In the fields of history and political science, a revolution is a radical change in the established order, usually the established government and social institutions. The Industrial Revolution was the transition from small cottage industries in which goods were primarily made by hand to new mass-produced goods in factories using steam and water power. What factors led to Industrialization? Factors that led to Industrialization •Population Explosion •Agricultural Revolution •Imperial Gains •Slavery •Technological Advances Why did industrial revolution begin in 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Natural Resources Labor Force Capital Large Market Government Mobile Society ? Natural Resources •Coal •River •Iron •Wool, cotton/colonies Labor Force • Population Increase • Food supply increase (Agricultural Revolution) • Infant mortality decline • Improvement in medical science • Enclosure Act Capital • Entrepreneurs and Inventors • Money • Invest in business enterprises • Sell goods • Property rights • Trading • Banking system Large market • Growing British population • Overseas colonies Government • Roads/canal • Patents • Lowered taxes • Support private property Mobile Society • Social mobility Social and Economic Change 1750 - 1900 Between 1750 and 1900 Britain’s economy and society were changing. Urbanisation – population boomed towns and cities grew at an incredible rate Countryside - demand for food grew Industrial Revolution – new industries grew, blackened the air with soot(fine, black carbon-based smoke particles) from thousand of steam-driven machines Pace of life changed with new steam Population growth and its impact Period 1751-1901, number of people living in England and Wales doubled, doubled and nearly doubled again Year But why? Population of England Year Population of England & Wales (millions) & Wales (millions) 1761 6.5 1831 13.9 1771 6.7 1841 15.9 1781 7.2 1851 17.9 1791 7.5 1861 20.0 1801 8.3 1871 22.7 1811 10.2 1881 26.0 1821 12.0 1901 40.8 What led to the increase in population in Britain? Causes of Increased Population Increase in the birth rate and early marriages – growing economy • 1750, the average marriage age was 26 • 1850, 23 • Areas dominated by textile and mining industries, the marriage age was 20, it happened because workers have higher wages and stable jobs Causes of Increased Population • Fall in the death rate • Better agriculture(more food) • More work • Better pay • Better medicines – vaccinations(smallpox) Unfortunately, New cities of the 19th century were dirty, polluted and full of terrible Causes of Increased Population Increase in Irish immigration • 1840, after the Irish famine • However, a lot went to America • Scots to Canada and New Zealand (the land was cleared by people for profitable sheep farming) • Between 1851 and 1901, over 4.5m emigrated from England and Wales Impact of the population rise Growth in size of towns and cities like London Growth depended on the jobs available for the people Town/City Glasgow 1801 77 1841 287 1901 904 Liverpool Manchester Norwich 82 75 36 299 252 62 685 645 112 York 17 29 78 *figures are in thousands Impact of the population rise • Do the activity time on page 37 • Make a summary of what was life like in London in the 1850s.