串串响:
Akalank's
INDIAN BOILER
REGULATIONS
containing
INDIAN BOILERS REGULATIONS, 1950
and
INDIAN BOILERS ACT, 1923
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NARENDARKU沁iAI主 JAIN
AKALANKKU沁iARJAIN
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akalank
publicat量。ns
Published by :
Akalank Kumar Jain
f0 1' Akalank Publications
P.O. Box No. 1029,
Mori Gate, Oelhì -110006.
Email: húo@akalank.∞m; akalank@vsnl. com
vÎSit: 性中 \\www.akalank.com
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ISBN 三 81~'16j9-198-0
村二〈
Price: Rs. 850.00 (I n India)
US$ 99.00 (Outside lndia)
,IL'
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1st Edl飞
2nd Edn.
3rd Edn.
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1991
May, 1994
4位 Edn.
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**t...* ..且'
。02003083100
A word from Pub1ishers
Patrons of our Pu~lications have encouraged us to bring out the present revised
7th edition of Indiar飞 BoilerRegulations. Our 1st single volume edition 币 th Edition,
1998) was much
appreci号ted
by our readers.
丁his
edition of book is revised by á11
Gazette Notifications issued by Central Boilers Board, New Delhi published in
,
Gazetteof India ti1l 31st August, 2003. All 0叽 efforts have been made to make the
飞、
b'opk uptodate ar飞d fool proof in all respects. All the Diagrams, Drawings and
Graphs have been incorporated after the relevant chapter(时， regul挝ion(吟， para(s)
or Appendix for !the purpose of quick reference ~df our valued read~rs. However,
suggestions pertaining to improvement of the book are always welcome and shall
be duly considered.
We trust that the book wiU be of immense practical utility to all Boiler users,
mant白C轧uers，
engineers ançl all thoseconcerned with the subject matte汇
/ro serve the people is our 0七jective. We have already published the book on
De日让 Municipal
Corporation Act, CPWD Specifications 2002 in 6 volumes , New
Delhi Municipal Council Act, Drugs and Cosmetics Act & Rules , Mandal
Comm臼SionReportpIntdieduaipropertyLawsp Enviomment&PoilutionContyoi
Laws, Insurance Laws, Water Supply & Treatment, Ci vil Accounts Manual, nearly
180 Central Statutes, etc. If our patrons have any suggestion or any compilation
,
worth P4blishing, we shall feel it our pleasure to discuss it with them for its
publicatid.n.
Oct. 2003.
τhe
Publishers
,
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INDIAN BOILER REGULATIONS
CONTENTS
INDIAN BOILER REGULA TIONS, 1950
1平汉ELIMINARY
1. Short Tit1e，主xtent， Application ()11d
Commencement
1
1
2. Definitions
CHAPTER 1
GENERALRE安UIRE如1:ENTS， APPLICATION OF
STANDARD CON :ð ITIONS ANDEXCEPTIONS
THERET。
3. General requiremer飞怒I application of
standard conditions ()11d exception thereto
3A. Inspection of Boiler to comply into any
Foreign Code
(我) Material
(b) Construction
(c) Certificates etc. under Sec. 14(1)(c) of
the Act
Pl支OCEDURE FOR RECOGNITION OF
COMPETENT AUTHORITY, INSPECTING
AUTHORITY, WELL-KNOWN M.ATERIAL
内
44
4.
3
州3
sτANDARDRE岳飞IIRE沁1:ENTS
2
3
τESTING LABORATORY，毛电iELL-KNO号句rN
A哇
叶J 吁''叮J
STEEL MAKER, WELL-KNOWN FOUNDRYI
FORGE, WELL-KNOWN TUBE/PIPE MAKER
AND WELL-KNOWN REMANENT LIFE
ASSESSMENT ORGANISAτION
4A. Application for Recognition
￡
4B. Scrutiny of Applications by 白e Evaluation
Committee
7
4C. Recognition of a Firm as Competent
Authorìty, Inspecting Authorities etc.
DEF
Validity of Certificate of Recognition
Renewal of Certificate of Recognition
Application for Registration of Existing
Competent Authority etc.
是G. Appeal
4H. Function of Evaluation Committee
5. Modification of Formulae
5A. Material not fully identified
6. Standard specifications for mater始Is
7. Registration of second幡hand boilers not in
accorda仅仅 with the standard conditions
9
9
8. Weiding
性
A"EA
U最
OO
咛'''
且URUQJ
CHAPτER
11
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION STEEL
PLATES, RIVEτS， SECTION AND BARS IN
CARBON STEEL
9. Process of manufacture
9
10.
11.
12.
13.
13A.
13B.
Chemical analysis
Freedom from defects, etc.
Rolling margin
Testing and inspecting
9
\10
10
10
10
Testing and certification of semi-skilled
steel for which all tests not carried out
in a steel plant
10
14. Selection of test pieces
11
15. Tensile test piecesι11
16 昏 Tensile test
.11
17. Number of tensile tests
11
18. Dump test
、
12
19. Bend tests… Cold bends
12
20. Number of bend tests
12
12
21. Manufactured rivets
22. Additional test before rejection
12
23. Branding
12
24. Defacing of rejected material
12
25. Fadlities for Inspection
13
26. Steel not produced where rolled
13
27. Maker's certificáte
矿 13
毛馆1至OUGHT IRON STAY AND RIV主TBARS
28. 去ivet bars
13
29. Manufactured rivet tests
13
30. Stay bars
13
31. Stay ba主子bend}ests
13
32. Spedal iron for scrεw stays for fire-boxes
and combustion chambers
13
COPPER PLATES, STAY ANDRIVET BARS
13
33. Plates
14
34. Stay and Rivet Bars
COPPER, BRASS Al'! D STEEL TUB主S
35噩 (1) Copper tubes
14
35. (2) Brass Tubes
15
35. (3) Carbon Steel Tubes
16
COLD DRAWN SEAMLESS CARBON ST辈革L
BOILER, SUPERHEAτERANDHEAT
主XCHANGER TUBES FOR DESIGN MET AL
TE如1:PERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 454 C(850 的
36. (a) General
16
(b) Material
16
位) Heat Treatment
16
位) Workmanship and Toler ()11ce
16
37. (a) Test Spec泣\ens
17
(b) Number of tests
17
17
38. Tensile and Hardness tests
39. Flattening test
18
40. Expanding or Flaring test
18
…
0
0
，，雹毡'
0 -1AH
lndian Boiler Regulations
41 0' Additional test before. rejection
18
42. Hydraulic Test
18
SEAML主SS CARBON STEEL PIPES FOl主 HIGH
TEMPERATURE SERVICE FOR DESIGN METAL
TEMPERATURES NOT 军XCEEDING 454"C (850"到
43. (a) General
. 18
~M~~
W
(b) Heat treatment
19
(c) Workmanship and Tolerances
19
(d) Test Specimens
19
(e) Number of tests
19
44. (a) Tens i1e test
19
(b) Bend test
20
(c) Flatening test
20
45. . Additional tests before rejection 、
20
46. Hydraulic 您就
20
SEAMLESS FERR1TIC AND AUST翠NITICALLOY
STEEL BOILER, SUPERHEATER AND HEAT
EXCHANG军R TUBES
47. General
48. (a) Material
21
(b) Heat treatment
21
(c) Workmanship and toler姐ce
21
(d) Test spec凶ens
23
{的 Number oftεsts
49. (a) Tensile and hardness 怡磁
(b) Flattening test
ω Expanding or f1aring t邸t
50. Additional tests before rejection
51. Hydraulic test
SEAMLESS F览RRITIC PIPES FOR HIGH
TEMPERATURE SERVICE
52. General
53. 但) Material
在) Heat Treatment
(c) Workmanship and toleranée
〈刽 T!i!s~.事pecimen
(e)
叩牛
N回到ber
of tests
54. 但) Tensile Test
(b) Bend test
(c) Fla役ening test
55. Additiorial tests before rejection
56. Hydraulic test
56A. Seam1ess Chiomium-MolybdenUIri Steel
Boilerand Superheater Tubes for design
metaltempera饥ltes not exceedíng
5770 C (1070 的
0
23
23
23
23
23
23
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
29
EL嚣CTRIC-絮絮SISTANCE-WELDED ST嚣EL
BOILE泯 AND
SUPERHEATER TUBES FOR
DESIGN METAL TEMPE翠ATURES 到OT
EXCEEDING 公54 (850 0 F)
57. General
30
58. (a) Material process
30
0
(b) Manufacture
(c) Chemical ∞mpos汹on
30
30
30
31
(d) Thickness
{啡 Diam的时
(f)
Leng出
31
59. 但)
Flattening test
Fla巾19 test
60. Tensile Strength
61. Hydraulic test
运2. Test specimen军一
63. Number of tests
COLD DRAWN-RESISTANCE-WELDED
STEEL BOILEl主 AND SUPEl主-HEATER
TUB军S FOR DESIGN METAL
TEMPERATURE NOT EXCEEDING
454"C (850 0 F)
63A.
STEEL CASTING
73. Scòpe
74. Proce部 of manufacture
31
31
31
31
32
32
(b)
~...75:Fieedö丽f部副豆豆d 出iCfffìë前ìon~õlt岳Ie证s
76.
77.
78.
79.
32
32
32
.~33
Number of test provision of test samples
Tensile test
Bend tests
(a) Additional tests before rejection
(b) Har由1部s test after heat treatment
(c) Non-des位uctive tests
80. Procedure for wèlding'
FORG军D OR ROLLED PRESSUR班 PARTS
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
OTl变革RTHANSEAML盖SS Dl支UMSOR
CARBON STEEL
81. (a) Proeess of manufacture
35
(b) Chemical Ana协is
35
(c) Freedom from and rectification of defects 35
82. Selection of test pieces
35
83. Tensile strength
35
84. Bend tests
35
85. Additional tests bèfore rejectioh
一. 36
GENERAL GREY IRON CASTINGS (GRADE A)
船，但) Process of m拟\ufacture
36
(b) Chemical composition
36
亿) Moulding
36
87: Provision of test bars
36
88.0恼.ension of test bars
36
89. Mechanical test
36
90. Tr部\Sverse test
37
91. Tensi1e test
37
92. Number of transverse and tensile tests
37
93. Additional tests
38
COVERED ELEC1宜。DES FOR METAL ARC
WELDING OR MILD STEEL
94. Central requ泣ements
38
95. Requirements for normal penetration
electrodes
39
lndian Boiler Regulations
96. Requirements for deep penetration
39
butt-welding, electrodes initial test
97. Requirements for deep penetration
fillet-welding electrodes Î!飞itial test
39
98. Periodic check test
40
APPENDIX H-1
(See Regulation 95)
(1) PareI飞t metal for test plates
40
(2) All-weld metal test
40
41
(3) Impact test spec出en
41
(4) Hot cracking test
(5) Transverse tensile anà bend tests
41
(6) Transverse tensile test
42
(7) Transverse bend test
42
(8) Crudform fi11et weld tensile test
42
APPENDIX H-2
(See 1之.egulation 96)
Butt刑eld 沁sts- Deep penetration electrodes 45
(1) Transverse tensile test
45
45
(2) Transverse bend test
(3) Cruciform fi1let weld test
45
FILLER RODS FOR GAS \电lELDING OF STEEL
98 A.
48
CHAPTER 111
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKMANSHIP
GENERAL
99. Preparation of plates
49
100. Normalìsing of certain Steel Plat部
49
101. Minimum Thickness of Plates
49
SHELLS, ANGLE RINGS, BUTT STRAPS ，主T C.
102. Cylindrical Shells
49
103. Position of Longitudinal Seams
49
104. Circumferential and End Seams
49
105. Angle Rin gs
49
106. Thickness of Shell Angle 去ings
49
107. Welded Shell Plates
49
108. Longitudinal Seams
49
109. Butt Straps
49
110. Thinning of Butt Straps
49
11 1. Altemative Construction
49
112. Local Welding of Butt Se ams
49
END PLAτES
113. Flat End Plates
50
114. Strengthening of Flat End Plate at M缸让l01e 50
115. End Plates in Ste臼n Spaces
50
116. Hemispherical Crowns
50
117. Dished End and Crown Plates
50
118. Tl.lbe Plates
50
119. Parts of Flat Tube Plates within the
主1
Tube Nests
120. Flanging of End Plates
51
FURNACES
121. Fumaces in Generál
51
(í x)
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127等
128.
129.
129 A.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
Fumaces of Horizontal Boilers
Fumaces of Vertical Boilers
Longitudinal Seams
Fusion welded longitudinal seams
Fumace Crown
Cross Tubes
Uptakes
Loco Type Fìreboxes
Welded Joints to Copper Fire Boxes
STAYS
Bar Stays
LongitudinalStays
Nuts and Washers for Stays
Jointed Stays
Di agonal Bar or Rod Stays
SCRE\守主D STAYS
Screwed Stays
Axial Drilling
Stay Nuts
Spacing of End Stays-Allowance for
Curves, etc.
GIRD主R STAYS
Girder Stays for Firebox and
Combustion Chamber Crowns
51
51
52
52
52
52
53
53
53
54
54
54
54
54
54
55
55
55
55
GUSSEτSTAYS
140. Gusset Stays
55
55
141. Breathing Space
56
142.GU§set A1Gngulsets
56
143. Load on Gusset Stay
56
144. Gu部et Riveting
BOILER TUBES SUBJECτTO EXTERNAL
PRESSURE
145. Steel and Wrought Iron Tubes
56
146. Fitting of Plain Tubes
56
STAYTUBES
56
147. Screw Threads of Stay Tubes
57
148. Stay Tubes
57
149. Thickened Ends of Stay Tubes
57
150. Load on Stay Tubes
BOIL军RAND SUP荒装HEAT主R TUBES SUBJECτ
TOINτ军RNAL PRESSURE
57
151. Steel Tubes
58
152. Attachment of Steel Tubes
59
153. Copper Tubes
HEADERS, MUD BOX主 SI ETC. OF WATER TUBE
BOILERS
59
154.
STAND PIPES, PADS 荒TC.
59
155. Stand Pipes and Pads
59
156. Design of Stand Pipes
60
157. Pressed Plate Saddles
60
158. Seatings for Mountings
60
159鑫 Attachment of Mountings
(x)
lndian Boüer Regulativl! s
160. Insufficient Thickness of End Plates
161. Attachment of ￥气later and Pressure Gauges
162. Mountings on Flat Places
163. Bolts 但ld Nuts
MANHOL主S， MUDHOLES, ETC.
164. Access
165. Compensating Rin gs and Frames for
Openings in Shells
166. Doors and Cross Bars
167‘ Raised Manhole Frames and Cover Plates
168. Positions of Manhole 如 Shell
169. Compensation Rings to Manholes
170. Compensation for Cutting Large Holes
in Shellτype Boilers
171. Rivets Securing Compensating Rir飞萨
and Stand Pipes
RIVETING
172A. Rivet Heads
172B. Tolerances on Shanks
-ì72C--- RiVeT百õles
…-
60
60
60
60
61
61
61
61
62
62
62
63
63
63
".一……→二十…--65
173. Riveting
65
174. Fullering and Caul挝吨
65
CHAPTER IV
REGULATIONS FOR DEτER岛日NING THE
WORKING PRESSURE TO BE ALLOWED ON
VARIOUS PARTS OF BOILERS OTHEI支 THAN
左右SION WELDED AND SEAML主SSFORGED
DRUMS
175. M椒面mm Pressure
65
SHELLS
176. Fo口nula for WorkingPressure of Shell
65
177. Mεthods of Ca1culating the Strength of
Ri veted Joints
66
178. When Pitch Exceeds Maximum-Allowed 66
179. Butt Straps and Spacing of 武ivets
Below Requirements
66
180. Percen饭ge of Welded and Strapped Seams-66
181. Percentage to be allowed for Solid
Rolled Shells
66
182. Thickness of Butt Straps
66
183. MaxÌI口um Pitchof Rivets in
Longitudinal Joints
67
67
184. Spacing of Rows of 我ivets
185. CircumfereI讼法1 and End Se ams of
pγater Tube Boi1ers
68
186. Compensation for Manholes and
Other Openings
68
187. Uncompensated Holes in W挝时
Tube Boilers
68
DISHED 主 NDPLATES
188. Complete Hexrusphere Without Stays or
Other Support Made of One or More
Plates and Subject to Internal Pressure
70
189. Dished Ends Subject to Internal Pressure
190. Dished EndsSubjects to External Pressure
19 1. Dished Ends of Lancashire and Cornish
Type Boilers
192. Dished Shell and Firebox Crowns
FLAT PLATES '
193. Fl就 plates supported by Solid Screwed
Stays, Marginal Seams or Flanges
194. FlatPlates supported by Stays and Nuts
and Large Washers or Strips or Doublings
195. Flat Tube Plates
196. Plates supported by Gusset Stays
197. Fl挝 Crown Plates of Vertical Bo i1ers
198. Circular Flat Ends of Drums, etè.
supported only at Edges
199. Bar or Bulb Stiffened End Plates and
Smokebox Tubes Plates of Locotype
Boilers
200. Plate M挝gins
……… 281.… ManholesandMudholes-in -FlaιFla.res
70
70
70
70
71
71
72
72
73
73
73
73
74
STAYS
Solid Screwed Stays
74
Stre部es in Steel Jointed Stays
74
Stay Tubes
74
Stays in Tension and Compression
74
Measurement of Stayed Areas in the End
74
plates of Locotype and Vertical Boilers
207. Gusset Stays
75
208. Bolts and Studs
75
TUBE PLAT军S
76
209. Compression ofthe Tube Plat础
76
210. Parts to be Stayed
76
21 1. Minimum Thickness and Cross唰Section
76
212. Holding Power of Plain Tubes
213. Tube Plates, Other Than Ends of Vertical
Boilers Forming Parts of Outer Shell
77
214. Curved Tube Plates of-Water-TubeBoilers 77
77
215. Effidency of Ligament
BOILER AND SUPERHEATERτUBES SUBJECT
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
TOI到TERNALPI主芜SSURE
216.
HEAD主RS
81
AND SECTION BOXES OF WATER
τUB主 BOILERS
81
217.
BOILER TUBES
(SMOK日 SUBJECττ。
EXTEI主NAL PRESSURE
81
218. Steel and Wrought Iron Tubes
81
219. Brass and Copper Tubes
FURNACES
81
220. Plain Fumaces of Horizonta1 Boi1ers
22 1. Corrugated Furnaces of Horizontal Boilers 81
222. Plain Furnaces of Vertical BoHers
81
223. Hemispherical Furnaces of Vertic a1 Boilers 82
Indian Boiler Regulations
224. Corrugated Fireboxes of Vertical Boilers 82
225. Foundations of Vertical Boilers Furnaces 82
226. Foundatíons of Loco-type Boiler Fireboχes 82
227. Cross Tubes
82
228. Uptakes of Vertical Boilers
83
SUPPORTS FOR COMBUSTION CHA孔1BERAND
FIREBOX CROWN
229. Girder Stays for Firebox Crowns
83
PATENτFIREBOX ROOFS OF LOCOτ'YPEBOIL主RS
230. Marshall Type
83
23 1. Garret Type
84
232. Fowler Type
84
CHAPTER V
FUSION 耳电IELDED AND SEAMLESS FORGED
DRUMS FOR WATER TUBE BOILERS AND
SUPERHEATERS
233. General Requirements
84
岛1ATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
234. Materìals for Fusion Welded Boiler Drums 84
S军AMLESS FORGED DRUMS
235. Manufacture
85
236. Chemical Analysis
85
237. Freedom from Defects
85
238. Heat Treatment
85
239. Mechanical Tests
85
240. Selection of Test Pieces
86
24 1. Additional Tests Before Rejection
86
242. Discard
86
243. Forging
86
τUBES， PIPES IN BOILERS，圣王军ADERSAND
STEEL CASτINGS
244. (a) Tubes
86
86
(b) Pipes
245. Headers
87
246. Steel Castings
87
FUSION WELDED DRUMS
247. Definítion of Term 'Fusíon Weld'
87
248. Equipment of Workshop
88
249. Constructional details and Preparation
for Welding
88
250. Preparation of Plates
88
25 1. Cylindrical Shells of Drums
88
252. Method of Making Welded Joints
88
253. Types of Welded Joi刀切
89
254. Number of Joints
89
255. Position of the Tube Holes
89
256. (a) Circulatory of Drums
89
(b) Tolerance
89
257. Mechanical Test and Test Plates for
Fusion Welded Seams
89
258. Selection of Test Pieces
90
259. Tensileτest Pieces
91
260毫 τensile Tests
91
(x i)
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
Bend Tests
Notched.…Bar-Impact Test
Additional Tests before Rejection
Non-Destructive Test
General
Hydraulic test at maken弓， works
INSPECTION AND 丁军 SτING
269. Inspection during Construction
REGULATION FOR 口ETER岛lINING THE
WORKING PRESSURE OF WATER TUBE
BOILERS WITH FUSION WELDED AND
SEAMLESS FORGED DRU岛1S SHELLS
270. Shell of Steam and Water:Drums
271 争 Permissible Working Stresses for Shells
of Boiler 拟飞d Integral Superheater
Drums and Headers
272. The Ligamer欢 Efficiency of Drum Shells
sha丑 Comply with 1之.eg.215.
273. Longitudinal Stress
274. Intermedîate Boiler Drum Supports
END PLATES
275. Shape of Dished 巴nd Plate
276. General
277. Dished end with opening
278. End plate subject to pressure on the
concave side
'SτANDPIPES AND .N OZZLES'
279. 协 Standpipes and Noz之les Welded to
Shell
(b) Standpipe and Nozzles Welded to
Dished End Plates
(c) Minimum Thickness of Flanges
280. Attachment of Stand Blocks and
Branch Pípes by Weld肌g
CHAPTER VI
VALVES , GA飞JGES AND AUXILIARIES
28 1. Requisite Mountings, Fi ttings and
Auxiliaries
281 A. Additional Requirements for Automatk
Boilers only
92
92
93
93
93
94
95
96
96
96
97
97
98
98
100
100
101
101
102
102
103
106
107
G 主N主 RALR苞 QUIRE 岛IENTS
282. Materials, Temperature and Pressure
Limits
METHOD OF CONS丁RUCTION
283. Castings
284. Packing of Cocks
285. Covers and Spindl部
286. Direction of Operatior飞
287. Mov泣19 Parts
288. Flanges
289. Valve Se atings
290. Chests etc. in General
108
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
(x ii)
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS SAF主TYVALVES
29 1. General
111
292. 位) Ordinary Lift Safety Valve
111
(b) High Lift Safety Valve
111
(c) Full Lift Safety Valve
111
293. Minimum Aggregate Area
111
294. Over Pressure of Safety Valves
112
295. Pressure Drop
112
296. Mountings of Safety Valves
112
297. Openings 拙 Shell
112
298. Discharge Passage
112
299. Drainage
112
300. Movirig P挝~
112
301. Bearings for Levers
113
302. Attachments of Weights and Springs
113
303. Easing Gear
113
304. Lift
113
305. High and Low Water Alarms
113
旦ι Fi巧合l 苍白白g~--_. ……一一一…二十
113
Adjustment of Safety Valve Se t Pressure 11主
Materials
113
Dimensions
114
Determmation of Working Pressure
114
Test
114
31 1.在xtension Springs
115
312. Number of Effective Coils
115
313. Spacing of Coi1s
115
314. Finishing of Ends
115
STOPVALVES
315. Lever Valves
115
主16. Steam Stop Valve
115
BLOW-DOWN COCK OR V ALVE AND PIPES
主17‘ General
115
318. Blow Down Mountings
116
319. Blow-Down Valve or Cock
116
WATER GAUGES
320.
116
321. Drains
116
322. Protectors
116
323. Glass Size
116
324. Safety Devices
116
主25. Gauge Còlumns
116
主26. Isolating Cocks
116
PRESSURE GAUGES
327. Dials
116
117
328. Connections
117
329. Gauge Cocks
330. Test Connections-Inspector's Pressure
Gauge Attachment
117
FUSIBLE PLUGS
331. General
117
117
主32. Type
路3. Material
117
306A.
307.
308.
309.
310.
11ldùm Boíler Reglllatio115
334锺
Attach红\ent
to Boiler
FEED VALVES
335. General
336. Operating Position
336A. Requirements as to Feed Apparatus
in Certain Cases
CHAPTER vn
117
117
118
118
BOIL主芷 ANDSUPERH军ATERτUBES，
HEAD辈RS
&:
OTHE1主 PARTS
TUBES
337. Material and Construction
118
338.
119
HEADERS AND SIMILAR PRESSURE PARTS
120
339. Material and Construction
340. Rectangular Headers Symmetrieal
120
in Form
34 1. Headers Irregular in For把
121
342. 但) Cylir飞drical Headers
122
。) End AttachmEmts
122
CHAPTER VIn
STEAM♂IPES AND FITTINGS
343.
122
MATERIAL
123
344. Steel Pipes
123
345. Condition of Pipes
MECHANICAL TESτ
12主
346. Number of sets of Tests
347. {的 Flattening Test [for Pipes upta岳飞d
induding 102 mm. (4 in.) Norriinal
123
bore]
(b) Cold Bend Te就 [for Pipes over
124
102 mm' 伺机) Nominal bore]
124
(c) Bend Test on the Weld
124
(d) Additional Test
124
(e) Tensile Test
124
。) Test for Valvesand Fittings
348. Method of 时始时时如眩I Heê飞t
Treatment and Marking
124
125
349.
350. Steel Pipes
125
126
35 1. Cast Steel Pipes
126
352. Copper Pipes
FLANGES
127
353. (a) Flanges of Carbon Steel Pipes
127
(b) Flanges of Alloy Steel Pipes
127
(c) Non-ferrous Flanges
127
拮4-;---5erewed on Flanges
127
355. Loose Flanges
127
356. Riveted on Flanges
357. Welded on flanges
128
358. Flanges of Copper Pipes
129
359. Standard Flan伊S
129
129
360. Joints
111dian Boiler Regt/ lations
(xiii;
STEAM-PIPE FITTINGS AND CONNECTIONS
361. Yγrought Bends
132
361 A. Butt Welding Fìttings
133
STE主L BUTT WELDING FITTING
362. (a) Branches, Bosses and Drain Pockets 134
(b) External Reinforcement
134
(c) Thickness where no External
Reinforcement is Provided
134
363. Blow-Down Pipes
142
364. Valves Chests
142
STEAM RECEIVERS, SEPARATORS, CATCH
毛电rAτERS， ACCUMULAτORS AND SIMILA 汉
VESSELS
365. (a) Materials
142
(b) Construction and Workmanship
143
(c) Access to Shells
144
(d) Compensating Rings to Openings
栩d Doors
144
(的 Branches and Other Connections
144
151
。) Shell Joints
、 366. Determination of wor l;< ing Pressure
152
367. Steel Screwed and Socketed Joints
and Mountings of Steel
154
368. Bronze Screwed and Socketed Joints
and Mountings and Fittings of Bronze
154
369. Reducing Valve
155
370. Flexibility
155
371. Pipe Work Supports
155
372. Drainage
156
373. Freedom from Rust and Other
Foreign 民tfatter
156
374碰 τest Pressures
156
CHAPTEI支 IX
FOR THE 1王军GISTRATION OF
BOILERS AND INSPECTION OF BOILERS AND
汉EGULATIONS
STEA如1.PIPES
375.
376.
377.
378.
379.
380.
38 1.
382.
383.
384.
385.
386.
Preparations of Inspection
Hydraulic test of boilers for Registration
Prep盯ation for Hydrau1ic tests
Procedure of Hydraulic Tests
Steam tests
Proced l1re for Registration
Engraving of Registry Number
Mea军urement of Heating Surface
.
Boiler Rating
1之egistration Fee
Memorandum of Inspection Book
387葡 Registration Book
387A. Maintenance of Records
388. Transfer of Memoran也lffi of Inspection
Book and R较gistration Book
389. Grant of Certificate
156
156
157
157
157
158
158
159
160
160
160
161
161
161
162
162
390. Procedure for h飞spectíon of
lnstalled Boilers
39 1. Cakulation of ￥Vasted Shell
391A. Ageing of Boilers
392. Repairs to Boiler and Steam Pipes
393. Submission of manufacturing
drawings and the particulars of
boilers in advance
394. Inspections of Steam Pipes
395. Submission of Plans of Steam-Pipes
395A. Inspection Fees for Boilers and Part
thereof Constructed in India
395R Fees for Inspection of Pipes
395C. Fees for Inspection of Valves
395D. Fees for Inspection of Components
of Valves
395E. Fees for inspection of feed water
heaters and other fittings
395F. Markings
395G. Fee for inspection of spares and
scantlings
162
16垂
165
167
168
168
169
169
169
169
170
170
170
170
CHAPTE汉 IX-A
SAFETY OF PERSONS INSIDE BOILERS
396. Safety of persons working inside boilers 171
CHAPTERX
ELECT.I主 ODE BOIL芜汉 S
GENERAL REQUIRE M:主NTS
171
397. Application
398.
171
399.
171
RIVETED STEEL BOILERS
171
400. Construction and Workr泣如ship
401.￥Vorking Pressure of Shells
171
171
402. Strength of Riveted Joints
403. Thickn岔路 of Butt唰Straps
172
404. Maximum Pitch of Ri vets in
172
Longitudinal Joints
172
405. Spacing of Rows or Rivets
172
406. End and Ci rcumferential Seams
172
407‘ Mar啦。les and other openings in Shells
408. Dished End plates with pre莘莘ure on
172
concave side
搞 173
409. Seatings for Mounting
175
组 O. Flanges thickness and drillir丐
175
411. Pads
175
412. Unstayed Flat-End Plates
175
413. Thickness of Angle Rin gs
175
414. Bo1ts, Nuts and Stl1 ds
175
415. Hydrau1ic Test
FUSION WELDED BOILERS
175
416. Construction ar飞d Workmanship
TESTS F。这 CLA;;~ 1 .F~SION WELDED\S队MS
417. Selection of τest Pieces
176
(xiv)
India l1 Boiler RegulatiollS
418. Tensile Test
419. Bend Test
420. Nick Breakτest
42 1.丑.etests
422.
423.
424.
425.
426.
177
177
177
177
177
177
177
177
Specimens after Tests
Heat Treatment
Hydraulic and Hammerτest
Determination for Working Pressure
Welds and ~ompensation for
178
Manholes and Branches
427. Manholes and other openings in Shells 178
428. Dished end plates wi注1 Pressure
178
on Concave side
429. 飞Jnstayed Flat end Plates
178
430. Thickness of Angle 丑站在§
179
43 1.
179
. 179
432.
179
433. Hydrau1ic Test
SEAMLESS SHELL BOILERS
434. 口时erminationβf :workingPressure
J7!L
435. End Plates
179
436. -M缸也oles 但ld other op.ening in the Shells 179
437. ~- Mountings, fittings and connections
179
(for all types of electrode boi1ers)
CHAPTERXI
STA时DARD CONDITION FOR THE DESIGN
AND CONSTRUCTION OF ECONO岛nSERS，
FEED PIPES, FEE HEATEl至SANDOτT王 ER
SIMILAR VESSELS
、-飞
516. Headers: 飞Vorking Pressure
517. Attachment of Tubes to Headers
JOINT BOLTS AND STUDS
518. ]oint Bolts, Studs and Flanges
VALVES AND MOUNTINGS
519.
~
…
179179
180
180
180
180
180
181
181
181
CASτIRONECONO岛nSERS
510.
