Program: Urban Design Concentration
Course Code: UPL492s, Course Name: Graduation Project 2
Transoceanic International
University
TIU
Omar Mohamed Salah 1805561
FEDA-ASU, Urban Design Concentration, Senior 2
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Abstract
This Thesis investigates the potentiality of a university city built in
Ras El-Hekma city right on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. The
analysis of the site was done on various aspects concerning the
environment and the context and the site itself assessing the possible
actions taken into consideration in the design achieving the desired
project theme which is the ecological Resilience giving our project an
environmental and economic edge over the other potential projects
showing that with enough budget and manpower we can reach the
optimum integration between our project and the surrounding
environment promoting the concept of biophilic design, furthermore the
project achieves it’s main educational purpose by applying the blue mind
concept, nurturing the students mental health during education achieving
better educational results.
Keywords: Ras El Hekma – Environmental Analysis– University City –
Eco-Resilience – Urban Design.
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Acknowledgements
Prof. Dr. Abeer Elshater – Professor at urban design department in Ain
shams university
Dr. Wesam M. El-bardisy – Teacher at urban design department in Ain
shams university
Eng. Mohamed Fawzy Ragheb Hafez – Teacher assistant at urban design
department in Ain shams university
Eng. Moureen Nazir Shawky Asaad – Teacher assistant at urban design
department in Ain shams university
Eng. Menna Tallah Tarek Hosny - Demonstrator at urban design
department in Ain shams university
Eng. Eman Ahmed Mohamed Abdelmonem Ismail - Demonstrator at
urban design department in Ain shams university
Eng. Carol Victor George - Demonstrator at urban design department in
Ain shams university
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Biography
-
Omar Mohamed Salah 1805561
4th year undergraduate student at Ain Shams University, Faculty of
Engineering, Department of Architecture, Urban Design Concentration, with
remarkable leadership and presentation capabilities, can use Microsoft Office,
AutoCAD 2D, Revit, 3Ds Max, VRay, SketchUp, Rhino & Grasshopper,
Lumion, Twin Motion, Photoshop, Movie maker, and adobe Premier pro, have
site experience in (Mamsha Ahl Masr) phase 2 for 2 months, and for 2 weeks in
El-Rehab mall (Under Construction).
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Table of Figures
Figure 1.sector map for the Mediterranean [6] ......................................... 6
Figure 2. North Coast map [7] .................................................................. 8
Figure 3.average temperatures of Ras El hakam [9] ................................. 9
Figure 4.wind rose diagram that shows the average wind speed of Ras El
Hekma [9] ............................................................................................... 10
Figure 5 average wind speed of Ras El Hekma [9] ................................ 10
Figure 6 - Site solar energy information [86] ......................................... 11
Figure 7 - Site sun exposure information [86] ........................................ 11
Figure 8 - Wind properties from 0 to 10M Height [91] .......................... 12
Figure 9 - Wind properties from 10M to 50M Height [91] .................... 12
Figure 10 - Ground Water Level Map (dreuzy, 2015) ............................ 13
Figure 11.cloudy, sunny and prescription analysis of Ras El Hekma [9]14
Figure 12.land contour of Ras El Hekma [14] ........................................ 15
Figure 13. sky pollution of coastal site it is class 2 [15]
Figure 14.sky pollution of road site it is class 4 [15] .............................. 15
Figure 15- Site Materials [14] ................................................................. 16
Figure 16 - Site Materials Section [14] ................................................... 16
Figure 17 - Environmental SWOT Analysis [Author] ............................ 20
Figure 18 - Thermal comfort in architecture scale [17] ......................... 21
Figure 19 - Dealing with high precipitation [17] .................................... 22
Figure 20 - Earth Air Tunnel [19] ........................................................... 22
Figure 21 - Average Solar Panel Production for this site [86] ................ 23
Figure 22 - Micro Wind Turbine [20] ..................................................... 24
Figure 23 - Average micro wind turbine production [91]....................... 24
Figure 24Cairo-Alexandria Road [23] .................................................... 25
Figure 25 Al Dabaa Nuclear station [23] ................................................ 25
Figure 26. North coast map [23] ............................................................. 26
Figure 27. landmarks map (By Author Based on Google earth pro) ...... 27
Figure 28 - Landmarks Map (By Author based on google earth pro) .... 28
Figure 29. contour map [14] ................................................................... 28
Figure 30 – Regional scale SWOT Analysis (BY Author) ..................... 30
Figure 31 - Site scale SWOT analysis (By Author) ................................ 30
Figure 32 - City scale SWOT analysis (By Author) ............................... 32
Figure 33 - Marsa MAtrouh Population (Author based on [24] ............. 34
Figure 34 - Ras El-Hekma Population (Author Based on [24] ............... 34
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 35 - Building uses in Marsa Matrouh and Ras El-Hekma (Author
Based on [24]) ......................................................................................... 35
Figure 36 - Building uses in Matrouh and Ras El-Hekma (Author Based
on [24]).................................................................................................... 36
Figure 37 - Tenure Properties (Author Based on [24] ) .......................... 37
Figure 38 - Utilities Connection (Author Based on [24]) ....................... 38
Figure 39. the price of 1 meter square in the north coast [Edited by
Author based on [25]] ............................................................................. 39
Figure 40 - Development Plan for Ras El-Hekma [6] ............................ 40
Figure 41- Ras El Kanaies Buildings (7, 2022) ...................................... 43
Figure 42 - Near Road site 2 (7, 2022) ................................................... 43
Figure 43 - site near road (7, 2022)......................................................... 43
Figure 44- the journey map (7, 2022) ..................................................... 43
Figure 45 - Ras El Kanaies Buildings 2 (7, 2022) .................................. 43
Figure 46 - Military Facilities (7, 2022) ................................................. 43
Figure 47 - Train Station Lines (7, 2022) ............................................... 43
Figure 48 - Coastal Site (7, 2022) ........................................................... 43
Figure 49 - Coastal Site 2 (7, 2022) ........................................................ 43
Figure 50 - Measuring City Resilience [26] ........................................... 48
Figure 51 - Evolution of cities [29]......................................................... 49
Figure 52 - Resilience Response [30] ..................................................... 51
Figure 53 - The Adaptive Cycle [30] ...................................................... 52
Figure 54 - Social interpretation of the adaptive cycle [30] ................... 52
Figure 55 - Hierarchy Diagram of Meta-city [30] .................................. 55
Figure 56 - Antalya Map [39] ................................................................. 58
Figure 57 -Water Cistern and Pumping Stations Controlled by SCADA
System [40] ............................................................................................. 59
Figure 58 - Average per capita pure water produced in M3 (Author using
CAPMAS data) ....................................................................................... 60
Figure 59 - KOBE Map - Google Earth .................................................. 61
Figure 60- Paired Emergency Water Storage System, Kobe City [42] .. 62
Figure 61 - Kyoto Map - Google earth ................................................... 63
Figure 62 - Wind turbines and solar panels - [44] .................................. 64
Figure 63 - Methodology: integration of four general objectives in a
yearly process of design research, master planning, and
building/implementing ecological projects. ............................................ 65
Figure 64 - Trickling Trail [46] .............................................................. 66
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 65 - Bee Burrows [46] ................................................................. 67
Figure 66 - Peat Gardens [46] ................................................................. 67
Figure 67 - Rain Pavilion [46] ................................................................ 68
Figure 68 - integration between Resilience techniques [49] ................... 69
Figure 69 – Levees [50] .......................................................................... 70
Figure 70 - Representative Cross Section of Various types of
breakwaters, Rubble mound types on the left and the monolithic types on
the right [52] ........................................................................................... 71
Figure 71 – Groins [53]........................................................................... 72
Figure 72 - seawalls and revetments [54] ............................................... 73
Figure 73 - Storm surges [56] ................................................................. 75
Figure 74 - Summary Table of Benefits (Functions) and performance
factors for the structural features [57] ..................................................... 75
Figure 75 – Methodology [By Author] ................................................... 79
Figure 76 - Project's Macro Program (By Author) ................................. 80
Figure 77 - Main Program [62] ............................................................... 82
Figure 78 - Program by block [Author Based on [62]] ........................... 82
Figure 79 - Pie charts of blocks area distribution [By Author]............... 84
Figure 80 - Projects Macro Zoning [By author based on [64]]............... 85
Figure 81 - B1, B2 Ground Plans............................................................ 86
Figure 82 master plan building use analysis [67] ................................... 87
Figure 83 - Total floor area chart [author based on [67]] ....................... 87
Figure 84 - Master Plan [97] ................................................................... 88
Figure 85 - Conceptual Sketch [97] ........................................................ 88
Figure 86 - 3D shot [97].......................................................................... 89
Figure 87 - Landscape area [Author based on [97]] ............................... 90
Figure 88 - Zones Area [Author based on [97]] ..................................... 90
Figure 89 - Footprint ratios [ Author based on [97]] .............................. 90
Figure 90 - Macro Zoning [Author based on [97]] ................................. 91
Figure 91 - Agora Shot 2 [71] ................................................................. 92
Figure 92 - Agora shot 1 [71] ................................................................. 92
Figure 93 - Program Layout Zones [72] ................................................. 93
Figure 94 - Program Pie Chart [Author based on [72]] .......................... 93
Figure 95 - NFU/SZU Shot 1 [73] .......................................................... 93
Figure 96 - NFU/SZU Shot 2 [73] .......................................................... 93
Figure 97 - Districts Ratios [author based on [74]] ................................ 94
Figure 98 - Layout Zoning [Author based on [74]] ................................ 95
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 99 - pie chart of District of knowledge zone [Author based on
[73]]......................................................................................................... 96
Figure 100 - pie chart of District of Realization zone [Author based on
[73]]......................................................................................................... 96
Figure 101 - pie chart of District of Inspiration zone [Author based on
[73]]......................................................................................................... 96
Figure 102 - pie chart of District of Investigation zone [Author based on
[73]]......................................................................................................... 96
Figure 103 - Innovation Park Structures [75] ......................................... 97
Figure 104 - Analysis of the IP’s functional units in the form of a
building and a complex [75] ................................................................... 99
Figure 105 - Schematic proposition for a medium IP [75] ................... 100
Figure 106 - Peat moss [Google Images (2022)] .................................. 101
Figure 107 – Wheat [Google Images (2022)] ....................................... 101
Figure 108 - Macro Program for the innovation park [By Author] ...... 102
Figure 109 - landscape program [By Author] ....................................... 103
Figure 110 - Management program [ By Author] ................................. 103
Figure 111 - General Services program [By Author] ........................... 104
Figure 112 - Exhibition zone program [By Author] ............................. 104
Figure 113 - Offices and workshops program [By Author] .................. 105
Figure 114 - Innovation Park Relationships Bubble Diagram [By Author]
............................................................................................................... 107
Figure 115 - Total Footprint ................................................................. 108
Figure 116 - Total Landscape Program ................................................ 109
Figure 117 - Companies Program ......................................................... 110
Figure 118 - Medical Company Program ............................................. 110
Figure 119 - Tourism Company Program ............................................. 111
Figure 120 - Electronics Company Program ........................................ 111
Figure 121 - Food Company Program .................................................. 112
Figure 122 - Chemicals Company Program.......................................... 112
Figure 123 - All Workshops ................................................................. 113
Figure 124 - 3D Printing Workshop ..................................................... 114
Figure 125 - Electronics Workshops..................................................... 114
Figure 126 - Robotics Workshops ........................................................ 115
Figure 127 - IHUB Workshops ............................................................. 115
Figure 128 - Handcrafts Workshops ..................................................... 116
Figure 129 - Distributed Services Program .......................................... 116
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 130 - Farmland Program ............................................................ 117
Figure 131 - Restaurants Program ........................................................ 117
Figure 132 - Cafes Program .................................................................. 118
Figure 133 - Exhibitions Program......................................................... 118
Figure 134 - Exhibition Program .......................................................... 119
Figure 135 - Museum Program ............................................................. 119
Figure 136 - Gallery Program ............................................................... 120
Figure 137 - Commercial Services Program ......................................... 120
Figure 138 - Shops Program ................................................................. 121
Figure 139 - Restaurants Program ........................................................ 121
Figure 140 - Cafes Program .................................................................. 122
Figure 141 - Shopping Center Program ................................................ 122
Figure 142 - Management Program ...................................................... 123
Figure 143 - Main Administration Building Program .......................... 124
Figure 144 - Archive Building Program ............................................... 124
Figure 145 - IT Buildings Program ....................................................... 125
Figure 146 - Academic Pillars .............................................................. 126
Figure 147 - Business Park Pillars ........................................................ 126
Figure 148 - Innovation Park Zoning.................................................... 127
Figure 149 - Innovation Park Concept .................................................. 128
Figure [82]150 - LEED average savings ............................................. 130
Figure 151 - LEED Certificate Points [82] ........................................... 130
Figure 152 - Academic Main Zoning [By Author] ............................... 131
Figure 153 - Faculty of engineering program [By Author] .................. 132
Figure 154 - Faculty of Science Program [By Author]......................... 133
Figure 155 - Tourism Program [By Author]. ........................................ 134
Figure 156 - Aquaculture Program [By Author]................................... 134
Figure 157 - Faculty of Tourism Programs [By Author]. ..................... 134
Figure 158 - Maritime Transport Programs [By Author]. .................... 135
Figure 159 - Maritime Transport Program [By Author]. ...................... 135
Figure 160 - Post Grad Program [By Author]. ..................................... 135
Figure 161 - Post Grad Programs [By Author]. .................................... 135
Figure 162 - Seaport facilities [Author based on [84]] ......................... 136
Figure 163 - Academic Proposal A ....................................................... 137
Figure 164 - Academic Proposal B ....................................................... 138
Figure 165 - Academic Proposal C ....................................................... 139
Figure 166 - Academic Proposal D ....................................................... 140
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 167 - Dorms Program [By Author]. .......................................... 141
Figure 168 - Dorms Typical Floor Program [By Author]..................... 142
Figure 169 - Dorms Ground Floor Program [By Author]..................... 142
Figure 170 - Sports Zone Program [By Author]. .................................. 143
Figure 171 - Services Program [By Author]. ........................................ 144
Figure 172 - Housing Total Program [By Author].` ............................. 145
Figure 173 - Energy Consumption Destribution ................................... 150
Figure 174 - Expected Environmental Impacts .................................... 157
Figure 175 - Egyptian population by sex [24] ...................................... 162
Figure 176 - Distribution of regular buildings, makeshift building &
nondescript building by use (CAPMAS, 2017) .................................... 162
Figure 177 - Distribution of regular buildings units by current use
(CAPMAS, 2017) ................................................................................. 163
Figure 178 - Distribution of regular buildings units by type of tenure
(CAPMAS, 2017) ................................................................................. 163
Figure 179 - distribution off regular building by connection to public
utilities (CAPMAS, 2017) .................................................................... 164
Figure 180 - Universities energy consumption ..................................... 164
Figure 181 - project full detailed program [by Author] ........................ 165
Figure 182 - Companies Detailed Program .......................................... 166
Figure 183 - Interior Companies detailed program............................... 167
Figure 184 - Workshops Detailed Program .......................................... 168
Figure 185 - Workshops Interior Program ............................................ 169
Figure 186 - Distributed Services Program .......................................... 169
Figure 187 - Exhibition Program .......................................................... 170
Figure 188 - Commercial Services Program ......................................... 171
Figure 189 - Main Administration Buildings Program ......................... 172
Figure 190 - Smart Location & Linkage Score for Proposal B ............ 172
Figure 191 - Neighborhood Pattern & Design Score for Proposal B ... 173
Figure 192 - Green Infrastructure & Buildings Score for Proposal B .. 173
Figure 193 - Bonus Points Score for Proposal B .................................. 174
Figure 194 - Energy Consumption........................................................ 174
Figure 195 - Floating PV Brochure ...................................................... 175
Figure 196 - Floating PV specifications ............................................... 176
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Table of Contents
1.
Introduction ....................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Description .......................................................................... 2
1.2 Project Uniqueness .......................................................................... 2
1.3 Aims & Benefits .............................................................................. 2
1.4 Main Components ........................................................................... 3
1.5 Project’s Stakeholders ..................................................................... 3
1.6 Target Audience .............................................................................. 4
2. Site Analysis ......................................................................................... 5
2.1. Site Location .................................................................................. 6
2.2 Environmental Analysis .................................................................. 9
2.2.1 Temperature analysis ................................................................ 9
2.2.2 Wind speed analysis ............................................................... 10
2.2.3 Renewable energy................................................................... 11
2.2.3 Cloudy, Sunny and Prescription analysis ............................... 13
2.2.4 Contour analysis ..................................................................... 15
2.2.5 Sky pollution analysis ............................................................. 15
2.2.6 Local Materials ....................................................................... 16
2.2.7 SWOT Analysis ...................................................................... 17
2.2.8 Concluded remarks & Design Considerations........................ 20
2.3 Physical Analysis .......................................................................... 24
2.3.1 Regional Scale Studies ........................................................... 24
2.3.2 City Scale Studies ................................................................... 26
2.3.3 Site Scale Studies.................................................................... 29
2.3.4 SWOT ..................................................................................... 29
2.3.5 Concluded Remarks ................................................................ 33
2.4 Socio-Economic Analysis ............................................................. 34
2.4.1 Population ............................................................................... 34
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
2.4.2 Budlings Use and Conditions ................................................. 35
2.4.3 Units uses and conditions ....................................................... 35
2.4.4 Buildings Security of Tenure .................................................. 36
2.4.5 Buildings connection to public utilities .................................. 37
2.4.7 Economic Specifications ........................................................ 38
2.4.8 Concluded Remarks ................................................................ 40
3.
Site Visit .......................................................................................... 42
3.1 Site visit ......................................................................................... 43
3.2 Site Impressions ............................................................................ 43
3.3 Site Reflections ............................................................................. 44
3.4 North coast and Site Discovered value. ........................................ 44
4. Eco-Resilient City ............................................................................... 46
4.1 Resilient Cities .............................................................................. 47
4.2 Urban Resilience ........................................................................... 48
4.3 Ecological Resilience .................................................................... 50
4.3.1 introduction ............................................................................. 50
4.3.2 Ecological concept of resilience ............................................. 51
4.3.3 Adaptive Capacity .................................................................. 52
4.4 Ecological Urban Design .............................................................. 53
4.5 Emerging principles for linking resilience and urban sustainability.
............................................................................................................. 54
4.6 How do we measure ecosystem resilience? .................................. 55
4.6.1 The Geometric Mean Abundance (GMA) .............................. 55
4.6.2 Vegetation Growth Stage Structure ........................................ 55
4.7 Ecosystem services ........................................................................ 55
4.7.1 Introduction ............................................................................ 55
4.7.2 Millennium assessments of ecosystem services ..................... 57
4.7.3 ecosystem services from theory to implementation ............... 57
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
4.8 Case Studies .................................................................................. 58
4.8.1 Antalya, Turkey ...................................................................... 58
......................................................................................................... 60
4.8.2 KOBE, Japan. ......................................................................... 61
4.8.3 Kyoto, Japan ........................................................................... 63
4.9 Concluded Remarks ...................................................................... 65
4.9.1 Design/ Implementation Steps ................................................ 65
4.9.2 take-outs/Design recommendations ........................................ 65
5.Innovation Park .................................................................................... 76
5.1 Overview ....................................................................................... 77
5.2 Methodology ................................................................................. 78
5.3 Case Studies .................................................................................. 79
5.3.1 Yunlong Digital and Technology Park ................................... 79
5.3.2 Innovation Park Medway........................................................ 84
5.3.3 Hoa Lac National Innovation Centre ...................................... 88
5.3.4 Agora Technology Park .......................................................... 92
5.3.5 NFU and SZU Advanced Technology Park ........................... 93
5.4 Program ......................................................................................... 96
5.4.1 Functional Requirements ........................................................ 96
5.4.2 Theme and Site Requirements .............................................. 101
5.4.3 Final Program ....................................................................... 102
5.5 Detailed Program......................................................................... 108
5.5.1 total innovation park ............................................................. 108
5.5.2 Companies ............................................................................ 109
5.5.3 Workshops ............................................................................ 113
5.5.4 Distributed Services .............................................................. 116
5.5.5 Exhibition ............................................................................. 118
5.5.6 Commercial Services ............................................................ 120
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
5.5.7 Management ......................................................................... 123
5.6 Idea .............................................................................................. 126
5.7 Zoning ......................................................................................... 127
5.8 Concept........................................................................................ 128
6.
Remainder of the Project ............................................................... 129
6.1 Introduction ................................................................................. 130
6.2 Academic Sector ......................................................................... 131
6.2.1 Functional Requirements ...................................................... 131
6.2.2 Theme and Site Requirements .............................................. 136
6.3 Academic Proposals .................................................................... 137
6.3.1 Proposal A ............................................................................ 137
....................................................................................................... 137
6.3.2 Proposal B............................................................................. 138
6.3.3 Academic Proposal C ........................................................... 139
....................................................................................................... 139
6.3.4 Academic Proposal D ........................................................... 140
....................................................................................................... 140
6.4 Housing Sector ............................................................................ 141
6.4.1 Functional Requirements ...................................................... 141
6.4.2 Theme and Site Requirements .............................................. 144
7.
