DIGITAL LITERACY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS:
A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT
A Research
Presented to the Faculty of Accountancy, Business and Managements
of Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School Stand-Alone
Senior High School
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
in Practical Research 2
Felipe A. Bernal
Baby Pearl M. Bonghanoy
Dimple H. Cheong
Azucena F. Lledo
Crissamae D. Rodriguez
Sheen Adriann R. Santos
Hazel S. Villamor
November 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Title Page ………………………………………………………………………..…...i
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………….ii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study……………………………………………………….1
Review of Related Literature…………………………………………………..3
Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………………6
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………7
Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………….7
Significance of the Study……………………………………………………….7
Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………………8
Operational Definition of Terms………………………………………………..9
CHAPTER II. METHODOLOGY
Research Design……………………………………………………………….10
Locale of the Study…………………………………………………………….10
Population and Sampling Design…………………………………………….10
Data Gathering Tool……………………………………………………………11
Reliability and Validity………………………………………………………….11
Ethical Consideration…………………………………………………………..12
Statistical Tool…………………………………………………………………..12
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
A frequent senior high school student has the ability to use digital
technologies to access, manage, evaluate, and create information. It is essential
skills for students. As the technology is increasingly integrated into all aspects of
education and life.
According to Eshet-Alkalai (2004), as the educators competes with social
media and interactive apps, they will need to know how to effectively engage
students in academic with the integration of technology. Digital literacy involves
more than the mere ability to use software or operate a digital device; it includes a
large variety of complete cognitive, sociological, and emotional skills which users
need in order to function effectively in digital environments.
Digital literacy refers to the ability to use and navigate digital technologies
effectively and responsibility. It involves having a basic understanding of
computers, software, create, and communicate information in various digital
formats. It is an essential skill in today’s digital age, enabling individuals to
participate fully in the digital world and adapt to the ever-evolving technological
landscape
This research aims to determine the Digital Literacy of the senior high
school students under the strand of Accountancy, Business, and Management
(ABM). It deals with the extent of digital literacy of the senior high school students,
and the possible ways to improve the skills and knowledge of the ABM students in
Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School Stand-Alone Senior High School. This
will help improve the skills of the senior high school students when it comes to
digital literacy.
Review of Related Literature
The following journal articles and resources, both foreign and local, that
serves as a foundation to support the claim of the present study. The researchers
accumulated the resources from journals in the internet. The summarized articles
and studies below that are subjected to the enhancement of the present research
are as follows;
Foreign Studies
Tang & Chaw (2016) Blended learning has propelled into mainstream
education in recent years with the help of digital technology. Commonly available
digital devices and the internet have made access to learning resources such as
learning management systems, online libraries, digital media, etc. convenient and
flexible for both lectures and students. Beyond the physical classroom walls,
learning can still continue at another place and time. However, although today’s
student generally faces no difficulties in using technology for everyday social and
entertainment activities, it would be constructive to understand if the students can
make effective use of technology for learning as well.
Kaeophaneuk, et al. (2018) This research aims to study Thai University
library and information science instructors’ and students’ opinions on teaching and
learning environment for the development of digital literacy skills.
Purnamasari, et al. (2021) Digital literacy has not been maximally achieved
and the ability to collaborate in students is influenced by the lack of efforts of
students to use the internet as a learning resource and the lack of student-centered
learning.
Peng & Yu (2022) Digital Literacy could affect students’ self-control,
technostress, and engagement in learning. Students high level of digital literacy
could significantly enhance their self-control and engagement in learning and
reduce their technostress in class.
Budiman & Syafrony (2023) Digital literacy is in an essential skill for
everyone to adopt and adapt in the digital world. As education is moving towards
e-learning, digital literacy becomes an important skill and competency that all
students must have.
Local Studies
Laluces (2016) The study found market improvements in the students’
information seeking behavior that were directly attributable to the prescribed
information tool, specifically in the areas of concept identification and search
strategy implementation. Based on the results of the experiment, the study was
able to conclude that school libraries should be staging interactions towards
promoting information literacy through digital literacy instruction.
Jamias, et al. (2017) The study determined how woman in Luna, Apayao
who attended the digital literacy training at the Community e-Center from 2011 to
2013 applied what they learned to themselves, their families, and their
communities. Majority gained knowledge on ICT operations such as how to use
MS Office. The women gained self-confidence as this was their first exposure to
ICT. T
Letigo & Balijon (2022) The critical thinking and evaluating skills that are so
important for employment in the digital age, which is frequently distinct from the
institutional setting, were reinforced by instruction in digital and information literacy.
