Power Electronics 2022
Power Electronics
陳耀銘(Yaow-Ming Chen) 教授
陳景然(Ching-Jan Chen) 副教授
金藝璘 (Katherine A. Kim)副教授
台大電機系
電機二館 408/348/336
ntuymchen@ntu.edu.tw/chenjim@ntu.edu.tw/kakim@ntu.edu.tw
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Power Electronics 2022
Course Information
• Instructor: Dr. Ching-Jan Chen (陳景然), Dr. YaowMing Chen (陳耀銘), Dr. Katherine A. Kim (金藝璘)
• TA: Danny Huang (黃顗融) EE2-252.
d09921001@ntu.edu.tw
• Course website: NTU COOL
– Course slides and reference material will be upload
to COOL before class. Please print them by
yourself
– Course recordings, study videos, and homework
will be published on COOL
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Power Electronics 2022
Power Electronics Course Map
Power Electronics
(PE1)
Special Topics on
Power Electronics
(PE2)
First semester
Second semester
Power Electronics and
Integrated Circuit
Control
(PEIC) (IC for PE )
Second semester
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Power Electronics 2022
What will You Learn from this Course?
• This course introduces
(1) basic power converter circuits,
(2) feedback control for converters,
(3) magnetic components used in power circuits
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Power Electronics 2022
Background Knowledge
• System (Switching converter):
– Electronic circuit theory
• Control
– Basic linear control theory
• Software:
– SIMPLIS
– Simulators will be used frequently in
homework and project
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Power Electronics 2022
Syllabus (1)
Week Date
Subject
1
9/5
2
9/12 Basic converters: PWM, buck, boost, buck-boost, SIMPLIS introduction (hw1)
3
9/19 Zeta, SPEIC, Cuk, Components, parasitic effects
4
9/26 Magnetics: basic magnetic laws, Isolated converters: Flyback
5
10/3 Isolated converters: Forward, Push-pull, Bridge (hw2)
6
10/10 Vacation
7
10/17
8
10/24 Midterm
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Syllabus, introduction
(Video course) Magnetic laws applications on switching converters: Maximum
Flux Density, Magnetizing Current, Magnetic components design: Inductors
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Power Electronics 2022
Syllabus (2)
Week
Date
Subject
9
10/31 Converter control: review of linear control theory, Bode plot, frequency analysis
10
11/7 Voltage-mode control small-signal models (hw3)
11
11/14 Loop gain, stability, compensation, design examples
12
11/21 PWM switch model (hw4)
13
11/28 Magnetic laws applications on switching converters: Flux Continuity, Shielding
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12/5 Magnetic components design: Transformers
15
12/12 Group presentation
16
12/19 Final
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Power Electronics 2022
Grading Policy
• Homework and group presentation : 30%
– Often use simulation tools
• Midterm : 30%
• Final : 30%
• Attendance and discussion : 10%
– You get extra credits if ask or answer
questions at class, present at class,
participating group discussion
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Power Electronics 2022
Group Presentation
• Assign a specific converter application and
specification.
• Design power stage (including magnetic
component) and feedback loop. Simulate
steady-state and transient response of the
close-loop converter.
• Apply what you learned this
semester to this design project
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Power Electronics 2022
Teaching Style
• Before class: Preview keywords, course note
and video
• At class: Lecture, Q&A, group Q discussion
– Form a group of around 4 people to discuss
provided questions
– Point students to answer question
• Record class video and upload each week
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Q:take rest per hour?
Office hour
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Power Electronics 2022
Lecture in English
• This course is taught in English
• But don’t worry…
– Key idea will be repeated in Chinese
– Student’s Q&A, discussion, presentation can be in
Mandarin or Taiwanese, I will translate it if needed
– Let me know if the lecture is too fast or unclear
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Power Electronics 2022
Rules
• Homework: discussion is allowed, but you have
to do it independently
• Late homework or project get 80% grade
• Plagiarism (抄襲) or cheating: get zero grade
• Must during class: Respect other students
• 守時不遲到 (Be on time) 2.食物要收好 (No
food/drink) 3.專心不睡覺 (Pay attention)
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Power Electronics 2022
References
• Textbook: Lecture note
– Please download from NTU COOL and print it by
yourself
• Reference Books:
– Robert Erickson and Dragan Maksimovic,
“Fundamentals of Power Electronics,” 2nd Edition,
2001.
– 梁適安, “交換式電源供給器之理論與實務設計”,
全華圖書, 2008.