Project Description ........................................................................ 146
7.1 Project Concept ........................................................................... 146
7.2 Project Components .................................................................... 146
7.3 Project Utilities............................................................................ 148
7.3.1 Water Sources ....................................................................... 148
7.3.2 Feed and Fire Water: ............................................................ 149
7.3.3 irrigation water and street cleaning ...................................... 149
7.3.4 Sources of electricity ............................................................ 149
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
7.3.5 Wastewater Treatment .......................................................... 151
7.3.6 Means of safety and protection. ............................................ 151
7.3.7 Disposal of Solid Waste ....................................................... 151
7.3.8 Certification Qualifications .................................................. 152
8.
EIA................................................................................................. 153
8.1 Environmental impacts during the construction process: ........... 153
8.2 Environmental impacts during operation: ................................... 154
8.3 Social impacts of the project: ...................................................... 155
8.Summary ............................................................................................ 160
8. Appendixes ....................................................................................... 162
9. Glossary ............................................................................................ 177
10.
Bibliography .............................................................................. 178
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1. Introduction
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
1.1 Project Description
The project is being held at Ras El Hekma, which is a village belonging
to the city of Marsa Matrouh, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt [1]. Ras El
Hekma is located on the north coast, about 70 km (about 43.5 mi) east of
the city of Marsa Matrouh, there is strategic planning for Ras Al-Hekma
city [1]. This project is divided into three zones: a tourist area in the north,
an agricultural area in the center where the largest zone is, and an industrial
area in the south of the project [2].
According to the cities plan, our project is decided to be a university city
project, which is to be divided into three parts. The first part is academic
and administration which is planned to be 40% of the project with an area
of 252000 sqm, and an equal part for a business/innovation/technology
park for another 40%, and the remaining 20% of an area 126000 sqm is
designated for students' dorms and sports area.
The project site area is 150 feddans with a 489000 built up area and
16%, it is designed to meet the needs of 16800 as a peak student volume.
And the largest annual intake of the university is 3800 students.
1.2 Project Uniqueness
The project's uniqueness lies in its location and concept since its
located in an extremely quite zone with minimal light pollution and a
great orientation overlooking the sea.
The concept mainly aims to achieve maximum potential of the project by
focusing on three main pillars (Educational-Business-Polictical), by
using a mixture of scientific and practical faculties, we get to achieve the
maximum utilization of the site and its location by discovering the
secrets of the ocean and the secrets of the space and reaching out to the
international studies of which the Egyptian education lack.
1.3 Aims & Benefits
The project aims to reach maximum business benefits, political power
and educational benefits by using the site resources and trying to reach the
highest levels for the city by applying current age design trends present in
the resilient-city and by using the political advantages some courses
provide the university can stand in it’s ground for a longer time.
The benefits of the projects lie in three main aspects, firstly, which is
the most important to the investor, is the business pillar, since the
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
programs are rare and the location is catchy, therefore, students who want
to study such programs would most likely apply due to the fact that the
courses present is rare to find specially in their countries without the need
to travel abroad to reach distinctive programs.
Secondly, the second aspect comes which is a political-pillar, In the
modern world, most countries fight over the space and seas dominance
where we provide the educational means for contribution, we see most
first-world countries fighting about space dominance and water dominance
[3], Egypt is still making its first step towards that exploration, so having
a university, that is specific to these majors, gives Egypt a great push
towards this worldwide dominance race [3].
Last but not least, the third aspect is the educational pillar, most
Egyptian enthusiasts in these fields end up joining fields out of their field
of interest because of the lack of presence of particle physics courses, the
first space-related faculty to open in Egypt was four years ago.
1.4 Main Components
Since the project is a university alongside its student housing and
services, it is to be divided into main zones, administration for the
university, Students' housing, technological park, sports area, and the main
campus which has significantly rare and unique courses made by taking
considerations about the site and the human desires, The coastal site has a
large coast area it could be used in marine biology, maritime studies,
marine logistics, and marine navigation. The cloudless sky with no light
pollution of the site could be used for astrophysics, cosmology, particle
physics, and astronomy. natural gas resources in the Mediterranean Sea
could be used in petroleum engineering, subsea engineering, mechanical
power engineering, mechanical production engineering, mechatronics
engineering, and wind metrology.
1.5 Project’s Stakeholders
The project’s owners are the Egyptian government and all the
cooperating investors (Maybe required due to high budget requirements)
and it targets all science enthusiasts of all ages, as the technological park
may hold events and science experiments which is to be attractive for all
ages from the youth to the professors due to the presence of high-quality
labs that are rarely present in the universities present within the MENA
regions, as there is not a single particle accelerator in the MENA region
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
[4], and only two Synchrotron radiation facilities in Iran and Jordon [5],
therefore it could be a great place for temporary scientific events made by
large investors like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos (SpaceX/Blue Oracle), all
under the supervision of the faculty of engineering Ain-Shams
university.
1.6 Target Audience
This thesis can be most benefitable for bachelor’s or master’s degree
students who needs data about projects in Ras El Hekma before the
starting of its development strategies. And a collection for environmental
data connected to the site, so for any person inquiring about the
environmental data for the site this thesis would be useful, investors
would also find this thesis useful due to the presence of socio-economic
aspects and considerations for the location and the residents. Most
Planners would find this research helpful as they would find local
information about the site, and it would make it easier for them to find
the data instead of making the trips to the location or governmental
institutes themselves.
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
2. Site Analysis
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
2.1. Site Location
Our project’s site is in Ras El Hekma, which is in Matrouh Governorate,
the location of Matrouh is in the North-East of Egypt, it is extended from
the 61st kilometer from west Alexandria till the Egyptian-Libyan Borders
as shown in Figure 1. The coastal strip extending from El-Dabaa area in
kilo 170 North West Coast Road to kilo 220 in Matrouh city, known as
“Ras El-Hekma” is the most promising region for the future of tourism
investment for Egypt during the next 20 years, with capital flows and
foreign direct investments estimated at tens of billions of dollars, to exceed
the fame of Marina El Alamein and other well-known areas, and with a set
of advantages in infrastructure, and tourist resorts that meet the needs of
investors and tourists alike, amid great interest from the state in this
promising region [6].
Figure 1.sector map for the Mediterranean [6]
Among the most important reasons that make the Ras El Hekma area the
future of tourism investment in Egypt:
The new Fouka Road is one of the huge projects that the armed forces
are taking part in its construction to link Cairo and the North Coast. The
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
distance from Cairo to El Alamein through the new Fouka Road is about
140 km (about 86.99 mi), after the earlier road was about 240 km (about
149.13 mi) from Cairo to the entrance to the road [6].
The coastal strip with a length of 50 km (about 31.07 mi), found between
the city of El-Dabaa to Marsa Matrouh, is considered the most beautiful
beach in the world, from the soft yellow sand to the turquoise waters of
great beauty. [6]. The establishment of a million-citizen city in the El
Alamein area on the North Coast and the later industrial, commercial, and
residential activities, allow the promising Ras El Hekma area to have a
major tourist activity during the next 20 years. [6]. The area includes
multiple patterns and attractive elements for beach tourism, along the
northwestern coast of about 400 km (about 248.55 mi) from western
Alexandria to the western borders of the Republic, with a length of about
90 km (about 55.92 mi) from western Alexandria to El Alamein, and from
El Alamein to Ras El Hekma, with a length of about 130 km (about 80.78
mi), and from El-Negila And even Salloum, with a length of about 130 km
(about 80.78 mi), includes within it the east and west of the city of Marsa
Matrouh, with a length of about 90 km (about 55.92 mi) [6].
The region is rich in the elements of cultural and historical tourism that
appear in the cemeteries of the Commonwealth and the Italian and German
cemeteries, and this type of tourism encourages the establishment of
festival tourism and celebrations in those areas, retrieval of the historical
events that took place in these areas. [6]. The total area offered for tourist
investment in Ras El Hekma is 11,500 meters (about 7.15 mi), with an
investment cost exceeding EGP 1.351 billion, to set up integrated tourism
projects, to attract tourists coming to Egypt for the Ras El Hekma region,
especially since the infrastructure of roads and services is in the advanced
stages of construction [6].
Ras al-Hekma is famous for the rest house set up by King Farouk in the
area. After the revolution of July 23, 1952, it turned into a presidentialrest, and the late President Anwar Sadat used to go there for recreation,
and after him Hosni Mubarak and his grandchildren [6].
Ras El Hekma is a village found in Marsa-Matrouh City, Matrouh,
Egypt, its beaches extend from the 170th kilometer from the north-coast
street in the Dabaa zone to the 220th kilometer in Matrouh city as shown
in figure 2 [6].
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 2. North Coast map [7]
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
2.2 Environmental Analysis
2.2.1 Temperature analysis
The site temperature varies between the temperatures shown in figure
3, the weather is sunny but not extremely hot except certain days in the
year like the two months of august and July and has moderate temperature
in April, May, June and September, the other months can get to less than
10 degrees Celsius as shown in figure 3 [8].
Figure 3.average temperatures of Ras El hakam [9]
Temperature analysis is done only on micro scale as the difference
between the two sites is not prominent, but the coastal site has slightly
better temperature but has high humidity, while the road site has higher
temperature than the coastal site.
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
2.2.2 Wind speed analysis
The average wind speed of all months is 19 km/hr. except November,
December and February, so that February has high wind speed, some days
it reaches 50 km/hr., while November and December relatively have low
wind speed, that half of December the wind speed is less than 12 km/hr.,
and November has some days it reaches only 5 km/hr., as shown in figure
4 and figure 5, so that the site can be used to generate wind energy as the
wind speed is very high along the whole year [8].
Figure 4.wind rose diagram that shows the average
wind speed of Ras El Hekma [9]
Figure 5 average wind speed of Ras El Hekma [9]
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
2.2.3 Renewable energy
The site is located in northern Egypt with significantly high wind
speeds and exposed sun throughout most of the year making it extremely
benefitable to use renewable energy in our site, as by using solar cells we
can achieve net zero energy in our most important buildings and decrease
the energy demands of the other buildings pushing our project towards
sustainability, so by integrating biophilic design approach with the
renewable energy techniques mentioned and the eco-resilient cities
concept we can get leadership in energy and environmental
design(LEED) certified and even other certificates which will increase
and enhance our projects economic value [10] [11].
As for the solar power output we find that our site receives up to 2.23
MWh/M2, that if used correctly can cover a fine percentage of the
project’s consumption (depending on the level of energy usage) [ Author
based on [10]].
Figure 6 - Site solar energy information [86]
Figure 7 - Site sun exposure information [86]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Wind Energy
As for the wind energy, it cannot be determined the exact power
output as it differs drastically depending on the wind turbines used, yet
the potential can be seen as for the low heights [from 0 to 10 (Figure 8)]
it is observed that the wind speed has an average of 5.11M/S which is
more than enough to function a micro wind turbine [2 M/S] [12], since
the height of micro wind turbines varies from 5M to 11.1M high [13],
therefore, by integrating solar and wind power, a fair share of our
projects energy output would be saved.
Figure 8 - Wind properties from 0 to 10M Height [91]
Figure 9 - Wind properties from 10M to 50M Height [91]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Ground Water Level
Ras El Hekma is a coastal city, so the ground water levels gets up to
0.15 meters, therefore, it is possible to ground cool the building’s using
the geothermal energy, furthermore, a great option for passive thermal
insulation in summer, thus decreasing energy consumption for our
project increasing the effectiveness of the energy production methods,
and makes desalination a great easier option for clean water [14].
Figure 10 - Ground Water Level Map (dreuzy, 2015)
2.2.3 Cloudy, Sunny and Prescription analysis
The annual analysis of the months showed that most of the year is
cloudy except June, December and July they are mostly overcast, while
the blue line shows the rainfall percentage and expected months, while the
months of June, July, September, November, and October have the most
sun rays they are considered sunny in the contrast of March and August
they have the least sun rays and are overcast, as shown in figure 11 [8].
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Figure 11.cloudy, sunny and prescription analysis of Ras El Hekma [9]
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
2.2.4 Contour analysis
Ras El Hekma has a contour up to 100 Meters, yet the contour decreases
at coast, but it is still relatively high then sea level, the lands are lifted a
good measure from the sea level rise, so that the contour near the coastal
site is at level 4, then the contour moves to level 5 then level 6 then level
7,
while
the
difference
between
each
level_is_5m_as_shown_in_figure_12. [14]
Figure 12.land contour of Ras El Hekma [14]
2.2.5 Sky pollution analysis
Sky pollution is divided into 4 classes, class 1 is clear areas but it is
extremely rare to find only very few places, while class 2 is for nature
reserve, however the coastal site is class 2 as shown in figure 14,while
class 3 is for rural areas, and class 4 is for the site near the road is class 4
as shown in figure 13,that is why space studies can be achieved at the
coastal site as the sky’s high clarity is recorded. [15].
Figure 13. sky pollution of coastal site it is
class 2 [15]
Figure 14.sky pollution of road site it is class 4 [15]
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
2.2.6 Local Materials
Ras El Hekma mostly consists of limestone [14], and since lowergrade limestones, particularly ones with some clay content, can be used
in the production of cement for use in the building and construction
industry. Therefore, the using of local limestone will decrease production
costs (author based on [16]).
Figure 15- Site Materials [14]
Figure 16 - Site Materials Section [14]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
2.2.7 SWOT Analysis
City Scale
Strengths: the site's location is strategic and investor-attracting due to
several aspects, firstly, the views and wonderful nature present there,
secondly, the location which is on the coastal strip of Egypt close to the
main modern projects and the developments occurring. The project will
give the zone a whole new step ahead of the surrounding coastal cities as
it makes a fully functioning city around the campus unlike the tourismbased ideology on the coastal strip, these strengths emphasize the business
pillar the most as it has most of what attracts the investors, an empty land
with huge potential and a surrounding plan that almost ensures the projects
advancements and marketing and the location enhances the political pillar
as it is open to the Mediterranean sea and it’s countries.
Weaknesses: the site is almost an island, so the humidity rates are
phenomenal which might deteriorate the building’s materials faster than
expected, this weakness is harmful to the business pillar as the high initial
prices scares of the investors, yet it can be solved by the governments
facilitations to the investors.
Opportunities: the surrounding landmarks in the coastal strip give our
site a free marketing. And the possibility for desalination could be lifechanging towards sustainability, if minimal collaborations occur,
exploitation of solar energy and wind energy might result in a dramatic
decrease in the whole zone’s energy consumption, these opportunities
emphasizes all of the projects pillars as business wise the energygeneration decreases long term costs, and it helps in including the studies
related to it, and pushes Egypt towards sustainability helping it’s political
status.
Threats: the industrial zone inside Ras El Hekma might cause the
investors to back away from the site if close to it, the site is still mostly
rural, so safety (especially in the north-western part) is an issue. The
surrounding projects along the coast might give a different vibe to our
project than desired so that students might not know about the campus as
a campus so marketing campaigns should be incredibly careful, this might
cause a threat to the business pillar as the project wouldn’t be known for
its values so students wouldn’t always know about the university.
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Site Scale [on shore]
Strengths: the site is present upon various contour levels which gives us
the opportunity to build the project on different scales to fit the needs of
the buildings and views and open spaces, furthermore, the site has a low
light pollution index making it suitable for sky-related studies and
activities, finally, the coast in the site gives a push to the studies that needs
the sea and also students meditation and recovery spaces and investment
for foreign companies booths, the contour levels pushes the business
aspect as it gives most buildings the advantage of the view making a better
possibility for a better ROI, and the clear sky will boost the educational
pillar as it will help in sky-related projects..
Weaknesses: the site is hardly accessible from main roads making it hard
to be seen by commuters, this might harm the business pillar as it makes it
hard for students to reach the site and hard for the investors to bring guests,
but this weakness is on the verge of changing due to the presence of a
development plan for the city.
Opportunities: the sea view makes the site an incredibly attracting spot for
investors and even constructing a mini seaport for important guests and
student’s trips, these opportunities boost the business pillar and the
educational pillar as the presence of hotels and resorts and events clos to
our projects will make the presence of conferences and international events
much more easier and also helps the students to engage with sea related
studies and with the international market.
Threats: the heavy rains in November, December, January and February
in the area can cause buildings and landscape deterioration causing the
need for maintenance increasing the price of maintenance.
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city Scale
Strengths
•
•
•
•
Strategic
location
Attracts
investors
Wonderful
nature and
views
A good
surroundin
g
developme
nt plan
Weaknesse
s
•
Requires
high funds
and
investment
s.
Opportuniti
es
•
Surroundi
ng
landmarks
Exploitatio
n of solar
energy and
wind
energy
decreases
energy
consumpti
on.
.
The
surroundin
g projects
along the
coast
•
Threats
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•
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
site
Scale site Scale (road
(Coastal Site)
Site)
• various
• near the
contour
resident
levels
ial zone
help
most
building
s
to
overloo
k
the
sea.
• low
light
pollutio
n
• Must deal
• the site
with
is
strong
located
humidity.
in the
industri
• site is not
al zone
near the
outer road
of the city
• Explore
• Near
sea
the
related
outer
studies.
road of
the city
• Companie
s’
investmen
ts
•
high
humidity
rates may
cause
buildings’
•
the
industri
al zone
might
cause
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
might give
a different
vibe than
the project
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
deteriorati
on and
high
maintenan
ce costs.
the
investor
s to
back
away
from
the site
if close
to it,
Figure 17 - Environmental SWOT Analysis [Author]
And from the SWOT analysis and comparing between the two sites, the
coastal site was selected, as the strengths and opportunities are more than
the road site, and from our point of view it is more suitable for our
project.
2.2.8 Concluded remarks & Design Considerations
From this section we conclude that, according to our studies, first we
deal with relative high temperatures through two routes urban and
architecture, with urban route we add Shade structures and increase
planting, and add Water features but treating it carefully due to humidity,
and with architecture route we add green, cool and double roofs, air
cooling, and use energy-efficient appliances, as shown in figure 18, that
in architecture scale deal with temperature by adding building projections
and shades, also sun rays are strong so photovoltaic panels can be added
[Author based on [17]].
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Figure 18 - Thermal comfort in architecture scale [17]
Secondly according to our studies, we deal with high humidity, so it is
considered when dealing with building materials so that the maintenance
of the project decreases, and in indoor spaces we use humidifiers and air
conditioning, also adding plantation, green walls to decrease humidity
and improve it, but there are certain kinds that decreases humidity
[Author based on [17]].
Thirdly, our site has 15 meters contour level, the site has many contour
levels that helps our project that mostly all buildings can overlook the sea
and helps us achieve various activities according to the levels [Author
based on [17]].
Fourthly, when dealing with high precipitation the buildings should be
in the higher contour level that rainwater not comes near it as shown in
figure 19, we also use certain ways to collect the rain, and design a good
infrastructure to deal with the months of high rain percentage according
to our studies [Author based on [17]].
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Figure 19 - Dealing with high precipitation [17]
As For the final and most important aspect we get to talk about the
renewable energy potential for our project, since the universities average
energy consumption can be up to 35,000 MWh annually [18]
Appendix F, if we thought about using passive techniques for cooling
to decrease HVAC energy consumption, earth air tunneling (ground
Coupling), is perfect for our site’s location due to the high ground water
levels as mentioned back at [Figure 10], earth tunneling is based on
Figure 20 - Earth Air Tunnel [19]
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passing the hot air through the ground before getting it to the building
and since the ground is filled with water, thus cooling it’s temperature,
therefore, ground tunneling would be a perfect heat damper for all of our
buildings which can be applied as shown in Figure 20 [19].
Even though the site receives more than 2.2 MWh/M2, if the solar
panel was placed horizontally, it wouldn’t harness all this power due to
efficiency aspects, therefore if the panel was placed at exactly 24 degrees
tilt, it would harness almost the exact same amount per M2 with as
azimuth of 180 degrees as shown in Figure 21, if we used solar
techniques only we would need almost 17500 M2 of solar panels plus the
managerial area and the maintenance costs, which would almost kill the
project if solely dependent on it [Author Based on Appendix F and
Figure 6], solar panels can also be integrated in the buildings itself on the
roofs and on the glazing and even on landscape elements.
Figure 21 - Average Solar Panel Production for this site
[86]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
For the wind energy, we find the power production of a wind turbine
for the sites average wind speed almost 0.5 MWh/M2 and takes up an
area of 28 M2 at 10M high and almost 1M2 footprint [20], for it to cover
the whole project it would be almost impossible, but it can be used as an
aid for the solar panels and as decorative elements for the landscape as an
integration to the design. [12].
Figure 23 - Average micro wind turbine production Figure
[91] 22 - Micro Wind Turbine [20]
2.3 Physical Analysis
2.3.1 Regional Scale Studies
There are major national projects in the entire North Coast region, such
as the New El Alamein City, El Dabaa Station, El Alamein Airport and
resorts extending to the city of Marsa Matrouh, meaning it is a
comprehensive development from Alexandria to Salloum [21].
A new road was implemented as an alternative to the international
coastal road, with a length of one hundred and twenty kilometers, starting
from the city of Al-Alamein and ending with the city of Ras Al-Hekma
[1].
