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Medical Terminology The Body (BarCharts QuickStudy) (Corinne B. Linton) (Z-Library)

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FOUNDATION OF
MEDICAL WORDS
A. Structure
Most medical words are composed of two or more
terms. To define a medical word:
• divide the word into its terms
• analyze the terms
• define the word
Examples:
Pericarditis
peri = around; card = heart; itis = inflammation
Inflammation around the heart
Oncology
onco = tumor, mass; logy = study of
Study of tumors
B. Terms
Term + Term (.....+.....) = medical word
There are five categories of terms:
1.Prefix - beginning of a word
(ex., pre____; post_____)
Designated by a “____” after the term.
2.Suffix - ending of a word
(ex., _____stomy; _____itis)
Designated by a “____” before the term.
3.Root - foundation/base of a word (ex., hepat;
gastr)
4.Combining vowel - vowel (usually “o”) added to a
root (ex., gastro).
Use a combining vowel when joining:
a. Root to another root (ex., gastrohepatitis)
b. Root to a suffix beginning with a consonant (ex.,
cardiomegaly)
5.Combining form - root + vowel (ex., hepat/o;
gastr/o)
Designated by a “/” between the root and the vowel
Examples:
Hyperleukocytosis
hyper (prefix) = excessive
leuko (combining form) = white
cyt (root) = cell
osis (suffix) = condition of
Definition: condition of excessive white blood cells
(leukocytes)
Hematotoxic
hemato (combining form) = blood
tox (root) = poison
ic (suffix) = pertaining to
Definition: pertaining to blood poisoning
TIPS:
1.Some terms have more than one definition. To
determine the correct definition in a particular
medical word, analyze the other terms in the word.
Example:
Poliomyelitis
polio = gray (matter)
myel = spinal cord, bone marrow
itis = inflammation
Definition: Inflammation of the gray matter of the
spinal cord. The bone marrow does not have gray matter.
2.Some terms may function as a root/combining
form in one word and a suffix in another word.
Classification depends upon the specific medical
word.
Examples:
Cytology
cyto (combining form) = cell
logy (suffix) = study of
Definition: Study of cells
Erythrocyte
erythro (combining form) = red
cyte (suffix) = cell
Definition: Red blood cell
WORLD’S #1 ACADEMIC OUTLINE
THE HUMAN BODY
A. Development
Cells - tissues - organs - systems - organism
1.Cells: Major Components
a. Cell membrane
b. Cytoplasm
c. Nucleus
-genesis
2.Tissues: Primary Types
a. Connective
b. Epithelium
c. Muscle
d.Nervous
3.Organs
a. Composed of two or more different tissues
b. Have specific functions
4.Systems: Related organs with common functions
5.Organism: A living person
B. Cavities
A space containing organs
1.Dorsal
a. Cranial
b. Vertebral (spinal)
2.Ventral
a. Abdominal
b. Pelvic
c. Thoracic
C. Planes
An imaginary flat surface
1.Frontal – anterior/posterior
2.Sagittal – right/left
3.Transverse – upper/lower
D. Positions
A reference point for location or direction.
1.Anterior/Ventral – front of the body
Posterior/Dorsal – back of the body
2.Deep – away from the surface
Superficial – on the surface
3.Inferior – situated below
Superior – situated above
4.Lateral – pertaining to the side
5.Medial – pertaining to the middle
6.Prone – lying face down
Supine – lying face up
TERMS
acu-algia
anomal/o
anthrop/o
DEFINITIONS
needle
pain
irregular
man, human being
antr/o
aque/o
axi/o
bar/o
bio-, bi/o
blast/o, -blast
antrum
water
axis
weight, pressure
life, living
early embryonic
stage, immature
heat
cancer
down, downward
tail
chemical,
chemistry
time, timing
deep sleep
body
cold
cell
back
to lead
power, strength
pain
calor/i
carcin/o
catacaud/o
chem/o
chron/o
-coma
corpor/o
cry/o
cyt/o, -cyte
dors/o
duct/o
dynam/o
-dynia
equieti/o
fil/i, fil/o
-form
1
WORDS
acupuncture
cephalalgia
anomaly
anthroposomatology
antrotomy
aqueous
axial
barotaxis
biogenesis
blastocyte
calorimetry
carcinoma
catabiotic
caudal
chemosurgery
chronobiology
semicoma
corporeal
cryotherapy
cytology
dorsoventral
conduction
dynamogenesis
gastrodynia
ger/o, geront/o
gymn/o
-hexia
hist/o
hydr/o
iatr/o
-ician
ion/o
kary/o
kel/o
-labile
later/o
-logist
-logy
-lucent
lumin/o
ly/o
medi/o
medic/o
mer/o
mesomorph/o
nom/o
nomennos/o
nucle/o