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Power Electronics 2022
Refer Lecture Notes to Reference Book Chapters
• Lecture note
–
–
–
–
Nonisolated converters - ch. 2, 3, 5
Isolated converters - ch. 6.3
Converter control - ch. 7~9
Magnetic components - ch. 13~15
• Reference Book:
– Robert Erickson and Dragan Maksimovic, “Fundamentals of
Power Electronics,” 2nd Edition, 2001.
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Power Electronics 2022
References
• Papers:
–
–
–
–
–
Use IEEE Xplore or google scholar
IEEE transactions on power electronics
IEEE transactions on industrial electronics
IEEE related conferences: ECCE, APEC, ISSCC
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine
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Power Electronics 2022
Lecture 1 Introduction
•
•
•
•
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What is Power Electronics?
Power Electronic Systems
Classification of Power Converter Circuits
Main Research Areas
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Power Electronics 2022
Power Electronic
• Definition:
Using electronic components to control and convert electric
power
Power MOSFET, rectifier, passive devices (L, C)…
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Power Electronics 2022
What is Power Electronics?
• Power electronics is the application of solid-state
electronics for the control and conversion of electric
power. It also refers to a subject of research in electrical
engineering which deals with design, control,
computation and integration of nonlinear, time varying
energy processing electronic systems with fast dynamics.
-- Wikipedia
• Power electronics is the application of electronic circuits
to energy conversion. This technology encompasses the
use of electronic components, the application of circuit
theory and design techniques, and the development of
analytical tools toward efficient electronic conversion,
control, and conditioning of electric power. -- IEEE PELS 18
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Power Electronics 2022
Conversion Technology
• Circuit theory
• Conversion efficiency
• Switching matrices
• Signal processing
• EMI and filter circuit
• Magnetic components
• Rotating machines
Power
Electronics
Power Semiconductor Technology
• Power devices
• Power ICs
• Drive circuits
• Protection circuits
• Heat sinks
Power Control Technology
• IC control packages
• Microelectronic circuits
• Microprocessor circuits
• Digital and analog electronic circuits
• Control theory：transient and stability issues
• Digital and information signal processing
• Simulation
Power electronics encompasses three technologies:
power semiconductor, power conversion, and power control.
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Power Electronics 2022
Power Electronic Systems
▪ Power stage (Switching converter): High efficiency
▪ Control stage
▪ Controller is usually implemented in IC to save board area and
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Ideal converter eff?
Power Electronics 2022
• In power electronic circuits there exist two types of switching
devices: one type in the power stage that handles high power
up to hundreds of gigawatts (which represents the muscle of
the system) and another type in the feedback control circuit
that handles low power up to hundreds of milliwatts,
representing the brain or intelligence of the system.
• Electronics deals with signal processing; Power electronics
deals with power processing: power loss and conversion
efficiency are important
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Power Electronics 2022
Device Available for Converters
Power processing: avoid lossy elements
Power semiconductor switches, power management IC
(PMIC), magnetics, capacitors
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Group Q:
What devices are preferred for better efficiency?
What devices are preferred for small size?
Power loss of ideal switch?
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Power Electronics 2022
•
Power conversion refers to the power
electronic circuit that changes one of
the following:
– voltage form (ac or dc)
– voltage level (magnitude)
– voltage frequency (line or otherwise)
– Voltage waveshape (sinusoidal or
nonsinusoidal)
– Voltage phase (single-or-threephase)
Detailed block diagram of a power
electronic system
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Power Electronics 2022
Classification of Power Electronics Circuits
• There are four conversion circuits that are used in the
majority of today’s power electronic circuits:
–
–
–
–
AC-AC
AC-DC
DC-AC
DC-DC
• In terms of the functional description, modern power
electronic systems perform one or more of the following
conversion functions:
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–
–
–
Rectification (ac-dc)
Inversion (dc-ac)
Cycloconversion (ac-ac, same/different frequencies)
Conversion (dc-dc)
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Power Electronics 2022
Rectification (ac-dc)
• The term rectification refers to the power circuit whose function
is to alter the ac characteristic of the line electric power to
produce a “rectified” ac power at the load site that contains the
dc value.
rectifier
(a)
(b)
ac-dc rectification (a) Simplified block diagram representation (b) Example of ac-dc conversion
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Power Electronics 2022
Inversion (dc-ac)
• The term inversion is used to power electronic circuits for the
function that alters the dc source (e.g. a battery) with no ac
components into an “inverted” ac power at the load that has no
dc components.