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Figure 25 Al Dabaa Nuclear station [23]
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 24Cairo-Alexandria Road [23]
There are many huge national projects in the entire North Coast region,
such as the New El Alamein City, El Dabaa Station, El Alamein Airport
and resorts extending to the city of Marsa Matrouh, meaning it is a
comprehensive development from Alexandria to Salloum [1].
In the first phase, work was carried out on the main and arterial roads,
where the efficiency of the Cairo-Alexandria road was upgraded, and this
was not enough, but work was also done on the coastal international road
from its intersection with Wadi El-Natrun-Al-Alamein road, in addition to
the implementation of a bridge linking Al-Alamein road to Matrouh road
with a length of five hundred and thirty meters [22].
These developments are parts of the western north coast development
project that was set by the national strategic plan for urban development
1952. The aim of the project is to match the population growth in the
western north direction by building up million cities on the coast expecting
that the population of the north coast city will be 25-30 million by 2050.
Ras El-Hikmah is a part of this plan [22].
The new western north coast is featured by many landmarks as; The new
Alamein towers which occupy one of the most outstanding locations in AlAlamein city overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, also there is a marine
hotel resort tower that outstands visually on the north coast road [23].
For foreign visitors or internal tourism, there are 4 main airports related
to Ras El-Hikmah site. Each of the Four airports is more than 1-hour ride
by car from Ras El-Hikmah. The nearest airport is Marsa Matrouh airport
which is 70 km far from the site which is equal to an average of 1 hour by
car. The second one is Borg El-Arab International airport, The location is
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far from the airport by 250km (3.5h by car) and the same distance from
Alexandria international airport. Lastly, Cairo international airport is
405km from Ras El-Hekmah [2].
Figure 26. North coast map [23]
2.3.2 City Scale Studies
Since Ras El Hekma is a future project there are not significant
landmarks there yet. During the train line passes throw Ras El Hekma there
are two important train stations. The first one is Ras El Hekma train station.
It is far from El Dabaa station by 66.6 kilometers. The second one is Atnoh
station. It is less important than Ras El Hekma station, and it is far from it
by 13.1 kilometers. It is closer to the international coastal road than Ras El
Hekma station. There is an emergency hospital lying on the international
coastal road called Ras l Hekma hospital. Near the coast, north of Ras El
Hekma, there is a region all Ras El Kanais. And the last landmark is the
helipad at the eastern north which is used as a private airport for the
president as shown in figure 27 [6].
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Figure 27. landmarks map (By Author Based on Google earth pro)
Ras El Hekma's use is classified into seven uses. Ras El Hekma is
dominated by desert and cultivated desert land, as well as a beach.
Meanwhile the desert is unimportant, the cultivated desert land has many
profits with the increase in global population, desert agriculture is more
crucial than ever. The beach lands are used for tourism, and in normal
conditions, it is considered one of the most interesting uses, and there are
a few urban blocks around the train line near the international coastal road.
The fourth land use is educational, more than sufficient for the region's
current population. Educational services are distributed randomly all over
the land. As shown in figure 28, Religious services are the same as
educational services, they are considered more than needed for the current
population. Ras El Hekma has only one medical service, which is not
enough for 140 km2. The last use is security. It includes eleven security
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points, six of which are on the international coastal road as shown in figure
28 [22].
Figure 28 - Landmarks Map (By Author based on google earth pro)
As shown in the contour map figure 29 the closer we get to the sea, the
lower the contour level gets. The height range in Ras El Hekma varies
from 0 to more than 100 meters [6].
Figure 29. contour map [14]
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2.3.3 Site Scale Studies
The contour in the land overlooking the sea are the most important
characteristic of this land due to the multiplicity of different levels, starting
from the zero level, which is the sea level, then the next level rises to four
meters, then the level rises another eight meters to become at a height of
12 meters, and then rises another eight meters at the next level, the level
becomes 20 meters above the sea level, and the land ends with a level of
32 meters, as it is the maximum height from sea level [8].
This diversity in the contour levels helps in the gradation of the level of
urban design, as well as the level of vision, and the exploitation of these
levels is a noticeable and tangible visual design as well, which allows
diversity in the movement, its paths and forms, as if it is an incentive to
move within the project and avoid boredom [8].
2.3.4 SWOT
Regional Scale
Strengths: The physical strength on the regional scale is found in the
easiness of accessibility on the domestic and international scale, and also
in the presence of remarkable landmarks and a clean power source, all of
these benefits the business pillar by marketing and easiness of reaching
and great views.
Weaknesses: the physical lack of services is a threat for future
investments as investors and students wouldn’t want to stay in a place
with no functional services for their needs.
Opportunities: the new roads give a huge opportunity for investment as
it connects the project to a whole new substrata of the country, widening
the projects scope of clients.
Threats: the winter acts as a threat for the project due to the decrease in
activity and decreasing the services even more in the region which would
negatively affect investors and students.
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Figure 30 – Regional scale SWOT Analysis (BY Author)
City Scale
Strengths: the strength here lies in the business aspect as the humid air
and the contour levels will help in achieving the thermal comfort which
in return will attract students and investor more.
Weakness: the lack of water resources and services might push away
investors so solutions for them should be proposed to prevent the loss of
the valuable potential of the land.
Opportunity: the empty land in the city gives the potential of another
campus extension behind the site across the road making it appealing
business wise due to its potentiality to growth.
Threat: the changing tides of the sea may cause the deterioration of light
structures around the seashore which may affect the business pillar as the
seashore activities is always at threat.
Figure 31 - Site scale SWOT analysis (By Author)
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Site Scale
Strengths: the train line station and the cultivated desert and the beach
are all strengths that boost the business pillar as it makes the site
desirable and possibly accessible for most domestic commuters and
investors.
Weakness: the coastal planting affects the business pillar due to the
increase in the cost of construction, and the lack of utilities and services
also damages the business pillar as they decrease the attraction to the
investors by making the survival harder on the people that would stay at
our project.
Opportunities: The Airport and landmarks makes a perfect push to our
project as it makes our project easily accessible on the domestic and
international scale, and the Dabaa Power Station also pushes our project
towards sustainability and clean energy enhancing our political strength
and business appeal.
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Threats: the same threat of the shoe tides is affecting on all scales as it
affects the shape of the land making it harder to keep the shoreline
activities.
Figure 32 - City scale SWOT analysis (By Author)
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
2.3.5 Concluded Remarks
For the Regional Scale we see that there are great opportunities in the
accessibility from various international airports, and the national projects
targeting this specific region includes a lot of strategies which could help
in free marketing for our project.
By looking at the physical aspects on the regional scale we see that the
intersection of the International Coastal Road with Wadi El-Natrun
Road, linking Cairo and New Cairo to the North Coast and arriving in the
least time, and Al-Alameen Road to Ras Al-Hikma has become the
alternative to the international coast for people coming from northern
Egypt.
For the transportation on the regional scale, we see that, El Alamein
Airport facilitates the arrival of visitors inside and outside Egypt and
cities far from the international coastal road, making investments and
stimulating tourism, and that the presence of El Alamein Airport and
Matrouh Airport serve as a detour for Ras El Hikma from both sides,
which facilitates access to it locally and internationally.
As for the planning aspect for the regional scale we find El-Dabaa
power station which provides housing projects and works for entire
cities, including Ras El-Hikma, and we see that building buildings for
housing, increasing urbanization, and reducing overcrowding Ras alHikma is distinguished and famous for its complementary landmarks,
and the completion of investment.
As for the city scale, we see that public transport stations can be
established next to the Atnoh train station distribute passengers and
visitors to the rest of Ras El Hikma areas and to the project site, and the
southern hospital service circle does not reach all of Ras al-Hikma, so it
is necessary to build another hospital next to the northern part, as it
would be insufficient for the urgent health needs for the commuters and
for the people living in the northern part after its development.
We also find the use of agriculture in the city, which can be used in the
development scheme and upgrade it to serve the whole city and assist in
providing the whole region, and we see the desert lands existing which
can be used as an extension for our campus or other uses such us
agriculture or urbanization, the long seashore allows the possibility of
desalinating the sea water to help with the water consumption, and the
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
main visible physical aspects are the beaches which can be used as an
investor attractor feature marketing our project. Nevertheless, the current
educational and health services need an urgent extension where our
project will play that role as it is an educational facility and have a health
program and a mini hospital for students’ studying and practice.
Finally, for the site scale we see that the contour can be graded to fit
the construction of buildings at different viewing levels which gives an
advantage for most of our buildings in terms of views and ventilation,
and elevated grounds can be easily made to prevent the intersection of
vehicular and Pedestrian roads, thus having a better experience for the
users.
2.4 Socio-Economic Analysis
2.4.1 Population
According to the 2017 census [Appendix A], the total population of
Marsa Matrouh city is 14,3524 people divided into 74,898 males and
68,626 females, while the population of Ras Al-Hekma village is equal to
7,671 people divided into 4,206 males and 3,465 females as shown in
figure 34&33, representing 5.3% of the total population of the city Marsa
Matrouh and the population density is 33.32 Person/SqKm, which shows
that the population is significantly lower than what is normally planned
for in the coastal strip, and from here we find that the new university will
be the nucleus of the city, and the city and life in it will be established
according to the presence of that university [24].
Figure 33 - Marsa MAtrouh
Population (Author based on [24]
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Figure 34 - Ras El-Hekma
Population (Author Based on [24]
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
2.4.2 Budlings Use and Conditions
According to the 2017 census [Appendix B], Ras El Hekma has 4,830
Buildings from a total of 42,888 Building in the city, the third (1471
Building) are still under construction which shows that a spec of the
futures plans already started. Yet, there are still a lot of unused buildings
(377+273= 650) that can be used for any uses or even to be demolished,
and the 325 makeshift buildings are not an issue as they, by default, will
not last for a lot of time all shown in figure 35 [24].
Figure 35 - Building uses in Marsa Matrouh and Ras El-Hekma (Author Based on [24])
2.4.3 Units uses and conditions
Ras El Hekma Consists of 3,190 residential and non-residential units,
which is almost insignificant in comparison to its city which has 105,586
units [Appendix C]. This clearly shows the lack of exploitation of this
rich zone. But it also shows its immense potential existing due to the
small number of units which can be demolished without breaking a
budget and rebuilt as a new city as planned [24].
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 36 - Building uses in Matrouh and Ras El-Hekma (Author Based on [24])
2.4.4 Buildings Security of Tenure
Almost 58% (1845 units) of the units in Ras El Hekma are ln-kind
benefit which means that when the work is done or if the work is
transferred compensation for the companies, and 27.5% (878 units) does
not even have tenure as [Appendix D], which means that the
compensation required is going to be less than assumed [24].
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 37 - Tenure Properties (Author Based on [24] )
2.4.5 Buildings connection to public utilities
By taking a closer look at the units in Ras El Hekma, we find that most
buildings don’t have connections to main public utilities like drinking
water and sanitation, and natural gas, which will most probably make the
possibility of people's migration easier so that they should be glad to get
homes in other places with better axes to public utilities [Appendix E]
[24].
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 38 - Utilities Connection (Author Based on [24])
2.4.7 Economic Specifications
Ras El Hekma is located on the coastal strip of Egypt, it is mainly
consisting of domestic tourism and services, the market value per sqm is
almost average in comparison to the other touristic-coastal cities as shown
in figure 39, but it is quite empty which in return makes it distinctive
chance of investment and creating a university there could most probably
be a reason for the creation of a city surrounding it [25].
The current economic situation of Ras El-Hikmah depends on small
services and businesses by the people lives in the area in addition to some
agriculture for dessert planets and sheep grazing. A lot of teenagers (under
15 years) work in theses disciplines [24].
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 39. the price of 1 meter square in the north coast [Edited by Author based on [25]]
Ras El-Hikmah is distinguished by its unique geographical site on the
shore and its breathtaking nature and views that encourage the future
economic plans for the city. The combination of the great nature and the
new infrastructure developments made by the country attracts a lot of
investments to be made in the future. The city is planned to be one of the
most important destinations in the tourism field. Investors have started to
construct a lot of resorts, hotels and tourisms’ projects with great
architectural and engineering minds. Big steps are already made in the
construction of these projects by pioneers in the real estate developments.
Examples of the most popular upcoming resort are La vista resort,
mountain view resort, the shore resort, sea view Ras El-Hikmah and City
stars Ras El-Hikmah resort [6].
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 40 - Development Plan for Ras El-Hekma [6]
2.4.8 Concluded Remarks
Since the ideal ecologically stable population is 50-100 people/SqKm,
therefore our site is already much less than the ideal (33.32), so that
makes the site perfect for our sites preference as most university cities
increase the population numbers dramatically, so even if the population
doubled or tripled the zone is still ideal ecologically.
Most of the population are not very highly educated so a lot of
educational services and industrial schools must be introduced in the
future.
The constructed buildings are mainly used for housing that is occupied
by the original inhabitants of the city. The zone needs construction for
more buildings that have economic value such as resorts on the shoreline,
offices, and services buildings in the heart of the city. More housing
buildings are needed for the workers in the future.
There are also numerous abandoned structures for various causes that
might be used for a variety of purposes. The issue with these buildings is
that they were not built in accordance with urban plans, hence they may
not fit into the intended urban fabric. To address this issue, rehabilitation
and organization must be carried out inside the existing fabric rather than
eliminating these structures.
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Besides the already constructed units the site shows great potential for
further development as there are a lot of empty land areas. The future
took advantage of this potential and started the construction of a lot of
projects.
And since the security of tenure and connection to public utilities are
really poor, therefore, if any building were to be a constrain it would be
much easier to give minor compensation to the residents and continue
with the project, and even if they did not agree, most of the site’s
buildings belong to companies working there so by compensating the
company it would be easy to move on with the project. A major
disadvantage in the socio-economic aspect is the weak infrastructure
which will increase the projects timeline to wait for the government’s
intervention.
The innovation park should use the potential that was shown in the site
and find solutions to its problems. The unoccupied houses could serve
the people work in the innovation park so there is no need for housing in
the park area. The park also could use the shoreline for business related
to the sea.
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
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Urban Design Concentration.
3. Site Visit
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
3.1 Site visit
The site journey began firstly at point 44 as in the shown figure 44,43
and figure 42, at the site near the road, then secondly moved to point 43
and 42, which has a small village called Ras El Kanaies as shown in
figure 44,41 and 40 then thirdly moved to point 4, which is the train
station as shown in figure 44 and 46, the fourthly moved to point 5,
which is Military facilities as shown in figure 44 and 47, then fifthly
moved to point 6 ,which is the coastal site as shown in figure 48,47 and
45, then lastly moved to point 47 and ended the journey as shown in
figure 44 .
Figure 45 - Ras El
Figure 44- the journey map (7,
Figure 42 - Near Road Figure 41- Ras El Kanaies
Figure 43 - site near
2022)
Buildings (7, Kanaies
2022) Buildings 2 (7,
site 2 (7, 2022)
road (7, 2022)
2022)
Figure 47 - Train Station
Lines (7, 2022)
Figure 49 - Coastal Site 2 (7, 2022)
Figure 46 - Military Facilities Figure 48 - Coastal Site
(7,
2022)
(7, 2022)
3.2 Site Impressions
The site impressions is that it is naturally rich with desert plants,
although it gives a very peaceful vibe, while its urban fabric is messy and
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
conducted with no planning, so that the site has no architecture identity,
its desert nature repels the emergence of the urban yet agriculture is one
of the main professions there, Although the habitants of the place were
so friendly and the whole vibe gives the feeling of peace. The site has a
respectable number of schools but most of them are closed, as that
student’s number is incredibly low.
3.3 Site Reflections
There are no high population needs to Services provided by the
university and the site needs more services to bring life to it, and the
coastal site has different contour levels, the difference between each level
is 4m, that can be used in the design.
3.4 North coast and Site Discovered value.
Beginning with the north coast area ,first the New Alamein City had a
very beautiful landscape areas and designs, it is designed to a high
standard. and it is planned to hold millions of residents, it include a
number of global projects, from business and international trade centers
to residential towers and luxurious resorts, secondly the Alamein
International University, it was designed with top technology and
modernism, by using underground tunnels and sensors technology, it also
had interdisciplinary programs, which is considered quite new, thirdly
Marsa Matrouh, it provides modern summer life, while the whole north
coast, including Ras El Hekma is designed to have, high-end designs that
make it an honorable destination where comfort, luxury, privacy, and
entertainment exist.
Ras El Hekma, the site itself is still under development, it is mostly
empty but for the scattered house of people who live there, it also had a
small village with medium height houses, it also had train rails, it could
be used as main train staaccess,e road networks are good in designs, but
still to be constructed, when it comes to the two sites ,the one at the road
had relatively low contour in comparison to the coastal one, it has great
road accessibility and close to the city, while the coastal one has high
contour, but it can be used for variety of buildings and designs ,it also
has sea access and road access , which contributes to the overall project
design.
As in its development plans, The plan goes beyond attracting
investors, residents and visitors, and seeks to achieve a new level of
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
sustainable environmental-based development, The vision of the
development of the Ras El-Hekma Waterfront New City project is
elaborated under six steps, first, giving a strong identity to the place,
second, transforming city productive economy, third, resilient city that
deploys new sustainability standards for climate change adaptation,
fourth, people centered urban development ,fifth, introducing futuristic
mobility options and sixth, placing Ras El-Hekma at the global map.
45 | P a g e
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
4. Eco-Resilient City
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
4.1 Resilient Cities
Cities that are resilient are those that can take shocks from the
institutional, social, environmental, and economic spheres and recover
quickly. Resilient cities encourage inclusive growth, well-being, and
sustainable development. [26].
There are four certain fields that drive resilience as shown in figure 36,
starting with the economic area; it is measured by looking for the
diversity in numbers of industries, the dynamism of the economy for
generating growth, the conditions allowing innovation occurrence, and
the accessibility for people to employment, education, services, and skills
training [27].
The second area is governance; it is present in clear management and
leadership, Strategic and integrated approaches are taken by leaders, the
right skills for the public sector, and the opening and transparency of the
government [27].
The third area is society; it is present in society’s cohesiveness and
inclusiveness, the activeness of Citizens’ networks in communities, the
safety of neighborhoods, and the enjoyment of the citizen’s healthy
lives [27].
The final area is the environment; it is present in the diversity and
soundness of the ecosystem, the meeting of basic needs of the
infrastructure, the availability of adequate natural resources, and the
Coherent policy towards land use [27].
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 50 - Measuring City Resilience [26]
4.2 Urban Resilience
The definition of urban resilience has evolved, from a defensive
approach, aiming to protect the city, its inhabitants, and infrastructures,
to extreme shocks and proactive behavior—that is, a comprehensive
urban strategy covering all dimensions of urban life and a long-term
resilience life cycle. In this way, resilience is becoming an interpretative
metaphor for urban sustainability management. However, the translation
of resilience thinking in real resilience policies is limited by inadequate
interpretation and understanding of its theoretical underpinnings [28].
Throughout its evolution, urban resilience has expanded, from an
engineering focus, addressing recovery, efficiency, and speed, to return
to a steady state or an ecological view on equilibrium, and governance of
complex and integrated social and natural systems, up to an evolutionary
approach, considering adaptive capacity, transformability, learning, and
innovation, referring to urban socioecological ecosystems. Managing
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
resilience means managing cyclical patterns and non-linear processes
related to multiple stakeholders, with different and dynamic
expectations [27].
In this view, urban resilience denotes change and an evolutionary route
that considers many disciplines and urban aspects in a holistic manner, as
well as a complete strategy aiming at improving the quality of life in
urban areas. Masik and Grabkowska propose a multidimensional
hierarchical resilience approach that includes four components:
institutional, economic, social, and environmental resilience, with a focus
on economic resilience. Indeed, economic resilience is a key concern in
today's volatile economy, which cities must address appropriately. [28].
A smart city and a sustainable city might be viewed as fertile ground
for a resilient city's strategic goal. However, when the city transitions
from a digital to a resilient state, the breadth and main parts of the urban
plan grow. The digital city seeks to digitalize society through the use of
ICT (Information and Communications Technology); the smart city
seeks to incorporate new technology into urban operations; and the
sustainable city seeks to lessen the urban environmental effect via the use
of technologies. In comparison to past urban policies, the resilient city
integrates all these characteristics, with a complete vision that includes
people, their well-being, and their participation in urban government, as
shown in figure 51 [29]
Figure 51 - Evolution of cities [29]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
4.3 Ecological Resilience
4.3.1 introduction
The Earth is made up of different ecosystems that are home to a wide
range of species. Living creatures are everywhere, yet they are also
dependent on nonliving or abiotic components of their habitats. Ecology
is the scientific study of how living species interact with their physical
habitats on Earth. The mix of abiotic and living species within a certain
geographical region or natural community, including the balanced
cycling of nutrients, energy, and abiotic components within those
systems, is referred to as an ecosystem. A specific ecosystem, for
example, may include all the live species and nonliving features of a
certain forest, lake, woodland, or coral reef. [30].
An example of ecological resilience would be the introduction of
surplus nutrients into a freshwater aquatic habitat, such as a lake. First,
despite the stressor, the ecosystem may continue, and its biological order
and structure stay balanced at their baseline. If the stressor is just brief or
remains at a low level, the ecosystem may remain at its baseline for an
extended period of time. However, if the stressor endures, possibly as a
result of increasing fertilizer runoff from a neighboring factory farm, the
aquatic ecology will ultimately reach a tipping point and shift. Lake
eutrophication refers to a change in the biological structure of aquatic
environments caused by excessive nutrients, which results in algal
blooms, anoxia, and plant overgrowth [30].
