>Glossary wherethe subjectof a sentenceis the person or thing performingthe action a word that adds detail or informationto a verb adrerb ad, erbial phrase a word or phrase that adds detail or informationto a verb use of the same sound, especiallyconsonants,at the beginning alliteration of severalclose-togetherwords antagonist a character who createsproblemsin a story; a 'bad' character who stands in the wayof the hero anthology a collectionof poemsor piecesof writing argument an opinion that is made up of a seriesof points audio drama a play that is heard, rather than seen,by the audience aural image an imagethat appealsto the senseof hearing autobiography a text in whichthe writergivesan accountof their own life and experiences backstory the fictionalhistoryor backgroundcreatedfor a character in a story or film bias prejudicedfor or againsta particularperson,group or idea biography an account of someone'slife blog a webpage wheresomeonewritesand posts regulararticles, like an onlinejournal blurb the informationon the back coverof a book that tells the reader about the story caesura a break withina lineo( poetrywhereeitherpunctuation or the rhythmof the poemindicatesa pause characterisation how a writerconveysa character'snature and personality chronological order the order in whicheventsoccurredin time clause a group of wordsthat containsa verb the most excitingor importantpart of something climax an imagefocusingcloselyon a smallpart of a scene close-upshot comparative adjective an adjectivethat (usuallyimplicitly)comparestwo nouns (for example,'the tall boy' and 'the taller boy') a sentencewith one main clauseand one or more complexsentence dependentclauses a sentencewith two main clausesjoined by 'and', 'but', 'or' compound sentence compound-complex a sentencecontaininga compoundsentencethat also has one or more subordinateclauses sentence a word or phrase that linkstwo clausesor sep.tencestogether connective the situationwithinwhichsomethingexistsor happens context two or three wordsthat are combinedto make one shorter contraction word with lettersleft out; the missinglettersare indicatedby an apostrophe activemice C ed C C 197 87 215 19 158 63 28 15 26 233 89 97 57 99 61 24 11 165 35 118 143 165 31 30 31 30 15 30 er placingtwo charactersor thingstogetherin order to highlight their differences conventions the 'rules' of how a story is told or a pieceof writingis set out coordinating conjunction a word such as 'and', 'but', 'or' that joins two wordsor two main clausesin a sentence counter-argument an argumentthat presentsan opposingviewpoint conversationbetweentwo characters,written as directspeech dialogue speakingdirectlyto any audienceusingpronouns suchas 'you' direct address the exactwordsa person says,markedby speechmarks direct speech a wordused to separatespeechinto sections,such as discourse marker 'right' or 'so' a set of three dots (... ) usedto indicatethat wordshave ellipsis been left out missingout lettersfrom words elision languagedesignedto appealto a reader'semotions emotivelanguage ideasand detailsthat a writer statesdirectly explicitinformation wherea line of poetryhas a full stop at the end end-stopped whereone line of poetry continueson to the line below enjambment a sectionat the end of a story that acts as a conclusionto what epilogue has happened • eponymouscharacter the characterwhosename is in the title of the story the first imagein a sequence,whichshowsthe viewerwhere establishingshot the sceneis takingplace the originsof a word etymology makingsomethingseemworseor better than it reallyis exaggeration ideas and detailsthat a writerstatesdirectly explicitinformation a figurativelanguagecomparisonthat is developedthroughout extendedmetaphor a pieceof writing an imageshowingthe outsideof a building exteriorshot a short story designedto teach a moral lesson fable somethingthat is knownto havehappenedor exist fact imaginativestories,often set in strangeplaceswith fantasy unusualcharacters storiesabout imaginarycharactersand events fiction wordsand phrasesused not with their basicmeaning figurativelanguage but with a more imaginativemeaningto createa special effect;figurativelanguagetechniquesincludesimile, metaphor and personification a recognisabletype of character in a story,such as a hero, figure villain,victim a non-word,such as 'er' or 'um', or a phrase suchas filler 'you know', used to fill pauses in speech smoothlyand easily fluently the form of Englishused in more 'serious'texts and formallanguage situations,such as news reports or officialspeeches contrast Scanned with Ca 42 61 124 124 15 100 44 129 31 130 100 51 24 24 245 158 143 34 139 51 170 144 156 54 82 10 19 12 129 58 30 Scainner ~---...,.,, ~ stur, git glo sary humour hyperbole imperative implicit information improvise informal language interiorshot linking adverb literal metaphor mime minor sentence modal verb monologue mood morphology narrative narrator non-fiction non-standardEnglish noun phrase opinion oxymoron pace passivevoice a particular type of text - for example, advenu11~,\,;Vm~uy, crime science fiction movements of the hands or arms to add emphasis or bring a story to life the main point of a text an alphabetical list of words or phrases from a text, with their meanings when things are funny, or things that are comical exaggerated statements a word or phrase styled as an order or command ideas and details that readers have to work out for themselves from the text to create spontaneously a more relaxed form of English, used when speaking or in more casual written texts, such as emails to friends an image showing the inside of a building an adverb