inverter
(a)
(b)
(c)
Dc-ac inversion (a) Simplified block diagram representation (b) Example of dc-ac
inversion (c) Block diagram representation with high frequency inversion
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Power Electronics 2022
Cycloconversion or Voltage Controllers
(ac-ac)
• The term cycloconversion is used for power electronic circuits
that convert the ac input power at one frequency to an ac output
power at a different frequency using one-stage conversion.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Cycloconversion (a) One-stage ac-ac cycloconversion (b) Example of ac-ac conversion
waveforms (c) Two-stage ac-ac cycloconversion
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Power Electronics 2022
Conversion (dc-dc)
• Dc-dc converters are used in power electronic circuits to
convert an unregulated input dc voltage to a regulated or
variable dc output voltage.
converter
(a)
(b)
(c)
Dc-dc conversion (a) One-stage dc-dc conversion (b) Example of waveforms (c) Two-stage
dc-dc conversion
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Power Electronics 2022
Main Research Areas
• The main areas of power electronics research include:
– Electronic devices (like diodes, transistors, SiC, and GaN HEMT)
– Control and regulation
– Power converter circuit design and work with various topologies
for converter circuits
– Magnetic components (such as transformers and inductors)
– Electronic circuit packaging and manufacturing
– Control of electrical motors
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Power Electronics 2022
Power Electronics Lab (PELab) 陳景然 教授
• DC/DC converter control, Power IC design
- Cellphone、computer、server、CPU、EV
- Work with Taiwan’s leading power supply and power IC
companies
• Challenges due to AI processors, increased power…
•
•
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Power becomes the bottleneck of device performance
Reduce converter size, increase efficiency and battery
usage time
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Power Electronics 2022
From Control, Modeling, to Power IC Design
Extend loop BW
Converter Control and ckt design Control Modeling
Phase 2
Phase 1
MP1
VGP1
VGP1
L1
LX1
VGN1
VGN1
RDCR1
Cap. Current Sensor
with Calibration
VDVS
MN1
Inductor Current
Cap.
Sensor
Current
MN1
CCCS
Sensor
ViL1
Dead-time
Circuit
IL
RCCS
Resr
ViC
Ramp
1.8
ViC
1.6
Ripple-based control
Gain optimizer
Io
(A)
(Adjustable, adaptive)
VPWM
VERR
Processor
VDN1
ViL1
ViL1
ViL2
CL
IPROBE2 / A
VDP1
(Accurate small-signal model)
RDCR2
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
VCMP
To
0.2
CMP
VOPT
Adjustable
OTA
Compensation
n
Variable Frequency and
VERR
VC
Dynamic On-Time control
vO
(V)
VREF
(from COSPIC)
Current-Balance Control
in Richtek’s commercial products
Q=15
1.1
1.08
VOUT / V
VIN
L2
LX2
MP2
1.06
1.04
Q=1
1.02
Q=0.2
1
0.98
700
time/uSecs
720
740
760
780
800
20uSecs/div
Chip Tape-Out
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Power Electronics 2022
電能處理研究實驗室 -- 陳耀銘 教授
Electric Energy Processing Research Labortory (EEPro)
• Power Converters
• Renewable Energy System
• GaN or SiC Applications
• PMSM Motor Drive
• Electric Motor Emulator (EME)
Motor
Motor
Drive
Mechanical
Load
Conventional Motor System
EME
Motor
Drive
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EME
Inverter
Filter
EME System
• Solid State Transformer (SST)
• PV/Wind Grid-Connection
• Battery Energy System
Disadvantages:
1. Difficult to implement
2. Large noise and vibration
3. Huge motor maintenance efforts
4. Large power consumption
Benefits of EME:
1. Small space requirement
2. No rotational components
3. No motor maintenance cost
4. Electric Energy Recycle
5. Easy to implement various motors
6. Failure mode test
Power Electronics 2022
EME Computer Simulation
Speed:
MATLAB Motor Model
EME Platform
Speed and Current are
almost identical
Current
MATLAB Motor Model
EME Platform
EME Hardware Implementation
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2400 rpm 6 N-m
Power Electronics 2022
再生能源電力電子研究 金藝璘 教授
Smart PV Inverter Development:
• PV monitoring and safety algorithms
• Differential Power Processing converters
PV Inverter
Thermal Experiments
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Hardware Development & Testing
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Power Electronics 2022
Energy Harvesting: Photovoltaic-Powered Wearables
Energy Harvesting: Triboelectric Nanogenerator Power Circuitry
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Energy Harvesting:
• Power from vibrations
• Internet of Things applications
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Power Electronics 2022
Announcement: Do it at Home
• Go to course website and download course
notes
• Download SIMPLIS and play
• Preview next week course notes and search
keywords
EE/NTU
– Switching-Mode Power Converters, Pulse
Width Modulation (PWM), Buck converter,
Voltage-Second Balance, Continuous
Conduction Mode (CCM)/ discontinuous
Conduction Mode (DCM), boost, buck/boost
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