In the fields of history and political science, a
revolution is a radical change in the
established order, usually the established
government and social institutions.
The Industrial Revolution was the
transition from small cottage industries in which
goods were primarily made by hand to new
mass-produced goods in factories using
steam and water power.
What factors led
to
Industrialization?
Factors that led to
Industrialization
•Population Explosion
•Agricultural Revolution
•Imperial Gains
•Slavery
•Technological Advances
Why did industrial revolution begin in
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Natural Resources
Labor Force
Capital
Large Market
Government
Mobile Society
?
Natural Resources
•Coal
•River
•Iron
•Wool, cotton/colonies
Labor Force
• Population Increase
• Food supply increase (Agricultural
Revolution)
• Infant mortality decline
• Improvement in medical science
• Enclosure Act
Capital
• Entrepreneurs and Inventors
• Money
• Invest in business enterprises
• Sell goods
• Property rights
• Trading
• Banking system
Large market
• Growing British population
• Overseas colonies
Government
• Roads/canal
• Patents
• Lowered taxes
• Support private property
Mobile Society
• Social mobility
Social and Economic Change
1750 - 1900




Between 1750 and 1900 Britain’s
economy and society were changing.
Urbanisation – population boomed
towns and cities grew at an incredible
rate
Countryside - demand for food grew
Industrial Revolution – new industries
grew, blackened the air with soot(fine,
black carbon-based smoke particles)
from thousand of steam-driven
machines

Pace of life changed with new steam
Population growth and its impact
Period 1751-1901, number of people living in
England and Wales doubled, doubled and nearly
doubled again
Year
But why?
Population of England
Year
Population of England

& Wales (millions)
& Wales (millions)
1761
6.5
1831
13.9
1771
6.7
1841
15.9
1781
7.2
1851
17.9
1791
7.5
1861
20.0
1801
8.3
1871
22.7
1811
10.2
1881
26.0
1821
12.0
1901
40.8
What led to the increase in population in Britain?
Causes of Increased Population
Increase in the birth rate and early
marriages – growing economy
• 1750, the average marriage age was
26
• 1850, 23
• Areas dominated by textile and
mining industries, the marriage age
was 20, it happened because
workers have higher wages and
stable jobs
Causes of Increased
Population
• Fall in the death rate
• Better agriculture(more
food)
• More work
• Better pay
• Better medicines –
vaccinations(smallpox)
Unfortunately, New cities of
the 19th century were dirty,
polluted and full of terrible
Causes of Increased
Population
Increase in Irish immigration
• 1840, after the Irish famine
• However, a lot went to America
• Scots to Canada and New
Zealand (the land was cleared
by people for profitable sheep
farming)
• Between 1851 and 1901, over
4.5m emigrated from England
and Wales
Impact of the population rise
 Growth in size of towns and
cities like London
 Growth depended on the
jobs available for the people
Town/City
Glasgow
1801
77
1841
287
1901
904
Liverpool
Manchester
Norwich
82
75
36
299
252
62
685
645
112
York
17
29
78
*figures are in thousands
Impact of the population rise
• Do the activity time on page 37
• Make a summary of what was
life like in London in the 1850s.