ADJECTIVE CLAUSE (AC)
AC adalah anak kalimat (complex conjunction + S +V + O) yang menjelaskan Noun di depannya.
AC selalu jatuh setelah N karena dia berfungsi menjelaskan Noun di depannya.
Dalam kalimat letak adjective clause adalah di :
Dimana saja asal sebelumnya ad noun.
1. Jatuh setelah Noun yang berfungsi sebagai Subject.
2. Setelah Noun yang berfungsi sebagai Object
3. Setelah Noun yang jatuh setelah preposition
Example:
The girl whom you like bought the flower which you wanted in the market where you met me
Example :
Companies will give incentive to employees who/that show good working performance
The president whom/that they elected promised thema better life condition
The money which/ that they earn can not meet their daily necessity
It is good for children to read books which / that have colorful pictures in it.
Dalam adjective clause, whose bermakna " yang .....nya"
Example:
The house whose yard (yang halamannya) is large looks nice.
Rumus:
Whose + noun
(Conjunction whose harus selalu di ikuti N ,dan setelah N tersebut boleh langsung Verb atau S V)
Example:
Children parents (yang orang tuanya) are educated will show good attitude
The man whose book you borrowed wanted to see you.
Conjunction when , where, why, di ikuti struktur yang lengkap.
Example:
France reached a peak in 1990 when it outnumbered all the other countries
The higgest book expenditure went to Germany where people spent $80 on it
Poverty is the reason why the girls work in the prostitution
Perhatikan kesesuaian subject dengan verb-nya
Jika setelah conjunction ada subject -nya, maka verb dalam adjective clause -nya menyesuaikan dengan
subject setelah conjunction tersebut.
Example:
Poverty is the reason why girls work in the prostitution
Note:
Tapi jika setelah conjunction tidak ada Subject nya (misalnya setelah conjunction who, which, dan that)
jika verbnya menyesuaikan dengan Noun yang jatuh sebelum conjunctionnya.
Example:
The students who/that/ often cheat in their academic life tend to cheat in their adulthood
The student who/that gets the highest score will be given scholarship.
NOUN CLAUSE
1. Noun clause adalah subclause/dependent clause /anak kalimat (complex conjunction + S + V) yang
menggantikan N.
Noun clause tidak jatuh setelah Noun.
Example:
His discovery was great.
What he discovered was great.
2. Noun clause bisa menggantikan Noun dalam posisi apapun, entah Noun sebagai Subject, sebagai
Object, atau setelah preposisi.
The book is good
What you read is good
I like the book
I like what you read
I am interested in the book.
I am interested in what you read
2. Ada 12 conjunction yang mengawali noun clause :
Who
Whom
Whose
What
Which
When
Where
If
Whether
That
Why
How
3. Ketahuilah pola pola setelah conjunction - conjunction tersebut ( who, whom, when, where , why ,
whose) , sama dengan pola pada adjective clause.
Bedanya adjective clause jatuh , sementara noun clause tidak jatuh setelah noun.
1. WHO
who
Who + verb + (O)
Yang / siapa yang
I appreciate who is willing to work hard
Who believe in God will not hurt others
2. WHOM
Whom + S + V
Yang / siapa yang
Whom you love will come to your party
I don't like whom teach.
3. WHEN, WHERE, WHY
Diikuti struktur lengkap
When : ketika/ kapan/saat.
You must known when you need to be silent
Where : dimana/kemana
Where you go is not my business
Why : mengapa/kenapa
I can't understand why he quitted his job
Whose
Di ikuti Noun
Yang .....(noun) nya
Whose pasport expired can't transport abroad
...(noun) siapa yang
We are wondering whose child is crying
Other example :