Resilience is an important tool to evaluate the capacity of systems,
including cities, to adapt to change. Resilience is therefore also key to
understanding the ability of a system to satisfy the social norms
embodied in sustainability goals, the term ‘resilience’ has two additional
dimensions – a dimension of core meaning and a dimension of
operationalizing models [31].
Persistence, adaptive capacity, and transformability—the three
components of resilience—describe crucial characteristics of biological
systems. These capacities include the ability to withstand collapse and
preserve essential functions, to adapt to changing conditions (learn and
self-organize), and, in the case of socio-ecological systems, to use
foresight and anticipation to "design for positive emergence"—to modify
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the system in a way that improves its health and enhances its ability to
respond sensibly and creatively to disturbance.
4.3.2 Ecological concept of resilience
A contemporary theory of ecological resilience starts with the basic
idea that internal and external drivers of system structure and activity are
a changing template to which successful systems must adjust. The theory
then adds the kinds of changes that are well known to occur in systems
after disturbances have disrupted system composition or threedimensional structure [27].
Such changes are summarized by the ecological theory of succession
(Pickett, Cadenasso, & Meiners, 2013). Key to this process, as a playing
out of the interactions of a set of species that occupy or arrive at a site, is
a shift from species that exploit the resources readily available in the
environment to those that use resources more sparingly as the pool of
resources is increasingly intercepted by longer-lived organisms. In
biological ecology, [27].
This shift parallels a change in life history attributes from those that
favors rapid growth, high investment in large numbers of offspring and
the highly dispersible nature of those offspring to the contrasting
attributes: slow growth, greater investment in maintenance than in
reproduction and more local dispersal. The jargon for this ‘strategy’
contrast is a shift from r-selected features to K-selected features
(Gunderson & Holling, 2002).
Figure 52 - Resilience Response [30]
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4.3.3 Adaptive Capacity
The adaptive cycle serves as a metaphor for how ecosystems and ecosocial systems develop naturally. There are four main phases that make
up this process: "growth or exploitation" (r), "conservation" (K) of
existing patterns and resource distribution, "collapse or release" (Ω), and
"reorganisation" (α). The adaptive cycle (see Figure 54) connects these
four stages and is sometimes shown as an infinity symbol or Möbius
loop.
The chances for and possibility of creative transformation are greatest
during the α-phase. These potential for change are compared during the
r-phase, and one or two innovations start to outline the traits of the
altered system. This structure is conserved and then starts to rigidify
during the K-phase, returning us to the inventive "edge of chaos"
circumstances after its sometimes swift and occasionally disastrous
release (collapse) during the -phase. This presents fresh prospects for
rearrangement in a new Ω-phase and an entirely new cycle of adaptation.
Figure 53 - The Adaptive Cycle [30]
Figure 54 - Social interpretation of the adaptive cycle [30]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
4.4 Ecological Urban Design
Ecological urban design is a broad field that can include aspects of
management and policy. Here, the focus is on the professions of
architecture, landscape architecture and urban design. There has been a
crescendo of interest in applying ecological knowledge to urban design
since at least the 1960s, exemplified by the work of Ian McHarg
(McHarg, 1969) and John T. Lyle. Indeed, Lyle’s Design for Human
Ecosystems (1999) and Regenerative Design for Sustainable
Development (1994) are pioneering contributions to the program of
sustainability. Designers and planners expanded their definitions of urban
ecology to include natural processes and components, thereby including a
wide range of environmental issues. They sought to link these to
processes to a broader theory of environmentalism (Hough, 1995; Meyer,
2000; Spirn, 1984, 2012).
Designers and planners amplified their delineations of Urban ecology
to involve natural processes and factors, thereby involving a broad range
of environmental consequences. The amplified interest of the design
fields in the science of ecology seems to have been primarily innovated
on conservation planning, Greenway, and habitat design to advance
biodiversity. Since the late 1990s, Urban ecological science has
accelerated around the world and has moved beyond the conventional
core of ecologists on the conspicuous green factors of metropolises
without misrepresenting the social and natural content of green spaces
bedded in erected urban fabric, a new intertwined ecological avenue to
urban systems has surfaced, also, one integrated advance is to
contemplate urban design comes to be experiments deserve theoretical
also as sensible motivation and controlled comparison and monitoring.
[32]
Metaphorical and content-related approaches to ecological urban
design differ. For example, the metaphor uses ecology as a container for
values such as connectivity; Balance; Stability; I complete it; health; and
desert. However, some of them adopt a classic equilibrium paradigm of
ecology. At best, this notion has been relegated to the status of a special
case. The most general assumptions of contemporary ecology view
systems as materially open, subject to external regulation, prone to
disturbance, with contingent and path-dependent dynamics, possessing
multiple alternative stable states, and encapsulating humans and their
effects and artifacts. [32]
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4.5 Emerging principles for linking resilience and urban
sustainability.
Urban transformation is proceeding rapidly around the world.
However, this extraordinary alteration has no set endpoint, nor a
predetermined pathway of industrial or economic development.
Individual urban settlements do not exist in isolation from others, even at
great distances, or in isolation from what seem to be purely rural
settlements and livelihoods. This paper has identified several responses
to the ongoing and potential transformations of the Earth’s increasingly
extensive and connected urban realm. Based on this review of the
literature, the following concepts and modelling approaches can be
summarized to help support sustainable urban transformations. [31]
Sustainability, as a socially constructed set of goals, lays out the
compromises and values of peoples and institutions for addressing
environmental integrity, social equity and economic feasibility in
particular places (Adams & Jeanrenaud, 2008; Beatley & Manning,
1997). Sustainability perhaps has its greatest use as a metaphorical vessel
for jointly considering environmental integrity, social equity and human
well-being. The best use of sustainability does not export negative effects
to the future, or to distant or disenfranchised peoples and places in any of
the three realms. Sustainability is not a fixed state, but a trajectory that
can be continually improved upon and balanced (Childers et al., 2014)
Resilience is a non-normative, scientific tool for understanding the
changes in complex systems that can either promote or inhibit the
societally determined goals of sustainability (Brand & Jax, 2007).
Although it has a metaphorical sense in public discourse, its greatest
value in promoting sustainability is as a model structure for
understanding how systems adjust to radical and surprising change. [31]
The adaptive cycle version of resilience is a trendy template. It is
special or carried out to precise conditions by figuring out the in-addition
fashions that include adaptive capacities that do or can exist in that
situation. Social and financial in addition to biophysical adaptive
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methods exist, of course, those engage within human ecosystems, of
which towns are possibly only the maximum apparent case [30].
Figure 55 - Hierarchy Diagram of Meta-city [30]
4.6 How do we measure ecosystem resilience?
The Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
(DELWP), in consultation with its research partners, has developed three
measures of ecosystem resilience which are tolerable fire intervals (TFI),
Geometric Mean Abundance (GMA) and Vegetation Growth Stage
Structure [29].
4.6.1 The Geometric Mean Abundance (GMA)
GMA of species is a biodiversity index that can be used to identify
landscape level trends in biodiversity. GMA provides a more
sophisticated approach to measuring ecosystem resilience than using TFI
alone, as it considers how well suited the whole landscape is for each
individual species and all species together. [29]
4.6.2 Vegetation Growth Stage Structure
Vegetation growth stage structure uses a range of information to
identify the mix of vegetation growth stages required to potentially
optimize biodiversity and hence enhance ecosystem resilience across the
landscape. TFI has been established by (DELWP) to be the initial and
intermediate metric for Ecosystem Resilience while GMA and
Vegetation Growth Stage Structure are further developed. [29]
4.7 Ecosystem services
4.7.1 Introduction
Ecosystem services are the full range of social, ecological, and
economic benefits that people obtain from nature. These services include
both biophysical (e.g., water, food, and fiber) and intangible (e.g.,
cultural or health) benefits. The concept originated in ecological
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economists’ attempts to assign monetary valuations to the goods and
services humans receive from naturally functioning ecosystems, so that
the full array of direct and indirect benefits is captured in environmental
policy, management, and decision making [33].
Provisioning Services: When people are asked to identify a service
provided by nature, most think of food. Fruits, vegetables, trees, fish, and
livestock are available to us as direct products of ecosystems. A
provisioning service is any type of benefit to people that can be extracted
from nature. Along with food, other types of provisioning services
include drinking water, timber, wood fuel, natural gas, oils, plants that
can be made into clothes and other materials, and medicinal benefits
[33].
Regulating Services: Ecosystems provide many of the basic services
that make life possible for people [34]. Plants clean air and filter water,
bacteria decompose wastes, bees pollinate flowers, and tree roots hold
soil in place to prevent erosion. All these processes work together to
make ecosystems clean, sustainable, functional, and resilient to change.
A regulating service is the benefit provided by ecosystem processes that
moderate natural phenomena. Regulating services include pollination,
decomposition, water purification, erosion and flood control, and carbon
storage and climate regulation [35].
Cultural Services As we interact and alter nature, the natural world
has in turn altered us. It has guided our cultural, intellectual, and social
development by being a constant force present in our lives [34]. The
importance of ecosystems to the human mind can be traced back to the
beginning of mankind with ancient civilizations drawing pictures of
animals, plants, and weather patterns on cave walls. A cultural service is
a non-material benefit that contributes to the development and cultural
advancement of people, including how ecosystems play a role in local,
national, and global cultures; the building of knowledge and the
spreading of ideas; creativity born from interactions with nature (music,
art, architecture); and recreation [36].
Supporting Services: The natural world provides so many services,
sometimes we overlook the most fundamental. Ecosystems themselves
couldn't be sustained without the consistency of underlying natural
processes, such as photosynthesis, nutrient cycling, the creation of soils,
and the water cycle. These processes allow the Earth to sustain basic life
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
forms, let alone whole ecosystems and people. Without supporting
services, provisional, regulating, and cultural services wouldn't exist
[36].
4.7.2 Millennium assessments of ecosystem services
The spatial assessment of ESs (Ecosystem Services) at the appropriate
scale and resolution by multi-functional urban green infrastructures (GIs)
is still needed. Therefore, understanding the spatial context is a key issue
for future urban plans, which would benefit from an ES spatial
assessment and GI design [33]. Recent experiences have demonstrated
how an ES assessment could support the multi-scalar deployment of GIs,
facilitating their integration into planning tools and making ESs
functional to the needs of planners and decision makers. These cases
showed how the spatial biophysical assessment of ESs through spatial
modelling makes a difference when dealing with the scale of urban
planning and the issue of mitigation/adaptation to climate change
associated with land transformations [35]. The proper utilization of GIS
models can assist, inform, and help assess biophysical ES provisions and
its spatial distribution in a spatially explicit manner, while also
considering the interaction between threats and source elements through
high-resolution assessments [37].
4.7.3 ecosystem services from theory to implementation
Through a contrasting point of entry, Olsson et al. explore the
strategies and actions that enabled the case of a recent transition to
ecosystem-based management by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Authority in Australia [37]. In this transition, the focus of governance
shifted from protection of selected individual reefs to stewardship of the
much larger-scale seascape. Olsson et al. identify management
innovations that greatly improved coordination of the scientific
community, public awareness, and involvement, and maneuvering of the
political system at critical times [37]. Although enabling legislation was
essential, it was not sufficient for shifting governance toward adaptive
co-management of the marine system [36].
Finally, we turn to China, with the world's largest population and fastest
growing economy among major nations [33]. Planned investments in
ecosystem service payments in China exceed 700 billion Yuan (1 US$ ≈
7.4 Yuan), a magnitude matched by the ambition in their goals, the
massive scales over which they operate, and their potentially enormous
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impacts [33]. Liu et al. review China's foremost two ecosystem service
programs, the Natural Forest Conservation Program, and the Grain to
Green Program. To realize the potential for these programs to benefit
China and the rest of the world, Liu et al. call for more systematic
planning, diversified funding, effective compensation, integrated
research, and comprehensive monitoring [33].
4.8 Case Studies
4.8.1 Antalya, Turkey
Background
Antalya, located on Anatolia's southwest coast and bounded by the
Taurus Mountains, is the largest Turkish city on the Mediterranean coast
outside of the Aegean region, with a population of over one million
people [38].
Figure 56 - Antalya Map [39]
In accordance with the topographic structure, Antalya has been
considered in two zones upward zone and downward zone. The height of
downward zone from the sea level is (40-150m) and the height of upward
zone from the sea level is (250-300m). The residential area of the city
center is situated at the 40-150 m height downward zone [38].
Element for environmental resilience in Antalya
First by Improving water supply and sewerage treatment to keep pace
with population growth and tourism. Water Supply Network, Antalya
City's water supply has been supplied via deep wells drilled at a depth of
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28-300 meters [40]. It is estimated that 95% of the demand has been met
by deep wells, Antalya City's water network, which was built before
1996, has failed to fulfil expectations for a variety of reasons. Because of
the increasing pace of civilization, the capacity of the pipes cannot satisfy
the needs. As a result, many building contracts were awarded in the
framework of the "Antalya Water
Supply and Sanitation Project"
between 1996 and 2003. The length of the water network and the number
of dwelling connections were extended between 2007 and 2009, from
1.921 kilometers to 2.594 kilometers [38].
In 2006, the Antalya water supply network's SCADA system was
installed. The SCADA system controls water supply and distribution
units as well as the network system itself. This system can regulate all
service reservoirs and pumps within the network, and if any pressure or
water loss occurs as a result of failures/pipe fractures, the system will
assist in taking prompt action as shown in figure 57 Flow rate and
residual chlorine levels may also be estimated and monitored at various
locations across the network [40].
Figure 57 -Water Cistern and Pumping Stations Controlled by SCADA System [40]
System of Sewerage, Antalya Metropolitan Municipality Water and
Wastewater Administration has completed a total of 1.036.534,29 m of
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sewerage network with 239,332,56 m housing connections as part of the
Municipal Services Project [40].
Reflection on our project (take-outs)
Matrouh has less average per capita pure water produced, compared to
Cairo, as shown in figure 58, while it has two different pure water source
wells and desalination [24]. Which can be expanded and cover the
average per capita pure water produced. Applying SCAD (supervisory
control and data acquisition) The system is expected to prevent both
physical and illegal water losses in the network, and these properties
make this system more efficient (Author). Matrouh has less average
per capita pure water produced, compared to Cairo, as shown in figure
58, while it has two different pure water source wells and desalination
[24]. Which can be expanded and cover the average per capita pure water
produced. Applying SCAD (supervisory control and data acquisition)
The system is expected to prevent both physical and illegal water losses
in the network, and these properties make this system more efficient
(Author).
180
179
178
177
Cairo
Matrouh
176
175
174
173
Average per capita pure water produced m3
Figure 58 - Average per capita pure water produced in M3 (Author
using CAPMAS data)
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
4.8.2 KOBE, Japan.
Background
It is situated on the southern side of Honsh's main island, on the north
bank of Osaka Bay, about 30 kilometers west of Osaka. The city, which
has a population of around 1.5 million people, is part of the Keihanshin
metropolitan region, which also includes Osaka and Kyoto [41].
Figure 59 - KOBE Map - Google Earth
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Elements for environmental resilience in KOBE
Kobe’s investments in infrastructure to prepare for natural disasters
have been planned in the Restoration Plan (1995), A new public transport
system, -either a bus rapid transit or a light rail transit- could increase
access to services and jobs, and Kobe has developed an innovative water
reservoir and water pipes to ensure emergency water supply. the
earthquakes have damaged the pipelines in this city and in this region
specially, so it is reported that pipe network damaged, so the utilities
have been strengthening its efforts to improve earthquake resistance in
the network based on age of it and its condition the system mainly works
by the signals that send by the seismometer that detect earthquake these
signal shutoff the water flow to the pipes network to secure drinking
water in the paired reservoirs as shown in figure 60 [42].
Figure 60- Paired Emergency Water Storage System, Kobe City [42]
Reflections on our project (take-outs)
Development of an emergency water storage system, and seismic
retrofitting of facilities including pipelines ensures the satiability of water
availability and helps to prevent the leakage in pipe system which can
harm the structure of building and, this system can control and
monitoring the consumption of the water in our project to make it more
resilient, sustainable, and eco-friendly project. So, the consumption of
the water will be manageable by the responsible institute [Author].
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4.8.3 Kyoto, Japan
Background
Kyoto city is the former capital of Japan and home to over 1.4 million
people. The city is the capital of Kyoto prefecture, located in the western
region of Japan, and it is one of the major metropolitan areas in the
country. The median age of residents is 45.6 years (Government of
Japan, 2021b). The city is also famous as a global tourist destination
[43].
Figure 61 - Kyoto Map - Google earth
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Element for environmental resilience in Kyoto.
Adequate natural resources are available, thermal power replaced
nuclear power which harm the environment. Thermal power is a source
of electricity used after the Great East Japan Earthquake. and Kyoto
developed some renewable energy facilities to ensure adequate energy
supply to enhance urban resilience. Such as wind turbines and solar
panels as shown in figure 62 [43].
Figure 62 - Wind turbines and solar panels - [44]
Reflections on our project (Take-outs)
Considering the hot climate nature in the site as shown in the site
analysis (environmental analysis) at [2.2.2 Wind speed analysis] & [2.2.3
Renewable energy]solar panels would be a great add to the project as the
clear sky and the verticality of the sun would be very effective and the
nature of the costal site have a relative fast wind which will provide more
energy [Author].
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4.9 Concluded Remarks
4.9.1 Design/ Implementation Steps
We get from this research that we need multiple steps to reach the
ecosystem resilience, we Determine the main objectives on which we
will base our project, then a design step that mainly includes research
starts, after that the master plan is made as a preliminary version using
one of the main objectives, then it gets updated by adding the aspects and
requirements of each objective, till at the final step we integrate the
objectives reaching a final master plan ready for implementation.
Figure 63 - Methodology: integration of four general objectives in a yearly process of design
research, master planning, and building/implementing ecological projects.
4.9.2 take-outs/Design recommendations
Our project is special due to the shore presence and that we got the
water to enter our project and form natural lakes, ponds, water paths,
bridges, and most importantly the seashore itself. So, dealing with our
project ecologically is going to need much more carefulness and details
to be able to call our project ecologically resilient, in the following
paragraphs we see the take-outs to our project presented in possible
techniques to be used in our project to enhance its ecological resilience
[45].
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Trickling Trail
Rainwater from the site's surrounding structures is collected and
flowed through the trickling route as it passes through the open area on
its way to the pond. It offers milder temperatures and the foundation for
the formation of natural plants along this journey. The floating gardens,
which are in the man-made water basin in front of the Industrial Design
Engineering college, are a part of the Trickling Trail [46]. The plants that
cover the floating gardens cleanse the water, enhancing the living
conditions of the flora and animals. The gardens are constructed from
PVC tubes and filled with old plastic bottle caps. A variety of species can
breed along the "Trickling Trail.", After realizing this, the geese and
coots began breeding on the floating [47].
Figure 64 - Trickling Trail [46]
Bee Burrows
In the wild, solitary bees and bumblebees will look for ideal locations
to make their nests, such as in holes in dead wood or open, sandy soil. It
can be challenging for wild bees to identify these areas in our too
planned and orderly cities. To replicate the circumstances that wild bees
will seek out to establish their nests, artificial nesting locations will be
made available. The nesting locations will be dispersed across the
campus, serving as various nesting kinds that correspond to the
ecosystems and the intended engagement or lack thereof with campus
visitors [29]. Bee burrows are substantial nesting structures. These will
serve as substantial hotspots in the so-called "nectar necklace," offering
loamy sand habitat for subterranean nesting and, to a lesser extent, holes
in wood and stems for nesting. On campus, two bee burrows have been
discovered. A wide range of wild bee species, including those that nest
underground and above ground, can find a place to nest in the bee
burrow. A sand-based, south-facing half-moon is the basic shape of a bee
burrow. There are three basic components: steep, loamy sand-covered
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edges; flat, humus-poor soil with little to no vegetation; and a variety of
holes in wood and stems [48].
Figure 65 - Bee Burrows [46]
Peat Gardens
The centerpiece of the peat garden is a pond with inlets made by
braiding willow twigs. These inlets are covered with Sphagnum peat and
filled with soil. Over the course of a few years, this peat will increase in
size and, if the environment is adequate, it will spill over the surrounding
region [47]. There are several varieties of peat, Sphagnum is utilized for
this project since it places the highest demands on its surroundings. Other
peat species will probably be able to thrive on the other sites on campus
if this Sphagnum experiment is a success. Peat has the capacity to store
significant amounts of carbon, helping to achieve the target of being
carbon neutral by 2030 [48].