51 1. ]oint Bolts and Studs for Cast 1陀n
.-
182
丑conomisers
182
512. Economise r. water outlet temperature
182
STEEL ECONOMISERS WITH OR WITHOUτ
CAST IRON SLEEVES ON THE TUBES
513. Tubes: Construction
182
182
514. Tubes: Working Pressure
182
515. Headers: Construction
183
如)τhermometers
184
184
(c) Pressure Gauge
184
(d) Air Release Valves
184
(e) Blow off Drain Valves
184
。) Non-retum Valves in retum feed line 184
184
(g) Reserve FIues
(h) Explosion doors
184
(i) Hydraulic Te到
184
184
0) Feed Lin
(k) Non-retum Valve
184
FEED PIPE&
520锺 General
184
184
521. Steel Feed Pipes
184
… .522.(注~JrQ!LE理c;:l.I:ipg事…地
184
523. Copper Feed Pipes
523A. Feed Heaters and similar vessels fitted
to Feed PipesG\IhST
、 Et
184
REGULATION FOR RE G1STRATION AND
INSPECTION OF ECONOMISERS AND FEED
PIPES
524. Preparation for Inspection
185
185
525. Procedure for Regulation
186
526. Procedure at subseq\阜ent Inspection
187
527. Procedure for Hydraulic Test
187
528. Memorandum of Inspection Book
187
φ529. (a) Registration Books
(b) Transfer of Memorandum of Inspec187
tÎon Book and Regìstration Books
187
530. Grant of Certificate
187
531. Casual Visits
187
532篝 Economiser 去ating
187
533. 1主egistration Fee
188
534. Engraving of 1支egistry Number
188
534A.
188
534B. Submission of Plans of Feed Pipes
CHAPTER XII
SHELL TYPE BOILERS OF WELDED
, ;CONSTRUCTION
188
535. Application
188
536. General Requirements
188
536A. Equipment of Workshop
189
537. Materials of Construction
189
538. Covered Electrodes
189
539. Plain and Stay Tubes
189
540. Construction and workrnar飞ship
.189
54 1. Preparation of Plat已汉、
189'
542. Stress Relieving
(b) Relief Valves
ECON。如USERS
500. Application of standard conditions
and exceptions thereto
501. General Requirements
少':::-:'-502. 埠。difìcation of formula
503. 头1aker's certificates for steel economisers
504. HydrauJic_ Tesrlor new Economisers
505. Workmanship and-Manufacture
CAST IRON, TUBES AND 曰EADERS
506. Process of Manufacture
507嗣 Test Bars
508. Number of Tensile Tests
.-509. Standardτest Piece
CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
182
183
户'一-…一一一-一一咱哥--
J
lndian Boiler Regulations
543.
544.
545.
546.
547.
548.
549.
550.
55 l.
如 189
Cylindrical Shells
189
Circularity
End Plates, Crown Plates and Tube Plates 190
Internal Flues
190
Fireboxes and Combustion Chambers
191
Uptakes
192
Cross Tubes
192
193
Bar Stays and Firebox Stays
Girder Stays for. Firebox and
Combustìon Chamber Crowns
193
193
552. Gusset Stays
194
553. Access
554. Manhole Frames, Mouthpieces and Doors 194
555. Seatìngs for Mountìngs
195
556. Compensatìng Plates
196
557. Defìnition of the Term 'Fusion Weld'
196
558. Methods of Weldìng
196
559.τypes of Vγelded Shell Seams
197
197
560. 丑epairs to Welded Seams
197
56 l. Tests on Welded Seams
562. Heat Treatment
201
563. Classification of Fusìon-飞'Velded Boìlers 202
564. Shells
203
565. Horizontal Shelves of Tube Plates
Formìng Part of the Shell
203
566. Dished End Plates for Lancashi主e and
204
Cornish Boilers
567. Dìshed Ends Su均ect to Internal Pressure 204
567A.
204
568. Dished Ends Subject to Etternal Pressure 204
569. Hemìspherical Crowns
204
570. Manholes and Other Openìng~ìn Shells 205
571. Compensation for.Openìngs ìn Shells
205
572. Raised Manhole Fram白， Cover Pl挝部
206
and Joìnt Bolts
573. Standpìpes and branches
206
574. Stayed Fl拭 Surfaces (other than
206
Crowns of Vertical Boilers)
207
575. Flat crown plates for vertical boilers
576. Wide water spaces between and
207
around tube Nests
207
577. Flat tube platesand tubes nests
207
578. Manhole Openìngs ìn Flat Plates
208
579. Plaìn Tubes
580. Pitch of τubes
208
58 l. Stayτubes
208
209
582. Compression of Tube Plates
583. Girders for Fire心。.x and Combustion
209
Chamber Crowns
210
584. Girder Slìng Stays
585. Stays for Fire-Boxes and Circular
210
Furnaces
(xv)
586. Fire-Box Crown Stays for Loco幡Type
Boilers
587. Longitudìnal bar stays
588. Loads on Stay Tubes and Bar Stays
589. Fl挝 Plate Margìns
590. Breathìng space
59 l. Gusset Lìnk, Brace and 5凶ilar Stays
592. Furnaces, furnace components, wet
back re v. ersal chambers and fire boxes
of cylìndrical form subject to external
pressure
593. Plaìn Furnacesof Vertical Boilers
594. Corrugated Fireboxes of Vertical Boilers
595. Hemispherical Furnaces of Vertical
Boilers
596. Foundations of Vertical Boiler Furnaces
597. Foundations of Loco-Type Boiler
Fireboxes
598. Uptakes of vertical boilers
599. Cross Tubes
600. Pads Welded to Shell or 也e Attachment
of Flanged Mountìngs
601. 日ydraulic and Hammer Tests
210
210
211
211
211
213
214
216
216
216
216
217
217
217
217
218
C I:王APTERXIII
QUALIFICATION TESTS FOR ￥VEl二百 EI主S
ENGAGED IN WELDING OF BOILERS AND
STEA如I-PIPES UNDEI主 CONSTRUCTION，
ERECTION AND FABRICATION AT SITE IN
INDIA AND IN REPAIRING BOILERS AND
STEAM.PIPES BY WELDING
240
602. Scope
240
603. Defìnition
240
604. Er电吨ìng of C础tified 飞'Velders
605. Initial Qualification Test and Issue
240
of Certificate
240
605A. Issue of Duplicate Certificate
240
606. Production of Cer吃ificate
240
607. (a) Validity of Certificate
240
>(bγRe-validatìon of Certifìcate
240
60~. 二 Age and experience
609. Tests for Initìal Qualification of
240
a welder
242
610. Tests for Requalification
61 l. Examination of Test Specimens for
242
Initial Qualification Tests
612. Examination of 丁est Specimens
244
AfowzRaredqhuagliofifcation Tests
244
613. Awardmg of Marks
244
614. AWard of Certificate
244
615. Maìntenance of Records
244
616.Fees for Examìnation of Welders
244
617. Penal守
(xv i)
lndian Boiler Regulatiolls
CHAPTERXIV
(REGULATIONS MADE UNDER CLAUS主S (a)
AND 恒的 OFS军Cτ10到 280FT旺EACT)
SMALL INDUSTRIAL BOILERS
GENEI支AL
618. Scope
246
619. Definition
246
620. Extent to which variation from the
standard conditions laid down in 仕w
preceding Chapters is perαússible
246
62 1. Valves, Gauges, Fittings and Feed Supply 247
622. Registration, Operation and Maintenance 248
CHAPTERXV
FEEDWAτER FOR BOILER
623. Scope
248
624. Requirements
248
625. Samp1ing
248
626. Test Methods
249
Forms
250
… … • ---281
App否ndiX←
,
丁HE INDIAN BOILERS ACT 1923
1. Short title, extent and commencement
296
2. Definitions
2A. Application of Act to feed-pipes
2B. Application of Act to economi配器
3. Lù口itation of application
4. Power to limit extent
5. Chief Inspector, Deputy Chief
Inspectors and Inspectors
6. Prohibition of use of unregistered
of uncertificate boiler
7. Registration
8. Renewal of certificate
9. Provisionalorders
10. Use of boiler pending grant of certificate
11. Revocation of certificate or provisional
order
12都 Alterations and renεwals to boilers
13.Altemtipns and renewals to 挝础黯-pipes
14. Duty of owner at examination
15. Production of Certificates, etc.
16. Transfer of Certificate etc.
17. Powers of entry
18. Report of accidents
19. Appeals to Chief Inspector
20. Appeals to appellate authority
20 A. Power of Central Government to
revise order of appellate authority
21. F放tality of orders
22. Minor penaltìes
23. Penalties for illegal use of boìler
24. Other penalties
25. Penalty for tampering with register mark
26. Limitation 缸ld previous sanction
for prosecutions
27. Trial of offences
27A崎 Central Boilers Board
28. Power to máke regulations
28 A. Power of Central Government to
make rules
29. Power to make rules
30. Pena1ty for breach of rules
31. Publication of regulations and rules
31 A. Power of Central Govemment to
give directions
32. Recovery of fees etc.
33. Applicability to the Govemment
34. Exemptions
35. Repeal of enactments
THESCI王EDULE
296
296
296
297
297
297
297
298
298
299
299
300
300
3∞
300
300
300
300
300
301
301
301
301
301
301
302
302
302
302
302
302
303
303
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
一一一一一一「
INDIAN BOILER REGULATIONS
S.R.O. 600 (New Delhi, the 15th September二 1950.头-In
exercise of the powe招 conferred by section 28 of 由e
Indian Boilers Act , 1923 (V of 1923), and in
supe路e部ion of 出.e Govemment of India Notiftcation
No. A. 470, dated Sin巾，注le 27位October， 1936，也e
Central Boilers Board is pleased to make 也e following
Regulations, the same having been previously
published as required by sub份section (1) of section 31
of the said Act, namely:
in relation to a boiler,
me部lS也e design pre Ssure-of any part adjusted
to take into account the pressure drops
correspond如g to 由emost ‘severe ∞ndi位~ns of
pressure drop and hydraulic head;
(cc) 吨alculationpressure"，
(d) "Chief Inspector" and l'Inspector" means,
respectively, a person apþointed to þe a Chief
Inspector and an Inspector under 由e Act;
(dd) 吧。mpetent
Authority" me缸1事 an authority
recognised by 出.e Central Boilers Board in the
manner as laid down in regulation 4A to 4H, as
ω，mpetent to issue certificates ..to we~ders. for
the purposes of regulation 4(b) (ii) and
regulation 605;
盐EGULATIONS
PRELlMINARY
1. Short Title，革xtent， Application a Ìld Commence翩
mellt.… (1) TheseRe在ulations may be called the Indian
Boiler Regulation嚣，， 1950.
(2) They extend to the whole of India, except
State of Jammu and Kashmir.]
(ddd) IIdesign pressure"
mean争叩
(i) in relation to a natural or assisted
circulation boiler, the m axÍIIlum allowable
working pressure in 也.e steam drum of the
boiler;
1[布将
(2a) These Regulations shall apply to a11 boilers
including those working on the principles of natural
circulatioI飞， forced circulation and forcèd flow wi由 no
fixed steam and water line.
{讯)
in relation to a once through forcedcirαllation boiler, the ma.Ximum allowable
working pressure at the final superheater
s始am.olit1et;
。) 2'J'hey
shall come into force at once.
{的 "Economiser"
means any part of a feed-pipe
wholly or partly exposed to the action of
flue gases for the purposê' of recovery of waste
heati
2. Definitio附一In也础 e Regulations, unless the context
出的 is
o出.erwise requires:一
(的在le
"Act" means the Indian Boilers Act, 1923;
(ee) "EvaluationCommittee"means a committee
constituted by the Centra1 Government
consisting of-
(b) "Accident" means an explosion of a boiler or
ste缸扣pipe
or any damage of a boiler or steampipe which is calculated to weaken 做 stren拼1
也ereof so as to render it 运able to explode;
(c) "Boiler" means any c10sed vessel exceeding
22.75 lit玄es (five gallons) 阳 capacity which is
used expressly for generating steam 山峰er
pressure and inc1udes any moun位\g orother
fit出19 attached to such vessel, which is wholly
or partly under pressure when steam is shut
(a) Technical Adviser (Boilers)
-Chairman
Chief Inspector (Boilers) of
也.e State where the 山由 is
located
-Member
φ)
(c) a representative of the 黯anufacturers of boilers/anc副秘
ries in pub1ic sector.
-Member
Offi
e~cept the State of Jammu
and Kashmir" shall be substituted.
2. 15th Septen秘也r. 1950. SeeGazette 01 India E~traordinary， Part 民Section 3, dated the 15th September，约50.pp. 岳07ω825.
1.
In the said ReguIa tions, in cIause 仰。 f Regt必 tion 1, for the words and lett鄂、~cept Part B Sta 憾" the words
All DiagramslDrawings 仿
this
book are not to scale.
U
lndian Boiler
2
币) "p主窍窍
G
e辄iibed
古" me缸飞怒
s prescrí也
bed
{号 "feed-pipe"…
or r时部
。 means any pipe or connected fit总ngwholly
or partly under pressure through which
feed-water passes directly toa boiler;
refer出ce to a steam-pipe or steampipes shallbe. d~med toinclude also a
reference to feed-pipe or feed-pipes
respectively;
(ii) every
f
(i) the pre~sure at which steam passes
在rough such pipe exceeds 3.5 Kilograms
per square centimetre above a拉到ospheric
pressure; 但
means-
(i) in respect of material manufactured or
boilers constructed in any State an officer
。 "State"
or IIStatesll means a St的e or the States to
extend; and
which 位\ese re事llations
(m)
"Struc恼ral alteration, addition or renewal"
shall
not"be'deë而"切 i面luae叫岳YEaHEKi边一 or
也就 State;
replacemen仁 ofa pe校y
or
boilers . constructed outside the State an
officer ac位19 on behalf of the Inspecting
Au伽ority;
in r~pect of，一
(a) aþprovàlof diaw4tgs of boilers of
parts thereto with 'minor changes,
where necessary, except for the
drawings ofthe 般民 set of boilers or
parts thereof;
(b) inspection at stages of manufacture
inc1uding examination of repairs;
(c)
si伊ing and
issue of certificates in the
relevant forms except for the
cer阪ficates of the first set of boilers or
parts thereof;
an officer acting on behalf of an Inspecting
Au血。rity;
白h)
such pipe exceeds 254 milimetres in
and includes in ei在衍
case any connected fitting of a steam份
plpe.
让\t咄咄 diameter;
appointed也y廿稳如spec由19我:u辙。dty 如
{码、如 ρrespectofmaterialmanufactured
(i马)
{吕)
吵
(h)μ拉specting Offict;!r"
by regulations
under the Act;
(k)"Steam-pipe" means any pipe 位rough which
st辅m passes from a boiler to a prim令mover or
o出er user or bo.th, if一
i时'IlInspecti吨 Authority" means an authority
recognisëd by the CentralBoilers Board in 也e
飞 manner as lâid down in regulations 4A to 4H, as
competent to grant p certificate in Form n, llA
õi"nB;
made
RegulaH必
ons
"Liaison Sub-Committee" means a committee
consti灿ted by 役le
Central Bo过.ers Board 山\d时
bye知w 3(i) (e) of 注\e Bye-laws of the Central
Boilers Board;
includes any person using a boi1er as
agent of the owner thereof and any person using
a boilerw始ch he has hired or obtained on loan
from the owner thereof;
功 11 owner"
nature when the part of
for replacement is not inferior in
streng白， efficiency or otherwise to 也.e replaced
part or fit协耶
fi忧泊在 used
但) "Ted四ical Advi阳 (Boilers)"
means Ted也ical
Adviser (Boil衍s) to 仕\e Govemment of India in
the Ministry of Industry (Department of
Industrial Development).
y
CHAPT军RI
A
G在NERALREQUI反革MENTS，
APPUÇATION OF
STANDARD CONDITIONS AND EXCÈPτ10NS
THERETO
3. General ~equirements， application of standard
conditions and exception thereto一 (1) Aboiler shall
not be register喝 under sub-section (4) of Section 7 of
hεAct and a cert谣岱te shall not be issued under subsection 伪 of 也at section with reference to a Boiler,
unless the standard conditi∞s in respect of material,
desi吝n and construction, which are specified in 出e
subsequent Chapters of these Regulations, are satisfied
in respect of such a boiler.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in submay, subject 抽出e
provisions of 陀思主lation 7 and 8, register a boiler and
order the issue of a certificate authorising the use
thereof, under any of the fol1owing circumstances,
namely…
regula悦。n(匀，出.e Chief 如spector
Indian Boiler Regulations
(i) when the material used in the construction ofa
boiler, steam-pipe, economiser or sup挝heater is
not in conformìty with the Indian Boiler
Regulations but is known to be commonly used
in other countries as being suitable for use (in
the construction of boilers and st相m伽pipes，
provìded that such material is not specifical1y
prohibited by the Re俨lations;
and that the methods of manufacture, fabrication
and heat treatment conform to the spedfied
.~Qød.!时都蜻洒在加巾J
(ii) when the constructional features of a boiler,
steam-pipe, 挝
e conomi始se
盯
ro
创r 阳
su
叩
严
P
er
由
he
臼
at怡
er are not
i坠
z丑1 ∞
C on飞f
如
ormi让ty wi议2役h the Regulations but are not
∞nsi油
缸
d
创盯恍
e
r阻叫.它咔吟
ed垃:阳
沁e 崎々唔fi、瞥i穰萨to be inf自 ior
h
in "Sttengthto 位10se prescribed in 也e RegulatioÏisand from part of 址ìe usual manufacturing
practice of boilers anð steam-pipes in other
countries;
(iii) when aboiler, steam-pipe, economiser or
superheater has obviously been built in
conformity with the regulations but no certificate
as required under the regulations is 如r出coming.
(3) No structural part of a boiler, which is subject to
pressure, shall be made of Bessemer process steel or of
Cast or ~在alleable Cast Iron.
(4) Where no specific provision is made in these
regulations for design or manufacture of any
pressure part~ the lnspectíng Authority may permit
the: design , manufac 如肥， stage inspections and
certificationof such pressure parts including the
valves, mountings and fittings conforming to the
codes or. standards like B.S. , ASME Boiler and
pressure vessel code , TEMA , TRD, GOST and JIS,
which are known to be commonly used in
industrially advanced countries. The decision of
Inspecting Authorities shall be binding on all
Registering Authorities.
ζ主 (4A) The tubes ofboilers and heat exchangersmade of
τitanium and other exotic metals may be approved as.
per inte红lational codes, including ASME, BS, DIN,
TEMA with the minimum th比如ìess specified in those
codes of manufacture.
3A. Inspection of Boiler to comply into any Foreign
Cod e- Notwithstanding anythir名 contained in these
regulations, the inspecting authority may inspect any
boiler meant for export during the various stages of
íts construction so as to ∞mply wìth the requirements
of any foreign code and may grant a certificate in
Form IIA.
13
~T ANDARD
4. 但)
REQUIREMENTS
Material- All plat矶 rivets and bars used in
出e construction of bo i1ers shall be tested 市\d
found to conform with the Regulations
hereinafter contained.
缸
;;D
(b) Construstion- (i) _All bo i1 ers during
constructionshall beunder the supervision of
an Inspecting Officer and shall be inspected at
all stages pf construction presçribed in Appendix
J. Tubes and steam-pipes shall also be inspected
at the makers' works at the stages prescribed in
Appendix J, and the tests conducted by the
makers shall also be witnessed by the Inspecting
Officer.
(ii) Welders enga伊d in site welding of boilers,
steam-pipes , / economisers and sup盯­
heaters shall possess and produce to the
satisfactìon of the Chief Inspector the
Welders Performance Qua 1ification
Certificate issued by a Competent
Authority.
(c) Certificates etc. und~r Sec. 14(1)(c) of the
Act- In advance of or alongwith an
application (or registration of a boiler the
following certificates and drawing or
specification shal1 be furnished to the Chief
Inspector namely:
(i) A certificate in Form IJ.… From an Inspec位咯
Authority certifying 出af出e← material was
tested and the boiler was built under their
supervision.τoge出er with such certificate
the Inspecting Authority may furnish a
memorandum of Inspection Book in Form
1 prepared in the manner prescribed by
Re伊lation 386 in respect of the Inspection
of the boiler during construction and the
hydraulic test applied on completion. 均
占主~~~gti~~l:>:9jJ~J'州切军泣如主。1恃阴阳.b，l.e.d
黯蠕能叫:t:û.r何.ent々Qf，，，tlle京h.ydraJ.!.lic
i突然，;;91王三巍巍gg耶pJe.tE:!ly， assembledboilerby
lhe如.spec出g咀百thotifý"snãl1悦。t 叩ply
p.:ç9yide
时
d 役也\a
挝t
h
the individual pa盯rt怒s ο
时fs
邱
uc
出
boil始
缸z巳?\飞"ha，v.ebeen hyd耳明句u王li坎
e
cally.tes怡d 答吼
挝n话
a
d
r:eξ
珍ti迁fi挫
edby
the Inspecting'
我~飞Pfβ王u.ately俨亏边王 s 守
Jrequi 玄e←乱
d 轴创飞
7\t:ü'
扛tde.r二
these
z愕时垦梅ti<;ms.
In case of Waste 日eat Boilers, a certificate
in Form 11 may be issued by the
Indian Boiler Regulations
4
Inspecting Au啦。总ty ofth~ßta怡， where
the boiler is installed, after 七ompletion of
∞nstruction at site on the stre哗啦 of 部
cer民ficates supplied to h拙\ in prescribed
forms by the owne1' Joi 泣恕 individual
components whïch are required to be
fumis!1ed for regi梅州on of a boiler under
Regulation 叫啡， shall be subrnitted to the
Inspec指\g Au出.ority of the State, where
the bo i1 er is installed , before the
ωm血encement of ∞nstruction of such
boiler at the site.
〈泣)
…巾十
A certificate in Form 111 of manufacture
and test si萨ed by the maker or by a
responsible representa位ve of the rnaker of
the boiler containing a description of the
bo加" its principal dimensions, particulars
of the kindof material used in its
conffi比tìö瓦lRe ffi记洒自豆百甜1'1古t时， the
diametre' .of and method of forrning 出e
rivet holes in 出e shell plates, particulars
of any departure from' ordinary practice
in rnaking the shell, such as, solid 1'olling
or welding, the hydraulic testto w挝chthe
boiler was subjected , the intended
working pressure, the area of heating
surface, the maximum continuO\王军
W叩ora拉ve capaci吵，位le year and place
of make, and the works number of the
boiler.
Note- The Chief Inspector may, however,
approve a modìfied form of certificate
wherein items which do not pertain to a
particular may be omitted.
中(制) Adrawir丐，g~如1~!吼叫çal~~ ，坦白ec翻
of large boilers of not less than 3/4 inch to
注le foot and in the case of sma11 boilers of
not less than llh inches to the foot, showing
the principal dimensions and a
longitudinal section and even view of the
boiler of bearing 白.e works number of the
boiler andthe Maker's office stamp. The
drawing 由all show details of riveting of
longitudinal and circumferential seams
with pitch of rivets, c1'oss spacing of rivets
rowsand 尚但neters of rivet.翩holes，出eradü
of curvature of di窑hed end p1ates, f过lets
and flanges and corners of bent plates, and
where gusset stays are fitted the number
and diameter of rivet holes in each 事lsset
stay.
1川the"'case"bf"Wåt盯柏树和bõìl自s~>'the
fQ~~gQmg"，scales 址laltrapply宁也t，5the.main
b，QU~r.;!1dl'Qm和only~
but in addition a
general a1'1'angement drawing'of the boile1'
to a scale of not less than lA. inch to 也e
foot shall be p 1'ovided.
(iv) A certificate in fo 1'm IVfrom the steel
maker and a ce1'tificate from the make 1'
of the plates, rivets or bars, of the natu 1'e
refe 1'1'ed to in Regulations 26 and 27
respectively. The ce 1' tificate from the
maker of the plates, rivets or ba1's, shall
show the cha 1'ge numbers, the plate or
ba 1' numbersand the number and
dimensions of the various plates etc.
tested , thei1' chemical analysis , thei1'
ultimate tensil breaking strength in tons
per squa 1'e inch of section, the percentage
õfelõ吨ãUóiìéloo .the length…白… whICh
measu1'ed , the numbe 1', kind and result
of bend 0 1' othe 1' tests made and the date
of tests:
Provided that where an Inspecting
Authority furnished a ce 1'tificate in
Fo1'm 11 togethe1' with a Memo 1'andum
of Inspection Book in Form 1 in
'accordance with sub-regulation (c) (i)
the certificates prescribed under c1 auses
m) and (iv) need not be furni :shed to
the Chief Inspector when application is
made for registration of the boiler. But
should any question arise in respect of
the fitness of the boilers for the wo1'king
pressu 1'e a pproved by the Inspecting
Auìhority withina period of three
years from the date of their registration,
the owner shall if. requested by the
Chief Inspecto 1' obtain and fumish the
original documents specified in the said
c1 auses.
,
Provided fur出但也atinr崎pect of the steel
made and tested by Well-:Y..nown Steel
Makers recognised by 役le Central Boilers
Board in the manner laid down in
regulations 4A to 4衍， a certificate of Well精
Kn own Steel Maker in Jorm IVA shall be
accepted in lieu of a certificate from an
Insp时ting Authority.
Provided a1s。在剖 in respect of 也.etubes/
pipes made and tested by well known
lndian Boiler Regulations
tube/pipe maker recognised by the Centra1
Boilers Board 怕也e manner as laid down
in regulations 4A to 4H, a certificate of
manufacture and test of well known tubel
pipemaker 加 form IUD or IIIE, as 也ecase
may be, shall be accepted in lieu of a
cert证icate from an Inspecting Au讯。rity;
In case where the orig坦剖 certificate from
well-kno阴\
steel makers in form IV is not
produceable, owing to such certificate
containing details of p 1ates u钝d for other
purposes also, an extract from the original
cert证icate duly si伊\ed by the makers of
the boiler and countersigned by the
Inspecting Authority shall be aαeptablein
lieu of 也e 悦汶迂icate in form IV, provided
all iI飞formation r叫1血'ed in form IV and
fun或被\ed in the extraet.
(v) In the case of fusion welded drums of
diagram of welded repairs and
temperature charts of heat-tre础ne:时 shall
also be furr部hed.
In"addition, cer低ficat部 in respect of yield
point
at 回rvice
temperature (0.2 per cent
the average stress to produce
an elongation of 1 per cent (creep) in
z∞，。∞ hours and the average and the
lowest stre翠ses to produce rupture in
100;α)() hours in 也e material, wherever is
applicable, are to be fumished.
proofstres吟，
(v斗 For
tubes and pipes subject to internal
pressure, a certificate giving results of tes始
regarding che血icalanalysis， wamFyield
point (0.2 per cent proof 位部吟， the aver~ge
s忧郁 to produce an elongation of.1 per
cent (creep) in 100,000 hours and the
average and the lowest stresses to produce
rupture in 100，0∞ hours in the materia1
w如町喇喇p，lic~~li号 shall be furn脚乱
:JP
Not舍一
Until 33，∞o hours tests are carried out by
National Metallurgical Laboratory 18teel Pl辜负辈革
or Corporate Re嚣earch and Dev曹 lopment
Laboratory of Bhar以 Heàvy Electricals Limited
飞怆
ed; for ∞
c 。lle
始窑cti
往ing elevated
shall be 阳:bst岱it阳ut
t始啻 m
宜npe
钉ra
欲ture data of 剑
a lloy steel 严
p roduced
汹
in
时
必ig
d
伊
enou
回
51忖
ya
咯
伊
g
ai弘
ns
汶tASME 。臼rB
因
S 锣a
捂
de
铠5. These
grade of steel m矗Y be accepted and long time
eleva主ed temperature propertie5/maximum
allow矗.ble stress values given in ASME Code or
酶， as the ca5e rnay be, may be for. pu甲ose
used or de革ign provided:
~
{墨) Acer峭C墨te
is furriished by the producer
of the 5t慧el to the effect that the steel has
beenmanufactured strictly in accordance
with the technical requirements of 必ME
Code or B8 to assure that the creep
rupture requirements are complied with.
maker, furni5hed the necessary
certifica te 也必 the steel conforms to the
chemical analysis, room and elev a.ted
temperature mechanical properties giv船伽
in A8ME Code or B8 as the case may b告.
(b)τhe 8teel
(c) The short-terrn s泣ess rupture t，锹s for 10,000
hours as described below are carried out by
National Metallurgical Laborato叩， Corporate
Research and Development Laboratory of Bharat
Heavy Electricals Ltd. for the purpose of
checking whether the steel is upto the
spec出cation and also to ensure 嵌挝 the steel is
capable of meeting the long-term rupture stress
values/maxim四川 allowable stress values given
in ASM览 Code or BS as the case may and a
cert迁icate is given by National Metallurgical
Laboratory/Corporate
京esearch
and
Development Laboratory of Bharat Heavy
Electricals Ltd. to this effec t.
(d) A mÏI\imum of three casts are tested from each
S徐el manufacturer for each gradeof steel.
(e) Each grade of steel is tested at three
temperatures, namely 5部吧I 5500C and 60伊c
forT22 grade of s馆el and 4ω吃， 5∞句: and 550吃
for T1 2 grade of 创但1 and at 指出 stress level to
give rup拍relives of 1∞0， 30∞， 10000 hours at
锦ch temperature and taking two specimens
under each test condition in conforrnity with the
code/Specification to which 也，è steel is made.
rupture tests for 33,000
hours durationare taken up on the same three
casts from each steel manufacturer for each grade
of steel at 位U'ee t，部主s tení.peratures and taking
{命 Conαurently 也，e s加ss
twosp配imens at 相ch tempera始re.
,
Maker's Stamp-币1忡。如rshaJ，l haves惊呼ed
upon its frontp 1ate in a conspicuous position
the following particulars:
MAKER'S NAME
Work'sNumber …… Yearof 出:ake …… Tested
to ......二 Lbs..........on..........W丑"…"… Lbs. ……
Ins严cting Of去cer's
or
Inspec位\gAu也ority'事
。'fficial
Stamp
-
lndian Bailer Regulati佣S
6
(2) For the purpose of clause (c), (e) , (市革nd (g) of
thisregulation, certificate 忌器，ued by an authority
empowered in this behalfby or under the law in
forceor 附加nal code of standard of any foreign
country ìn re革pect of plates, bars, tubes, pipes,
forgi~gs and casting, manufactur窑d in that
俨 co山飞往y and containing the parti!αdarsr牵quired
to be specified in the steel makers certificat理s
referred to in the above mentioned clauses of
regulation 4 may be accepted provided such
certificates toritain ast草惚ment duly si箩ledby
the Inspecting Authority to the effect 加tthese
materials comply with the requiremerits of the
law orthe code or standard of the foreign ∞untry.
仰 Photostat copy of the 四rtificate in Form IIIC
shall be accepted provided it is endorsed by
the manufacturer or the Inspec指\g Authority.
Certificates for Steam-pipes- A certificate of
manufacture and test in Form ill-A, signed by the
maker and 由.e Inspec出g Authority shall be
如口úshed.
Certificates for Tube步一 Ace晤巍.cate of manufac幡
ture and 怡然如 Formill心， s~gned by 佳丽捆ker
and 也e Insp时位19 Authority sha11 be fUrÍÍ藏
Note…In臼制 of
‘9
tubes madé by well-known Tube Må kers
[re∞gnisedby the Central Boilers Board in the manner
as laid down in regul甜ons4A t04日] in India or other
countries listed in Appendix 'M' material testing
includingmechanical tests. may be carried out by them
and the particulars regarding testing of material
inc;luding mechanical t附 as çertified by theIn shall
benotedintheappropriate coh.i mn or paragraphs in
出e certificate in Form m心.In ca饵， certific.然efromthe
"Well known Tu油 Makers" as aforesaid is prod uced,
在) Ce而觅臼憾 of 加spec筐。rri
during construction of
suCll ce甜 fi饵temaybeac哇哇ptedinlieuofthece耐ficate
pi严s forwhich variati，∞ fromstand挝dωlditions
from the IIlSpecting Authority in 槌 far as it relates to
testing ofmaterial including mechanical tests specified
in this for m.
havebe四 permitted.
(g)Certificatesfor mountings and fitting•… A
ce放ificate of Manufacture and Test in Form 盟"
C, signed by the Mak怠r and the Inspecting
Authority in respect of boiler mountings and .
steam鞠pipe 位tings during manufacture, shall
be fumishèd.
Notes…(1) For the purpose of 也isclau揭 certificates issued
byana时hority empowered in 也is behalf by or
unde.. 趴el最w in force or the national code in a
forei萨 country， in respect of mountings and
fittìngs in that country and ∞ntaining the par怜
culars required to be specified in thi草帽民ificate，
may be accepted. Where, however, the material
回ed. is in c'∞forrnity wi也 the code of the
country of manufacture and is covered by those
Reg1.11a tio邸" the permissible stress fig1.1res specified mthe Code at different teínperàtures may
bea倒p制 in lieu of figures ∞mputed from th告
dat在 req也暗d to be fumished under Regu1ation
l7ffi\/arty~ot.the.follow泣'gfC崎es?namely:一
。)
(ii)
Where a certi在.cate is furnished from an
Inspecting Authority to the (!ffect that the
steel complies with 趴.e requirem四ts of
the grade steel (to be specified) and the
permissible stress for th牵 working conditions as allowed for in the Code of the
coun忧y of manufacture falls wifhin the
li咐tpermis巾le under this Regula胁，
\Vhe附加 basis upon which these s位'esses
have been arrived at is made avail动le
and such basis is not found to be such as
to give rise to stresses higher 泣tan those
perrnissible under the Reg1.1lations.
- A èer位ficate of manufac→如何时如堕tin FQrmm:-A(i), signedby血.emaker
and the Inspecting Au出ority sha11 be furnished.
(i)
Ce甜ficate
of inspection during construction of
tubes for which v何:i:ation from st彼tdardcondi运∞s
have been permit制.Ace毗ate of manufacture
朋d 棚tinForm 因-B 创， si萨\ed by the maker and
.the 如sp缸ting Authority shall be 缸n让她.ed.
PROCEDURE.FOR RECOGNITION OF
INSPECTING
AUTHORITY, WEL'k,KNOWN MATERIAL
T在S'口NG LABORATORY, WEI:L-KNOWN STEEL
MAKER, WELL-KNOWN FOUNDRYIFORGE,
WE
缸LL.缸?剖1l0WN.'τY陌BE
缸IP
臼IPE MAKER AND
WELL- KNOWN REMANENT LIFE
ASSESSMENT ORGA到ISATION
COMP军τENT AUTHORITY,
4A. Applicationfor R仪ognition""'; (1) An app主.cation
for re∞gnition as Competent Au白ority， Insp白白\g
Au践。rity， Well-known Material Testing LabQratory,
Well-known Steel Make乙 Wel1岳飞.own Foundry /Forge,
Well-kno w:n Tube/Pipe Maker and Well-known
Remanent Life Assessment Organisation shall be made
by a firm tothe Secretary, Central Boilers Boa时，Mi甜S位y
of Indus句(Department of Indus泣ial Development),
New De1.hi, for recognition as one of 出.e aforementioned
areas of activ让Y in which that firm is engaged.
。)ω're喧哗tof app1ica悦。n undersub咽gula馁。ns 仰，
也e Sec retary, Central Boilers Bo挝d shall send a ques份
tionnair程，in
any of the Forms (Form XV-A to XV-G)
-applic命le\to 位.e area of activ:ity to the.app革.cantwho
shal1 send the sa凯e after duly completed, to the
-Secretary
lndian Boiler Regulations
8
Provided that the firm which has been granted
recogr由lon and has not ∞mpleted a périod of 也ree
years, shall continue to be so recognised as such till 也e
exp让yof 出.e period of three years.
Provided
(xv) Training.
further 出at.if
an application is not made in
岱me，也e 盹me may be enter饭ined by the said au出ori号F
that there w梢 sufficient cause for not making
applicationin t抽\e.
岳〈乱
;'App
归
帧
e
挝l叩…-(l)Ar叼
a
守
1η
yfi拙
m
览n川
∞。创t1韶t怡is
n
瑞
f缸ie
创
dw
削it出
以生出
h
hereasons
宿
1
s
for ref缸u飞王si汩
ng to
an appeal 趴
in writing 抽出e
Chairman, Central Boilers Board, for reconsiderjI\g its
application.
given.by
(b) storage;
(c). de挂very;
,
5. Modifi c: ation of Formulae一 (i) Under the
Regulations for determining .the working pressure to
be al10wed on various parts of boilers, the material to
which the formulae 呼plyshall 抽出e absence of express
provision to the COI飞trary be steel ∞mplying with the
requiremer飞蚀。f a1apter II.
由e Li烛
ai沁
son Sub-cor孩
m
宫nmiU始
:ee
(2) All. applications received by Chairman, Cêntral
Boìlets 起oa.rd.， under sub仰伊lation(辞I shall be dedded
in the meetingoftheCentral Boile主's Board and the
(ii) Where no test certificates for plates and rivets are
produced, the material may be treated as iron, if the
Chief Insp时tor is satisfied 出at the material is of suitable
boiler quality. lf in such cases the Chief Inspector is
clearly satisfied that the material is of good 电uality， a
higher strength than that aUowed for iron may be
permi饮ed but the strength of 出e plates shall not, save
decisi郎。f位e Bòard 啦雪想Qtl ，~haUbeJ怡然L
1.0upecialreasons，.be a部umed-:切 be~more-位双n去6t臼lS
ac
仅
∞。rdr阿!哈
C
ec
∞。'gn由
i让ti加
on飞 mayfi
缸le
M
4 日.
Punction of Evaluation Committ 饵- The
Evaluation Comm.ittee 位现在 evaluate theperfo口nance
of a fírm applying for recognition in accordance wi也
the provisions of these regulatio1'ÌS, in particular 扭曲e
following areas, namely:一
{斗Quality System;
俏。咯éU\isation;
(üi) Review of quality system;
(iv) Documentation(a) h1spection and test pr创.edures;
(b) Records;
(c) Technical data;
(v) Inspection 吨uipment;
(vi) Inspec位on of purchased material or services一
(的 purch础ing;
(b) purcha.sing data;
,
(c) receiving inspection;
(d) verification of purcha部d material;
(vii) In喃process inspection;
(viii) WorkI乳制ship;
(ix) Corrective action;
(x) Inspection and test of compli的ed items;
(xi) Sampling procedure;
(xii) Control of non-c onforming material;
但üi) Indication of inspection statusi
(xiv) Protection and pre蹄rvation of product quality(a) material handling;
per square inch. In such cases the values of tensile and
shear stre吨th shall not be more than 26 and 21 tons
per square inch for steel, and 21 anä 18 tons per square
inch for iron. For iron across the grain the tensile
streng也 may be 18 tons per sq旧re inch.
(i总) For flat plates of cop阳， the working pressure as
found from the formulae, reduc~d by 50 per centshall
be the working pressure permitted.
(iv) When the quality of 时aterialand 出e make of steel
pipe have not been supported by certificates from 出e
manufacturers in Form m-A，出e pipes shall be tested
in a test house and the maximum permissible workirlg
stress shall be such as the Chief Inspector of Boilers
IT,\ay in his discretion determine.
5A. Material not fu l1y identified- Where 出.ematerial
as for example plate, bar, billet, pipes and tub锦 arenot
covered by mill test certificate ei船er due to misplacement or late receipt of the samebut otherwise there are
reasoris to believe that the materials are genuine and of
standard specH祀的ions registering authoI均， or Chief
Inspector of Boilers m勾'permit the use of such mateI也als
as a sp挝ial case after 鼠。ròugh verification test in a
Test House to his satisfaction at 出.e rate not less than
25% subject to the following conditions :
(a) ln respect of Plate争…
(i) The plates shall have a steel maker' s stamp.
(ii) Use of such uncertified plates, however,
will not be allowed for manufacture of Shell
or Drum of the boilers.
9
Indian Boiler Regu1ations
{溢)
Shipping documents/ord就 documents
shall be made available to estab革命也e
specifications of the mam主facture for
坠spection and testing of pl时低
(b) Por Billets, bars, pipes and tubes…
Shipping documents sha11be made available to
establish the spec证ica杭ons for manufacture for
inspection and testing.
6. Standard specifications for materia1纱巾Thes饭X晤时d
specifications for steel wrought iron and copper plates
and bars, and the cast steel shall be 啦。se prescribed in
Chapter 11.
7. Registration of second.hand boilers not in
accordance wi出 the standard condition如-If a 铅C∞d.
hand boiler is not confonning to 位l.e requirements of
位\ese regulations for its registration，由.en the same
sha1l not be registered except in 也e following cases,
n彻执ely:
(i) Water Tube Boilers- Where the documents
required under its code of manufacture for its
registratìon are furnished and its workmansl'让p
is not 如 any way doub任ul世也.e second-hand
Water Tube Boiler may be re拚惚拇dby 黯ducing
也e working pressure of 也epa公so打he boileras
calcu1ated from the re按.ù碍。邸 by ten percent.
Provided that a higher wor挝ng pressure, being not
more 也都飞也.e working pressure allowed by the code of
manufacture, may be allowed on the recommendatìon
of 由e Board made by 扰。n 也.eba蜘 of life assessment
tests carried out on the boiler.
(ü) Shell Type Boilers- Where the documents
required under its code of manufacture, for its
registration are 旬n出hed，仕\e second-hand Shell
Type 窍。iler may be registered by reducing the
working p黯ssure of the parts of the boiler as
ca1culatedunder th部e re萨lations as per the
始ble given below:
Age 01 'boiler
25 3s 45 50
(from the date 01
衍在t use) in Years
Reduction in
working pressure (per佣nt)
5
60
沟
80
90
CHAPTERII
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION STEEL
PLATES, RIVEl毡， SECTIOr喝 ANDBARSIN
CARBON STEEL
9. Process of manufacture- (a) St~el for plates shall be
made by the open hearth, electric furnace or basic
oxygenproc制5 or any 0出er process which gives steel
having equivalent specified properties.
(b) General Dφoxidation practice shall be appropriate
type of steel used, partìcu1arly where 佼le de捕
。xidaH∞ pr硝烟抽fluence the level of the elevated
temperature proper锐部 of steel.
to 也.e
(c)R挝uned steels may be permitted only for re幡riveted
drums or shells made of plates having a nominal
thickness upto 20 mm.
(d) Plates of Carbon Steel shall conform to one of the
following four grades of tensile strength namely:一
(i) 37 to 45 kgf/mm2
{总)
42 to 50 kgf/mm2
(ili) 47 to 56 kgf! mm2
{划 52
to 62 kgf/mml
(e) Semi-skilled steel may be use4 for plates 阳 CandC
Mn Steel with an upper limit of the tensile strength not
exceeding 56 Kg/ mm2 and with thickness not exceeding
50mm 山\der service temperature conditionι-450 C.
o
10. Chemical analysis- (a) The Steel sha1l not ∞时础飞
more than 0.05 per cent of swphur or phosphorus.
(b) A sulphur pr放\tt部ts始在 be taken from the material
of each charge used for rivet bars for the purpose of
部suring 也就 sulphur segregates are not concentrated
in 也，e core. The stage in manufacture at which 出is test
is made shall be 础和e option of the Steel-Maker.
1∞
10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70
(c) When the material is required for flame cutting
and/or welding the carbon content shall not exceed
0.30% and sp时ial precautions shall be taken when the
carbon content exceeds 0.26%.
wh自\ steels are intended for service temperatures over
8.Welding- 创刊e
use of welding in 出.econs忧uction
of ， boile黯 shall be permi位ed only where 唠钢结.ca廷y
provided for in the standard conditi∞a
7∞op 也，es部iconc∞t础t shall be not less 也an 0.10% or
a1tematively，出e
material shall pass the proof test for
creep 伊ality of carb∞ steel plates of boiler quality.
10
6.
lndian Boiler Regulatiol1S
(d) Plates having thickness of 12 mm and less than that,
not intended for. hot forming, can be supplied in
unnormalized or 都 rolled condition 草地如此土。 the
condition 出at the code of manufacture provides for
the same. For plates having thickness more than 12
mm, not intended for hot forming, shall be supplied in
出.e normalized conditions :
11. Preedom from defects, etc.- Minor sudace defects
of th.e plates may bë removed by mechanical means 始
achieve the smooth level sudace provided that the
minimum spedfied thickness as maintained sudace
defects may be repaired by welding only with the
approval of the Inspecting Authority provided that the
plate is str部s relieved after welding w):lere necessary.
Provided 出时也e
12. Rolling margin… No plate or rolled section shall
be under the spec廷ied thickness at any par仁 not more
than 5 per cent over the calcul叫ed weight, except that
in the case of thin plates and wide plates the weight
tolerances shall be as set out 抽出e table below :
normalizing may be exempted! if it is
demonstrated by the manufacturer 白at equivalent prope副部 can be produced by the rolling subsequent coolin各
Not窑- The boiler manufacturer may, if he so wishes, order
a check analysis.
Schedulè òf Percentage of Rolling Weight Toleran~es for Boiler Plat部
Tflickness
m.
1/4 to under 5~/16
5/16 to under 3/8
3/8 to under 7/16
7/1 6 to under 1/2
1/2 to under 5/8
5/8 to under 3/4
3/4 to under 1
1 to under 2
UlI der
48
%
s
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
48 to
1l11der 60
%
60 to
Imder 72
%
72 to
lmder 84
%
Widt 1z În Înclzes
84 to
96 to
108 to
120 to
Imder 96 Il1lder 108 lmder 120 lmder 132
%
%
%
5
7
7.5
5
5
6
10
11
8 .
6
6
5
5
9
5
5
5
7.5
8
6
5
5
5
6
6
7.5
$
5
5
5
5
?
主
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
All the above margii1s will be taken over nett theoretical weigh t.
…… 5 叫
13. Testing and inspecting- 白le follow Ïl1g tests and
inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture
prìor to despatchi but in the event of any 出.e material
proving unsatisfactory in the course of being worked
into boilers , such material sha l1 be rejected ,
notwithstanding any previous certificate of satisfactory
testing, and such further tests of thè materialfrom 出e
same charge shall be made as the Inspecting Officer in
attendance may c01Í.sider des让able.
13A. Where a steel plant is not able to desi伊丽te steel as
15:2002 because of the fact that 出ey have not been able
to carry out all the tests required as per 15:2002, the
steel plant maysupply steel with a certificate in respect
of such ofthose tests as it has been possible for them to
carry out indica出19 the tests which it has not been
possible for them to conduct in order to get the steel
certified 部 15:2002. It is open to 出e manufacturer to
take such steel which has the re气功red potentialities of
15:2∞2， provided he can arrange the remaining tests to
be conducted at any of the independent testing
laboratories, namely , the 到ational Metallurgical
Labora tory , Jamshed pur, the Central Mechanical
Engineering Research Institu饨， Durgapur; and the
National Test House, Alipur or Sewri, provided that
9-..~--" 川……12一』
%
争句
-…叫一
132 alld
over
%
.
4
12
11
q
争
8
7
9
15
12
10
9
8
7
sampl时 be drawn in the presence of the Inspecting
Authority. 5uch remaÍl!ing tests may also be conducted
at the Bharat Heavy Electrica 1s L出'\ited， Tiruchirapally
in the presence of the Inspec出19 Authority in resp时t
of plates intended for their use.
If注le
certificate of tests from steel makers 缸ld the
National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, or the
Central Mechanical Engineering Research 1戏剧tute，
Durgapuror 白e National Test Hou衍， A1ipur or 5ewri
or Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited， τj.rùchirapally， be
furnished in the manner mentioned abovè, the boiler
电uality plates shall be accepted byJhe Inspe<;.ting
Authorities/ Chief Inspector of Boilers ofthe 5tates
‘
13B. Testing and certification of semi-skilI叫 steel
for which al1 tests not carried out in a steel plantWhere a steel plant h部 not been able to carry out all
the tests required under 出e regulations for te~ting the
semi-skilled steel, the steel plant may supply such steel
with a certificate in respect of such tests which have
not been possible for them to conduct in order to get
the steel certified under the regula tions. and in such a
case it is open to 出e manufacturers to take ~阿华 steel
which has the potentia1ities of the semi-ski1led steel to
飞
\
11
Indian Boiler Regulations
any of the Independent testing laboratories , name坊，
National Metallurgical Laboratory , Jamshedpur.
Central Med破nical Engineerin窑 R时earch Ins泣如始，
Durgapur and National Test House, Alipur or Sewri
for conductir唱出e remaining test provided 枝冶ts彻执.ples
are drawn in 位.e presence of the Inspecting Au也ority.
Such rema让ùng tests may a1so be conducted at the
Bharat Hea可F 黯.ectrica1s Limited, Tiruchirapal1y in
respect of plates int臼deØ for 也咄咄e.
Where,
如1
= tensile
mm2
streng出 at
room temperature in Kgf/
N =a qua1ity index to 1∞ for platethickness upto 50
~ or 95 for p1ate 而ickness over 50 mm.
C = 2.2 for only guage
Lo = 5.65
..J
油供s
of Lo = 5do or
Ao where
Lo = gauge length
If a certificate of test is furnist飞.ed by the steel makers in
respect of tests carried out by them and another
certificate is furr让shed in resp缸t .of remaining tests
conducted by any one of 生he independent testing
1aboratdries or the Bharat Heavy 丑lectrical Lirr世时，
Tiruclúrapa l1y, the plates should be accepted by the
Inspecting Authority or the Chief Inspector of Boilers
of the States provided all 也e requirements of 出e
regulations are covered by these certificates.
14. Selection of 栓5t piec制-A过 test pi民es sh硝 be
selected by 也e Ins愣cting Officer and tested 如 his
pr臼ence， and h.e shal1 satisfy hirnself 也at the conditions
herein described are fulfilled.
15. Ten5ile te5t piece←创The t韶山 stren件 and
percentage elongation shal1 be determined' from test
pieces of gauge length preferably equal to Lo=5.65A也
(See regulation 1哟. Altematively, other gauge.lengths
may be used, provided 泣le elongatiòn ~alue on a 和age
length of 5.65/ Ao.
(b) In arbitration cases a test pìece of gauge ，leng出
equal to 5.65 Ao for rectangular test pieces of 5do for
round test pieces shall be used. For plate 白.ickness
exceeding 60 口lm test pieces shal1 be taken from' the
exterior third of the plate cro邸-section. Wherever
prac总.cable， the rol1ed surface shal1 be retained 0 1'\ two
opposite sides of the test pìece.
16. Tensile 棚t…(时The tensile strength of differ四t
grades of material sha l1 be with画出.e limits 哼町ifiedin
regula位.on 9(动.
(b)古\e upper yield point at room tem严rature shall
not be less 位tan50% of 也e specified minimum tensile
stren回飞 atroom 法mperature.
(c) The brea剖ng elonga位on in perc<柏tage shál1 be not
less 也.an
do = Original diameter of the
Ao = Original
plece.
cross偏section
round 惚st
piece.
of the rectangular test
Notes: C=1.9 for gauge lengths of 4 Ao or for test piece in
Appendix B,
(d) The minimum values of the stress at proof 1:恼也
Q.2% at elevated tempera饥ue (Et) may be calculated by
multiplying the minimum specified 烟也ile strength at
room temperature (民20) by the value of the ratio
(Et/ R20) given in table below:
Table- Minimum values for the ratio of the stress at
proof limit 0.2% at el程vated t难mperature (Et) to.
the minimum specified tensile streng也 at room
t告mperature 但20) or carbon Steel boiler pla脑
Tempera-
250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425
机ueoC
0.40 0.38 0.36 0.340.33 0.32 0.31 0.30
叩or temperature low告r than 3000 C any test required for
acceptanc苦 purposes (in the 在bsenc苦 of records of previous
test 民 these t苦mperatures) shall be at 300oC, 汹
i n which case
the proοof 嚣t饺ress shal1 be not 沁
1 es
臼s than value obtained by
calculation from 枝也1曹 s咛P荤cifi
缸
.ed minimum 惚
t!e邵u
出
e 仗
s tren
吨
1啄
gt也
h at
Et(民20
r∞ mt惚
empe
缸ra
拭tu
町rea
阳
nd 役出leð
油
hovep
严
3χro
∞
of.咄t勘
i沁
oofO.3
豁
6f，岛
or
川
30
∞
OOC
巳*
17. Number of tensile tèsts- (a) Plat础- For shell
plates, butt straps and plates, gusset plates，如d plates,
fumace plates and flan原主19 plates one tensile test piece
shal1 be cut from each plate as rol1ed.
(的 Angle， Te舍， Rivet and Stay bars…臼\e tensile test
shall be made from each 15 or part of 15 bars rolled of
eachs配位on or diameter from 也e same charge, but not
less 位tan two tensile tests shal1 be made 即由ss 在e total
number of bars rol1ed from 吐\e same charge is 8 or less
than 8 and the bars of 也.e same section or diameter，如
which case one tensile test shal1 suffice. For round bars
of 1-3/4 inches diameter and under, the numbers 50
and20 sha挺快 substituted for 15 and 8 respectively for
determining the number of tests re哇啦red.
Indian Boiler Regtllations
12
.
18. Dump test- Short lengths equal to twice theìr
diameter cut from 出e rivet bars shalt when cold, withstand without fracture being compressed to half their
len啄th. A dUI呻 test shall be made for each Tensile T臼t.
21. Manufadured rivets- 协 Quality of materialRivets shall be manuiactured from steel complying 叭队
the aforementioned requirement嚣。f this Chapter in
respect of rivet bars.
19. Bend test争……唰Cold bends- 刨 Test pieces shall be
sheared lengthwise or crosswìse from plate击。r bars,
and sha11 not be less than 1~ inch部 wide， but for 即将11
bars the whole sectìon may be used. For rivets ba黯
bend tests are not requìred.
(b) Tests-
(i) The rivet shanks shall be bent cold , and
hammered until two parts of the sartk touch,
without fracture on 在.e outside of 也.ebend.
(ii)ηle
rivet heads shall be flattened while h时，
without cracking at the edges until their diameter
is 21/ 2 times the diameter of the shax也.
伽) In all cold bend tests, on 黯血ples 0.5 inch in 出ickness
and above, the rough edge or arris caused by sh栩如g
may be removed by filling or grinding and 部mples 1
(c) Number of tests- Upto half per cent of rivets of
each size shall be selected by the In碍pector or Inspecting
Officer from bulk♂ for the above tests.
inch in thickness and above may have the edges
machined, but the test pi时es shall receive no 0役ler
prepara钱。n. 古\e test pieces shall not be ann制led UI由豁
出.e material from which they are cut is sìmilarly annealed
in which case the test piece shall be similarly and
simultaneously treated wi也 the material befo.出 testirig.
b
(c) (i) For bend test of plates of all grades of steel, the
tèst pì运!ce.snã1rWithstãI喝玩…Wíthölif Jiãdui'è;
being bent cold 血rough 180 around a 扭扭空空L
the radius of which shall have a relationship to
the plate thic检部s as giv四 below:
Tensile strength
Mandrel Raditls
36-49 kg./mm2
1T
1T
41-57 kg./mm2
1.5T
45-64 kg./mm2
where T = Plate thickn销量.
(ii) For cold beI世 test of section罢 and bars, the test
piece shall withstand, without. fracture, bein军
今如业坦SEru硝 the intemal radius is equal to
饺1挝 shown in Table under regulation 16 and the
limbs are para11el.
(d) For small sectional material these bend tests may be
made from the flattened bar.
(e)Bend tests
blows.
may 如emade
either by pressure or by
20. Number of bend t毒鼠萨叩 (a) Plates- A bend test
shall be taken from each plate 描 rolled. 世le bend tests
from shell plates, butt s校'apsand0也er plates which have
not to be flanged or worked in the fire or which wh栩如
use 旧哩 not 始 be exposed to flame shall be cold bend
tests.
(b) An gle Bars- A cold bend test shall be made from
bars rolled. Provided 血at the cold bend test
need not be carried out if basic materia1 平时ification
does not call for it.
each 我ngle
…(
22. j\ dditionaItest before rejection- Should the test
pieces first selected by the Inspector or Insp时tin在 Officer
not fulfil the test requirements, two further tèsts of 出e
same kind may be made, but should either of these fa迁，
也e platesor~barslromwhichtest pieceswere cutshall
be rejected. In all such cases further tests shaU be made
before any material from thesamecharge canbe accepted.
If the unsatisfactory result of a test is obviously due to
technical conditions of the testing method or to a closely
limited defect of a test piece，也部 the failure can be left
out of consideration in 出.e decision on 也e fulfilment of
the r吨uirement and another test piece may be
substi如ted.
If the unsatisfactory result of test is due to an
unfavourable heat treatment 也e plate and the test strip
may be heat treated ag挝n. Following 出is， the entire
test shall be repeated.
23. Branding- (i) Every plate, section and bar shall be
clearly and distinctly marked by the maker in two
places with the number of identification mark by which
they can be traced 怕也.echar军e from which the material
was made. As an altemative the rivet bars may be
bundle and tabbed t。但able the material to be traced
to the cast of steel from which they are made.
(ii) Every plate shall a 1so be stamped by the steel maker
2002. The following information shall
necessarily be provided :一
踹 provlded in IS:
1. 自ame of 由.e
manufacturer;
2. Specification;
3. He我t No.;
4. Plate No.; and
5. St部到p.
,
24. Defacing of r jected material- In the event to the
material failing in any case to wi出stand the prescribed
tests, the identification mark of the Inspecting Officer
which has been stamped on the material, shall be
defaced by punch marks extending beyond the
11ldian Boiler Regulatio1l5
identifìcation mark, in the form of a cross, thus deno出19
役\at 役le material has failed.
25. Faci1i ties for lnspection- The maker shall adopt a
system of making the ingots, billets, slabs, plates, bars, etc.
which will enable all finished material to be traced to the
original charge, and the Inspector or Inspecting Officer
shall be given every fadlity for tracing all plates and bars
to their respective charges, and for wi怕essing the required
tests. When he is 黯tisfied with the material and with 也e
results of the tests, he shall be fumished with two copies of
the advice notes of 桂le material for his signa饥rre.
26. 5teel not produced where rolled…Where steel is
not produced in the works at which it is rolled, a
certificate in Form IV or Form III心， as the case 黯aybe
shal1 be supplied to 出e Inspect如g Officer deputed to
witness the testing of the material stating the Open
Hearth or Electric Process or any of the Oxygen
Processes by which it was made, the name of the Steelmaker who supplied it, also the numbers of the charges
for reference to the books of the Steel-maker. The
number of the charge shall be marked on each plate or
bar for the purpose of identification.
27. Make r's c剖，tificate- Before the mill sheets are
singed, the maker shaH furnish the Inspecting Officer
with a certificáte in Form IV or Form III心， as the case
黯然y be guaranteeing 也at the material has been made
by 位le Open Hearth or an Electric Proce跳 acid or
b那ic， and tha t it has been su切机 ted to, and has
withstood satisfactorily the test above described in the
presence of the Inspecting Officer.
WROUGHT IRON 5TAY AND RIVET BAR5
28. Rivet bars- The tensile .breaking strength shall be
between 21 and 25 tons with an elongation of not less
than 25 per cent measured on the Standard Test Piece
B(部 rolled) or 30 per cent measured on the Standard
Test Piece B1 (as rolled).
29. Manufaclured rivet tests.…. To comply with
Regulation 21.
30. 5tay bars- The tensile b陀aking strength shall be
between 21 and 25 tons wi出 an elongation of not less
than 22 pe'r cent measured on the Standard T est Piece B
or 27 per cent measured on the StandardTest Piece B1.
31. 5tay bars-bend test
To comply with Regulation
19.
•-
32. 5pecial iron for screw stays for fire蝴boxes and
combustion chambe卧一 ln order that iron screw s切ys
may be approved of the same size as would be re气uired
for mild steel，也.e iron must withstand the following
tests:…
(a) Tensi1 e Tests- The tensileb控制ng stTε咱也
shall not be less 出an 21 y.l tons per s气ua
13
measured on the Standard Test Piece B or 30 per
the Standard Test Piece B\.
cεnt measur咽。n
(b) Bend T est… Test pieces either of the bar as
rolled , or turned down to 1 inch diameter, shall
stand bending cold until the sides are parallel
and the space between the two sides is not greater
than the diameter of the test piece.
(c) Number of tensile tests- The bars as rolled
shall be placed in batches of twenty, and one
tensile 始st shall be taken form each batch. If this
is unsatisfacto哼， two other bars shall be selected
for t辅仁 and should either of these fail the batch
shal1 be rejected.
•-
(d) Number of bend test
One ordinary bend te必
shall be taken from each batch, and a s出1ilar 憾t
piece from 倒也 batch shall be lightly and evenly
nicked on one side with a sharp cu饮ing t∞1 and
bent back at this point through an angle of 180
degrees by pressure or by a succession of light
blows. The fracture must be clean, fibrous, free
from slag or dirt or any coarse crystaline strllc饥lre.
If either of these is unsatisfactory, two other bars
shall be selected for t眠， and shollld either of
位ese fail the batch shall be rejected.
(e) In all cases 注le selection of the test pieces shall be
made by the Inspector or 也e
Inspectin荔 Officer二
COPPER PLATE5, 5TAY AND RIVET
BAI主S
33. Plates…创 Process- The copp盯 shall be firerefined or eletrolytic and hot-rolled from suitable crakes.
(b) Ch emical Composition- The chemicalωmpos让ion
of the plates shall be as follows :一
Per cent
Copper
Arsenic
Antirnony
Bismuth
Oxygen
99.2 minirnum
.30 to .50
0.05 maxirnum
0.05max加mm
O. lO m拟挝mm
(c) Freedom from def告cts一 τ始 plates shall be clean,
from defects and 也础 have a workman
like f如ish.τhey shall be thoroughly annealed.
sm∞th and free
(d) 议。 lling
margin- No plate shall be under the
at any part, not more than 5% over
the calculated weigh t. The scrap margin, partly sheared
and left attached, shall be not less than 3 inches at 出e
ends and 1y.l inches at each side.
spedfied 出ickness
{的 Tensile
tests- One tensile test shall be taken from
each plate as ro l1ed.
The tensile breaking streng钱， from Standard Test Piece
A, shall not be less 也an 14 tons 严万吨 in. wi血 an
elongation of not less than 35%.
14
Indian
(f) Hot and cold bend test-咄 One l:).ot (怡mperature
between 1200也F) and 14000 F one cold bend test shall be
taken from each platεas rolled.
For ei也就 hot or cold bend tests , the t建st piece shall
withstand being double <:i. over without fracture unti1
the sides are touching and parallel.
34. Stay and Rivet Bars{的 Proces扣-
To comply with Regulation
33 伺).
(b)Chemical composition- To comply wìth RegulatÌon 33 (b).
(d) Toleranc e- The ac讪al weight of each tube shall
not be more than 5% above the calculated weight.
Unless, otherwise specified, they shall be straight
cylindrical, or uniform 设úckness and external
diameter throughou t.
(e) Tensile tests- Tensile tests shall be made on
pieces of tubes or strips cut from the tube. If也e
tensile test is made on a piece of tube, the ultimate
tensile stress shall be not less than 14.50 tons
(32,480 lbs.) per s斗 in. with an elongation of not
less than 50 per cent of 2 in.
(c) Freedom from defects:- To comply with Regulation
33 (c).
If the tensile test is made on strip cut from the
tube, the ultimate tensile stress shall be not less
than 14 tons (31 ,3601bs.) per sq. 'in. wi也 m
elongation of not less 出an 40 per ce时 on a test
piece having a gaugehmgth of four t阳台5 the
square root of the area.
(d) Rol1i ng margin- The bars in any part shall not be
more than 1% over or more than 1/2% under the
specified diameter.
(e) Tensile test条… The materials shall have the tensile
properties shown in the following table:
TensÌ坦R~~I'些?挥更
Minimum tensile
strength lb. per sq. in.
Elongation, minimum per
cent in 2 in. g扭扭Jength.
(f) Bend
te刷一 To
The results obtained from a batch shallbe
uniform, and should a variation of more than
ι
Ullturned rod
(rods upto
H~ in. dill.)
γtmted
(rods ab∞g
1~ ill. dìa.)
32，400~
32,400
40
45
d臼fôñ节~2沓的问:河面岳母;社òeIoüna-be丽时1
rod
民
。)
comply with Regulation 33 (f).
(g) Dump tests- A piece of rod 1 in. long shall be
placed on end and hammered or crushed down coldto
a thickness of 3/8 in. without showing ei出er crack or
flaw on the circumference of the resulting disc鑫
any number of tubes 生est时I the batch shall be
liable to rej时tion. A batch shall not consìst of
more than 500 tubes.
Bulging or Drifting test… The test piece shall
stand bulging or drifting cold (see Diagrams 1
and 2 respectively) without ShOWll1g either crack
or flaw, until, the outsìde diameter of 出e bulged
or drifted and measures not less than 25 per cent
more than the original diameter of tube.
/
号。 Number of tests.一臼ìe bar, from
which the required
test specimer冶 shall be taken, shall be selected at random
from each batch of 50 (or part thereof) bars of each size
from each mel t. From each bar selected, one tensile
test, one cold bend test, one hot bend test and one
dump test shall be made.
COPPER, BRASS A到D STEEL TUBES
\、
DIAGRAMl
DIAGRA岛12
35. (1) Copper tubes…
(a) Process- The copper shall be fire~refined or
electrolytic and shall be made into tubes either
by the hot rolling or cold drawing proce部. The
tubes shall be finished by cold drawing.
(b) Chemical composition- To comply with
Regulation 33 (b).
(c) Freedom from defects.…- The finished tubεs， both
externally and internally shall be sound, clean,
smooth, well finished and free from surface
defects 但.1d longitudinal grooving, and the ends
must be clean and square.
Boiler~eglllatio1lS
也)
Flanging test- The test pìece sha l1 stand
flanging cold (see Diagram 3) without showing
either crack or flaw until the diameter of the
flange measures not less than 40 per cent more
than the orig如al diameter of the tube.
F
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 7 / / 7 7 7 7 -.A
i i
/ ZZ~.LLLLLL LZ 2' 2'2' 2' 2'2' /2' 2'2'2' λ
D lA GRA如13
lndian Boiler Regulations
小)
15
Flattening and doubling ov:er t，回←百恕阳tpi，仰
shalls恒鼠也e following 徐成 bo设立 cold and at a red
heat, without 也owù飞g either crack or flaw. 白ìe 楠t
piece 也llbeflat阳隙ddownun创位 in阳iorsurfa，αs
of the tube meet and 趴.en be double over on i恼lf，
that 始恼d through an angle of 180"阳凶京剧码
也e bend being at ri拚tan副部 tothedir创onofthe
leng也 of the tU悦
t士4二
Lh-斗】
-L与:)-
working margins shall be as follows :
On length :;:. 11/16 in.
On
thickness 求 half
the difference
between 佳旨
和andard Wire Gauge (S.W.G.) spedfied
next Standard Wire Gauge 出icker.
and the
on extema1 diameter :;:. 0.005 in.
(的 All testmateriaI-shall be
annealed before testing
扭
ands由
h叫
all cωO血呻
pl悖
y 毛叭
对电々.v汕
W
i 仙由阳
ef销
甜
01i吕10
叫
W
创
川
w
vi问
吨
n
gmech削
a
~
年『
在le
~
tests:….叩
手) BuIgi吨。r
Drifting Test- The test piece
shall stand bulging or drifting co1d (see
Diagrams 1 and 2 respectìvely) without
showing either crack or flaw , until the
diameter of the bulged or drifted end
measures not less than 25 per cent more
than 和e original diameter .of 出e tube;
j
DIAGRAM4
(i) Hydraulic test- Each tube shall be tested, before
the tubes are presented for 如spection by an
intemal hydraulic pressure of 750 lbs. per sq. in.
or by such intemal hydraulic pressure as may
have been specified by the Inspecting Au也ority
and 出e Inspector may re位~st 5 per cent or more
as he may deemnecessary.
/
\
DIAGRAMl
The tubes shall wi出stand the test without showing any signs òf weeping of evidence of defects.
G) Treatment of test specimen宰一 All test material,
if not already in an annealed condition, shall be
annealed before tes也可 and shall comply with
ihemechanical tests without further 挝at of
mechanical trea位nent.
DIAGRAM 2
(均 Flanging
test- The test piece shall stand
c .old (see Diagram 3) with.out
sh .owing either crack or flaw until the
diameter .of the flange measures n .ot less
出an 25 per cent more than the .original
diameter of the tube.
35. (2ìBrass Tubes…
flan在ing
(a) Composition- Brass for boiler tubes may be of
either 70/30 alloys or 2/1 as specified.
(b) Ch emical analysis- The tub部 shall consist of
an alloy copper 忍ìd zinc and shall contain:
P
70/30 alloy. Not less 出an 70 per cent of copper
and not more than a total of 0.75 per ce挝 of
materials other th部飞 copper and zinc.
2/1 alloy. Not less than 66.70 per cent of copp时
and not more than a total of 0.75 per cent of
materials other 出an copper and zinc.
白ìe manufacturer shall supply when requir唆dfree
of charge, a copy of his
部冶lysis""
/f/////////////1///////A
DIAGRAM3
争辩 Flattening and doubling over test…The
test piec建 shall stand the f .oll.owing test
when co1d with.out showing eithβr crack
.or flaw. The 毛est piece shall be flattened
downuntil 出e interi.or surfaces .of the 知be
meet and then be d .oubled .over on itse弦，
0
由at is, bent thr.ough an angle 180 (See
Diagram 4). The bend being at right ang1es
t.0 the dir机位.on .of the length .of the tube.
of the materlal.
(c) Freedom from defect&一百le tubes shall be dean,
smooth and free from surface defects' or
longitudinal grooving , both intemally and
extemally, and the ends shall be dean and square.
(d)
tubes shall be solid draWn
and shall be concentric within the working
margins for 出ickness given below. 币le tubes
shall be straight and unless otherwise ordered
they shall be 副form diameter throughout.
Tolerances…在le
works analysis ìs defined as the routine analy辛is taken by or
for the manufacturer in order to control the q出主ty of the materi在1.
G主主
-…J
•A
DIAGRAM4
lndian Boiler Regulations
16
(f)日ydraulic test- Each tube sha1l be tested, before
which shall conform in all respects with
the requirements herein specified.
the tubes are presented for 如spection， by an
intemal hydraulic pressure of 750 lbs. per sq. in.
or by such intemal hydraulic pressure as may
have been specified by the Im:pecting Authority
and the Inspector may r令test 5 per cent or more
邸 he may deem necessary.
{均 τhe se础巾ss
tubes confoìming td 0出er
national or intemational standards which
are 如\own to be commonly used as being
suitable. for use as boiler, superheater and
heat exchanger tubes can also be used with
the designations of the national or
international standards, provided such
materials are not specifica1ly prohibited by
也e regulations.
The tubes shall withstand the test without
showing any signs of weeping.
35. (3) Carbon Steel Tubes- Tubes of Carbon Steel for
boilers and superheaters subject to intemal 严部部re
sh必1 comply with thê requirement怒。fre那11碍。ns36to
42, 43 to 46 or 57 to 63, as the case may be.
COLD DRAWN SEAMLESS CA汉黯 ON STEI江
BOILER, SUPERHEATER AND 曰EAT
EXCHANGER TUBES FOR DESIGN 如fETAL
TE如fPERATURES r证OT EXCEEDING 454 0 C (850
0
(ili) While mak:ing tubes_ to other national/
ù飞去emationa1 s惚dards the allowable s悦S础
of the respective standards shall be strictly
followed w始le desi伊ing 也e tubes.
tb) Material
(i) The tubes sh公1 be seam1ess and manufactured from steel produced by an open
日
36. (a) General
hea时侃essoranyof 也~_o2'ygen
proc刷刷.
The sféelshâJJ. be 届lli挝lled.
(ii) The steel shall confo口n to the following
lùnits of chemical composition.
(i) These regulations cover both hot finished
and cold drawn seamless boiler ,
superheater and heat exchanger tubes,
CI王EMICAL
Grade
C
Mn
τA
0.06-0.18
τB
0.27max徘
TC
0.35max等
0.27-0.63
0.93max
0.29-1.06
COMPOSITION (%)
Si
0.25 max
0.10m如
0.10 min
5
P
0.035 max
0.035max
0.35 max
0.035 因ax
0.035max
0.035 max
等 For grade TB and
TC for each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbòn maximum, an increase of 0.06%
Manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.35%.
(c) Heat Treatment- Hot finished tubes need not
be heat ti:eated, cold drawn tubes shall be given
a 纽p:-s@s& annealing, a full anneal, or a
normalising. heat treatment after the final cold
finishing process.
Hot finished seamless tubes
101.6 and under
Over 101.6 to 190.5 ind.
Over 190.5 to 228.6 ind.
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
‘
0.38
0.38
0.38
1.6
oaoao
搭 ωmMM
03
0.8
1.2
臼 253
Cold finished seamless tubes
Under 25 .4
岛.4 to 38.1 ind.
Over 38.1 to 50.8 exd.
50.8 to 63.5 exd.
63 .5 to 76.2 exd.
76.2 to 101.6 ind.
Over 101.6 to 190.5 incl.
Over 190.5 to 228.6 incl.
0.4
0.4
0.4
1
(d) Workmanship and Tolerance- The tubes
shall be well finished , c1 eaned free froI在
harmful defects.τhey shall be reasonably
straight, smooth, cylindrical and subject to
the following tolerances. Fir让shed tubes shall
bè reasonably straight and have smooth ends
free of burrs. They shall have a workmanlike
finish. Surface imperfections like any
discontinuity or irregularity found in the tube
may be removed by grinding, provided that
smooth curved surface is maintain时， and the
wall thickness is not decreased to less than
that permitted. The outside diameter at the
point of grinding may be reduced by' the
amount so removed.
(i) Permissible variatiorts in outside diameter.
Outside Diameter (mm)
Permissible Permissible
variation
variation
under(mm)
over 份1m)
lndian Boiler Regulatiolts
17
(ii) Permissib1e variation in Wall Thickness in 严时邵阳g忍
Outside diameter (mm)
Wall thickness (mm)
Over 2.4 to
Over 3.8 to
3.8 incl.
4.6 incl.
Over
Under
Over
Under
2.4 and under
O ver
Under
Seamless Hot Finished tubes
10 1. 6 & under
40
Over 10 1. 6
0
35
35
O
O
O
O
33
33
Over 4.6
Over
Under
28
28
O
O
O
O
Seamless Cold Finished tubes
Over
Under
20
22
O
38.1 and under
Over 38.1
O
(iii) Permissible variations in length
Method of mamifacture
Outsidediameter (mm)
Cut length (mm)
Over
Under
Seamless hot finished
All sizes
5
0
Se amless cold finished
Under50.8
50.8 and over
3
5
O
O
,
Note: These permissíble vari在 tions in lengths apply to cut lengths up to and including 7.3 m. For lengths over 7.3
m, an addìtional over tolerance of 3πun for each 3 m or fraction thereof, shall be permissible, up to a
maximum of 13 mm. Length tolerances on the positive side other than sp告ci自 ed mayb告 mu如allyagreed.
A
37. (a) Test Specimens
(i) Test spec出lensrequired for flattening and
expanding/ flaring test specified in
regulations 38, 39 and 40 shal1 be taken
from the endsof finished 如bes prior to
upset创ng swaging, expanding or any other
fOrI双ing operations or being cut to length.
They sha且 besmo。由 on the ends and free
from burrs and flaws.
(ii) If desirable and practicable, tensile test rnay
be carried out on full section of the 饥lbe"s
up to the capacity of the testing machine. Ú
For large size tubes , the tensile test
specimen shall consist of strip cut
longitudinally from 佼恕机lbe and which is
Grade
(ilT )
temp挝a怡肥，
(b) Number of tests- The test specified in
regulations 38, 39 and 40 shall be made 011
minimum 2 tubes for 与 first 100 tubes and 1 per
100 or .part thereof for tubes over 100 numbers.
38. Tensile and Ha咄咄sstest.← ηle test specimen sha11
comply with the following requirements.ηle hardness
b:ist may be carried out on the wall cross sec泣。norona
flat on 出.e outside surface of.the tube sample.
% Elongation on
抒un
Tensile Strength
Mpa (kgJmm 2)
mm
GL=50mm
mm
λ在in.
Max.
180 (18 .5)
255 (26.1)
275 (28.2)
325 (33.1)
415 (42.2)
485 (49.3)
35
30
30
77
79
89
137
143
179
Yield Strength
(kg./mm 2)
丸tfpa
ABC
TTT
(出)
not straightened within the gauge length
and further heat treated.
If any test specimen shows flaws OI
defective machining it maybe discarded
and another specimen substituted.
All specimens shal1 be tested at room
Hardness HRB or HB
Note: For longitudinal strip tests a d号duction in percentage elongation 1.5% shall be made for each 0.8 mm decrèaSt
in wa l1 thickness under 8 mm from the minimum elongation value requiremenι
lndian Boiler Regulations
18
β
39. F1a阳ingte← A 附胁。f the tube not less 由四
豆豆mm in leng也 snal1 be flattened cold between two
paral1el flat surfaces to adistance between the plates
(H) as ca1culated by" 也e formula given below, wi校lout
showing any signof acrack or flaw.
H =(1 + e) 二
一
E + t/D
where t = specified 也ickness of tube (mm)
D. = specified Qutside diameter of 也etube
(mm)
e = a constant, as given below
e = 0.07 for Carbon steel with maximum
spec证ied. carbon 0.19% or greater
e 嚣 0.09 for Carbon steel with maximum
/'
specified carbon 0.18% or 1础s.
,
40. Expanding or Flaring 加← A
b
secti∞ of 阳 tube
25 t
P= 一一一
D
where P = testpressure
D= specified outside diameter of the tube
specified wall thickness of the tube
s 咄 stress which shall be taken as 40% of
也err由limum tensile strength at room
tempera饥ue.
(ü) Not withstanding any 在ing contained in the
above c1ause, the hydraulic 始st at 血.e maker's works
maybedis严部edwi血， pro杜ded 阳t the tubes are s由'ject
tonondes仗时tivetes出g by an appropriate method like
Ultr部onic or Eddy Current or Stray Flux t，部位\g.
SEAMLESS CARBON STEEL PIPES FOR HIGH
TEMPERATURE SERVICE FOR DESIGN METAL
T邵阳议ATURES NOT EXCEEDING 454 0 C (850 0 F)
appro对mately 1∞ mminlen圳lSha汪辜tand being flared
只
J飞 43. (~
with a tool having a 60 degree inc1uded angle until 和e 乙).
如beat 仕\emouthof 佼1e flare qasbeen expanded to the
General
(i) These
regula泣。ns
cover both hot finished
…percen臼gès gIven 1:jëlowλ画面ilfà副峪?一…………………~…副出old 拙灿 Sé甜ûéssëärbo刷刷lpìpes
吃3;ztATM;2:zzm4:ZRLZZt喻 ::ZZittfiz:
照quirements
0篇4
21
22.
25
30
39
51
0.3
68
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
/
41. Additional test before 叫 ec~ion.… (i) If ariy one or
more tests specified in 出esere伊lations fail, two further
/'
t部ts of 仕\e same 挝nd may be l:)1:ade on two other tubes
of the same batch. If any of these tes恒 fails，the batch of
the tubes representeq/may be given afurther heat
treatment and en飞ire-et d te丰t shall be re~eated.
{运}茸践e repe挝 tests are satisfactory 仕le tubes
shall be accepted.. If anY failure in the tests should
occur, the entire batch of 出e tubes shall be 叫ectèd.、
,
42. Hydraulic test- (i) Each tube shall be tested by ihe
manufacturer and sh a11withstand a hydraulic prωsure
to one and half 加les 也.e' design pressure subject to à
min恒mmof 1.∞ kg./m政\2， butnot 伊eater 出anpr'臼sure
calculated by the following formula,
(iii) Wh ile makir1g pipes to 0也盯 nationall
intemationals standards the a l1 0wable
stresses of the respective nation/
intemational standards shall be strictly
fol1owed while designing 出etubes.
(b) Material
(i) The pipes shall be seamless and
manufactured from steel produc时 byan
open hearth or electric process or any of
也e oxygen p四cesses. Thesteel shall be
fully killed.
(ii) The s惚el shàll èörìform 抬出e following
k芷ù恕。f chemical composi on
q.
chemical compositiOll %
Grade
PA
PB
PC
herein spec迁ied.
pipes confirming to 0出er
national/internationals standards which
are known 始 be commonly used as'being
suitable for high tempera始re service can
also be used wi白白.e designations， of 出e
nationa1 /intemational s祖nd缸缸， provided
such materials are not specifically
p:::ohibited by the regu1a悦。时，
(ii) 怔\e seru:口less
Si
5
P
。 .270.93
0.10 放市
0.29 1.06
0.29 1.06
0.10 min
0.10 rr由1
0.035 max
0.035 max
0.035 max
0.035 max
0.035 max
0.035 max
C
必1n
0.25 给 M献
0.3伊 Min
0.35玲 Max
of 0.01 % below th廷 specífied carbon'maximum, a:ti increase of 0.06% manganese above the 5如cífied
maximum wi1l be permitted up to a maximulIt"of 1.35%.
将 Fore在<;)1' re.duction
lndian Boiler R喀1I1atiolls
19
(b) }汪古at treatment… Hot finished pipes need not
be heat treated. Cold drawn pipes shall be given
a sub-critica飞 1 anneal , a full annea l, or a
normalising heat treatment after the final cold
finishing process.
(c) Workmanship and Tolerance一. The pipes sh.all
be wε11 finished , c1eaned free from harmful
defects. They shall be reasonably straight,
5在lO时h， cylindrïcaland subject to the following
tolerance. Pipes manufacturer shall explore a
sufficient number of visual inspections to provide
reasonable aSS l1 rance that they have been
propεrly evaluated.
(i) Permissible variations in outside diam挝er:
HOτFINISHED
AND COLD FINISHED
PIPES
SEA岛1LESS
Outside díameter
Permíssible variatiolls (mm)
Over
L1l1 der
0.79
0.40
O.γ9
0.79
(111111)
10.3 to 48.3 ind.
Over 48.3 to 114.3 ind.
(i)τest
specimen required for flattening and
expanding/ flaring test specified in
regulations 44(时， 44 (b) and 44(c) shall be
taken from ends of finished pipes prior to
upsetting, swaging, expanding or any other
forming operations or being Cl1t to length.
Th叮 shall be smooth on ends and fr回
from burrs and fl a'ws.
(ii) If desirable and practicable, tensile test may
be carried out on f,pll seçtion of the pipe up
to the capacity of the testing machine. For
large size pipes, the tensile test specimen
shall consist of strip cut longitudinally from
the pipe and which is not straightened
within the gauge length and further heat
treated.
(iii) If any test specimen shows flaws or
Over 114.3 to 219.1 ind.
1.59
0.79
defective machining it may be discarded
and another specimen substituted.
Over 219.1 to 457.0 incl.
2.38
0.79
(i v) All specimens shall be tested at room
Over 457.0 to 660.0 incI.
3.18
0.79
Over 660.0 t0864.0 incl.
3.97
0.79
Over 864.0 to 1219.0 ind.
4.76
0.79
(ii) Permissible variation in wall thickness:
The minimum wall thickI恕部 at any point
shall not be more than 12 .5% -under the
nominal wall th比如注ss specified.
(iii) Permissible variation in exact length:
Seamless Hot fìnished and Cold finíshed
pipes can be ordered in specified length or
Grade
PA
PB
PC
L~，
in random length. If ordered in specified
length, the tolerances for all si树s shall be
+6.0 mm/ -0.0 佼出1.
(d) Test Specimens
Yìeld Strength
MPa (kg/mm 2) mill
205 (2 1. 1)
240 (24.7)
275 (28.2)
For longitudinal strip test, the 放出让mum required
elong挝ion shall be dεtermined by the following
equatìon:
e 1942.57 (N.02/UO斗
where
e = minimum elongation in 50.8 mm , %
rounded to the nearest 0.5%.
A = cross sectional area of the tensile test
temperature.
(e) Number of tests- The tests specified in
regl1lations 44(吟，斜(b) and 44位) shall be made
on minimum 2 pipes for first 100 pipes and 1 per
100 or part thereof for pipes over 100 numbers.
44. (a) Tens i1 e test- Test pieces cut from the ends of
the selected pipes shall comply with the
following re年lÏrements. The tensile test may be
carried out on the test pieces cut out from the
pipe in the longitudinal direction whïch shall
not be further heat treated nor straightened
within the gal1ge length. As an altemative, pipes
may be tested on fltll cross section.
TC l1 sÎle Strength
MPa (时/IJIIU 2) lII Î Il
330 (33.1)
415 (42.2)
485 (49.3)
U 口
% Elongatio Jl 011
G. L.= 50 111111 milL
35
30
30
specimen in mmzbased on specified outside
diameter or nominal specimen width and
specified wall thickness rounded to 血e
nearest 6.45 mm2• If the 盯'ea thus calculated
is morεthan 484 mm2 then use area as 484
mm2• If the calculated area is less than 484
mm2 then use the actual area thus obtained.
specified tensile strength in Mpa.
Indian Boiler Regulations
20
。)
Bend test-:- For pipes of outside diameter60.3
m,m and under, a bend test shall be conducted.
A sufficient length of pipe shall stand being bent
cold 出rdugh 90 degree around a cylindrical
mandrel the diameter of which is 12 位nes the
nominal diameter of the pipe without
developing cracks.
(c) Flattening tèst
(i) For pipes of outside diameter over 60.3
mm, a flattening test shal1 be conducted. A
~section of the pipe <ñotJess than 63 mm in
leng由 shall be flattenedcold between two
parallel flat surfa:ces to a distance between
the plates (H) as calculated by the formula
givenbelow, without showing any sigt飞 of
a crack òr flaw.
H …
= (1 + e) t
e + t/D
where
t =.. specified ~cknessof~pipe ~(mm)
D 出 S严cifiedouts挝e diameter of 战 pipe(mm)
e = .a constant as given below
e = 0.07 for carbon steel with maximum
specif.ied carbon 0.19% or more
e = 0.09 for carbon steel with maximum
specified carbon 0.18% or le部.
。i) For pipe whose diameter equals or exceeds
254 mm, a bend test may be conducted
instead of the flattening test. The bend test
specimens shall be bent at room
temperature lhrough 180 degree without
crackingon 出ιoutside of the bentportiòn.
The inside di缸neter of the bend shall be 25
mm. 5ubstitution of the bend test fo芷 the
f1 attening test shall be subject to the
approval of purcha臼r.
(ûi) For pìpe whõ部 diameter exceeds 635 mm
and whose diameter to wall 出icknessra泣。
is 7.0 or less，由e bend test described in
dause (b) shall be conducted instead of the
flattening test.
45. Additional tests before rejection- If any one or
.moretests 叩ec出ed in these regulations fa丘， twofur出er
testsof the same kind may be made on two other pipes
of the same batch. If any of these te内 fails1 the batch of
the pipes represented may be given a further heat
treatment and entire set of tests shall be repeated.
If白e repeat tests are satisfactory thepipe shall be
accepted. If any failure in .the tests should occur the
entire batch of 也e pipes shall be 叫ected.
46. Hydraulic test..,- (i) Each pipe shall be tested by the
manufacturer and shall withstand a hydraulic pressure
l
l
l
‘
to one and half 加础和e design pressure, but not greater
pressure calculated by theformula given below~
In the absence of working pressure indicated in! 也e
Test Certificate then tñe test pressure indicated in 也e
Test Certificate divided by 1.5 sha11 be the maximum
working pressure.
P=25t/D
where
P = test prèssure
[) = specifïed outside diameter of the pipe
t = specified wall 出ickness of the pipe
S 口 stress which shall be taken as 40% of
出en由或mum tensile strength at room
也an
tempera饥rre.
(益)
Notwithstanding anything contained in the
above dause, the hydraulic test at the maker's
works may be dispensed with provided that 出e
pipes are subject to non destructive teshg by
an appropriate method like Ultrasonic or Eddy
Gurrentor.5t主ay~、t
缸
luxχj叫tes锐由ng. 盹肌~、
ALLOY
5TEEL BOILER, 5UPERHEATER AND HEAT
EXCHANGER TUBE5
47. General… (i)η\ese regulations cover both hof
finished and cold drawn seattÙess boiler，主uperheater
and heat exchanger tubes of ferritic and austenitic alloy
steel grades.η\ese shall conforín in all respects with
the requirements here让1 年ecified.
51黠~AMLl苞丑
~5
呜 51芽;南克R汉EτICANDAU5ττ哩ENITIC
(ii) The seamless tubes conforming
也
toυther
national/international standards which are
known to becoαunon1y used as being suitable
for use as boil盯 and superheater tubes can also
be used with the designations of the nationall
intemational standar缸， provided such materials .
are not specifically prohibited by the regulations.
(iii) While making tubes to other nationa l/
intemationals standards the allowable stresses
of the respective standard shall be strictly
followed while designing 出e tubes.
(iv) The design metal temperatures shall not exceed
出e fo l1owing limits:一
Temperature
Grade
oc
T1, T2
…
<
(OF)
537
(1000)
648
{12∞)
白，啊，.r11 1 T1 2, T泣， 1'91 , 12X IMo,
X2OCrMoV121 TP 304, TP 304日，
TP 304L, TP 3105, TP 316, TP 316日，
τ'p 316L， τ'p 321 ， τP 321日， TP 347,
1
TP34π王
Indian Boiler Reglllatio1lS
48.
21
C and for gradès TP304H and TP316日 s11a11
be 1040 degree C. If the P grade is hot
rò11ed反出e m i.rù mum solutiO~1 treatment for
grades TP32IH and τP347H sha11 be 1050
degree C and for grades 士P304H and
TP316日 shall be 1040 degree C.
(在}民1aterial
。 The
tubes shall be seamless and
manufact l1 red fr::>m steel produced by an
open hearth or elèctric pr时ess or any of
fhe oxygen processes. The steel sha11 be
fu11y killed.
{总)
The steel shallconform to the limits of
chemical compositions given in Ti\ bl 1
and 2.
•
(iii) The grain size of ∞ld worked grade TP
321H shall be No.7 or coarser.
(b) Heat treatment
(i) All tubes of gréldes inτable-1， except T 91,
12X1Mo and X20CrMoV121 sha11 be
reheated and fumished in fullannealed ,
isothermal ann础led or normalised and
tempered condition. If furnisheçl in the
normalised and tempered condition, 饺由飞e
i 口lpe
mi阳
n峙lUI吉叭1t後
er踉主双lpe丘ngt怡
'em
衍E宫.就u王r
旦
'e for Grades
T1 and T1 1 sha11 be 650 degree C and the
mini.rmun tempering temperature for Grades
T5, T9 é1 nd T22 sha11 be 675 Degree C.
(ii) Tubing of Grades T1, T2 and T1 2 eith挝 hot
finished or cold drawn, may be given a
finalheat treatment at 650 degree C to 730
degree C , instead of heat treatments
specified in sub-da l1 se (i) above,' at the
option of the manllfacture.
(iii) Grade T91 shall be normalised at 1040
degree C minimum and tempered at 730
degree C minimum as a finaI heat
treatmen t.
(iv) . Grade 12X1Mo shall be normalised at 950980 degree C and tempered at 720-750
degree C fo i: a period of 1 t03 hours.
(v) Grade X20CrMoV121 shaB be normalised
at 1020幡1070 degree C and tempered at
730翩780 degree C for a period of 1 hour
饺lffilml1 m.
(i) Permissible varìation in outside diameter:
FOR ALL GRAOES EXCEPT
12Xl如1oANO
χ20CrMoV121
Olltside diallleter (mm)
Permissible
Variatiolt (111m)
Over
tlmier
Hot finished Seamle部 tubes
101.6 ëlnd under
Ovcr 101.6 to 190.5 incl.
Over 190.5 to 228.6 incl.
Cold finished 'Seamless tubes
Under 25 .4
Over 25 .4 to 38.1ind.
Over 38.1 to 50.8 exd.
50.8 1:0 63 .5 exc1.
63.5 to 76.2 exc1.
76.2.to 101. 6 incl.
Over .1 01.6 to 190.5 ind.
Over 190.5 to 228.6 ind.
FOR
0.4
0.4
0.4
0;8
1.2
1. 6
0.10
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.38
0.64
1. 14
。剥 15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.38
0.38
0.38
GRAO主 12X1Mo
嗣
1
1
ρL
嗣1
阳
t
I
1
嗣
嗣
嗣
刷
阳，，、
I
1
1
1
1
Z忆而
，
AM 阳
内V 脚
ρLW
也，，
?npbzd.,&t I 'D cd
.饭
nν
.•
在
HJ
心
r
dan
dknu
>
叫F
旷
JdntT&mhJW
zdn)V
-me
M30O
.,,
30
1 d F-v .,,JHH
，，，.四町
Pennissíble
(wiAYPT
'v-O
，门…y
vd叩衍
Outside diameter (mm)
切
(vii) A11 H grades sha11 be furnished in the
solution treated condition. If cold working
is involved' in processing, the minimum
sol l1 tion trl?é1 ting temperatures for grades
TP321H andτP3是7H shall be 1100 degree
,,!
UVAO
山川
(vi) All austenitic tubes (Table 2) shall be
furnished in the heat tr可~ated condition.τhe
heat I:reatment procedure, except for the H
grades sha11 consist of heating'the material
to a minimum tempera-ture of 1040 degr恍
C and quenching 1n water or rapidly
cooling by other means.
(c) Workmanship and tolerance- The tubes 5ha11
bc well finished , c1 eaned free from harmful
defects. They sha 11 be reasonably straìght,
smooth , cylindrical and subject to the following
tolerances. Finished tubes shall be reasonably
straight and have smooth ends free of bllrrs.
τhey shall have a workmanlike finish. Surface
imperfections like qny discontinuity or
irr鸣ularìty found in the tube may be removed
by gri.nding, provided that a smooth cu主ved
surface is maintained , and the wa11 thicknessÌs
not decre sed to less than that permitted. 丁he
• outside diameter at the point of grinding may
be reduced by the amount so removed.
0.30
0.40
0.80'}{,
0.30
0.40
0.80')1"
22
Illdia l1
Boiler仲Regul~tiO;萨
FORGRAD军 X20Cr岛{oVl主1
Outsidξ diameter
/
(mm)
P'ermi然ible
Over
Hot 卢llished
1 ∞ and
Variatioll (111m)
Ul1der
Seamless tubes
0.75% (0.5 mm min)
0.75% (0.5 mm min)
0.60'XI (0.25 mm min)
0.75%
0.60'Yo (0.25 mm nùn)
0.75%
under
Cold 卢llishedseamless 幻 tbes
120 and under
Over 120
'(ii) Permissible 白riatlön in Wallτhickness:
FOR ALL
GI主ADES
EXCEPT 12XIMo AND X2 0CrMoV121
Outside diameter (mm)
Seamless Hot Finished
l /J1 da
O ver
L1Ilder
Wall thicklless % (mm)
Over 2.4 to
Over 3.8 to
3.8 Încl.
4.6 incl.
Over
Ulldl'1'
Over
Over 4.6
Ullder
Over
Ul1 der
。
28
28
O
tllb昭
101.6 & under
Over 101.6
S捕mless
2.4 al1d
40
0
O
35
…O
35
于十_3~.. 户
-û.… ---~.13
O
我……
Cold Fillished tubes
Over
20
22
38.1 and under
Over 38.1
Under
O
O
FOR GRADE
12Xl民tlo
Olltside diameter (mm)
Permissible VarÎatio1l %
Over
Under
Hot fillished Seamless Tubes
108 and under
Over 108
Cold FinÎshed Seamless Tubes
All si挝S
FOR GRADE
Ollt革ide
15
20
10
5
10
10
X20Cr民击。V121
diameter (mm)
Fcrmissible Variatioll 'M.
Over
Undcr
12.5
100 and under
10
(iii) Permisliible variation in length for exact length tubes.
μ~
Method
FO 汉 ALL GRAD翠S
ofn拟llufacture
EXCEPT 12XIMo AND X20CrMoV121
Olltside diamett厅. (mm)
ClI t lellgth (111m)
Under
Over
Seamless hot finished
All sizes
5
O
Seamless cold finished
Under 50.8
50.8 and over
3
5
O
O
Note: These permissìble variations inJengths apply to cut lengths upto and including 7.3 m. For lengths over 7.3
m, an additional over tolerance of 3 mm for each 3 m or fraction thereof, shall be permissible, upto a
maximum of 12 mm.
lndian Bo i1 er Regulations
23
FORGRAD军 12χ1Mo
Out side diameter (mm)
Length of tu岛'es (m)
Under 108
Under 9
9 to 12
All1engths
Permissible variation (mm)
Over
nunvnv
酬
5
hMnu
唱，品叫M
‘W同山'
108 and over
Under
FOR GRADE X20CrMoV121
Length of tube (m)
F ermissible Variation (mm)
6 and under
Over 6 to 12 ind.
(d) Test specimens
(i) ':(est specimens required for the flattening
and expandingl flaring test spec迁ied in
regulations 49(时，战争) and 4(c) shall be
takenfrom the ends of finished tubes prior
to upsetting, swagir鸣， expanding or any
other forming operatioI\s or be站在 cut to
length.ηley shall. be smooth on 出e ends
and free from buri's and flaws.
(均If des让able and practicable, tensile test m町
be carried out on full section of the tubes
upto the capacity of the testing machme.
For large size tubes , the tens i1e test
叩 ecimen shall consist of strip cut
longitudinally from 出.e tube and which is
not straightened within the gauge length
⑤ fur泣ler heat treated.
(iii) If any test specimen shows flaws or
defective machining it may be discarded
and another spec栩栩 substituted.
(iv) All specimens shall be tested at room
temperature.
(e) Number of tests- The tests specifi时 in
regula怪。ns49(啡， 49(b) and 49(c) shall be made
on minimum 2 tubes for first 100 and 1 per 100
or part thereof for tubes over 100 numbers.
49. (a) Tensile and hardness tests- The te悦 spec出m
shall comply wi鼠也.e requ让ements as given in
Table 3. The hardness test may be carried out on
the wall cross section or on a fl挝 on 出.eo时茹ide
surface of the tube s但nple.
(b) Flattening test- A section of the tube not less
than 63 mm in length shall be flattened cold
between two parallel 日at surfaces to a distance
between the plates (H) as ca1culatedby the
formula given below, without showing any sign
of a crack of flaw.
H= 旦旦)
F
t
e + t/D
Over
Under
10
15
O
G
where
t = specifi刨出icknessof túbe (mm)
D = specified outside diameter of the 饥lbe
(mm)
e = a constant, as given below
e = 0.08 for ferriticyalloy steel
e = 0.09 for austenitic steel.
(c) Expanding or f1 aring test- A section of the
饥lbeappro对mately 100 mm in leng出 shallstand
being flared with a tool having a 60 degree
induded angle until 在e tube at the mou出 of 也e
flare has been expanded 抬出e percentages given
below, without cracking.
Ra tio of insíde diameter
t o outside
diameter
。锺9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
Mínimumexpansion of
i nside diameter %
21
22
25
30
39
51
68
50. Additional tests before rejection-一(斗If anyoI恕 or
morete如 specified in 毕.ese re伊:柑onsfai1， tw。如时\er
testsof 仕le 锦me
kind may be made on nγ00也.ertubesof
same batch. If any of these tests f，巾，位le batch of 创
tubes 出严部ented may be giv部 afur出.er heat treatment
anden位e set of ti臼ts shall be repeated.
白.e
位)
If the repeat tests are satisfactory 吐le tubes shall
be accepted. If any failure .in the tes始 should
occur the entire batch of 设le tubes shall be
r锵cted.
51. Hydrau1ic test一切 Each tube shall be tested by 位e
manufacturer and shall withstand a hydraulic pressure
to one and a half time the design pressure subject to a
2.4
bldiall Boiler Regulatiolls
γ
minimum of1u.loaotekdgbUyatyhye泞f，obilltotwnoutggfroeagtze11r1:t加
han
pressure calc
P =2 St/D
where
p 嚣 test pressure
D;: spedfied out side diameter of the tllbe
t 嚣 specified wall thickness of the tube
S 嚣 stress which sha11 be taken as 40% of
the minimum tensile strength at room
temperature.
(ii) Notwithstanding anything contained in t,he
above dause, tlW hydraulic test at the :inake内
works may be dispensed with, provided that
the tllbes élre sllbject to non destructive testil1g
by an appropriate method like Ultrasonic or
Eddy current or Stray Flux testing.
TABL琶 1
‘ CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FERRIτIC STEELS
Grade
T1
Chernical composition %
'C
. 0.10
。.20
T2
T5
τ9--
τ11
Tl 2.
T22
T91
12X1
Mo
X20
CrMoV
121
Mn
Si
S
p
0.30
0.80
0.10
0.50
0.10
0.30
0.025
.max
0.025
0.025
破\ax
。戴 50
0.025
max
0.025
max
0.025
max
0.025
max
0.025
max
0.010
max
max
0.025
max
0.025
。‘30
0.10
0.20
0.15
max
0.15max
0.05
0.15
0.05
0.15
0.05
0.15
0.08
0.12
0.61
0.30
0.60
0.30
0.60
0.30
0.60
0.30
0.61
0.30
0.60
0.30
0.60 .
0.10
0.15
0.17
0.23
0.40
0.70
1.00
max
max
0.25
1.00
0.50
1.∞
0.50
max
0.50
max
0.20
0.50
0.17
0.50
0.025
max
0.030
n飞ax
放\ax
。.37
Cr
沈\ax
0.0却
0.50
0.81
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.0
1.00
1.50
0.80
1. 25
1. 90
2.60
Mo
/ 0.44
0.65
0.44
0.65
0.025
max
0.025
max
0.025
max
0.020
max
9 ‘ 50
0.025
max
0.03
max
0.90
1:20\
10.0
1. 2.5
0.25
0.35
0.80
1.20
8.∞
Ni
Other Elements
。‘45
0.65
0.90
1.10
0.44
0.65
0.44
0.65
U.87
1. 13
0.85
1.05
法\ax
V
0.18
0.25
0.15
0.30
0.25
。.35
=0.030 - 0.70
=0.40 凯ax
Al 出 0.04 max
Cu =0.20 max
N
Ni
0.25
max
0.30
0.80
TABL罩、 2
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS OF AUSTENτIC STEEL
Grade
TP304 .
τP304到
TP304L
TP310S
C
Mn
Si
S
0.08
max
0.04
0.10
0.035
max
0.08
max
2.00
max
2.00
0.75
红\ax
α\ax
放飞ax
2.00
max
2.00
0.75
max
0.75
max
0.030
max
0.030
max
0.030
max
0.030
max
双\ax
0.75
Chernical compositiol1 %
P
Cr
Mo
。缰 40
max
0.040
max
。‘040
max
0.045
max
18.0
20.0
18.0
20.0
18.0
20.0
24.0
26.0
V
Ni
Other Elemellts
8.00
11.0
8.00
11.0
8.∞
13.∞
0.75
max
19.0
22.0
(Colltd..:)
lndían Boiler Regulations
25
Grade
τP316
C
Mn
Si
S
0.08
2.00
max
2.00
0.75
16 雀。
0.75
max
0.030
max
0.030
max
。 .040
仅\ax
max
0.040
max
18.0
16.0
18.0
。‘75
0.030
0.040
口\ax
眩lax
0.030
0.040
max
16.0
18.0
17.0
20.0
17.0
20.0
17.0
20.0
17.0
20.0
夜\ax
TP316日
TP316L
TP321
TP321日
τP34γ
TP347江
C/l(!l1I ical composition %
p
Cr
九10
。鑫 040
0.10
0.10
0.035
max
0.08
max
0.04
0.10
0.08
max
0.04
0.10
区\ax
2.00
max
2.00
max
2.00
max
2.00
max
2.00
max
max
0.75
max
0.75
n飞ax
。 .040
口l é1 X
0.030
max
0.030
max
。雹 75
。雹 030
。 .040
政'tax
max
自lax
应\ax
0.75
max
0.040
口\ax
γ
Ni
2.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
11.0
14.0
11.0
14.0
2.00
3.00
10.0
15.0
Ot/ler Eleme /t ts
5xC min
13.0
0.6011飞ax
13.0
4xC min
0.60 max
900iM心= 10xC mþ1
13.0 I
1.00 max
900) 陆 +τa =8xC min
13.00
1.00 max
,
TABLE 3
MECHANICAL
Grade
T1
T2
T5
T9
士11
T1 2
T22
T91
12X1如10
Yield Stre /1gth
Mpa (kg./mm 2)
ml1l
205
205
205
205
(21.1)
(21.1)
(21.1)
(21.1)
205
220
220
415
274
(21.1)
(22 .5)
(21.1)
(42.2)
(28.0)
P汉OPERTY
Tellsile Streng t11
Mpa (，地./mm 1)
mm
380
415
415
415
415
4]5
(38.7)
(42.2)
(42.2)
(42.2)
(42.2)
(42.2)
415 (42.2)
585 (59.6)
{
:川5 叫
REQUIREMENTS
% Elo l1gation 011.
GL = 50mm
Hardlless
1/lII/玲
HRB Max.
I-l B 儿1ax.
30
30
30
80
85
85
89
85
146
163
163
179
163
163
163
250
163
30
30
30
30
20
21
85
85
85
25 日 Rζ
637 (65.0)
490 (50.0)
MoV121
TP304
TP304H
士P304L
TP310S
τP316
TP316日
TP316L.
TP321
TP321H
TP347
TP347日
将GL 出 5.65"50
(690004))
17
25 日 RC
250
515 (52.5)
515 (52 .5)
485 (49 .5)
515 (52.5)
515 (52.5)
515 (52 .5)
485 (49 .5)
515 (52 .5)
515 (52 .5)
515 (52.5)
515 (52.5)
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
192
192
192
192
192
192
192
192
192
192
192
840 (85.7)
205 (21.1)
205 (21.1)
170 (1 7.3)
205 (21.1)
205 (21.1)
205 (21.1)
170 (17 .3)
205 (21.1)
205 (21.1)
205 (21.1)
205 (21.1)
26
rlndiatt Boíler Reglllations
SEAMLESS
FEI主RITlC
PIPES FOR HIGH
SERVICE
52. General… (i)η\ese regulations cover both hot
finished and cold drawn sea黯less pipes of ferritic alloy
steel grades. These shall conform 坦 all respects with
血e requirements herein specified.
(ii) The seamless pipes conforming to other
nationa1/ international standards which are
knowr飞 to be common1y used as being suitable
for high temperature service can a1so be used
with the designations of the national/
intemational standards, provided such materia1s
are not specifically prohibited by the re伊1ations.
(iii) While making pipes to other national/
intemational standards 出.e allowable stresses of
也e respective standard sha11be stric t1 y followed
while designing the tubes.
(iv) The design metal temperatures sha11not exceed
一一 the follow问g_!i:tl\!ts
(ili) Grades P91 shallbe normalised at 1040
degree C minimum ari.d tempered at.730
degreemiI由num as a fin a1 heat treatment.
(iv) Grades X2 0CrMo V1~1 shall be normalised ,
at 1020 - 1070 degree C and tempered 时'
730 - 780 degree C for a period of one hour
mmunum. r
TEMPEI支ATURE
P1 , P2
P5, P9, P11 , P12, P22,
P91 , X2 0CrMoV121
陈 (a)
537
(1000)
648
(1200).
Material
。 The
pipes shall be seamless and
manufactured from steel produced by an
open hearth or electric process or any of
the Oxygen processes. 在\e steel sha在 be
be well finished, c1eaned free from -harmful
defects.They shall be reasonably straight,
sm∞放飞， cylindrical and subject to the following
tolerances. Pipes manufacturer shall explore a
sufficie挝number of visu中nspections to provide
reasonable assuranc e- that they have been
proper1y evaluated.
(i) Permissible variation in outside di恕我eter.
FOR ALL GRADES EXCEPT X20CrMoV12主
!
Hot finished and Cold firiished Seamless pipes
Olltside diameter (mm)
Permissible Variations 仰而
o-co12
mM
U1tder
…
475qu
10.3 to 48.3 inc1.
0.79
Over 48.3 to 114.3 inc1.
0.79
Over 114.3 to 219.1 inc1.
0.79
Over 219.1 to 457.0 inc1.
0.79
Over 457.。如 660.0 inc1.
3.18
0.79
3.97
Over 660.0 to 864.0 inc1.
0.79
0ver 864.0 to 1219.0 ind.
4.76
0.79
FOR GRADE X20 Cr岛1oV12主
fully 际lled.
〈总)
Over 100 to 320 incl.
Over 320
{豆)
0.90%
1.00%
-空出
Permi蚓ble
12 .5
15.0
··一
M
Over 100 to 320 incl.
Over320
问一
Permissible variations 讪 wall 也ic挝less:
For a11 grades, except X2民主MoV121
白\e minimum wal1 thickness at anypoint shail
notbemo挖出an 12.5% under the nomina1 w a11
thickness spec出ed.
FOR GRADE X20Cr如loV121
Outside diameter (mm)
(iii)
0.90%
1.00%
阳一阳
The steel conform to the limits of chemical
composition as given in table也
(b) Heat treatment
(i) All pipes of grades in table-1 except P91
and X20CrMoV121 shall be reheated and
furnished 坦 fulI annealed, isothermal
annealed or normalised and tempered
condition. If furnished 坦白e normalised
and tempered condition, the minimum
temperiI啄 temper在turefor grade P1，践，
P11 and P12 shal1 be 650 degree C and the
minimum tempering temperature for
grades P5 , P9 and P22 shaIl be 675
degree C.
(ii) Pipes of grades P1 , P2 and P12 either hot
finished or. cold drawn may be given a
final heat treat血.ent at 650 degree C to 705
degree C , instead of heat treatment
specified in sub-c1ause (i) above at the
option of the rnanufacturer.
W川…G988
T'emperatllre
D喀ree C
(Degree F)
Grade
(c) Workmanship and tolerance… The pipes shall
12.5
12.5
variationin leng出:
Seamless Hot finished and Cold finished pipes
can be ordered in specified length or in random
length. If ordered in sp创ified lE.mgth, the
toler臼ce shal1 be as follows :
lndian Boi/ er Regulations
27
For Hot finished and Cold finished pipes
飞
-Jιw
zg'蝇
'
、
f
'm
一
锣'­
em一
ρa白
w
U
々Mmρ·
曾
nununu
=(1 +的t/{e + (t/D))
t 出 specified thic阳\ess
e 口
for pipe (mm)
diameter of the pipe
(mm)
a constant, 0.08 for ferritic alloy steel.
(ii) 罗or pipe whose diameter equals
or exceeds
254 mm, a bend 讼st may be conducted
instead of the flattening tes t. The bend test
specimens shall be bent at room
temperature through 180 degree C without
cracking on the outside of the bent portion.
The inside diameter of the bend shall be 25
mm. Substitution of the bend test for the
flattening test shall be subject to th e-approval of the purchaser.
(iii) For pipes whose diameter exceed 635 mm
and whose diameter to wall 也ickness ratio
is 7.0 or less, the bend test described in
clause (b) shall 如e conducted instead of the
flattening test.
(e) Number of tests
The tests specified in regulations
(i) For pipes of outside diameter over 60.3
mm a flattening test shall be conducted. A
section of the pipe not less than 63 mm is
length shall be flattened cold between two
parallel flat surfaces to a distance between
'305
4t1&-A
p 口 specified outside
(iv) All specimens shall be tested at room
temperature.
(c) Fl attening test
,
where,
(iii) If any test specimen shows flaws or
defective machining it may be discarded
and another specimen substituted.
Bend test- For pipes of outside diameter 60.3
mm and under, a bend test shall be conducted.
A sufficient length of pipe shall stand being bent
cold 仕lrough 90 around a cylindrical mandret
the diameter of which is 12 times the nominal
di但neter of the pipe, without developing cracks.
问工
H
(ii) If desirable and 严acticable， tensile test may
be carried out on full section of 出e pipe
upto the capacity of 出e 饺然ing mac报双e.
For large size pipes 出e tensile test spec加m
shallcons埠。f strip cut longitudinally from
the pipe and which is not straightened
wi出in the ga~ge length and fur出er heat
treated.
54. (a) T ensi1e test- The test specimen shall comply
with 泣le re气uirements given in the table 5.
4
the plates (H) as calculated by the formula
given below, withoùt showing any sign of
a crack or flaw.
(i) Test specimensrequired for flattening and
expandirtg/ flaring test specified in
regulations 54(时， 54 (b) and 54(c) sh a11 be
taken from ends of finished pipes prior to
upset出屯， swaging, expanding or any other
forming operations or being cut to length.
They shalI be smooth on ends and free
from burrs and flaws.
54(剖I 54 (b)
and 54(c) shall be made on minimum 2 pipes for
f让st 100 pipes and 1 per 100 part thereof for
pipes over 100 numbers.
iMi
;"CEnun- ,,,-1-o-n-m-w
n?""
伶… r
Alllength
6 and under
Over 6 to 12 加d.
秽，"
atw
响
All gri副部 except X20CrMoV121
For grade
X20CrMoV121
灿灿一。
Length (m)
(d) Test specimen
(b)
纱'‘叩
Grade
55. Additional t廷sts before rejection- (i) If any one or
more tests specified 站在esere伊:我悦。王飞sfa过I two further
tests of the same kind may be made on two other pipes
of the same batch. If aIi.y of these tests fails , the batch of
the pipes represe去ted may be given a further heat
. treatment and entire set of tests shal1 be repeated.
{让)
If the repeat tests are satisfactory, the pipes shall
be accepted. If any failure in the tests should
occur the entire batch of the pipes shall be
rejected.
56. Hydraulic test- (i) Each pipe shall be tested by the
manufacturer and shall withstand a hydraulic pressure
to one and half times the design pressure but not greater
出an pressure calculated by the following formu1a given
below. In the absence of working pressure is indicat挝
in the Test Cer位ficate then the tested pressure indicated
in 也e Test Certificate divided by 1.5 shall be 践e
max垃mm working pressure.
28
lndían Boiler RegullltiollS
p 嚣 2 S t/ d
where
P = test pressure
D=精 specified outside diameter of the pipe
t = specified wall thic挝less of the pipe
S = strcss which shallbe takenas 40%,ofthe mìnimllm tensi1e strength at r∞原始nperature.
(ii) Notwithstanding anything contained in the
above clause, the hydraulic test at the makèr's
works may be dispensed with providedthat the
pipes are subject to non des~ructive testing by
an appropriate method like Ultrasonic or Eddy
current or stray flux testing.
TAßLE 唰 4
CHEMICAL
REQUIREM军NTS
Grade
FERI是ITIC
STEELS
Chel11 ical cmnposítioll '1<,
P1
P2
P5
Si
S
P
0.10
0.025
max
0.025
.0.10
0.30
0.025
0.025
max
。.81
。鑫 50
0.025
max
0.025
4.∞
C
占111
0.10
0.20
0.80
。.50
0.10
0.20
。.30
0.61
0.30
0.60
口lax
。‘30
0.15
口lax
?年一p9
FOR
红\ax
←-Ð:1.5 ……← O;SEt-一~5~----0.二025 …
ma).
Pll
P12
P22
P9 1
0.60
.0.30
0.025
1.00
盯\ax
红\ax
V
0.50
0.44
0.65
0.45
6.00
0.65
'8;00 .. -0.90
10.0
1. 10
一?
、 0.60
0.50
1. 00
0.025
max
0.025
max
1.00
1.50
0.44
0.65
0.05
0.15
0.30
0.61
0.50
max
0.025
口lax
0.025
max
0.80
1. 25
0.44
0.65
0.05
0.15
0.30
0.60
0.50
0.025
max
0.025
max
1.90
2.60
0.87
仅\ax
0.08
0.12
0.30
0.60
0.20
0.50
0.010
max
0.020
max
8 鑫 00
. 9.S0
0.85
1. 05
0.18
0.25
0.030
max
12.5
0.80
1.20
0.25
0.35
10.23
1.00
0.50
0.03
α\ax
放\ax
口lax
Other Ele111ωlts
Ni
0.44
0.65
红\ax
夜\ax
必10
0.05
0..15
。‘ 17
X20Cr
MoV121
Cr
10雀。
工 .13
一
N
Ni
Al
=0.030 - 0.70
=0.40 max
=0.04 max
0.30
0.80
TABL萃 -s
MECHANICAL
Grade
Yicld Strel哝th
(kg/111111 2) min
九1pa
PROPE汉τYREQUIRE如IENTS
Tellsile Strmgth
Mpa (kg/nm1 2) 1I1 in
切， Et01飞gatioll 011
GL
=50 nun 污III俨
P1
205 (21. 1)
380 (38.7)
30
P2
205 (21.1)
380 (38.7)
30
P5
205 (2 1.1)
415 (42.2)
30
P9
205 (21.1)
415 (42.2)
30
Pll
P12
205 (2 1.1)
415 (42.2)
30
220 (22.5)
415 (42.2)
30
P22
415
(是2.2)
P91
205 (2 1. 1)
415 (42.2)
585 (59.8)
χ20CrMoV121
490 (50.0)
l 例 σ04)|
30
20
17
840 (85.6)
路GL
=5.65../:反)"
lndian Boiler Regulations
29
56A. Seamless Chromium-Molybdenum Steel Boiler
and Superheater Tubes for design metal temperatures
not exceeding 如俨 C (1 070 0 日…件 General…The
provisions of 泣ùsregula位on apply to bo和 Hot Finished
and Cold Drawn Seamless Boiler and Superheated
Tubes which shall conform in 可 a11 respects with the
requirements herein spec证ied.
(ü) Material…世le tubes shall be manufactured frorn
steel produced by the Open Hearth or Electric Proéess
or any of the Oxygen Process and shall conforrn to 由e
fo l1owing limits of chernic a1 composition :
0.15% rnax挝1urn
0.30 to 0.70%
0.1 to 0.50%
0.04% max垃1urn
0.04% rnax协urn
篝1.90 to 2.6%
0β7 to 1.2%
Carbon
Mangar飞.ese
Sillcon
Pho年horus
Sulphur
Chromiurn
Molybdenum
iηle
steel rnaker shall prove to the satisfaction of the
Inspecting Au出ority that the quality of the steel is of
the required high ternperature creep strength.
(ili) Heat treatment- The 如bes shal1 be fullyannealed
or norrna1ised and tempered, at a ternperature approved
by 在.e Inspec出19Au注lori与人
(iv) Workmanship and tolerance… τhe tubes sha11 be
wel1 finished, clean and free frorn har纹lful defects. 在1ey
sha11 be reasonable straight, srnooth cylindrical and
subject to the following tolerances before bending:一
(a) Diameter- The extemal diarneter of the tubes
rneasured at any point shall be within the
following tolerarlces 证 the diarn!'!ter specified:__
Type of γUbe
Hot finished
within the following tolerances :
Type of Tube
Outside Diameter of 川 be
Tolerance
Hot finished
Upto and induding
64mm(2W')
+ 171h%
Over 64 mm (21h")
+ 15%
-5%
+10%
-5%
Cold drawn
P叶lere
All sizes
·罚是%
the ends of the tubes are swelled or
reduced, the thickness at the ends rnay be
The test rnay be carried out on te器t pieces cut out frorn
the tube in the longitudinal direction which shall not
be further heat-treated nor straightened within the
gauge length. As an alternative , tubes rnay be test廷don
full cross-阳性ion.
l
hmku
zjg nnn
给Elongation on
Kind of Steel
aTee
,,?
句
(b) Thicknes s- The thickness of the tubes shall be
(vi) Tensile test- Test pieces cut frorn the end of 也e
selected tubes shall cornply with the following
requirernents:
UO
-1%
tre拭时 aft缸 selection.
oom
今 1%
at his own expense extra tube at the rate of 2 per cent of
each diarneter and 血ickness of 如be specified and the
Inspec悦ng Officer sha11select for test such of 仕le tubesas
he rnay think proper to 仕le extent of 仕le percentage
rnentioned. Should 也.e nurnber of tubes spec证iedof any
one nornina1 size exceed 4∞1， thenψfoÌ' every 100 tubes or
partthereofabove 也atnurnb时'， oneaddi柱。nal tube shall
be provided. 在\e s缸nples for tes撒19 sha11 not be heat
WMμam
Al I sìzes
and56A
(vi盼， inba时础。fnotrnore 也an1∞ of 位"根lenorn坦al
diarne饺rand 白ickness. The rnanufacturer shall provide
宫
Cold drawn
a∞:ordancewi也Regulatio部 56A(吟， 56;飞行总)
幻
-1%
付 Selection of tubes for testing.… After heat-trea怯1ent，
也e tubes sha11 be presented for rn配h缸ùcal tes位宅 in
刷刷刷
WAμ
今 1%
Upto and including 9 rneters (30 ft.) 3 rnrn. (1 月")
Over 9 mete自 (30 ft.)
6 rnrn. (1/4")
HmM
汀耐 -nt唱
Over 64 mm (2 1/2 in.)
Tolerance
+ 0.4 (1/64")
-0.8 mm
(1/32")
(c) Length… The tubes shall be not less th抽出e
norninallength, but rnay exceed it by the arnount
given below:
川了mmF
Hot finished
Outside Diameter ofTube
Upto and including
64 mm (2 1/2 in.)
decreased below or increased above the norninal
由ickness of the tubes by an arnount in propor岳m
to 位e percentage of such swelling or reduction
and，如 addition to 也is allowance, the tolerances
rela出19 to 也ickness shaU also apply. Swelling
or reduction shal1 be carried out befo指出eheat­
trea阳1ent specified in Regulation 56A (记).
Chromium-Molybdenum Steel
39
25
协Note: Lo::: Original gauge length;
do::: Origina1 diameter;
A::: Original area of cross幽section.
Lo=5door
Lo = 5.65 氓。
% minimum
20
(vii) Flattening test… A ring not less than 51 rnrn (2
incl飞船) in length cut frorn one end of each selected tube
shall be flattened between two parallel flat surfaces,
the width of which sha11 be not less than 11h tirnes 位e
diarneter of the 汩汩. When the pressure is released,
校1e interior surfaces of the test pieces (at th.εmiddle)
shall rerna如 at a distance apart of not rnore than thre告
times the specified 泣ùckne部 of 血.e tubes and the test
piece shall then show no 茄ign of crack or flaw.
30
Indian Boiler
F1attening test carried out in accordance with any other
standard code may be accepted in which ca部，吐\eCode
adopted shall be specified.
(viii) Expanding test- The tubes shall withstand
expanding by a drift expander having a total included
angle of between 400 and 600 (200 and 300 per side) to
出e following increases in external diameter wi役\out
showing crack or flaw:
m -m
ρ』
abQM r‘ ZjTU'E
A
蝇W
p-
3 m.m. (0.128") and 出 inner
Thicker than 3 mm. (0.128")
upto and including 5 m.m.但 .92")
刊icker than 5 m.m. (0.92")
Increase in Diameter %
12lh
9lh
6lh
如 anyon怠。r more of the 怡sts specified 拍 clauses (vi),
仙i) and (vili) two 如时\er tes怡 of 也.e same kind may be
made 挝也e option of the manufacture from two
additiónal selec始d test tubes. If伽e repe眼讼sts are
satisfactory，由.e
tubes shall be acc叩总dprovided 注\atin
a11 other respects 也ey fu1日出e conditions of these
Regulat始时. Should either of the tubes fail in any 棚t， the
batch of tubes represen怡dmay be re-heat-tre饿时 in
accordance wi也放\e clause (盼 and 也en reωtested in
accordance wi出 claus臼 (vi)， (性i)and 何动 but 创口plo庐ng
twicethe number of test pieces.
If 份\e second repeat tests are satisfactory，也e tubes
shall be accepted provided 伽at in a11 oth.errespects
价\eyfu出:由.e conditions of this standard; but if definite
defects are again shown, the batch of tubes which the
t部t pieces represent shall be r寻ected.
(x) Ea出 tube shall be tested at the Maker's works and
shallwi也stand a hydraulic pressure of llh times 出e
design pressure, subject to a minimum of 70 kg./吨­
cm2 在∞ o lbs. per sq. inch).
(xi) Notwithstanding anything contained in subre事llation (吟，设\e hydraulic test for tubes in maker's
premises shall be dispensed with by the Inspec拉19
Authority provided that 也.e tubes are sU均ect to no阶
destructive testing by an appropriate method like
ultrasonic or / and Eddy current 讼st如各
主LEcrRIC喃RESISTANCE斗、7ELDED STEEL
BOILER AND SUPERI王EATER TUBES FOR
DESIG民 METAL TEMPEI主ATURESNOT
EXCEEDING 454 (850 日
57. General… (a) These regulations cover electrically
welded tubes made of steel and intended for boiler,
super h制ter and heat exchanger.
0
0
(b) Manufacture一在le tube shall be made by electric
resistance welding' and heat treated as per 注\e table
given below. In ca捕。f cold finished tubes the heat
treatment shall be done after the final cold finishing
process.
T
mf feat Treattnerif
…
w
到ormalized* or sub-critically
，
叫
a
(以) Additional tests before 叫 ection- Should a tube
æl时tedfor她也gpurpo即如wne创te啕nsu纣a姑ure
58. Material- (a) Tubes shallbe manufactured from
or electric process or
any of the oxygen processes.
s始el produced by an open he盯血，
G 一
s严C捕时.
(b)宵le welded tubes conforming to other natiofta1情
international standard which are known 'to be
commonly used 部 being suitable for u四 as bo过.er，
superheater and heatexchange tubes can also be used
with the designation of the national or intemationa1
standard provided such materials are not specially
prohibited by theregulations.
础一C
.In lieu of expanding 始绽出 above， flar如在始stc缸riedout
in acωrdance with any oth时 standard .code may be
accepted in which case, the code adopted 由all be
,
Regulatio附
缸mealed:j:
-…WC2&WC3 叫…… -Norr口alized培一+
叮emperature
range
中Temperature range
一~
800 pég. .C to 940 Deg. C.
660 Deg.C to 720 Deg. C.
The tube shall be well finished and free from harmful
defects. 在\e extema1 weld (flash) sha11 be removed
completely i.e. flushed wi也 outside surface. The intema1
weld upset sha1l be 挝血m刨出roughout 吐\e leng佳lof
由.e tube 50 吐四位也 maximum height shall not exceed
0.25mm.
(c) Chemical Compos泌ion- Ladle analysis of 出.e steel
grades shall conform 生o the following requirements:
Tube
C
弘位1
Si
P
S
Grade
WCl 0.1 岳 max 0.30/0.70 0.35 max 0.040 max 0.040 max
WC2 0.17 max 0.40/0.80 0.10/0.35 0.035 max 0.035 max
wC3 0.12月，拢。.90/ 1.20 0.10/0.35 0.035 max 0思主黯ax
NOTE: 1. WC1 gr革命 may be fully killed, rim.med or
se肢ùkilled. 年
NOTE: 2. For ri rnn;ted or semikilled steel, in case of grade
WC1 , the C max is 0.19%.
Where the temperature is below 400 Deg.C eíther
r加m由屯， semikilled or killed steel may be used. If
对mn由19 steel is used, the strips shal1 be rolled in single
wid也 and not忖sli
坠tlo
∞吨
咔
n
8叩阳
inal
The
槌
4
∞
O
o
st怡
悦
e
el used for design 仗
s t始
拙唤m 、F
e
尺
t怡
empe
时ra
拭E沁
u主E扭.宅
'e above
Deg. C shall be of fully killed type.
When ladle analysis is not available the analysis of
sample 汩汩 selected at random may be used.
(d) Thickness- ηle thickness of each tube exduding
weld shall conform to 白e perrr飞íssible variàtion
given below:
也.e
31
lndian Boiler Regulations
Permissible variation (in per cent) in wall 出ickness
Tube Grade
巾'咯
A
1A
The minimum thickness in the weld area shall not be
less 也30 that permitted 讪 the body of the tubes.
(e) Diameter- The outside diam的er of each tube
measured at any position sha l1 conform to the
specified diameter wìthin the limits of plus 0.75%
and minus 0.75% with a minimum of 0.30 mm over
30d under.
(f) Length… Unless otherwise sp配ified tube shall be
supplied as random length. Where the length is
specified as exact length or cut length, the pem让ssible
variation shall be 崎mm-O αun fór length up to 30d
including. 6 meters. For every 3 metre increase in
length above 6 me位es，也.epos让ive toler3Oce shall be
increased by 1.5 mm with a maximum of 12 nu孔
59. (a) Flattening test… (i) A section of the tube not
less than 40 mm length shall be flaltened cold
between parallel plates. No cracks or breaks in the
metal shall occur unit the distance between the plates
is less than the given by the following formula.
Evidence of laminatïon or burnt màterial o~
incomplete penetration of the weld shal1 not develop
during the testing.
ι
一
(l + e)t
e+ 在/D)
Where t 出 Specifiεd thickness of tube (in mm)
D Specified outside diameter of tube (in nu吟
e:;: Fla忧ening test consl3O t as given below:
0.10 for tube grade革 WC 1.
0.07 f假如be grades WC2 & WC3
(泣)
% expansion in outside diameter D for a d/D of
。.6
Over
Under
050 030
呻，，嗜i
WC2& \i飞fC3
3.2 mm and under
Over 3.2 mm
All
Permissible variation
41
WC1
WC1
Wall thickness
?纽 be
Grade
imperfections shall not be cause for
rejec创on.
(iv) Flattening test carried out in accord 3Oce wi也
30y other st30dard code may be accepted in
which case 仕\e code adopted shall be specified.
告)
Flaring Test- A section of tube of length equal to
the outside diameter, but not less th30 50
E隙， sha丑 st30d being flared with a tool having 60 or
45 degree included 30gle until the tube at the mouth of
the flare has eχp30ded to 'the percentage given below
without cracking.
1 .5位mes
Ov er 0.6 to 0.8
including
WC1
12
WC2
12
WC3
10
d = inside diameter of 栩如.
15
15
12
Over 0.8
19
19
17
60. Tens i1 e Test- (a) The tensile strength of 仕\ema怜d刮
cut from the fi丑ished tube shall ∞nform to the following
requirement.
Yield
strength Mpa
(kgf/m m sq.)
(Min)
Tens iI e
strength Mpa
(kgf/mm s华j
(Min)
% Elongations+
￥γC1
195
(19.9)
320/480
(32.6/49.0)
25
WC2
235
(24.0)
360/500
(36.7 /5 1.00)
24
γ'ube
Grade
(Min.)
245
440/580
21
(25.0)
(44.9/59.2)
今 On gauge length 5.65~A wh号陀 A is the initial cross
sectional area of the specimen on the gauge length.
WC3
(b) Allowable perm始的ble stress at elevated
temperataure. Allowable permissible stress as per the
respective code shall be s位ictly followed.
61. Hydraulic test- (a) Each tube shall be hydraulically
tested at 由e makers' works and shall wi仕\St3Od a
hydraulic pressure to one 30d half times, the desi伊
pressure, subject to a minimum of 1. 00 kg/mm sq. 30d
for tube OD larger th30 101 mm outside diameter
minimum of 0.8 kg/ mm sq. Howev侣，也e test pressure
shall not be greater than the pressure calculated by the
following formule :
L 旦t
The weld shall be placed 90 degree from the line
of direction of the applied force.
(iii) Superficial rupture as a resu1t ofminor surface
and under
幽幽
Where P =
D=
t=
S=
D
test pressure (in Kg/mm sq.)
specified outsidediameter of 仕le tube
specified w a11thickness
stress (in kgf/mm sq.) which shall be
taken as 40% of the specified minimum
tensile strength at room temperature.
(b) Notwi出st甜ding 30y也ing contained in 出eabove
regulation, the hydraulic test at the maker's works may
be dispensed with, provided 由就 the 阳bes 盯esubjected
to non-destructive testing by an appropriate method
like Ultr础。nic or Eddy current testing.
32
Indian Boiler Regulations
62. Test specimens-翩 (a) Test specimens~e气uired for
flattening and flaring test sp机ified in regulations
59刨 and59制 shall be taken from the ends of finishèd
始bes prior to up setting, swaging, expanding or ，。也.er
fom市电 operations or being cut to lcng址1. They shall
be smooth on the ends 挝ld free from burrs and flaws.
出.e
(iv) Heat Treatme时川 After f拙al cold finishing 也e
tubes sha11 be heat treated as follows:
T'ubes Grade
WC 1
缸mealed丰
WC 2, WC 3
彻If desirable and practicable, tensile tes丸 may be
carried out on full section of the tubes Up to the c叩acity
of the testing machine. For 4u'ge size tubes，吐1e tensile
test specimen shall cOnSist of strip cut longitudina11y
from the tube and not flattened between the gauge
marks and further heat treated. The sides of the
specimen sha11 be parallel between gauge marks.
(c) All
Sp时挝1ens
ends which are subjected to cold working
operation shall be suitably normalized or subcritica11y armealed. as above.
'" Temperature range 880 Deg.C to 940 Deg. C.
丰 Temperature range 660 Deg. C to 720 Deg. C.
•-
(v) Test
(a) TensUe Test- This test shall be
comply with the provision of Regulation 60.
63. Number of tests- (a) The test specified lin
regu1ations 59 and 60 sha11 be made on m如挝lum 2
tubes for f让st 100 and 1 per 100 or part thereof for
tubes over 100 number.
spec放len shows defective machining or
develops flaws, it --may-bedi军c a.rdedärtd . anothëi
specimen substituted.
(c) If any one or more tests s严cified in these re伊lations
fail, two fur出自 tests of the sani.e kind may be made on
two other tubes of 注le same batch. If any of these tes始
falls，也.e batch of the tubes represented 部aybe givena
fur设ler heat treatment and entire set of tests shall be
repeated.
日出.e repeat tests are. satisfactory the tubes shal1 be
. accepted. If any failure in 也.e tests should occur the
entire batch of the tubes shall be rejeéted.
啡(COLD
DRAWN..RESISTANCE-WELDED STEEL
BOILER AND SUPER-HEATER TUBES FOR
DESIGN METAL TEMPERATURE NOT
EXCE在DING 4S40 C (8S0 0 F)]
63A. (i) Material… Materia l, tube grade and chemical
compositìon for these tubes sha l1 be in
àccordance with the appropriate c1ause of
Regulation 58.
{运) Manufacture- Tube shall be manufactured as
prescribed in Regula悦。n 58(b) and subseq段时ly
cold drawn.
(ili) Tolerances- Toleranceon 也ickness 胆dou怡ide
diameter shall be as follows:
Thickness
Plus 7.5% 览山lUS 7.5%
Outside diameter
Plus 0.5% 口出口 sO.5%
(Wi也 a minimum of 0.10 mm over and under).
Tolerance on length shall be in accordance with
Regulation 58(f).
，
ηle
Heading was not
Amending Regulations.
gi飞ren
in the
Gazett世 of
lndia of
. Normalized '"
白le
sha11 be tested at room temperature.
(b) If any test
Heat treatment
Normalized'" or sub-cri位.cally
(b) Flattening test- This test shal1 comply
with 注le
.
provision of Regulation 59(的.
(c) Flari吨 tes←This sh~l!._~<?J!l.Ply_~!生中e
一-- provÍsíõn页附属ation
59(6).
(vi) Hydraulic test…白lis shall comply
provision of Regulation 61.
wi也 thë
(vü) Test specimens… These shall comply wi也
provision of Regulation 62.
{性ii)
the
Number of tests- These sha11 comply with the
provisions of Regmation 63.
STEEL CASTING
73.Scope一 ω 白电 reg1.l.la位on shall cover carbon steel
castings.used inthe cons协主ction of boilers and steam
pipes 噜inc1uding 也eir 在制ngs.
castin萨 conforming to these
only the minimum values for tensile
strength are fixed. The maximum values shal1 be
between 40 and 50 Kgf/ mm2.
(b) For al1 types of steel
r吨ulations
(c) Heat treatment… All castings shall be supplied in
condition. The heat~treatment shall
consist of armea1ir鸣， arm创llng and normalising, and
tempering, 9r hardening and teinperi吨， either at 出e
discretion of the manufacturer or the Inspectir咯
Officer and sha l1 be carried out at suitable
temperatures to give the mechanical properties
spedfied in Regulation 77.
也.e heat耐treated
(d) Fettlings and Dressing- All castings shal1 be
properly fe创ed and' dressed and all surfaces shall be
satisfactorily cleaned for 如spection purposes.
74. Process of manufadure- The steel used for castings
sha在 be made by the Open Hearth or Electric Fumace
or any other process which gives steel having equivalent
properties.
lndían Boiler Regulatíons
33
(b) Chemical analysis- The ladle analysis shall
conform to the following requirements, namely :
排Carbon
0.25% Max协um
0.60% Maximum
1 .40% Maximum
0.05% Maximum
Si1icon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulphur
0.05% Maximum
币le steel shall comply with the chemical composition
specified in the table above.
75. Freedom from and rectification of defects- The
steel castings shall have c1ean 部主faces and shall be free
from injurious defects. The specified permissible
variations in size or thickness shall not be excεeded.
Defects may be repaired by welding on1y, with 也e
approval of the Inspecting Authority provided 也挝也e
castings 缸e stress-relieved after welding necessary.
76. Number of test provision of test samples- Tensile
and bend test pieces shall be prepared from test sar叩地
representative of each melt or heat-treatment batch as
follows:一
例如e
test samples shalI be cast attached to. or
separate from the castings as agreed between
the manufacturer and the Inspecting Officer.
The agreement for attached test s忍nples shall
inc1ude the precise location and method of
attachment. If泣le Inspecting Offìcer does not
make such an agreement with the
manufacturer, the decision as to the marmer of
providing t如 t samples shall rest with the
manufacturer. The discretion of the
manufacturer shall no乞 however， apply to the
tes出19 of castings made from more than one
melt 邵阳dicated in c1ause (d) below.
(b)盯住le test samples are attached to the castings, at
least one tensile test，破ld when required one
bend tes仁 shall be made from each melt. Such
test samples shall not be detatched from the
castings until heat也'ea加lent of the castings has
been completed and they have been stamped by
the Inspectin在 Officer. Test samples shall be
stamped by the Inspecting Officer after that heattrea出ent process.
(c) 1f the test sa白ples are cast separately，由ey shall
be provided to 轨e extent of 2 per cent of the
number of castings from 怕也 melt, but in no
case shall there be less than 2 samples per melt,
except by agreement l?etween the manufacturer
and 也e Inspec由1恙。fficer. The test samples shall
be cast in moulds of 校le same material as is used
for the castings and shall be made at 也e 锦me
白ne as the castings, and run from the same
,
• A carbon content not exceedìng 0.30% may be subject to the
agr制nent between the boiler ma阳r and the lnspecting Authority.
ladle. The samples shall be stamped by. the
Inspecting Officer so as to identify 也，e castin萨
to which they relate.
(d) When a casting is made from more thari，~ne
m号lt， at least four tensile tests , and where
requir时呼our bends te拙， shalI be made from
te必 samples situated as far apart as possible on
仙e casting. Some of 也.e test s忍双ples shall be
takenfrom 邵阳ar 役le top and others near from
the boUom of the casting as is practìcable.
(e) Test samples shall be heat-treated with the
castings they represen t.
t量st… (a)
The upper yield point at room
shall be not less than 50% of the specified
minimum tensile strength at room temperature.
77. Tensile
tempera饥l1'e
(b) A proportional test piece with Lo♂do shall be used
as test spec让nens.
(c) 在le minimum values of stress at proof limit of 0.2%
at elevated temperature (Et) of 也e 也aterial m司y be
calculated by multiplying the minimum specified 除lSile
strength at room temperature (R20) by the value of
ratio Et/ R2 0 given in table uriderregulation 16.
(d)ηle， brea挝ng elongation % shall be not less than
93- 我双1
2.2
where,
Rm 立足 measured tensile strength at room
temperature inKgf/mm2
93 = a quality index
2.2 口 a constant which is valid only when
Lo - 5do
wh挝'e，
Lo
d~
=
gauge length
original diameter of the round test piece.
(功1f， however, the tensile tests are carried out ∞
specimen conforming to any other 供andar旬，也e
material will be accepted provided 桂le tensile st宜ength
and elongation computed on the basis of 役稳 dirnensions
of the test pieces under the regulation shall conform to
the above requirements.
78. Bend tests明甲 Cold bend tests shalI be made upon
test pieces having rectangular section of one inch wide
by 3/4 inch 白ick. The test pieces shall be machined
and the edges rour飞ded to a radius of 1/16 inch. The
tεst pie面s shalI be bent over the 也inner section.
Bend tests may be made by pressure or by blows, and
注le test pieces shaIl without fracture withstand being
bent round a former havir唱 a radius of 1 inch through
an angle not less than 也at given in the following table:
lndian Boiler Regulations
。。呻
仙一
ABC
G
吵吵
34
Angle 01 Bend minimum
120ρ
900
No test
79.(玛 Additional tests before
of 在e original 怡然 pi，配es fail
rejection- Sho叫dany
to pass 也e mech叙ùcal
tests, two further samples which repre回时也e s部ne
cas由19s shall be selected and tes毛edinthe 阅mem部mer.
如1e manufacturer sha11 have the right, if 怡 so desires
to re-heat-treat the casOOgs before 仕\e two further
samples 缸e 盹lected.
Sho时d the two fur由.er
吐吐s standard, castings
test satisfy 也e req'回rements of
represented by them 由.a11 be
accepted. Should either of 出.e re-tests 也il，也.ecas位19S
represen始d sha11 be 1iable to rejection.
(b) Hardness test after heat tr明bnen←The Inspecting
Officer inay ca1l for hardness testing of the heat巾eated
castings.
(c)Non搬出structive tests- The Inspecting Officer may
cal1 for radiographic examination or 0出er nondes怯lctivetesting of 出e casOOgs.
Castings found to be unsound may be treated in
accord aÍlce with Re gulation 75. If由.e weld站在 repairs
缸'e sanctioned by the Inspec出190fficer，出句 shall be
ca必ed out in accordance wi血 Regulation 阁，
High O础s
castings for which a factor 萨阳阳出船舱%
is taken in computation of pemùssíble working 销部$
由all be s电磁如 the fo11o叫吨如spection re守难回回ts:
(i) Each cas恤19 shall be examined by radìographic
orul位asonic 仅lethods at al1 criticall出ationsand
found free from Ìlam由I1 defe伽.A11 也ecastin萨
shal1 be fully machined to such an extent that a11
critical sections are expo臼d for fu11 位ùckness.
(地 A11 castings sha11 be examined
loca位ons. using magnetic-partide
at al1 critical
or penetrantfluid procedure, or by grinding or machining
and etching.
(出) C拇指19S found to be defective sha1l be r司ected
or rep创red to the satisfaction of 也.e Inspec由19
Authority. If rep挝rs by welding are carried out
仕\ec揭出gs shal1 be subsequent1y stress-relieved
or heat treated. C掘出19s found to be unsound
may be treated in accordance with regulation
80. Repaired area宰。f castings shall be re辑部副ned by the Inspec由19 Officer in accordance
with sub-clause (i) and shall be shown to be free
from hamlful defects.
(iv) Castings to which a quality factor of 0.90 is
assigned shaU be clearly and permanent1 y
marked with G suitable symbol after being
examined as above and found 豁出factory.
Notes: 咀le
provisions of the first paragraph of clause (c)
of regu1ation 79 shall apply 切 thecastings 0由er
than high class ca摇ngs for .which a factor greater
_than 80% is used in the compu锁链。n of permissible
working stress for shells of Boiler and integral
super-h倡言er Drums and H部ders under regulations
271.
80. Procedure for welding…In order to maintain a
high standard öf wor.如民缸lShip in the practice of arcwelding to steel castings, the following general
princíples should be followed , but the precise
technique will of necessity vary according to the
circumstances.
Surface condition…The surfaces of 也e steel, it is
intended to weld should be c1eanèd 伊d freed from all
foreign matter, otherwise poor penetration and
unmould weld metal may result.
白\e preparation for the weldfng of cracks should be of
由e U or V types. wh部位le later is used , the inc1uded
angle should.be.notless 由an 70. Wherecracks舍对照d
出rou供出.e section of the ca硝吨， the choice between
single and double preparation, U or V will be govemed
by(i) 出e 也ickness of the cas由19; (助也e location of the
defect. In double prep盯ation， U or V the root of the U
or V should be sufficient1y open to 创lSure compl就e
penetration.
军lectrodes- The electrodes shal1 comply with
Re机lations 94 to 98 for Grade A 仰自19s. Electrodes
for Grades B and C castings should be agreed between
在e manufacturer and 出e Inspec出g Officer.
在1eel配trode manufactur时'sreco泣tmendations for 也e
use of the eleè泣'ode should be strictly fo11owed.
岛。heating- Varia悦。，ns in compositioI飞， mass desi萨
and 也e extent of welding required make it impossible
to lay down specific rules to establishωnditions under
which pre-heating sho叫<i be applied.
Whenafter ∞nsideration of 棉chcas由1在 抽出e light of
伎le above variables it is deemed necessary to pre-heat,
such飞 pre
令幡斗忐
hea
刽tings
必
h飞ο1世主丘ld be carried 01凶
Z必t怡
挝tat始
a
创mpe
e
盯
rat汩
u且r
担
e
of 15甜ο葡楠鞠唰翩阳唰
St位
res
捕
s幽rel挝ievi挝军
n毛咯
g treatment- When the welding 沁
is
carried 。∞
时t after the cas检1珞
u
.g has received its
始
s normal
heat treatment, a further heat treatment may be
ωnsidered necessary. 在市 treatment need be applied
onlyincas臼 where welding has been such as to induce
eith时 intemal stresses which would be detrimental to
the cas由鸣I or loca11y hardened areas which would
cause difficulty in machining. Where 由is 缸rther heat
trea怯lent is applied, the casting, where possible, should
not be allowed to go cold after welding, but should be
charged into a warm fumace and re-heated toa suitabl,
lndùm Boiler Regulations
35
when conside血革也ead时阅b出tyofappl:抖鸣曲is 如放黯
恼a栩栩t， i恒 effect on the physical properti部 of the
C掘出.gs should be bome in mind. 廷也e 田a笛1.eI\乞 or 役\e
welding itself is such 位四位\e physii侃lpr-吨>erti臼 W迫 be
adversely affi时时，位\e 缸芷 heat trea怯1.eI\t ~吨血'ed to
prc叫u面sa.tisfactory qua1iti铝合ωld be substitu始&
FORGED OR ROLL恶D PRESSURE PARTS OTHER
THAN SEAMLESS DRUMS OR CARBON ST军剖，
81. 例 Process of mar草草草facture一四e steel used for the
p盯ts shall be made by 检法Open Hearth or Electric or
basic Oxygen pr创ess or by any other process which
gives s饵el having equivalent properties.
(b) Chemical Analys协…The steel shall not contain
more than 0.05 per c叫 of sulphur or of phosphorus.
(c)Freedom 命。m ahd rectification of defects- Where
not machined, the píeces, shall have workman like
surface量则 nonnally obtained by rolling, forging or
drawing. Ptovided th的 the minimum required
创.ckness is main栩如ed，放世10r surface defects may be
a出útted and other defects re皿oved by m时taniαi
means so as to achieve a smωth surface. Sur也cedefects
may also be repaired, by welding only, with the
approval of the Insp艇由\g Authority provided 由础也e
p盯ts 缸可~ stress-relieved after welding whe黯 necessary.
82. Selection of 始st pieces- (a) Forti础由tg， ei~r the
parts th!钮lSelves shall be u甜d or additional material or
suffici翻飞ts泣efor 旬stpiec臼 d浪且 beav创lable. In白ec就se
of headers for examples, surpl邵阳棋\S for 制如，gs
may be used. In阳 ca畏。f flanges swag时 indi础，也e
pur吐出.gs left may beu蹄d 槌栩tpiec筒'1 in which 础se
饺勤e identity of the material of 校将严mchingwith 也atof
胎盘aJ\ge 址uùl be evid刨出d 加 anad吨uate manner.
η'le test may be performed , also on 白e 5部沁撤回shed
material for 眠amp1e a bar or a bi11et, provided it is given
appro总部ately 血e 捕mereduc锐∞ andh臼护trea回.ent 部
注\e finis如d
forging. For h相ders with d销时
ertds，由e
棚tringssl峭 be cut off befo出必缉部g or reducing 忍ld
shall be s\蚓ected to 胁臼me heat 树a恼ent as 也e
headers 位temselv，四.In佼\e case of heade路， which are
d铺创 byspec1挝 cove弱，也e 饭st 住宅 shall be cut off a负:er
heat 恼a植lent. S丽氓ar prcκ:edure shal1 be followed for
始st pie出sofo也.er forgin萨·
(d)τ'angential test piece shall be used for headers where
practicable.
For header with outside diameter le揣进随n 200 mm,
longitudina1 test píeces may be allowed.
{均 42 切 50 Kfg/黯黯Z
(ili) 47 to 56
Kfg/m踊Z
(浏阳 to
62 Kfg/mm2
。 ) The upper yield point at room tempera阳re shall be
not less than 50% of the spec迁ied minimum tensile
州白棋'l.
{吟The minimum values of 位e str创s at pr∞f 挂mit
0.2% at elevated tempera阳re (Et) may be calcula始d
by multiplying .the minimum sp时 ified 生ens i1e/
strength of the material at r'∞m temperature 但却}
by 也.e value of 出e ratio Et/ R20 given 拙 the table
under Regulation 16.
(d) 币1ebreaking elongation in % shall not be less 也an
93 甲Rm
2.2
where
Rm器 measured
te血perature
tensile strength at room
in Kfg/mm2
93 = quali守 index
2.2 = a ωr\Stant which is valid only when Lo 5do
where
Lo 出 gaugelength
do = orig部al diameter of the round test piece.
悦. Bend tests… (a) Bend test pieces shal1 be of
rec恼n伊larcro藩"配tionma位ined to a finished size of
1 inch wide by 3,4 inch 也ick. In the case of headers,
bend test pieces may beαttr缸\Sversely 1* T wide by
T thick whereτis 白e 也ic挝'less of the headers. 白1e
edges shall be rourlded. to a radíus of 1/16 inch. 白'le
test pieces shall be bent over the thinner 能ction.
(b) Test pie四翠 shall be bent wh四 cold 也rough an
angle of 180 without fracture, the intemal radius of
也.e bend being not 伊回ter 也m 仕lat sp配ified 坦 table
below for the 1 inch wide by 3,4 inch 剧ck test piece and
notmore 位uui. 1* T for the full 校úckness test piece.
dJ
Ultimate ti。在sile stress
…
Q
TOr\S /sq. in.
Upt032
Above 32 and upto 36
Above36 缸\d upto 38
m-d400月
asa 始stspeαmen.
83.τensile s悦鸣也一位) The t!四sile s位朋树。f the
material shall conform to one of the following four
grades:(i) 37 怡 45 Kfg/mm2
刷一
tes由19， piece of one and 位.e same cast of the
same heat treatment batch as well as of s国1ilar
dimensior\S may be gathered into one group. At least
部'le test piece shal1 be made from each grOUp.
(c) Apropo描∞a1 test piece wi也 Lo-5do shal1 be used
(b) For
(e) 班ydraulic test- A hydraulic test shall be carried
out at the Makeis works in accordance with the
requirements of re罢王lation 268, if required by 位'le
Inspec位\g Authority.
w-
Bemi tests may be made by pressure or by blows.
36
lndian Boiler Regulations
85. Additional tests before rejection… Should either
a tensile or a bend test fail two further tests of the
type which' failed may be made on test pieces out
fro凯 the same forging. If the results obtained from
these retests are satisfactory, the forging shall be
accepted, .provided thatin other respects they fulfil
the conditions laid down above for steel forgfngs. If
these retests do not give satisfactory results the
forgings represented may be re-heat-treated toge由er
with the remainder of the test blocks and presented
for further testings.
l'
In all cases where final retests donot give satisfactory
resu1ts，出.efor岳ngs represented by the test pieces which
fa i1 shall be rejected.
GEl略军RAL
All test bars 也磁 be cast in green sand or dry s但划。r
iri loam moulds according as to whe仙er thetasting or
cas咖19s位ey represent are moulded in g指出 sand， òIl
in 10阳lor 世ysand， respectively.
The test bars sha1l not be subjec例如 any heat trea帆船主
after.leaving the moulds.
88. Dimension of test bar萨-(苟 TransverSe Test Bar驴…
The transverse test bars of 出e diameter specified by
the Inspec注19 Authority according to 出e ， m治n cr部 s­
sectional 泣úckness of 白泛 cas出19 represented, shall
conform to the following dimensions:
Diameter
tèst
Bar
GREY IRON CASTINGS (GRADE A)
m.
0..6
0. .875
86. (a) Process of manufacture叫晴在le cas由19s sh必lbt
cast from meta1 melted or ref泣led in any metallurgical
plant other than an iron ore smelting furnace, for the
üseofwhi岳阳m毗:e-perr后路ìon~in' writingmust be
received ttom 出e Inspec出19 Authori守·
Limits
on Di必
meter
Overall
m.
m.
+0.04510
+0.065
+0.090.
1.2
1.6
+1.10.
2.1
+0.10
.Ma in
length
15
21
.21
27
cross啊'ctional
thic1cness
01 据sting r，甲 resented
江l.
Not Exceeding 3/8
Over 3/8 and not 牵xceeding 号4
Over % and not exceeding Ph
Over Bhnd notexceedingl*
Ovei 1*
(b) Chemical co皿position- The Composition of 也e
iron as cast shall be left to the discretiori of the
manufacturer but the maximum percentage of
phosphorus or su1phur or both may be spec迂iedby 由e
lnspec位19 Authority, if he so desires.
(c) Moulding- The castings shall be accurately
mou1ded in accordance with the pat始'm or working
drawings' supplied by the Inspecting. Authority with
位e addition of such letters, figures .or marks as may be
specified and the drawings shall include the tolerances
specified 抽出e Regulation.
Freedom from defect黯…贺le castings shallbe sound,
clean out oftwist and free from blow holes distortion
and .all surface and other defects. They shall be well
dri部sed or fe tt1ed and shall be machinable by normal
扭ethods.
87. Provision of test bar如…如e Inspec仙19 Au生hority
shall state at .the time of enq时ry whether he requires
tensi1e or transverse tests, or both, and he may also
specify cast on bars where the desi伊 of 也.ecas由19and
method of running permit.
When the test bars are cast sep缸ately they shall be
poured at 位le same time atì.d from 出e same ladle, or
metal as the casting or cas宙飞gs 出.ey represent. The
number of test bars spec迂ied in Re gu1ation 92 shall be
applicable to a11 castings of each melt.
When the bars are cast-on, the mou1d for the casting
and 和e mould for the 始st piece shall be joined together
insucham缸mer 也就 the liquid metal f出s both mou1ds
at 泣le same opeiation.
Bars cast to a size in excess of the limits given aboye may
be machined to a diameter w据市1 the specified 加nits.
Bars cast within these 1imits of d ianí.e.ter may also be
machined before 母le tr缸lSverse test is made, provid懈
站在出at 仕\e finished diameter fa1ls within these 1监úts.
(b) Tens i1etestbars- The tensi1e test bars of 也e
diameter specified by the Inspecting Authority,
according to the maÌn ccoss-sectional 仕úckness of the
cas住宅 represented shall conform. tothe dimensions
shown in the following table. Bars may be tested wi位1
6位时 plain or screwed. ends.
m
LP
(c) For cas指1萨 over 2 inches in thickness a test bar of
larger diameter than 2.1 inches may be used by
agr棚阳ltbetween 融部缸\ufac饥rrer and the Inspec位19
Authority. For diagram and table see under clause 何
of this Regulation.
89. Mechanical
test一白leC部总ng
must comply
wi也
由e transverse and tensi1e tests spec证iedin 豆e事.t1ations
90 缸咀 91. AU' test pieces shall be selected by the
Inspector and tested in his presence and to his
satisfaction.
lndian Boiler Regulations
37
90. Transverse 怯st-- A transverse test bar cast in
accordance with Regulation 88(苟 must when placed
on supports set at the distance shown in column 2 of
the fo l1owing table sustain a load applied at the
centre of not less than that 拢。wn in column 3 and
must show before rupture a deflection not less than
也就 shown in column 4. 丁he supports and the point
of application of the load shall be rounded to a
radius of not less than 1 月 inch.
radius
A
p
R
B
D'
rn.
rn.
0.399
rn.
0.1 25
in.
0.6
1
0.875
0.564
0.25
2
Distance
between
support
test bar
Mìnimum
/oadGrade A
0.798
0.50
2
江1.
rn.
9
12
18
18
24
530
1,185
0.07
0.1 0
0.15
0.12
0.15
1 ，9章。
4,280
6, 660
1.1 28
1.∞
2
5crewed ends
Min每
length
oJplaip
ends
5ize
E
in.
ln.
1~
1~
ln.
S.P.
9/16 S芯，
p/16 S川.
3~
1~
3~
1~
号，
S.F.
Approxi抒Ulte minimum overall length
thìc阳ess
2
l~S.F.
1~
2~
1~
S.F.
1.596
2.∞
2
3~
3~
白\e
test bars shall be cast as parallel bars of the
column B and then machined to the
dimensions C and P 抽出.e above table.
If the diameter of a transverse test baras cast varies
within the limits spedfied in Regulation 88(时也e
equivalent breaking load for the factors given in
Appendix F.
91. Tensile 始st- A tensi1e test bar machined to the
dimensions shown in Regulation 88制 and tested with
either pla坦 or screwed ends must. show a breaking
stren抖。f nöt less 设\an 也就 shown in 始 following
table: .
diamete路军iven in
Diameter of test bar
nu·
nu
，A
h"
M，噜A
-rhu 坷，
e 句，，，
n-8
=-M
..
Mínimum ultimate tensile
stress唰 Grade A
Tons. per sq. in.
12.5
12
11
咱A
饨，翩
10.5
10
Note:. Self-a1igning grips to ensure axial loading are
recommend叫.
2S.F.
olc，ω ti咆
5crewed
e1lds
I,.5
rn.
4~
3
Not
exceeding
3/8
7-1/16
令13/16
Over3/8 and
not exceeding %
8~
5-7/8
Over 3.4 and not
ln.
9/16
导4
Main cross制
sectìonal
Plain
ends
LP
rn.
.
represented
rn.
exceeding 1~ .
1~
9-1/32
l~S.W.
2.1
‘
TABLE
l~S.W.
1.6
Grade A
法1.
C
3~
d吃flectíon
rn.
7/8 S.W.
1.2
Minimum
每reaking
0.6
0.875
1.2
1.6
2.1
胁时了
Area
仙州时
V
Diameter. Gauge
as Cast diameter
Aat
Min.
l
71 IP--n
D仰7耐在T 吃f
2
11~
7~
Over 1~ 辜负d not
m4
ex臼eding 1δ/8
8~
Over 1-5/8
92. Number 01 transverse and tensi1 e. tests- The
number of tests required fo l' eachr batch of castings
sha11 be in accordance wi由 the following table, the
various c1asses of castings being divided into four
representative groups. 岱\e test shall refer to one
transverse and one tensi1e test, whether taken from one
or two test bars as cast.
Weight 01 Castings
T'e st
1
Upto 28 lbs.
2
Over 28 lbs. and
upto 1 cwt.
Over 1 cw t. and
upto one ton
One test for each 30 cw t. of
castings or part ther哩。f.
One test for each 2 tons of
castingsor part thereof.
One test for each 4 tons of
castings or part thereof.
Group
3
requìremen彷
In the abovegroups 1, 2 and3, all castings r叩resented
by one test must be poured from the same ladle or
same heat as the bar or bars provided for tne test.
4
Over 1 ton and
important castings
where mutually
agreed upon.
One test for e在ch 4 tons of
t革stings or part thereof or
for e在ch casting weighíng
4 tons or more.
lndùm Boiler Regulations
38
93. Additional te剖&…在\e additional tests 始 becarried
out before a casting or batch of c部也.gsis 叫ected shall
be 切 accordance with the following table:
Test piece
1st
杂td
E饥mt
Conditions
If this fails
The 回ωnd test piece shall be
tested.
The batch or separa惚 cas白\g
represented 由all be accepted.
The ba挝lorseparat您 castirtg
If this passes
If this fails
rep帽脆州时 maybe 叫ected.
Provided a1ways that in the case of failure of bo也 test
_ pi叙:es if either show obvious defects a 也ird 俊st 抖仅e
may be taken from a bro}Q阁部位珞 or a piece may be
cut from a usable casting for fu础ler t部位19 都知llows:
3rd
If this passes
白le batch or 5叩辑rate castirtg
repr回ented shall be accep始d.
The batch or separate
If份由 fails
cas挝咱
→ r咿翩翩dmäÿbè 叫配制-
COVERED ELECfRODES FOR METAL A虱C
WELDING OR MILD STEEL
94.
C柏树1
requirements- (1)
Applicatio统一 The
following Re鲁南tionsapply 始岱C忧。d础。fsizes3/32
站出口2 S.W.G.) and larger in diame栩如，rme始1 arc
we1位嚣。，fc的假1 steels having u1出晚惚晦磁柏拉
not exceeding 33 tons p缸 square inch and su1phur and
phωphorus c'∞协ts not grea阳饺磁n 0.06 per cent
制ch. 割机trodes lèss 位冶n3/32 部ch in diameter slωII
notbe used 加 boilers.
The e始巾。de 由aU c佣lply wi白白erequirements of
physica1 test尊 prescribed for each class.
咀\eir characte性stics and behaviour under ordinary
wor拙\gconditio邸 shall be such 也at 幽幽factory weld
d吨。sits can be made by a welder of average skill and
experien僻 and 也at the following charac允eristics are
d胁。b栩如ed.
{呻 a relative ease in the control of 役\e s1ag and weld
黯怠始1
(b)
degree of stab远ity of 泣\e arc and
of 役\e
如sing of 也ecov缸坦g;
(c) no undue degree of spat始r;
(d)
p倒出ons.
(3)
Manufactur←呻 Electrodes
may be made by any
shall yield a product conforming tò the
requiremer出 of these Regu1ations.
method 由at
{的 Size of electrodes…The nominal size of the
el配trod，部 shall refer to the diameter of the c破ewire
and 泣\e len拼\
shall not exceed 18 inêhes. Provision
也all be 些主defor 础d orcen桐树pping.
在e
tolerance
on 放松$严cified
afairra怡。fdep田ition and dep由 ofpenetr硝.on;
diameter of the core
wirE" of 自eelectrode步 shall be plus or II由\usO.∞2 溢出.
(5) Covering- The flux covering shall be sufficient1y
the norma1 conditions of transpor章，
e
st()!élg ,_l!!ll'\':t1ù.t$~cl 附~.wil也邮电~~~a.Ilti.旦崎且如
uniformin 血ickness all over so 由atit 缸S臼 even1y. The
variation in the 仕úckness shall not exceed 3 per c四.t.
robusttowi由stand
(6)(a) Packing and storage- Electrodes shall be
sui阳iblypacked 协梆盯d against damage during
tr部飞sporta位舰、When stored, theel，配trod嗣 shall
bek眼 in 枝、础。岳供\al bundles or pac挝ngsin
a dry store room and under 豁出 conditions，位\e
elec泣。des shall for a period of a t1east six m侃如
be capable of gi磁.gresu1tss如迦rtoth铺ewh陆
出ey would have given òn 也e date of 衔础
desp挝ch from 校\6 manofaclurer.
(b) Marking- Each 掷球age shall be marked wi出
the follow如.g information :
Name of the Manufacturer.
Trade name of 位\e E1ectrod臼.
Size and quantity of E1'町trodes.
Batch Number.
Recommendedωrrent range.
Classification as per Indian Boiler Re伊1ati，侃
仍 T四岛…贺\e elect宜。d部也all
during w e1ding;
a 惠。od
(a) normal penetration electrodes for use in one or
more welding pωitions， and
(b) d臼pp四.etration el机trodesford值eunprep叙刨
butt-welding in the flat posi泣。!Il and/or fi嚣的
welding, in the flat and horizonta1 vertical
be
s由如ted
to
Ini剧
梅毡"Periα革cd恕ck 栅ts 忽略目。duc忌。ncontrol 毛O eI\SUÆ
自at 注\e require黯ent窑 of 在部eRegtùa注∞s
are fu1盘led
Electrodes intended for use with more than ooe 穹peof
αlITent
or polarity shall be tested using
ea也可pe
of
αlIT四tand po1ari年
(e) easy removab诅ty of 也.e slag;
Whe四 any test specimen fails to 臼tis市血ereq凶rements
(f) no undue tendency to under-cu t;
of any p盯ticular test, two further test spec坦\eI\S shall
be prepared using the electrodes from the 崎me batch
and submitted to the same test.
ηle batch of electrodes shall be accepted as ~ving
passed the testprovided 出at the tests of both the
additional specimens are satisfactory.
(盼 a f.挝rcon协山 of
the weld deposits; and
(h) a low intema1 porosi可
{动。都sification…in如:
of 位\eweldme始1.
The electrodes shall be c1assified
Indian Bo i1er Regulations
(8) Test Certificates- 币'\e manufacturers shall, when
called upon, produce the results of the most recent
Periodic check testcarried out wi白in the preceding 12
mon出s， on electrod岱 representative ofthe electrodes
supp注碍，
95.R吨uirements for norma1 penetration electrodeslnitial te创份叫古'\e following 划tia1 tes怜 on each brand
of electrodes shall be carried out(a) All weld-metal tensile tesω- 1hreeall唰weld-metal
tensile test specimens, one each using the smallest, 6
S.W.G. , and the largest diameter electrodes
manufactured in 位也 grade shall be p~par时， and tested
inacc心rdance with the method described in Appendix
H-1.τhe ultimate tensile s悦目 of 咄咄 test specimen
shall be not less 也拙和 tonspers弓uareinch and yield
stress not less than 20 tons per 吨uare inch. The
elongation sha延 be not less 也an 25 per cent and 也e
minimum reduction of area shall be not less than 35
per cent.
(b) Fillet weld hot cracking test.…One fillet weld hot
test sha l1 be carried out as specified in
Appendix H- l. The electrodes shall be deemed to be
satisfactory provided no hot cracking occurs under the
conditions of test. Greater cracks may be neglected
provided they do not run into 出e full Section of the
weld.
ct~cking
(c) Transverse tensile test.一臼e transverse tensile test
shall be carried out for each welding position for which
血e electrode is recommended by the manufacturer
except that two tests shall be required for 出.e flat
pωition. For electrodes recommended for all positio邸，
a 怡st in the inc1 ined position is not required.
τ'he ultimate
tensile stress shall be not less 由an28 tons
square inch. The method of preparation of the test
pie部s is specified in App臼1m H-1.
bend test- Two bend t.ests one with
出efa传 and the other wi也 the r Oot in tension shall be
carried out for each welding position for which 出e
electrode is recommended by the manufacturer, except
出，at two in each shall be caηied out for those intended
for flat position only. For electrodes recommended for
all positions, a test in the inc1 ined position is not
required. The method of prepara锐。n and carrying out
the test shall be in accordance wi也 Appendix H- 1. The
electrode shall be deemed to be satisfactory provided
a挝 on completion of the tes仁 no crack or defect at 出e
outer surface is greater 也an 1/8 inch measured across
出e specimen or 1/16 inch measured along its leng注\.
Premature fallures at comers of the test specimen shall
not be considered a cause for rejection.
(d) 宜'ransverse
(e) Cruciform fillet weld ten
39
welding position for which the electrode is
recommended by the manufacturer, except that when
the electrode is recommended for both the flat and 出e
horizontal唰.vertical positions, a test in the flat position
shall not be required. The method of pr咋时硝∞ ofthe
test piec创 and of carrying out the tes怨 shall be 部
spec活ìed in Appendix H-l. These test pieces shall be
capable of wi血standi鸣 anul出late tensile load of ∞f
less 出an 36.5树W(x)C tons: where W is 在e width of
the test piece and C is the average 佼troat 性出垃less of
出e welds, both in inches. C shall be taken as 0.7 X 由e
average leg length or as the actual mean throat
制，ckness， whichever is the greater.
(f) All跚weld metal impact test…Three Izod impact
test specimen, one each using the smallest size
manufactured , 6 S.W.G. , and the largest size
manufactured electrodes respectively, shall be prepared
缸\d tested in accordance with the method specified 坦
Appendix H-1. The average of the three impact values
for each 怡然 spec协，en shall be not 1，部S 航船 30 f乞 lbs.
96. Requirements for deep penetration butt-welding,
electrodes initial test- For electrodes recommended
for deep penetration butt-welding，始 following initial
tests shaU be carried out :
(1) Trans"\'倍rse tensi1e tes i:- 1hree transverse tensile
test specimens, one each from test pieces shall be
prepared according toTable , 31n Appendix H-2 and
tested as 啡时迂ied in Appendix 吕-2. If出ed弘meterof
出e largest size of electrode manufactured is less than
1.4 inch onlý two spec挝lens need be prepared. The
ultimate tensile ..stress o,f each specimen shall be not
less than 28 tons per square inch.
(2) Transverse bend test- Six bend test specimens,
two 制巾 from test pieces, prepared according to 由e
Table 3 in Appendix H-2 shall be test叫 in accordance
with the method spec迁ied in Appendix H-2. If由e
diamter of the la咯部tsizeQf 血e electrode manufactured
bel部$位被nl/4 单位， only 4 specimens will be req回red.
Ofωchp必rofspecime邸I one shall be tesred wi在自e
side first welded in tension and one with the other side
in tension. The electrode shall be deemed to be
satisfacto巧r if on completion of the test no crack or
defect at the outer surface of the spec位nen is grea怡r
than1 月 inch measured across it or 1/16 inch measured
along its le，吨位'\. Premature failure at comers shall not
be considered cause for rE才ection.
(3) Butt糯weld penetration test… Examinati∞ of the
inner edges of the outer discards from the butt-weld
怡然 pieces prepared as specified in Appendix 挂在 shall
show 出at complete penetration has b ee.n achieved.
lndian Boíler Regulations
40
(a) Crucifonn fillet weld tensile 始st- Three test
test pieces prep缸ed according
to the procedures laid down in Appendix H-2 shall be
tes始d in accordance with the meth叫 5归cified 佳丽阳in. If
饺\ediameter of the largest size of electrode manufactured
. is lesS. than 1/4 inch then two specimens on1y are requir吼
Each sp配挝\en sha11 wi出stand an u1出mte 惚\Si1e load
ofnot less 佼1an 36.5xWxC tonsj whe黯 W is the width of
佼\e test specimen and C is theeffec位ve size of the welds,
both in 姐.ches. Forthe purpose of cala点蜘\g the test
load, the eff，配tive size of deep penetration 翻let welds
shall be taken either as 0.7 X 他e average leg 1但gth plus
3/32 inch) or 部 the actual mean throat 也ickness plus
1/17 inch whichever is 出e 萨eater缅
,." esG
et
98. Periodic c:he c:k test一在\e following Periodic Check
Tests on 础ch .brand of electrodes.-s hall be carried out:
sp创血础茹 one each from
但) Periodic check te部 consist of a selection of the tests
prescribed under RegulationS 5 to 97 and they shàll be
repeated at intervals of not more 出缸\6mon也stopro世de
evidence that 由.e electrodes currently produceç:l. continue
topos黯ss 也e properties. recorded in 白e 如垣altests:
(i) Al1-weld tensile 始5t with any two sizes of
electrodes within the limits prescribed in c1 ause
(a) of Regu1ation 95..
(注)
宫&
a、
ziilaa--'ttee、
，
山斗
(b) For deep penetration butt-welding electrodes, one
transverse .tensi1e test spec栩栩 and two transverse
bend test spec出ens shall be prepared and tested as
prescribed in Reg u1 ation 96 and the specimens shall
show that a complete penetration has been achieved.
FPA
-‘.
DIMENSIONS OF
FILLET WELDS
1""
One Tee joint fi1let weld hot cracking test as
prescribed in dause (b) of Regulation 95.
Convexity
J
(c) For deep pene饺a馁。n fillet welding electrodes one
fílletweldtens i1e …test shall.betaken -as
prescribed in Regulation 97(1) and the two outer
discards from the test pi棋锦 shallshow a miniri:'lUm
penetration beyond the root as required under
Regula位on 97(2).
，咄咄retical
crucifo主m
Throa~ 一…
、‘_，
叮啕崎幡刷刷翩翩翩
Leg of
Fi1let
‘崎翩-'
APPENDIX. 窍-1
CONCAVE FILLET
Notel: Size of fillet weld 嚣 lengthof
CONV军χFILLET
军:
(5ee Regulation 95)
la咆创t 趴K技bed 施。scelesright
angled triangle.
Note 2: Length. of horizol tal leg of
filletweld shall hot varymore
than 1.1岳 in from lengthof/
,
ve成icall告g.
1
町4
事…um
Note 3: Fi!letweld size, convexity and
leg lengthsof 611etwelds shall
be determined by actual mea-
5-m3-8
革urement(tonearest1 /64in.)
on a section laid out wìth
inscribed lines as 然10wn.
FILLETWELD 黯NE四AT10NT自，T- Bo位Ilegs of each 611量tweld
deposited 百hall be of equallength with maximum al1 0wable 1泣让始
shown in the figure given above.
(b) The outer discards from 阳 crucifonn fi1let weld
test pie心es prepared as above shall show a minimum
penetration beyond the root of not less 轨an 3/32 as
shown in figure given below :
0.010 如~.
也1Aχ.GAP
BEFOREWELD剖G
刊'飞 5·JfV4，·
PENET民ATION 嚣在YONDτHE
呻
ROOT
3/32 INαiORMORE
MEASUREMENT OF PENETRATION OF FILLET WELD
The weld shall also be free from
trapped slag, por05il:j人
crac挝吨，
under-c ut
.
(1) Parentmetal for test platω…The parent metal
usedinpI叩aI恒gtestpiec部 and test spec协enshallbe
mild stee1 of welding quali守 in 由.enonnal脱dcondition
(thiscondition is option~l in the case of all-weld metal
tests) with an ultimate tensile stress of not less than 28
and .not more 融部 32 tons pe主 square irich and in
elongation of not less than 20 per cent on standard test
pieces A(l) (Appendix B).
(2) All-weld metal t吉st.… Method of preparation of
test pieces. The temper获知re of theparent metal shall
be between 50 0 and 1000 P (10。一-38 C) immediately
before deposition the first run of weld metal. 在le test
specimen shall not be su均ected to any ìnechanical or
thermal treatment other than 出的 required herein. Allweld test pi时es shall be prepared as shown in Pigure
1" by depositing weld metal between the chamfered
edges of two plates, each 7/8 inch 也ick. The preparation
of the plates shall give an included angle of 200 and the
distance between the plates at 泣le root edges shall be
ν2 inch to 17/32 inch. The joint shall be c1 0sed at 由e
bottom by a öacking plate 11/4 inch wide by 1/4 inch
出ick.币\e two plates shall be 7 inches long and 也e
dimension B from square edge to root edge of each side
plate sha11 be between:
0
2 inches minimum 姐d 3 inches n:taximum when
testing 12 S.W.G.(3/32) inch electrodes.
• As shown in this Appendix.
Indian Bo i1er Regulations
3 inches m ini.mum and 4 inches max泣\umwhen
test站在 10 S.W.G. or 8 S.W.G. electrodes锺
4 inches mini.mum and 5 inches max加lumwhen
testing 6 S.W.G. electrod部·
5 inches m ini.mum and 6 inches m拟挝lumwhen
testing 1/4 inch or 5/16 inch electrodes.
在le assembly shall be welded to伊拉er with these plates
pre-setso 出的 thegàp 挝 the top between 出.e chamfered
它dges of the plates is 1 inch and the plates may be
approximately level when the butt-weld is completed.
τhe
weld metal shall be deposited in single or mul位，
run layers and the direction of deposition of each layer
shall be alter双挝ively fromeach end of the speciní.en.
Each run of weld metal shall not be less than 1 /1 6 inch
and not more than 1/8 inch thick. The time interval
between the completion of one run and the
commencem臼t of depositon of the succeeding run sha1l
be not less 也an 5 minutes. The assembly shall notbe
quenched between the deposition of individual runs.
The welding current used shall be within the
appropriate range given by 出e manufacturer. The
welding position for the assembly shall be flat , unless
出is is contrary to 位le recommended position for 位e
electrode, in which case the position of weld shall be as
recommend E!d by the manufacturer.
。'\ completion of the weld the specimen shall be
al10wed to cool in still air. The portion including the
weld shall then be removed by cutting away the excess
plates at the places indicated in Figure 1.
The all weld test piece shall be heat吃reated by raising
to a uniform temperatureof 11120 to 12020F (600 0 to
6500C) and maintained 棋也就 temperature for the one
hour and then allowed to cool slowly outside the
k双引ace， protected from draughts and ch丑1ing. A t四sile
test specimen shall be machined from 白e test piece to
the dimensions given in Figure 1(的将 taking care that
出.e longitudinal axis of the specimen coincides with
the centre line of the weld and the mid懈thickness of the
plate as indicated in Fi革ure 1. The sp前出en then shall
be tested for tensile strength.
(3) Impact test specimen… The Izod impact test
specimens shall be machined from the weld metal test
pi时es to the dimensions given in Figure 2*1 care being
taken that the longitudinal 拟is of the test piece c怕也ides
with the centre 1ine of the weld and mi品也比如essof
孰e plate. The temperature of the test specimen at 出e
time of testing shall not be less th招招呼 (100C)~
(4) Hot cracking test- A 6 inches x 3 inches x 1/2 inch
plate shall be welded to a second plate 6 inch础 x 6
inches x 1/2 inch inthe form of a close square Tee
joints as shown in Figure 3*. The edge 0
• As shown in this Appendix.
41
abutting the surface of the second shall be prepared by
or grinding. The gaps betwen parts after
tack welding at the ends shall not exceed 0.01 inch.
ma出如ing
τwo
fillet welds 5 inches long 1/4 inch in leg leng出
sha11 bedeposited in the flat position wi由 .a sing1e 6
S.W.G. (or 0.2 inch) electrode, using the maximum
curr四t of the range recommended by 也.em部ufacturer.
The test piece shall be so posi胁时d 出at the slope and
也e rotation of the weld are zero. The second weld shall
be started at 由at endwhere the first run was finished
after time interval of 4 to 5 se∞nds. 在le slage shall bè
removed after the test piece is cooled in stHl air to the
roo邵阳nperatu也The surfaces of 出，e weld shall be
visually 础amined 如r cr民ks.
The second plate shall be split and the welds broken
open as shown in Figure 伊. The weld shall not show
any evidence of hot cracking as indicated by oxidation
or temper colouring of 也.e surface of 也e fractures.
(5) Transverse tensile and bend tests- The transverse
tensile 'and bend test pieces shall be made as shown in
Figure 5* by bu悦-welding toge出.er two 1h inch plates of
suitable length and not less 也an 6 inches in width. 在le
plate edges shall be prepared to form a single V，伺 joint
和e details of which shall be as follows :
(See Figu搜 5a)给
Angle between fusion faces 600-700
Root face 1/8 inch.
Maximumg，甲 1/8 inch.
Theplat廷 edges shall be prepared as per Figure 5(a)*,
and pre-set to allow for slight distortion after welding.
Thεwelding procedure in making out the test pieces
shall be aαording 知 the position of welding as in
Table 1 below :
Table 1- Weldìn也 procedur穹 for preparatìon of transverse
tensile test and bend test piece
Welding position for test
pieces (a l1 angles ;é 50)
shown in Table 5 below
FLAT
Weld slope 00
Weld rotatìon 00
Weld仇:g P，切edure
1. All runs made with 8 S.W.G.
electrodes.
run- 6 S.W.G. elec泣。des.
Subsequent runs 5/16 inch día伽
meter electrodes for largest sìz告
2. 阳st
man时actured.
INCLINED
Weld slope 300
0
3高{eld rotation 45
First run… 8 S.W.G. electrodes.
S.W.G.
electrodes.
Subs♀quent runs 叩峨 6
(Contd...)
• As shown in
this Appendix.
42
lndian Boiler Regu1lltions
Wel~!ng
‘
Welding Procedure
position for test
pieces (all angles ;11' 50 )
s:hown in Table 5 below
HORIZONTAL.VERTICAL
Weld slope 00
Weld rot辑 tion 900
Fir军truη-8S.W.G.el配trodes.
Subsequent runs -
6 S.W.G.
el配trodes.
VERTICAL
Weld slope 仰。
All runs made with 8 S.W.G.
el缸trod辄
OVERHEAD
Weld slop哇。。
All runs made with 8 S.W.G.
. el缸主rod舱，
Weldro辈革tio1l 1船。
In a1l cases a backing run shall be made with 8 S.W.G.
el配trodes in the welding p臼挝.on applicable t.o the test
pil四e，础er cutting .out a groove .of 1/8 inch deep if
c.onsidered n时essary，制 in Figure 5(a)*.
一
些年st p~甲部 f.or壁雪山inclli叫些ndv可何'a1 p何理∞s
也ap. be welded using 烛 'upw缸命'时也叫s 削e豁
出e 配tr.od部 manufact出宫笛F磁a11yrec.omm倒也应at
g边.y the 'd.ownwards' me在od shall be used. If b.o也
meth侃事 arerec.om黯相ded， test pieces welded by 辅ch
method shall be made. .
Afterweld如.g，出.et四tpil町臼 shall be cut b.y sawingon
mad由由\g t.o f.orm .one tr~verse tensile, .one face-
bend and one root-bend test spec抽1酬，制 indicated in
Figure 5*.
(耐 Transve附 tensi1e test- Tr缸\Sverse tensí艳阳饭
.
s严也\eI\S shallαJ.gf.orm t.o注\e dimerisi.onsgiv部 in
6*. 在le upper and l.ower 织主rfacI础。f 在.e weld
Figure
边a1l be 甜ed，军ro\U\d .or machined level wi自由e
m严创刊。对伊回 surfac筒。f 注\e pla概Where 注1e
level with each .other the meta1 may be
cut awa.y to bring th础nappro后mately level, pr.ovided
也at 也e t1由灿ess of 血.e plate is not reduced by m .ore
t1lan a tota1 of 0.04 inch.
The tl四ts严cimens sha且也钮 be tl部ted f.or阳\Sile test
臼 in App.endix B.
plat!部 aren.ot
specimens sha1l be bent 设1r.ough an angle .of
1800 .over a former having a di怠meter equa1 t.o位技能
留翻白e 部位n臼softhes严出n.en， as sh.own in Figuré
7*.臼班主部t spec结1扭曲all be tested wi啦啦.e fa出 d
the weld in t.ension and .one with the root .of the weld in
tensi.on.
(8) Cruciform fillet weld tens i1 e test- N .ormal
p咄咄耐.on El时tr.od也古\especim阳\S shall be prep.缸ed
as sh.own in Figure 8".Care shan be tak.en出at 白?
c.entre lin础。ftw.o ve.此ica1 plates are in the same plane.
The parentme国础ed 边a1l beata 恼Pèrature betwe.en
50 …100 盯10。…撼。q irnmediately bef.ore d吨。siting
the first run .of weld me岖， τhe 主部ts阴C协缸\S shalln.ot
be subjected t.o an.y mech剧由l .or 也.em磁忧eatment，
.other than what is givεnin 也is appendix. The plates
shall be s.o p1aced 出.at each weld sha1l be deposited 扭
曲.e appr.opriate welding p .ositi.on , using the procedure
specified 趴 Table 2 bel.ow:
Table 2… Welding procedures for preparation of cruciform
川 fil些t w些主t?ppfk test 安 iec字号 for normal
The 始st
0
0
P创始饺'ation e}，配trodes
Weldi，骂gpo暗如z 声r te军t
pie础 (all angles ;11' 50)
s:hown in
T4协 5
何'eldi就g Praα'dure
below
FLAT
Weld slo归。。
One run-响 S.W.G. or 5/16
inches diameter electrodes.
W'eld rotation 00
副CLINED
Wel比1510阴始。
Not
more 撒在双 3
runs- 8
S.W.G.el棋协des.
W'eld rotat主.on 9O。
HO挝忍)NTAL-VERTICAL
We1d slope 护
Weld rotation 础。
V'ertical weld slope 90。
Not more than 3 runs-6
S.W.G. or 4 S.W.G. electrodes.
α\erun8… S.W.G.ele由'Odes.
OVERHEAD
Weld slope 00
Notmore 位朋 3 runs- 8 or
6
S.W.G.el，阳trod他
Weld rotation 1船。
仍 τ姐nsverse bend 棚←Theb也\d 栅t sp回部部s
d植II be 1 1/2 ind1踊 in wid也在le upp心:l' .and l.ower
The welding current used .shall be "8 per
surfaces .of the weld 动强llbe 笛led， ground .or 双\ad宿将d
levelwi生h theres伊ctive origina1栩如C锦 of the plates,
with 也.e p .r.oviso as in item (的命ove. 如1e tool marks
sh.ould be avoided as 自.eylead t.o l时ati.on .of stress and
ma.y cause premature failure. F.or 也is reas .on the
directi.on .of machining .of the surfaces sh.ould be a1.ong
也e sp配iri:tens and transverse 如出.e weld. The sharp
c.omers .of 也e test specimens shall be r.ounded 如 a
rildius n .ot exceeding 1/却总也.
The 始st pii配部 for the inclined o\Uld vertica1 positi.ons
shall be welded using 'up-war旬， me价\od， UI让.es8 出e
manufacturer specifica1ly rec.omm.ends 'd.ownwards'
method. 1f b .oth me血。ds 缸e rec.omm.ended, test pi!配es
weldedby 制.chme也od shall be made. The completed
test pieces sha11 be cut 让\t.o strips by sawing .or
mad啦啦\g 部 shown in Figure 8* and 也.e inner s纹ip
tested in 惚nsi.on 部 indicated therein.
rec部惊tendation of 也e 血anufadur辄
Figu.res on the following pag，部
.. As shown 汹汹必
App能tdix.
"As shownin 副总 Appendix.
Indian Boiler Regu1ations
43
APPENDIX - H.l
OIAME'I眼 d 叶必.41抵 FORη到纽..E τESTSPE(立MEN 护叩…斗UN.M应」一-1
= 0.450 剖.只)R n.在PACf TEST SPEC岛街NI
Oz5/8IN 捕泣如烟拙χ 拍照
I
T在NSILE 指51亦lGMACl岱.ffi GRIPS
…
I
lIN.
3贺ESE
FACES MUST BE FR五EFROM
LOOSE RUST AND SCALE
-1 I
INPRESET
…
POSITIOND
1.
i户 d-
1 灿阳INFORCEMENτ{
}川i:;↑仨刊飞习J，[
!卜.吧盯C盯印(C
…
$332
;i! 乒川飞材s 斗ji
一一-…--唰-­
WELD~
&而--'伽唰儒--
,
r~舰。
叫~L
B
L怒NGη王 OF
Ii [
WELDING JOINT 盟
7IN
yii7
事部
CUη 吧寸
--
PRE.SET POSmON
幅画"阳唰阳 M 喃蛐蛐腼-……·
-v
H
喃喃----
句句喃喃喃 ------j
B
"C=TI姐 CUTMAYBEFLM.但-CUT.BYGAS
CUTI1NG MACHINE OR MAY BE CUT
BY MACHINE TOOL OR SAW .
BACI<ING BAR
WELDINGON
METHOD OF PREPA汉ATION OF ALL-WELD METAL TEST SPECIM主N
FIG.l
O.25m血，
;:了 1.1叮
马:事
1. 69IN 如但N
TENSILE TEST SPECIMEN
FIG.l(a)
sτRIKING
DISTANCE OF PEl碍。'ULUM
F
5.2 in.
IMPACT TEST SP主CIMEN
FIG. 主
Fillet welds 1/4 in. leg 1<驱喀th
made in flat position.
METHODOFMA路NG
HOT CRACKING TEST PIECE
在G.3
lndian Boi1er Regulatiòns
44
\可0 .7γ
0
丁(
SINGLE
斗←
V军ECHAMBER
~- J.
6 in. min
_.!明明陶叫"咄咄幡
岳 in.
1/8
廿?
min
METHOD OF MAKING TRANSVERSE
TENSILE & BEND TEST SP'E CIMENS
GROOVING IN PREPARATION FOR
DEPOSITION OF BACKING RUN
FIG. 5 (a)
FIG.S
」山「
4" MIN. PARALLEL LENGl双
DIMENSIONS OF TRANSVEl主S军
丁慧NSILE TEST SP军CIMEN
FIG.6
METHOD OF CARRYING OUT BEND TESTS
FIG.7
NORMALPEN嚣TRATlON
ELECTRODES
DISCARD
。 irectiOl1
6in
of test load
J
METHOD OF MAKING CRUCIFORM FILLET WELD TEST SPECIMENS
FIG.8
Indian Boiler Regulations
45
APPENDIXH-2
(See Regulation 96)
Butt-weld tests- Deep penetration electrode~ The
parent metal shal1 be at a temperature be约明创150 and
1000F (1 00-38 0C) immediately before depositing the
first run of weld metal and test specimen shal1 not be
subjected to any mechanical or thermal trea挝1entother
than 注lat spec丘ied 讪 this Appendix. 咀le test pieces
shal1 be made by welding 始gether two plates not less
出an 6 inches wide and of the thickness spec证ied in
τ'able 3 below :
0
Procedure for Preparation of Butt.唰weld
Test Piec牵sD苦苦p Penetration Electrodes
Table 弘… Welding
Welding position for test
pieces (all ångles. ;: 5勺
shηwn ín Table 5 beloω
Welding Procedure
1. One run on each side of joint with
the largest size of 在lectrode manufactured. Plate thickness equal to twice
diame沁 r of the core wire or 1/2 inch
(whichev就 is les叫
FLAT
Weld slope 00
Weld rotation 00
2. On-e run on each side of joint with
the smallest size of e!ectrode
rnanufactured (but not less than 1/8
inch diameter). Plate ~hickness equa!
to atI east twice diamèter of the core
wlre.
3. One run on each side of joint with
1/4 inch diameters electrodes. Plate
thickness not less than 1/2 inch.
τhe
length òf the plates shall be sufficient to
accommoàate on one side the run length of a complete
electrode, but in any case shall not be less 出an1。
如ches‘
The joint edges of the plates shall be square cut and any
gap between the plates afte'r tack welding at the ends
shal1 not exceed 0.010 inches.
welding procedure shal1 be as set out in the above
the first electrode used for wèlding
础.ch side shal1 be consumed for its fulllength except
for a stub end of not more th部\ 2 inches. The welding.
current used shall be as recommended by the
manufacturer and each weld shall be deposited in the
flat welding positíOI) and started as shown in Figure 9气
百le
饭ble and in addition
... As
sh。有n
in this Appendìx.
Each test piece shall be somarked 出at the side first
wel巾d remains iden位fiable after 役le test specimens
have been cut out, as shown in Figure 叭Thespedmen
shall be cut out by sawing or machining to provide arc
tensile test specimen and two transverse bend
spec挝lens. The two outer discards shall be retained
and 也eir inner edges shall be pr叩ared and étched to
reveal weld metal one as required for 出e butt-weld
penetration test.