A digital literacy assessment of the alumni’s skills was carried out to determine how
equipped they are to operate in hotel and tourism industries. A digital literacy skills
list was used to assess the level of confidence based on its identified range.
Delima, et al. (2023) Digital literacy is a vital skill that students need to
develop as they move toward to higher level of their education.
Atoy, et al. (2020) Results revealed that digital literacy had a direct positive
relationship with the online information searching strategies of students.
Surprisingly, mindfulness did not moderate the relationship between digital literacy
and online information searching strategies. Further, digital literacy was found to
university students’ information searching strategies.
Conceptual Framework
This study is guided by the conceptual framework as shown in the figure
below.
Senior High School
Digital Literacy
Students
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Demographic Profile
• Age
• Gender
•
Grade Level
Moderating Variable
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
The figure above shows the relationship between the independent variable
and the dependent variable. The independent variable is the senior high school
students, while the dependent variable is the digital literacy of the respondents.
Also, the moderating variable is the demographic profile of the respondents.
Statement of the Problem
The main purpose of the study is to determine the digital literacy of the
senior high school students. Specifically, it will seek to answer the following
questions:
1. What is the extent of the students’ digital literacy in terms of access and
evaluation of information?
2. Is there a significant difference in the extent of digital literacy when grouped
according to their profile?
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference on the extent of digital literacy when
grouped according to their profile.
Significance of the Study
This study is beneficial to the students, as well as the teachers, parents,
and future researchers.
Students
This study will help the students to attain better understanding about the
digital literacy and how to evaluate the information they found online.
Teachers
This study will benefit the teachers to embrace digital literacy to keep up
with the changing educational landscape and provide meaningful learning
experience for their students.
Parents
The study will help the parents become informed and supportive partners in
their child’s educational journey. Moreover, parents can effectively communicate
with teachers, improve parent-child communication, navigate online challenges,
and troubleshoot technological issues.
Future researchers
This study will help the future researchers learn to be safe online and
engage with other safety, safe guarding their personal information and keeping
themselves and other safe from threats, crime and specially for working
professionals is another advantage digital literacy.
Scope and Delimitation
This study will focus on the extent of the students’ digital literacy in terms of
access and evaluation of information and significant difference of digital literacy
according to their profile. The Grade 11 and 12 students under the strand of
Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) are the respondents of the study,
who are officially enrolled in the first semester of school year 2023-2024. This study
will be conducted at Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School Stand-Alone Senior
High School located at Governor Ramos Avenue, Sta. Maria, Zamboanga City.
This will happen on the first semester of the school year 2023-2024. The gathering
of data will be done through a survey using the survey questionnaire approved by
the research teacher.
Operational Definition of Terms
In order to establish an effective communication between the researcher
and the reader, the following terms are defined operationally:
Digital Literacy
The term refers to an individual’s ability to find, evaluate, and compose clear
information from a digital source.
Digital Devices
The term refers to an electronic device which uses discrete, numerable data
and process for all its operations, such as cellphone and computer.
Digital Skills
The term refers to the abilities that relates to technology. These are the skills
of the respondents in terms of encoding, creating, and evaluating skills.
Social Media
The term refers to an interactive technology that facilitate the creation and
sharing of contents, ideas, interests, and other forms of expressions. This includes
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.
Accountancy, Business, and Management
The term refers to the strand that is taken by the respondents.
CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study will use the Descriptive design since it is the appropriate method
to determine the Digital Literacy of Senior High School Students. Descriptive
research is a type of non-experimental research method in which the researcher
measures variables, understands and assess the statistical relationship between
them with no influence from any extraneous variable. This qualitative method is
also known as statistical research. It describes data and characteristics about the
population of phenomenon being studied. This research method is used for
frequencies of the best approach prior to writing research is conducting a survey
investigation.
Locale of the study
The study will be conducted at Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
Stand-Alone Senior High School, located at Governor Ramos Avenue, Sta. Maria,
Zamboanga City.