Figure 66 - Peat Gardens [46]
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Rain Pavilion
The goal of the design is to enjoy the water and combat the urban heat
island effect by promoting a more humid and cooler microclimate. This
will enable a fresh viewpoint on water, embracing water as a joyful and
participatory element bringing joy to our daily lives. As a result, the
design is motivated by examples found in nature, such as stalactites and
willow trees, and it uses hanging branches and water drips to create a
secluded, chilly, and damp environment. This rain pavilion adds the
element of engagement and experience while generating a setting
reminiscent of a willow tree [42]. The Dutch method of establishing dry
land produced an unbalanced and weakly resilient ecology. The rain
pavilion thereby emphasizes the significance of the natural water cycle as
opposed to conventional water management, which aims to dump the
water as soon as possible. The pavilion educates visitors on the necessity
of restoring our wetland ecosystems and engages them in the rain and
evaporation processes that occur naturally. The cycle is closed when
humans work the pump, allowing water to be filtered, irrigated into the
cloud ceiling, and then dumped back into the pond. Additionally, natural
infiltration promotes a more diverse ecosystem and healthy soil to fend
off salinization and land subsidence. People will participate in the water
system and embrace the rain they produce through this pavilion [47].
Figure 67 - Rain Pavilion [46]
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Integration between techniques
The master plan's development and expansion, together with the
creation and implementation of an increasing number of ecointerventions, link immediate realization to the developing overarching
vision. During the study phase, a gradual and faster accomplishment of
ecological goals that also demonstrate expansions across the entire
campus becomes apparent [48].
Figure 68 - integration between Resilience techniques [49]
As shown in figure 68, we see Individual eco-interventions to an
embedded ecological framework: transformative ecology projects
completed in 2019; projects completed in 2020; projects completed in
2021; and projects completed in 2019 [29].
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Structural Features
Levees
A levee is a natural or man-made wall that prevents water from
flowing in the wrong directions. Levees can be used to enhance the
amount of land that is suitable for human habitation or to redirect water
so that fertile river or ocean bottom soil can be utilized for farming. They
stop storm surges from rivers flooding cities. However, the results of a
levee breaking can be severe. Earth is typically used to build levees [50].
A natural levee is formed when silt is pushed to one side by the flow of a
body of water. A river's banks are frequently only slightly higher than the
riverbed. Sediment, silt, and other materials are pushed aside by the
flowing water to form levees along the banks. Levees can help direct the
flow of a river because they are typically parallel to the river's course.
We can use the levees to reduce the water impacts on the shore and save
tides [50].
Figure 69 – Levees [50]
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Breakwater
A breakwater is a man-made offshore structure used to shield harbors,
anchorages, or marina basins from swells. Breakwaters stop longshore
currents from eroding the shoreline. An everlasting construction called a
breakwater is built along a coastline to fend off tides, currents, waves,
and storm surges [51]. Breakwaters are erected as a part of a coastal
management system to reduce erosion and to safeguard anchorages,
helping to separate vessels within them from maritime dangers such prop
washes and wind-driven waves [51]. A breakwater, often referred to as a
jetty in certain settings, may be freestanding or attached to land, and it
may have a road or walkway allowing access by car. Smaller structures
on the beach, often perpendicular to the water's edge, may be constructed
on beaches where longshore drift threatens to erode beach material. Their
effect on the waves and current is meant to limit longshore drift and deter
beach debris mobilization. It is more common to refer to them as groins
in this context [52].
Figure 70 - Representative Cross Section of Various types of breakwaters, Rubble mound types
on the left and the monolithic types on the right [52]
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Groins
Groins are shore perpendicular structures, used to maintain updrift
beaches or to restrict longshore sediment transport. By design, these
structures are meant to capture sand transported by the longshore current;
this depletes the sand supply to the beach area immediately down-drift of
the structure. In response, down-drift property managers often install
groins on adjacent properties to counteract the increased erosion, leading
to a cascading effect of groin installation [53].
Figure 71 – Groins [53]
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Seawalls or Revetments
At the transition between the (higher) mainland or dune and the lowlying (sandy) beach, seawalls or revetments are shore parallel
constructions. The complete height between the beach and the mainland's
surface level is frequently filled by the height of a barrier. In many
instances, a horizontal stone-covered portion is located nearby at the
crest of a barrier (e.g., boulevard; road; or parking places). A seawall is
first built-in close proximity to where the foot of the dune is. A seawall is
described in the current text as a nearly vertical construction. It is
believed that the seawall's seaward side is rather smooth [54].
A revetment is a shore-parallel construction, exactly as a seawall. The
primary distinction is that it slopes more steeply than a seawall. The
surface of a revetment may be smooth or rough (a seawall is mostly
smooth), it may not completely fill the height difference between the
beach and the mainland (a seawall frequently covers the entire height
difference), and it has a distinct slope (such as 1:2 or 1:4). A seawall is
frequently almost vertical [33].
The definitions for both seawall and revetment are a little bit different.
See also the page Revetments for further details on the many types, traits,
and applications of revetments. See also Seawall for more general
information on seawalls [27].
Figure 72 - seawalls and revetments [54]
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Storm surge gates
Flood barriers and storm surge gates are permanent structures that
normally permit water to flow through but feature doors or bulkheads
that may be shut to stop flooding during storm surges or spring tides.
They have the power to block a river's or waterway's sea outlet. These
barriers frequently work in conjunction with other flood protection
measures like dikes, seawalls, and beach replenishment, and they may be
large infrastructure systems that need expensive construction [55].
Barriers against storm surges are often employed to safeguard
infrastructure and metropolitan areas that have been severely impacted
by storm surges and sea floods. Therefore, they are not very common in
Europe. Storm surge gates and flood barriers are not commonly used due
to their high cost and probable negative effects. They were constructed to
safeguard infrastructure and populated regions where storm surges and
sea floods can cause serious damage [55]. This data sheet concentrates on
three of the biggest hurdles now in place or under development in Europe
as a result:
•
•
•
At a location where the Thames River is roughly 520 meters
wide, immediately east of the City of London, the Thames Barrier
in London can block off the river [56].
The 360-meter-wide shipping canal between Rotterdam and the
North Sea is closed by the Maeslantkering gate on the Niew
Waterway (the gate itself consists of 2 wings, 210 m wide and 22
m high each) [56].
The three exits from the Lagoon of Venice to the Adriatic Sea are
being blocked off by the Venice barriers, popularly known as the
"Mose" system. About 1.6 kilometers of the bridge are covered in
total (in construction) [56].
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•
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Other examples include a storm surge barrier for St. Petersburg
and the Ijssel Barrier, in addition to other Dutch projects [56].
Figure 74 -
Figure 73 - Storm surges [56]
Summary
Table of Benefits (Functions) and performance factors for the structural features [57]
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5.Innovation Park
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5.1 Overview
The main direction in this thesis is towards the creation of an
innovation/technology park for the university-city, "Innovation" is seen
as a crucial tool for the advancement and expansion of civilization. It
turns out to be essential for not only for-profit businesses but also for
government organizations and academic institutions [58]. Although each
of these groups has its own cutting-edge programs, it has been
demonstrated that the three organizations’ combined efforts provide
greater outcomes, according to a triple helix model (university,
government, business) [59]. The COVID-19 epidemic has given the
government-university-business partnership program a fresh push in a
way that has never been seen before, even though it has been in place for
many years. To achieve a greener, more technologically advanced, and
more resilient Europe, the European Community, for instance, has set
aside NextGenerationEU funds (about €750 billion) to assist in repairing
the economic and social damage [59].
An innovation park is a park/space designed specifically for innovation
and to create a setting that would permit the localization of different techrelated businesses [58]. In order to improve the operations of tech firms,
it is a development that combines office space, residential communities,
and retail projects, offering varied advantages and economies of scale to
each unique corporate organization, due to the fact that it is present in our
university-city so it could act as a great integration opportunity between
the market and students specially in science and engineering majors
which are dominant in our university as to be shown in section “6.2.1
Functional Requirements” [59].
Innovation parks are locations created and curated to draw businessminded individuals, talented workers, knowledge-intensive companies,
and investments. They do this by creating and combining a variety of
infrastructural, institutional, scientific, technological, educational, and
social assets, as well as value-added services, to promote sustainable
economic growth and prosperity for the community [60].
In this section we will discuss the methodology from which we decided
the program and the final program concluded from these methods
[Author].
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5.2 Methodology
In this report we are dedicated to get an efficient program for the
project which takes into consideration the main aspects our project
revolves around, for starters, the three main pillars that are the base of
our project since the beginning which are the educational, business and
political pillars, they are applied into the main program inducing aspects
which are the functional requirement of the project, site requirements and
resilience (Theme) requirements, each of theme abiding and providing
for the three main pillars of the project.
We are reaching to our program using the analysis and research
presented in chapters 2,3 and 4, where we presented the project’s site
analysis from all ecological aspects weather biotic or abiotic, and by
commenting and observing the site’s surroundings and also by deciding
on the theme which the ecological resilience, we came to the conclusion
that there are certain spaces required for each of these aspects to be able
to reach sufficient efficiency for our project according to its three main
pillars.
The pillars and the aspects previously mentioned provides us with
necessary information to increase the projects’ efficiency, yet we needed
to find a reliable source to get to the projects’ functional data without
compromises as it is the most important aspect of the functional
requirements, to conclude these requirements we need case studies for
the same project’s function to be able to induce the required spaces for
our project.
The selection criteria of the case studies, we choose the case studies
depending on the functionality of the project and the benefit we get from
it, we get the ratios between the spaces and the layout, the case studies
needs to be connected to a university or have an educational purpose, the
area isn’t a crucial aspect yet it is needed to be a reliable area to be able
to have the elements included in our project, last but not least the
program data should be available to be able to perform suitable analysis
and induce the required spaces for our project.
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The research had a lot of limitations, for starters is that the site location is
far from the designer’s residence so site visits are hard, and the site’s
location is in a zone to be developed so the roads are not fully paved so
we cannot access freely. Furthermore, the project’s function isn’t
abundant so we cannot visit similar projects to check the environment or
check the user’s satisfaction with related activities.
Site
Function
3 Pillars
(Educational,
Business and
Political)
Theme
Figure 75 – Methodology [By Author]
5.3 Case Studies
5.3.1 Yunlong Digital and Technology Park
Background
The project located in Zhuzhou, China with an area of 395,000 sqm.
Designed by NAUTA architecture & research in 2011. project Status is
ongoing the project total building area is 787.413, and the floor area ratio
is 2 it consists of Offices, housing, retail, hotel, congress center and
cultural facilities [61].
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Program
There are four main elements in the project. First element is the offices
with building area of 418,467 sqm which is consider as 53% of the total
building area. Second element is the housing with building area of
245,111 sqm which is consider as 31% of total building area the third
element is the services and retail with building area of 93,235 which
consider as 12% of the total building area. Fourth and the last element is
the hotel with building area of 31,600 sqm which is consider as 4% of
total building area as shown in figure 76 [By Author based on [61].
4%
12%
31%
53%
Housing
Offices
Services
Hotel
Figure 76 - Project's Macro Program (By Author)
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Detailed Program
In more detail the housing sector consists of three parts selling
apartment, rental apartment, and luxury villas. First selling apartment
with 164,486 sqm building area which considered as 67% of the
housing sector. Second part is the rental apartment with 61,425 sqm
building area considered as 23% of housing sector. Third part is the
luxury villas with 24,511 building area considered as 10% of the housing
sector [62].
The office sector consists of two parts headquarters and retail offices.
First part is the retail offices with 398,007 sqm building area considered
as 95% of the office sector. Second part is the headquarters with 20,460
sqm building area considered as 5% of the offices sector [62].
The services and retail sector divided in to main two parts services and
retail. First services consist of eight components. Canteen with 3,415
sqm building area, restaurant 4,250 sqm building area, club with 5,360
sqm building area, gym with 5,360 sqm building area, café with 3,415
sqm building area, banquet with 5,265 sqm building area, business
exhibition space with 5,000 sqm building area, and auditorium
conference center with 5,000 sqm building area. second part is the retail
consists of six components. Library with 7,315 sqm building area, culture
center with 7,315 sqm building area, administration with 5,000 sqm
building area, indoor sport with 10,500 sqm building area, cinema with
7,000 sqm building area, and showrooms with 2,500 sqm building area
[Author based on [62].
Last sector is the hotel sector which is not divided into part as shown in
figure 77.
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 77 - Main Program [62]
Program By Block
As shown in figure 78 the layout has been separated into five blocks and
every block has its own area, floor area ratio, footprint, and total floors
area fist three blocks contains the offices zone, and the fourth and fifth
block contain the housing and hotel zones and each of them has part of
the services zone [By Author].
Figure 78 - Program by block [Author Based on [62]]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Block one has an area of 66,951 sqm, floors area 127,206 sqm, footprint
14,200 sqm and floor area ratio 1.9. consists of retail offices with an area
of 94,752, headquarters with an area of 9,192 sqm, commercial with an
area of 3557 sqm, and services with an area of 19,705. as shown in figure
78 [Author Based on [63]].
Block two has an area of 62,230 sqm, floors area 118,029 sqm, footprint
10,776 sqm and floor area ratio 1.9. consists of retail offices with an area
of 107,155, headquarters with an area of 5,124 sqm, and services with an
area of 6,105. as shown in figure 79 [Author Based on [63]].
Block three has an area of 94,919 sqm, floors area 227,805 sqm,
footprint 50,536 sqm and floor area ratio 2.4. consists of retail offices
with an area of 205,566, commercial with an area of 6,732 sqm, and
services with an area of 8,686 as shown in figure 78 [Author Based on
[61]].
Block four has an area of 64,273 sqm, floors area 109,264 sqm, footprint
14,001 sqm and floor area ratio 1.7. consists of Selling apartment with an
area of 54,600, luxury villas with an area of 19,200 sqm, commercial
with an area of 24,210 sqm, and services with an area of 3,301. as shown
in figure 78 [Author Based on [62].
Block five has an area of 89,566 sqm, floors area 214,958 sqm, footprint
15,051 sqm and floor area ratio 2.4. consists of Selling apartment with an
area of 106,185, rental apartment with an area of 61,425 sqm, hotel with
an area of 31,600 sqm, and services with an area of 13,173. as shown in
figure 77 [Author Based on [63]].
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 79 - Pie charts of blocks area distribution [By Author]
5.3.2 Innovation Park Medway
Background
Innovation Park Medway is a new home for companies involved in
technology, precise engineering, manufacturing, and highly skilled
support services [64].
The project take place at Maidstone Rd Chatham, England. With an area
of 43.7 feddan which is 183,606 sqm [64].
Program
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 80 - Projects Macro Zoning [By author based on [64]]
The total area of the development plots is 43.7 feddan contains 5% of
existing landscape area which is 9,180 sqm, 12% existing road network
which is 22,032 sqm and 8% of public realm which is 14,688 sqm. The
other 75% of the land is the actual development area which is 137,704
sqm the development plot has 37% footprint which is 67,934 sqm and
38% landscape which is 69,770 sqm as shown in figure 80 [Author based
on [64].
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Building Types
Figure 81 - B1, B2 Ground Plans
The IPM master plan has two different buildings type of building B1 and
B2. The B2 building has three different space categories. B1 building is
mix of commercial and office building [65]. B2 building is for industrial
activities and its area can be one thousand sqm, one thousand and half
sqm, or two thousand sqm this mix achieve developing and innovating
environment. Transforming from research and development (theoretical
space) (B1) to the operational space (B2) as shown in figure 81 [65].
Detailed Program
The projected placement of B1 Business employment spaces along the
principal gateway spine that enters the northern site is a crucial element.
The objective is to create active frontages on important routes to provide
natural monitoring of well-used pedestrian routes and always promote a
sense of safety as shown in figure 81 [Author based on [66]].
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
IPM has an area of total floor plan 79,774 sqm contains The office
building(B1) footprint is between 500-1000 sqm and has total area of
23,700 sqm (15%), industrial activity building (B2) with 1000 sqm
footprint has total floor area 2000 sqm which is 1% of the total floor plan
area, industrial activity building (B2) with footprint between1000-2000
sqm has total floor area 19,900 sqm which is 13% of the total floor plan
area, industrial activity building (B2) with more than 2000 sqm footprint
has total floor area 55,048 sqm which is 36% of the total floor plan area
and multi-story carpark with total area of 54,000 with is 35% of the total
floor area as shown in figure 83 [67].
Figure 82 master plan building use analysis [67]
B1 offices
15%
1%
35%
B2 idusterial
1000sqm
13%
36%
B2
idusterial1500sq
m
B2
idusterial2000sq
m
Figure 83 - Total floor area chart [author based on [67]]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
5.3.3 Hoa Lac National Innovation Centre
Background
Vietnam's Hao Lac National Innovation Center serves as a model for
the local way of life. This unusual form serves as a signpost for the
stepped rice terraces and the lotus flower. It transitions a significant
development in investment attraction, scientific and technological
advancement with a view to creating high-tech core goods. The
innovation center has a land project area of 350000 m2 and is situated in
Hanoi, Vietnam [68].
Design
The massing of NIC blends itself gently into the water bodies, drawing
inspiration from lotus blossoms and rice terraces. This blurs the lines
between the public and private spheres, encourages social interaction,
and establishes the appropriate setting. Its outside landscaping,
sustainable building practices, and biophilic design provide a distinctive
constructed form for both the users and the larger neighborhood [69].
Figure 84 - Master Plan [97]
Figure 85 - Conceptual Sketch [97]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
In the first stage, the triangular site allows for a strong visual connection
to the surroundings as well as beyond. The architecture enables a primary
focal point, which serves as the hub of collaboration for the innovation
center. The radial shape of the center creates a succession of spatial
hierarchies, allowing for additional public and semi-public space within
the footprint. The eight-petal lotus Exoskeleton enables rich massing,
defining a building as a single, four, or eight-pronged entity. The petals
are layered on various levels. Terrace outside is a biophilic green space.
Connecting floor lung Since every floor leads back to the atrium,
connections between diverse functions are possible. The building is
designed with abundant greening around it is terraces and exterior space
[59].
Figure 86 - 3D shot [97]
Program
Hao Lac National Innovation Center strives to improve human resource
training facilities, benefiting society. 14,500 people have access to
employment opportunities at the Hoa Lac Hi-tech Park, with less than
1% of them being foreigners. Moreover, half of the 14,500 professionals
and 9,500 students who live in the innovation center are university
graduates [68].
In particular, the Vietnam Space Centre, the Vietnam Metrology
Institute, and other testing centers, businesses in the park have
strengthened links to develop high-tech products to add value, replace
imports, and enter the global market. Research institutes and applied
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
research centers are directly related to the production development of
enterprises [70].
Innovation
center
11%
retail
35%
20%
mice
Mixed use
11%
23%
Hotel
Figure 89 - Footprint ratios [ Author based on [97]]
Innovation center
23%
25%
retail
mice
Mixed use
6%
17%
Hotel
20%
lake
9%
Figure 88 - Zones Area [Author based on [97]]
Innovation center
retail
20%
33%
mice
15%
Mixed use
Hotel
5%
8%
lake
20%
Figure 87 - Landscape area [Author based on [97]]
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Retail, Restaurants
Innovation Center
Entertainment,
convention, and
Exhibition
Boutique Hotel
Health
Wellness,
Services
Apartments,
and Sports
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Figure 90 - Macro Zoning [Author based on [97]]
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
5.3.4 Agora Technology Park
Background
The Ágora Tech Park was created by Estúdio Módulo, it was finished in
the year of 2019, it has an area of 7917 square meter, it is located in the
city of Joinville in Brazil, there are no distinctions on the floor between
the inside and the outside, nor are there barriers to access the large, but
outdoor, covered space. It is the central void that integrates all floors where
all the building activities converge to it. All the functions of access,
circulation, being and public gatherings come together, the latter were
interconnected in two building blocks of activity: the smaller is more
compartmentalized and fuller of small spaces such as meeting rooms,
pantries, toilets, stairs and elevators; The largest is an office-free floor plan
with classroom division and layout independent of structure [71].
Figure 92 - Agora shot 1 [71]
Figure 91 - Agora Shot 2 [71]
Program
The agora technology park contains agora hub, future services,
accommodations, restaurant, institutional building, those parts are shown
in figure 93, then it has a program of agora hub which is 3 % of its area,
locations for future services which is 3 % of its area 7%, accommodations
which is 1% of its area, a restaurant which is less than 1% of its area, an
institutional building which is 1% of its area, a parking that is 16% of its
area, car roads that is 11%, pedestrian roads that is 17%, and lastly a green
area which is 44% of its area, all ratios are as shown in figure 97, While
the two upper floors follow full orthogonality, the ground floor contains a
plan that combines more diverse and heterogeneous environments. On the
larger side, there is the food court and the auditorium. In the square, two
restaurants and a cafe are surrounded by dozens of dining tables and
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seating areas - the room is surrounded by glass which ensures full
transparency with the outside. On the other hand, the auditorium has a
Elizabethan stage and 200 seats in the audience. three modular meeting
rooms (integrable depending on the occasion) and the administration [72].
Figure 94 - Program Pie Chart [Author based on
[72]]
Figure 93 - Program Layout Zones [72]
5.3.5 NFU and SZU Advanced Technology Park
Background
The NFU and SZU Advanced Technology Park was created by Jaeger and
Partner Architects, it was finished in the year of 2016, it has an area of
528,000 square meter, it is in the city of Shenzhen in China, the new
technology park provides an enhanced environment and a platform for
technological research. The project comprises IT incubator, R&D office,
medical instruments development and entrepreneurship services.
Figure 96 - NFU/SZU Shot 2
The
[73]
conceptual approach acknowledges nature as an invaluable
resource. The
design strategy preserves natural site features, notably an ancient burial
Figure 95 - NFU/SZU Shot 1 [73]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
mound hill and an existing military boundary while introducing a central
landscape spline negotiating between the existing site features [73].
