// www.huffingtonpost.com / entry/what-happens-mind body-homesick _us_5b201 ebde4b09d7 a3d77 eee 1
Parenthetical citations : (Avramova, 2019 ; Bologna, 2018)
Narrative citations: Avramova (2019) and Bologna (2018)
•
Use this format for articles pub lished in on line news sou rces (e.g., BBC News,
Bloomberg, CNN , Hu~ost , MSNBC, Reuters, Salon, Vox). To cite art icles from
online maga zines or newspapers, see Examples 15 and 16.
111 . Webpage on a website with a group author
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of
developing flu-related comp lications. https:/ / www.cdc.gov / flu/ about/disease / high_
risk.htm
World Health Organizat ion. (2018, March). Questions and answers on immunizat ion
and vaccine safety . https :// www .who.int/features / qa/ 84/e n/
Parenthetic al citat ions : (Centers for Disease Control and Preventi on, 2018; World
Health Organ ization, 2018)
Narrative cita tions : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018) and World
Health Organization (2018)
• Wh en th e auth or and site name are the same, om it the site nam e from th e
source element.
112 . Webpage on a website with an individual author
Martin Lillie, C. M . (2016, Decemb er 29). Be kind to yours elf: How self-compass ion can
improve your resiliency. Mayo Clinic. https :// www.mayoclinic.org / healthy-lifestyle/
adu lt-hea Ith/in-depth /se lf-com passion-can-impr ove-your-resiliency/ art-2026 7193
Parenthetical citation : (Martin Lillie, 2016)
Narrative citation : Martin Lillie (2016)
(~
351
352
~
REFERENCEEXAMPLES
113. Webpage on a website with no date
Boddy, J., Neumann , T., Jennings, S., Morrow, V., Alderson, P., Rees, R., & Gibson,
W. (n.d.). Ethics principles. The Research Ethics Guidebook: A Resource for Social
Scientists. http :// www .ethicsguidebook.ac.uk/EthicsPrinciples
National Nurses United. (n.d.). What employers should do to protect nurses from Zika.
https:/ / www. nation alnu rsesunited. org/pages/what-employers-should-do-to-protectrns-from-zika
Parenthetical citations : (Boddy et al., n.d .; National Nurses United, n.d.)
Narrative citations : Boddy et al. (n.d .) and National Nurses United (n.d.)
• In th e Boddy et al. example, the authors are listed on the acknowledgments
page of the site (see Section 9.7 for more on determining the author) .
• When th e author and site name are the same, omit the site name from the
source element.
114. Webpage on a website with a retrieval date
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of
Commerce . Retrieved July 3, 2019, from https://www.census.gov/popclock/
Parenthetical citation : (U.S. Census Bureau, n.d .)
Narrative citation: U.S. Census Bureau (n.d .)
• When the author and site name are the same, omit the site name from the
source element.
• Include a retrieval date because the contents of the page are designed to change
over time and the page itself is not archived (see Section 9.16).