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EXERCISES OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY

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EXERCISES OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY
EXERCISE 1
Given:
𝑓"# π‘₯, 𝑦 = 120𝑦 π‘₯ − 𝑦 1 − π‘₯ , 0 ≤ π‘₯ ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ π‘₯
Determine the PDF of 𝑍 = π‘Œ/ 𝑋.
EXERCISE 2
Consider a sine waveform 𝑋 = π΄π‘ π‘–π‘›πœƒ, with a constant and non-random (deterministic) amplitude
A, and a random angle πœƒ, which is uniformly distributed in the interval 0 ≤ πœƒ ≤ 2πœ‹.
Determine the probability density function 𝑓" π‘₯ for the random wave.
EXERCISE 3
Let X be uniform on [-1;1]; fX(x)=1/2 for -1<x<+1.
Let:
E[Y|X=x]=x
E[Y2|X=x]=2x2
Let Z=XY.
Find the mean and variance of Z.
EXERCISE 4
For a random variable X, the mean πœ‡ and the standard deviation 𝜎 are known.
Assuming that the distribution is symmetric about the mean, determine bounds on 𝑃[ 𝑋 > π‘Ž],
where π‘Ž > |πœ‡|.
As a numerical example, consider πœ‡ = 2𝜎 and π‘Ž = 3𝜎, 4𝜎 and 5𝜎. Compare the bounds with the
exact values of the probability where X is known to be normal.
EXERCISE 5
A satellite moves on an orbit between 60 degrees northern latitude and 60 degrees southern latitude.
Assuming that the satellite can splash down with equal probability at any point of the surface of the
earth between the previously mentioned parallels, find the probability that the satellite will fall
above 30 degrees northern latitude.
EXERCISE 6
Let X and Y be independent random variables and:
1
𝑓" π‘₯ =
, −1 < π‘₯ < 1
πœ‹ 1 − π‘₯B
FG
𝑓# 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑒 E B , 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ ∞
Show that the probability density for Z=XY equals to:
𝑓I 𝑧 =
1
2πœ‹
𝑒
E
KG
B , −∞
≤𝑧≤∞
EXERCISE 7
Let U1 and U2 be two independent random variables having the standard uniform distribution, that
is:
1 0<𝑒<1
𝑓LM 𝑒 =
(𝑖 = 1,2)
0 π‘’π‘™π‘ π‘’π‘€β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’
a) Show that the random variables X1 and X2 described by:
𝑋V = −2ln (π‘ˆV )sin (2πœ‹π‘ˆB )
𝑋B = −2ln (π‘ˆV )cos (2πœ‹π‘ˆB )
have the standard, uncorrelated normal distribution.
b) Determine the deterministic coefficient “a” in:
π‘ŒV = 𝑋V + π‘Žπ‘‹B
π‘ŒB = π‘Žπ‘‹V + 𝑋B
such that the correlation coefficient between Y1 and Y2 is equal to 0.5.
c) Write the expression for the joint PDF of Y1 and Y2.
EXERCISE 8
The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating significantly destructive
earthquakes.
This fault is about 120 km long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side
of San Francisco Bay.
In particular, it is monitored the Campanile located in the center of UC Berkeley campus, in order
to assess the probability of failure of it in a given year.
From a geological analysis, some data are given:
- The probability that a rupture occurs along that fault is P[R]=10-3
- Usually the length of a rupture is 30 km.
- Once the rupture has occurred, the earthquake magnitude varies from M5 to M7. In
particular:
𝑃 𝑀` |𝑅 = 0.25
𝑃 𝑀c |𝑅 = 0.55
𝑃 𝑀d |𝑅 = 0.20
From seismic vulnerability analysis, the probabilities that the Campanile fails given a certain
earthquake scenario (earthquake magnitude and site-to-rupture distance) are:
Considere a viga metálica de um edifício de categoria D (zona comercial) localizado na Guarda.
A viga encontra‐se
sujeitade
a carga
permanente
g de valor
nominal
10kN/m,
sobrecargas
Q com
Considere
a viga metálica
um edifício
de categoria
D (zona
comercial)
localizado
na Guarda.
distribuição
normal
de
média
20kN
e
coeficiente
de
variação
de
50%,
vento
w
com
A viga encontra‐se sujeita a carga permanente g de valor nominal 10kN/m, sobrecargas Q valor
com
característico
de
20kN/m
e
neve
s
com
valor
característico
de
7kN/m.
