7/8
11
TLE – H.E.-
BEAUTY/NAIL CARE
Quarter 1-4 Module 3:
NAIL STRUCTURE AND SHAPES
TLE – Grade 7/8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1-4 Module 3: Nail structure and shapes.
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Marichu A. Gantalao
Editors: Jesusa D. Paladar, Mark Dave M. Vendiola & Rizabelle R. Tubio
Reviewer: Haidee T. Villalon
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Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V
Rosela R. Abiera
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Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita L. Ragay EdD
Antonio B. Baguio, Jr. EdD
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Office Address:
Tele #:
E-mail Address:
Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
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negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
7/8
TLE
BEAUTY/NAIL
CARE
Quarter 1-4 Module 3:
NAIL STRUCTURE AND SHAPES
What I Need to Know
This Module is an exploratory course for Grade 7/ Grade 8 which leads
you to Beauty Care (Nail Care) Services National Certificate Level II (NC II).
The module further was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you understand Nail structure and shapes. The scope of this module
permits to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course.
The module covers the following lessons/tasks, namely;

Lesson 1- Identify Nail Structure and Shapes
 Structure and Shapes of Nail
 Diseases and Disorders of the Nail
 Nail Trimmings to Varied Shapes
At the end of the module, you are expected to do the following:
1. Identify basic nail structure, shapes, Nail disease, and disorder.
2. Discuss important functions of nail structure and shapes.
3. Perform nail trimmings to varied shapes.
1
What I Know
Let us determine how much you already know about the nail structure and basic
nail shapes.
I. Directions: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your
answers.
A. Label the different parts of the nail.
1
3.
2.
5.
4.
B. Identify the different shapes of the nail.
2
Lesson
3
IDENTIFY NAIL STRUCTURE
AND SHAPES
Let’s explore together the importance of Nail. The structure and its
corresponding function, as well as the shapes that fits to each and everyone’s hand.
This lesson gives us idea on what are the common diseases and disorder of our nail
and on what are causes of such things.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding
the learners. The following are information that would lead to the
activities and assessment. Some activities may need your own
discretion upon checking, or you may use rubric of provided. Please
review the activities and answer keys and amend if necessary.
What’s In
Examine your own fingernails. Check its structure and analyze its condition. What
have you observed? Have you seen somebody who has nail disorder? Nail problem?
Are you aware what cause of it?
What’s New
In the following tasks, you will study the different nail structure and shapes.
You will also learn why some people have nail problems. In here, you will be aware
on how microorganisms can infect and affect your body particularly the nails and
learn more about how this can be treated.
3
What is It
Basic Information about Nail
Nail is a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes. The hard
part of the fingernails and toenails contains a tough protein called keratin. Nails are
constantly growing, but their growth rate slows down due to poor circulation and
aging. Fingernails grow faster than toenails, at a rate of 3 millimeters per month. It
takes six months for a fingernail to grow from the root to the free edge. Toenails grow
much more slowly, at just 1 millimeter per month. It takes a toenail 12 to 18
months to grow from root to tip. The main purpose of the nail is to protect the fingers
and toes; however, the fingernail also assists with certain physical activities in daily
life. Nails also serve other several important purposes.



They help humans function. Nails are basically flat versions of claws that
help humans dig, climb, scratch, grab, and more.
They guard against injuries. They serve as protective plates that help prevent
the fingers and toes from getting cut or scraped during daily activities.
They enhance the sensation. The fingers and toes contain nerve endings
that allow the body to process the volumes of information that it receives every
time something is touched—and the nail acts as a counterforce, providing
even more sensory input after a person touches something
Structures of Nail
1. Lunula - the pearly colored and crescent shaped is due to the cells being pushed
closely together, the blood capillaries cannot be seen through the lunula because
of this.
2. Cuticle - the overlapping epidermis around the nail. It is the transparent skin,
which is called the 'true cuticle that is removed during the manicuring process.
3. Free edge -the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an extension of
the nail plate that overlaps the hyponychium.
