Lesson 10:
Responding to Social, Political,
and Cultural Change
Inst. Michael Art G. Muñoz
o Act of Responding
o Suffrage
o Scopes of Suffrage
o Party-list System Act of 1995
TOPICS
o New Forms of Media and Social Networking
o Social Movement
o Collective Behavior
o SM and CB as Response
o Brief history of Social Movement
o Types of Social Movement
ANO ANG AMBAG MO?
Inst. Michael Art G. Muñoz
Act of
Responding
 Fulfilling your responsibilities as human
 Educating yourself
 Being proactive in various social,
cultural, and political issues
 Reaching in-needs though different helps
 Respecting different members of our
society
 Sharing educational memes, news,
intellectual aids
 VOTING
Retrieved from Philippine Primer
SUFFRAGIUM (Latin word) – vote or political
support
Constitutional, Civil , and Political Right
SUFFRAGE
“Right to vote”
Inclusive Citizenship and Participatory
Governance
One of the most important elements of
Democracy
SUFFRAGE
THEORIES
TITLE
OF ITEM 1
EMBODIMENT
TITLE
OF ITEM 2
1. Suffrage as an attribute of
citizenship.
1. Universal Declaration of
Human Rights (UDHR)
2. Suffrage as vested privilege.
2. International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights
3. Suffrage as a government
function.
4. The Ethical theory
3. 1987 Philippine Constitution
A statement of Hon. Miriam Defensor
Santiago last 2013.
A bill proposed by Hon. Miriam
Defensor Santiago last 2014.
1. ELECTION – the means by which people
choose their leaders and officials.
2. PLEBISCITE – the means by which people
expresses their choice over a proposed law.
SCOPE OF
SUFFRAGE
3. REFERENDUM – the means by which
people ratify a piece of legislation passed
by Congress.
4. INITIATIVE – means by which people
directly propose laws for the government to
enact.
5. RECALL – an elected public official
becomes subject to a process of removal
from office.
ELECTION
Pre-colonial
- Band and Tribe system
Spanish Colonization
- Male voters only (with discrimination)
1937
- Act 4112 (granting women the right to suffrage
1946
- First democratic election after WW2
1992
- First synchronous national and local election under
the 1987 PH Constitution.
1998
- First Party-list election
Republic Act no. 6735
> Through PETITION PAPERS
INITIATIVE
> Number of signatories
Autonomous Regions – 2000 registered
voters
Provinces and cities – 1000 RV
Municipalities – 100 RV
Barangay – 50 RV
Republic Act 7941
PARTY-LIST SYSTEM ACT IN
1995
HoR
1. District Representatives
2. Party-list Representatives
FACTS
• 2% of the total votes is an entitlement to
1 seat
• Maximum 3 seats
• Horizontal Representation
• Bottom-up Participatory Governance
Do you think
SUFFRAGE is enough to
cure our sick
government?
NEW FORMS OF MEDIA AND
SOCIAL NETWORKING
As millennial or part of
Gen. Z, how could you
utilize your voice?
Vox Populi, Vox Dei
Social media sites used in citizen participation in governance
include:
• Twitter
• Facebook
• Video sharing channels like Youtube
• Blogs
Social media is also being used for infomercials and ad
campaigns. During elections, candidates allot a significant portion
of their campaign budget for political ads whether through
traditional or social media.
Vox Populi, Vox Dei
Maria Buenaobra (2016) 41 million active Facebook
users between ages 18-65, social media has become a
game changer in Philippine elections.
Still, the power of social media becomes subject to
abuse. Despite the limitation by the Cybercrime
Prevention Act of 2012, social networking sites tend to be
misused and abused in the exercise of citizen
participation.