Luther Starts
the
Reformation
Causes of the
Reformation
Changes of Church Critics
 They
wanted popes to be less concerned
with luxury and political power. They did
not want to pay taxes to the Church in
Rome. They wanted the Church to
become more spiritual and humble
Martin Luther’s role
 2.
ML began the
Reformation by
challenging Church
practices
Luther’s ideas lead to war
 3.
Luther’s protest
allowed people to
criticize not only
the Church but
emperors, too
Pope Leo X
England becomes Protestant
 4.
Henry VIII had Parliament pass laws to
remove England from the Catholic Church.
This action started the Church of England
Henry VIII
and his
wives
Workbook page 63
 1.
Luther posts 95 theses
 Causes: He attacked Tetzel’s selling of
indulgences.
 Effects: Luther’s words were spread all
over Germany and attracted many
followers
Workbook page 63
 2.
Luther is excommunicated
 Causes: The pope realized that Luther
was a serious threat to papal authority.
The emperor, a devout Catholic, also felt
threatened.
 Effects: Luther was sheltered in Saxony,
where he translated
1520 Luther is excommunicate
2. (continued) the New Testament into
German. When he returned to Wittenberg,
he found many of his ideas already in use.
He and his followers had become a
separate religious group called Lutherans
Workbook page 63
 3.
German peasants revolt in 1524
 Causes: They were excited by talk of
Christian freedom and applied this idea to
social freedom by demanding an end to
serfdom.
 Effects: When the armies of the
German peasants revolt in 1524
 3.
(continued) German
princes (at Luther’s
request) crushed the
revolt, killing thousands of
people, many peasants
rejected Luther’s religious
leadership
Workbook page 63

4. The Peace of Augsburg is signed in 1555
 Causes: The Holy Roman Emperor had fought
a war against the German Protestant princes
and defeated them. However, he couldn’t force
them back into the Catholic Church
Peace of Augsburg 1555
 4.
(continued)
 Effects: The settlement
ended the war and allowed
the ruler of each German
state to decide his state’s
religion
Workbook page 63
 5.
English Parliament approves the Act of
Supremacy in 1534
 Causes: Henry VIII needed to annul his
marriage to Catherine and remarry in
order to have a male heir. When the pope
would not agree to this, Henry called a
Reformation Parliament
Act of Supremacy 1534
 5.
(continued) to strip away the pope’s
power in England: this completed Henry’s
break w/ the pope by making the king the
head of England’s church
Six wives of Henry VIII
Henry VIII
 5.
(continued)
 Effects: Henry closed all English
monasteries and seized their wealth and
land. This act increased royal power as
well as the king’s treasury.
Parliament establishes the Anglican
Church 1559
 6.
Mary Tudor changed everything back to
Catholic, Elizabeth returned England from
Catholicism to Protestantism and asked
Parliament to set up a national church
Execution of Queen Mary
Anglican Church 1559
 6.
(continued) The Anglican Church
became the only legal church in England
and people were required to attend its
services. Elizabeth organized the church
so that both Catholic moderates and
Protestant moderates might accept it.
Queen Elizabeth
Workbook page 63
 Write
a 5 sentence essay on a separate
sheet of paper using these terms:
 Indulgence, recant, Lutheran, Protestant,
and annul