Observational Epidemiology:
Cohort Study & Case-Control Study
วิ
ริ
รี
สั
ลั
กั
วิ
กุ
ป้
ร์
ร์
รั
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ธี
วิ
สุ
นพ.
ตนะมงคล ล
ภาค ชาเวชศาสต อง นและ งคม
คณะแพทยศาสต มหา ทยา ยศ นค นทร โรฒ
ความแตก างระห าง Observational Study บ Experimental Study
*
กั
ว่
ต่
ภาพจาก http://howmed.net/community-medicine/study-designs/
History of Observational Studies
Randomised
Controlled
Trial
Scurvy
prevention
trial
James Lind
1747
Cross-sectional
study
Analysis of the
Bills of Mortality
Prospective
cohort study
Carcinoma of the
Lung in Doctors
Case-control
study
Lung Cancer and
Tobacco Smoking
Retrospective
cohort study
Childhood
Malignant
Tumours in
Scotland
John Graunt
John Doll, Richard
Doll
Richard Doll,
Austin Bradford
Hill
Alice Stewart
1761
1938
1954
1960
Nested casecontrol study
Breast Cancer,
Oral
Contraceptives
and Steroid
Hormones in the
Framingham Study
Morton Kelsey
1975
De nition of Epidemiology (WHO)
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and
determinants of health-related states or events (including
disease), and the application of this study to the control of
diseases and other health problems.
Distribution
High risk population &
Magnitude of problem
Determinants
Risk factors
Control of diseases
E ectiveness of intervention
for prevention and treatment
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CDC De nition of EPIDEMIOLOGY. The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in
speci ed populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems. (CDC)