Department of Mechanical Engineering
RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AN INTRODUCTION TO
OPERATING SYSTEMS
20 November 2023
Md. JOBAER HOSEN
ID: 2102012
What is Operating system?
An Operting System is the low-level software that supports
a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks and
controlling peripherals..
An operating system (OS) is an essential software that
manages the computer hardware and software resources
and provides a platform for running applications. It acts as
an intermediary between the user and the computer
hardware, allowing users to interact with the computer
and run programs seamlessly. Common operating systems
include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.
3
01
WINDOWS OPERATING
SYSTEM
History and Development of Windows
Microsoft began developing "Interface Manager" in 1983, and
Windows 1.0, the first version of the operating system, was released
in November 1985. As technology advanced and user demand for
graphical interfaces grew, Microsoft continued to release updated
versions of its operating system.
Evolution Of Windows Operating System
Concise overview of the history and evolution of WINDOWS operating systems:
❖ Windows 1.0 (1985) marked the debut of the graphical user interface (GUI) for personal
computers.
❖ Windows 2.0 (1987) enhanced the GUI with overlapping windows, improved graphics, and
network support.
❖ Windows 3.0 (1990) gained widespread popularity, introducing Program Manager, File
Manager, and Solitaire.
❖ Windows 95 (1995) revolutionized the user experience with the Start menu, Taskbar, and Plug
and Play technology, becoming the first widely used internet operating system.
❖ Windows 98 (1998) refined Windows 95 with bug fixes, the Active Desktop, WebTV, and USB
support.
❖ Windows 2000 (2000) targeted business users with enhanced stability, security, Active
Directory, NTFS file system, and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI).
Concise overview of the history and evolution of WINDOWS operating systems:
❖ Windows XP (2001) achieved immense popularity for its stability, ease of use, and extensive
hardware and software compatibility.
❖ Windows Vista (2007) introduced significant changes with the Aero interface, Windows
Sidebar, and User Account Control (UAC), but faced criticism for its high system
requirements and software issues.
❖ Windows 7 (2009) rectified Vista's shortcomings with improved stability, speed, and userfriendliness, becoming one of the most successful Windows versions.
❖ Windows 8 (2012) marked a departure with the new Start screen and touch-based interface,
receiving mixed reactions. Windows 8.1 (2013) addressed some concerns with the return of
the Start button and improved switching between desktop and Metro apps.
❖ Windows 10 (2015) restored a more traditional approach, reintroducing the Start menu,
Cortana virtual assistant, and Microsoft Edge web browser.
❖ Windows 11 (2021) introduced a redesigned user interface, performance enhancements, and
Android app support.
Advantages of WINDOWS operating system :
❏ Software Compatibility: Windows supports a wide
range of applications.
❏ User-Friendly Interface: Intuitive GUI for users of all
levels.
❏ Gaming Support: Preferred platform for PC gaming.
❏ Microsoft Integration: Seamlessly integrates with
Microsoft services.
❏ Hardware Compatibility: Works with diverse
hardware configurations.
❏ Enterprise Solutions: Robust security and
management tools for business use.
Disadvantages of WINDOWS operating system :
❏ Security Vulnerability: Prone to malware attacks.
❏ Frequent Updates: Disruptive, requires frequent
reboots.
❏ Resource Intensive: Demands substantial
hardware.
❏ Privacy Concerns: Criticized for data collection
practices.
❏ Cost: Requires a license fee.
❏ Compatibility Issues: Not always fully compatible
with certain software and peripherals.
02
LINUX OPERATING
SYSTEM
Concise overview of the History and evolution of LINUX operating systems:
❖ 1991:
Linus Torvalds, a 21-year-old Finnish student at the University of Helsinki, begins
working on the Linux kernel.
❖ 1992:
The first stable version of the Linux kernel, 0.99, is released.
The GNU General Public License (GPL) is adopted for Linux, ensuring that the software
will remain free and open-source.
❖ 1995:
The first major release of the X Window System, a graphical user interface (GUI) for
Linux, is released.
❖ 1998:
Red Hat Linux, one of the most popular Linux distributions, is released.
❖ 2004:
Google adopts Linux as the operating system for its web servers.
Concise overview of the History and evolution of LINUX operating systems:
❖ 2007:
The first Android smartphone, the HTC Dream, is released. Android is based on the
Linux kernel.
❖ 2011:
Ubuntu, one of the most popular Linux distributions, surpasses Microsoft Windows
as the most popular operating system for netbooks.
❖ 2015:
Linux is used to power the world's most powerful supercomputer, Tianhe-2.
❖ 2023:
Linux is the most popular operating system in the world, running on an estimated
70% of all web servers.
Advantages of LINUX operating system :
❏ Open Source: Users can access and modify the
source code.
❏ Stability: Known for its stability and reliability.
❏ Security: Robust security model reduces
susceptibility to malware.
❏ Cost-Effective: Generally free, saving on licensing
fees.
❏ Flexibility: Highly customizable to meet specific
needs.
❏ Diversity: Various distributions cater to different use
cases.
Disadvantages of LINUX operating system :
❏ Software Compatibility: Limited support for certain
proprietary applications.
❏ Hardware Compatibility: Some devices may lack
proper driver support.
❏ UI Consistency: Different distributions may have
inconsistent user interfaces.
❏ Gaming Limitations: Game availability and support
are not as extensive as on Windows.