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4. Matrix - the only living reproducing part of the nail. This is situated directly below
the cuticle. New cells form here and continually push towards to produce the nail
plate. It also contains blood vessels and nerves. Blood supply provides the cells
with nourishment. If the matrix is damaged the nail will grow deformed.
5. Nail bed - the part of the nail where the nail plate rests on, also a continuation of
the matrix. It is abundantly supplied with blood vessels and nerves, having
numerous parallel ridges which dovetail exactly with the ridges on the under
surface of the nail plate.
6. Nail walls - the folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. They hold your nail
in place and protect the nail plate edges.
7. Nail Plate - is visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge. This is
made up from dead cells and minimum amount of moisture. The nail is semitransparent allowing the color of blood supply of the dermis to show.
BASIC NAIL SHAPES
As it always been said that your nails are one of your best accessories, they
could speak to your entire appearance. Therefore, it’s just as important to find the
most flattering nail shape for your nails as it is the perfect color. There are no strict
rules on which shape to wear, but there are essential steps to follow, if you want to
have finished flawless look.
First step is to choose a nail file that is right for you; the main difference between
nail files is the grit – the lower the number, the rougher the grit. If you have natural
nail use crystal nail file. As some say, “It just takes longer time to file acrylic or gel
nails with crystal nail file”.
Next step would be clipping or cutting your nails if you want to change the length,
after this one you are ready to file. File your nails from the outside of the nail towards
the center of the nail — going from each side inward, but not going back and
forth. One more important thing to remember- do not file wet nails, let them
completely dry. When it comes to nail shapes, it’s hard to say what is best, it’s like
picking hair color or outfit. Totally depends on one’s taste. But there are basic shapes
that you could go with:
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




Oval shape mostly looks great on any hands, and yet you might find this shape most
flattering if you have shorter/wider fingers. In order to get this shape, file the tip of
the nail into egg shape and file all edges.
Squoval is probably one of the awkward words ever, but it so popular because it’s
less prone catching on clothing, which is the main cause of nail breaking. This style
looks great on any finger, although it could look better on longer fingers with narrow
nails.
Square is classic and easy to maintain shape, which look great paired with famous
French manicure. But I would strongly recommend to avoid this shape if you have
shorter nails and fingers. The square shape could enhance shortness.
Rounded shape is great. The main reason is its utility, if you can’t have long nail at
work, go with rounded shape. Simply the best nail shape ever, it goes with practically
any nails and fingers types.
Almond/Pointed one of trends of latest fashion seasons, a lot of female singers had
this nail shape on their finger. Add some gorgeous, bold and shiny color and Voila
you are the queen of the day or night. However, there is biggest disadvantage- nail
can easily break. But as I mentioned before there are no hard rules and you can pick
anything you would like to have on your nails, plus there is a whole another thing
called acrylic/gel nails shape. And when it comes to shape those nails, well, there
are no limits.
Nail Diseases and Disorders
Nail diseases are conditions of both the nail, and the surrounding skin which
result from bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Some conditions will show a green,
yellow or black discoloration of the nail, depending on the nature of the infection.
The normal nail is pale pink in color. The end of the nail that grows off the
finger is white because it has no connection with the vascular nail bed which
supports the rest of the nail plate. The main course for infection is through damaged
cuticles and broken skin. Many disorders can affect the nails. These disorders can
affect any portion of the nail unit and can impact the appearance of the nail plate
itself. Nails can become discolored because of:









Smoking tobacco
The use of dyes such as those used for hair
Certain medications including some chemotherapy drugs
Infections of the nail bed
Injury to the nail bed
Subungual melanomas
Silver toxicity, quinacrine toxicity and Wilson’s disease – the nails become
bluish
Several systemic illnesses including liver disease – the nails become white
Renal failure – the nails become half-and-half
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Given below is a list of the few important nail diseases and disorders and their
characteristics.
- It is a condition in which
the cuticle splits around
1. HANGNAILS
the nail. Carelessness in
removing
the
cuticle,
dryness, cutting off too
much may result in
hangnails.