Admita
a
possibilidade
distribuição normal de média 20kN e coeficiente de variação de 50%, vento w com valor
de variabilidade
espacial edaneve
sobrecarga,
vento
e neve, istodeé7kN/m.
estas ações
podem
atuar em
característico
de 20kN/m
s com valor
característico
Admita
a possibilidade
apenas
ou0.0
nos 2espacial
vãos𝑃da𝐹|𝑀
viga,
𝑃 𝐹|𝑀
, 𝑆V 1 =
𝑆B = 0.0mais
𝑃 𝐹|𝑀
= 0.5
`variabilidade
` , conforme
`, 𝑆
de
da
sobrecarga,
ventodesfavorável.
e neve,
isto
ég estas
ações podem atuar em
𝑃 𝐹|𝑀
= 0.0
𝑆B = 0.2mais desfavorável.
𝑃 𝐹|𝑀c , 𝑆g = 0.9
c , 𝑆V1 ou
apenas
nos 2 vãos𝑃da𝐹|𝑀
viga,c ,conforme
a) Represente graficamente todas as combinações de cargas possíveis para verificação do
𝑃 𝐹|𝑀d , 𝑆V = 0.2
𝑃 𝐹|𝑀d , 𝑆B = 0.4
𝑃 𝐹|𝑀d , 𝑆g = 1.0
estado limite
último de flexão
indicandodeoscargas
coeficientes
parciais
de segurança
a) Represente
graficamente
todasda
as viga,
combinações
possíveis
para verificação
do
e
valores
reduzidos
de
cada
ação;
Evaluate the estado
probability
failure
the Campanile.
limiteofúltimo
deof
flexão
da viga, indicando os coeficientes parciais de segurança
3
3
b) ePara
um
aço
da
classe
S355,
valores reduzidos de cada ação;e um perfil HEB200 (wel=569x10 mm ) verifique a
segurança
parada
as classe
combinações
alínea
a); HEB200 (wel=569x103mm3) verifique a
b) Para
um aço
S355, da
e um
perfil
EXERCISE
9
c) segurança
Representepara
graficamente
todasda
as alínea
combinações
de carga possíveis para a verificação
as combinações
a);
da segurança
aos estados limites
decombinações
utilização; de carga possíveis para a verificação
c) Represente
graficamente
todas as
Consider d)
a steel
beama from
a commercial
building,
subjected topara
a permanent
load frequente
g, characterized
Verifica
segurança
ao
estado
limite
de deformação
a combinação
de
da
segurança
aos
estados
limites
de
utilização;
by a Gaussian distribution with a mean value of 10 kN/m and a coefficient of variation COVg=0.1,
ações admitindo
umaaoflecha
máxima de
d) Verifica
a segurança
estado
deL/250.
deformação
para
a combinação
frequente
de and
and an accidental
load
q, characterized
by limite
a Gaussian
distribution
with
a mean value
of 7 kN/m
admitindo
uma flecha máxima de L/250.
a coefficient ações
of variation
COVq=0.3.
Q
The cross section of the beam is a profile HEB200 made of S355 steel.
Q The steel yield strength (fy)
Q equal to 380 MPa and coefficient of variation
has a Gaussian distribution with mean value
Q
COVfy=0.03
s
s
qw
w
g
g
L=6.0m
L=6.0m
L=6.0m
L=6.0m
Evaluate the probability of collapse of the beam.
M[kNm]
M[kNm]
M[kNm]
1
M[kNm]
EXERCISE
10
1
1
2,25
0,56
1
The mean value, the coefficient of variation and the skewness coefficient
of a random variable X
2,25
0,56
are known to be 10, 0.30, 1.2 respectively.
3,45
1,22
Determine the expectation of the function: 𝑔 𝑋 = 𝑋 g − 2𝑋 B + 3𝑋 − 4.
[mm]
1
[mm]
3,45
EXERCISE
[mm] 11
1,24
1
[mm]
A complex random variable Z is defined
1,24 by:
2,89
𝑍 = cos 𝑋 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛(π‘Œ)
2,89
1,22
1
1
0,79
0,79
0,31
0,31
where X and Y are independent real random variables uniformly distributed from –πœ‹ to πœ‹.
a) Find the mean value of Z.
b) Find the variance of Z.
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