❏ Peripheral Support: Some peripherals may lack
Linux drivers, limiting functionality.
03
IOS OPERATING
SYSTEM
Concise overview of the history and evolution of IOS operating systems:
❖ iPhone OS (2007): Introduction with the first iPhone.
❖ iOS 2.0 (2008): App Store and third-party app support.
❖ iOS 3.0 (2009): Copy-paste, MMS, and Voice Control.
❖ iOS 4.0 (2010): Multitasking, folders, and FaceTime.
❖ iOS 5.0 (2011): Notification Center, iMessage, and Siri.
❖ iOS 6.0 (2012): Apple Maps, Facebook integration, and Passbook.
❖ iOS 7.0 (2013): Flatter design, Control Center, and AirDrop.
Concise overview of the history and evolution of IOS operating systems:
❖ iOS 9.0 (2015): iPad Split View, News app, and improved Siri.
❖ iOS 10.0 (2016): Redesigned lock screen, Home app, and iMessage
features.
❖ iOS 11.0 (2017): Redesigned App Store, Files app, and AR capabilities.
❖ iOS 12.0 (2018): Performance focus, Screen Time, and extended
device support.
❖ iOS 13.0 (2019): Dark mode, enhanced privacy, and security features.
❖ iOS 14.0 (2020): Home screen widgets, App Library, and App Clips.
❖ iOS 15.0 (2021): FaceTime improvements, Focus mode, Live Text, and
Maps updates.
Advantages of IOS operating system :
❏
❏
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Intuitive UI: Sleek and user-friendly.
App Quality: Curated App Store for high-quality apps.
Timely Updates: Regular and prompt software updates.
Security: Strong emphasis on user data protection.
Ecosystem Integration: Seamless connectivity with Apple
devices.
❏ Performance: Optimized for efficient hardware
performance.
❏ Developer Support: Robust tools for a thriving app
ecosystem.
❏ Consistent UX: Uniform user experience across devices.
Disadvantages of IOS operating system :
❏ Closed Ecosystem: Limits customization and app choices.
❏ Expensive Hardware: Higher cost compared to some
alternatives.
❏ Limited File Management: Restrictions on file access and
management.
❏ Dependency on iTunes: Historically needed for certain
functions.
❏ Restricted Default Apps: Limited ability to replace default
apps.
❏ Limited Customization: Less flexibility in UI customization.
❏ Closed Development: Restricted to Apple's tools and
languages.
04
ANDROID
OPERATING SYSTEM
Concise overview of the history and evolution of ANDROID operating systems:
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2003: Andy Rubin founds Android Inc.
2004: Android Inc. shifts its focus to smartphones.
2005: Google acquires Android Inc.
2007: Android codebase is made public through the Android Open
Source Project (AOSP).
2008: The first commercial Android device, HTC Dream, is
released.
2009: Android 1.0 (Milestone) is officially released.
2010: Android 2.0 (Froyo) is released with performance
improvements and the Android Market.
2012: Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) unifies Android for
smartphones and tablets and becomes the most popular mobile
OS.
Concise overview of the history and evolution of IOS operating systems:
❖ 2013: Android 4.4 (KitKat) focuses on performance optimization
and accessibility.
❖ 2014: Android 5.0 (Lollipop) introduces a new design overhaul
with Material Design and replaces Dalvik virtual machine with
Android Runtime.
❖ 2015: Android 6.0 (Marshmallow) brings granular app
permissions, Doze mode, and Google Now on Tap.
❖ 2016: Android 7.0 (Nougat) introduces split-screen multitasking,
quick app launching, and bundled notifications.
❖ 2017: Android 8.0 (Oreo) focuses on performance improvements
and battery optimization.
❖ 2018: Android 9.0 (Pie) introduces gesture-based navigation,
adaptive battery, and digital well-being tools.
Advantages of ANDROID operating system :
❏ Open Source: Android is open for customization.
❏ Diverse Devices: Runs on a variety of devices.
❏ App Customization: Allows personalized app choices.
❏ Google Integration: Seamless integration with Google
services.
❏ Notification System: Robust and actionable
notifications.
❏ Multi-Tasking: Supports simultaneous use of multiple
apps.
Disadvantages of ANDROID operating system :
❏ Fragmentation: Varying device and OS versions hinder
uniform updates.
❏ Security Issues: Open nature increases susceptibility to
malware.
❏ Customization Differences: Manufacturers' tweaks lead to
inconsistent user experiences.
❏ Update Delays: Users may wait for Android updates due
to manufacturer and carrier involvement.
❏ App Quality: Diverse app standards result in varying
optimization across devices.
❏ Battery Variability: Hardware differences contribute to
inconsistent battery life.
★ https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_overview.htm
★ https://byjus.com/govt-exams/microsoft-windows/
★ https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-windows-operatingsystem/
★ https://medium.com/search?q=evoulation+of+linux
★ https://www.itrelease.com/2019/09/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-android-operatingsystem/
★ https://www.digitalaptech.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-ios/
★ https://www.britannica.com/technology/Linux
★ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history
“I have developed a Zen-like approach to
the operating systems that people use:
When you're ready, the right operating
system will appear in your life.”
—GUY KAWASAKI
ANY
QUESTIONS?
Thank You!
Have a good day.
Md. JOBAER HOSEN
ID: 2102012
STUDENT,
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology