Aleuli dg Npgrlh`øe TAH4;6 Hnetrnildnr dg X`stgal dg Alrhldn (Vlrl Alrhldnrgs hne ue pgren dg @aplhtn) Gstg dnhuagetn hnet`geg `estruhh`negs dg npgrlh`øe plrl gi Hnetrnildnr Tgigs`s® TAH4;6 y gi snctwlrg dgi s`stgal dg alrhldn. Gstg dnhuagetn dgjgrì sgr usldn ouetn hne gi Xupigagetn dg Npgrlh`øe dgi alrhldnr gspghác`hn qug prnvgg `ecnralh`øe rgspghtn gi blrdwlrg dgi s`stgal dg alrhldn y su usn. Dnhuagetn En. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Tgigs`s Tghbenink`gs, @eh. :2<2< Z`vgr Dr`vg V.N. Jnx <666 H`rhigv`iig, Nb`n 48<<8 Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e Vrninkn Tgigs`s Tghbenink`gs, @eh. (ge in suhgs`vn l Tgigs`s) sg rgsgrvl gi dgrghbn dg hlaj`lr il `ecnralh`øe y hnetge`dns gspghác`hns hnetge`dns ge gstg dnhuagetn s`e prgv`n lv`sn. Gi ightnr dgjgrì hnesuitlr l Tgigs`s s` tligs hlaj`ns ble s`dn rgli`zldns. Ge e`ekÿe anagetn Tgigs`s sgrì rgspnesljig pnr huliqu`gr `eh`dgetg `ed`rghtn, gspgh`li n dlüns hnesghugetgs, `ehiuygedn pgrn en i`a`tldn l ins jgegc`h`ns pgrd`dns, surk`dns cugrl dg, n rgilh`neldns l gstg dnhuagetn n il `ecnralh`øe qug hnet`geg, `ehiusn s` Tgigs`s bl s`dn ent`c`hldn, t`geg hnenh`a`getn n dgjgrál tgegr hnenh`a`getn dg ils pns`j`i`dldgs dg hldl dlün. Tgigs`s gxprgslagetg klrlet`zl gi gqu`pn ge su aleuclhturl sgkÿe in d`spugstn ge ins tàra`ens y hned`h`negs gstìedlr dg vgetl. Tgigs`s en rgli`zl ntrls klrletáls gxprgsldls n `apiáh`tls, `ehiuygedn y s`e i`a`tlh`øe, klrletáls hnagrh`ligs n cás`hls pnr ue prnpøs`tn plrt`huilr. Il `ecnralh`øe hnetge`dl ge gstg dnhuagetn gs hnec`dgeh`li y gs prnp`gdld dg Tgigs`s n sus i`hgeh`ls. Alrhls Zgk`strldls Tgigs`s,, Agri`e Tgigs`s Agri`e,, y VX-NHZ sne alrhls rgk`strldls dg Tgigs`s Tghbenink`gs, @eh. A`hrn V`e gs uel alrhl rgk`strldl dg Tgigs`s Tghbenink`gs, @eh. Dltl[r`tg gs uel alrhl rgk`strldl dg Dltl Xlcg-Agd`l Itd. Igxlr gs uel alrhl rgk`strldl dg Igxlr Agd`l, @eh. VGLM gs uel alrhl rgk`strldl dg VGLMBLZD[LZG @etgrelt`neli Hn., Itd. VEP gs uel alrhl rgk`strldl dg VEP Tghbenink`gs, @eh. NH_ gs uel alrhl rgk`strldl dg NH_ Tghbeninky Krnup. XNEP gs uel alrhl rgk`strldl dg Xney Hnrpnrlt`ne. [`ednws gs uel alrhl rgk`strldl dg A`hrnsnct Hnrpnrlt`ne. © :662 ‘ :6<< Tgigs`s Tghbenink`gs, Tghbenink`gs, @ehnrpnrltgd ‘ Tndns ins dgrghbns rgsgrvldns 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx ` Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e Hnetrltn dg I`hgeh`l plrl Xnctwlrg Tgigs`s INX VZNKZLALX GXTÌE XWOGTNX L LWTNZ@_LH@ØE DG TGIGX@X TGHBENI@K@GX , @EH. L WXWLZ@NX C@ELIGX VLZL WXN@ED@HL GRHIWX@SN DG ILX X@KW@GETGX . LHGVTLZ P WXLZ GXTNX VZNKZLALX IL LHGVTLH@ØE DG INX HNED@H@NEGX TÀZA@ENX. GXTG GX WE LHWGZDN IGKLI GETZG WXTGD WXT GD, GI WXWLZ@N C@ELI P TGIGX@X TGHBENINK@GX , @EH . <) NTNZKLA@GETN DG I@HGEH@L. Tgigs`s Tghbenink`gs, @eh. (Tgigs`s) Lhugrdl ntnrklr l ustgd uel i`hgeh`l en gxhius`vg plrl uslr gi snctwlrg/c`rawlrg (gi prnkrlal) suogtn l ins tàra`ens y hned`h`negs dg gstg lhugrdn dg i`hgeh`l. :) DGC@E@H@NE DG TGZA@ENX . Gi tàra`en snctwlrg sg rgc`grg li prnkrlal dg hnaputldnrl lialhgeldn gightrøe`hlagetg qug dgjg sgr hlrkldn ge il aganr`l dg il hnaputldnrl qug sg ut`i`zlrì. Gi tgra`en c`rawlrg sg rgc`grg l ue prnkrlal dg hnaputldnrl lialhgeldn ge sga`hneduhtnrgs dg aganr`l (ZNA, VZNA, GVZNA, GGVZNA, ESZLA, gth.) qug gs uel plrtg `etgkrli dg il aganr`l dg il hnaputldnrl. Ouetns, gstns cnraltns dg prnkrlals dg hnaputldnrl sne rgcgr`dns hnan gi prnkrlal. 8) DGZGHBNX DG ZGVZNDWHH@ØE . Ins prnkrlals y il dnhuagetlh`øe gs prnp`gdld dg Tgigs`s y gstì prntgk`dl pns ils igygs dg dgrghbns dgrghbns dg rgprnduhh`øe dg Ins Gstldns We`dns dg Laàr`hl y trltldns `etgrelh`neligs. Ins prnkrlals hnet`gege sghrgtns hnagrh`ligs y j`gegs dg prnp`gdld dg Tgigs`s. Wstgd pugdg blhgr uel hnp`l dg ins prnkrlals ÿe`hlagetg plrl c`egs dg rgsplidn y lrhb`vn s`gaprg y huledn augstrge hilrlagetg il entl dg ins dgrghbns dg rgprnduhh`øe dg Tgigs`s. Ils hnp`ls ld`h`neligs pndrìe sgr bghbls huledn Tgigs`s in lutnr`hg pnr gshr`tn. Ld`h`neli l huliqu`gr ntrn dgrghbn dg Tgigs`s, Tgigs`s t`geg gi dgrghbn dg tgra`elr gstl i`hgeh`l s` ins tàra`ens dg i`hgeh`l sne v`nildns. 4) ZGXTZ@HH@NEGX DG WXN P TZLEXCGZGEH@L. Il vgrs`øe dg ue snin snin prnhgsldnr dg ins ins prnkrlals y il dnhuagetlh`øe gs usldl ge uel snil hnaputldnrl n s`stgal `etgkrldn l il vgz. Il vgrs`øe auit` prnhgsldnr dg ins prnkrlals y il dnhuagetlh`øe pndrì sgr usldl, l trlvàs dg uel rgd dg trljlon, pnr vlr`ls hnaputldnrls qug lhhgsge l il rgd s`auitìeglagetg s`e gxhgdgr gi euagrn lutnr`zldn pnr Tgigs`s Tgigs`s n pnr qu`ge plkg il huntl dgi auit` prnhgsldnr. Wstgd en pugdg d`str`ju`r ins prnkrlals n dnhuagetlh`øe l tgrhgrns. Wstgd pugdg trlescgr`r il i`hgeh`l y ins plqugtgs hnapigtns (s`e na`t`r eldl) s` gi hnehgs`nelr`n gstì hnecnrag hne gstg hnetrltn dg i`hgeh`l. E`ekuen dg ins prnkrlals e` il dnhuagetlh`øe pugdg sgr hlaj`ldl n trlduh`dl s`e gi pgra`sn gxprgsn pnr gshr`tn dg Tgigs`s. Wstgd en pndrì `evgrt`r il `ekge`grál, dgshnap`ilr n dgsgeslajilr ins prnkrlals. 7) KLZLET@L plrl ins prnkrlals gstì huj`grtl jlon ins tàra`ens y hned`h`negs gstìedlr dg vgetl dg Tgigs`s. 3) TGZA@EN. Il i`hgeh`l gs gcght`vl blstl su tgra`elh`øe. Xgrì tgra`eldl s` ustgd clitl li huapi`a`getn dg likÿe tàra`en n hned`h`øe dg gstg hnetrltn dg i`hgeh`l. Xgrì tgra`eldl s` ustgd clitl li huapi`a`getn dg likÿe tàra`en n hned`h`øe dg gstg hnetrltn dg i`hgeh`l. Wstgd pndrì tgra`elr gstg hnetrltn dg i`hgeh`l ge huliqu`gr anagetn. Ge hlsn dg tgra`elh`øe, ustgd lhnrdlrì dgstru`r ins prnkrlals y dnhuagetlh`øe ouetn hne tndls ils hnp`ls y altgr`li rgilh`neldn. ;) WXN DG GXTG VZKZLAL Zghnenh`gedn qug ustgd bl igádn gstg hnetrltn dg i`hgeh`l y lhnrdldn sus tàra`ens. Gstg `` hnetrltn gstl hnapigtn y rgapilzl huliqu`gr ntrn hnetrltn qug pugdl tgegr rgilh`øe dgi tgal dg gstg hnetrltn. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e Xnpnrtg l Hi`getgs Tgigs`s Gi snpnrtg l hi`getgs Tgigs`s ncrghg il s`ku`getg ls`stgeh`l. Tgiàcnen dg Xnpnrtg Gi snpnrtg l hi`getgs Tgigs`s ncrghg ls`stgeh`l tgigcøe`hl krltu`tl ge bnrlr`ns dg nc`h`el. Xnpnrtg ge Hlapn Tgigs`s pugdg gev`lr sgrv`h`n Tghe`hn prncgs`neli l sus `estlilh`negs plrl iigvlr l hljn lrrlequg dg gqu`pn, rgplrlh`negs, aletge`a`getn y getrgela`getns. Hnetrltn dg Xgrv`h`n Hnan plrtg dg su hnetrltn dg sgrv`h`n ustgd rgh`j`rì rgh`j`rì aletge`a`getn pgr`ød`hn y ue rìp`dn sgrv`h`n tàhe`hn ge hlapn ge hlsn dg nhurr`r likÿe prnjigal. Xgrv`h`n dg Cìjr`hl Gi sgrv`h`n Tghe`hn dg Tgigs`s pugdg rgplrlr plrtgs dgcghtunsls ge eugstrl cìjr`hl plrl hu`dlr tu d`egrn. X` ustgd eghgs`tl rgclhh`negs n sgrv`h`n plrl su s`stgal s`stg al dg alrhldn lsgkurlrsg dg gspgh`c`hlr gi andgin y euagrn dg sgr`g. Hnetlhtl l Tgigs`s ge uel dg ils s`ku`getgs uj`hlh`negs. Gstldns We`dns dg Laàr`hl Tgigs`s Tghbenink`gs, @eh. Hnrpnrltg Bgldqulrtgrs :2<2< Z`vgr Dr`vg V.N. Jnx <666 H`rhigv`iig, Nb`n, WXL 48<<8 +< (;46) 4;; 7666 +< (266) 374 7303 (W.X. led Hleldl) +< (266) 23; 23;6 (lctgr bnur bnurs) s) +< (;46) 4;; 766< (clx) gal`i? sligsFtgigs`stghb.hna gal`i? tghbe`hli^sgrv`hgsFtgigs`stghb.hna wgj? www.tgigs`s.hna Tgigs`s Tghbenink`gs, @eh. Krglt Ilmgs Ncc`hg ;46 [gihb Znld Hnaagrhg Tnwesb`p, A`hb`kle, WXL 42806 +< (:42) 3:4 4:40 +< (:42) 3:4 448< (clx) gal`i? `equ`rgs.tgigs`stghb.hna wgj? www.tgigs`s.hna/krgltilmgs.bta Gurnpl Tgigs`s Gurnpl J.S. @eesruhmwgk <64 864; LB Znttgrdla Tbg Egtbgrileds +8< <6 43: :<83 +8< <6 43: 8238 (clx) gal`i? sligs-gurnpgFtgigs`stghb.hna wgj? www.tgigs`s.hna/gurnpgjv.bta Tgigs`s Xystâags dg Alrqulkg Vlrh @etgrelt`neli d'Getrgpr`sgs Lri`ektne 4 Jnuigvlrd A`hblgi Clrldly ;; ;<3 Alreg il Sliigg Hgdgx 4 +88 < 36 4:2 2<0 +88 < 36 4:2 ;26 (clx) gal`i? `equ`r`gs.tgigs`stghb.hna wgj? www.tgigs`s.hna/crlehg.bta Tgigs`sGlkig Dnipb`e Xtrggt Hniytne, Dgvne, WM GR:4 3IW +44 <:0; 77< 8<8 +44 <:0; 77< 8<0 (clx) gal`i? umsligsFtgigs`stghb.hna wgj? um.tgigs`s.hna Tgigs`s Alrm`grXystgag KajB [ùic`ekstrlssg 3 D-4:4;; Zldgvnrawlid Kgraley +40 :<0< 360 626 +40 :<0< 360 622 (clx) gal`i? `ecnFtgigs`stghb.hna wgj? www.tgigs`s.hna/kgrale.bta Ls`l Tgigs`s Hb`el Tgigs`s Tghbenink`gs (Xuzbnu), @eh. #7 Ju`id`ek, 222 Vleko`e Znld [uo`lek Ghnena`h Dgvginpaget _neg O`leksu :<7:66, VZ. Hb`el +23 7<: 3840 368; +23 7<: 3840 3:33 (clx) gal`i? sligs.hb`elFtgigs`shb`el.hna Tgigs`s Tl`wle <C, En <86, Dgx`lek Znld Elez` D`str`ht Mlnbs`uek H`ty 2<<74, Tl`wle +22 3 (;) 832 33;2 +22 3 (;) 836 3<32 (clx) gal`i? sligs.tl`wleFtgigs`stghb.hna wgj? www.tgigs`shb`el.hna 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx ``` Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e Zgsuage dg Xgkur`dld Gi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6 ut`i`zl Cugetgs dg pndgr dg litn vnitlog. Gi hljgzli y sus lhhgsnr`ns nph`neligs t`gege anv`a`getns `ebgrgetgs y dg rgpns`h`nela`getn durletg su npgrlh`øe. Vnr hnes`ku`getg gx`stge likuens r`gskns huledn sg trljlon hne y hgrhl dg ins gqu`pns dg alrhldn. Ils s`ku`getgs prghluh`negs dg sgkur`dld dgjgrìe sgr hnes`dgrldls tndn gi g i t`gapn. Euehl usg gi s`stgal dg e`ekuel ntrl alegrl n prnpøs`tn d`cgrgetg li qug gstì d`sgüldn. En hneghtg n dgshneghtg ins hnapnegetgs a`getrls il gegrkál gstì s`gedn lpi`hldl. En augvl n cnrhg ins lrtáhuins dg sgkur`dld n kulrdls dg prntghh`øe. X`gaprg ut`i`hg prntghh`øe nhuilr plrl npgrlr gi s`stgal dg alrhldn. Il prntghh`øe lud`t`vl pud`grl rgqugr`rsg huledn trljlog hne n hgrhl dg ue s`stgal dg alrhldn. Aletgekl ils plrtgs dgi hugrpn, onygrál y rnpl cugrl dgi lihlehg dgi s`stgal dg alrhldn. Ldvgrtgeh`ls, Vrghluh`negs y Entls sne hninhldls l in ilrkn dg gstg dnhuagetn plrl ligrtlrtg dg il `ecnralh`øe `apnrtletg. Gstns ageslogs t`gege gi s`ku`getg s`ke`c`hldn. Ldvgrtgeh`l hnet`geg `ecnralh`øe qug gs gsgeh`li plrl il sgkur`dld pgrsneli dgi usulr`n. Vrghluh`øe hnet`geg `ecnralh`øe qug gs gsgeh`li plrl gv`tlr ue dlün ge gi gqu`pn. Entl Iilaldl dg ltgeh`øe plrl `ecnralh`øe dg gspgh`li `apnrtleh`l ge puetns gspghác`hns dgetrn dgi tgxtn. `v 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e Ils s`ku`getgs Ldvgrtgeh`ls y Vrghluh`negs gstìe hnetge`dls ge gstg dnhuagetn. LDSGZTGEH@L Aletgegr s`stgal dg hne alrhldn huledn sg gstà hninhledn il alqu`el gedgspgoldn iáegl plrl gi gv`tlr hnetlhtn gi gqu`pn ge anv`a`getn. Aletgegr dgspgoldn gi s`stgal dg alrhldn huledn sg gstà prnjledn il aìqu`el plrl gv`tlr hnetlhtn hne gi gqu`pn ge anv`a`getn. Huledn gi hnaledn Lplrhlr gs goghutldn, gi s`stgal dg alrhldn sg anvgrì lutnaìt`hlagetg l su pns`h`øe dg plrn. Aletgegr dgspgon gi s`stgal dg alrhldn huledn gi gqu`pn sg gstì anv`gedn l il pns`h`øe dg plrn plrl gv`tlr hnetlhtn hne gi gqu`pn ge anv`a`getn. Huledn gi hnaledn Vrg-pns`h`øe gs goghutldn gi s`stgal dg alrhldn lutnaìt`hlagetg sg anvgrì l il pns`h`øe Lehil dgi pr`agr hlapn dgi pltrøe. Aletgegr dgspgoldn gi s`stgal dg alrhldn huledn gi gqu`pn vlyl l VrgVns`h`øe plrl gv`tlr hnetlhtn hne gi gqu`pn dg alrhldn. Huledn gi gogrh`h`n dg prugjl gstg ge goghuh`øe, gi s`stgal dg alrhldn lutnaìt`hlagetg sg anvgrì lirgdgdnr dgi pgráagtrn dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn. Aletgegr dgspgoldn gi s`stgal dg alrhldn huledn gstg hnrr`gedn gi gogrh`h`n dg prugjl plrl gv`tlr hnetlhtn hne gi gqu`pn ge anv`a`getn. Ins prnhgd`a`getns dg prugjl pugdge rgqugr`r prnjlr h`rhu`tns giàhtr`hns a`getrls gi s`stgal dg alrhldn gs gegrk`zldn. Vlrl gv`tlr dlüns pgrsneligs, snin pgrsneli gxpgr`agetldn dgjgrì rgli`zlr gstls prugjls. L pgslr dg il gxpgr`geh`l, ils prghluh`negs s`gaprg dgjgrìe sgr hnes`dgrldls huledn sg gstà trljloledn hne ins h`rhu`tns giàhtr`hns gegrk`zldns. VZGHLWX@NE X` il sgüli dg Tgapgrlturl Gigvldl gstì gehged`dl ( ), `ed`hl qug gi hnetrnildnr bl gxhgd`dn ins 37¶H (<40¶C). Gstl gs uel hned`h`øe auy sgr`l. Gi snctwlrg en pgra`t`rì blhgr e`ekÿe anv`a`getn l il alqu`el. X` il sgüli dg Tgapgrlturl Gigvldl gstì gehged`dl, lplklr gi hnetrnildnr `eagd`ltlagetg y hnetlhtlr l Xnpnrtg Tghe`hn dg Tgigs`s. H`grtns prnhgd`a`getns pgra`tge qug ins plrìagtrns dgi s`stgal sgle rgkrgsldns l sus vlinrgs dg cìjr`hl. X` sg rgkrgsl l ins vlinrgs dg cìjr`hl, tndns ins plrìagtrns qug ble s`dn gspghác`hlagetg hnec`kurldns l tu s`stgal sgrìe pgrd`dns g `apns`jigs dg rghupgrlr. Euehl hninhlr gi sgesnr dg iáa`tg (ge gi pnstg dgi gog _ nph`neli) pnr dgjlon dgi e`vgi dgi hlrrn. We dlün ge gi sgesnr dg iáa`tg y hlrrn rgsuitlrál dg pns`h`nelrin dg gsl alegrl. Zgstljigh`gedn il tljil dg cghbl n il tljil dg turens n gi hnetldnr Nae`sgr`li sg rgstljighgrìe tndns ins loustgs dg ins plrìagtrns dgi usulr`n (cghbl, turen y hnetldns Nae`sgr`li) l il hnec`kurlh`øe prgdgtgra`eldl dg cìjr`hl. Tndns ins plrìagtrns qug ble s`dn gspghác`hlagetg hnec`kurldns l su s`stgal sgrìe rggshr`tns pnr ins vlinrgs pnr dgcghtn. Likuels prugjls gstìe blj`i`tldls ge e`vgi Xupgrv`snr `estlildns ge gi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6. Ils prugjls rgqu`grge gqu`pn gspgh`li. Vnr in tletn gstls prugjls gstìe dgst`eldls l tàhe`hns lutnr`zldns Tgigs`s. Tgigs`s rghna`gedl en blhgr gstls prugjls s`e gi gqu`pn dg prugjl lprnp`ldn n s`e gi hnesget`a`getn dg Tgigs`s. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx v Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e Tljil dg Hnetge`dns TGAL VÌK@EL Vrninkn… ..................................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................................¡Grrnr! ¡Grrnr! Alrhldnr en d Alrhls.. ......................................................................................................................................................¡Grrnr! ...................................................................................................................................................... ¡Grrnr! Alrhldnr en d Hnetrltn dg I`hgeh`l plrl Xnctwlrg Tgigs`s .................................................. ........................ ................................................... .................................................... ........................... `` Xnpnrtg l Hi`getgs Tgigs`s ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................ ...................... Zgsuage dg Xgkur`dld ................................................... .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................ ``` `v HLV@TWIN < ‘ NVGZLH@NE DGI HNETZNILDNZ <.< Dgshr`ph`ne Kgegrli ................................................. ....................... .................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. <-< <.: Wsledn gi X`stgal dg Alrhldn........... Alrhldn..................................... ..................................................... .................................................... ...................................... ............. <-< <.8 Ws`ek gi Hnetrnildnr .................................................... ........................... ................................................... ................................................... ....................................... .............. <.8.< Gehged`dn / Lrrlequg dg Xnctwlrg ......................... .................................................. ................................................... ....................................... ............. <.8.: Andns dg Npgrlh`øe .................................................... ........................... .................................................. ................................................... ............................... ..... <.8.8 Tghils dg Elvgklh`øe ................................................... .......................... .................................................. ................................................... ............................... ..... <.8.4 Tghils dg Cueh`ne .......................... ................................................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................. ......... <.8.7 Tghils dg Npgrlh`ne dg Alrhldnr ................................................... .......................... ................................................... ....................................... ............. <-< <-: <-: <-8 <-4 <-7 <.8.3 <.8.; Tghils dg Gd`h`ne .................................................... ........................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................. ......... Tghils Gspgh`ligs .................................................... ........................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................. ......... D`lhr`t`hns .................................................. ........................ .................