1. mr.collius is the man whose house I rented
2. Whose score is low should retake this exam
3. I am wondering whose house it is
4. Yang kamu omongin itu tidak berguna bagiku
5. Yang kamu idola kan itu tidak tahu existensi mu.
6. Yang kamu punya itu baunya nggak enak
Other examples:
1. The neighbor the man who was trying to get into the car to the police
2. He did not let me know who lent her car him
3. I will meet the professor whom you recommend
4. You must understand the feeling of whom you teach
5. Whoever does something good will get reward from God
6. You should be kind to whomever you meet
7. I will respect whoever treat me well
8. In the city where there are too many people, economic competition is usually tight
9. We have not decided where we will hold the event
10. The day when I got the award is the happiest day in my life
11. The question is when he will return my money
12. I can not understand why my parents forbade me to go to the party
13. I was angry with who broke my camera
14. Whom you admire never knows you
15. I am curious whith whom you phone last night
16. The teacher will give more explanation to whose answer is incorrect
17. The happiest moment in my life is when I succeeded to defend my thesis
18. When my sister was born was the first moment for me to have a friend
19. can not remember where I put my glasses
20. We are discussing about where we will spend our holiday
21. He did not explain why he hates the girl
22. Why he was angry is still mystery for us
WHICH
Adjective clause dan noun clause sama sama punya conjunction which, tetapi pola which dalam AC tidak
sama dengan pola which dalam NC.
1. AC : selalu jatuh setelah noun
They are discussing about about the attraction which will be visited by them
2. NC : diikuti oleh Noun (which + N)
They are discussing which attraction will be visited by them
Example for :
1. He mentioned wich book we need
2. He mentioned the book which we need
3. Which book is need for the course has been listed
4. The book which is needed for the course has been listed
5. We don't even know which information we can trust
6. I will appreciate whichever choice you take
WHAT
aturannya:
1. setelah nya hilang S atau hilang O
Artinya "Yang" /"Apa yang"
Contoh :
What you eat influences your health
I disagree with what is explained in the article
I don't understand what you said
I will do whatever makes you happy
2. Setelahnya di ikuti N
Artinya "Noun apa yang"
Example:
We are wondering what song he will sing
I have not decided what subject I will take this semester IF, WHETHER, THAT, dan HOW :
di ikuti struktur yang lengkap
if / whether = apakah
that = bahwa
how = bagaimana
That he passed the exam is a miracle
I didn't know whether/ if should bring my bike or leave it at home
How he could solve the complicated problem surprised us
Perbedaan that dalam adjective clause dan that dalam noun clause
That :
A.C : selalu jatuh setelah noun dan struktur setelahnya ada yang hilang (yaitu S atau O), dab secara
makna diartikan "YANG"
A.N : diikuti struktur yang lengkap. Boleh jatuh setelah Noun boleh juga tidak. Secara makna diartikan "
BAHWA"
Pada dasarnya konjungsi N.C , tidak jatuh setelah kata benda , tetapi ada satu konjungsi N.C yang boleh
jatuh setelah kata benda, yaitu " THAT"
Noun clause bisa menempati 5 posisi:
1. N.C as subject
Whom you meet last night, always disturb me.
2. N.C as object
I did not bring what you want
3. N.C setelah preposisi
He is famous for what he was written
4. N.C as head
What he said which made me sad was sensitive
5. N.C setelah anticipatory "it"
It is true that education plays important role in our life.
Peringkasan N.C
dari 12 conjunction N.C , yang bisa dihilangkan hanya conjunction that yang jatuh setelah verb.
Peringkasan "that" N.C ini tidak merubah struktur apapun setelahnya. (Seperti penghilangan RPO)
example:
That education plays an essential role in our life is undeniable
We can not deny that education plays an essential role in our life.
We can not deny education plays an essential role in our life.
What , whatever
yang/apa yang, apapun yang/ apa saja yang
+ V+O (hilang subject)
+ S+V (hilang subject)
+N
Example:
Yang kamu inginkan, tidak selalu terjadi
Project apapun yang dia handle, selalu berhasil
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE:
yaitu sub clause (complex conjunction + S + V) yang berfungsi sebagai adverb.