nutri/o
-oma
onc/o
organ/o
path/o
pharmac/o
physi/o
-plasm
-poiesis
prote/o
psamm/o
-puncture
pyr/o
pyret/o
sanit/a
scirrh/o
somat/o
-some
spectr/o
system/o
techn/o
temp/o,
tempor/o
the/o
-therapy,
therapeut/o
therm/o
-tumescence,
tumesc/o
-type, typ/o
ventr/o
-verse
vir/o
viscer/o
vit/o
zyg/o
equality, equal
equilibrium
cause
etiology
thread
filopressure
specified shape,
multiform
form
production,
neogenesis
formation
aged, old age
geriatrics
naked
gymnophobia
condition
cachexia
tissue
histoclastic
water, hydrogen
hydrolysis
treatment, physician iatrogenic
specialist
clinician
ion
ionogram
nucleus
karyorrhexis
tumor, fibrous
keloid
growth
unstable, perishable frigolabile
side
bilateral
specialist
neurologist
study of
cardiology
light-admitting
radiolucent
light
luminescence
dissolve, loosen
lyophilic
middle
medial
heal, healing
medical
part
meromicrosomia
middle
mesoderm
shape, form
dolichomorphic
custom, law
nomotopic
name
nomenclature
disease
nosology
nucleus
nucleoplasm
to nourish
nutrition
tumor, mass
histocytoma
tumor, mass
oncogenesis
organ
organomegaly
disease
pathogenic
drugs
pharmacology
nature
physiologist
formation, growth neoplasm
formation
cytopoiesis
protein
proteolysis
sand, sand-like
psammoma
material
to pierce a surface venipuncture
fire, fever, heat
pyrogen
fever
pyretogenic
health
sanitarian
hard
scirrhoma
body
somatoscopy
body
chromosome
image, spectrum
spectrocolorimeter
system
systematic
art, skill
technology
time, the temples tempostabile
a god
treatment
theotherapy
therapeutics
heat
swelling
thermometer
detumescence
class, representative
form
belly, front of
the body
turn
virus
internal organs
life
union, junction
somatotype
ventrolateral
transverse
virologist
visceromegaly
vitamin
zygogenesis
TERMINOLOGY SETS
A. DIRECTIONAL TERMS
abaway from
adtoward, near
ambiaround, on both sides
amphiaround, on both sides
anaupward, backward
antebefore, forward
anter/o
front
antiagainst
apoaway, separation
catadown, downward
circumaround
contraagainst, opposite
dextr/o
right
diathrough, apart
disapart, to separate
ec-, ectooutside, out
en-, endoinside, within
epiabove, over, upon
esowithin
exout, away from
exooutside of, outward
extraoutside
forebefore, in front of
hyperabove, excessive, beyond
hypounder, deficient, below
infrabelow, beneath
interbetween
intrawithin
juxtanear
later/o
side
levoleft
medi/o
middle
mesomiddle
paraalongside, near, beyond, abnormal
perthrough, throughout
periaround, surrounding
postafter, behind
poster/o
behind, towards the back
prebefore, in front of
probefore
proxim/o
near
retrobehind, backward
sinistr/o
left
subunder, beneath
superabove, beyond
supraabove, beyond
tel/e
distant, end
transacross
B. FIVE rrh’s
-rrhagia, -rrhage
-rrhaphy
-rrhea
-rrhexis
rrhythm/o
excessive flow
suture
flow, discharge
rupture
rhythm
C. NUMERICAL VALUES
half
demihemisemione
monounione and a half
sesquitwo
bidithree
trifour
tetraquadrifive
quinquepentpentasix
hexhexasex-
heptaseptseptieight
octaoctinine
noniten (101)
decahundred (102)
hectothousand (103)
kilomillion (106)
megabillion (109)
gigatrillion (1012)
teraquadrillion (1015)
petaquintillion (1018)
exaone tenth (10-1)
decione hundredth (10-2) centione thousandth (10-3) millione millionth (10-6)
microone billionth (10-9)
nanoone trillionth (10-12) picoone quadrillionth (10-15) femtoone quintillionth (10-18) attoseven
D. SURGICAL PROCEDURES
-centesis
surgical puncture of a cavity
-desis
surgical fixation, fusion
-ectomy
surgical removal
-pexy
fixation
-plasty
surgical correction/repair
-rrhaphy
suture
-sect
to cut
-stomy
surgical opening
-tomy
surgical incision
-tripsy
to crush, break
E. PATHOGENS
acar/o
arachn/o
bacteri/o
-coccus
fung/i
helminth/o,
-helminth
hirud/i, hirudin/i
ixod/i
myc/o
parasit/o
pedicul/o
scolec/o
verm/i
vir/o
mites
spider
bacteria
berry-shaped bacterium
fungus, mushroom
worm
leech
ticks
fungus
parasite
louse
worm
worm
virus
SKELETAL SYSTEM
A. Bones
1.Formation – Ossification
2.Types – Long/short/flat/irregular
3.Tissues – Compact/spongy (cancellous)
4.Markings – Depressions/openings/projections
5.Axial skeleton
a. Skull
b. Vertebral column
c. Thoracic cage
6.Appendicular skeleton
a. Upper extremities
b. Lower extremities