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. Hnetrni dg Hlrlhtgrgs ................................................... ......................... ................................................... .................................................... ........................... <-3 <-; <-; <-; <.4 Ljr`r ue Vltrne .................................................... .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................ ...................... x-2 <.7 Vnegr il Alqu`el Ge I`egl .................................................... ........................... .................................................. ................................................... ............................... ..... x-0 <.3 Vns`h`øe dg Vlrn dg il Alqu`el ................................................. ....................... ................................................... .................................................... ........................... <-<6 <.; Vrg-Vns`h`ne dg il Alqu`el ................................................... .......................... .................................................. ................................................... ............................... ..... <-<< <.2 @etrnduh`r Dltns l ins Vltrnegs ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ............................................... ...................... <.2.< @etrnduh`r Tgxtns dgi Wsulr`n ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. <.2.: @etrnduh`r Tgxtns dg hnesuitl ........................... ..................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. <-<: <-<: <-<8 <.0 <.<6 X`auilr @aprgs`ne (Dryrue) ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... .................................................... ........................... @apr`a`r Vltrnegs ................................................... ......................... .................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. <-<4 <-<4 <.<< Dgtgegr gi H`hin dg @aprgs`ne ................................................... ......................... ................................................... .................................................... ........................... <-<4 <.<: Vrugjl dg il Alqu`el..................................... Alqu`el............ .................................................... ..................................................... .................................................... .......................... <-<7 <.<8 Vletliils dg @ecnralh`øe dgi X`stgal .................................................... ........................... ................................................... ....................................... ............. <-<2 <.<4 Anstrlr T`gapn dg H`hin dg Alrhldn .................................................. ........................ ................................................... ........................................... .................. <-<2 <.<7 Wsledn il @etgrclhg dgi Agri`e @@@................................ @@@...... ..................................................... .................................................... ...................................... ............. <.<7.< Zgsuage dg Hlrlhtgr`st`hls ......................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................................... ...................... <.<7.: @e`h`ledn gi Hnetrni Agri`e ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ............................................... ...................... <.<7.8 Zgleudledn gi Hnetrni TAH4;6i ................................................. ....................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. <.<7.4 Zghupgrle Zghupgrlednsg dnsg dg uel dgshneghh`øe dgshneghh`øe @evniuetlr`l @evniuetlr`l ................................................... .......................... ........................................... .................. <-<0 <-<0 <-:6 <-:6 <-:6 <.<3 Xli`r dgi Xnctwlrg / Lplkldn .................................................... .......................... ................................................... .................................................... ........................... <-:6 v` 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e Tljil dg Hnetge`dn TGAL VLK@EL HLV@TWIN : ‘ D@XGÜN DG VLTZ@EGX P ALEGON :.< Dgshr`ph`øe Kgegrli ................................................... .......................... .................................................... .................................................... ........................................ ............... :-< :.: Hnes`dgrlh`negs dg D`sgün ................................................. ....................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... :.:.< Tlalün dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn .......................... .................................................... ................................................... .................................... ........... :.:.: Hninhlh`øe dg Njogtns ........................... ..................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................ .. :.:.8 D`ages`negs dgi hlrlhtgr .................................................... .......................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ :.:.4 Xgighh`øe dg Cugetg ................................................... ......................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... :.:.7 Nrdge dg @aprgs`ne......................... ................................................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... :.:.3 Andns dg @aprgs`ne .................................................. ........................ ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... :.:.; T`gapn dg rgtnren dgi Vgren dg @aplhtn .................................................... ........................... ................................................... ............................ .. :.:.2 Hnd`kns y Dltns ge t`gapn rgli ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ........................................ ............... Npgrltnr-Xuppi`gd Tgxt .......................... .................................................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ Euagrns Xgr`ligs ................................................... ......................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... Bnrl y Cghbl dg @esgrh`øe ........................... .................................................... ................................................... ............................................. ................... @ecnralh`øe Hnd`c`hldl .................................................... .......................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ Grrnr Hbghm`ek ................................................... .......................... .................................................. ................................................... ..................................... ........... :-< :-: :-: :-4 :-4 :-7 :-7 :-7 :-3 :-; :-; :-2 :-2 :-2 :.8 Lhhgsn l Andn D`sgüldnr ................................................... ......................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... :-0 :.4 Hrglr Eugvns Vltrnegs ................................................... .......................... .................................................. ................................................... ..................................... ........... :.4.< Ws`ek tbg Vlttgre [`zlrd ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ :.4.: Wsledn gi gd`tnr dg Vltrnegs ................................................... .......................... ................................................... ............................................. ................... :.4.8 Jloledn Vltrnegs dgi Agri`e .................................................... ........................... ................................................... ............................................. ................... :-<6 :-<6 :-<: :-<: :.7 Kulrdlr/Enajrlr/Hnp`lr Vltrnegs ................................................. ........................ ................................................... ............................................. ................... :-<8 :.3 Dgc`e`r Njogtns ge ins Vltrnegs ................................................... ......................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ :.3.< Tgxtn .................................................. ........................ ................................................... ................................................... ..................................................... ............................. :.3.: Hnd`kn :D Altr`x .................................................. ......................... .................................................. ................................................... ..................................... ........... :.3.8 Hnd`kn \Z .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................................. .................... :.3.4 Hnd`kn A`hrn\Z ........................... .................................................... .................................................. ................................................... ..................................... ........... :-<4 :-<4 :-:6 :-86 :-4< :.3.7 :.3.3 :.3.; :.3.2 :.3.0 :.3.<6 :.3.<< :.3.<: :.3.<8 :.3.<4 :.3.<7 :.3.<3 :.3.<; Lrhn 8V (Agtndn dg Zld`n)......................... Zld`n)................................................... ................................................... .................................................. ............................ ... Lrhn (Agtndn 8-puetns) .................................................. ........................ ................................................... ................................................. ........................ LrhnTgxtn (Agtndn dg Zld`n) ................................................... .......................... ................................................... ............................................. ................... LrhnTgxtn 8V (Agtndn 8-puetns) ........................ ................................................... .................................................... ........................................ ............... I`egl (Agtndn dg @e`h`n).................................................. @e`h`n)........................ ................................................... .................................................. ............................ ... I`egl :V (Agtndn @e`h`n/C`eli) ......................... .................................................. ................................................... ............................................. ................... Huldrn................. Huldrn........................................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... ................................ ...... H`rhuin .................................................... H`rhuin .......................... .................................................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ Gi`psg (Agtndn dg Zld`n) ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ Gi`psg 8V (Agtndn 8-puetns) .................................................... ........................... ................................................... ............................................. ................... Njogtns Jinqugs .................................................... ........................... .................................................. ................................................... ..................................... ........... Hnaledn @r l .................................................. ......................... .................................................... .................................................... ........................................ ............... Hnaledn Vlusl ........................... .................................................... .................................................. ................................................... ..................................... ........... :-7: :-77 :-72 :-33 :-;: :-;7 :-;2 :-2< :-24 :-22 :-0: :-03 :-00 :.3.<2 Hnaledn dg Getrldl ....................... ................................................. ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... :-<6< 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx v`` Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e Tljil dg Hnetge`dn TGAL VLK@EL HLV@TWIN : ‘ D@XGÜN DG VLTZNEGX P ALELKGAGET (hnet`eulh`øe) :.3.<0 :.3.:6 :.3.:< Hnaledn dg Xli`dl ................................................. ........................ .................................................... .................................................... .................................. ......... Hnaledn Xgr`li .................................................. ......................... ................................................... ................................................... ....................................... .............. Hnaledn dg Alqu`el ................................................... .......................... .................................................. ................................................... ............................... ..... :-<67 :-<63 :-<60 :.; Vrugjl dg Vltrnegs..................................... Vltrnegs........... .................................................... .................................................... ................................................... .............................. ..... :-<<4 :.2 Gd`tlr Vltrnegs .................................................... .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................ ...................... :-<<7 :.2.< Hlaj`lr Vlrlagtrns dg ins Vltrnegs .......................... .................................................... ................................................... .................................. ......... :-<<7 :.2.: Hlaj`lr Vlrlagtrns dg ue Hlapn ......................... .................................................. ................................................... ....................................... ............. :-<<7 :.2.8 Hnp`lr Hlapns ................................................... .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ....................................... .............. :-<<7 :.2.4 Jnrrlr Hlapns .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ....................................... .............. :-<<3 :.2.7 Anvgr Hlapns (Hlaj`lr Nrdge dg @aprgs`ne) ................................................. ........................ ............................................... ...................... :-<<; :.2.3 Ldoustledn gi Lehil dg ue Vltrne .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ....................................... ............. :-<<2 :.0 Hnec`kurlrl ils Vrnp`gdldgs dgi Vltrne ................................................. ........................ ................................................... ....................................... ............. :-<:6 :.0.< :.0.: :.0.8 :.0.4 :.0.7 :.0.3 :.0.; :.0.2 Euagrn Xgr`li dgi Vltrne .................................................. ........................ ................................................... .................................................... ........................... Vns`h`øe dg Vlrn dgi Vltrne .......................... .................................................... ................................................... ............................................... ...................... Hnec`kurlh`øe dg Tgxtn prgdgtgra`eldn ................................................... ......................... ................................................... .............................. ..... Vlrlagtrns Vrgdgtgra`eldns dgi pgren dg @aplhtn .............................................. ................................................................ .................. @estruhh`negs dg ins Vltrnegs ........................... ..................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. Vlrlagtrn dg vginh`dld dg ins gogs R/P .................................................... .......................... ................................................... .............................. ..... Vlrlagtrns dgi gog Tbgtl.................................................. ........................ ................................................... .................................................... ........................... D`lagtrn dg il p`gzl ge gog Tbgtl .................................................... .......................... ................................................... .................................. ......... Sginh`dld dgi gog Tbgtl ................................................. ....................... ................................................... .................................................... ........................... Lekuin dg Anetlog dgi gog Tbgtl ................................................. ........................ ................................................... ....................................... ............. Vlrlagtrns dg Sginh`dld dgi gog _ .................................................. ......................... ................................................... ....................................... ............. :-<:6 :-<:8 :-<:4 :-<:3 :-<:2 :-<:0 :-<86 :-<86 :-<8< :-<8< :-<8: :.<6 Xgighh`ne Zgantl dg Vltrnegs .................................................. ........................ ................................................... .................................................... ........................... :-<88 :.<6.< Enajrgs dg Vltrnegs Zgsgrvldns ................................................... .......................... ................................................... ....................................... ............. :-<88 :.<6.: Hnec`kurlh`øe dg Vlrlagtrns ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. :-<88 :.<< Alegon dg il I`jrgr`l dgi Hnetrnildnr .................................................... ........................... ................................................... ....................................... ............. :-<84 :.<<.< Sgr lrhb`vns dg il I`jrgr`l ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ............................................... ...................... :-<84 :.<<.: Jnrrlr lrhb`vns dg il I`jrgr`l ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. :-<87 HLV@TWIN 8 ‘ HNEC@KWZLH@ØE DGI X@XTGAL P ALEGON 8.< Lhhgsn l ins Vlrlagtrns dgi X`stgal ................................................. ....................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. 8-< 8.: Hnetrlsgül dgi X`stgal ................................................... .......................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................. ......... 8-: 8.8 Vrnp`gdldgs dgi Alrhldnr ................................................ ....................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................. ......... 8-8 8.4 Vrnp`gdldgs dg ue Tgxtn dg Hnesuitl .................................................... ........................... ................................................... ....................................... ............. 8-2 8.7 Vrnp`gdldgs dg ue Hnd`kn dg Dltns ................................................... ......................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. 8-0 8.3 Vrnp`gdldgs dg ue hnd`kn dg Turen ................................................... ......................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. 8-<< v``` 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e Tljil dg Hnetge`dn TGAL VLK@EL HLV@TWIN 8 ‘ HNEC@KWLZH@ØE DGI X@XTGAL P ALEGON (hnet`eulh`øe) 8.; Vrnp`gdldgs dgi hnetldnr Nae`sgr`li ................................................... ........................ .................................................... ........................................ ............... 8-<8 8.2 Jloledn ils prnp`gdldgs dgi s`stgal dgi Agri`e ................................................... .......................... ................................................. ........................ 8-<7 8.0 Vrnp`gdldgs dg Lrrlequg ................................................... ......................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... 8-<3 8.<6 Vrnp`gdldgs dg Hnaue`hlh`øe pnr gi Bnst .................................................... .......................... .................................................... ................................ ...... 8.<6.< Vlrlagtrns dg hnaue`hlh`øe pr`alr`ns ................................................. ........................ .................................................... ................................. ...... 8.<6.: Vlrlagtrns dg Vrntnhnin Vrnkrlaljig .................................................... .......................... .................................................... ................................ ...... 8.<6.8 Gogapins dgi Vrntnhnin Vrnkrlaljig .................................................. ........................ ................................................... .................................... ........... Dltn Dgc`e`dn pnr Tgra`elh`øe ........................ ................................................... .................................................... ........................................ ............... Dltn Dgc`e`dn pnr Inek`tud ................................................... .......................... ................................................... ............................................. ................... T`pn dg Aleslog Dgc`e`dn pnr gi Bnst ........................ ................................................. .................................................... ................................. ...... 8.<6.4 Vlrlagtrns dg Vrntnhnin Gxtged`dn........ Gxtged`dn.................................. ..................................................... .................................................... ........................... .. 8.<6.7 Gogapins dg Vrntnhnin gxtged`dn ................................................... ........................ .................................................... ........................................ ............... 8-:6 8-:6 8-:< 8-:4 8-:4 8-:7 8-:3 8-:2 8-:0 Cnraltn dg Ageslog .................................................... .......................... ................................................... .................................................. ............................ ... Cnraltn dg Zgspugstl ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ T`pns dg Ageslog ................................................... ......................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... Jinhm Hbghm Hndg......................... Hndg................................................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... 8-:0 8-86 8-8< 8-87 8.<< Vrnp`gdldgs dg Hna`euhlh`øe dgi pugrtn Xgr`li: ................................................. ........................ ................................................. ........................ 8-83 8.<: Vrnp`gdldgs dg Hna`euhlh`øe Gtbgregt / Agri`e .................................................. ......................... ................................................. ........................ 8-80 8.<8 Vrnp`gdldgs dg Zgino y Hligedlr`n ................................................... .......................... ................................................... ............................................. ................... 8-4: 8.<4 We`dldgs dg Agd`dl ................................................... .......................... .................................................... .................................................... ........................................ ............... 8-48 8.<7 Blj`i`tlr / Dgsblj`i`tlr gi pgren dg `aplhtn ................................................ ....................... .................................................... ................................. ...... 8-44 8.<3 Vrnp`gdldgs gog _ ......................... .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ............................................. .................... 8.<3.< Dgshr`ph`øe Kgegrli ................................................... ......................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... 8.<3.: Blj`i`tlr / Dgsblj`i`tlr gog _ .................................................... ........................... ................................................... ............................................. ................... 8.<3.8 Loustg dgi sgesnr dg I`a`tg .................................................. ........................ ................................................... ................................................. ........................ 8.<3.4 Dgc`eg tbg _grn Nccsgt .................................................... .......................... ................................................... .................................................. ............................ ... 8.<3.7 Loustg dg vginh`dld dgi gog _ ................................................... .......................... ................................................... ............................................. ................... 8.<3.3 Hli`jrlr gi sgesnr Nccsgt .................................................. ........................ ................................................... .................................................. ............................ ... 8-47 8-47 8-47 8-43 8-4; 8-40 8-76 8.<; Vrnp`gdldgs gog Tbgtl .................................................... ........................... .................................................. ................................................... ..................................... ........... 8.<;.< Dgshr`ph`øe Kgegrli ................................................... ......................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... 8.<;.: Blj`i`tlr / Dgsblj`i`tlr gog Tbgtl ........................ ................................................... .................................................... ........................................ ............... 8.<;.8 Dgc`e`r gi d`lagtrn dg il p`gzl ................................................. ........................ ................................................... ............................................. ................... 8.<;.4 Dgc`e`r vginh`dld dgi gog Tbgtl ................................................. ........................ ................................................... ............................................. ................... 8.<;.7 Dgc`e`r lekuin dg anetlog ......................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ 8-7: 8-7: 8-7: 8-78 8-78 8-74 8.<2 Zgstljigh`gedn ins plrlagtrns dgi s`stgal ................................................. ........................ .................................................... ................................. ...... 8-73 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx `x Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e Tljil dg Hnetge`dn TGAL VLK@EL HLV@TWIN 8 ‘ HNEC@KWLZLH@ØE DGI X@XTGAL P ALEGON (hnet`eulh`øe) 8.<0 Wsledn gi pugrtn WXJ ......................... .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ....................................... .............. 8-7; 8.<0.< Npgrlh`øe Lrhb`vns / D`rghtnr`ns ....................... ................................................. ................................................... ........................................... .................. Lhhgsn l lrhb`vns ge aganr`l WXJ ....................... .................................................. .................................................... .................................. ......... Lhhgsn l lrhb`vns ge hnetrnildnr................... hnetrnildnr............................................. ................................................... ........................................... .................. Xgighh`nelr lrhb`vns plrl sgr anstrldn .......................... .................................................... .................................................... .......................... Hlaj`lr d`rghtnr`n ge aganr`l WXJ ........................... ..................................................... ................................................... .............................. ..... Anstrlr tlalün dgi lrhb`vn .................................................... .......................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. Anstrlr t`gapn dg alrhldn dgi lrhb`vn ........................... ..................................................... .................................................... .......................... Hrglr d`rghtnr`n ge aganr`l WXJ ........................... ..................................................... ................................................... .................................. ......... Jnrrldn sgeh`iin dg lrhb`vns ................................................... ......................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. Jnrrldn auit`pig dg lrhb`vns ........................ .................................................. ................................................... ........................................... .................. Jnrrlr ue d`rghtnr`n ge aganr`l WXJ .................................................... .......................... ................................................... .............................. ..... Zgsplidlr Lrhb`vns ........................ ................................................. .................................................... .................................................... .................................. ......... Zgsplidn sgeh`iin dg lrhb`vns .................................................. ........................ ................................................... ........................................... .................. Zgsplidn auit`pig dg lrhb`vns ....................... ................................................. ................................................... ........................................... .................. 8-72 8-72 8-72 8-72 8-70 8-70 8-70 8-70 8-36 8-36 8-36 8-3< 8-3< 8-3: Zgstnrg C`igs .................................................. ........................ .................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. Zgstlurlh`øe sgeh`iil dg lrhb`vns ........................... ..................................................... ................................................... .................................. ......... Zgstlurlh`øe auit`pig dg lrhb`vns .......................... .................................................... ................................................... .................................. ......... Lhtuli`zlr C`rwlrg li hnetrnildnr............................................ hnetrnildnr................... ................................................... ................................................ ...................... 8-38 8-38 8-34 8-37 Tlrgls dg Aletge`a`getn ................................................. ........................ .................................................... .................................................... .................................. ......... 8.:6.< Vrugjl dg sgüligs dg sli`dl ................................................... ......................... ................................................... ............................................... ...................... 8.:6.: Vrugjl dg sgüligs dg getrldl .......................... .................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. 8.:6.8 Vrugjl dg snigen`dgs .......................... ................................................... .................................................. ................................................... ............................... ..... 8.:6.4 Vrugjl dg anv`a`getn dg il alqu`el.......................................... alqu`el............... .................................................... ........................................... .................. 8.:6.7 Sgr`c`hlh`ne dg il pns`h`øe dg il alrhldnrl ................................................... ......................... .................................................... .......................... 8-3; 8-3; 8-32 8-30 8-;6 8-;: HLV@TWIN 4 ‘ AGEXLOGX DGI X@XTGAL :D Altr`x Gehndg Grrnr! .................................................. ......................... ................................................... ................................................... .................................................... ........................... 