Dengan kata lain adverbial clause adalah adverb yang bentuknya conjunction + S + V + O
A thief entered my room when I was sleeping
NOTE :
Ketahuilah konjunction apa yang anda perlukan sesuai dengan makna yang ingin anda sampaikan. Dan
ingat selalu bahwa semua conjunction adverbial clause di ikuti struktur yang lengkap.
Waktu:
After (setelah)
Before (sebelum)
As soon as/once (segera setelah), By the time (menjelang), Till /until (sampai), when (ketika), whenever
(kapanpun), while/as (ketika/sambil), since (sejak), as long as (selama)
Example:
You may begin when when/whenever you are ready
While he was walking, he saw an accident
They have become very snobbish since they moved into their expensive apartment
Shut all the windows before you go out
After she finished dinner, she went to bed
We will do nothing in the matter until/till we hear from you
As he was walking down in the park, he noticed a very pretty girl
I will go to the post office as soon as I wrap this package
You may keep my book as long as you need it
Once he makes up her mind, she never changes it
By the time I came there, she left
Waktu:
After (setelah)
Before (sebelum)
As soon as/once (segera setelah), By the time (menjelang), Till /until (sampai), when (ketika), whenever
(kapanpun), while/as (ketika/sambil), since (sejak), as long as (selama)
Example:
You may begin when when/whenever you are ready
While he was walking, he saw an accident
They have become very snobbish since they moved into their expensive apartment
Shut all the windows before you go out
After she finished dinner, she went to bed
We will do nothing in the matter until/till we hear from you
You may keep my book as long as you need it
Once he makes up her mind, she never changes it
By the time I came there, she left
Note;
untuk since yang bermskna sejak, main clause nya bertenses present prefect atau present prefect
continuous, sementara subclause bertenses simple past
example:
Since I came to this city, I have made many new friends.
Since I came to this city, I have been making many new friends.
CARA (MANNER)
as if / as though (seolah-olah)
just as / like (tepat seperti)
like / as (seperti/sebagaimana)
example :
1. She always does the chores as her husband tells her
2. They treat him as if he were a king
3. He walk around as if he was in a daze
SEBAB-AKIBAT
Because/now that/ since / as/ inasmuch as ( karena)
so that (sehingga)
as long as / so long as (selama)
example:
1. As he was in hurry , he hailed the nearest cap
2. As long as it is raining, I will not go out tonight
3. They spent their vacation at the seashore , so that when they came home they were tan
PERTENTANGAN (CONFLICT)
although / though/ even though (walaupun /meskipun)
whereas / while ( sedangkan / sementara/ padahal)
example :
We could not meet the dead line although we worked day and night
whereas Robert is friendly with everyone, his brother makes very few friends
TUJUAN (PURPOSE)
so that (sehingga)
in order that (agar, supaya)
in the hope that/ ti the end that (dengan tujuan, dengan harapan)
example:
they are working night and day in the hope that they can meet the deadline
to the end that justice may be served, the devendant will be offered oportunity to establish his
innocence
the school activities will be improved , so that students can learn comfortably
perbedaan " IN ORDER THAT" dengan " IN ORDER TO"
1. IN ORDER THAT" di ikuti SV(O) sementara " IN ORDER TO" di ikuti Verb bare infinitive
example :
I study hard in order that I could pass the exam
I study hard in order to pass the exam
2. IN ORDER THAT" tidak bisa di gantikan oleh " IN ORDER TO" jika subject dalam main clause tidak
sama dengan subject dalam subclause
example :
I did everything in order that my father loved me.
PENGANDAIAN :
if (jika)
only if (hanya jika)
even if(bahkan jika)
unless (kecuali jika)
provided that (jika)
in case (siapa tau, kalau-kalau, jika)
on condition that (dengan syarat)
example:
if i see him, i will invite hin to our party
even if he asks me to come, i will not come
I will not come unless he picks me up
The company will agree to arbitration on condition that the strike is called off
In case you need me, call me anytime
We can go to the theater provided that we can get a baby sister
TEMPAT
Where (dimana/kemana)
Wherever/everyever/anyever (diamanapun/ kemanapun)
Examples:
They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
She lives where i used to live