that shows a sequence in time or contrast (for example, 'afterwards') describing something in a straightforward way, using the original, direct meaning of words a type of comparison that describes one thing as if it is something else to act something out without words or sounds, using only body language, movement and gesture a sentence that does not contain a main verb one of nine verbs used to show possibility - 'can', 'may', 'must' 'shall' 'will' 'could' 'might' 'should' 'would' ' ' ' ' ' ' a story or speech given by one character the feeling created by the words, sounds and images in a text the study of how words are formed and their relationship with other words a series of connected events that are written or spoken the person telling the story writing that is about real events and facts words and grammatical patterns that fall outside the conventional forms of English a phrase that contains a noun and describes the qualities of an object a personal view or judgement about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge a figure of speech that combines two contradictory ideas the speed at which someone speaks or how quickly events take place in a story where the verb comes before the person or thing, so the verb acts upon the subject Sc n ed wit Ca I 61 15 28 35 103 66 100 51 234 30 144 211 40 40 214 31 124 75 47 34 118 12 19 67 215 21 66 47 197 Sc nner personification perspective phoneticspelling plot prediction prefix preposition prepositional phrase pronoun prose reportingverb rhetoricalquestions rhyme rhythm rootword scan script secondarycharacter sequence setting simile simplesentence skim stagedirections standardEnglish stanza stereotype a type ot ttguratlvelanguagein whichan object is described as if it has human characteristics the 'angle' that a story or account is told from - whose'eyes' the reader seesit through spellingwordsas they sound the main eventsof a story, film, novelor play in sequence from beginningto end an idea about whatmight happen in the future letters added to the beginningof a word to make a newword with a differentmeaning a word or group of wordsused beforea noun or pronoun to showplace,direction,time,etc. (for example,'above', 'below' 'under' 'in') ' ' a group of wordsconsistingof a prepositionfollowedby a noun (or sometimesan adverb or another preposition) a word that stands in for a noun to avoidrepetition; pronouns can be subjectpersonalpronouns (e.g.'I', 'you'), object personalpronouns (e.g.'him', 'them') or possessive pronouns (e.g.'mine', 'ours') the form of languagefound in novelsand non-fictiontexts such as articles,written in paragraphsrather than verse a verb that conveysthe action of speaking- used with both direct and reported speech questionsdesignedto make a point rather than expecting an answer words wherethe end part sounds the same (for example,'feet' rhymeswith 'meat') a regular,repeatingpattern of sound or 'beat', commonin musicand poetry the basic form of a word that other wordswith related meaningsare based on to look through a text quicklyto find particulardetails the words and actions from a play writtendown for the actors to use a supporting character in a story; not the main character the order of eventsin a story the location wherea story takesplace a type of figurativelanguagein whichone thing is compared to somethingelseusing the words'as' or 'like' a sentencewith one main clause read a text quicklyto get the overallidea words in a script that explainwhat is happeningon stageor tell the actors how to moveand speak the most widelyacceptedform of Englishthat is not specific to a particular region a group of lines of poetry,forminga unit a familiar but simplifiedcharactertype 19 121 130 43 42 34 215 215 39 13 48 100 164 164 34 56 13 160 35 39 19 30 28 15 27 208 ~7 Scanned with CamScainner storyboard structuralfeature ubordinatcclause ubordinating conjunction suffix summarise syllable symbol synonym tactileimage theme thirdperson time adverb time connective tone topicsentence triple unscripted visualimage voice voiceover (in mms and television)a seriesof drawingsor images showingthe planned order of eventsin a story the way that a text is orderedand organised in grammar, a clausethat cannot form a sentencealone but adds information to the main clause a word such as 'although' or 'while'that joins a main clause to a subordinateclausein a sentence letters added to the end of a word to make a new word with a differentmeaning to explainthe main points of a text in a few words a word or part of a word that has one vowelsound a literal object that stands for or representssomethingelse a word or phrase with the same or similarmeaning to another word or phrase an imagethat appealsto the senseof touch the main subjectof a talk, book, film, poem, etc. written from an observer'spoint of viewusing pronouns such as 'he', 'she' and 'they' an adverb that showswhensomethinghappens (for example,'yesterday') a word or phrase used to showhow eventsin a story are sequencedand linkedby time - for example,'then', 'next', 'before', 'after' the way that someonespeaksor how a piece of writing sounds, which helps suggestmood and feelings a sentencethat expressesthe main idea of the paragraph in which it appears three words used togetherin a list for persuasiv~effect without havingthe wordswritten down an image that appealsto the senseof sight the way a particular character or narrator speaks or thinks in fiction, or the writer'stone and point of view in non-fiction words spoken by a narrator to a viewerover the top of a film C ed C C l45 11 31 124 34 10 113 24 113 26 11 235 211 159 10 222 100 234 26 25 235 er