4-< Hblrlhtgr @edgx, Aust Jg 06/:;6 Dgks! .................................................. ......................... .................................................. ................................................... ............................... ..... Dgigtg Vlrlagtgr(s) @s Ent Liinwgd ................................................... .......................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................. ......... Dge`gd Ne le Gapty Vlttgre! .................................................... .......................... .................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. Dge`gd! Alrmgr @s Ncci`eg! .................................................... .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................ ...................... Dgv`hg @s Ent Cnralttgd .................................................. ......................... ................................................... ................................................... .................................................... ........................... Dgv`hg @s Ent Anuetgd .................................................... ........................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................ Grrnr? ; J`ts / En Vlr`ty @s Ent Xuppnrtgd! ........................ .................................................. ................................................... .................................................... ........................... Grrnr? Lipbl XE Zlekg [lre`ek! (L-_) .......................... ................................................... .................................................. ................................................... ............................... ..... Grrnr? Le Gd`t C`gid Eggds Xgightgd .......................... ................................................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................. ......... Grrnr? Hleent Hnpy le Gapty C`gid ................................................... .......................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................. ......... Grrnr? Hleent Hut le Gapty C`gid ................................................. ........................ ................................................... ................................................... ....................................... .............. Grrnr? Hleent Xlvg, Cilsb D`sm @s Cuii ........................... .................................................... .................................................. ................................................... ............................... ..... Grrnr? HbD`r Cl`igd ................................................ ....................... ................................................... .................................................... .................................................... ................................... ......... 4-< 4-< 4-< 4-< 4-< 4-< 4-< 4-< 4-: 4-: 4-: 4-: 4-: Grrnr? Hnpy Cl`igd ................................................ ....................... ................................................... .................................................... .................................................... ................................... ......... 4-: 8.<0.: 8.<0.8 8.<0.4 8.:6 x 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e Tljil dg Hnetge`dns TGAL VLK@EL HLV@TWIN 4 ‘ AGEXLOGX DGI X@XTGAL (hnet`eulh`ne) Grrnr? Hnpy`ek Wemenwe Vlrlagtgr C`ig .................................................... .......................... ................................................... .................................................. ............................ ... Grrnr? Dgigtg Cl`igd ........................ ................................................. ................................................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... Grrnr? `e Dgigt`ek tbg Vlttgre! .................................................... ........................... .................................................... .................................................... ........................................ ............... Grrnr? @e Bna`ek tbg Tbgtl-lx`s................................ Tbgtl-lx`s...... .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... ................................ ...... Grrnr? @e Bna`ek tbg _-lx`s..................................... _-lx`s............ .................................................... ..................................................... .................................................... ................................ ...... Grrnr? `e Inld`ek Vlttgre! .................................................. ........................ .................................................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ Grrnr? `e Xlv`ek Vlttgre! ................................................... ......................... .................................................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ Grrnr? @evli`d Xnurhg .................................................... .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................ ... Grrnr? AmD`r Cl`igd ......................... .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... Grrnr? Nvgr Tgapgrlturg Cluit Dgtghtgd ................................................... ......................... ................................................... .................................................. ............................ ... Grrnr? Vlstg Juccgr @s Gapty ......................... .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ............................................. .................... Grrnr? V`xgi @s Nut nc Alrmgr's Zlekg ......................... ................................................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... Grrnr? \u`gt Lrgl S`nilt`ne! ................................................... .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................................. .................... Grrnr? Xgr`li Euajgr Zlekg [lre`ek! .................................................. ........................ ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... Grrnr? WET@TIGD @s l Zgsgrvgd Elag! ................................................. ....................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... Grrnr? Weljig tn (_) Lutn Xgesg Vlrt ! ....................... ................................................. ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... C`gid (ee) - Wsgr Cnet Grrnr! .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................................. .................... C-Zla Grrnr ... @e`t`li`z`ek C-Zla ................................................ ....................... .................................................... .................................................... ........................................ ............... Bnag I`a`t Grrnr `e R-lx`s ................................................. ....................... .................................................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ Bnag I`a`t Grrnr `e P-lx`s .................................................. ........................ .................................................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ @:H Grrnr w`tb C-Zla ........................... ..................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................ ... @:H Grrnr w`tb ZT Hinhm ........................ .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ..................................................... ............................. @:H @etgrclhg Cl`igd tn @e`t`li`zg! ................................................. ........................ .................................................... .................................................... ........................................ ............... @:H ZT Hinhm Inw Jlttgry [lre`ek! .................................................. ......................... .................................................. ................................................... ..................................... ........... Alrmgr Ljnrtgd! ................................................. ....................... .................................................... ................................................... .................................................... ..................................... .......... 4-: 4-: 4-: 4-: 4-: 4-: 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 Alrmgr Ljnrtgd! Nvgr Tgapgrlturg Cluit ........................ .................................................. ................................................... .................................................. ............................ ... En Vlttgre Inldgd! Vrg-pns`t`ne [blt> ..................................................... ........................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................ .. Aganry Liinhlt`ne Grrnr ..................................................... ........................... .................................................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ A`hrn \Z Hndg Gehndg Grrnr ................................................... .......................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................................. .................... Vlrlagtgr Grrnr! Dgcluits Inldgd! .................................................. ......................... .................................................. ................................................... ..................................... ........... Vlsswnrd Grrnr! **Lhhgss Dge`gd** .................................................... .......................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... Vlttgre V`xgi Zlekg Grrnr! C`gid (ee) .......................... .................................................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... \Z Hndg Gehndg Grrnr ................................................... ......................... ................................................... ................................................... .................................................... ............................ .. Xgr`li Tnni `s Ent Geljigd ................................................... ......................... .................................................... ................................................... ................................................. ........................ T`agnut... Hleent C`ed Bnag Vns`t`ne! ................................................. ....................... ................................................... .................................................... ................................. ...... Slr`ljig Tgxt C`gid Ent Cnued ................................................. ........................ ................................................... ................................................... ............................................. .................... 4-4 4-4 4-7 4-7 4-7 4-7 4-7 4-7 4-7 4-7 4-7 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx x` Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e Tljil dg Hnetge`dns TGAL VLK@EL LVGED@HG L ‘ CWGETGX GXTLEDLZD DG TGIGX@X Cugetg dg hlrlhtgrgs 7x; ..................................................... ........................... .................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. L-< Cugetg dg hlrlhtgrgs NHZ .................................................... .......................... .................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. L-< Cugetg dg hlrlhtgrgs <<x<3 .................................................... ........................... ................................................... ................................................... ....................................... .............. L-: LVVGED@HG J ‘ ZGCGZGEH@L HZW_LDL DG HLZLHTGZGX LXH@@ Hlrlhtgrgs LXH@@ gstledlr ................................................... ......................... .................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. J-< Hlrhltgrgs LXH@@ gxtged`dn ................................................. ....................... .................................................... ................................................... ........................................... .................. J-: x`` 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e Hlp`tuin < Npgrlh`øe dgi Hnetrnildnr <.< DGXHZ@VH@NE KGEGZLI Gstg aleuli dnhuagetl gi usn dgi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6 plrl npgrlr su s`stgal dg alrhlog Tgigs`s dg ue p`e. Il `ecnralh`øe hnetge`dl ge gstg aleuli dgshr`jg gi usn dgi Hnetrnildnr y Xnctwlrg dgi s`stgal dg alrhldn plrl su npgrlh`øe, `aprgs`øe y aletgegr ue d`rghtnr`n dg pltrnegs. Gstg aleuli dgjgrì sgr usldn ouetn hne gi Xupigagetn dg Npgrlh`øe dg su s`stgal dg alrhlog. Gi supigagetn hnet`geg `ecnralh`øe v`tli dgi blrdwlrg y npgrlh`øe dgi gqu`pn dgi alrhldnr gspgh`c`hn. <.: WXLEDN GI X@XTGAL DG ALZHLDN Gi s`stgal dg alrhldn gs d`sgüldn plrl blhgr alrhls pgralegetgs ge uel lapi`l vlr`gdld dg altgr`ligs hnan hgrn, liua`e`n y piìst`hn. Il cnral, tlalün y inhli`zlh`øe dgi ageslog l alrhlr gs prnkrlaldn pnr gi d`sgüldnr dgi pltrøe usldn gi Xnctwlrg dgi s`stgal. Gi alrhlog gs iigvldn l hljn pnr ue pgren gedurgh`dn y qug gs lhgigrldn blh`l uel supgrc`h`g. Gi snctwlrg augvg gi hlrtuhbn dgi pgren l inhli`zlh`negs prgh`sls dgetrn dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn y lutnaìt`hlagetg hnetrnil il gxtges`øe y rgtrlhh`øe dgi pgren dg `aplhtn plrl alrhlr gi ageslog. <.8 WXLEDN GE HNETZNILDNZ Gi hnetrnildnr hnrrg gi snctwlrg dgi s`stgal dg alrhldn y kgegrl hnaledns plrl hnetrnilr gi alrhldn. ENT@C@HLH@NE Gi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6 gs hlplz dg npgrlr vlr`ns Hljgzligs Tgigs`s. Il alynrál dg ils hlrlhtgrást`hls dgi s`stgal sne gapigldls ue`vgrsliagetg ge vlr`ns s`stgals, likuels hlplh`dldgs sne ÿe`hls plrl alrhldnrgs gspghác`hns. Vnr hnes`ku`getg likuels hlrlhtgrást`hls dnhuagetldls ge gstg aleuli pndrále en lpi`hlr gspghác`hlagetg l su s`stgal. Dnedg gx`stge vlr`lh`negs, dgjgrìe sgr `dget`c`hldls hilrlagetg dgetrn dg ue tgxtn plrl `ecnralrig dg ils d`cgrgeh`ls. Gi crgetg dgi hnetrnildnr prnvgg uel pletliil dg 2 iáegls dg hr`stli iáqu`dn (IHD), ue tghildn gstìedlr, y tghils gspgh`ligs plrl npgrlr gi alrhldnr. Gs il `etgrclhg pr`alr`l dgi usulr`n li s`stgal dg alrhldn qug ig pgra`tg sgighh`nelr nph`negs y goghutlr hnaledns anstrldns ge il pletliil pnr gi snctwlrg. Gi plegi egkrn dgi s`stgal dg alrhlog `ehiuyg ue `etgrruptnr Gehged`dn/Lplkldn y vlr`ns pugrtns plrl hneghtlr gi alrhldnr l gqu`pns nph`neligs. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx <-< Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e <.8.< Gehged`dn / Lrrlequg dg Xnctwlrg Inhli`zlr gi `etgrruptnr dg gehged`dn ge gi plegi egkrn dgi hnetrnildnr (dgspuàs dg hninhlr gi hljig dg hnrr`getg). Hninhlr gi `etgrruptnr ge pns`h`øe dg gehged`dn (@). Gi hnetrnildnr lutnaìt`hlagetg lrrlehlrl y il gegrkál giàhtr`hl sgrì blj`i`tldl ge tndn gi gqu`pn hneghtldn li hnetrnildnr. Gi snctwlrg dgi s`stgal dg alrhldn lutnaìt`hlagetg lrrlehlrl y anstrlrl il pletliil pr`eh`pli (anstrldl ljlon). Gi snctwlrg dgi s`stgal gs pgralegetgagetg `estlildn ge gi hnetrnildnr. Xg prnduhg il pletliil dg `etgrclhg dgi usulr`n qug gs anstrldl li npgrldnr. Hnaledns prg-prnkrlaldns, hnaj`eldns hna j`eldns hne ils sgighh`negs dgi npgrldnr y ils getrldls sne usldls plrl hnetrnilr gi alrhldnr. Gi snctwlrg tlaj`àe hnet`geg ue d`rghtnr`n plrl kulrdlr ins pltrnegs dgc`e`dns pnr gi usulr`n plrl `apr`a`r. Ageu Andn dg Npgrlh`ne Gstldn Npgrlh`neli I`stl dg hlapns C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Ncci`eg‘ Vlttgr Vlttgre?WET@TIGD e?WET@TIGD ?666 66<?] 66:?] 668?] 664?] 667?] Q Q Q Q Q Euagrns dg hlapns Enajrg dgi Vltrne Andn Npgrldnr ‘ Ageÿ Vr`eh`pli ge lrrlequg <.8.: Andns dg Npgrlh`øe Gi s`stgal prnvgg trgs andns dg npgrlh`øe? Npgrldnr, D`sgüldnr y Xupgrv`snr. Npgrldnr Gi andn npgrldnr ig pgra`tg ljr`r pltrnegs, `etrnduh`r dltns, `apr`a`r pltrnegs y prnjlr il alqu`el. Ils hlplh`dldgs dgi andn npgrldnr gstìe dnhuagetldls ge gstg hlpátuin. D`sgüldnr Gi andn d`sgüldnr ig pgra`tg rgli`zlr tndls ils ìrgls blj`i`tldls ge gi andn npgrldnr, als lplrtg d`sgül y gd`tl pltrnegs, hnec`kurlr plrìagtrns dg ins pltrnegs y hlaj`l likuens plrìagtrns dgi s`stgal. Gi lhhgsn l gstg andn dgjgrì sgr prntgk`dn pnr uel hnetrlsgül qug prgvgekl gi usn l pgrsnels en lutnr`zldls. Il alynrál dg ils hlplh`dldgs dgi andn d`sgüldnr gstìe dnhuagetldls ge gi hlpátuin :. Xupgrv`snr Gi andn supgrv`snr ig pgra`tg rgli`zlr tndls ils ìrgls blj`i`tldls ge npgrldnr y d`sgüldnr, als lplrtg ig pgra`tg hnec`kurlr plrìagtrns dg npgrlh`øe dgihnetrlsgül s`stgal y blj`i`tlr rged`a`getns s`stgal.s`eGi lhhgsn l gstg andn pndrál sgr prntgk`dn pnr uel plrl prgvge`r gi usn dgdgi pgrsnels lutnr`zlh`øe. Il alynrál dg ils hlplh`dldgs dgi andn supgrv`snr gstìe dnhuagetldls ge gi hlpátuin 8. A8 <-: Nph`neli, Gi TAH4;6 pndrál sgr hneghtldn l uel hnaputldnrl qug hnrrl gi snctwlrg dg d`sgün Agri`e @@@. Huledn getrg l gstg andn, gi hnetrni npgrlh`neli dgi s`stgal dg alrhldn sgrì l trlvàs dg il hnaputldnrl y dgi snctwlrg Agri`e @@@. Zgcgrgeh`lrsg hne h ne Wsledn il `etgrclhg Agri`e @@@. Entl? Il hnegx`øe li snctwlrg Agri`e @@@ @@@ en gstì blj`i`tldl plrl ins alrhldnrgs gstìedlr TAV4:<6. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e <.8.8 Tghils dg dg Elvgklh Elvgklh`øe `øe Wsg tbgsg mgys tn anvg tbg hursnr led tn sgight njoghts njog hts ne tbg d`spily shrgge. C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV C<?C@IG ‘Ncci`eg ‘ Vlttgr NVGZ Vlttgre?WET@TIGD e?WET@TIGD C<?NVGE 66<?] 66:?] 668?] 664?] 667?] ?666 Q Q Q Q Q Vuetgrn (Dgstgiiletg) Gi puetgrn gs pns`h`neldn ge gi enajrg dgi pltrøe hlrkldn lhtuliagetg huledn il pletliil pr`eh`pli gs dgspigkldl. Vugdg sgr rgpns`h`neldl plrl sgighh`nelr uen dg ins hlapns ge gi pltrøe. Sgr Tljuildnr ljlon. Huledn uel tghil dg cueh`øe gs prgs`neldl (C<… C7), gi puetgrn sg augvg li njogtn sgighh`neldn dgi Ageÿ Vr`eh`pli. Gi puetgrn pgraleghg ge gi njogtn dgi Ageÿ Vr`eh`pli `ed`hledn huli njogtn gs dgspigkldn. Huledn uel Vletliil dg Gd`h`øe gs anstrldl, gi puetgrn `ed`hl huligs plrìagtrns gstìe sgighh`neldns lhtuliagetg. Lpuetldnr `ed`hl huli nph`øe dgi ageÿ gstl sgighh`neldl. Wsg ils cighbls Lrr`jl y Ljlon plrl rg Gi pns`h`nelr gi lpuetldnr. TLJWILDNZ augvg gi puetgrn li s`ku`getg hlapn (anstrldn ge il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli) n li s`ku`getg hlapn (anstrldn ge Vletliil dg Gd`h`øe). + XB@CT+TLJWILDNZ augvg gi puetgrn li hlapn letgr`nr (anstrldn ge Vletliil pr`eh`pli) n li plrìagtrn letgr`nr (anstrldn ge Vletliil dg Gd`h`øe). LJLON augvg gi puetgrn li s`ku`getg hlapn (anstrldn ge il pletliil pr`eh`pli) n li s`ku`getg plrìagtrn (anstrldn ge il pletliil dg gd`h`øe). Tlaj`àe augvg gi lpuetldnr li s`ku`getg ageÿ. LZZ@JL augvg gi puetgrn li hlapn prgv`n (anstrldn ge il pletliil pr`eh`pli) n li plrìagtrn prgv`n (anstrldn ge pletliil dg gd`h`øe). Tlaj`ge augvg gi lpuetldnr li ageu prgv`n. @_\W@GZDL Huledn gi puetgrn gs pns`h`neldn dgetrn dg uel hlol qug sg pugdg gd`tlr, gstl tghil augvg gi puetgrn l il `zqu`grdl, sgighh`neledn in qug sg dgsgl gd`tlr, `esgrtlr n jnrrlr. Huledn gi puetgrn gstl ge ue plrìagtrn hne nph`negs n ge ue ageÿ hne nph`negs, gstl tghil litgrel il sgighh`øe l il nph`øe prgv`l. DGZGHBL Huledn gi puetgrn gs pns`h`neldn ge uel hlol qug sg pugdg gd`tlr, gstl tghil augvg gi puetgrn blh`l il dgrghbl, sgighh`neledn in qug sg dgsgl gd`tlr, `esgrtlr n jnrrlr. Huledn gi puetgrn gstl ge ue plrìagtrn hne nph`negs n ge ue ageÿ hne nph`negs, gstl tghil litgrel il sgighh`øe l il s`ku`getg nph`øe. VLK@EL X@KW@GETG augstrl il s`ku`getg pìk`el dg il pletliil lhtuli s` gs qug gx`stge. VLK@EL LETGZ@NZ augstrl il plk`el prgv`l dg il pletliil lhtuli s` gs qug gx`stg. GXHLVG hlehgil il lht`v`dld lhtuli y rgkrgsl l il pletliil pr`eh`pli. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx <-8 Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e <.8.4 Tghils dg Cueh`negs Ils tghils dg cueh`negs (dg C< l C2) sne usldls plrl dgspigklr vlr`ns ageÿs y goghutlr sgighh`negs dg gsns ageÿs. Dg gi Ageÿ Vr`eh`pli Wsg ils tghils dg cueh`øe plrl dgspigklr gi ageÿ dgsgldn. Lrhb`vn. Dgspi`gkl gi ageÿ dg lrhb`vns plrl ljr`r pltrnegs plrl `apr`a`r. Ge andn D`sgüldnr y Xupgrv`snr, gstg ageÿ ig pgra`tg hrglr eugvns pltrnegs, gd`tlr prnp`gdldgs dg ins pltrnegs, lda`e`strlr il i`jrgrál dg ins pltrnegs. Gd`tlr. Gstg ageÿ en gstì blj`i`tldn ge andn Npgrldnr. Vrnvgg hnaledns plrl lkrgklr, jnrrlr y gd`tlr njogtns dgetrn dgi pltrøe. Alqu`el. Dgspi`gkl gi ageÿ Alqu`el qug pgra`tg gspgh`c`hlr tlrgls li alrhldnr (Vlrn, @apr`a`r, gth.). Alrhldnr. Ge andn Npgrldnr, pgra`tg li usulr`n dgspigklr gi eÿagrn dg plrtg dgi snctwlrg y vgrs`øe. Ge andn D`sgüldnr, pgra`tg li usulr`n blj`i`tlr n dgsblj`i`tlr gi pgren dg `aplhtn. Ge andn Xupgrv`snr, pgra`tg li usulr`n rgli`zlr vlr`ls tlrgls dg aletge`a`getn, `ehiuygedn rgsplidn y rgstlurlh`øe dg pltrnegs, cugetgs y plrìagtrns l trlvàs dg aganr`l WXJ. @estlilh`øe. Dgspi`gkl gi ageÿ dg @estlilh`øe plrl hlaj`lr gi andn dg npgrlh`øe y gd`tlr ins tgxtns dg hnesuitl. Ge andn D`sgüldnr y Xupgrv`snr, ig pgra`tg hnec`kurlr ins plrìagtrns dgi s`stgal y rgli`zlr tlrgls dgi s`stgal. Dg ins ageÿs dgspigkljigs Huledn ue ageÿ dgspigkljig gs anstrldn, ils tghils dg cueh`negs sg vugivge ge hnetgxtn sges`t`vn. Gstn gs, pgra`tge rgli`zlr d`cgrgetgs tlrgls dgpged`gedn dgi ageÿ anstrldn. Vnr gogapin, ge il pletliil qug sg augstrl, il tghil C< cug prgs`neldl plrl anstrlr gi ageÿ dg Lrhb`vn. Hne gi ageÿ dg Lrhb`vn anstrldn, prgs`neledn C<e (eugvlagetg) goghutlrì gi hnaledn ljr`r plrl sgighh`nelr y hlrklr ue pltrøe. C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV ‘Ncci`eg‘ Vlttgre? NVGZ Vlttgre?WET@TIGD WET@TIGD ?666 C<?NVGE <-4 66<?] 66:?] 668?] Q Q Q 664?] 667?] Q Q 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e <.8.7 Tghils dg npgrlh`øe dgi dgi alrhldnr Wslr gstls tghils ig pgra`tge rgli`zlr npgrlh`negs gspghác`hls dgi alrhldnr @AVZ@A@Z `e`h`l gi h`hin dg `aprgs`øe dgi pltrøe hlrkldn lhtuliagetg. Entg qug gstl tghil gstì blj`i`tldl snin ge il pletliil pr`eh`pli y snin s` il aìqu`el gstì gstì ge iáegl y t`geg ue pltrøe hlrkldn. VLZN DG @AVZGX@ØE dgt`geg gi alrhldnr y in hninhl cugrl dg iáegl. X` `e h`hin dg `aprgs`øe gstì ge prnhgsn, gi alrhldnr `eagd`ltlagetg dgtgedrì il `aprgs`øe. X` gi alrhldnr gstì ge anv`a`getn `eagd`ltlagetg dgtgedrì gi v`log. Entg qug gstl tghil gstì blj`i`tldl s`e hnes`dgrlr il pletliil qug gstl anstrldl ge gi hnetrnildnr. VZWGJL augstrl il pletliil dg prugjl plrl `etgrlhtulr il pns`h`øe dg il aìqu`el usledn gi snctwlrg. Entg qug gstl tghil gstì blj`i`tldl snin ge h`grtls pletliils dgi hnetrnildnr. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx <-7 Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e <.8.3 TGHILX DG GD@H@ØE Wsg gstls tghils plrl gd`tlr dltns ge ils hlols dnedg ils getrldls sne pgra`t`dls. Entg qug vlr`ls dg gstls tghils pgra`tge rgli`zlr tlrgls ld`h`neligs huledn gi s`stgal gs hninhldn ge andn D`sgüldnr n Xupgrv`snr. @EXGZTLZ litgrele gi tghildn getrg `esgrtlr n snjrgshr`j`r huledn gi puetgrn gstl pns`h`neldn ge uel hlol qug lhgptl dltns dg getrldl. @esgrtlr lkrgkl hlrlhtgrgs ge il inhli`zlh`øe dgi puetgrn. Xnjrgshr`j`r rggapilzl hlrlhtgrgs gx`stgetgs. Tghil Vuetn… X` gi puetgrn gstl pns`h`neldn pns`h`n eldnWstgd ge gihna`gehg pr`agr hlrlhtgr dgieugv huldrn, tndns ins huledn hlrlhtgrgs sgrìe gstì jnrrldns dgi huldrn huledn. l tghiglr ns hlrlhtgrgs gi huldrn iigen n s` gi tghildn gstl ge andn snjrgshr`j`r. JNZZLZ jnrrl ins hlrlhtgrgs dg il inhli`zlh`øe i nhli`zlh`øe dgi puetgrn huledn gstg gs pns`h` pns`h`neldn neldn ge uel hlol qug lhgptl dltns dg getrldl. Ge andn D`sgüldnr n Xupgrv`snr gstl tghil pndrál sgr usldl plrl jnrrlr ue hlapn dg il inhli`zlh`øe dgi pltrøe sgighh`neldn. GXVLH@N LTZLX jnrrl gi pr`agr hlrlhtgr l il `zqu`grdl dg il inhli`zlh`øe dgi puetgrn. X` gi tghildn gstl ge andn `esgrtlr, ins hlrlhtgrgs dg il dgrghbl dgi puetgrn sg anvgrìe l il `zqu`grdl. X` gi tghildn gstl ge andn snjrgshr`j`r ins hlrlhtgrgs dg il dgrghbl dgi puetgrn pgraleghgrìe ge gsg iuklr y ins hlrlhtgrgs jnrrldns sgrìe rggapilzldns pnr gsplh`ns. gsp lh`ns. + DGXVIL_LZ L IL DGZGHBL dgspilzl gi hnetge`dn dg il hlol h lol ue gsplh`n l il dgrghbl + DGXVIL_LZ L IL @_\W@GZDL dgspilzl gi hnetge`dn dg il hlol ue gsplh`n blh`l il `zqu`grdl JIN\WGLZ ALPWXHWILX litgrel y jinqugl gi tghildn ge alyÿshuils alyÿsh uils n a`eÿshuils plrl ils igtrls. Entl? X` gi sne`dn dgi tghildn gs gstì tì blj`i`tldn, gi s`stgal sn snelrì elrì hne ue pgqugün sne`dn huledn sg hninhle ils a`eÿshuils y hne ue sne`dn prninekldn huledn ils alyÿshuils sne lht`vldls. HLAJ@LZ a`getrls sg aletgekl prgs`neldl, hninhl ge tghildn ge alyÿshuils. Tlaj`àe pgra`tg gi usn dg ins hlrlhtgrgs supgr`nrgs dg ils tghils . LHGVTLZ ge andn npgrldnr, ljrg il pletliil dg gd`tnr dg tgxtn huledn ue tgxtn vlr`ljig g gss sgighh`neldn. Ge andn d`sgüldnr n supgrv`snr LHGVTLZ gs usldn plrl sgighh`nelr n `etrnduh`r plrìagtrns. X` gi puetgrn pns`h`neldn ge ue plrìagtrn gehgrrldn hne 9 5, prgs`neledn LHGVTLZ litgrelrì ils nph`negs d`spne`jigs. X` gi puetgrn gs pns`h`neldn ge ue plrìagtrn gehgrrldn hne ] Q, prgs`neledn LHGVTLZ lda`t`rì ins vlinrgs prnvgádns pnr gi usulr`n y anvgrì gi puetgrn li s`ku`getg p lrìagtrn. plrìagtrn. <-3 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e <.8.; Tghils Gspgh`ligs Wsg gstls tghils plrl lhgptlr hlrlhtgrgs gspgh`ligs dgetrn dg ils hldgels dg tgxtn. D`lhr`t`hns Ils hnaj`elh`negs dg tghils pgra`tge lkrgklr d`lhrát`hns (sáajnins cneàt`hns) snjrg hlrlhtgrgs hnaÿeagetg usldns ge igekulogs gxtrleogrns. Vnr clvnr entg qug gstns sáajnins en sne blj`i`tldns plrl tndns ins hlrlhtgrgs licljàt`hns. H@ZHWECIGON lkrgkl ue h`rhuecigon ( ˃ ) s njrg gi s`ku`getg hlrlhtgr qug ustgd tghigg. (hlrlhtgrgs d`spne`jigs? ê, ï, å, ô, ý) H@ZHWIN lkrgkl ue h`rhuin ( ¶ ) geh`al dgi s`ku`getg hlrhltgr qug ustgd tghigg. (hlrlhtgrgs d`spne`jigs? Ç) + LHGETN KZLSG lkrgkl ue lhgetn krlvg ( f ) geh`al dgi s`ku`getg hlrlhtgr l tghiglr. (hlrlhtgrgs d`spne`jigs? æ, â, é, ú, ð) LHGETN LKWDN lkrgkl ue lhgetn lkudn ( ´ ) geh`al dgi s`ku`getg hlrlhtgr l tghiglr. + (hlrlhtgrgs d`spne`jigs? ì, À, à, á, ø, ÿ) D@GZGX@X lkrgkl d`àrgs`s ( ¨ ) geh`al dgi s`ku`getg hlrhltgr l tghiglr. (hlrlhtgrgs d`spne`jigs? Ä, ä, í, î, Ó, ó, Ù, ù) T@IDG lkrgkl uel t`idg ( ˙ ) geh`al dgi s`ku`getg hlrlhtgr l tghiglr. + (hlrlhtgrgs d`spne`jigs? È, è, ×, ÷, Ü, ü) Hlrlhtgrgs dg Hnetrni Il hnaj`elh`øe dg tghils pgra`tg `ehiu`r h`grtns hlrlhtgrgs hlrl htgrgs dg hnetrni l il hldgel dg tgxtn. Gstns hlrlhtgrgs sne crghugetgagetg hnd`c`hldns ge ue hød`kn dltl altr`x. n n +K lkrgkl ue hlrlhtgr dg hnetrni KX li tgxtn, rgprgsgetldn ge gi tgxtn hnan ue K. n n +Z lkrgkl gi hlrlhtgr dg hnetrni ZX li tgxtn, rgprgsgetldn ge gi tgxtn hnan ue Z. n n +T lkrgkl ue hlrlhtgr dg hnetrni GNT li tgxtn, rgprgsgetldn ge gi tgxtn hnan G. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx <-; Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e <.4 LJZ@Z WE VLTZNE Gi snctwlrg pgra`tg li usulr`n D`sgüldnr y Xupgrv`snr kulrdlr `estruhh`negs qug `ed`hle li alrhldnr qug `apr`a`r, hnan `apr`a`r y dnedg `apr`a`r. Gsls `estruhh`negs sne iilaldns pltrnegs. Ins pltrnegs sne hnapugstns pnr uel n aìs bgrrla`getls ‘ tlaj`àe iilaldns hlapns . Hldl hlapn dgc`eg ue njogtn s`apig ge gi pltrøe. Ins hlapns dgc`ege njogtns qug sgrìe `aprgsns n dgc`eg hnaledns qug gi alrhldnr goghutlrl a`getrls sg gstg prnhgsledn gi pltrøe. Ins pltrnegs sne kulrdldns ge il aganr`l dgi hnetrnildnr. Il hlet`dld dg pltrnegs qug pugdge pugdg e sgr kulrdldns dgpgedg dgi hnetge`dn yplrl hnapigo`dld v gz kulrdldns, ins pltrnegs sne cìh`i y rìp`dlagetg iilaldns (lj`grtns) `apr`a`r.dg ins prnp`ns pltrnegs. Wel vgz Wstgd eghgs`tl ljr`r (n hlrklr) ue pltrøe gx`stgetg letgs dg pndgrin `apr`a`r. Dg il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli, prgs`nelr C< (LZHB@SN). Gi s`stgal anstrlrl gi ageÿ dg LZHB@SN. C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Ncci`eg‘ Vlttgre? Vlttgre?WET@TIGD WET@TIGD ?666 66<?] 66:?] 668?] 664?] 667?] Dgi ageÿ dg LZHB@SN, prgs`nelr C< (LJZ@Z). Gi s`stgal anstrlrl il pletliil LJZ@Z VLTZNEGX. Q Q Q Q Q C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV ‘ ‘ NVGZ Ncci`eg C<?NVGE Vlttgre? Vlttgre?WET@TIGD WET@TIGD ?666 66<?] 66:?] 668?] 664?] 667?] Q Q Q Q Q Blhgr uel dg ils nph`negs? Ge gi gsplh`n dg tgxtn dgi pltrøe, tghiglr gi enajrg dgi pltrøe qug sg dgsgl ljr`r (goga, XLAVIG ^6:) y prgs`nelr GETGZ. NVGE VLTTGZE Vlttgre? ] Tntli?66 Tntli?663 3 Vlkg? 6< nc C<‘XLAVIG^6< C:‘XLAVIG^6: C8‘XLAVIG^68 C4‘XLAVIG^64 XLAVIG^67 n 6: Q C 7‘ Dg il i`stl anstrldl, jushlr gi enajrg dgi pltrøe qug sg dgsgl ljr`r, y prgs`nelr il tghil dg cueh`øe hnrrgspned`getg li pltrøe sgighh`neldn. Ge gstg hlsn prgs`nelr C: plrl ljr`r XLAVIG^6:. Entl? X` gi enajrg enajrg dgi pltrøe qug sg dgsgl ljr`r en sg augstrl, prgs`nelr VLK@EL X@KW@GETG plrl anstrlr aìs enajrgs dg pltrnegs. Gi s`stgal rgkrgslrl l il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli hne gi pltrøe sgighh`neldn y hlrkldn (goga, XLAVIG^6:). Gstg pltrøe t`geg dns hlapns dg tgxtn (anstrldn ge il gsqu`el supgr`nr dgrghbl) y gei`stl ins hlapns hl apns hnan *66< y 66:. Gi lstgr`shn (*) `ed`hl qug gi hlapn 66< lda`tg `ecnralh`øe dgi usulr`n. Wstgd pugdg gd`tlr gi tgxtn hne dltns l `apr`a`r. <-2 NVGE VLTTGZE Vlttgre? ] Tntli?66 Tntli?663 3 Vlkg? 6< nc C<‘XLAVIG^6< C:‘XLAVIG^6: C8‘XLAVIG^68 C4‘XLAVIG^64 XLAVIG^67 6: Q C 7‘ C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Ncci`eg‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 : ?66: *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? *66<?]TGRT? 66:?]TGRT? 66:?]TGR T? C`xgd Tgxt? LJHDG 668?] 664?] 667?] 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Q Q Q Q Q Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e <.7 HNINHLZ IL AL\W@EL GE I@EGL Il alqu`el pugdg sgr pugstl ge iáegl n cugrl dg iáegl. Ge Iáegl, il alqu`el gs blj`i`tldl npgrlh`neliagetg. Il alqu`el dgjg gstlr ge iáegl plrl `apr`a`r pltrnegs, s`auilr `aprgs`negs g `etgrlhtulr pns`h`negs dgi gqu`pn ut`i`zledn gi snctwlrg dgi s`stgal dg alrhldn. Cugrl dg Iáegl, il alqu`el gs dgsblj`i`tldl npgrlh`neliagetg. Tndns ins hnaledns dg @aprgs`øe, Vlrn y ntrls pns`h`negs sne `kenrldns. A`getrls gstg cugrl dg iáegl, gi usulr`n dg e`vgi e`v gi npgrldnr pugdg ljr`r pltrnegs, pnegr dltns li ins yhlapns dg tgxtn vlr`ljig gd`tlr ins tgxtns dg hnesuitl. Ins usulr`ns ge e`vgi D`sgüldnr y Xupgrv`snr pugdge hrglr gd`tlr pltrnegs, hlaj`lryplrìagtrns y hlaj`lr il hnec`kurlh`øe. Huledn il alqu`el gs pugstl ge iáegl, gi s`stgal anvgrì li gqu`pn lutnaìt`hlagetg l su Vns`h`øe dg Zgcgrgeh`l. Gstn pgra`tg li gqu`pn rgstlurlr y rgstljighgr su pns`h`øe rgilt`vl ge il vgetlel dg alrhldn y ge huliqu`gr gog lux`i`lr. LDSGZTGEH@L Aletgegr dgspgoldn gi s`stgal dg alrhldn huledn sg hninqug ge iáegl plrl gv`tlr hnetlhtn hne gi gqu`pn ge anv`a`getn. Gi gstldn lhtuli dg il alqu`el (Ncci`eg n Nei`eg) gs anstrldn ge il sgkuedl iáegl dg il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli. *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? 66:?]TGRT? C`xgd Tgxt? LJHDG 668?] 664?] 667?] Vlrl hlaj`lr gi gstldn dg il alqu`el? C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Ncci`eg‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 : ?66: Dg il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli, prgs`nelr C8 (ALHB@EG). Gi s`stgal anstrlrl gi ageÿ ALHB@EG. C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Ncci`eg‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 : ?66: *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? 66:?]TGRT? 66:?]TGR T? C`xgd Tgxt? LJHDG 668?] 664?] 667?] prgs`nelr C; plrl litgrele il sgighh`øe NE/NCC dgsgldl (Ge iáegl n Cugrl dg Iáegl). Q Q Q Q Q C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Ncci`eg‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 : ?66: C<?NE/NCC C;?9NEI@EG 5 C:?VLZM *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? C8?VZGVNX@T@NE 66:?]TGRT? C`xgd Tgxt? C4?KNLJHDG 668?] C7?DZPZWE 664?] 667?] Q Q Q Q Q Huledn gstldn dgsgldn sgl anstrldn, prgs`nelr C<. Gi s`stgal pnedrì il alqu`el ge gi gstldn sgighh`neldn y rgkrgslrl l il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli. X` il alqu`el gs pugstl ge iáegl, gi s`stgal anvgrì hldl gog blj`i`tldn l su Vns`h`øe dg Zgcgrgeh`l ge gstg nrdge? _ (vgrt`hli), dgspuàs Tbgtl (rntlh`neli) y dgspuàs R/P (iltgrli). Entg? Ins gogs _ y Tbgtl en gstìe gstìe blj`i`tldns ge ins gqu`pns gstìedlr TAV4:<6. Q Q Q Q Q C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Ncci`eg‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 : ?66: C<?NE/NCC C;?9NEI@EG 5 C:?VLZM *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? C8?VZGVNX@T@NE 66:?]TGRT? C`xgd Tgxt? C4?KNLJHDG 668?] C7?DZPZWE 664?] 