c. Pectoral girdle
d.Pelvic girdle
B. Joints/articulations
1.Structural classification
a. Fibrous
b. Cartilaginous
c. Synovial
2.Functional classification
a. Synarthroses
b. Amphiarthroses
c. Diathroses
2
TERMS
ankyl/o
arthr/o
articul/o
brachi/o
burs/o
calcane/o
carp/o
centr/o
cephal/o
cervic/o
chir/o, cheir/o
chondr/o
cleid/o
coccyg/o
cost/o
cox/o
crani/o
cubit/o
dactyl/o
euryfaci/o
femor/o
fibul/o
geni/o
gnath/o
gnos/o
goni/o
gyr/o
holohumer/o
hypsiili/o
ischi/o
ithykyph/o
lamin/o
lip/o
-listhesis
lord/o
lox/o
lumb/o
maxill/o
mega-, megalo-megaly
mel/o
om/o
opisth/o
oste/o
panpatell/o
ped/o
pelv/i
perone/o
petr/o
phalang/o
-physis
pod/o
-porosis
pub/o
rachi/o
sacr/o
scapul/o
scoli/o
skelet/o
spin/o
spondyl/o
stern/o
synov/o
tal/o
tars/o
tibi/o
vertebr/o
xiph/o
DEFINITIONS
WORDS
stiff, crooked, bent ankylosis
joint
arthrodysplasia
joint
articulation
arm
brachiocephalic
bursa
bursolith
heel
calcaneodynia
wrist
carpoptosis
center
centrosclerosis
head
cephaledema
neck, cervix
cervicofacial
hand
chiropodalgia
cartilage
chondrodystrophy
clavicle
cleidorrhexis
coccyx
coccygodynia
rib
costosternal
hip
coxarthrosis
skull
cranioclast
elbow, forearm
genucubital
digit (finger or toe) dactylospasm
wide, broad
eurycephalic
face
facioplasty
femur
ischiofemoral
fibula
fibulocalcaneal
chin
genioplasty
jaw
gnathoschisis
knowledge
acrognosis
angle
goniometer
circle, spiral
gyrospasm
entire, complete
holoarthritis
humerus
humeroradial
high
hypsicephaly
ilium
iliolumbar
ischium
ischiodynia
erect, straight
ithylordosis
humpback
kyphoscoliosis
lamina
laminectomy
fat
lipochondroma
slipping
spondylolisthesis
curvature, bending lordoscoliosis
oblique, slanting loxarthron
loin
lumbodynia
maxilla
maxillotomy
large
megalopodia
enlargement
dactylomegaly
limb, limbs
melalgia
shoulder
omodynia
backward, behind opisthognathism
bone
osteochondroma
all
panarthritis
patella
patellofemoral
foot, child
pedal
pelvis
pelvimeter
fibula
peroneotibial
stone, petrous region petromastoid
of temporal bone
phalanges
phalangitis
growth, growing diaphysis
foot
podiatrist
porous, decrease osteoporosis
in density
pubis
pubovesical
spine
rachioplegia
sacrum
sacrocoxalgia
scapula
scapulopexy
crooked, twisted
scoliorachitic
skeleton
skeletogenous
spinal cord, spine spinocerebellar
vertebrae
spondylopyosis
sternum
sternocostal
synovia,
synovectomy
synovial membrane
talus
talofibular
tarsus, edge of eyelid tarsoclasis
tibia
tibiotarsal
vertebra
vertebrosternal
sword-shaped,
xiphocostal
xiphoid
NERVOUS SYSTEM
A. Cells
1.Neuron – Dendrites, cell body, axon
2.Neuroglia (glial)
B. Central Nervous System (CNS)
1.Brain – Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem,
diencephalon
2.Spinal cord – Ascending/descending tracts
3.Membranes (meninges) – Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
4.Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
C. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
1.Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
2.Spinal nerves (31 pairs)
3.Afferent (sensory) division: sensory receptors
4.Efferent (motor) division
a. Somatic nervous system (voluntary)
b. Autonomic nervous system (involuntary)
i. Sympathetic nervous system
ii. Parasympathetic nervous system
TERMS
-algesia, alges/o
astr/o
atel/o
-bulia, -boulia
cerebell/o
cerebr/o
-crasia
drom/o,
-drome
encephal/o
esthesi/o,
-esthesia
gangli/o,
ganglion/o
gli/o
heli/o
hydr/o
hypn/o
hypothalam/o
keraun/o
klept/o
-lemma
-lepsy
-lexia
log/o, -log,
-logue
-mania
medull/o
mening/o
ment/o
-mnesia
myel/o
narc/o
neur/o
noci-noia
-paresis
phaner/o
-phobia,
phob/o
phren/o
picr/o
piez/o, pies/i,
-piesis
-plegia
DEFINITIONS
pain sensitivity
star, star shaped
incomplete, imperfect
will
cerebellum
cerebrum, brain
mixture (good or
bad), temperament
running
WORDS
analgesia
astrocytoma
atelomyelia
abulia
cerebellospinal
cerebroid
eucrasia
brain
sensation, feeling
encephalomalacia
esthesioneurosis
ganglion
gangliocytoma
dromotropic
glue, neuroglia
sun
water, hydrogen
sleep
hypothalamus
gliocyte
heliophobia
hydrocephalocele
hypnogenic
hypothalamohypophysical
lightning
keraunoneurosis
theft, stealing
kleptomania
confining membrane epilemma
seizure
epilepsy
speech, word
bradylexia