- White spot appears
frequently in the nails.
They may be caused by
injury to the base of the
nail. As the nail continues
to grow, these white spots
eventually disappear.
2. LECONYCHIA OR
WHITE SPOT
- It is an overgrowth of
cuticle which sticks to the
surfaces of nail plate.
Carefully
remove
the
adhering
growth
by
means of a cuticle nipper.
3. PTERYGIUM
- It is describe as wasting
away of the nail. The nail
loses its luster, shrinks
and falls This can be
caused by injury to the
nail matrix or by internal
disease.
4. ONYCHATROPHIA
- It is an overgrowth of the
nail usually in thickness
rather than length. It is
caused by an internal
imbalance, such as local
infection or heredity.
5. ONYCHAUXIS OR
HYPERTROPHY
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-It is a deformity of nail
plate caused by biting
nails. It is an acquired
nervous
habit
which
prompts the individual to
chew the nail or the
hardened cuticle.
6. ONYCHOPHAGY OR
BITTEN NAIL
- It refers to split or brittle
nails caused by an injury
to the finger, careless
filing
of
the
nails,
excessive use of cuticle
solvents and nail polish
removers.
7. ONYCHORRHEXIS OR
SPLIT OR BRITTLE NAILS
- It is caused by uneven
growth of the nails,
usually resulting from
illness. Buffing the nails
with paste polish will help
remove ridges.
8. RIDGES
- It is caused by an
accident during manicure
service.
Apply
an
antiseptic
immediately.
Do not apply nail polish
on the affected area
9. TREATING CUTS
Nail Diseases
Images
Characteristics
It is an infectious
disease caused by a
vegetable parasite. The
onset of the disease takes
about
two
to
three
months and the attack is
rarely on more than one
or two nails.
10. ONYCHOMYCOSIS
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- Is a term applicable to
chronic inflammation of
the nail fold and nail bed
(matrix).
11. ONYCHIA
- It is referred to ingrown
nails which affect the
fingers and toenails. It is
marked by nail growth
into surrounding tissues
and may cause infection.
12.ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS
It is the periodic
shedding of one or more
nails, either in the whole
or in part. This condition
maybe a symptom of a
more alarm disease such
as syphilis or can result
from
fever,
trauma
systematic
upset
or
adverse reaction to drug.
13. ONYCHOPTOSIS
- It refers to the
detachment of the nail
from the nail bed, starting
at its distal and/or lateral
attachment.
14. ONYCHOLYSIS
- It pertains to extreme
thickening curvature of
the nails, usually it is
caused by varying degree
of hyperkeratosis (skin
disease in which the skin
gets thicker) on the distal
portion of the nail bed
that detaches and lifts the
plate off the bed.
15.ONYCHOGRYPHOSIS
OR CLAW NAILS
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Nail Trimmings to Varied Shapes
Trimming of nail plays a very vital role. It is a very easy task but sometimes
it causes little problems such as unwanted abrasions and ingrown nails. The
following are the steps in trimming your nails:
Step 01: Prepare the types of instruments for this task. Nail cutter, who has small
or medium slightly curved blades, which are suitable for trimming the fingernails.
Nail cutters with straight blades are suitable for use.
Step 02: Before using your nail cutter, make sure that it is clean. Wash your nail
cutter to remove dust and germs, especially when you are sharing your nail cutter
with someone else. Dry thoroughly after washing it.
Step 03: Wash your hands. Wipe dry with any towel or tissue paper to remove extra
water. This process cleans your fingernails, and besides cleaning fingernails it also
helps in softening your nails and easier to cut them.
Step 04: You must cut your nails in a place where you can clearly see what you are
doing. Put a small container near you in which you can collect the nails.
Step 05: Decide the shape of your nails. Decide which shape you actually want.
After deciding, lift the nail cutter and start cutting your nails.
Step 06: Start cutting your nails starting from your little finger,
Step 07: Click on the nail cutter that can cut through the nail. You can make at
least two or three cuts of a fingernail until everything is snug. Follow the curve of
the nail to get a clean cut. Check skin flaps after each cut and remove carefully.
Step 08: Sit comfortably and crouch your knee side to easily reach up and see the
nails clearly. Be sure not to set up deep razor to prevent scratches. Adjust the
position of razor if you feel any discomfort.
Step 09: After cutting your nails, use a nail file to smooth any rough and odd surface
of newly trimmed nails. When you file, do it in on tilt – from the corner of the nail to
go down.
Step 10: Apply some moisturizer on your hands to keep the cuticles moisturized
and smooth.
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What’s More
Activity 1
Directions: To understand better the lesson, answer the following:
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/s. Write the answer on your notebook.
1. Free edge is the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an
extension of the _____________ that overlaps the hyponychium.
2. _____________are the folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. It
holds your nail in place and protects the nail plate edges.
3. Nail bed is the part of the nail where the nail plate _________ on, also a
continuation of the matrix.
4. Matrix is the only living reproducing part of the nail, this is situated
directly below the___________. New cells form here and continually push
towards to produce the nail plate.
5. ____________is a visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge.
Activity 2
Directions: Each sentence below has a blank space; each blank indicates that
something has been omitted. Inside the box are words that fits the meaning of the
sentence. Copy and write your answers in your notebook.
Hyperkeratosis
Bluish
Onychia
Uneven
Eggshell nails
Furrows
Treating cuts
Shedding
Detachment
Hangnail
1. ______________ are long ridges that run either lengthwise or across the nail.
2. ______________ is a term applicable to chronic inflammation of the nail fold
and nail bed.
3. Onychogryphosis pertains to extreme thickening curvature of the nails, usually
it is caused by varying degree of ___________________.
4. Onychoptosis is the periodic__________ of one or more nails, either in the whole
or in part.
5. Ridges are caused by ____________ growth of the nails, usually resulting from
illness.
What I Have Learned
Direction: Write a reflection of your learning about this lesson. Do it in your
notebook.
I have learned that
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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I have realized that
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
I will apply
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
I. Label and identify the different parts of nail. Copy and write your
answers in your notebook. (2 points each)
II. Name the different shapes of nail.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Assessment
Direction: Read and understand the statement below. Write the letter of the
correct answer in your notebook.
1. Free edge is the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an extension of
the __ that overlaps the hyponychium.
a. nail wall
b. lunula
c. nail plate
d. nail bed
2. These are folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. It holds your nail in place
and protects the nail plate edges.
a. nail wall
b. lunula
c. nail plate
d. nail bed
3. It is the part of the nail that the nail plate rest on, also a continuation of the
matrix. It is abundantly supplied with blood vessels and nerves, having numerous
parallel ridges which dovetail exactly with the ridges on the under surface of the
nail plate.
a. nail wall
b. lunula
c. nail plate
d. nail bed
4. Matrix is the only living reproducing part of the nail, this is situated directly below
the___.
a. cuticle
b. lunula
c. nail plate
d. nail bed
5. It is a visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge. This is made up
from dead cells and minimum amount of moisture.
a. cuticle
b. lunula
c. nail plate
d. nail bed
6. A classic nail shape and easy to maintain, it looks great paired with famous French
manicure.
a. round
b. square
c. oval
d. pointed
7. This is common among people with long, perfect nail beds. It may be styled slightly
rounded at the base and slightly pointed at the fingertips.
a. round
b. square
c. oval
d. pointed
8. Which of the basic nail shapes easily breaks?
a. round
b. square
c. oval
d. pointed
9. How do you characterize a healthy nail?
a. smooth and consistent in color
c. white and smooth
b. rough with ridges
d. well shape and long
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10. Nails are constantly growing, but what causes the growth rate to slow down?
a. internal problem
c. poor circulation and aging
b. lack of vitamin intake
d. strenuous activity done
11. These are long ridges that run either lengthwise or across the nail.
a. blue nail
b. furrows
c. hangnail
d. brittle nail
12. A term applicable to chronic inflammation of the nail fold and nail bed.
a. blue nail
b. furrows
c. hangnail
d. onychia
13. It pertains to extreme thickening curvature of the nails, usually it is caused by
varying degree of hyperkeratosis.
a. Onychogryphosis
b. furrows
c. Onychoptosis
d. onychia
14. A nail disease characterized by periodic shedding of one or more nails, either in
the whole or in part.
a. Onychogryphosis
b. furrows
c. Onychoptosis
d. onychia
15. Ridges are caused by ____ growth of the nails, usually resulting from illness.
a. abnormal
b. uneven
c. deformed
d. infected
16. This nail disorder is bluish in color, may be attributed to poor blood circulation
or heart disorder.
a. brittle nail
b. blue nail
c. bruised nail
d. bitten nail
17. What nail disorder is caused by an accident during manicure service?
a. treating cuts
b. hangnail
c. bruised nail
d. bitten nail
18. It is a condition in which the cuticle splits around the nail
a. treating cuts
b. hangnail
c. bruised nail
d. bitten nail
19. It separates from the nail-bed and curves at the free edge.
a. treating cuts
b. hangnail
c. eggshell nail
d. bitten nail
20. Onycholysis refers to the ___ of the nail from the nail bed, starting at its distal
and/or lateral attachment.
a. attachment
b. separation
c. discoloration
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d. detachment
Additional Activities
Direction: Give the 7 steps in trimming your nails. Write your answers in your
notebook.
Step 1: ___________________________________________________________________
Step 2: ___________________________________________________________________
Step 3: ___________________________________________________________________
Step 4: ___________________________________________________________________
Step 5: ___________________________________________________________________
Step 6: ___________________________________________________________________
Step 7: ___________________________________________________________________
15
16
What I know
What I Can Do
I. Parts of the Nail
1. Free Edge
2. Lunula
3. Nail Plate
4. Cuticle
5. Nail Wall
I. 1. Free Edge
2. Nail wall
3. Body of nail
4. Lunula
5. Matrix
6. Cuticle
II. 1. Round
2. Oval
3. Square
4. Squoval
5. Stiletto/Pointed
Assessment
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. A
10.C
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
II. Shapes of the Nail
1. Pointed
2. Squoval
3. Round
4. Square
5. Oval
B
D
A
C
B
B
A
B
C
D
What’s More
Activity 1: A. Fill in the blank
1. Nail Plate
2. Nail Wall
3. Rest
4. Cuticle
5. Nail Plate
Activity 2
1. Furrows
2. Onychia
3. Hyperkeratosis
4. Shedding
5. Uneven
Additional Activities
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Keratin
Cuticle
Nail wall
Hangnail
Nail file
What I Have Learned
(Answer may vary)
Answer Key
References
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module
https://bit.ly/2Ptka5u
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpi
n%2F270075308876871937%2F&psig=AOvVaw0kcMPvkjfZ1nm_pw3pc9M&ust=1596165695444000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQj
RxqFwoTCJDM092C9OoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAV
https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-44.html
http://www.czech-glass-nail-files.com/blog/glass-nail-files/nail-shapes/
https://www.dummies.com/education/science/anatomy/the-composition-of-thenails-on-your-fingers-and-toes/
https://www.verywellhealth.com/nail-anatomy-growth-structure-and-more1068848
https://www.news-medical.net/health/Types-of-Nail-Disease.aspx
https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/eponychium
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grit
https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/hyponychium
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/disorders
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-the-Dermis.aspx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease
https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/your-nails.html
https://medlineplus.gov/naildiseases.html#:~:text=Keeping%20your%20nails%20c
lean%2C%20dry,cuticle%2C%20which%20can%20cause%20infection.
https://dtknailsupply.com/blog/best-nail-shape-for-yourhand#:~:text=For%20great%20looking%20natural%20nails,will%20be%20the%20b
est%20option.
https://hudabeauty.com/us/en_US/blog/nail-shapes-to-flatter-your-hands38552.html
https://bit.ly/2EMvzeF
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net
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