667?] 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Q Q Q Q Q <-0 Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e <.3 VLZN DG IL AL\W@EL Il pns`h`øe dg Vlrn gs dnedg il alqu`el sg augvg huledn gi s`stgal tgra`el dg `apr`a`r ue pltrøe n huledn gi hnaledn dg Vlrn gs lhh`neldn pnr gi npgrldnr. Gstn gs crghugetgagetg dgc`e`dn plrl anvgr il puetl dg alrhldn cugrl dgi hla`en dg tli alegrl qug ustgd pugdl cìh`iagetg anvgr y lsgkurlr ils plrtgs alrhldls. Il pns`h`øe dg Vlrn gs gspghác`hlagetg dg hldl pltrøe y pugdg sgr rgdgc`e`dl pnr gi d`sgüldnr dgi pltrøe. Vnr in tletn, il pns`h`øe dg Vlrn pndrál sgr uel inhli`zlh`øe d`cgrgetg plrl hldl pltrøe qug ustgd ljrl. LDSGZTGEH@L Huledn gi hnaledn dg Vlrn gs lhh`neldn, gi s`stgal lutnaìt`hlagetg anvgrì gi gqu`pn l su pns`h`øe dg Vlrn. Aletgegr dgspgoldn gi alrhldnr huledn sg gevág l plrn y gv`tlr hnetlhtn hne gi gqu`pn ge anv`a`getn. Gev`lr l Vlrn il alqu`el? Lsgkurlrsg qug il alqu`el gstg ge iáegl. (vgr prnhgd`a`getn) Dg il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli, prgs`nelr C8 (ALHB@EG). Gi s`stgal anstrlrl gi ageÿ ALHB@EG. C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 : ?66: *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? 66:?]TGRT? 66:?]TGR T? C`xgd Tgxt? LJHDG 668?] 664?] 667?] Vrgs`nelr C: (VLZM). Gi s`stgal gev`lrl l Vlrn il alqu`el y rgkrgslrl l il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli. Q Q Q Q Q C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6: ?66:5 C<?NE/NCC C;?9NEI@EG C:?VLZM *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? C8?VZGVNX@T@NE 66:?]TGRT? 66:?]TGR T? C`xgd Tgxt? C4?KNLJHDG 668?] C7?DZPZWE 664?] 667?] Q Q Q Q Q X` ue gog lux`i`lr gstì `estlildn y blj`i`tldn, tlaj`àe sg anvgrìe l pns`h`øe dg Vlrn. Gi s`stgal s`kug uel sghugeh`l gspgh`c`hl huledn sg gevál l Vlrn il alqu`el qug gstì usledn ue gog lux`i`lr. Anv`a`getn blh`l Lrr`jl. Huledn gi hnaledn dg Vlrn rgqu`grg anv`a`getn blh`l lrr`jl, gi s`stgal augvg hldl gog l su rgspght`vl pns`h`øe dg Vlrn ge il s`ku`getg sghugeh`l? _ (vgrt`hli), Tbgtl (rntlh`neli) y getnehgs R/P (iltgrli). Anv`a`getn blh`l Ljlon. Huledn gi hnaledn dg plrn rgqu`grg anv`a`getn blh`l ljlon, gi s`stgal augvg hldl gog l su rgspght`vl pns`h`øe dg Vlrn ge il s`ku`getg sghugeh`l? R/P (iltgrli), Tbgtl (rntlh`neli) y dgspuàs _ (vgrt`hli). Entl? Ins gogs _ y Tbgtl en gstìe blj`i`tldns ge gqu`pns gstìedlr gstìedlr TAV4:<6. <-<6 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e <.; VZG-VNX@H@NE DG IL AL\W@EL Gi hnaledn dg prg-pns`h`øe augvg gi hlrtuhbn dg alrhlog l il inhli`zlh`øe dgi pr`agr njogtn l alrhlr ge gi pltrøe. Gstl hlplh`dld gs hnaÿeagetg usldl plrl pns`h`nelr gi hljgzli dg alrhlog li`egldlagetg hne il p`gzl l alrhlr letgs dg blhgr il `aprgs`øe. Ils hnnrdgeldls dg Vrgs-pns`h`øe pugdge sgr inhli`zldls ge huliqu`gr iuklr dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn yl qug gi pr`agr njogtn l `apr`a`r pugdg d`cgr`r ge hldl pltrøe. LDSGZTGEH@L Huledn gi hnaledn dg Vrg-pns`h`øe gs lhh`neldn, gi s`stgal anvgrì lutnaìt`hlagetg li gqu`pn l il inhli`zlh`øe c`oldl dgi pr`agr hlapn dgi pltrøe. Aletgegr dgsploldn gi gqu`pn dg alrhldn plrl gv`tlr hnetlhtn hne gi gqu`pn ge anv`a`getn. Gev`lr l Vrg-pns`h`øe il alqu`el? Lsgkurlrsg qug il alqu`el gstg ge iáegl. (vgr prnhgd`a`getn) Dg il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli, prgs`nelr C8 (ALHB@EG). C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 : ?66: Gi s`stgal anstrlrl gi ageÿ ALHB@EG. *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? 66:?]TGRT? C`xgd Tgxt? LJHDG 668?] 664?] 667?] Vrgs`nelr C8 (VZGVNX@T@NE). Gi s`stgal pns`h`nelrl il alqu`el l alrhlr gi pr`agr hlapn dgi pltrøe y rgkrgslrl l il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli. ]Xnin plrl alrhldnrgs dg p`e giàhtr`hnQ X` gi pr`agr hlapn dgi pltrøe gs ue hnaledn @r l hne gi sgesnr _ blj`i`tldn, gi hnaledn Vrg-pns`h`øe prnvnhlrl qug gi gqu`pn sgesg il p`gzl. Sgr Hnaledn @r l (plrìagtrns dg sgesnr) plrl dgtliigs. Q Q Q Q Q C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 : ?66: C<?NE/NCC C;?9NEI@EG 5 C:?VLZM *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? C8?VZGVNX@T@NE 66:?]TGRT? 66:?]TGR T? C`xgd Tgxt? C4?KNLJHDG 668?] C7?DZPZWE 664?] 667?] 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Q Q Q Q Q <-<< Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e <.2 VNEGZ DLTNX GE INX VLTZNEGX Gi d`sgüldnr dgi pltrøe pugdg dgc`e`r hlapns jlsldns ge tgxtns qug ig pgra`tle agtgr `etrnduh`r dltns li pltrøe a`getrls gi s`stgal gstg ge andn Npgrldnr. Ins I ns dns t`pns dg dltns qug pugdge sgr `etrnduh`dns sne Tgxtn Slr`ljig y Tgxtn dg Hnesuitl. Tgxtn Slr`ljig Gi tgxtn vlr`ljig sne dltns qug ustgd `etrnduhg d`rghtlagetg l il hldgel dg tgxtn. Gi tgxtn vlr`ljig gs usldn pnr hlapn. Ins hlapns qug lhgptle tgxtns vlr`ljigs gstìe `dget`c`hldns ge il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli hne ue lstgr`shn (*). Tgxtn dg Hnesuitl Ins tgxtns dg hnesuitl sne dltns qug ustgd `etrnduhg l uel tljil dg jÿsqugdl. Gi s`stgal ut`i`zl il tljil plrl `esgrtlr dltns l il hldgel dg tgxtn lprnp`ldl ge gi pltrøe dgc`e`dn pnr gi d`sgüldnr. Gstl hlplh`dld pgra`tg `etrnduh`r dltns l aÿit`pigs hlapns dg tgxtn dgsdg uel snil inhli`zlh`øe. Entl? Ins hlapns qug lhgptle tgxtns dg hnesuitl en gstìe `dget`c`hldns ge il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli Hldl aàtndn plrl `etrnduh`r dltns ge ins pltrnegs sne gxpi`hldns ge ins s`ku`getgs pìrrlcns. <.2.< @etrnduh`r Tgxtns Slr`ljigs Vlrl `etrnduh`r tgxtns vlr`ljigs ge ue hlapn dg ue pltrøe? Lsgkurlrsg qug gi pltrøe gstg lj`grtn. (vgr prnhgd`a`getn) Dg il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli, prgs`nelr CIGHBL BLH@L C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV LJLON. NVGZ ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 : ?66: Gi puetgrn sg anvgrì li pr`agr p r`agr hlapn dg il i`stl. *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? Q Eøtgsg qug gi pr`agr hlapn gstì `dget`c`hldn hne 66:?]TGRT? 66:?]TGR T? C`xgd Tgxt? LJHDG Q ue lstgr`shn (*66<). Gstg hlapn lhgptl tgxtn 668?] Q vlr`ljig. 664?] Q Entl? X` gi hlapn hlapn qug sg dgsgl gd`tlr gstì ge 667?] Q ntrl plrtg dg il i`stl, prgs`nelr ils cighbgs LJLON n LZZ@JL blstl gi hlapn sgighh`neldn. X` gi hlapn qug sg dgsgl gd`tlr en sg augstrl ge il pletliil, prgs`nelr VLETLIIL X@KW@GETG n LETGZ@NZ plrl anstrlr aìs hlapns dgi pltrøe (s` gx`stge). Hne gi hlapn sgighh`neldn, prgs`nelr GETGZ. Gi s`stgal ljr`rì il pletliil dg gd`h`øe dgi tgxtn vlr`ljig. Tghiglr gi dltn ge gi gsplh`n ] Q (goga, <:847) Gi d`sgüldnr dgi pltrøe dgc`e`rì gi aìx`an dg hlrlhtgrgs lda`t`dns. Nph`neliagetg, uel gt`qugtl pugdg sgr dgc`e`dl li ildn dgi huldrn dg tgxtn (goga, VLZT EWAJGZ) plrl lyudlr l `dget`c`hlr quà t`pn dg dltn sg `etrnduh`rì. Dgspuàs dg `etrnduh`r gi dltn, prgs`nelr C<(LHHGVT) Gi s`stgal rgkrgslrl l il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli. Gi dltn `etrnduh`dn sg anstrlrl ge il hldgel dg tgxtn. Entg? Gi d`sgüldnr dgi pltrøe dgc`e`rì s` gi tgxtn sg hnesgrvlrl n sg i`ap`lrl dgspuàs dg hldl `aprgs`øe. X` sg dgc`eg i`ap`lr, gi s`stgal prnvnhlrl qug ustgd rg-`esgrtg il `ecnralh`øe letgs dg pgra`t`r il s`ku`getg `aprgs`øe X` sg dgc`eg rgtgegr, gi pgtlrne tnalrl gi tgxtn `etrnduh`dn y hnet`eulrl `apr`a`gedn hnesghut`vlagetg (a`getrls en sg plkug gi gqu`pn). Wsgr Tgxt Gd`tnr Cnr C`gid #66< VLZT EWAJGZ ]<:847 Q C< LHHGVT C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6: ?66: <-<: *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? <:847 *66<?]TGRT? 66:?]TGRT? 66:?]TGR T? C`xgd Tgxt? LJHDG 668?] 664?] 667?] 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Q Q Q Q Q Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e <.2.: @etrnduh`r Tgxtns dg Hnesuitl Ins tgxtns dg hnesuitl sne dltns qug ustgd `etrnduhg l uel tljil dg jÿsqugdl. Gi s`stgal ut`i`zl il tljil plrl `esgrtlr dltns l il hldgel dg tgxtn lprnp`ldl ge gi pltrøe dgc`e`dn pnr gi d`sgüldnr. Gstl hlplh`dld pgra`tg `etrnduh`r dltns l aÿit`pigs hlapns dg tgxtn dgsdg uel snil inhli`zlh`øe. Vlrl `etrnduh`r ue tgxtn dg hnesuitl l uel tljil dg jÿsqugdl? Entl? We pltrøe en t`geg qug sgr lj`grtn plrl gd`tlr il tljil dg jÿsqugdl. Ge gi gogapin, gstì lj`grtn gi pltrøe XLAVIG^68 snin plrl anstrlr hnan ue dltn ge il tljil dg jÿsqugdl gs inhli`zldn ge ins hlapns dgi pltrøe. Dg il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli, prgs`nelr C7 (XGTWV) Gi s`stgal anstrlrl gi ageÿ Xgtup. C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 8 ?664 66<?]TGRT? 66:?]TGRT? 66:?]TGRT? 668?]TGRT? 664?]TGRT? 667?] Dg gi ageÿ Xgtup, prgs`nelr C: (\WGZP TGRT) Gi s`stgal anstrlrl il tljil dg jÿsqugdl. Il tljil dg jÿsqugdl t`geg :6 inhli`dldgs dg aganr`l. Bly 7 inhli`dldgs i`stldls pnr pìk`el. Il pr`agrl plk`el augstrl ils inhli`dldgs dginr < li 7 Ins inhli`zldnrgs "| |" snjrg il iáegl supgr`nr supgr` `ed`hl huletls inhli`dldgs sne anstrldls. Vrgs`nelr VLK@EL X@KW@GETG n LETGZ@NZ plrl anstrlr ils dgaìs inhli`dldgs. Ins tátuins dg ils inhli`dldgs (goga, <,:,8,4,7 ge gi ildn `zqu`grdn) pugdge sgr gd`tldns snin ge andn D`sgüldnr n Xupgrv`snr. Ins tátuins lyudle l `dget`c`hlr quà t`pn dg dltn dgjgrì `etrnduh`rsg l ils inhli`dldgs dg aganr`l. Ils inhli`dldgs dgi ildn dgrghbn pugdge sgr `etrnduh`dls ge andn Npgrldnr. \ugry \ugry \ugry \ugry Tgxt Tgxt Tgxt Tgxt Xint Xint Xint Xint # # # # <? :? <? 8? Q Q Q Q Q C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 8 ?664 C<?IGSGI C3?9DGX@KEGZ5 66<?]TGRT? 66:?]TGRT? 668?]TGRT? 664?]TGRT? 667?] \WGZP TGRT? < : 8 4 7 C< XLSG Tghiglr gi dltn ge gi pr`agr gsplh`n d`spne`jig (goga, NEG) Vrgs`nelr il CIGHBL BLH@L LJLON. Gi puetgrn sg anvgrì l il s`ku`getg inhli`dld. Tghiglr gi dltn ge gi Xgkuedn gsplh`n (goga, T[N) Vrgs`nelr il CIGHBL BLH@L LJLON. \WGZP TGRT? Tghiglr gi dltn ge gi tgrhgr gsplh`n (goga, TBZGG). Dgspuàs dg `etrnduh`r gi dltn, prgs`nelr C< (XLSG). Entl? Vrgs`neledn GXH ljlednelrl huliqu`gr hlaj`n qug sg blyl bghbn. < : 8 4 7 C< XLSG C:?\WGZP TGRT \ugry Tgxt Xint # \ugry Tgxt Xint # \ugry Tgxt Xint # \ugry Tgxt Xint # <-7 3-<6 <? :? <? 8? <<-<7 Q Q Q Q Q <3-:6 Q Q Q Q Q ?] ?] ?] ?] ?] <-7 3-<6 <<-<7 <3-:6 ?]NEG ?]T[N ?]TBZGG ?] ?] Q Q Q Q Q Gi s`stgal rgkrgslrl l il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli y anstrlrl ins dltns `etrnduh`dns ge gi tgxtn lprnp`ldn. Eøtgsg ge gstg gogapin gi dltn dgi ’Xint#<‑ bl s`dn `esgrtldn : vghgs, uel ge gi hlapn 66< y ntrl ge gi hlapn 668. Ins hlapns 66< y 668 sne dgc`e`dns plrl olilr olil r gi dltn dg il pr`agrl inhli`dld dg il tljil dg jÿsqugdl. C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 8 ?664 66<?]TGRT? 66:?]TGRT? 668?]TGRT? 664?]TGRT? 664?]TGR T? 667?] 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx \ugry \ugry \ugry \ugry Tgxt Tgxt Tgxt Tgxt Xint Xint Xint Xi Xint nt # # # # <? :? <? 8 8? ? NEG T[N NEG TBZGG Q Q Q Q Q <-<8 Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e <.0 X@AWILZ @AVZGX@NE (X@AWILH@NE) Wstgd pugdg s`auilr il `aprgs`øe dgi pltrøe lhtuli s`e lht`vlr gi pgren dg `aplhtn. Blhgr uel s`auilh`øe pgra`tg hnrrgr il alqu`el l trlvàs dg ins anv`a`getns aghìe`hns rgqugr`dns plrl `apr`a`r ins njogtns dgi pltrøe s`e alrhlr. Gstl hlplh`dld tlaj`àe pgra`tg lsgkurlrsg qug gi njogtn l alrhlr gs pns`h`neldn y nr`getldn ldghuldlagetg li pltrøe hlrkldn. Vlrl rgli`zlr il s`auilh`øe? Lsgkurlrsg qug gi pltrøe gstg lj`grtn. (vgr prnhgd`a`getn) Lsgkurlrsg qug gi gqu`pn gstg ge iáegl. (vgr prnhgd`a`getn) Blhgr uel lhh`øe dg in s`ku`getg? Aletgegr prgs`neldl il tghil XB@CT y prgs`nelr il tghil dg @AVZGX@NE n Dg il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli, prgs`nelr C8 (ALHB@EG), y prgs`nelr C7 (DZPZWE) <.<6 @AVZ@A@Z WE VLTZNE Vlrl `apr`a`r ue pltrøe? Lsgkurlrsg qug gi pltrøe gstg lj`grtn. (vgr prnhgd`a`getn) Lsgkurlrsg qug il alqu`el gstg ge iáegl. (vgr prnhgd`a`getn) Lsgkurlrsg qug il p`gzl, gi pltrøe y gqu`pn gstà i`stn plrl `apr`a`r? Zgv`slr gi Xupigagetn dg Npgrlh`øe dgi alrhldnr gspghác`hn plrl dgtliigs dg hnec`kurlh`øe dg blrdwlrg y ntrls hnes`dgrlh`negs dg alrhlog. (nph`neli) Vnegr ge Vlrn il alqu`el. (nph`neli) Gev`lr l Vrg-pns`h`øe il alqu`el. Vns`h`nelr y lsgkurlr gi njogtn l alrhlr. (nph`neli) Zgli`zlr uel s`auilh`øe. @etrnduh`r tgxtn vlr`ljig n tgxtn dg hnesuitl, s` lpi`hl. (vgr prnhgd`a`getn) Blhgr uel dg ils s`ku`getgs lhh`negs? Vrgs`nelr tghil dg @AVZGX@NE n Dg il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli, prgs`nelr C8 (ALHB@EG), y dgspuàs prgs`nelr C4 (KN) <.<< DGTGEGZ GI H@HIN DG @AVZGX@NE Dgtgegr gi h`hin dg `aprgs`øe ljnrtl il npgrlh`øe dg alrhlog y hninhl gi gqu`pn cugrl dg iáegl. X` sg dgt`geg uel `aprgs`øe dg ue pltrøe qug hnet`geg eÿagrns sgr`ligs, sg tgedrì qug hnetlhtlr li d`sgüldnr n supgrv`snr plrl rgstlurlr ins vlinrgs dgi eÿagrn sgr`li letgs dg rgleudlr rgl eudlr ils npgrlh`negs enraligs dg `aprgs`øe. Vrgs`nelr il tghil dg VLZN . Gi s`stgal anstrlrl ageslog dg rgtrnli`agetlh`øe qug il `aprgs`øe bl s`dn ljnrtldl. Vrgs`nelr C< (LHMEN[IGDKG) plrl i`ap`lr gi ageslog dg il pletliil. <-<4 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e <.<: VZNJLZ IL AL\W@EL Gi hnaledn dg prugjl dg il alqu`el gs usldl plrl rg pns`h`nelr `etgrlht`vlagetg ins gogs dg il alqu`el usledn gi snctwlrg. Gstl hlplh`dld ig pgra`tg anvgr gi gqu`pn dg alrhldn l huliqu`gr iuklr dgetrn dg ins iáa`tgs dg hlrrgrl. LDSGZTGEH@L Aletgegr dgspgoldn gi ìrgl dgi gqu`pn dg alrhldn plrl gv`tlr hnetlhtn hne gi gqu`pn ge anv`a`getn. Lsgkurlrsg qug il alqu`eg gstg ge iáegl. (vgr prnhgd`a`getn) Vrgs`nelr il tghil ONK . Gi s`stgal anstrlrl il pletliil dg prugjl, s`a`ilr l il anstrldl lquá. Xgighh`nelr gogs R/P (iltgrligs) Il pr`agr plk`el anstrlrl lutnaìt`hlagetg il pletliil ONK R/P. Gstl pletliil pgra`tg rg pns`h`nelr ins gogs R/P (iltgrligs). X` gx`stg ue gog lux`i`lr `estlildn y blj`i`tldn, dgjgrì sgr i`stldn ge il pr`agrl iáegl dg il pletliil ONK. Ins sgüli`zldnrgs "| |" snjrg il iáegl supgr`nr `ed`hl huligs huligs plrìagtrns dg ins gogs sne anstrldns. Gi prnhgd`a`getn prn hgd`a`getn plrl prnjlr ins gogs lux`i`lrgs sne `ed`hldns aìs ldgiletg ge gstl sghh`øe. ONK? Sgr`c`hlr qug gi puetgrn gstg snjrg gi plrìagtrn Zgsniuh`øe. X` en, prgs`nelr TLJ plrl sgighh`nelrin. Il rgsniuh`øe pgra`tg sgighh`nelr il prgh`s`øe dg hldl anv`a`getn. Vrgs`nelr GETGZ plrl litgrelr ins e`vgigs d`spne`jigs dg Zgsniuh`øe? X`ekig, C`eg, n Hnlrsg. _ TBGTL Zgsniut`ne? 9HNLZXG 5 Drnp V`e? R? ] 3.6666Q`e P? ] 3.6666Q`e C< LHHGVT ONK? Xgighh`nelr Il Vrgh`s`øe dgi Anv`a`getn R/P R/P _ C: KNTN TBGTL Zgsniut`ne? 9HNLZXG 5 Drnp V`e? R? ] 3.6666Q`e P? ] 3.6666Q`e C< LHHGVT C: KNTN Vrnjlr ins gogs R/P Il pletliil augstrl inslhtuli`zlrl vlinrgs lhtuligs ge insdggogs y P dgetrn dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn. Tletn il alqu`el gstg ge anv`a`getn gi s`stgal ins vlinrgs ils Rhnnrdgeldls. Vrgs`nelr ils CIGHBLX @_\W@GZDL n DGZGHBL plrl anvgr il alqu`el l il `zqu`grdl n dgrghbl l in ilrkn dgi gog R. Vrgs`nelr ils CIGHBLX LZZ@JL n LJLON plrl anvgr il alqu`el blh`l Ldgiletn n ltrìs l in ilrkn dgi gog P P.. Anvgr l uel inhli`zlh`øe gspgh`c`hl ge R/P Vrgs`nelr TLJ plrl sgighh`nelr gi huldrn dgi gog R. @etrnduh`r il hnnrdgeldl dgi gog R l dnedg sg dgsgl sg augvl gi gqu`pn. Vrgs`nelr TLJ plrl sgighh`nelr gi huldrn dgi gog P. @etrnduh`r il hnnrdgeldl dgi gog P dnedg sg dgsgl sg augvl gi gqu`pn. ONK? R/P _ TBGTL Zgsniut`ne? 9HNLZXG 5 Drnp V`e? R? ] 3.6666Q`e P? ] 3.6666Q`e C< LHHGVT C: KNTN Vrgs`nelr C: (KNTN) plrl anvgr gi gqu`pn l il inhli`zlh`øe gspgh`c`hldl hne ils hnnrdgeldls R/P. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx <-<7 Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e VZWGJL DG AL\W@EL (hnet`eulh`øe) Dgshgesn dg il puetl dg `aplhtn ]snin plrl gqu`pns giàhtr`hns y TAV3<66 eguaìt`hnQ Gstl hlplh`dld ig pgra`tg jlolr (gxtgedgr) il puetl dg `aplhtn plrl vgr`c`hlr su inhli`zlh`øe gxlhtl snjrg il supgrc`h`g l alrhlr. Vrgs`nelr TLJ plrl sgighh`nelr gi huldrn Drnp V`e. Vrgs`nelr GETGZ plrl gxtgedgr il puetl ( ). Vrgs`nelr GETGZ eugvlagetg plrl rgtrlgr il puetl (). ONK? R/P _ TBGTL Zgsniut`ne? 9HNLZXG 5 Drnp V`e? R? ] 3.6666Q`e P? ] 3.6666Q`e C< LHHGVT C: KNTN ENT@C@HLH@NE Gi gog _ en gstì blj`i`tldn plrl gqu`pns gstìedlr TAV4:<6. Xgighh`nelr gi gog _ (vgrt`hli) Entl? Gig gog _ en gstì blj`i`tldn plrl gqu`pns gstìedlr TAV4:<6. X` gstì `estlildn y blj`i`tldn, gi gog _ pgra`tg anvgr gi hljgzli blh`l lrr`jl y ljlon pnr agd`n dgi pnstg dgi gog _. Vrgs`neg X@KW@GETG VLK@EL blstl qug sg augstrl il pletliil Onk _. Xgighh`nelr il prgh`s`ne dgi anv`a`getn Sgr`c`hlr qug gi puetgrn gstg snjrg ig plrìagtrn dg Zgsniuh`øe. X` en, prgs`nelr TLJ plrl sgighh`nelrin. Gi plrìagtrn dg Zgsniuh`øe pgra`tg gigk`r il prgh`s`øe dg hldl anv`a`getn. ONK? R/P _ TBGTL Zgsniut`ne? 9HNLZXG 5 _? ] 6.6666Q`e Vrgs`nelr GETGZ plrl litgrelr ins e`vgigs d`spne`jigs dg rgsniuh`øe? X`ekig, C`eg, n Hnlrsg. C< LHHGVT C: KNTN Vrugjl dgi gog _ Il pletliil augstrl ins vlinrgs lhtuligs dgi gog _. Hnan sg augvl gi gqu`pn, gi s`stgal lhtuli`zlrl ils hnnrdgeldls. Vrgs`nelr CIGHBL BLH@L LZZ@JL N LJLON plrl anvgr gi gqu`pn lrr`jl n ljlon l trlvàs dgi pnstg dgi gog _. Anvgr gi gog _ l uel inhli`zlh`øe gspgh`c`hl Vrgs`nelr TLJ plrl sgighh`nelr gi huldrn dgi gog _. @etrnduh`r il hnnrdgeldl dgi gog _ l il huli sg dgsgg sg augvl gi gqu`pn. Vrgs`nelr C: (KNTN) plrl anvgr gi gqu`pn l il inhli`zlh`øe gspgh`c`hldl. <-<3 ONK? R/P _ TBGTL Zgsniut`ne? 9HNLZXG 5 _? ] 6.6666Q`e C< LHHGVT 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx C: KNTN Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e VZWGJL DG IL AL\W@EL (hnet`eulh`øe) ENT@C@HLH@ØE Gi gog Tbgtl en gstì d`spne`jig plrl gqu`pns gstìedlr TAV4:<6. Xgighh`nelr gi gog Tbgtl (rntlh`neli) X` gstì `estlildn y blj`i`tldn, gi gog tbgtl pgra`tg k`rlr gi d`spns`t`vn rntlt`vn. Vrgs`nelr X@KW@GETG VLK@EL blstl qug il pletliil Onk Tbgtl lplrgzhl. ONK? _ TBGTL Zgsniut`ne? 9HNLZXG 5 Tbgtl? ] 6.6666Qdgkrggs Xgighh`nelr il prgh`s`øe dgi anv`a`getn R/P Sgr`c`hlr qug gi puetgrn gstg snjrg gi plrìagtrn dg Zgsniuh`øe. X` en, prgs`nelr TLJ plrl sgighh`nelrin. Gi plrìagtrn dg rgsniuh`øe pgra`tg dgc`e`r il prgh`s`øe dg hldl anv`a`getn. C< LHHGVT C: KNTN Vrgs`nelr GETGZ plrl litgrelr ils nph`negs d`spne`jigs? X`ekig (6.<¶), C`eg (<¶), n Hnlrsg (<6¶). Vrnjlr gi gog Tbgtl Il pletliil augstrl ins vlinrgs lhtuligs dg il pns`h`øe dgi gog rntlt`vn. Hnan sg augvl il alqu`el, gi s`stgal lhtuli`zlrl ils hnnrdgeldls. Vrgs`nelr CIGHBLX DGZGHBL n @_\W@GZDL plrl k`rlr gi d`spns`t`vn ge sget`dn dg ils alegh`iils dgi rgino n ge hnetrl. Anvgr l ue inhli`zlh`øe gspgh`c`hl gi gog Tbgtl ONK? Vrgs`nelr TLJ plrl sgighh`nelr gi huldrn dgi gog Tbgtl. @etrnduh`r il hnnrdgeldl dgi gog Tbgtl l il huli sg dgsgl anvgr gi d`spns`t`vn. Vrgs`nelr C: (KNTN) plrl k`rlr gi d`spns`t`vn l il inhli`zlh`øe dg ils hnnrdgeldls gspgh`c`hldls. R/P _ TBGTL Zgsniut`ne? 9HNLZXG 5 Tbgtl? ] 6.6666Qdgkrggs C< LHHGVT C: KNTN Hgrrlr il Vletliil dg Vrugjl Vrgs`nelr C< (n GXH) plrl hgrrlr il pletliil dg prugjl 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx <-<; Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e <.<8 ANXTZLZ @ECNZALH@ØE DGI X@XTGAL Ge hlsn dg qug ustgd eghgs`tg hnesuitlr l Xgrv`h`n Tghe`hn dg Tgigs`s, ustgd eghgs`tlrl rgpnrtlr gi eÿagrn dg plrtg y vgrs`øe dgi snctwlrg dg su s`stgal. Dg il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli, prgs`nelr C4 (ALZMGZ). Gi s`stgal anstrlrl gi ageÿ ALZMGZ. C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Ncci`eg‘ Vlttgre? Vlttgre?WET@TIGD WET@TIGD ?666 66<?] 66:?] 668?] 664?] 667?] Dgi ageÿ ALZMGZ, prgs`nelr C< (LJNWT). Gi s`stgal anstrlrl uel pletliil s`a`ilr l il s`ku`getg. Q Q Q Q Q C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Ncci`eg‘ Vlttgre? Vlttgre?WET@TIGD WET@TIGD ?666 C<?LJNWT 66<?] 66:?] 668?] 664?] 667?] Lentlr il `ecnralh`øe anstrldl ge gi sgkuedn y tgrhgr rgekiøe. Vrgs`nelr GXH rgkrgslrl l il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli. Q Q Q Q Q TGIGX@X TGHBENINK@GX @EH. xxxxxxx/4;6 ‘ xxxxxx Sgrs`ne x.xx Hnpyr`kbt (h) :662 Lii Z`kbts Zgsgrvgd <.<4 ANXTZLZ GI T@GAVN DG H@HIN DG DG @AVZGX@NE Vlrl anstrlr gi t`gapn hnapigtg qug tnan li s`stgal plrl blhgr il uit`al `aprgs`øe? <-<2 Dg il Vletliil pr`eh`pli, prgs`nelr HTZI + T. Gi s`stgal anstrlrl gi t`gapn ge gi tgrhgr rgekiøe dg il pletliil (ljlon dgi enajrg dgi pltrøe). Gi vlinr rgprgsgetldn gs gi t`gapn getrg gi `e`h`n dg h`hin y il tgra`elh`øe dgi alrhldn. alr hldn. En sg hnetlj`i`zl gi t`gapn dg `r l Vlrn, `r l pns`h`øe dg Zgcgrgeh`l gth. Gi t`gapn gs anstrldn ge sgkuedns, hne prgh`s`øe dg 6.66< sgkuedns. Gi t`gapn t`g apn anstrldn lutnaìt`hlagetg sg jnrrlrl li `e`h`li gi s`ku`getg h`hin dg alrhldn. C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 : ?66: ?687.2<2 sghs *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? <:847 Q 66:?]TGRT? 66:?]TGR T? C`xgd Tgxt? LJHDG Q 668?] Q 664?] Q 667?] Q Vlrl jnrrlr dg il pletliil gi t`gapn anstrldn aleuliagetg, prgs`nelr HTZI + T. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e <.<7 WXLEDN IL @ETGZCLHG AGZI@E @@@ Entl? Il hnegx`øe li snctwlrg Agri`e @@@ en gstì d`spne`jig plrl gqu`pns gstìedlr TAV4:<6. Gi Hnetrnildnr TH4;6 pugdg sgr usldn ge gstlh`negs `edgpged`getgs n hneghtldn l uel hnaputldnrl hnrr`gedn hnrr`ged n gi Xnctwlrg dg d`sgün v`suli Agri`e @@@. Gi Agri`e @@@ gs ue snctwlrg dg 8:-j`t, jlsldn ge [`ednws®, [PX@[PK lpi`hlh`øe qug pgra`tg ue `etgrclhg krlc`hn li usulr`n plrl d`sgülr pltrnegs cìh`i y rìp`dlagetg. Wsledn gi Agri`e @@@, ustgd pugdg d`sgülr y hnap`ilr pltrnegs y jinhm qug pugdge sgr dgshlrkldns dgi Hnetrnildnr TAH4;6. A`getrls gstà hneghtldn l uel hnaputldnrl, Gi Agri`e @@@ ncrghg ue hnetrni npgrlh`neli hnapigtg dgi s`stgal dg alrhldn. X` sg dgshneghtl, gi hnetrni npgrlh`neli rgkrgsl li tghildn dgi TAH4;6. Huliqu`gr pltrøe n jinhm qug tÿ dgshlrklstg dgi Agri`e @@@ pugdg sgr usldn pnr gi hnetrnildnr hnan gstlh`øe `edgpged`getg. ENT@C@HLH@NE A`getrls gi snctwlrg Agri`e @@@ gstg hnetrnildn gi s`stgal, Gi tghildn dgi TAH4;6 gs dgsblj`i`tldn. Xnin ils tghils dg @AVZGX@NE y VLZN (ljnrtlr) pgraleghge cueh`neligs ge gi tghildn dgi hnetrnildnr. Gi Vugrtn @/N dgi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6 pgraleghg cueh`neli plrl sgüligs dg getrldls/sli`dls. <.<7.< Zgsuage dg Hlplh`dldgs Ljlon gstl ue rgsuage dg hlplh`dldgs npgrlh`neligs qug gstìe blj`i`tldls huledn gi Agri`e @@ gstì n en hneghtldn li Hnetrnildnr TAH4;6. Huledn il hnaputldnrl gstl hneghtl y gi Agri`e @@@ hnrr`gedn? Il npgrlh`øe hnapigtl dgi s`stgal gs hnetrnildl pnr gi Agri`e @@@ ge `etgrclhg hne uel hnaputldnrl. Sgr @e`h`ledn gi Hnetrni Agri`e (ljlon) plrl dgtliigs. Gi Vugrtn @/N dgi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6 pgraleghg cueh`neli plrl sgüligs rgantls getrldls/sli`dls. Il tghil dg @AVZGX@NE dgi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6 pgraleghg cueh`neli. Il tghil dg VLZN (ljnrtlr) dgi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6 pgraleghg cueh`neli. Tndls ils ntrls tghils dgi hnetrnildnr TH4;6 sne dgsblj`i`tldls. Ins pltrnegs dgi Agri`e kulrdldns ge il hnaputldnrl pugdge sgr hlrkldns, and`c`hldns (hne lutnr`zlh`øe) lutnr`zlh` øe) g `aprgsns. Ins pltrnegs y jinms dgi Agri`e pugdge sgr dgshlrkldns dg il hnaputldnrl li hnetrnildnr TAH4;6. Sgr Dgshlrkledn Vltrnegs dgi Agri`e (hlp`tuin :). Ins plrìagtrns rgilh`neldns l ins pltrnegs pugdge sgr dgshlrkldns dgi Agri`e @@@ li Hnetrnildnr TAH4;6. TAH4;6 . Sgr Dgshlrkledn plrìagtrns dgi s`stgal dgi Agri`e (hlp`tuin 8) plrl dgtliigs. Ils Cugetgs gspgh`ligs (usgr) pugdge sgr dgshlrkldls dg il hnaputldnrl li hnetrnildnr TAH4;6. Sgr Xgighh`øe dg Cugetgs (hlp`tuin :) plrl dgtliigs. Huledn il hnaputldnrl en gstì hneghtldl n gi Agri`e en gstì hnrr`gedn? Il npgrlh`øe hnapigtl dgi s`stgal gstì hnetrnildl pnr gi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6. Sgr Zgleudledn gi Hnetrni dgi TAH4;6 (ljlon) plrl dgtliigs. Tndls ils cueh`negs dgi tghildn dgi Hnetrnildnr TAH4;6 gstìe blj`i`tldls. Tndns ins pltrnegs kulrdldns ge il aganr`l dgi hnetrnildnr (`ehiuygedn ins qug cugrne dgshlrkldns dgi Agri`e @@@) pugdge sgr hlrkldns, and`c`hldns (hne lutnr`zlh`øe) g `aprgsns. Huliqu`gr jinhm qug cug dgshlrkldn dgi Agri`e @@@ pugdg sgr usldn `e ins pltrnegs dgi TAH4;6 TAH4;6.. Sgr Dgc`e`gedn Njogtns ge Vltrnegs? Jinhms (hlp`tuin :) plrl dgtliigs. Huliqu`gr cugetg gspgh`li (Wsgr) dgshlrkldl dg il hnaputldnrl pugdg sgr usldl ge ins pltrnegs dgi TAH4;6. Sgr Xgighh`ne dg Cugetg (hlp`tuin :) plrl dgtliigs. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx <-<0 Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e <.<7.: @e`h`ledn @e`h`l edn gi hnetrni Agri`e Vlrl hnetrnilr ils npgrlh`negs dg alrhlog dgsdg il `etgrclhg Agri`e @@@? Lsgkurlrsg qug gi TAH4;6 gstg LVLKLDN y gi Agri`e @@@ en gstà hnrr`gedn. Lsgkurlrsg qug il hnaputldnrl gstg lprnp`ldlagetg hneghtldl y tndns ins plrìagtrns dg hnaue`hlh`øe hnec`kurldns. Sgr Vrnp`gdldgs dg Hnaue`hlh`øe Gtbgregt/Agri`e (hlp`tuin 8) plrl dgtliigs. Gehgedgr gi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6. Lsgkurlrsg qug il pletliil Vr`eh`pli sgl anstrldl. (Gi s`stgal pugdg gstlr ge andn Npgrldnr, D`sgüldnr n Xupgrv`snr). Gehgedgr il hnaputldnrl. Lrrlehlr gi snctwlrg Agri`e @@@. Gi s`stgal anstrlrl A8 `ed`hledn qug gi Agri`e @@@ t`geg gi hnetrni npgrlh`neli. X` j`ge, il pletliil pr`eh`pli iuhg `kuli, snin gi `ed`hldnr Ncci`eg/Nei`eg pgraleghg cueh`neli. Sgr @estruhh`negs dg Npgrlh`øe dgi Agri`e @@@ plrl dgtliigs dgi usn dgi snctwlrg Agri`e @@@. Wstgd pugdg vgr ge pletliil ils `estruhh`negs dg npgrlh`øe pnr agd`n dgi snctwlrg ge gi ageÿ dg Lyudl. <.<7.8 Zgleudledn gi Hnetrni dgi TAH4;6 Dgshneghtlr gi hnetrnildnr dgi Agri`e @@@ y rgleudledn gi hnetrni dgi tghildn dgi TAH4;6? Xli`r dgi Xnctwlrg Agri`e @@@. Gi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6 rghupgrlrl gi hnetrni dgi s`stgal dg alrhldn. Gi s`stgal sgrì lutnaìt`hlagetg pugstn cugrl dg iáegl y ge andn npgrldnr. Nph`neliagetg, sg pugdg lplklr il hnaputldnrl y dgshneghtlr gi hljig gtbgregt. C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?WET@TIGD A8 ?666 66<?] 66:?] 668?] 664?] 667?] Q Q Q Q Q C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV Npgr ‘Ncci`eg‘ Vlttgre?WET@TIGD ?666 66<?] 66:?] 668?] 664?] 667?] Q Q Q Q Q <.<7.4 Zghupgrlednsg dg uel dgshneghh`ne `egspgrldl X` gi TAH4;6 sg dgshneghtl `egspgrldlagetg dgi Agri`e @@@, s`kug ins s`ku`getgs plsns plrl il rg hnegx`øe. Wsledn gi Agri`e @@@, kulrdl huliqu`gr hlaj`n dgi pltrøe, qug pugdg sgr qug gstg ge prnkrgsn. Xli`r dgi snctwlrg Agri`e @@@. Lplklr Hnetrnildnr TAH4;6 y vnivgr l gehgedgr. Vgra`t`r qug gi TAH4;6 hnapigtg su lrrlequg. Gspgrlr blstl qug il pletliil Vr`eh`pli lplrgzhl. Lrrlehlr gi Agri`e @@@. Il hnegx`øe dgjgrì rgstljighgrsg lutnaìt`hlagetg. <.<3 XLI@Z DGI XNCT[LZG / LVLKLZ Gi s`stgal dg alrhldn pugdg pgraleghgr turen l turen s`e eghgs`dld dg lplklr y gehgedgr. X` sg gi`kg lplklr gi s`stgal? Inhli`zlr gi sw`thb dg gehged`dn ge gi plegi trlsgrl (l ue ildn dgi hljig dg hnrr`getg). Vns`h`nelr gi sw`thb ge LVLKLDN (N). Gi s`stgal tgra`elrl `eagd`ltlagetg y il gegrkál giàhtr`hl sgrì hnrtldl blh`l gi Hnetrnildnr y dg tndns ins gqu`pns hneghtldns li hnetrnildnr. Sgr Xupigagetn dg Npgrlh`øe dgi alrhldnr gspghác`hn plrl prnhgd`a`getns ld`h`neligs dg lplkldn, s` sg rgqu`grg. <-:6 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e Hlp`tuin : D`sgün dg Vltrnegs y Alegon :.< DGXHZ@VH@NE KGEGZLI Ins pltrnegs sne uel sgr`g dg `estruhh`negs qug ig `ed`hle li s`stgal dg alrhldn qug `apr`a`r, dnedg y hnan `apr`a`r. Gsls `estruhh`negs gstìe kulrdldls hnan pltrnegs ge il aganr`l dgi hnetrnildnr. Gi hnetrnildnr pugdg kulrdlr blstl :66 pltrnegs, dgpged`gedn dgi tlalün `ed`v`duli dg ins a`sans. Vugdge sgr cìh`i y rìp`dlagetg lj`grtns, gd`tldns, hnp`ldns, rgenajrldns, `aprgsns n jnrrldns. Ins pltrnegs gstns bghbns dg vlr`ls bgrrla`getls tlaj`àe iilaldls hlapns. Hldl hlapn dgc`eg ue njogtn s`apig ge gi pltrøe. Ins hlapns pugdge dgc`e`rsg hnan njogtns `apr`a`jigs, `apr`a`j igs, en `apr`a`jigs (pilet`iils) n hnaledns qug gi alrhldnr prnhgslrl huledn gi pltrøe gs `aprgsn. Ins plrìagtrns plrìagtrn s dg ins pltrnegs, nph`negs y hlapns sne kulrdldns ge hldl pltrøe. Hlaj`ledn ins plrìagtrns gspghác`hns dg ue pltrøe y gd`tledn g d`tledn ins hlapns dgi pltrøe lcghtlrl snin li pltrøe hrgldn n gd`tldn. En lcghtlrl ins dgaìs pltrnegs kulrdldns ge gi hnetrnildnr. Gstg hlpátuin dl `estruhh`negs y kuáls plrl hrglr, gd`tlr y aletgegr uel i`jrgrál dg pltrnegs plrl `apr`a`r. Gstl sghh`øe leli`zl l dgtliig ins s`ku`getgs tgals. Hnes`dgrlh`negs dg d`sgün Dgc`e`gedn il pns`h`øe dg Vlrn Lhhgsledn l andn D`sgüldnr Hrgledn ue Vltrøe Kulrdledn ue Vltrøe Dgc`e`gedn ins plrìagtrns dg tgxtns prgdgtgra`eldns Dgc`e`gedn ins plrìagtrns dgi pgren prgdgtgra`eldns Lkrgkledn @estruhh`negs li pltrøe Lkrgklr njogtns l ue pltrøe Hnec`kurledn vginh`dld dgi gog Vrnjledn ue pltrøe Zgv`sledn il i`jrgrál dgi hnetrnildnr Gd`tledn ue pltrøe Jnrrledn i`jrgrál dgi hnetrnildnr Dgc`e`gedn eÿagrns sgr`ligs li pltrøe :.: HNEX@DGZLH@NEGX DG D@XGÜN X` j`ge yl gstì prgnhupldn pnr hnagezlr l hrglr pltrnegs, bly likuels hnes`dgrlh`negs hne il qug dgjgrál cla`i`lr`zlrsg letgs dg hnagezlr. Hnaprged`gedn ins hnehgptns leli`zldns ge gstl sghh`øe sgrì gxtrgaldlagetg jgeàc`hn huledn ustgd d`sgüg y gd`tg sus pltrnegs. X`e eldl aìs qug gstud`lr il Inhli`zlh`øe dg Njogtns (dgshr`tn ljlon). Wstgd dgshujr`rì qug hnaprged`gedn gstns hnehgptns blrì gi d`sgün dg ins pltrnegs y su alegon agens `et`a`dletg, aìs cìh`i y auhbn aìs aì s vgrsìt`i dg in qug ustgd p`gesl. Gi snctwlrg dgi s`stgal dg alrhldn prnvgg aÿit`pigs plrìagtrns plrl hrglr pltrnegs. Vnr hnes`ku`getg, en gs uen, snin gecnqug plrl d`sgülr hldl pltrøe. GI d`sgülr pltrnegs gs ue prnhgsn sujogt`vn. Ils pns`j`i`dldgs y vlr`lh`negs dg d`sgün sne `etgra`eljig. Ensntrns cnagetlans gi qug gxpgr`agetg hne sus d`sgüns dg pltrnegs letgs dg uslrin ge cnral. Wel vgz qug ustgd gehugetrg il cnrauil dg hnec`kurlh`negs, ustgd pugdg kulrdlr gi pltrøe dgpged`gedn dg ins rgsuitldns njtge`dns. Vnr clvnr tnal uens sgkuedns y gstud`l ils s`ku`getgs hnes`dgrlh`negs dg d`sgün? Tlalün dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn Inhli`zlh`øe dg njogtns D`ages`ne dg ins hlrlhtgrgs Xgighh`øe dg il cugetg Nrdge dg `aprgs`øe Andns dg `aprgs`øe Sginh`dld dg rgtnren dg il puetl (T`gapn dg rghupgrlh`øe dg il puetl) Hød`kns y dltns ge t`gapn rgli 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx :-< Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e :.:.< Tlalün dg il Sgetlel dg Alrhldn Gi tlalün dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn gs il alynr hnes`dgrlh`øe ge gi d`sgün dg pltrnegs. Il vgetlel dg alrhldn gs dgc`e`dl pnr ils i`a`tlh`negs dg hlrrgrl dg il puetl dg alrhlog, `zqu`grdl y dgrghbl l in ilrkn dgi gog R, ltrìs y ldgiletg pnr agd`n dgi gog P. Huliqu`gr hlapn qug gs `aprgsn dgjgrì gstlr hnapigtlagetg dgetrn dg ins jnrdgs cás`hns dg il vgetlel. X` en, gi s`stgal ga`t`rì ue ageslog dg grrnr huledn ustgd `etgetg `apr`a`rin. Gi tlalün dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn dgpgedg dgi andgin dgi hljgzli. Sgr Xupigagetn dg Npgrlh`øe dgi alrhldnr gspgh`c`hn plrl dgtliigs dgi tlalün dg il vgetlel dg. :.:.: Inhli`zlh`øe dg Njogtns Dgc`e`r dnedg gxlhtlagetg sg rgqu`grg alrhlr likuels hnsls, gs dg ils tlrgls aìs `apnrtletgs ge gi d`sgün dgi pltrøe. Gx`stge dns pr`eh`pligs hnapnegetgs qug dgtgra`ele il inhli`zlh`øe dg ins njogtns? su puetn dg lehilog y sus hnnrdgeldls . Wel vgz hnehgptuli`zldls y getged`dls, il nph`øe dg onk ge gi d`sgün blrì dgc`e`r il inhli`zlh`øe prgh`sl auy cìh`i. Hnnrdgeldls. Hnagehgans hne ils hnnrdgeldls. Hldl puetn ge il vgetlel dg alrhldn gs `dget`c`hldn pnr uel ÿe`hl hnnrdgeldl R/P. Gi nr`kge dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn (6,6) gs inhli`zldn ge il gsqu`el dgi crgetg g `zqu`grdl dg il vgetlel. Tndls ils dgaìs hnnrdgeldls sne rgilt`vls l gstg puetn, `ehrgagetledn gi vlinr l il dgrghbl snjrg gi gog R y blh`l ltrìs dg il vgetlel pnr gi gog P. Entg s` gi gog Tbgtl nph`neli gs gapigldn, gstn pndrál sgr uel hnnrdgeldl rntlt`vl (gog tbgtl). Vuetn dg Lehil. Gi puetn dg lehil gs ue puetn dg rgcgrgeh`l `alk`elr`l. Likuens njogtns s`gaprg usle gi a`san puetn dg rgcgrgeh`l hnan su lehil. (goga, ins hárhuins s`gaprg usle su hgetrn). X`e gajlrkn, ins hlapns dg tgxtn t`gege eugvg (0) pns`jigs puetns dg rgcgrgeh`l. Ins hultrn puetns dg rgcgrgeh`l njv`ns sne ils hultrn gsqu`els (`zqu`grdl/lrr`jl, dgrghbl/lrr`jl, `zqu`grdl/ljlon y dgrghbl/ljlon). Ins ntrns h`ehn en sne tle njv`ns? hgetrn/lrr`jl, hgetrn/ljlon, `zqu`grdn/agd`n, dgrghbl/agd`n y hgetrn/agd`n. Il sgighh`øe dg oust`c`hlh`øe dg plrìagtrns pgra`tg dgc`e`r huli puetn dg rgcgrgeh`l sg uslrl hnan puetn lehil. ¾Vnr quà gs tle `apnrtletg gi puetn lehil> Vnrqug gi s`stgal nr`getl ins njogtns `e il vgetlel dg alrhldn pnr agd`n dg ils hnnrdgeldls dg inhli`zlh`øe dgi puetn lehil. Hlaj`ledn ins plrìagtrns dg ils hnnrdgeldls n hlaj`ledn ins plrìagtrns dg oust`c`hlh`øe rgsuitlrl ue rgpns`h`nela`getn dg njogtns ge il vgetlel dg alrhldn. Entg tlaj`àe qug s` sg rntl gi njogtn, gi s`stgal p`vntglrl gi njogtn rgspghtn li puetn lehil. :-: Vuetn Hilvg… Gi rgsuitldn dgi puetn lehil pgra`tg qug gi njogtn hnapigtn rgs`dl dgetrn dg ins jnrdgs dg il vgetlel. Gs pns`jig sgighh`nelr ue puetn lehil y oust`c`hlh`øe qug `etgetg `apr`a`r likuens hlrlhtgrgs dgi tgxtn cugrl dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn. Gstn rgsuitlrl ge ue ageslog dg grrnr dgi s`stgal huledn ustgd `etgetg `apr`a`rin. Eghgs`tlrls rghnes`dgrlr ils hnnrdgeldls dgi puetn lehil, ils nph`negs dg oust`c`hlh`øe y d`ages`negs dgi hlrìhtgr. Loustledn i`kgrlagetg likuen dg gstns clhtnrgs dgjgrì sgr suc`h`getg plrl rg pns`h`nelr gi hlapn dgetrn dg il vgetlel. Vnr gogapin, s` ustgd dgc`eg ue tgxtn oust`c`hldn ge il plrtg supgr`nr, gi s`stgal uj`hlrl il plrtg supgr`nr dg ins hlrlhtgrgs l in ilrkn dgi gog P ge il hnnrdgeldl gspgh`c`hldl (vgr ljlon). ljl on). Hnan pugdgs vgr, gs pns`jig gspgh`c`hlr uel hnaj`elh`øe puetn lehil y oust`c`hlh`øe qug `etgetg `apr`a`r plrtg dg ins hlrlhtgrgs cugrl dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn (vgr oust`c`hlh`øe jlol). Gstn rgsuitlrì ge ue ageslog dg grrnr dgi s`stgal. Eghgs`tlrìs rghnes`dgrlr ils hnnrdgeldls dgi lehil, ils nph`negs dg oust`c`hlh`øe y ils d`ages`negs dg ins hlrlhtgrgs plrl gv`tlr gstns grrnrgs. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e Onk dg d`sgün gi onk dg d`sgün pgra`tg `etgrlhtulr pns`h`negs pns`h`neg s dgi gqu`pn qug gi gqu`pn `dget`c`hl hnan uel inhli`zlh`øe gspghác`hl dgetrn dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn. Gi s`stgal augstrl uel pletliil plrl dgc`e`r uel inhli`zlh`øe, Wstgd pugdg uslr gi onk dg d`sgün plrl anvgr il puetl dg `aplhtn prgh`slagetg li puetn d`sgüldn y hlpturlr sus hnnrdgeldls. Vnr gogapin d`klans qug Wstgd dgsgl alrhlr ue tgxtn ge uel pilhl agtìi`h agtìi`hl. l. Ld`h`neliagetg, d`klans qug eghgs`tl alrhlr ge uel gsqu`el gi tgxtn (goga, `zqu`grdl/jlon) ge uel inhli`zlh`øe gspghác`hl dg il pilhl. Vuetn hilvg… Il alqu`el dgjgrì gstlr ge iáegl plrl lht`vlr gi onk. Lsgkurlrsg qug gstg ge iáegl letgs dg lkrgklr n gd`tlr ue hlapn. Wstgd t`geg yl `dget`c`hldns trgs gigagetns hilvgs? Gi t`pn dg njogtn qug sg sg dgsgl hrglr (TGRTN) Gi tgxtn qug sg dgsgl `apr`a`r (goga,LJH) Gi puetn lehil qug sg dgsgg uslr uslr plrl gi tgxtn (@_\W@GZDL/JLON) . TGRT Tgxt? R? ] P? ] ? ] <? TGRT ]LJH 6.<666Q`e 3.6666Q`e 6.6666 Q¶ Anvgr gi puetgrn li plrìagtrn R (n P) Ge gi tghildn, prgs`nelr il tghil ONK Gi s`stgal anstrlrì il pletliil onk. Il iáegl supgr`nr augstrl tndns ins gogs blj`i`tldns. Ins "| |" `ed`hle huligs hnnrdgeldls dgi gog sne lhtuliagetg anstrldls. Vrgs`nelr VLK@EL X@KW@GETG n LTZÌX plrl anstrlr ils ntrls hnnrdgeldls dg ins gogs, s` lpi`hl. Entl? Ins plrìagtrns dg ins jrlzns Licl y Jgtl sne usldns plrl prnjlr gi anv`a`getn ge TAV3<66 y TAV3<66G. Sgr hlpátuin 8 plrl dgtliigs. WXGZ Q C< LHHGVT TGRT . TNNI R Oust? 9 Igct 5 P Oust? 9Jnttna5 Lekig? ] 6.666Q¶ Lbnrl snin eghgs`tl dgh`rig li s`stgal døedg hninhlr il gsqu`el (gi puetn lehil) dgi tgxtn. CNET <? TGRT CNET TNNI WXGZ Tgxt? ]LJH R? ] 6.<666Q`e R Oust? 9 Igct 5 Q P? ] 3.6666Q`e ? ] 6.6666 Q¶ P Oust? 9Jnttna5 Lekig? ] 6.666Q¶ C< LHHGVT ONK? R/P _ TBGTL Zgsniut`ne? 9HNLZXG 55 Drnp V`e? R? ] <.6666Q`e P? ] 6.:766Q`e Lra? Lipbl Jgtl C; H[ C2 HH[ Wsg il cighbgs @_\W@GZDL, DGZGHBL, LZZ@JL P C< LHHGVT C: KNTN LJLON plrl anvgr gi alrhldnr. Vns`h`nelr il puetl dg `aplhtn snjrg gi puetn qug sg dgsgl dg sgl hnan puetn lehil. Eøtgsg hnan ins anv`a`getns dgi gqu`pn, ils hnnrdgeldls dg ins gogs sne lhtuli`zldls ge pletliil. ]snin plrl alrhldnrls giàhtr`hls y TAV3<66 eguaìt`hnQ Nph`neliagetg, prgs`nel TLJ plrl sgighh`nelr gi huldrn dg dgshgesn dgi V`e. Vrgs`nelr GETGZ plrl gxtgedgr gi V`e y vgr`c`hlr su inhli`zlh`øe snjrg il supgrc`h`g l alrhlr. Vrgs`nelr GETGZ (eugvlagetg) plrl rgtrlgr gi V`e. Huledn gi gqu`pn gstg pns`h`neldn ge gi puetn p uetn lehil, prgs`nelr C< ( LHHGVT). Gi s`stgal rgkrgslrì l il pletliil dg gd`h`øe g `esgrtlrì ils hnnrdgeldls lhtuligs dg il inhli`zlh`øe dgi alrhldnr ge gi gog lprnp`ldn plrl gi njogtn. ¡Gstn gs! ¡en agd`r, en hlihuilr! Xnin d`ig li s`stgal qug alrhlr, hnan lehilrin, y auàstrlig TGRT Tgxt? R? ] P? ] ? ] døedg… y gi njogtn gs prgh`slagetg dgc`e`dn ge il vgetlel dgi alrhldn. <? TGRT ]LJH <.6666Q`e 6.:766Q`e 6.6666 Q¶ CNET TNNI WXGZ Q R Oust? 9 Igct 5 P Oust? 9Jnttna5 Lekig? ] 6.666Q¶ C< LHHGVT Vuetn hilvg… Gi rgsuitldn dg il inhli`zlh`øe pgra`tg qug qu g gi njogtn hnapigtn rgs`dl dgetrn dg ins jnrdgs dg il vgetlel dg alrhldn. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx :-8 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e :.:.8 D`ages`negs D`ages`negs dg ins hlrlhtgrgs Trgs plrìagtrns qug hnetrnile gi tlalün y cnral dg su tgxtn sne liturl, lehbn y plsn. .. Liturl. Il liturl gs agd`dl dg il plrtg supgr`nr dgi hlrlhtgr hlrlhtgr l il plrtg jlol. Lehbn. Gi lehbn gs agd`dn dgi ildn `zqu`grdn dgi hlrlhtgr blstl ildn dgrghbn. agenssgr qug:/8 sg (33%) tgekl dg ue il lehbn plrl gi tgxtn, gi lehbnLdgjgrál liturlgspghác`hn dgi hlrlhtgr. Vlsn. Gi plsn sg dgc`eg hnan il d`stleh`l dgi `e`h`n dg ue hlrìhtgr li `e`h`n dgi s`ku`getg. Xg `ehiuyg gi lehbn dgi hlrlhtgr y gi gsplh`n getrg hlrlhtgrgs. L agens qug sg tgekl ue gsplh`n rgqugr`dn getrg hlrlhtgrgs, gi plsn dgjgrì sgr `kuli l il liturl dgi hlrlhtgr. :.:.4 Xgighh`øe dg cugetg Gi s`stgal prnvgg vlr`ls cugetgs plrl `apr`a`r tgxtns. Il cugetg dgi hlrìhtgr dgtgra`el il lplr`geh`l dgi tgxtn ge il `aprgs`øe. Hldl cugetg prnvgg uel sgr`g dg hlrlhtgrgs gspghác`hns. Il cugetg dgtgra`el il cnral y hnapns`h`øe dg hldl hlrìhtgr. Ils cugetgs gstìedlr dg Tgigs`s sne `iustrldls ge gi lpàed`hg L dg gstg aleuli. Ils cugetgs gspgh`ligs (Wsgr) pugdge sgr d`sgüldls usledn gi snctwlrg snctw lrg dg inkn/ Cnet Kgegrltnr Wt`i`ty dg Tgigs`s. Wel vgz hrgldn, il cugetg pugdg sgr dgshlrkldl li hnetrnildnr y usldl ge ins pltrnegs. Vlrl lpi`hlr uel cugetg gspgh`li l ue tgxtn, sgighh`nelr WXGZ dg il i`stl dg cugetgs d`spne`jigs. Entg qug snin uel cuget cugetgg gspgh`li pugdg sgr kulrdldl ge gi hnetrnildnr. Entg tlaj`àe qug huledn gi hnetrnildnr TAH4;6 gs hneghtldn l uel VH hnrr`gedn gi Agriáe @@@, il cugetg gspgh`li gs lutnaìt`hlagetg dgshlrkldl li hnetrni tle prnetn hnan gi A Agriáe griáe lpi`qug il cugetg l uen dg sus hlapns dg tgxtn. Likuens clhtnrgs qug Wstgd eghgs`tl hnes`dgrlr li sgighh`nelr uel cugetg sne gi tlalün dgi hlrlhtgr y likÿe rgqugr`a`getn gspgh`li qug Wstgd dgjl tgegr plrl pl rl il vginh`dld dg `aprgs`øe n gi rghnenh`a`getn dg hlrlhtgrgs. Tlalün. Li sgighh`nelr uel cugetg hnes`dgrl in s`ku`getg? hlrlhtgrgs auy pgqugüns t`gege agonr lplr`geh`l hne uel cugetg qug hnetgekl pnhns p`xgigs (goga, 7x;). Hlrlhtgrgs auy krledgs iuh`rìe ago agonr nr hne cugetgs hne litl dges`dld dg p`xgigs (goga, <<x<3). Ins hlrlhtgrgs hne litl dges`dld tlaj`àe pgra`tge cnrals aìs dgi`hldls. Sginh`dld. Gi rgqugr`a`getn dg vginh`dld gs tlaj`àe uel hnes`dgrlh`øe li sgighh`nelr uel cugetg. H`grtls cugetgs rgqu`grge ue alynr t`gapn dg alrhlog. Gi tlalün dgi hlrìhtgr lcghtl il vginh`dld dg alrhlog. Ins hlrlhtgrgs aìs pgqugüns sne `aprgsns rìp`dlagetg= hlrlhtgrgs krledgs, hlrlhtgrgs hne litl dges`dld, pugdge rgqugr`r alynr t`gapn dg alrhldn. Ins t`gapns dg alrhldn gspghác`hns pugdge sgr vgr`c`hldns pnr ue rgprgsgetletg Tgigs`s. T Tÿ ÿ pugdgs alrhlr gogapins hne d`cgrgetgs cugetgs letgs dg dgh`d`r il cugetg plrl su eghgs`dld plrt`huilr. Zghnenh`a`getn dg hlrlhtgr. Il cugetg NHZ gs gspgh`liagetg d`sgüldl plrl uslrsg hne gi ightnr øpt`hn dg hlrlhtgrgs VX-NHZ® . Dg alegrl qug, plrl qug ins hlrlhtgrgs sgle rghnenh`dns pnr gi ightnr, dgjg bljgr uel rgilh`øe gspgh`li getrg il liturl, lehbn y plsn dg ins hlrlhtgrgs. X`kl gstl kuál plrl hnec`kurlr ils d`ages`negs dgi tgxtn NHZ? <. Dgh`dg gi lehbn dgi hlrlhtgr hlrlhtgr qug sg dgsgl `apr`a`r. Il liturl sgrì usldl hnan jlsg plrl gstljighgr gi lehbn y gi plsn. :. Hninhl gi lehbn `kuli l ± liturl. 8. Hninhl gi plsn `kuli l il liturl. Gstns plrìagtrns prnvggrìe ue jinhm dg hlrlhtgr huldrldn (litn R plsn) hne gi lhtuli hlrlhtgr nhupledn il pr`agrl pr`ag rl a`tld dgi jinhm dgi hlrlhtgr. Gstl rgilh`øe prnvggrì ue hlrlhtgr hne ue rlt`n liturl/lehbn qug pgra`tg li ightnr rghnenhgr gi hlrlhtgr y gi gsplh`n suc`h`getg getrg hlrlhtgrgs prnvgg uel ighturl hnec`ljig. Vnr gogapin, s` su hlrlhtgr eghgs`tl sgr dg 6.:6 `e (6.7aa) dg liturl? Hninhl gi lehbn l 6.<6 `e ( 6.:7aa) Hninhlr gi plsn l 6.:6 `e. (6.7 aa) :8 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx :4 Npgrr lh` ne dgi H net Npg netrnil rnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 plrl plrl ue s nin nin V ` e :.:.7 Nrdge dg il `aprgs`øe Gi gqu`pn `apr`ag ins hlapns dg ue pltrøe ge gi nrdge qug sne gei`stldns. Gstg nrdge gs anstrldn ge il Vletliil Vr`eh`pli. Gi gqu`pn `apr`a`rì (n prnhgslrì) gi pr`agr hlapn ge su tntli`dld letgs dg prnhgslr huliqu`gr hlapn sujsghugetg. Enraliagetg gstn en gs ue prnjigal huledn hrgls ue pltrøe. X`e gajlrkn, pugdg sgr jgeàc`hn prnhgslr ins hlapns ge uel sghugeh`l plrt`huilr plrl gc`h`getlr dg gi h`hin dg alrhldn. N, pugdg sgr eghgslr`n lsgkurlrsg qug h`grtns hlapns sgle prnhgsldns letgs qug ntrns. X` il sghugeh`l gs `apnrtletg sg pugdg gd`tlr gi pltrøe y rgls`kelr gi nrdge dg ins hlapns. Sgr Gd`tlr Vltrnegs (anvgr hlapns) plrl dgtliigs. C<?C@IG C:?GD@T C8?ALHB@EG C4?ALZMGZ C7?XGTWV NVGZ ‘Nei`eg ‘ Vlttgre?XLAVIG^6 : ?66: *66<?]TGRT? Wsgr Tgxt? <:847 66:?]TGRT? C`xgd Tgxt? LJHDG 668?]KNTN 664?]VLWXG 667?]LZH Q Q Q Q Q :.:.3 Andns dg `aprgs`øe Gi snctwlrg prnvgg vlr`ns andns plrl alrhlr ins hlapns hlapn s dg ins pltrnegs. Dgsdg qug gi plrìagtrn dg andn gs dgc`e`dn dg c`e`dn hne gi hlapn, Wstgd pugdg gspgh`c`hlr ge gi andn dg `aprgs`øe hlapn pnr hlapn. Gi s`stgal ncrghg ue hnetrni ld`h`neli snjrg hnan gi alrhldnr `apr`ag huledn gi gog Tbgtl gs blj`i`tldn. Sgr prnp`gdldgs hnec`kurlh`øe hnec`k urlh`øe dg pltrnegs (plrìagtrns gog go g Tbgtl) plrl dgtliigs. Vuetns. Gi andn dg altr`z dg puetns alrhl ins hlrlhtgrgs hl rlhtgrgs hne tletns puetns dg lhugrdn l il cugetg sgighh`neldl. Hnet`eun. Gi andn hnet`eun pgra`tg gspgh`c`hlr il dges`dld dg `aprgs`øe alrhledn hnapigtlagetg cnraldns ins hlrlhtgrgs qug prnduhg uel lplr`geh`l dg krljldn. Wsledn gi andn hnet`eun pndrál `ehrgagetlrsg i`kgrlagetg gi dgsklstg dgi V`e y s`ke`c`hlt`vlagetg `ehrgagetlrsg gi t`gapn dg h`hin dg alrhldn. :.:.; T`gapn dg rgtnren dgi V`e Gi t`gapn dg rgtnren dgi p`e (n t`gapn dg rghupgrlh`øe dgi p`e) gs gi hnrtn pgr`ndn qug tnal gi V`e dg ue `aplhtn li s`ku`getg. X` j`ge gstg t`gapn gs `apgrhgpt`jig, pugdg lcghtlr il hli`dld dg il alrhl. Il rghupgrlh`øe dgigiV`e il supgrc`h`g dg alrhlog il hne`h`dld gi dgit`gapn V`e. Xupgrc`h`gs sulvgspugdg (goga,sgr piìst`hn) pugdg hluslr qug V`egs sglcghtldl lrrlstrg pnr n klehbg ge gi altgr`li. Vnr yhnes`ku`getg, dg rghupgrlh`øe alynr qug alrhledn ge uel supgrc`h`g durl. Hne ìekuins dg hne`h`dld alynrgs (goga, 36¶) prnduhg alrhls prncuedls. Eugvlagetg, gi t`gapn dg rghupgrlh`øe pndrál sgr aìs krledg qug usledn ue V`e hne ue ìekuin dg hne`h`dld aìs pgqugün (goga. 86¶). Gi snctwlrg dg s`stgal dg alrhlog pgra`tg hnapgeslr gi t`gapn dg rghupgrlh`øe dgi VV`e, `e, jlsldn ge sus eghgs`dldgs dg alrhlog plrt`huilr. Sgr prnp`gdldgs dg i alrhldnr (hlpátuin 8) plrl dgtliigs. 84;66` Gsplüni.dnhx Npgrlh` Npg rlh`ne ne dgi H netrnil netrnildnr dnr TAH 4;6 pl plrl rl ue s nin nin V `e :.:.2 Hød`kns y dltns ge t`gapn rgli Gi snctwlrg pgra`tg `ehiu`r jledgrls dg ageslogs gspgh`ligs ge gi tgxtn `esgrtledn hød`kns y dltns ge t`gapn rgli li `apr`a`r pltrnegs. Gi s`stgal ncrghg uel lapi`l vlr`gdld dg ageslogs l `esgrtlr tletn hnsls hnan bnrlr`ns, cghbls y eÿagrns sgr`ligs. H`grtls jledgrls pgra`tge li npgrldnr prnpnrh`nelr dltns durletg gi h`hin dg `aprgs`øe= ntrns pgra`tge hnd`c`hlr gi lün, ags n turen dg trljlon ge gi tgxtn `aprgsn. Ils jledgrls dg ageslog hnes`stge ge gi sáajnin dgi pnrh`getn (%) sgku`dn pnr il jledgrl dgi hlrlhtgr. Il jledgrl dgi hlrlhtgr gs sges`jig l ut`i`zlr alyÿshuils n a`eÿshuils lprnp`ldlagetg. Il jledgrl dgi eÿagrn sgr`li ( % # X) y il jledgrl dgi tgxtn vlr`ljig ( %#S) pgra`tge gspgh`c`hlr ue vlinr getgrn (goga, %7 % 7X). Gi getgrn `ed`hl gi aìx`an eÿagrn dg hlrlhtgrgs qug pugdg nhuplr gi dltn. Il jledgrl dg tgxtns dg hnesuitl tlaj`àe usl ue getgrn (<,:,…:6) plrl `dget`c`hlr il inhli`dld dg aganr`l. Il hlplh`dld aìx`al dg uel hldgel dg hlrlhtgrgs, qug `ehiuyl jledgrls, gs i`a`tldl l <36 hlrlhtgrgs .Lsgkurlrsg dg hnetlj`i`zlr il inek`tud dg il hldgel dg hlrlhtgrgs yl qug gi s`stgal `esgrtl gi dltn ge gi hlapn. En niv`dg `ehiu`r ins gsplh`ns letgs n dgspuàs dg il jledgrl dg ageslog s` tÿ dgsgls sgplrlr `ecnralh`øe `esgrtldl li tgxtn ldylhgetg. Jledgrl %L %l %J %H %D %d %G %C %K %B %b %@ %O %M %I %A %E %e %#N %#n %V %p %#\ @ecnralh`øe `esgrtldl D`ls dg il sgalel sgalel?? Ane, Tug, [gd, Tbu, Cr`, Xlt, Xue Hlrlhtgr Nae` Lipbl Lipbl?? L, J, H,… H ,… _ .................................................. Sgr prnp`gdldgs dg eÿagrn nae` Xgr`li (Hlpátuin 8) Ags? Ole, Cgj, Alr, Lpr, Aly, Oue, Oui, Luk, Xgp, Nht, Env, Dgh Ags? Cghbl y bnrl bnrl?? cnraltn AA/DD/PP BB?AA Dál dgi ags ags?? 6<, 6:, 68, … 8< Dál hnd`c`hldn pnr gi usulr`n ...................................................................Sgr prnp`gdldgs dg hød`kn dg dltns (Hlpátuin 8) Hød`kn dgi lün ...........................................................................................Sgr prnp`gdldgs dg hød`kn dg dltns (Hlpátuin 8) D`k`tn dg Zgv`s`øe, Hlrlhtgr sgeh`iin ....................................................................... .............................................................................. ....... vgr Zgv`s`øe dg Grrnr (Hlpátuin :) D`k`tn dg Zgv`s`øe Zgv`s`øe,, Hlrlhtgr dnjig ........................................................................... .................................................................................. .......vgr Zgv`s`øe dg Grrnr (Hlpátuin :) Bnrl? 66, 6<, 6:, … :8 Bnrl? Hød`kn dg bnrl dgc`e`dn pnr gi usulr`n ...................................................Sgr ...................................................Sgr Vrnp`gdldgs dg hød`kn dg dltns(Hlpátuin8) Bnrl? 66, 6<, 6:, … <: Dál Oui`len Oui`len?? 66<, 66:, 668, … 83 833 3 Hød`kn dgi ags ags?? 6, <, :, 8, 4, 7, 3, ;, 2, 2, 0, N, E, D Wit`an dák`tn dgi lün lhtuli lhtuli?? 6, <, :, … 0 Ags? 6<, 6:, 68, … <: Ags? A`eutn dg il bnrl lhtuli lhtuli?? 66, 6<, 6:, 6:, … 70 Xgkuedn dgi a`eutg lhtuli lhtuli?? 66, 6<, 6<, 6:, … 70 Eÿagrn nae` sgr`li (nph`neliagetg h napgesldn hne hgrns) .........Sgr prnp`gdldgs dg Eÿagrn Nae` Xgr`li (Hlpátuin 8) Eÿagrn Nae` Xgr`li (nph`neliagetg hnapgesldn hne gsplh`ns) ...Sgr prnp`gdldgs dg Eÿagrn Nae` Xgr`li(Hlpátuin 8) Xuc`on dg bnrl bnrl?? LA n VA Enajrg dgi Vltrøe Tgxtn dg hnesuitl hnesuitl?? @esgrtl @es grtl gi tgxtn dg il inhli`dld gspgh`c`hldl gspgh`c`h ldl (#) ... Sgr Hnec`kurlh`øe dg tgxtns dg hnesuitl (Hlpátuin 8) %#q %Z %r %#X %#s %T %W %#S %#v %[ %w %R %P %_ %% %#1 %#F Tátuins dg Hnesuitl Hnesuitl?? @esgrtl gi tátuin dg il inhli`dld gspgh`c`hldl (#)Sgr Hnec`kurlh`øe dg Tgxtns dg hnesuitl(Hlpátuin 8) Eÿagrn dg sgalel sgalel?? 6<, 6: 6:,, 68, … 78 dnedg il sgalel 6< `ehiuyg gegrn < Eÿagrn dg sgalel sgalel?? 6<, 6:, 68, … 78 dnedg il sgalel6< `ehiuyg gi pr`agr ougvgs dgi lün Eÿagrn sgr`li pnr Vltrøe (hnapgesldn (hnapgesldn hne hgrns)………..Sgr hgrns)………..Sgr prnp`gdldgs dg hnec`kurlh`øe dg pltrnegs (Hlp`tuin :) Eÿagrn sgr`li pnr Vltrøe Vltrøe(hnapgesldn (hnapgesldn hne gsplh`ns) .......... Sgr prnp`gdldgs dg hnec`kurlh`øe dg pltrnegs (Hlpátuin :) Bnrl? cnraltn BB?AA Bnrl? Hød`kn dgi ags dgc`e`dn pnr gi usulr`n ...............................................Sgr Vrnp`gdldgs dg hød`kns dg dltns (Hlpátuin 8) Tgxtn Slr`ljig (hnapgesldn pnr gsplh`ns)........................................................................... Sgr Tgxtn vlr`ljig (Hlpátuin :) Tgxtn Slr`ljig (s`e hnapgeslh`øe) ........................................................................................Sgr Tgxtn Slr`ljig (Hlpátuin :) Dál dg il sgalel? <, :, 8, … ;dnedg ; dnedg gi dna`ekn gs gi pr`agr dál dg il sgalel Dál dg il sgalel sgalel?? <, :, 8, … ; dnedg gi iuegs gs gi pr`agr dál dg il sgalel Cghbl? cnraltn AA/DD/PP ßit`ans dns dák`tns dgi lün lhtuli 66, 6<, 6:, … 00 Hød`kn dg turen ...........................................................................................Sgr ...........................................................................................Sgr prnp`gdldgs dg h ød`kn dg tturen uren (Hlpátuin8) Xáajnin dg pnrh`getn pnrh`getn?? gstl jledgrl gspgh`li gs usldl plrl `apr`a`r gi sáajnin dg pnrh`getn (%). Dltn dg Hlapn Hlapn?? @esgrtl gi dltn lhtuli dgi hlapn gspgh`c`hldn (#) ge il inhli`zlh`øe qug hnet`geg gstl jledgrl. Hlrlhtgr LXH@@ LXH@@?? `apr`ag gi hlrlhtgr gspgh`c`hldn (#), goga. LXH@@ 371L= Táp`hlagetg plrl cugetgs gspgh`ligs. :7