word, speech,
logorrhea
thought
madness, obsessive hypomania
preoccupation
medulla, marrow medulloblast
meninges,
meningocele
membranes
mind
dementia
memory
ecmnesia
bone marrow,
myelocele
spinal cord
numbness, stupor narcoanesthesia
nerve
neurotripsy
to cause harm,
nociceptor
injury or pain
mind, will
paranoia
partial paralysis
hemiparesis
visible, apparent
phaneromania
fear, aversion
phobophobia
mind, diaphragm
bitter
pressure
paralysis
tachyphrenia
picrotoxin
piesesthesia
quadriplegia
poli/o
-pore
-praxia
psych/o
psychr/o
radicul/o
rhiz/o
schiz/o
somn/i, -somnia
syring/o
tauto-taxia, tax/o
tel/o
tephr/o
thanat/o
thec/o
vag/o
gray (matter)
opening, passageway
action, activity
mind
cold
nerve root
root
split, division
sleep
tube, fistula
identical, same
arrangement,
coordination
end
gray (ashen)
death
sheath
vagus nerve
poliomyelitis
neuropore
parapraxia
psychokinesis
psychrophobia
radiculitis
rhizotomy
schizophasia
insomnia
syringomyelocele
tautomeral
dystaxia
telodendron
tephromyelitis
thanatomania
neurothecitis
vagolysis
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
A. Scrotum
Sac containing the testes
B. Testes
1.Seminiferous tubules - spermatozoa
2.Interstitial cells - testosterone
C. Ducts
1.Epididymis
2.Vas deferens/ductus deferens
3.Ejaculatory duct
4.Urethra
D. Penis
Erectile tissue
E. Glands
1.Seminal vesicles
2.Prostate gland
3.Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland
F. Secretion
Semen
1.Sperm
2.Glandular secretions
TERMS
andr/o
balan/o
-cele
-cide
crypt/o
epididym/o
genit/o
gon/o
gonad/o
olig/o
orch/o, orchi/o,
orchid/o
osche/o
phall/o
phim/o
prostat/o
semin/i
sperm/o,
spermat/o
test/o, testicul/o
vas/o
venere/o
vesicul/o
zo/o
2.Ureters - Tubes
3.Bladder - Trigone
4.Urethra - Tube
B. Urine
1.Formation - Filtration, reabsorption, secretion
2.Composition - Water, nitrogenous waste, salts,
other substances
TERMS
a-, analbumin/o
ammon/o
-atresia
atretoazot/o
calci/o
cali/o
cupr/o
cyan/o
cyst/o
-ectasis, -ectasia
fusc/o
glomerul/o
keton/o
lith/o
nephr/o
noct/i
py/o
pyel/o
ren/o
uric/o
ur/o
-uresis
ureter/o
urethr/o
-uria
urin/o
vesic/o
DEFINITIONS
without, not
albumin
ammonium
closure, occlusion
closed, lacking
an opening
nitrogen, urea
calcium
calyx
copper
blue
bladder, cyst
dilation, expansion
dark brown
glomerulus
ketones
stone, calculus
kidney
night
pus
renal pelvis
kidney
uric acid
urine
urination
ureter
urethra
urine condition
urine
urinary bladder
WORDS
anuria
albuminometer
ammonuria
urethratresia
atretocystia
azoturia
hypocalciuria
pyelocaliectasis
cupruresis
urocyanosis
cystogram
nephrectasia
urofuscohematin
glomerulopathy
ketonuria
pyelolithotomy
nephrotoxic
noctalbuminuria
pyocalix
pyelophlebitis
renogastric
uricosuria
uroerythrin
diuresis
ureterocolostomy
urethrorrhagia
pyuria
urinalysis
vesicoclysis
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
A. Ovaries
DEFINITIONS
male
glans penis
hernia, swelling
killing, agent
which kills
hidden, concealed
epididymis
reproduction
genitals
gonads
scanty, few, little
testis
WORDS
androgen
balanoblennorrhea
hydrocele
spermicide
scrotum
penis
muzzle
prostate gland
semen
spermatozoa
oscheoplasty
phallodynia
paraphimosis
prostatocystotomy
seminiferous
spermatogenesis
testis
vas deferens,
vessel
sexual intercourse
seminal vesicle
animal
testectomy
vasovasostomy
cryptorchism
epididymectomy
genitourinary
gonocyte
gonadogenesis
oligospermia
orchidopexy
venereologist
vasovesiculitis
azoospermia
URINARY SYSTEM
A. Organs
1.Kidneys - Cortex, medulla, nephron, collecting
duct, renal pelvis
3
1.Oocyte development
2.Ovulation
B. Fallopian tubes/uterine tubes
Fertilization
C. Uterus
1.Wall
a. Perimetrium
b.Myometrium
c. Endometrium
2.Parts
a. Fundus
b. Body
c. Cervix
D. Vagina
Hymen
E. External genitalia/vulva
1.Labia majora/minora
2.Clitoris
3.Bartholin’s glands
F. Breasts
1.Mammary glands
2.Nipple
3.Areola
4.Lactation
G. Menstrual cycle
1.Phases
2.Hormonal interaction
3.Cessation
TERMS
amni/o
cervic/o
chori/o
-clasis, -clast,
-clasia
colp/o
culd/o
-cyesis
embry/o
episi/o
fet/o
galact/o
gravid/o
-gravida
gynec/o
helc/o
hymen/o
hyster/o
lact/o
lecith/o
-lipsis
mamm/o
mast/o
men/o
metr/o
nat/o
neonullio/o
obstetr/o
omphal/o
oophor/o
ov/o, ov/i
ovari/o
-para, -parous
-partum
perine/o
DEFINITIONS
amnion
neck, cervix
chorion
break, breaking
C. Circulation
G. Pancreas
Endocrine/exocrine tissue
1. Pulmonary
2. Systemic
H. Large intestine
Parts - cecum, colon, rectum, anus
D. Blood pressure
vagina
cul-de-sac
pregnancy
embryo
vulva
fetus
milk
pregnancy
pregnant woman
woman, female
ulcer
hymen
uterus
milk
yolk, ovum
omit, fail
breast
breast
menses,
menstruation
uterus
birth
new
none
egg, ovum
midwife
navel
ovary
egg, ovum
ovary
to bear,
bring forth
childbirth, labor
perineum
phys/o
sacchar/o
deformed,
maimed
air, gas
sugar
salping/o
terat/o
thel/o
toc/o, -tocia
tub/o
uter/o
vagin/o
viv/i
vulv/o
fallopian tube
monster
nipple
childbirth, labor
tube
uterus
vagina
life, alive
vulva
per/o
WORDS
amnioscopy
cervicovaginitis
chorioadenoma
cranioclasis
CARDIOVASCULAR
A. Heart
1.Four chambers
a. Two upper (atria)
b. Two lower (ventricles)
2.Wall
a. Endocardium
b. Myocardium
c. Pericardium
3.Two partitions
a. Interatrial septum
b. Interventricular septum
4.Four valves
a. Atrioventricular
i. Tricuspid
ii. Bicuspid (mitral)
b. Semilunar
i. Pulmonary
ii. Aortic
B. Blood vessels
1. Arteries - arterioles
2. Veins - venules
3. Capillaries
colporrhaphy
culdoscopy
ovariocyesis
embryopathy
episiostenosis
fetography
galactacrasia
gravidocardiac
unigravida
gynecography
helcomenia
hymenitis
panhysterectomy
lactorrhea
centrolecithal
menolipsis
mammography
mastalgia
menorrhagia
myometritis
neonatology
neonatal
nulliparity
oogenesis
obstetrician
omphalocele
oophorohysterectomy
ovicide
ovariocentesis
septipara
postpartum
colpoperineoplasty
peromelia
physometra
saccharogalactorrhea
salpingocyesis
teratogenesis
thelorrhagia
dystocia
tuboplasty
uterolith
vaginography
viviparous
vulvopathy
TERMS
abdomin/o
1.Systole (contraction)
2.Diastole (relaxation)
E. Pulse
Rhythmical expansion and contraction of an
artery as a result of the heart contraction
F. Electrical/Conduction system
1.Components - SA node - AV node - bundle of
His - bundle branches - Purkinje fibers
2.Measurement - EKG/ECG
TERMS
aneurysm/o
angi/o
aort/o
arteri/o
arteriol/o
DEFINITIONS
aneurysm
vessel
aorta
artery
arteriole
ather/o
fatty substance,
plaque
atrium
slow
heart
movement
irrigation,
washing
heart
embolus
suppress, restrain
enlargement
less, smaller
movement,
motion
flutter, throbbing
atri/o
bradycardi/o
cine-clysis
coron/o
embol/o
isch/o
-megaly
mi/o
-motor
palpit/o,
palpitat/o
phleb/o
presbyrhe/o
vein
aging, elderly
flow, current,
stream
-spasm
involuntary
contraction
sphygm/o
pulse
-sphyxia
pulse
-stenosis
narrowed,
constricted
tachyfast
tel/e
end, distant
-tension
stretched,
strained
valv/o, valvul/o valve
varic/o
varicose veins
vas/o
vessel,
vas deferens
vascul/o
vessel
ven/o
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle of the
heart or brain
venul/o
venule
WORDS
aneurysmectomy
angioblast
aortomalacia
arteriolith
arteriolosclerosis
atheroma
atrioseptopexy
bradycardia
cardioptosis
cineangiograph
venoclysis
coronary
embolectomy
ischemia
atriomegaly
miocardia
venomotor
palpitation
phleborrhexis
presbycardia
rheocardiography
vasospasm
sphygmoscope
asphyxia
aortostenosis
tachycardia
telecardiography
hypertension
valvulotome
varicophlebitis
vasohypotonic
vasculitis
venography
ventriculogram
venular
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
A. Oral cavity
Tongue, teeth, hard/soft palate, gums, salivary
glands
B. Pharynx
C. Esophagus
D. Stomach
1.Sphincters
2.Parts - fundus, body, pylorus
E. Small intestine
Parts - duodenum, jejunum, ileum
F. Liver
Right and left lobes
4
DEFINITIONS
abdomen
WORDS
abdominocentesis
cholagogue
dentagra
amylolysis
anorectocolonic
arsenicophagy
ateloglossia
producer, leader
severe pain
starch
anus
arsenic
incomplete,
imperfect
bil/i
bile
biligenesis
bucc/o
cheek
buccal
cec/o
cecum
cecoileostomy
celi/o
abdomen
celiomyositis
cheil/o, chil/o
lip
cheiloschisis
-chezia, -chesia defecation
dyschezia
chol/e
gall, bile
cholangiostomy
choledoch/o
common bile duct choledocholithiasis
chyl/o
chyle
chylopoiesis
col/o
colon
proctocolectomy
dent/i
tooth
dentalgia
dips/o
thirst
adipsia
duoden/o
duodenum
duodenohepatic
-emesis
vomiting
hyperemesis
enter/o
intestines
enteroclysis
(small intestines)
esophag/o
esophagus
esophagocele
gastr/o
stomach
dextrogastria
ge/o
earth, soil
geophagia
gingiv/o
gums
gingivoplasty
gloss/o
tongue
glossolalia
gluc/o
glucose, sugar
glucokinetic
glyc/o
glucose, sugar
glycosialorrhea
hepat/o
liver
hepatosplenomegaly
idi/o
individual, distinct, idioglossia
unknown
ile/o
ileum
ileoileostomy
jejun/o
jejunum
jejunorrhaphy
lapar/o
abdomen,
laparoscope
abdominal wall
lingu/o
tongue
retrolingual
loph/o
ridge
lophodont
odont/o
tooth
anodontia
or/o
mouth
intraoral
-orexia
appetite
hyperorexia
orth/o
straight, normal, orthodontist
correct
palat/o
palate
palatoplegia
-pepsia
digestion
dyspepsia
peritone/o
peritoneum
peritoneoclysis
phag/o,
eating, ingestion phagodnamomphagia
eter
-posia
drinking
polyposia
-prandial
meal
postprandial
proct/o
rectum, anus
proctopexy
ptyal/o
saliva
ptyalogenic
pyl/e
portal vein
pylemphraxis
pylor/o
pylorus
pyloroplasty
pyr/o
heat, fire, fever pyrosis
rect/o
rectum
rectocele
sial/o
saliva
sialolith
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
sigmoidoscope
sit/o
food
sitophobia
splanchn/o
viscera
splanchnoptosis
-stalis
contraction
peristalsis
staphyl/o
uvula, grapelike staphylorrhaphy
clusters
stomat/o
mouth
stomatomalacia
-tresia
opening,
proctotresia
perforation
typhl/o
cecum, blindness typhlectasis
uran/o
palate
uranoschisis
zym/o
enzyme, ferment zymolysis
-agogue
-agra
amyl/o
an/o
arsenic/o
atel/o
BLOOD
A. Composition
1.Plasma (55%) - Pale, yellow fluid
2.Formed elements (cells) - 45%
a. Erythrocytes
b. Leukocytes
i. Granulocytes (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils)
ii. Agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes)
c. Thrombocytes (platelets)
B. Blood Groups
1.ABO Group
a. Types - A/B/AB/O
b. Determined by antigen(s) on erythrocyte
2.Rh Group
a. Rh+ / Rhb. Presence or absence of Rh antigen on erythrocyte
C. Blood Clotting (coagulation)
1.Chemical reactions
2.Clot prevention
3.Clot retraction
TERMS
agglutin/o
anis/o
bas/o, basi/o
coagul/o
-crit
-emia
eosin/o
erythr/o
ferr/i, ferr/o
gigant/o
-globin
granul/o
hem/o,
hemat/o
kal/i
leuk/o
myel/o
natr/o
neutr/o
norm/o
-pheresis
-phil, -philia
-phore
-phoresis
phosphat/o
poikil/o
pykn/o, pycn/o
rhod/o
sangu/i,
sanguin/o
sapr/o
schist/o,
-schisis
ser/o
sider/o
spher/o
strept/o
thromb/o
-volemia
DEFINITIONS
clumping
unequal
WORDS
agglutinophilic
anisonormocytosis
base, foundation basophil
coagulation,
coagulopathy
clotting
separate
thrombocytocrit
blood condition erythremia
red, rosy, dawn
eosinopenia
red
erythrocytoschi
sis
iron
ferrometer
huge
gigantocyte
protein
hemoglobin
granules
agranulocytosis
blood
hemocytozoon
potassium
white
bone marrow,
spinal cord
sodium
neutral
normal, usual
removal
affinity for,
tendency towards
bearer, processor
bearing,
transmission
phosphate
variation,
irregular
thick, dense
red, rosy
blood
hyperkalemia
leukocytotoxin
myelocytosis
hypernatremia
neutropenia
normochromo
cyte
plateletpheresis
hemophilia
siderophore
electrophoresis
phosphatemia
poikiloblast
pyknocyte
rhodocyte
sanguiferous
rotten, decay
split, cleft
sapremia
schistocyte
serum, serous
iron
round, sphere
twisted, curved
clot, thrombus
serosanguineous
sideropenia
spherocytosis
streptococcemia
thromboelastogram
normovolemia
blood volume
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
A. Characteristics
1.Ductless glands called endocrine glands
2.Glands secrete hormones directly into the blood
stream
3.Hormones affect growth/development, reproduction, metabolism
B. Endocrine Glands
1.Pituitary
a. anterior
b. posterior
lepid/o
lepr/o
onych/o
pachypapul/o
perspir/o
phyt/o
hollow, concave,
depressed
flakes, scales
leprosy
nail
thick
papule, pimple
breathe through
plant
pil/o
prurit/o
pseudo-
hair
itching
false
psor/o
py/o
rhytid/o
seb/o
steat/o
sud/o
trich/o
ul/o
ungu/o
verruc/i
xer/o
itching
pus
wrinkle
sebum
fat
sweat
hair
scar, scarring
nail
wart
dry
koil/o
2.Thyroid
3.Parathyroid
4.Adrenal
a. medulla
b. cortex
5.Pancreas
6.Testes
7.Ovaries
8.Pineal
9.Thymus
TERMS
acr/o
aden/o
adren/o
cortic/o
crin/o
hirsut/o
hormon/o
medull/o
myx/o
pancreat/o
DEFINITIONS
extremities
gland
adrenal glands
cortex
secrete, separate
hairy
hormone
medulla, marrow
mucus
pancreas
parathyroid/o
phe/o
parathyroid
dusky
pineal/o
pituitar/o
thym/o
thyr/o
tox/o, toxic/o
-trophy, troph/o
pineal gland
pituitary gland
thymus gland
thyroid gland
poison
nourishment,
growth
WORDS
acrogeria
adenectopia
adrenomegaly
corticoadrenal
crinogenic
hirsutism
hormonopoiesis
medulloadrenal
myxedema
pancreatolithotomy
parathyroidoma
pheochromoctoma
pinealopathy
pituitarism
thymotoxin
thyrocele
thyrotoxicosis
hypertrophy
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
A. Skin
Layers
1.Epidermis
2.Dermis/corium
3.Subcutaneous/hypodermis
koilonychia
lepidosis
leproma
onychomycosis
pachydermatocele
papulopustular
perspiration
phytophotodematitis
pilomotor
pruritogenic
pseudochromhidrosis
psoriasis
pyodermatitis
rhytidectomy
seborrhea
steatocryptosis
sudokeratosis
hypertrichosis
uloid
subungual
verrucosis
xeroderma
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
A. Upper Respiratory Tract
1.Nose - Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
2.Pharynx - Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
B. Lower Respiratory Tract
1.Larynx - Vocal Cords
2.Trachea - C-shaped rings of cartilage
3.Bronchi
a. Right/left bronchus
b. Bronchioles - alveoli
4.Lungs
a. Lobes - right (3) / left (2)
b. Pleura
B. Hair
1.Components
C. Pulmonary Ventilation
a. Shaft
b. Root
c. Bulb
1.Inspiration/expiration
2.Diaphragm
2.Cycle - Growth/resting
C. Glands
1.Sebaceous/oil - sebum
2.Sudoriferous/sweat
a. apocrine
b. eccrine
D. Nails
Components
1.Free edge
2.Nail body
3.Nail root
DEFINITIONS
thorny, spiny
ray, radiation
bromine
containing
compound, odor
caus/o, cauter/o burn, burning
-chroia
skin coloration
chrom/o
color
chrys/o
gold
cutane/o
skin
derm/o,
skin
dermat/o
erythem/o
flushed, redness
eschar/o
scab
graph/o
writing
hidr/o
sweat
ichthy/o
fish
iod/o
iodine
kerat/o
horny tissue,
cornea
TERMS
acanth/o
actin/o
brom/o
5
WORDS
acanthoma
actinodermatitis
bromoderma
causalgia
xanthochroia
chromomycosis
chrysiasis
subcutaneous
dermatopathy
erythema
escharotomy
graphesthesia
hyperhidrosis
ichthyosis
iododerm
keratolysis
TERMS
alveol/o
aspir/o,
aspirat/o
blenn/o
brachybronch/o
bronchiol/o
-capnia, capn/o
coni/o
epiglott/o
lal/o, -lalia
lampr/o
laryng/o
lept/o
DEFINITIONS
WORDS
alveolus
alveolitis
inhaling, removal aspiration
mucus
short
bronchus
bronchiole
carbon dioxide
dust
epiglottis
speech, babble
clear
larynx
slender, thin,
delicate
lob/o
lobe
mediastin/o
mediastinum
mogidifficult
nas/o
nose
osm/o,
sense of smell,
-osmia
odor, impulse
osphresi/o,
sense of smell,
-osphresia
odor
ox/o, -oxia
oxygen
-pagus
conjoined twins
pector/o
chest
phas/o, -phasia speech
phon/o, -phonia voice, sound
phren/o
mind, diaphragm
pimel/o
fat, fatty
pleur/o
pleura
-pnea
breathe
blennothorax
brachypnea
bronchorrhagia
bronchiolectasis
hypercapnia
coniofibrosis
epiglottitis
laliatry
lamprophonia
laryngoxerosis
leptophonia
lobectomy
mediastinoscopy
mogiphonia
nasolabial
anosmia
osphresiometer
hypoxia
thoracopagus
pectoralgia
dysphasia
rhinophonia
phrenalgia
pimelorthopnea
pleurocholecystitis
hyperpnea
pneum/o
pneumon/o
-ptosis
-ptysis
pulmon/o
respir/o,
respirat/o
rhin/o
sept/o
silic/o
sinus/o
span/o
spir/o
steth/o
therm/o
thorac/o
trache/o
traumat/o
xen/o
lung, air
lung, air
prolapse, drooping
spitting
lung
breathe, breathing
pneumopexy
pneumonomycosis
laryngoptosis
hemoptysis
pulmonologist
respirator
nose
partition
silica, quartz
cavity, sinus
scanty, scarce
breathe
chest
heat
chest
trachea
trauma, injury,
wound
strange, foreign
rhinolithiasis
septorhinoplasty
silicosis
sinusotomy
spanopnea
bronchospirometer
stethoscope
thermopolypnea
thoracoschisis
tracheostenosis
traumatopnea
xenophonia
1.Excitability
2.Contractility
3.Elasticity
4.Extensibility
-pterygium
tenorrhaphy
tenontography
kinesiotherapy
tone, tension
myatonia
pupill/o
retin/o
scler/o
scot/o
son/o
staped/o
stich/o, -stichia
stigmat/o
-tropia
tympan/o
uve/o
vitre/o
SPECIAL SENSES: EYE/EAR
A. Eye
1.Layers/Tunics
a. Fibrous
i. Sclera
ii. Cornea
b. Vascular
i. Choroid
ii. Ciliary body
iii. Iris
a. clear, watery fluid
b. formed from interstitial fluid
2.Lymphatic Vessels - Valves
3.Lymphatic Organs
a. Tonsils
i. palatine
ii. pharyngeal
iii. lingual
b. Lymph Nodes - concentration of nodes
i. inguinal
ii. axillary
iii. cervical
2.Middle
a. Auditory/eustachian tube
b. Auditory ossicles - Malleus/incus/stapes
c. Spleen
d.Thymus
3.Inner
Bony labyrinth-semicircular
canals/vestibule/cochlea
2.Smooth
a. Involuntary/nonstriated
b. Located in walls of hollow organs
3.Cardiac
WORDS
myasthenia
auxotonic
achalasia
ergometry
fasciodesis
fibromyoma
flexor
ideomuscular
kinesioneurosis
leiomyoma
ligamentopexy
myolysis
musculoskeletal
myorrhexis
paleokinetic
palikinesia
pygalgia
rhabdoid
rhabdomyolysis
rotator
myostasis
sthenometry
myostroma
TERMS
acous/o
acoust/o
ambly/o
audi/o, audit/o
aur/o,
auricul/o
blephar/o
cochle/o
conjunctiv/o
cor/o
corne/o
-cusis
cycl/o
dacry/o
dipl/o
hygr/o
ir/o, irid/o
kerat/o
lacrim/o
logad/o
myring/o
ocul/o
ophthalm/o
ophry/o
-opia, -opsia
opt/o
ot/o
palpebr/o
phac/o
phak/o
phot/o
platy-
pupillatonia
retinotoxic
sclerectasia
scotopia
sonometer
stapedectomy
polystichia
astigmatism
anatropia
tympanosclerosis
uveoplasty
vitreocapsulitis
1.Lymph
a. Auricle
b. External auditory canal
c. Tympanic membrane/eardrum
a. Voluntary/striated
b. Movement
c. Naming
d.Attached to the skeleton
pimelopterygium
A. Lymphatic System
c. Nervous - Retina
1.External
1.Skeletal
abnormality of the
conjunctiva
pupil
retina
sclera
darkness
sound
stapes
rows
mark, point
to turn
eardrum
uvea
glassy, vitreous
body
LYMPHATIC & IMMUNE SYSTEM
B. Ear
B. Types
ISBN-13: 978-142320291-2
ISBN-10: 142320291-0
syndesmectopia
a. Eyebrows
b. Eyelids
c. Lacrimal apparatus
d.Conjunctiva
e. Eyelashes
A. Characteristics
U.S. $5.95/CAN $8.95
ten/o
tenont/o
-therapy,
therapeut/o
ton/o
ligament,
connective tissue
tendon
tendon
treatment
2.Associated Structures
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
a. Involuntary/striated
b. Found in the heart
TERMS
DEFINITIONS
-asthenia,
weakness
asthen/o
aux/o
growth, acceleration
-chalasia
relaxation
erg/o
work
fasci/o
fascia
fibr/o
fiber, fibrous
flex/o
bend
ide/o
idea, mental images
kinesi/o,
movement
- kinesia,-kinetic
lei/o
smooth
ligament/o
ligament
-lysis
dissolution,
breakdown
muscul/o
muscle
my/o, myos/o
muscle
pale/o
old
palin-, palirecurrence,
repetition
pyg/o
buttocks
rhabd/o
rod
rhabdomy/o
striated/skeletal
muscle
rot/o, rotat/o
turn, revolve
-stasis
standing still,
standing
sthen/o, -sthenia strength
-stroma
supporting tissue
of an organ
syndesm/o
DEFINITIONS
hearing
hearing, sound
dim, dull
hearing
ear
B. Immune System
WORDS
acousia
acoustics
amblyoscope
audiometer
auriculotemporal
eyelid
blepharorrhaphy
cochlea
cochleitis
conjunctiva
conjunctivitis
pupil
corectasia
cornea
corneosclera
hearing
presbycusis
ciliary body, circular cyclodialysis
tear
dacryoadenectomy
double
diploscope
moisture
hygroblepharic
iris
iridemia
cornea, horny tissue keratomalacia
tear, lacrimal duct lacrimotomy
whites of the eyes logadectomy
eardrum
myringomycosis
eye
oculonasal
eye
ophthalmodynia
eyebrow
ophryitis
vision
heteropsia
eye, vision
optometer
ear
otopyorrhea
eyelid
palpebritis
lens
phacocele
lens
phakoma
light
photophobia
broad, flat
platycoria
NOTE TO STUDENT
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6
1.Non-specific response - skin, inflammation, phagocytosis
2.Specific response
a. acquired immunity
i. natural (active/passive)
ii. artificial (active/passive)
b. antibody-mediated immunity
c. cell-mediated immunity
TERMS
adenoid/o
alloautoaxill/o
-edema
-emphraxis
immun/o
inguin/o
lien/o
lymph/o
nod/o
-penia
peri-phylaxis
ple/o
sarc/o
-sepsis
splen/o
tetan/o
thym/o
tonsill/o
top/o
vaccin/o
DEFINITIONS
adenoids
other, different
self
armpit
swelling
stoppage,
obstruction
protection,
immune
groin
spleen
lymph
knot
deficiency
around
protection
more
flesh
putrefaction
spleen
tetanus
thymus
tonsils
particular place
or area
vaccine
CREDITS
Author: Dr. Corinne B. Linton
Customer Hotline # 1.800.230.9522
hundreds of titles at
quickstudy.com
WORDS
adenoidectomy
allotoxin
autoantitoxin
axillary
lymphedema
splenemphraxis
immunogenic
inguinodynia
lienomalacia
lymphangiophlebitis
nodular
lymphocytopenia
perilymphangitis
anaphylaxis
pleocytosis
lymphosarcoma
antisepsis
splenectasis
tetanophilic
thymectomy
tonsillolith
splenectopy
vaccinogenous
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