Program
The project comprises IT incubator, R&D office, medical instruments
development and entrepreneurship services. The campus is envisioned as
a city with four main districts defining physical zones, which they are
District of Inspiration with a 10%, and it contains Entrepreneurship
Incubator Center, ‘District of Investigation’ with a 22%, and it contains
Medical Instruments & Meters, ‘District of Knowledge’ with a 15%, and
it contains Entrepreneurship & District Service Center, and lastly ‘District
of Realization’ with a 15%, and it contains Outsourcing Services, the four
zones are shown in figure 97 and in figure 98 [74].
Figure 97 - Districts Ratios [author based on [74]]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 98 - Layout Zoning [Author based on [74]]
while the unifying landscape becomes the campus’ green lungs. These
districts reflect specific programmatic functions of Medical Instruments &
Meters in the south-west, Laboratories and Research in the north-west,
Entrepreneurship Incubator Center in the north and A-class offices in the
east. The districts are oriented towards the dedicated central landscape –
the organizational, environmental, and social element [74].
District of Realization zone has Outsourcing Services buildings which are
three with a 19%, a green network of 45%, and lastly a road network of
36% as shown in figure 102, while the District of Knowledge contains
Entrepreneurship and District Service Centers of a 18%, a green network
of 52%, and lastly a road network of 30% as shown in figure 103, while
the District of Investigation contains medical faculties of a 13%, labs for
researching of a 18%, %, a green network of 52%, and lastly a road
network of 30% as shown in figure 102, while the District of Inspiration
contains three Entrepreneurship Incubator Center of a 18%,a green
network of 52%, and lastly a road network of 30% as shown in figure 102
[73].
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19%
45%
36%
Figure 100 - pie chart of District of
Realization zone [Author based on [73]]
Figure 102 - pie chart of District of
Investigation zone [Author based on [73]]
Figure 99 - pie chart of District of knowledge zone
[Author based on [73]]
Figure 101 - pie chart of District of
Inspiration zone [Author based on [73]]
5.4 Program
5.4.1 Functional Requirements
Determining the volume-spatial solution schemes aids in placing their
components logically since the territorial limits have an impact on the
size and style of the architectural formation of IP. Thus, appropriate pre96 | P a g e
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established standard schemes may be employed based on the
requirements of the current urban planning [75].
An IP (Innovation Park) can be a village, a complex, or a multipurpose
structure from an architectural standpoint. A fundamental IP comprises
offices, labs, training spaces, workshops, and production halls [76].
Figure 103 - Innovation Park Structures [75]
However, the new ideas for the twenty-first century also include places
for IPs to enjoy leisure and culture. While IPs frequently comprise both
permanent and temporary residential areas, blocks, and districts, they are
dependent on experts and specialists and should not be positioned too far
from residential areas. Science Parks are divided into four classes
depending on their geographical size: small, medium, big, and gigantic
(IASP, 2006–2007) [77]. These divisions serve as the foundation for
their urban and architectural planning. Larger IPs may emerge and be
created by potentially lesser ones. One to more than 100 hectares make
up their territorial range. They might take the structural shape of a town,
a city, a region, a structure, or a complex (Technopoles) [77].
From the previous paragraphs and section, 1.1 Project Description, we
understand that our project is a medium sized IP which are mostly
complexes, Districts, towns or blocks, which are specialized innovation
centers, or have two fields of activity (science and technology Parks), It
refers to the presence of manufacturing and scientific zones. Although
there are just three primary zones in an IP, they frequently only have one
activity area (business parks) [76].
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These IPs' constituent parts are buildings. Bridges are another option for
connecting these structures. Complexes typically have an area between 1
and 30 ha for urban types (medium IP) and between 30 and 100 ha for
ancillary blocks and extra-urban towns (large IP). Rental areas in
complex IP typically range from 600 to 2000 m2 for medium-sized
businesses. They typically have 2,000 functioning structures with
workrooms and units for 10 to 30 personnel [77].
In a medium-sized IP, special service, science, and production units take
up 40% of the space, management units 5%, general services 10%, and
landscape areas (including sanitary planting zones, pedestrian and car
roads, reserve territory, and temporary residential areas) 45% of the
space (according to Lilueva, 2011, 91: 43%, 15%, 7%, 32%) [Details in
Glossary]. Even if the scale of functional units is bigger than it is for tiny
IP, their percentage falls as the size of the landscape increases. Reserve
spaces for future expansions must be included. You can plant these
regions till the following construction as shown in figure 104 [76].
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Figure 104 - Analysis of the IP’s functional units in the form of a building and a complex [75]
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Figure 105 - Schematic proposition for a medium IP [75]
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5.4.2 Theme and Site Requirements
With the allocation of 10% of the land area of the innovation garden
for wheat cultivation, and taking into account that an acre of wheat
produces 2550 kilograms of wheat annually, the total wheat productivity
is 15300 kilograms [78], and thus achieving 10.7% of the human
consumption of the residents of the student city and the workers in the
innovation park, since the average human consume almost 72 KG of
wheat annually. living in the project in the housing sector, the wheat crop
can be sown in the period from 15 to 25 November until the first week of
December [79].
As for the method used in treating wheat seeds, it consists of cooling the
wheat for a specific period, in which the wheat is planted at different
times, and then the duration of the crop’s stay in the soil is shortened to
about half of the time, which gives an opportunity to increase the
cultivated area. of wheat during one season, which works to increase the
wheat harvest, fill the food gap, and reach self-sufficiency [80].
So, by using previous technique we get to produce 20% of the project’s
consumption of wheat, contributing to the economic resilience of the
project and improving the environmental resilience, since the soil in the
site is already adapted to wheat farming [Author based on [80]].
To enhance the environmental resilience even more, we can use a
healthier way for the soil to recuperate, so we can use peat moss and turn
the farms into peat gardens in the remaining eight months of the year
where wheat isn’t farmed [Author based on section (4.10.1)].
Figure 106 - Peat moss [Google Images (2022)]
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Figure 107 – Wheat [Google Images (2022)]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
5.4.3 Final Program
For our project to work and be successful on the minimum level, it is
needed to have the perfect distribution of spaces along the area, since the
innovation park is built upon 60 feddan, and by going back to the
standards mentioned in section 5.4.1, we conclude that the offices and
workshops would use up to 21 feddan (including heir landscape), and 6
feddans for the general services and utilities of the park, 3 feddans as an
expedition zone for the students and companies/startups, and 3 feddans
for the management units of the park, and a total of 27 feddan of
common landscape to serve and provide environmental and social
resilience for the whole park as shown in figure 108.
Figure 108 - Macro Program for the innovation park [By Author]
For the landscape, as the largest zone in our project, it includes the
widest variety of activities, for starters as the main dividers, we get the
roads (vehicular and Pedestrian) which makes up to 8.1 feddan, and a
farming zone to be able to enhance the project’s resilience both economic
and environmental on an area of 6 feddan for the reasons mentioned in
the previous section, and 6 feddan for reserve zone that could be rented
for events and student’s activities and exhibitions, and 3 feddans for
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cafeterias and break areas, and 3.9 feddans for green spaces to enhance
air quality and environmental resilience, as shown in figure 109.
Figure 109 - landscape program [By Author]
For the management, it includes administration offices that has around
1.2 feddan footprint for buildings and around 1 feddan for the plazas and
connecting networks and 0.8 feddan green and open spaces.
Figure 110 - Management program [ By Author]
For the general Services zone it includes a warehouse [0.5 feddan],
technical service buildings and structures [3 feddan] (boiler rooms,
electromechanical, autonomous power stations, gas compressor stations,
water intakes, pumping stations, drinking water treatment plants, waste
treatment plants, loot boxes, and helipads) and a transportation support
center [0.5 feddan] and open spaces [2 feddans].
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8%
34%
50%
8%
Warehouse
Technical service buildings
Transportation support center
open green spaces
Figure 111 - General Services program [By Author]
For the exhibition zone it consists of management buildings [1.2 feddan]
and outdoor exhibition [1.2 feddan] and outdoor green spaces [0.6
feddan].
20%
40%
40%
indoor exhibition and management building
Outdoor exhibition
open green spaces
Figure 112 - Exhibition zone program [By Author]
For the offices and workshops zone, we give around 10 feddan to the
offices, 8 feddan for the workshops, 3 feddan for greenery and open
spaces. These spaces have special landscapes as offices and workshops
can form a certain type of enclosure along clusters as they may be owned
by a single company or belong to a certain field so that they need
common spaces, and it contains a commercial valley.
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14%
48%
38%
Offices
workshops
Greenery and open spaces
Figure 113 - Offices and workshops program [By Author]
Twenty percent represents the building footprint percentage from the
innovation park area (60 feddan), which is equivalent to 12 feddan, or
approximately 50,000 square meters. The buildings footprint (20%) is
also divided into certain buildings as 35% are dedicated to companies’
offices and 25% for their workshops, 20% are for the total services for
the project, 10% are for the indoor exhibitions, 5% for a commercial
service valley and 5% for the management.
For companies, innovation parks provide large, connected plots of land
for buildings, which are only accessible by employees, and building plots
can be allocated to businesses. Parking and delivery options must be
resolved internally within parcels. The connected streets serve as
addresses and as easy and direct delivery sites for employees, and it is
considered the largest building area, amounting to 35% of the 12 feddan,
or about 4.2 feddan, equivalent to 17,640 square meters. Companies are
classified into buildings for permanent sale and buildings for temporary
rent, and the company may possess several buildings or acquired on
specific floors of these buildings. The companies’ area will be created
near the workshops and as close as possible to the main roads and
entrances and is surrounded by scattered services. A part of the
companies’ area overlooks the seashore directly [By Author].
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As for the workshops zone, it has a footprint of 25% about 3 feddan,
equivalent to 12,600 square meters, and the average number of floors is
3-4 floors, then the total built-up area is approximately 50,000 square
meters. The location of the workshop zone is close to the companies and
the main roads, and the closest area to the exhibition zone for easy
transportation and display of what is produced inside the workshops.
Also, the workshops are surrounded by separate service areas for easy
access to services during work [By Author].
The average capacity of companies and workshops reaches 8,400
employees, and this is due to the area per employee in work and services
area is between 15 to 20 square meters. Therefore, if the total footprint of
companies and workshops together is 30,240 square meters, with an
average number of floors of 5 floors, then the total built-up area is
151,200 square meters, so the average number of employees in both
zones is 8400 employees [81].
The Innovation commercial valley lies on the inner side. This is a
small-scale, strongly consistent commercial zone that should serve to
simplify exchange which provide open access. This commercial area
with concentrated services represents 5% of the total footprint, which is
equivalent to 2,500 square meters. It is located next to the companies and
is close to the workshops. It is indirectly related to the administration and
is not close to the entrances.
The exhibition and galleries are 10% of the total footprint which is
equivalent to 5,000 square meters. This could become a central meeting
place, offering possibilities for networking and exchange. Companies
located here can base their showrooms, exhibition spaces, or other
marketing locations facing this axis, and allows for interfacing with the
public.
The service area is important for all other areas and serves them.
Therefore, it needs to be scattered and spread in all the serviced areas by
20% of the footprint of the Innovation Park, which is equivalent to
10,000 square meters. Since it is scattered, it is close to all areas, and not
particularly to be close to the main roads, as it serves companies.
Exhibitions and all other innovation park areas.
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As for the final zone which is the management zone, it has a footprint
of 2520 M2 which is 5% of the total foot print, it needs to be close to the
entrance with strong connection with the offices and companies as it
serves as the reception and leading authority for all the project, yet it
needs to have lowest noise as possible as it is the main face of the project
for important guests anticipated at any time.
Figure 114 - Innovation Park Relationships Bubble Diagram [By Author]
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5.5 Detailed Program
5.5.1 total innovation park
The project’s total footprint is 20%, it is divided as 35% for the
companies due to it’s high land demand and that it’s the core activity in
the innovation park, followed by the workshops 25% for the same
reason, both are followed by the services due to it’s major demand in this
project that it takes 20% of the total foot print, leaving 20% divided by
the exhibition for 10% due to it’s economic importance and 5% for
management and 5% Commercial Services as shown in figure 116.
Despite the rigid percentages in the footprint we see that the percentages
of the landscape required for each sector varies from the footprint percent
due to the different landscape requirement wither for economic or
functional purposes as shown in figure 117.
Figure 115 - Total Footprint
Footprint
5%
Companies
Workshops
5%
10%
35.00%
distributed services
Exhibition
20%
commercial services
mangement
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25%
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Total Landscape
7%
Companies
8%
Workshops
33%
distributed services
9%
Exhibition
commercial services
13%
mangement
24%
Figure 116 - Total Landscape Program
5.5.2 Companies
For the first Sector in our project and our main core the companies,
due to the location of our project on the north coast as mentioned in
section 2.1, a wide variety of companies are expected t invest in our
technological park, as for the medical companies will make use of the
research capabilities for diseases related to the Mediterranean sea and for
the electronics and robotics location to exploit the presence of the
mechanical engineering departments in our university, supported by the
chemicals companied, and for the coastal location the presence of
tourism companies is essential, and the food company presence supports
our resilience goal by using farms and landscape to improve our
environmental end economic resilience potential.
For the interior design and distribution of the companies we go back to
the basic architectural standards as Ernest Neufert’s textbook, and the
similar examples mentioned earlier in section 5.3.
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Companies
5.0%
Electronics company
12.0%
Medical company
6.0%
food companies
Chemicals company
Tourism company
6.0%
6.0%
Figure 117 - Companies Program
Medical company
Manger offices
Offices
0.3% 0.5%
open offices
MPU
0.8%
0.5%
Meeting rooms
Intertainment Area
0.6%
Cafetria
IT
Secuity
Servcies
1.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.5%
0.5% 0.3%
0.3%
Labs
Exhibition
Figure 118 - Medical Company Program
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Tourism company
Manger offices
Offices
open offices
0.2%
0.5%
0.4%
0.2%
0.4%
MPU
Meeting rooms
0.3%
Intertainment Area
0.3%
Cafetria
0.4%
IT
2.0%
0.3%
Secuity
Servcies
Figure 119 - Tourism Company Program
Electronics companies
Manger offices
0.6%
0.6% 1.0%
Offices
open offices
MPU
1.0%
1.2%
Meeting rooms
0.5%
Intertainment Area
1.0%
3.0%
Cafetria
Exhibition
Secuity
Servcies
1.0%
1.0% 0.6%
0.5%
Figure 120 - Electronics Company Program
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Food Company
Manger offices
0.1%
Offices
0.1%
0.6%
0.6%
Open Offices
MPU
0.8%
0.6%
Meeting rooms
Intertainment Area
0.6%
Cafetria
IT
2.0%
0.3%
Secuity
0.3%
Servcies
Figure 121 - Food Company Program
Chemicals Company
Manger offices
Offices
Open Offices
0.4%
0.1%
0.6%
0.5%
0.1%
0.7%
MPU
Meeting rooms
0.6%
Intertainment Area
Cafetria
0.6%
1.8%
IT
Secuity
Servcies
0.3%
0.3%
Figure 122 - Chemicals Company Program
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
5.5.3 Workshops
Workshops are the second major sectors in our project, it serves the
students and the companies by applying theoretical concepts in real life
and gives products to be shown in the expo or to be sold in the
commercial zone, it is almost distributed equally with just one share
higher to the IHUB due to it’s major influence on both the workers and
the students. The interior is also distributed based on Ernst Neufert’s
textbook and the similar examples mentioned in section 5.3.
Workshops
3%
7%
I HUB
Electronics
5%
3D printing
Robotics
Hand crafts
5%
5%
Figure 123 - All Workshops
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
3D printing
0.1%
0.3%
finishing room
storage
0.4%
1.2%
0.2%
3D printing labs
worker rooms
maneger offices
Servcies
1.5%
1.3%
Secuity
Figure 124 - 3D Printing Workshop
Electronics
0.1%
Manger offices
0.3%
0.4%
0.2%
workers rooms
finishing room
storage
0.6%
1.4%
labs
0.5%
exhbitions
Servcies
Secuity
1.5%
Figure 125 - Electronics Workshops
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Robotics
0.1%
0.2%
Manger offices
0.3%
0.4%
finishing room
0.6%
storage
exhibitions
labs
0.5%
1.5%
worker rooms
Servcies
1.4%
Secuity
Figure 126 - Robotics Workshops
IHUB
0.2%
meeting rooms
0.7%
0.5%
Siminar Rooms
0.5%
offices
Manger offices
0.3%
1.5%
0.4%
Cafetria
workspace
0.4%
MPU
Servcies
Secuity
2.5%
Figure
127 - IHUB Workshops
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Hand crafts
0.1%
0.3%
0.3%
Manger offices
0.3%
worker rooms
0.5%
workspaces
exhibitions
Servcies
Secuity
1.5%
Figure 128 - Handcrafts Workshops
5.5.4 Distributed Services
As for the distributed services we turn to the standards mentioned in
section 5.4.1 to ensure the sufficiency of the services to our project.
Distributed services
2.2%
farmland
restaurants
3.4%
10.0%
cafes
services
4.4%
Figure 129 - Distributed Services Program
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Farmland
4.0%
green houses
outdoor
6.0%
Figure 130 - Farmland Program
Restaurants
0.6%
seating areas
kitchens
services
1.2%
2.6%
Figure 131 - Restaurants Program
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Cafes
0.4%
seating areas
kitchens
0.8%
services
2.2%
Figure 132 - Cafes Program
5.5.5 Exhibition
Even though the exhibition zone is relatively smaller than the main zones,
it serves a valuable role as it shows the visitors our products and introduces
the students to real life projects and products to prepare them for the
market and to also show the companies the capabilities of our students to
help enhance the employment for both our students and the companies.
The interior is mainly based on standards mentioned in section 5.2 and 5.3.
Exhibitions
3%
4%
Exhibition 1
Meusum
Gallery
3%
Figure 133 - Exhibitions Program
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Exhibition
0.2%
0.5%
Halls
Siminar Rooms
Manger offices
0.6%
0.3%
3.0%
3D Cenima
Servcies
Secuity
1.3%
Figure 134 - Exhibition Program
Meusum
0.1%
0.3%
Manger offices
Siminar Rooms
0.3%
0.2%
0.5%
Halls
Lounges
Servcies
Secuity
1.8%
Figure 135 - Museum Program
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Gallery
0.1%
0.3%
Manger offices
0.3%
0.2%
Siminar Rooms
0.5%
Halls
Lounges
Servcies
Secuity
1.8%
Figure 136 - Gallery Program
5.5.6 Commercial Services
Since one of our main project pillars is the business pillar, the
commercial service valley serves as an enhancing zone to the
stakeholders as it acts mainly on the buying and selling, yet it also serves
the educational pillar as it encourages the students to make products to
sell and show to the world and gives the companies space to sell and
inform special customers with their recent products, the interior is built
up section 5.3 and 5.2.
commercial services
0.9%
shops
restaurants
cafes
2.5%
1%
shopping center
0.6%
Figure 137 - Commercial Services Program
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
shops
0.1%
0.3%
stationary shops
souvenirs shops
clothes shops
0.3%
Servcies
0.2%
Figure 138 - Shops Program
restaurants
0.1%
seating areas
kitchens
0.3%
services
0.6%
Figure 139 - Restaurants Program
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
cafes
0.1%
seating areas
kitchens
0.1%
services
0.4%
Figure 140 - Cafes Program
shopping center
0.3%
stores
food court
0.6%
services
1.6%
Figure 141 - Shopping Center Program
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
5.5.7 Management
Since any successful business needs proper management, therefore other
than the managerial floors in most building’s, a whole zone is dedicated
to specialized and upper management for the CEO and his staff of chiefs,
and since the park is built for modern companies it will require high
technologies so specific IT buildings are required to suffice the need for
servers and internet management systems, and due to the dire need for
storage systems overtime an archive building is required to make sure all
important documents are saved overtime.
The interior distribution is based on Ernest Neufert’s textbook and
section 5.3.
Mangement
1.50%
2%
main adminstration building
archive buliding
it buildings
1.50%
Figure 142 - Management Program
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
main adminstration building
0.10%
0.20%
mpu
0.20%
meeting rooms
0.30%
it
cafetria
0.30%
offices
0.20%
Manger offices
Servcies
0.30%
Secuity
0.40%
Figure 143 - Main Administration Building Program
archive buliding
0.10%
Manger offices
0.30%
0.20%
offices
it
archive rooms
0.20%
0.20%
Cafetria
Servcies
Secuity
0.30%
0.20%
Figure 144 - Archive Building Program
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
IT buildings
0.10%
Manger offices
Siminar Rooms
0.30%
0.20%
offices
meeting rooms
0.10%
0.20%
it
Cafetria
Servcies
Secuity
0.40%
0.20%
0.20%
Figure 145 - IT Buildings Program
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
5.6 Idea
The TIU Innovation Park is located on the left side of the project to
indicate the balance in the project as it aims for the same three pillars
(educational, political, economic) as the academic zone but with a
different approach. The idea mainly focused on the integration between
these three pillars to achieve maximum stability and profit, tangible, and
intangible for the project. As for the educational pillar, it doesn’t have the
same major impact as the academic zone of the project, yet it forms a
great bond for the students with the market as the innovation park have
real companies’ workshops and branches and headquarters for worldwide
companies. And for the political pillar, it can be of the same strength as
the academic or even stronger due to the presence of multinational
companies which gives the innovation hub international
acknowledgment, and as for the business pillar which is centered in the
project and present in the expo zone that shows the work of the students
and the companies and is right on the main path’s recreational activities
and close to the management and entrance to hold the project steady and
appealing to potential investors and stakeholders.
Idea Keywords: Resilience – Smoothness – Hierarchy of spaces –
Enclosure – Naturalistic – Consistency – Fluidity – Connectivity.
Figure 147 - Business Park Pillars
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Figure 146 - Academic Pillars
Ain shams University – Faculty of
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
5.7 Zoning
Figure 148 - Innovation Park Zoning
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5.8 Concept
Figure 149 - Innovation Park Concept
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6. Remainder of the Project
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6.1 Introduction
For the remaining zones of the project (Academic – Housing) the
methodology is almost the same, we work on the main three aspect with
their relationship with the projects’ three pillars but differing according
to their requirements [By Author].
The academic zone is mainly like any other campus in the form of
functional facilities, yet the distinction appears in the landscape and
theme related zones aiming to be a green city. Same goes for the housing
but with different aims where we work to achieve the LEED-ND
(Leadership in energy and environmental design – Neighborhood)
Certificate by concentrating on the main eight KPIs of the certificate
[Author based on [82]].
The eight KPIs are Location and transportation, sustainable sites, water
efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, indoor
environment quality, innovation, and regional priority [82].
- LEED average savings150 Figure [82]
Figure 151 - LEED Certificate Points [82]
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
6.2 Academic Sector
6.2.1 Functional Requirements
According to the first section of our thesis, we needed to integrate our
projects’ functions with our main pillars to achieve the vision of the
project, therefore we worked on adding certain programs to our academic
field to be able to keep up with our project, we start with the engineering
faculty which occupies the largest space in our project and it can hold up
to 9177 student annually, and it is mainly present to make most use of the
site’s location and project’s capabilities and functions. And then the
faculty of science which also benefits the most from the location and has
certain programs that gives political power to our project, then for the
maritime transport and tourism faculties are added to help give variety of
chances to students applying while still making use of the location and
political power of the site, disregarding the program the needed common
landscape prevails the project with a 40% zone to ensure the cooperation
and social life between students of different majors [By Author].
Academic
Engineering
32%
Science
40%
Maritime Transport
Tourism
Postgrad
Adminstration
Landscape
6%
4%
16%
1%
1%
Figure 152 - Academic Main Zoning [By Author]
For the faculty of engineering, we make most use of the coastal location
of the site and have all the programs that could benefit the most form the
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
site, starting with subsea engineering but with the smallest number of
students Appendix G, yet acts as a great potential, and also
mechanical power, mechanical production and mechatronics, most their
projects can have special considerations due to their coastal presence to
make them more special than their colleagues from other universities [By
Author].
Engineering
10%
30%
13%
Lecture halls
sections
labs
workshop
services
13%
34%
Figure 153 - Faculty of engineering program [By Author]
As for the faculty of science, the main program also with least number of
students is the Particle physics department, as it’s labs are rare
worldwide with only 2 in the MENA region (in Jordon and Iran),
Astronomy and Astrophysics programs both act as supporting programs
for the main attraction program and also to make use of the new region
with it’s new facilities, wind metrology, oceanography and marine
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
biology exists to exploit the site’s location to the top Appendix G [By
Author].
Science
10%
39%
Lecture halls
sections
31%
labs
services
30%
Figure 154 - Faculty of Science Program [By Author]
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Faculty of tourism includes only two programs which are tourism and
aquaculture to help exploit the touristic and sea wealth present in the
zone Appendix G [By Author].
Tourism
33%
tourism
aquaculture
67%
Figure 157 - Faculty of Tourism Programs [By Author].
Aquaculture
Lecture
halls
Section
Rooms
Tourism
10%
10%
50%
40%
services
Figure 156 - Aquaculture Program [By Author].
134 | P a g e
Lecture halls
50%
Section Rooms
services
40%
Figure 155 - Tourism Program [By Author].
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
As For the Faculty of Maritime Transport, we create the navigation and
logistics programs to enhance the use of the site’s shore by making an
educational port for them and for the engineering students Appendix
G [By Author].
Maritime Transport
Maritime Transport
lecture
halls
Navigation 50%
10%
sections
50%
35%
Logistics
55%
Services
Figure 158 - Maritime Transport Programs [By Author].
Figure 159 - Maritime Transport Program [By Author].
As for the final zone exists for post-graduate studies and a special
program appears which is medical and aquatic animal health to be able to
perform research upon the diseases present only around the
Mediterranean Sea Appendix G [By Author].
Postgrad
Postgrad
postgrad
Lecture halls
10%
35%
Aquatic
animal
health
Section
Rooms
Labs
65%
Figure 161 - Post Grad Programs [By Author].
135 | P a g e
20%
50%
services
Figure 160 - Post Grad Program [By
Author].
20%
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
6.2.2 Theme and Site Requirements
In the academic sector most of the resilience techniques doesn’t directly
affect the program, yet an educational seaport was constructed so that it
needs specific considerations regarding the soil and its dimensions as
seen in figure 122 [83].
Facilities
Requirement
1. Breakwater
Extension
Extension of the Existing Main Breakwater to obtain
necessary calmness for New Bulk Berth, L = 73m
2. Wharf/ Berths
‐13.0m, L = 47.5m; Extended from the existing Clinker
Jetty.
- New Bulk
Berth
- New container
wharf
- Small Craft
Wharf
‐12.0m, L = 55m; Along with the reclaimed land area for
new container yard
‐5.0m, L = 27.5m; Replacing the exist. mooring facilities
for port services crafts.
3. Basin and
Navigation
-Port Basin Dredge to 13.0m for New Bulk Berth Basin
and Channel Navigation Aids
4. Building &
Utilities
Admi. Office & Gate for New Container Terminal,
Lighting etc.
5. Others
Drainage, Container Yard pavement etc.
Figure 162 - Seaport facilities [Author based on [84]]
And for the subsoil, the sites soil is sandstone with unit weight
24.5KN/M3 and a compressive strength of 80 MPa which is more than
the minimum of making a mini seaport which is 72 MPa [85], making
the construction of the port a possibility [14] .
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
6.3 Academic Proposals
6.3.1 Proposal A
Figure 163 - Academic Proposal A
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Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
6.3.2 Proposal B
Figure 164 - Academic Proposal B
This Proposal Qualifies for LEED Gold according to the U.S. Green
Building Council LEED Checklist, as it achieves 18 from 28 points in
Smart Location and Linkage Appendix P, 30 from 41 Points in
Neighborhood Pattern & Design Appendix Q, 15 from 31 in Green
Infrastructure & Buildings Appendix R, 3 from 6 bonus points in
innovation and design process, and 2 from 4 points in regional priority
Credits, a combined 68 points in total Appendix S
138 | P a g e
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
6.3.3 Academic Proposal C
Figure 165 - Academic Proposal C
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
6.3.4 Academic Proposal D
Figure 166 - Academic Proposal D
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
6.4 Housing Sector
6.4.1 Functional Requirements
6.4.1.1 Residences
As it had been stated that our university aims to attract students from
all over Egypt and all over the world, So the program provides 2000
dorms that service around 10% of the expected students numbers in
addition to the post graduate students and the stuff. The dorms are
classified into 3 levels depends on the area and the luxury of the unit;
60% of the dorms are basic single units of 17 m2 each, that share
bathrooms (1 shared bathroom for each 2-4 students). 30% of the dorms
are intermediate level of quality of area 24m2 with small bathroom, these
types of units are provided mainly for post graduate students, it can be
also accommodated by regular students. The last 10% of units are 35m2
studios with private bathroom and kitchenette for the stuff mainly.
The residential buildings are consisting of ground floor which contain all
the main services (lobby, stuff, circulation, PC workstations, Cafeteria,
gathering zones, Study rooms and other services), 3 Typical floors each
of them contains group of dorms and their services (bathrooms,
Figure 167 - Dorms Program [By Author].
kitchenette, laundry…etc.), studying rooms, multipurpose rooms.
141 | P a g e
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
The total footprint of the residential building is 17500 m2 which are about
14% of the zone area.
Figure 169 - Dorms Ground Floor Program [By Author].
Figure 168 - Dorms Typical Floor Program [By Author].
6.4.1.2 Sports and Leisure
There are standards for the design of playground courts; football court
has length from 90 m to 120 m and width 45m to 60 m. the sides have
142 | P a g e
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
running track of 6 lanes. The tennis courts are 33x11 m with 4 m
setbacks from each side. Volleyball, handball, and basketball courts are
the same size 12:25m x 25:50m. The sports zone also contains outdoor
pool and leisure building.
The program contains football court and running track of 6000m2, 4
courts for volleyball, basketball, handball, and tennis of area 6000 m2,
Outdoor pool of 1000 m2 and leisure building of 1500 m2 that contains
squash courts, indoor covered pool, gym and table sports like ping ball.
The footprint of this zone is 1% which makes the total footprint for the
housing and sports zone is 15%.
Figure 170 - Sports Zone Program [By Author].
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
6.4.1.3 Services
Represents around 20% from the total 30 feddan of the zone contains
roads, pedestrians’ paths, cycles track, plazas, social spaces, and parking
(200 slots for cars)
Figure 171 - Services Program [By Author].
6.4.2 Theme and Site Requirements
Since the theme is eco-resilience, so we aimed to achieve optimum
exploitation of the natural resources and use renewable energy to be able
to preserve the environment and give it enough capacity to recuperate
while exploiting its assets.
Solar cells
5% (1.5 feddan) of the land is specified for solar panels. The 6000 m2
solar panels in this zone in addition to the 50% solar panels coverage on
roofs are capable to support the university with a lot of electricity [10]
[11]. The 1m2 of solar panels produce average of 230 kWh/year means
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
the solar panels in the zone provides the university with 3,565,000 kWh
each year that supplies the university by 15-20% of the expected needed
power [86].
Barley cultivation
3 feddan of the land that represents 10% of the total area is specified
for barley cultivation as it already one of the planets grow in this
environment. It is grown in irrigated lands, whether new or old, in Lower
Egypt [87]. The feddan of barely produce 5100 Kg and paring barley
needs about 60-70 days to be ready for harvest, and fall barley needs 60
days. The 3 feddan produce 91,800 kg of barley each year and the
average usage per person is 72 kg. so, for the 2000 inhabitant in the
housing sector it causes self-sufficiency b 64.2% [87].
Greenery and landscape cover the rest area of the zone around 40%.
Figure 172 - Housing Total Program [By Author].`
145 | P a g e
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
7. Project Description
7.1 Project Concept
The project is meant to fulfil three main pillars presented in the political
pillar which is presented in three aspects in the projects which is the rare
laboratories in the academic sector, and the multinational corporations
and companies present in the innovation park, and the political welfare in
the professor’s housing and the SV dorms. Meanwhile the second pillar
which is the educational pillar is achieved thoroughly in the academic
sector and effectively in the startup village to ensure the growth and
maximum exploitation of assisted startups in our incubators, last but not
least our final and arguably most important pillar, which is the business
pillar, it is presented in the blue mind concept and the modern
environmental design and achieving LEED-NB Gold certification to
reach maximum attraction to investors and employers.
7.2 Project Components
The project consists of the following elements to serve 1125 person in
the housing sector and about 20000 employees in the innovation park:
Built-up areas with an area of 50,400 m2:
1.
A Startup Village (SV) for Multiple Companies business
incubators for rising startups, and the area of the buildings of the Startup
Village constitutes 25% of the Land area of the project and 5% Footprint
from the total innovation park land-area (20% of the SV land area)
forming around forming around 15% of the whole project built-up area.
2.
A group of Companies and the percentage of buildings for a
group of Companies reaches 31% of the total built-up area of the project.
3.
Administrative Buildings It reaches 20% of the total built-up area
of the project.
4.
Outdoor Restaurants: Its area covers 5% of the total built-up area
of the project.
5.
Entertainment axis kiosks: their area reaches 3% of the total builtup area of the project.
6.
Electricity rooms: their area represents 1.5% of the total built-up
area of the project.
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
7.
Agricultural lots: their area reaches 12% of the total area of the
project.
8.
Greenhouses: their area reaches 6% of the total area of the
project.
9.
Boilers: The percentage of their area reaches 0.6% of the total
built-up area of the project.
10.
Water purification plant: its area reaches 1.1% of the total builtup area of the project.
As for the academic sector is designed to include up to 15000 Student
on a built-up area of 37,800M2 consisting of the following:
1.
A University Campus for 10 Collages with 15 Buildings, and the
area of the buildings of the University Campus constitutes 15% of the
built-up area of the project.
2.
A group of Workshops (3 Workshops) and the percentage of
buildings for a group of Workshops reaches 5% of the total built-up area
of the project.
3.
Administrative Buildings It reaches 5% of the total built-up area
of the project.
4.
Entertainment axis kiosks: their area reaches 3% of the total builtup area of the project.
5.
Theater Buildings: and the percentage of buildings for a group of
Workshops reaches 7% of the total built-up area of the project.
6.
Electricity rooms: their area represents 0.5% of the total built-up
area of the project.
7.
Boilers: The percentage of their area reaches 0.3% of the total
built-up area of the project.
Open areas:
1.
Roads and paths for pedestrians.
2.
Parking spaces.
3.
Open and green areas: an area of 50000 m2 and includes green
areas, open playgrounds, cafeterias, and pergolas.
147 | P a g e
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
The design of the project considered the following elements:
1.
Considering the beach campus at 200 meters in front of the
project buildings, and the city has identified the beach campus with an
asphalt road that separates the beach campus with an asphalt road that
separates the beach campus and the sea from the projects in this area.
2.
Establishing gardens and green areas representing an area of
about 50% of the project area to give a green outlet to all project visitors.
3.
The work of a network of internal roads and parking spaces to
provide access to all units and buildings of the project easily and
conveniently without conflict with pedestrian traffic paths between all
elements of the project.
4.
Making networks for pedestrian paths that reach squares, public
terraces, and seating areas in the project.
7.3 Project Utilities
7.3.1 Water Sources
The available sources of water in the region currently and until the
completion of the Nile water transmission line project to Matrouh
Governorate are:
1.
By transportation.
2.
By desalination of sea water.
3.
By Recycling Water.
According to the components of the aforementioned project and the
average daily consumption per capita according to the Egyptian Code for
Sanitary Works, the village's water needs can be calculated on which the
water supply and drainage situation is based as follows:
•
The expected number of people in the innovation park and
housing in case of maximum occupancy is 1125 residents and 20000
employees.
•
The average daily consumption per capita is 200 liters / resident /
day which is equal to 200*1125 = 225000Liters/Day and 50
Liters/Employee/Day which is 1 million Liter/day.
148 | P a g e
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
•
The average daily consumption per capita for potable water is
3.2liters / day which (in our project) reaches to 3.2*21125= 67600 Liters
of potable water/day
•
In addition to 15% of the consumption of services which is
183750 Liter.
•
/day.
Average irrigation per flat meter of green areas = 10 liters /liter
•
Average street cleaning = 190 Liters/Hopper Load
7.3.2 Feed and Fire Water:
Mainly underground tanks and FM200 Gas will be used for firefighting
for maximum efficiency for the occupants, meanwhile further
information is to be acquired from the consultant.
7.3.3 irrigation water and street cleaning
Recycled grey water from building’s sanitary works will be used for
grass irrigation and further Information and details will be taken from the
water consultant report.
7.3.4 Sources of electricity
By calculating each building’s thermal consumption by using formulae
provided from the MEP [Mechanical Power Engineering] Department in
the Faculty of engineering Ain shams university we can calculate the
estimated electrical consumption of each individual building by certain
calculations as each Ton Refrigeration covers a certain amount of square
feet in a building depending on the building’s function, and the HVAC
uses from 30% to 50% of the energy consumption, therefore by assuming
the worst case scenario for energy consumption calculation which is 30%
we can calculate the maximum electrical consumption for each building,
by calculating this equations we find that the project would consume
45.298 GW/Year as shown in appendix T and distributed as shown in
figure 173.
149 | P a g e
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
11%
24%
9%
4%
3%
2%
11%
18%
17%
Academic
Housing
SV
HQ
Production
Commercial
Agriculture
West Offices
East Offices
Figure 173 - Energy Consumption Destribution
As for the energy generation techniques we have multiple methods, first
we use the Floating PV Appendix U, which is used on a large scale to
reduce the humidity caused by direct sunlight on water and adds a
modern view to the project raising curiosity for investors and employers,
we use 1003 Floating PV in our project covering an area of 23069 M2 of
water and producing 5.24 GW/year covering solely 11.53% of the
project’s maximum energy consumption.
Meanwhile due to the fact stated in 2.2.3 Renewable energy, the sunny
environment of the site can make roof mounted solar panels produce up
to 2.2 MW/Year for each squared meter covered, so if we cover twenty
percent of the roofs in the project with roof mounted solar panels which
is 25418.4 M2 we can produce 55.9GW/year and can fall down to
52GW/Year due to energy loss making our project’s energy generation
reaching up to 57.24 GW/Year which is 126.4% of the projects energy
requirements making our project Energy Plus.
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
7.3.5 Wastewater Treatment
Grey water will be recycled and cleaned and used for grass irrigation and
toilet consumption, while the solid waste will be connected to the public
sewage connected to the city’s treatment plants.
7.3.6 Means of safety and protection.
The means of safety and protection in the project include an integrated
system for fighting fire and providing material and human means for
ambulance and rescue.
Fire Fighting System:
•
Sustainable Firefighting System using water pumps:
This type of fire extinguishing system depends on a group of water
pumps (fire pumps) with special specifications to push water to deal with
fire through pipes and sprinklers that work with electric motors to
maintain the level of water pressure.
•
Sustainable Water Fire Fighting System:
A water fire extinguishing system differs from a fire system in buildings
using pumps – this type of fire system relies on water spray while relying
on the force of pressure to put out fires.
•
Sustainable CO2 Fire Fighting System:
The design of the CO2 fire extinguishing system is based on carbon
dioxide gas, as it helps to reduce the temperature, which helps to
extinguish the fire, and these cylinders are filled with gas in the form of
liquid, but it turns into gas when the fire breaks out, and this type of fire
system is usually used in fires caused by short circuits.
•
FM200 Fire Fighting System:
The most expensive firefighting system has the same requirements as the
CO2 fire extinguishing system but uses a different gas which does not
harm occupants.
7.3.7 Disposal of Solid Waste
Solid waste is disposed of in the construction and operation phases as
follows:
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
1.
The excess or unfit excavation of the site leveling and backfilling
works and all the waste resulting from the construction works shall be
transferred to the public dump specified by the City Council and reused
as much as possible.
2.
Containers are provided to collect solid waste generated by
workers during the construction period in their shelter camp as well as in
the work areas, and the containers are collected daily and the waste in
them is reused.
3.
A wire net is made around the beach sanctuary to prevent any
leaves from reaching the sea water.
4.
An integrated system for the collection and transport of solid
waste is implemented in the operational phase, which includes the
provision of appropriate collection containers in guest rooms, halls,
service areas, restaurants, cafeteria and all sections of the project, and the
appointment of the necessary labor for collection and transportation by
equipped and designated cars.
5.
The waste resulting from fruit and vegetable companies and
workshops is taken by the building responsible for recycling this waste
and sends it to the building responsible for energy production and the rest
sends it to the building for medical and cosmetic products, including the
rest of the project buildings until it reaches the hands of the project users.
7.3.8 Certification Qualifications
This Proposal Qualifies for LEED Gold according to the U.S. Green
Building Council LEED Checklist, as it achieves 21 from 28 points in
Smart Location and Linkage Appendix P, 31 from 41 Points in
Neighborhood Pattern & Design Appendix Q, 17 from 31 in Green
Infrastructure & Buildings Appendix R, 3 from 6 bonus points in
innovation and design process, and 2 from 4 points in regional priority
Credits, a combined 74 points in total Appendix S
152 | P a g e
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
8. EIA
After a detailed description of the project in the previous chapters
along with a description of the natural environment of the project, this
part is exposed to the assessment of the expected environmental impacts
during the construction and operation of the project.
8.1 Environmental impacts during the construction
process:
The positive points of implementation of this project can be summarized
in:
1.
Reducing carbon emissions resulting from construction works
due to the use of environmentally friendly building materials, including
materials found from the same site.
2.
Reducing emissions resulting from transportation of building
materials due to the availability of raw materials used in construction at
the same site.
3.
Recycling waste generated from construction work and reusing it
in other stages of construction without the need to send it to public
landfills.
4.
provide new, biodiverse areas, and be created using green
materials.
5.
minimizing waste and energy-intensive production of materials.
6.
Eco-friendly design includes the use of recycled materials, (which
produce less CO2 in the manufacturing process), structural durability and
long-term plans for energy and waste production.
7.
Green construction practices are being introduced to minimize the
negative effects of these issues.
8.
Proper maintenance of tools and equipment which require fuel is
key to limiting how much they need.
9.
using rubber panels or covers and barriers erected around noisier
sites to help reduce their impact.
10. Promoting biodiversity by using native species and materials in
landscaping and shading.
153 | P a g e
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UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
In terms of negative points, they can be summarized in the following
points:
1.
Air and Water Pollution due to inevitable waste
2.
Hydrological Impacts
3.
Isolation
4.
Population Fragmentation
8.2 Environmental impacts during operation:
The positive points of implementation of this project can be summarized
in:
1.
Sustainability of the site and its components
2.
Water Consumption and Recycling to be used in the project.
3.
Green Energy Generation through the project Buildings
4.
Energy Consumption in the whole Project
5.
Resilient Site and Operations
6.
Using passive and active energy saving systems
7.
Integrating the built environment with the landscape and nature
8.
Using low VOC paints and claddings to decrease long term
impacts
154 | P a g e
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Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
8.3 Social impacts of the project:
The implementation of a project of this magnitude in this area will have a
significant impact from a social and economic point of view.
The positive points of implementation of this project can be summarized
in:
1.
Settling some workers from crowded areas in Egypt (Delta and
Valley) to work and settle around the project.
2.
Help solve the problem of unemployment by providing a
respectable number of jobs for young people.
3.
The high price of real estate value in the region and the creation
of a tourist economic base.
4.
Encouraging tourism and commercial investment in the region in
an environmental manner to preserve resources and protect the
environment from pollution.
In terms of negative points, they can be summarized in the following
points:
1.
Possible influences on the traditional culture and customs and
traditions of the Indigenous people of the place by creating new activities
in the area.
2.
Social divisions because of unequal pay among members of
society will be allowed to work on these projects and others will not be
allowed to work.
3.
Segregation due to the high price of construction and operation,
therefore the project would repel low and middle class from the site and
just be used by remarkably high classes.
155 | P a g e
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Environmental
issue
Relevant
indicator
Impacts
Variables
Soil
Landcover
(+ve) Drastically
increased
As in the initial
state there were
slight ground
cover which
increased a lot
using native
species in our
project enhancing
the soil and the
covering.
Topsoil
(+ve) Soil quality
improved
Due to native
species farming
Deep Layers
Slight impact
Due to the
resorting to steel
piles
Temp.
(+ve) Temperature
Regulated better than
normal
Due to the
presence of green
areas and farming
and covering the
water with floating
PVs decreasing
Evaporation hence
humidity
Components
Slightly worsened
Due to the
presence of
multiple
production
workshops
Surface
(+ve) increase area and
quality
Due to the addition
of peat gardens
and bee burrows
and increasing the
surface area of
water in our
project
Air
Water
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Underground
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Neutral
No Impact
Flora
Positive
impact/Increase
Due to the increase
in native species
and covered area.
Fauna
Slightly Worsened
Due to the
decrease in insects
and due to the
built-up area and
decreasing the
grazing in the area
Marine Life
Slightly worsened
Due to the change
in the shoreline.
Population and
Human Health
Increase and improve
Due to the existing
of proper housing
and green areas
and clinics
Topography
Affected in a
respectable manner
Due to the
excavation due to
construction on the
land of the project
Figure 174 - Expected Environmental Impacts
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8.Summary
To sum up what we went through, we presented our project which was
a university city and its goals of uncovering the unknown and having an
economical base in the city, and we talked about the stakeholders who will
pay for, invest, benefit from, and use our project.
And as for the second chapter, we talked about the sites significantly
special location and its surroundings in all aspects, whether environmental
or physical as to achieve maximum potential from the sun path to the wind
strength and direction, and taking into consideration the surroundings
starting from the view and how to achieve its outermost benefit by using
the sites contour, and from the city scale we concluded how to use the
assets present in the site like the natural reservoir to the electric station,
security points, and emergency hospital, and for the regional scale we see
the great potential present and that we can use the surrounding airports and
touristic attraction points to free market our project to be able to achieve
maximum economic benefit and also understand the level of targeted
clients, and finally, from the socio-economic point of view we deduce the
capabilities for achieving our goals and the infrastructure issues that can
delay our project’s timeline, but also it helps in predicting the unraveled
benefits that our project would add to the whole zone.
Then we moved on to the site visit in which we analyzed the visual and
aspects and present objects in our site and determined their reflections
weather minor or major and developed a deeper understanding to how the
site’s zone is almost unusable relative to its size so that gave our project a
potential to give birth to the city.
As for the fourth chapter we developed a theme for the project and a
methodology to follow along the progress of the project which is the
resilient city, particularly the ecological one, that was explained deeply
giving all its definitions and elements, which in return means that our
university-city has the potential to surpass the smart/sustainable buildings
in term of livability and energy consumption and safety from the
ecological dangers and energy/water conservation and also by going back
to the case studies we can get to a deep understanding to how to implement
the techniques on the project to be designed and how to use the ecosystem
services and it’s requirements to achieve its maximum efficiency.
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
And for the final chapter we get to approach the design for the first step
and start with the program and inducing it from the standards and the
similar examples which are sampled based on a certain criterion to ensure
optimum exploitation for the project resulting in the formation of the initial
ideas, zoning, and concept of the project giving a head start in the design
phase.
161 | P a g e
Ain shams University – Faculty of
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
8. Appendixes
Appendix A
Figure 175 - Egyptian population by sex [24]
Appendix B
Figure 176 - Distribution of regular buildings, makeshift building & nondescript building by use (CAPMAS, 2017)
162 | P a g e
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Appendix C
Figure 177 - Distribution of regular buildings units by current use (CAPMAS, 2017)
Appendix D
Figure 178 - Distribution of regular buildings units by type of tenure (CAPMAS, 2017)
163 | P a g e
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Appendix E
Figure 179 - distribution off regular building by connection to public utilities (CAPMAS, 2017)
Appendix F
Figure 180 - Universities energy consumption
164 | P a g e
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Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Appendix G
Figure 181 - project full detailed program [by Author]
Appendix H
Space
Companies
Tourism company
Manger offices
Offices
open offices
MPU
Meeting rooms
Entertainment Area
Cafeteria
IT
Security
Services
%
35.00%
5.00%
0.4%
0.4%
2.0%
0.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.5%
Footprint
50400
2520
201.6
201.6
1008
151.2
201.6
151.2
151.2
100.8
100.8
252
Electronics
companies
12.0%
6048
165 | P a g e
No.of
floors
-
5
5
Total BUA
12600
1008
1008
5040
756
1008
756
756
504
504
1260
30240
Landscape
Area
42000
7068
16963.2
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Manger offices
Offices
open offices
MPU
Meeting rooms
Entertainment Area
Cafeteria
Exhibition
Security
Services
IT
Servers Rooms
1.0%
1.0%
3.0%
0.5%
0.6%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
0.5%
1.2%
0.6%
0.6%
504
504
1512
252
302.4
504
504
504
252
604.8
302.4
302.4
2520
2520
7560
1260
1512
2520
2520
2520
1260
3024
1512
1512
Medical company
Manger offices
Offices
open offices
MPU
Meeting rooms
Entertainment Area
Cafeteria
IT
Security
Services
Labs
Exhibition
6.00%
0.5%
0.5%
1.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.5%
0.5%
0.1%
0.1%
0.6%
0.8%
0.3%
3024
252
12.6
604.8
151.2
151.2
252
252
50.4
50.4
302.4
403.2
151.2
12096
1008
50.4
2419.2
604.8
604.8
1008
1008
201.6
201.6
1209.6
1612.8
604.8
4
8481.6
Figure 182 - Companies Detailed Program
Appendix I
Space
Companies
Food Company
Manger offices
Offices
Open Offices
MPU
Meeting rooms
166 | P a g e
%
35%
6%
0.6%
0.8%
2.0%
0.3%
0.3%
Footprint
50400
3024
302.4
403.2
1008
151.2
151.2
No.of
floors
-
4
Total
BUA
12096
1209.6
1612.8
4032
604.8
604.8
Landscape
Area
42000
8481.6
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
Entertainment
Area
Cafeteria
IT
Security
Services
Chemicals
Company
Manger offices
Offices
Open Offices
MPU
Meeting rooms
Entertainment
Area
Cafeteria
IT
Security
Services
Labs
0.6%
0.6%
0.1%
0.1%
0.6%
302.4
302.4
50.4
50.4
302.4
6%
0.6%
0.7%
1.8%
0.3%
0.3%
3024
302.4
352.8
907.2
151.2
151.2
0.6%
0.6%
0.1%
0.1%
0.5%
0.4%
302.4
302.4
50.4
50.4
252
201.6
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
1209.6
1209.6
201.6
201.6
1209.6
3
9072
907.2
1058.4
2721.6
453.6
453.6
8481.6
907.2
907.2
151.2
151.2
756
604.8
Figure 183 - Interior Companies detailed program.
Appendix J
Space
Workshops
3D printing
finishing room
storage
3D printing labs
worker rooms
manager offices
Services
Security
%
25%
5%
1.2%
1.3%
1.5%
0.2%
0.4%
0.3%
0.1%
Footprint
12600
2520
604.8
655.2
756
100.8
201.6
151.2
50.4
Electronics
Manger offices
5%
0.4%
2520
201.6
167 | P a g e
No.of
floors
-
Total BUA
Landscape
Area
33600
2
5040
1209.6
1310.4
1512
201.6
403.2
302.4
100.8
7068
3
7560
604.8
7068
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
workers rooms
finishing room
storage
labs
exhibitions
Services
Security
0.2%
0.6%
0.5%
1.5%
1.4%
0.3%
0.1%
100.8
302.4
252
756
705.6
151.2
50.4
302.4
907.2
756
2268
2116.8
453.6
151.2
Robotics
Manger offices
finishing room
storage
exhibitions
labs
worker rooms
Services
Security
5%
0.4%
0.6%
0.5%
1.4%
1.5%
0.2%
0.3%
0.1%
2520
201.6
302.4
252
705.6
756
100.8
151.2
50.4
5040
403.2
604.8
504
1411.2
1512
201.6
302.4
100.8
2
7068
Figure 184 - Workshops Detailed Program
Appendix K
Space
Workshops
I HUB
meeting
rooms
Seminar
Rooms
offices
Manger
offices
Cafeteria
workspace
MPU
Services
Security
Hand crafts
168 | P a g e
%
25%
7%
Footprint
12600
3528
0.7%
352.8
0.5%
0.3%
252
151.2
0.4%
0.4%
2.5%
1.5%
0.5%
0.2%
7.0%
3%
201.6
201.6
1260
756
252
100.8
3528
1512
No. of
floors
-
Total BUA
Landscape
Area
12600
7056
705.6
504
302.4
2
403.2
9895.2
403.2
2520
1512
504
201.6
3
4536
4240.8
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
Manger
offices
worker
rooms
workspaces
exhibitions
Services
Security
0.3%
151.2
0.3%
1.5%
0.5%
0.3%
0.1%
151.2
756
252
151.2
50.4
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
453.6
453.6
2268
756
453.6
151.2
Figure 185 - Workshops Interior Program
Appendix L
Space
distributed
services
farmland
green houses
outdoor
%
Footprint
20%
10.0%
4.0%
6.0%
restaurants
seating areas
kitchens
services
4.4%
2.6%
1.2%
0.6%
10080
5040
2016
3024
5040
2217.6
1310.4
604.8
302.4
cafes
seating areas
kitchens
services
3.4%
2.2%
0.8%
0.4%
services
2.2%
No.of
floors
Total BUA
-
Landscape
Area
12600
1
5040
2016
3024
14136
2
4435.2
2620.8
1209.6
604.8
6219.84
1713.6
1108.8
403.2
201.6
1
1713.6
1108.8
403.2
201.6
4806.24
1108.800
3
3326.400
3109.920
Figure 186 - Distributed Services Program
Appendix M
Space
Exhibition
Exhibition 1
Halls
169 | P a g e
%
10%
4%
3.0%
Footprint
5040
2016
1512
No.of
floors
3
Total BUA
6048
4536
Landscape Area
12600
5654.4
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
Seminar Rooms
Manger offices
3D Cinema
Services
Security
1.3%
0.3%
0.6%
0.5%
0.2%
Museum
Manger offices
Seminar Rooms
Halls
Lounges
Services
Security
3%
0.3%
0.5%
1.8%
0.2%
0.3%
0.1%
655.2
151.2
302.4
252
100.8
2973.6
1512
151.2
252
907.2
100.8
151.2
50.4
Gallery
Manger offices
Seminar Rooms
Halls
Lounges
Services
Security
3%
0.3%
0.5%
1.8%
0.2%
0.3%
0.1%
1512
151.2
252
907.2
100.8
151.2
50.4
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
1965.6
453.6
907.2
756
302.4
3
4536
453.6
756
2721.6
302.4
453.6
151.2
4240.8
2
3024
302.4
504
1814.4
201.6
302.4
100.8
4240.8
Figure 187 - Exhibition Program
Appendix N
Space
commercial services
shops
stationary shops
souvenirs shops
clothes shops
Servcies
%
5%
0.9%
0.3%
0.2%
0.3%
0.1%
restaurants
seating areas
kitchens
services
1%
0.6%
0.3%
0.1%
170 | P a g e
Footprint
2520
453.6
151.2
100.8
151.2
50.4
453.6
504
302.4
151.2
50.4
No.of
floors
-
Total BUA
Landscape Area
12600
1
453.6
151.2
100.8
151.2
50.4
1272.24
2
1008
604.8
302.4
100.8
1413.6
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
cafes
seating areas
kitchens
services
0.6%
0.4%
0.1%
0.1%
302.4
201.6
50.4
50.4
shopping center
stores
food court
services
2.5%
1.6%
0.6%
0.3%
1260.000
806.400
302.400
151.200
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
1
302.4
201.6
50.4
50.4
848.16
3
3780.000
2419.200
907.200
453.600
3534.000
total BUA m^2
landscape area
m^2
10080
Figure 188 - Commercial Services Program
Appendix O
footprint
m^2
2520
1008
100.8
151.2
100.8
10.08
151.2
151.2
100.8
50.4
spaces
mangement
main adminstration building
mpu
meeting rooms
it
cafetria
offices
Manger offices
Servcies
Secuity
foot print %
5%
2%
0.20%
0.30%
0.20%
0.40%
0.30%
0.30%
0.20%
0.10%
archive buliding
Manger offices
offices
it
archive rooms
Cafetria
Servcies
Secuity
1.50%
0.30%
0.20%
0.20%
0.30%
0.20%
0.20%
0.10%
756
151.2
100.8
100.8
151.2
100.8
100.8
50.4
it buildings
Manger offices
Siminar Rooms
offices
meeting rooms
1.50%
0.30%
0.20%
0.20%
0.20%
756
151.2
100.8
100.8
100.8
171 | P a g e
no of floor
-
3
3024
302.4
453.6
302.4
30.24
453.6
453.6
302.4
151.2
2827.2
3
2268
453.6
302.4
302.4
453.6
302.4
302.4
151.2
2120.4
2
1512
302.4
201.6
201.6
201.6
2120.4
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
it
Cafetria
Servcies
Secuity
0.40%
0.10%
0.20%
0.10%
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
201.6
50.4
100.8
50.4
403.2
100.8
201.6
100.8
Figure 189 - Main Administration Buildings Program
Appendix P
18
0
0
Smart Location & Linkage
28
Y
Prereq
Smart Location
Required
Y
Prereq
Imperiled Species and Ecological Communities
Required
Y
Prereq
Wetland and Water Body Conservation
Required
Y
Prereq
Agricultural Land Conservation
Required
Y
Prereq
Floodplain Avoidance
Required
8
Credit
Preferred Locations
10
0
Credit
Brownfield Remediation
2
5
Credit
Access to Quality Transit
7
1
Credit
Bicycle Facilities
2
3
Credit
Housing and Jobs Proximity
3
1
Credit
Steep Slope Protection
1
0
Credit
Site Design for Habitat or Wetland and Water Body Conservation
1
0
0
Credit
Restoration of Habitat or Wetlands and Water Bodies
Long-Term Conservation Management of Habitat or Wetlands and Water
Bodies
1
1
Credit
Figure 190 - Smart Location & Linkage Score for Proposal B
Appendix Q
30
0
0
Neighborhood Pattern & Design
41
Y
Prereq
Walkable Streets
Required
Y
Prereq
Compact Development
Required
Y
Prereq
Connected and Open Community
Required
9
Credit
Walkable Streets
9
4
Credit
Compact Development
6
3
Credit
Mixed-Use Neighborhoods
4
6
Credit
Housing Types and Affordability
7
1
Credit
Reduced Parking Footprint
1
1
Credit
Connected and Open Community
2
1
Credit
Transit Facilities
1
Credit
Transportation Demand Management
2
Credit
Access to Civic & Public Space
1
1
172 | P a g e
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
1
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Credit
Access to Recreation Facilities
1
Credit
Visitability and Universal Design
1
Credit
Community Outreach and Involvement
2
1
Credit
Local Food Production
1
2
Credit
Tree-Lined and Shaded Streetscapes
2
Credit
Neighborhood Schools
1
Figure 191 - Neighborhood Pattern & Design Score for Proposal B
Appendix R
15
0
0
Green Infrastructure & Buildings
31
Y
Prereq
Certified Green Building
Required
Y
Prereq
Minimum Building Energy Performance
Required
Y
Prereq
Prereq
Indoor Water Use Reduction
Construction Activity Pollution Prevention
Required
Y
2
Credit
Certified Green Buildings
5
Credit
Optimize Building Energy Performance
2
Credit
Indoor Water Use Reduction
Outdoor Water Use Reduction
1
Credit
Credit
Building Reuse
1
Credit
Historic Resource Preservation and Adaptive Reuse
2
Credit
Minimized Site Disturbance
1
Credit
Rainwater Management
4
Credit
Heat Island Reduction
1
1
Credit
Solar Orientation
1
2
Credit
Renewable Energy Production
3
2
Credit
District Heating and Cooling
2
4
Required
2
Credit
Infrastructure Energy Efficiency
1
2
Credit
Wastewater Management
2
0
Credit
Recycled and Reused Infrastructure
1
1
Credit
Solid Waste Management
1
1
Credit
Light Pollution Reduction
1
Figure 192 - Green Infrastructure & Buildings Score for Proposal B
173 | P a g e
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Appendix S
3
0
0
3
Innovation & Design Process
Credit
Credit
2
0
0
Credit
1
Credit
Credit
Credit
0
0
®
LEED Accredited Professional
Regional Priority Credits
1
68
Innovation
Regional Priority Credit: Region
Defined
Regional Priority Credit: Region
Defined
Regional Priority Credit: Region
Defined
Regional Priority Credit: Region
Defined
PROJECT TOTALS (Certification
estimates)
Certified: 40-49 points, Silver: 50-59 points, Gold: 60-79
points, Platinum: 80+ points
Figure 193 - Bonus Points Score for Proposal B
Appendix T
Zone
Academic
Housing
SV
HQ
Production
Commercial
Agriculture
West Offices
East Offices
total
Energy Consmption
Consumption in GW/Year
Consumption Percentage
10.975
24%
5.029
11%
7.8
17%
8.173
18%
0.96
2%
1.306
3%
2.02
4%
4.105
9%
4.93
11%
45.298
100%
Figure 194 - Energy Consumption
174 | P a g e
6
5
1
4
1
1
1
1
110
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Appendix U
Figure 195 - Floating PV Brochure
175 | P a g e
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
Figure 196 - Floating PV specifications
176 | P a g e
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
9. Glossary
The management and administrative units are a multipurpose commercial
structure. It has offices for staff and directors, a printing facility, a clerk's
office, a finance and accounting division, and a location for the firms'
business consultancy services.
Social services units include a sport and recreation center, a warehouse,
technical service buildings and structures (boiler rooms,
electromechanical, autonomous power stations, gas compressor stations,
water intakes, pumping stations, drinking water treatment plants, waste
treatment plants, loot boxes, and helipads) and a transportation support
center.
Special Service Unit: Although the businesses are grouped together in
these complexes, it is preferable for medium-sized businesses to be
housed in a separate building from smaller businesses
Buildings for the combined placement of several homogenous
enterprises, blocked buildings with separate portions, and universal
buildings designed to arrange rental spaces are the three types of
structures used to organize rental spaces.
A convention center, education, and training facility (including lecture
halls, workshops, and classrooms), an exhibition hall or building, a
library, and a media library are all essential (rarely in the form of a
building, but rather, as an integrated part of the administrative or training
building).
Laboratory facilities, safe small or pilot production (sometimes both),
examination spaces in the form of integrated halls or independent
buildings and structures, design bureaus, a technical, and warehouses are
all included in the science and production unit. Since most SPs in the
form of a complex are multifunctional (i.e., there are science and
production units in addition to the basic units), they occasionally feature
specialist buildings. Buildings with complex intellectual property are
classified into three categories based on this classification: Specialized
buildings, which include office, laboratory, production, and experimental
facilities; Integrated buildings, which include office-production, officelaboratory, and office-laboratory-experimental premises; and Universal
buildings, in which all of the aforementioned premises are housed in a
177 | P a g e
Ain shams University – Faculty of
Engineering Department of Architecture –
Urban Design Concentration.
UPL491s – Graduation Project Thesis
single building with common areas and the option of zoning with
partitions.
10.
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