Population and Sampling Design
This study will use a simple random sampling design. A simple random
sampling is a type of probability sampling in which the researchers will randomly
select a subset of population has an equal chance of being selected. There are
162 Accountancy, Business, and Management students in Don Pablo Lorenzo
Memorial High School Stand-Alone Senior High School. The researchers were
able to come up with 62 students, slovin’s formula was used to calculate the (n)
given the population size (N) and margin of error, its computed as n=N/1+Ne²
Data Gathering Tool
The researchers will adapt a survey questionnaire and will make some
modifications. The survey questionnaire is adapted from the study of Bayrakei and
Narmanliog (2020). The survey questionnaire consists of two components. The
first part consists of the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of Age,
Gender, and Grade Level. The second part consist of the questions that will answer
the statement of the problem. The respondents will indicate their response by
checking each item under the column of the 4-point Likert scale. The following are
the description for each point of the scale: (4) Strongly Agree, (3) Agree, (2)
Disagree, (1) Strongly Disagree.
Reliability and Validity
A descriptive design to determine the extent of the Digital Literacy of Senior
High School Students. The content validity will be assessed by the panel members
examining the extent of Digital Literacy of the Senior High School students. The
research instrument is adapted with some modification and will be verified by the
panelist. Hence, reliability and validity are assured.
Ethical Considerations
The researchers will distribute informed consent to the respondents. Before
distributing the survey questionnaire, the respondents need to be made aware of
the purpose of the research. The purpose of informed consent is that the
respondents will be able to make an informed decision as to whether they will
participate in the evaluation or not. The identity of the respondents remain
unknown to the research team. The researchers make sure that it will not cause
them harm.
Statistical Tool
The following statistical tools will be utilized to analyze the data gathered:
1. Weighted mean will be utilized to answer specific problem 1.
2. To test for the significant difference on the extent of digital literacy when
grouped according to their Gender and Grade Level, T-Test will be utilized.
To test for the significant difference on the extent of digital literacy when
grouped according to their Age, one-way analysis of variance will be utilized.
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Directions: Please fill in the following information and put a check (√) in the
appropriate boxes.
Age:
.
.
Sex:
Male
Grade Level:
Grade 11
Female
0Grade 12
PART II. DIGITAL LITERACY OF ABM STUDENTS
Directions: Please read each item carefully and put a check mark (√) to your
response. Be guided with the following indications:
4
-
Strongly Agree
3
-
Agree
2
-
Disagree
1
-
Strongly Disagree
DIGITAL LITERACY
1. I am aware that my personal or legal rights (privacy,
copyright, freedom of speech, etc.) continue in
digital media as well as in daily life.
2. I know how to behave to protect others and own
personal data (photo, address, family information,
etc.) online.
3. I can inquire from different sources whether the
information I accessed online is correct or not.
5
4
3
2
1
4. I am aware of the ethical and legal responsibilities
such as cyberbullying (insult, swearing, hate
speech, etc.) and online abusing.
5. I can recognize digital games and content that are
suitable for cognitive and moral development.
6. I can recognize digital games and content that are
suitable for cognitive and moral development.
7. I am aware of the ethical and legal responsibilities
that may arise from copyright violations in digital
environments.
8. I know the concepts such as licensed software,
demo software, pirated software, malware, crack
etc.
9. I know what hardware and software technologies
mean.
10. I can install / format the operating system on my
computer.
11. I can install software or programs on my computer
or other electronic devices.
12. I know what Torrent, Internet, World Wide Web
(WWW) terms mean.
13. I can change the proxy/dns settings of devices to
access banned websites.
14. I can use cloud computing technologies (Google
Drive, iCloud, Dropbox, etc.) effectively in daily life.
15. I can use the calendar on mobile devices not only
just for looking at date but also as reminder, for
taking notes and creating events.
16. I can do activities such as "uploading videos /
broadcasting" online.
17. I can use digital technologies effectively in daily
practice such as reservation, shopping, address
finding etc.
18. I can add a web page that I use to bookmarks or
favorites.
19. I can develop software / applications based on
digital technologies.
20. I can develop software / applications based on
digital technologies.
21. I know how to restrict apps' access to my personal
information (location, contacts, camera, etc.)
22. I can recognize and block unwanted / spam
emails and phishing messages.
23. I can change the privacy / security settings on my
social media posts and profile.
24. I know how to create a strong password.
25. I can design and publish a website using web
design systems (Weebly, WordPress, etc.)
26. I can write and share on my own blog page or on
different blogs.
27. With the help of digital technologies, I can change
various images (photography, sound recording and
video, etc.) and produce new content.
28. I can effectively use at least one software related
to my field (Photoshop, SPSS, Premiere, Office
Word, etc.).