(1) Transverse tensile test- Transverse tensile test
spec惚.en shall conform to the dimensions given in
Figure 6 for such spec蛇1ens and where the surfaces of .
the plates are not level 出ey shall be made so by
machining or filling provided the 役úckness of the plate
is not reduced by more than a total of 0.04 inch. The
&pecimen shall then be tested for tensi1e test.
bend test… Each tÍ' ansverse bend test
specimen shall beof.a width equal to three times its
也ickness. 在le Upper and lower surfaces of the weld
shall be filled , ground or machined level with the
respective' orig坦al surface of the plates provided 位e
f民ickness of the plates is not reduced by more than a total
of 0.04 inch. The direction of machining of 也e surfaces
shall be along the spec坦.en and transverse to the weld.
Tool rnarks shall be avoided to el坦白ate premature
failure , and the sharp comers rounded to a radius not
exceeding one-tenth the thickness Qf the specimen. 百le
test specimen shall be bent thr∞拉 an angle of 1800over
a form:er having a diameter equal to th陀e times the
校ùckness of the spec出en as shown in Figure 10气臼m
tεst specimen shall be tested with the side first welded in
tension, and one wi白 the other side in tension.
(2)τransverse
(3) Cruciform fillet weld test- Deep Penetration
Electrodes…- The parent metal shall be 挝 a temperature
befween 500 and 1000F (1 00-38 0C) immediately before
depositing 也.e first run of weld metal. The 悦stspec泣\en
shall not be .subjected to any mechanical or thermal
trea饭时时 other than 佑at specified in 出is Appendix.
For each test piece, twopieces of plate, of sufficient
length to suit the testing machine shall be welded to a
出ird plate by means of fillet welds as shown in Figure
11气Care shal1 be taken 也at the centre lines of the
vertical plates are in 校\e same pl部\e.τhe width of the
plates shall be sufficient toaccommodate on ∞.e side
白e run le吨位 of complete electrode, butin any case
shal1 be not less 由an 10 inches. The thickness of each
piece of plate shall be as specified in Table 4 below.
... As shown in this Append以.
46
Indian Boiler Regulat切'5
百\e edge of each vertical plate 检utting the surface of
the horizontal plate shall be square cut (preparOO by
mac括ning， grinding or gas cuttin尉， and anY gap
between the horizont必 plate and the vertical plates,
after tack welding at 出.e ends in preparation for welding
shall not exceed 0.01 inch.
四\e w~lding procedure followed in making the test
pieces shall be as set out in Table 4 below with the
addition 出at the first electrode used for welding each
fillet shall be consumed for its fulllength except for a
stub end of not more than 2 inches.
Table 4- Welding Procedure for
Prepara悦。n
of Cruciform
F'illetWeldT臼tPi础s(阳叩 Pe附加tionEle惜。de吟
Welding position for test
pieces as shown 切 Ta始
s below (all angles :;~50)
Horizont在l-Vertical
……十~…一…"
Welding Procedure
.ZM2·ZCM
i
←创始N
创始叫:;
1.臼.e nmon 础ch
side of each jo战
with the largest size of electrode
，牛. ..'manufactured'.-Plate 航icknessequal
to at least twice diameter of the ∞m
wire or y.t inch. (whichever is less).
Maximum fi l1et leg leng也 shall be
1/8 inch less than the pla te thicknωs.
2. One nm on each side of each joint
with the smallest size of electrode
manufactured (but not less than Y.I
inch diameter). Plate thickness
equal to at least twice diameter of
the core wire. Maximum fi l1et leg
length shall be 1 月 inch les革 than
the plate thickneω.
Weld slope 00
Weld rota挝on 碍。?
。今2.2τ
3.α\e
run. on each sid苦 joint with JA
缸.chdìameterel!时饺'odes. Plate thickness not less than y.t inch 程nd fillet
leg length not to exceèd 3/8 阳ch.
百\ewelding currentused shall be wi也in the appropriate
range recommended by the manufacturer and each
weld shall be deposited in horizonta1唰vertical position.
η\e order oflaying down fillets
shall be as indicated by
the number 1, 2 and 4 in Figure 口气世\e adjacent fillet
shall be laid in opposite direction. Aft创， welding，由e
test piece sha11 be cut by sawing or machining as
indicated in Figure 11" and the inner edges of the two
outer discards shall be prepared and etch根据$严cified
for 注le cruciform fillet weld 始部战 t部始 for norma1
pene位ation electrodes 部 Appendix H-1.
τhe
test
spec出en
D 且 3T
shall then be testOO for tensile test.
• As shown in this Appendix.
TRANSVERSEB在NDTEST ON
BUITWELD SPECIMENS
FIG.I0
METHODOFMA附NG
CRUCIFORM
FILLETWELD 丁ES丁 SPECIMENS
Indian Boiler Regulations
47
X
TA8LE5
(SEE APPENDIX-H1 & H2)
DEFINfτlo.N F WELDING τERM5
CLA55IFICA:在o.N F C VERED ELECTR DE5
DEFINm N5 & PRINCIPLE5
DEFI
N5
WELDSLOP军 τHE SLOPE OF A WELD ISτHEANGLE 双双MEDB宫IWE卧J
n但 LINE OF W在LDROOτAND A HORIZONTAL REF黯ENCE PLANE
PLAC嚣。 B丑LOW THE LOWEST PORTION OF THE WELD. (see Fig. 。
o.
o. o.
o.
Nmo.
X14'-EXP·
o.
t'----^^
lC才
5ECτlo.Nx-x
AU
。
孩-M
QJVILM
Ro.τAτlo.NO
O
UIL
础
o.
n JJJJUJJJJJJJllU1JJJ}) J] }JD
5L PE
ELEVA:τlo.Nχ
豁口10N
5Lo.昆施。
即击。说
曾在e
h
门甘
x
1~ 1P
χ~
「 ---1 翩翩翩而 mi
l
o.
FIG.l
|
60。
灰飞
X
X
DIAG汉AM 丁OILLUSTRA丁 EWELDSLOI沱
ROTATION: n王军 ROTA'τION OF WELD IS THE Al唱GL主 FO民MED
B盯WE翠N THE UPP军R PORTION OF V主RTICAL REFERENC军 PLANE
W到ICHPASSEST寄去武.OUGH THE LINE OF THE WELD ROOT AND A LIN主
DRAWN FROM THE L孙JEOFτHEW主LD ROOT WHICH INTERSECTSτHE
WELDSURFACEAT ARIGHT ANGLEANDAPOINTEQUIDI们:ANTFROM
l
r-
飞\1\ ~Y
o.
5L PEOO
5ECTI N
Ro.TA:τlo.N90。
χ"χ
o.
ELEVATI N
5L PEOO
o.
SECT幻NX-X
♂二ROTATION 份。
W在LD
.
Y
EITHER EDGE OF THE WELD (see Fig. 2)
NOTE:
E.XAMPLES OF THE SLOPE & ROTATION OF VARIOUS WELDS
GIVEN IN Fig. 3.
A反应
X
5ECTIo.NX刷X
WELD A: 5Lo.PE 岳0 R TATI N 0。
WELD B: SL PE 35 0 R TATI N 600
EXAMI吨，戴 S OF 'SLOPE' AND 'ROTATION'
FIG.3
0
o.
主曹
~
…m个…
J
A
0 to
1900
I I
二-
No. Ro.TAlτo.N
o. o.
SLOPE
ROTATIOt唔
NOτ 五XCEED-
NOT 区XCEED-
ING 10.
ING1霄'
EXCEEDING
100 NOT EX-
NOT 草XCEED唰
ING90.
CEEDING45。
to
5IDEVIEW 一 LIMITSOF
5LOPE
$以Y3ML份
ILLUSI二
FIG越 4
F
.
FIG.5
H
VERTICAL
EXC罢王DING45。
ANY
v
F苦.7
bVE黯法AD
NOT 主XCE王D-
E.XC军军。孙~G 苦奋。
O
FIG.8
.
FIC.6
孙IG450
NOT军:如EFIV在 POSmoNS DEFINED A船'VE COVER ANY POSSIBLE
COMBINATION OF SLOP军 AND ROTATION 织)1双AT 军VERY
WELDCANBECA臼SIFI主D IN ONE OF THESE 双泥moNS
THEl孔Bl..E ABOVE
IS FOR FIG. 4
o.FRo.TATIo. N
法AτlON
E.XCEEDING
10. NOT E.X而
CEEDING900
TAL
VERTICAL
ENDVIEW … LI阳τ's
FIG. 4 FLAT (F)
o.
NOT E.XCEEDING 10。
HO民IZON-
0 0 to 100
~乌o 10。
WELDfNG P051在o.N5: WELDING POSm N5 A汉E
DEFINED A5 F LL WS
口咀CL孙JED
10。
o.FWELD
FIG.2
FLAT
o.
o.
0
DIAG汉AMS TO ILLUSTRATE WELD ROTATl ON
汉宠mON窑
o.
o.
SIDE VfEW - LI如11拍o.F
END VIEW - LIMITS
Ro.TA:ηo.N
5L PE
FIG.S INCLl NED (I)
o.
o.F
~ιτ:τ0. 10。
5IDEVIEW …口基忍τS o.F
5L PE
o.
FIG.6 日 ORIZONTAL -
END VIEW -
LIMITS
Ro.τAτ1m、1
VE汉TICAL 制}
o.F
48
lndian Boiler Regulations
'CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND
APPLICATIONS
(vi) CarbQn Steel Fil1 er Rods一 (GRADE 1)
(U)
FILLER RODS FOR GAS WELDING OF STEEL
98 A. (a) The following provision shal1 ap'p1y to filler
rods for gas welding of boiler parts and stearrνpipes(i) Manufadure- The filler rods 由aybe madeby
any method that shall yield a product conforming
to the requirements of these regulations.
Size of Rods…白le nomina1 size of rods shall
refer to the diamete主 of 注le rod whích 吉hall be
expressed in millimeter二The tolerances on the
speciiied diameter of the rod shall be plus or
minus 0.05 mm. for rods 1.6 mm (1 /l 6in.) and
over 讪 diameter， and plus or minus 0.03 mm.
for rods less than 1. 6 蛇出1. in diameter.
(iii) Pa!:king and Marking.… The filler rods shall be
suitably packed to guard aga拙stdam负ge durÍI飞g
transportation and each package shall be marked
with the following informations :
Name of Manufacturer.
Year of Manufacture.
Trade name of Rods.
Size and 伊拉ty of Rods.
(iv) Test- The rods shall be s由Ijected t。如itial tests
and periodic tests to ensure 也at 也.e requirements
of these Regulations are fulfilled.
(v)τest 仪式ificate一 τhe manufacturer of user shall
where called upon by the Inspecting Authority
of the Chíef Inspector of Boi1ers próduce the
resu1ts of the most recent periodic check test
carried out on filler rods representative of 位le
rods sped如d.
制)
a
FIG. 8 OVERHEAD
主
-ROTÞi下JON
mMQM
VIEW - Ll MJTSOF
、
Y
tJ
、
应 ND
0
nu
OF SLOPE
0
陆刷仙 Mm
SIDEVI主WγLIMITS
I 90 TO 180
p
0
、pzz
90" TO 180
γUU-h
。OTO 是5。
in
(V)
nM 划
FIG. 7 VERTICAL
mTm
雹
PLAN …i?UMITSOF
ROTATION
gPEVIEW-LIM130FSLOPE
mwRed--如
dmd
oummn浏阳
(a) Chemical Composition一如le Chemical
composition of the rods shall be as given
below:
EMXMm
0.10%
xx 0.60%
0.25%
0.050%
0.050%
(b) Application… These rods are intended for
applicationwhere a minimum butt-weld
tensi1e strength of 35.0 kg/ sq盔 m. (22.0
Tons/sq. in.) is required.
(vii) Carbon Steel Fi11盯 Rods…
(GRADE-II)
(a) Chemical Composition…The Chemicàl
.compositionof 注terodsshaU beasgiven
below'
Carbon
1.10 to 0.20%
0.10 拾。 .35%
Silicon
Manganese
1.∞ to 1.60%
Sulphur Max
0.040%
Phosphorus Max
0.040%
When the carbon content is in 也，erange of
0.10 to 0.12% the manganese content shall
be not less 和an 1.20%.
(b) Application.:..- These rods are intended for
application where a minìmum Butt峭weld
tensile strength to 44.0 kg/吨. mm. (28.0
tons/吨，阳.) is required.
(viii)Carbon Molybdenum Steel Fi11衍 Rods(a) Chemical Composition- The Chemical
composition of the rods shal1 be as follows:
Carbon
0.15% max.
0.25 to 0.50%
Silicon
Manganese
. 0.60 to 1.50%
Molybdenum
0 .45 to O.仍%
Chromium &
Not more 位朋 0.20%
Nickel
each (if prese时都
a residual).
Sulphur
0.040%
Phosphorus max
0.040%
,
。)
Application.… These rods are intended for
welding of (aUoy st时Is of the) 1 /2%
molybdenum type with or without
chromiu双1.
‘
lndian Boiler Regulatíons
CHAPTER III
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKMANSHIP
GENERAL
99. Pr~paration of plate蓓一 The edges of a11 plates and
butt straps shall be machined or flame cut by machine
and 血.e caulking edges shal1 be bevelled to 矶 angle
not sharper 出an 20 degrees to 位e pl缸le of the plate
and between 70 and 80 de在rees wherever practicable.
Plates which are to be flame-cut by machine without
heat treatment or subsequent grinding or machining
sha11 not have a carbon content higher than 0.26 per
cent.
Where the carbon contentexceeds 0.26 per cent heat
tre础nent， grinding or machining shall be carried out.
The edges of a11 plates sha11 have a smooth finish.
49
106. Thickness of Shell Angle Ring萨…- Where shell
plates and end plate are connected by means ofan
extemal angle ring, the angle rings shall be no less in
thickness 位an as follows:
(1) For shell plates upto and
10 per cent in excess
induding 5/8 inch in
of the thickness cif the
thickness.
shell plate.
(2) For shell plat苦 exceeding 5/8 90 percent of the
inch in thickness and upto
thickness and not less
and including 1 inch in
than 11/16 inch.
thicknes嚣，
{主)
For shell plat吉s over 1 inch
in thickness.
n母55
SHELLS , ANGLE RINGS, BUTT STRAPS, ETC.
102. Cylindrical Shells… Each ring sha11 be bent while
cold to cy1indrical form to the extreme ends of the
plate. The bending shall be done entirely by machine
and heating or hammering is prohibited ,
103. Position of Longitudinal Seåms- Each ring of
plate forming the she11, barrel or drum shell, where
practicable, be in one piece and have its longitudinal
seam well out of 1ine with those of 出eadjo肌ing rings.
In Lancashire, Comish, and other types ofboilers, where
parts of the shel1 are exposed to flame, the longitudinal
se.邵阳 shell, where practicable, be in the steam space,
arranged altemately on each side of the crown and
clear of the brick work.
104. Circumferential and End Seams- The calculated
efficiencies of circumferential joints based on the
thickness of plate determined by Equation 1, sha11 be
notless 白an38 percent forjo担ts connecting and plates
with cylindrical shells or 42 per cent for intermediate
joints. In no case, however, shall 由e efficiency of an
intermediate joint be less than 50 per cent of that of the
longitudinal joints. Where the she11 plate thickness
制使eds 11/16 加. the intermediate circumfere往往aljoints
shall be double riveted.
105. Angle Rings- Angle rings for the 挝tachment of
end plates to shell plates and/or flue sections sha11 be
ro11ed or machined so 出的 they fit closely to the flat
and cylindrical surfaces to be connected, and shall be
machined or machine gas cut on the caulking edges~
of 1 inch.
107. Welded Shell Plate←-币\erequir础\ents of welded
shells sha11 be covered by the provisions made in
Regulations in Chapter V or Chapter XII，部 the case
.-ma豆b也
101. Minimum Thickness of Plates- No boiler plate
shall be less than 1A inch in thickness.
Made from angle b在r
havinga 部ction 趴ick­
一一一一一
108. Longitudinal Seams… τ'he longitudinal seams of
she11 belts sha11 be butt才ointed with double straps when
the diameter or Working Pressure exceeds the limits
stated below:
Type 01 Boìler
Loco 丁ype
Vertical Type
Other types
Wlzen dìameter
exceeds
Pressll 陀 exceeds
Feet
Lbs./ Sq. in.
2*
2∞
6
125
80
6
Wltetl Workillg
109. Butt Strap伽- Butt Straps shal1 be cut from the
she11 plates, or alternatively, a11 the butt straps of each
required thickness shall be cut from one plate. 咀飞e
lengths of the straps wherever practicable shal1 be
transverse to the direction of ro l1ing of the plate.
Straps shall be pressed or bent in rolls to 位e shell
curvature.
110. Thinning of Butt Strap s- Thinning of 也.eendsof
butt straps which tuck under she11 rings, shall be done
cold by machine and not by heating or hamrnering.
The shell plate shall be notched out to receive 出at
位linned end of the butt strap，印出的 there shall be no
undue thinning of the butt strap.
111. Alternative Construction- As an altemative to
the tucking of butt strap ends under the shel1 rings, the
ends may be terminated at 出e edge of the shell rings or
ends 缸ld electrically welded 位飞.er.ε柿，
112. Local Welding of Butt Seams一 (a) The ends of
longitudinal butt seams of shell rings may be welded
for a length not exceeding three times the overlap at
50
Indian Boiler Regulations
社le c让cumferen位al seaI吉\， provided
(c) In all cases the front end plate 事lsset stays below
the fumaces shall be placed as cIosely as possible 抬出e
mudhole
fr拟ne.
(b) Only metal arc welding of the bl.ltt seams of shell
(d) Where flat end plates are flanged for connection to
rings shall be permitted.
the shell, the 坦side radius of flanging shall be nòt less
(c) Where hemispherical shell crowns are pressed from
出an 1.75 times the plate thickness, with a minimum of
plate they shall be pressed to form by machine in
11h. in.
progressive stag创 wi伎l0ut thinning and on completion
115. End Plates in Ste部n Spaces- When 也eendplates
shall be annealed.
ofboilers situated in the ste挝我 space are liable to contact
革NDPLATES
with hot gases, the end plates shall be efficiently
sheilded from such contac t.
113. Flat End Plat部一创 The plat创 of boilers shall
pretezably be in one piece made from one EOIled Fiate.1116.Hemispherical Crowns一(苟 All segínents shall
be pressed hi. one heat to correct curvature.τne adjacent
Altematively, the end plates may be bu过d up fro~ t~o
pl;tes shall be cIosely at the seams and .wh~rever
pieces by riveting or byfusion bu位-welding. In ~e
latter case，阳 line of weld shall be parallel to 由e
possible at the junction of two seams 阳 plates shall be
machined down to provide at a fairsurfãce to 也e joint.
horizontal axis of the boil:r and the ex:.tire plate~~er
If the 白inning is done by heating and hammering 也e
flanging shall be subjected to stress relieving and the
weld shall be radiographed.
plate shall be-subsequent1y 邸mealed.
the butt straps are
run as cIosely 部 practicable to 也e circumferential se部n.
…(b)-Theperipheralflangingof end plates shall be.done_…刷工he …cylindrical..portion...of.the_crowns'hall be
by machine. Such flanging shall preferably be done in
tangential to the hemispherical portion and 部 truly to
the she江
one operation, but whe扭曲is is impracticable sectional
or creep machine flanging may be permitted, provided
117. Dished End and CrownPlates…(吟 τhe dished
也at 注1~ plate is wor如d at a suitable temperature, and
end plates of boilers shal1 preferably be in one piece
出e plate is heateq to an ad吨uate distance beyond the
made from one-rolled plate. If血isis 加lpracticable
portion'under Ímmediáte treatmen t.
owing to the large diameter, the dished end plate may
(b) In boilers 7 ft. 6 in. diameter and above，也emudhole
fr部主le shall be fit阳i with a peak to re-inforce the po民ion
be made from two plates fusion butt welded toge出er
and in such cases the requirements of stress relieving
and r a.diographic examination as provided for in
Regulation 113 shall 叩plyand the llne of weld shall be
parallel to the horizon阳1 axis of the boiler.
The inside radius to which a plate is dished shall not be
great时注1an the extemal di归抗，eter of the shell to which
it is attachèd, except in 注le case of Lancashire and
Cornish boilers when the radius shall not exceed 11 /2
times the diameter of the shell.
(b)古le inside radius of CUl'vature of the flanges to the
shell or firebox shall not be less than four times the
thickness of the crown or end plate and in no case less
than 21h. inches.
(c)τhe inside radius of curvature to uptakes sh硝 be
not less than twice the thickness of the crown plate and
in no case less than 1 inch.
(d) Bunged mouth-pieces may be welded on to end
plates in place of the orthodox flanging for the
attachment of 如口1ace tubes. Such welding shall ∞mply
with provisions of Regulation 125.
(e) Manhole frames may be similarly welded on the
front endplates, and will 悦 subject to prov始ions of
孜egulation 125.
of the end plate between and below the fumaces, and
riveted thereto with rivets of
similar pitch to be remainder of the frame.
118. Tube Plates- Smoke box 如be plate号 shall be
flanged for attachment to the barrel or shall be flat and
connected thereto by an extemal riveted angle ring.
(bb) In the construction of unfired boilers when the
dished ends do not form a part of the heating surface,
cold spun dished ends conforming to IS : 2825 may be
used.
(c) Care must be taken to see that 位e flanges are circular
and of good surface, free from 10cal irregularíties, and
出at 役ley are parallel and 叫U缸e with the flatpart of
the plate. For the purpose of relieving intemal stresses,
all plates which have been flanged or locally heated
shall afterwards be efficiently annealed unless during
the last stage of manufacture they have been uniformly
heated 位1roughout.
(d) Flat po抗ions of end plates, on ∞mpletion of all
flanging and mach趴ing operations, shall be flat. and
free from set or distortion.
114. Strengthening of Flat End Plate at Manhole一{时
In the end plates of Lancashire Boiler 守pe the mudhole
in the lower part of the front end plate shall be fitted
with a flanged riveted strengthening ring, the thickness
of the flat portion of which shall be not less than 1.5T +
1/8 in. Where T equals the thickness of the end plate in
inches.
校让sp臼k shall be securely
lndian Boiler Regulations
119.Par怡。f Flat Tube
Plates within the 言'ube Nests一
the total area of all tube nests in directly
fired multitubular boilers exceeds 7 s号 ft. ， st冻y tubes
shall be fitted.
树Where
Where the total number of tubes in horizontal
multitubular waste heat boilers and direct fired local
type boilers is arranged in one nest, the area of which
exceed 21 sq. ft. stay tubes shall be fitted.
In all cases where the total number of 阳bes is arranged
in more than one test, stay tubes shall be fitted.
(b) The parts of tube plates which lie outside 出e nests
of tubes shall be s均red or supported wherever 出e size
ofthe 盯eaofplate 部垮ect to steam pressure necessitates
staying or support, either by marginal stay tubes or
other means.
120. Fl anging of End Plates- All flanges shall be a
good fit to the shell and flues. Flògging and/or
hammering in the fiUing of these parts is prohibited.
The caulking edges of all flanged plates shall be
machined or machine gas cut.
FURNAC主S
121. Furnac棉 in General一 ωNo fumace or firebox
top, wheth衍 plain or corrugated, shall exceed 7月 inch
in thickr程凯 and all circular sectioned fumaces when
new shall be as near the truly circular form as the type
of joint w il1 permit.
(b) The use of Z angle rings for fumace foundation
seams shall be prohibited.
(c) As an altemative to riveting fumaces , fumace
crowns, uptakes 衍\d other plates not in tension may be
jointed by fusion welding provided the conditions laid
down in Regulation 122 to 129 are complied with. The
end connections of such plates to 位\e shell or shell
crown shall also co黯ply with sucl飞 conditions.τhis
cons位uction shal1 not apply to fu红\aces of Lancashire
and Comish type boilers consisting wholly or plain
sections.
122. Furnaces of Horizontal Boilers… (a) The sections
of the internal flues shall each be in one plate and shall
be bent while cold to circular form and shall be welded
longitudinally.
(b) The maxirnum pem让ssible variation in diameter at
any cross翩section shall not exceed the thkkness of the
plate.
(c)τhe
weld shall be placed at 也e low衍 part of the
flues, and shall break joint in successive sections by at
least 12 inches.
(d) Each flange for the circular seams shal1 be formed
at one heat by suitable machinery.
(e) The sections shall be allowed to cool gradually to
avoid intemal stresses.
51
(f)τ怡 caulking edges of all flue flanges
machined or machine gas cu t.
s抽泣 be
(g) 白le circular seams shall be arranged so 出时 theydo
not fall in line with those of the adjacent flue or with
the circumferential seams of the shell and are at least 6
inches apart.
(h) When flues are flanged for attachment to both end
plates the totallength of each completed flue shall not
exceed the le鸣th of 也e shell measured from the inner
surface of the back end plate to the inner surface of 出e
front end plate, both adjacent to the shell.
(i) Where 校le flues are flanged for attachment to 也e
end plates, the end sections shall be 1/16 inch 出icker
than the remaining sections, except in cases where. the
calculated thickness is over 13/16 inch, when the end
section shall be 7/8 inch in thickness.
。) The flanged portion of fumace rings shall have radius
of curvature of not less 由an 1 inch on water side.
(k) Sections of corrugated flues 皿ay be fusion butt
weldedci主cumferentially and afterwards stress 搅lieved
by heat treatment.
(1) As an altemative to Adamson flanges，如m时岱 which
are partly fitted with corrugated sections shall be
strengthened by means of suitable stiffening rings
adequately welded to the furnaces. The moment of
inertia of the stiffener shall not be lefs 由an63αunx 13
mm. (21;2" x 1;2").
123. Fumaces of Vertical Boilers一 (a) The fumaces of
vertical boilers may be constructed in one or more
lengthwise sections, each section being 芷olled from onε
plate to a full circ1e. In such cases，位\e component
sections may be jointed drcumferentia在Y by electrically
butt welding or riveting. Where welded, they shal1 be
stress relieved都
位的 In the case of vertical boilers where tube plates
form part of the firebox, the tube plate portion may be
constructed in two vertiéal sections and the vertical
seams when welded shall be stress relieved.
(b) Circular fumaces shall preferably be tappered, a
tapper of 11/2 in. in diameter p.er 1 foot of height being
recommended. The minirnum water space at the bottom
between 设le furnaces and the shell shall not be less than
2 in. for boilers upto 2 ft. 6 in. in di忽neter 缸ld shal1 be
not less than 21 /2 泣1. for boilers over 2 ft. 6 批 diameter.
(c) Where hemispherical fumace crowns are pressed
from one plate they shall be pressed to form by machine
in progressive stages without thinning and on
completion shall be annealed.
(d) Ogee flanging where integral with the firebox or in
a separate ring shall preferably be formed at one heat
by su
Ind肌 Boi1er
52
c(e) Fumaces of vertical type boilers may be atta.ched to
生he shell at the firehole by a solid rectan gu1ar section
steel ring riveted together or by a circu1ar ring of sub公
tantìa1 section fusion welded to shell and f泣曲。x. Where
the latter cons捡回tìon is employed the open忌gin 仙e
达\ell for firehole shall be substantial1y compens则dby
a ring welded on the outside of the sl:恕丑 plate.
伪 At the firehole 位叫出hox plate and 设'\e shell plate
may.be flanged and.fusion welded togeth，低
124. Longi始dinal Seam必翩翩…The longitud弘al se部ns of
如maces maybe either :
如) Forge Lap Welded.
(b) Fusion Butt Welded.
(c) Riveted.
Longitudinal seams of furnaces exceeding 3/8"
泣úckness shall not be riveted.
主25. Fusion welded longitudinal seams- Where the
longitudinal seam is fusion welded the following
………………)…
ωa
(归
叫)
Plates 5/凡8 inch and 命
abοv
陀
e 坦
in 由ickr飞惚必舱$部
s shall be
bevel1ed from both sides of each abutting edge
but the bevel need not necessarily be 也esameon
翻白 side (see Fi.革g. 1 and 2). Plates 1，臼S 也an5/8
inchin thic灿.es may be beve l1ed from one side
only of eac:h abutting edge (see Figs. 3 and 4)..
The inc1uded angle of the bevel shall be not less
也an600 and 役\e bevelling may be any one of 位e
forms shown in Fi伊. 1-,-4.
Regulations
firebox is forge-welded it should 1主e allowed to
cool gradually.
126. Fumace Crown皿…. (时币\e furnace crown 点a11 be
made from one plate and the seam connecting it to 轨e
fumace shal1 not fall in line with any drcumferential
seam of 也.e boiler shell.
(b)白\e 缸mace crown may be riveted to 也e vertical
portion of the f泣eb饵， or a1tematively, the joint may be
缸sion butt welded by the electric arc process, provided
the conditions as to fusion welding in Regulation 1部
缸e observed. Where the joint is to be welded the edges
of the furnace crown and the firebox body shall be
bevelled in accordance with I王军.3 or Fig. 4. 在\e depth
of the flange of the fumace crown plate from 也e
commencement of the curvature of 也e flanging ràdius
sha11 be not less 也an four times the plate thicknes嚣
with a minimum of 1 1 /2 inches. on co黯pletion of
welding the firebox shal1 be.effectively stress relieved
by heat trea始lent (附a1so Reg. 128).
127. CrossTub盼;;;;-(a)Cross'tubes 忌h:allbemade丘。'm
weldless steel pip臼 or from plate or strip rol1ed and
electricr，辅以ance or fusion bu忧 welded pipes by electric
arc proce驰The fusion welding shallωnform to .the
requirements of Chapter 沼1τolerances on these pipes
shall conform 抬出e requirements of Regulation345.
Where welded pipes are used, the longitudinal welds
shall be 50 si饥lated that theyare not exposed to the
direct impact of flame.
(b) Cross tubes shal1 not exceed 12 in.intema1 diameter.
thickness shall be 5/16 in.
在\en山由num
(c) wl恕re cross tubes are flanged and riveted to 也.e furflanges shall be set to the curvature and tapper
of the furnace and sha11 be a 莲。od fit before rive位19...
nace 也.e
FIG.l
FIG.2
ι_600~ 今
YZV
…
飞 mml
3\/
{飞f
:t
扩
一一一\广一一
3
FIG.3
FIG.4
(b) In order to ob饭加 full pene饺ation of the weld
metal a gap sl:浪盟 be maintained betwe四 thepla泌s
whenth吗'are being welded. Joints shall be welded
frαn both sides, and the slag sha1l be 担moved
after making each run. Before the sec∞d side of
the joint is welded any slag or defect at the bottom
of the first run shall be removed by grinding,
chipping or machining. There shall be no
appreciable underω踊ng of the plate.
(d) Where welded construction is employed 位ü:! tubes
sha11 be of suffici照t length to enter the fumace plate
and 也e flush with the water side all round or project
not more than 5/8 in. into the water space at any part
of the curcumference. Where the tubes are fusion
welded 拙 positìon the firebox plates shal1 be suitably
chamferedand the jo肌ts shal1 be welded extema11y
and intemal1y (see Fig. 5).
Projecting not mot曹 than
5/8 in. at any part of
drcw:r由rence of tube
,
(c)
For 役le purposes of relieving intemal stresses
也.e plates adjacent to a fusion weld sha1l. be
efficiently 部neaIed after weldi吨， and when the
DE.τ:AIL OF WELDING
FUSION WELDING OF CROSS TUBES OF
飞f藏民TICAlCI主OSS TUBE BOIlERS
FIG.S
Indian Boiler Regulations
53
128. Uptakes… (a)ηìe uptakes shall be formed from
weldless steel pipes or from plate or s忧ip rolled and
electric resistance welded or 缸sion bu饮 welded pipes
by electric arc process. 在ìe tolerance嚣。n these pipes
shal1 comply 圳市出.e requirements of Regulation 345.
(b) As an altemative to riveting the uptake may be
fusion butt welded by the electric arc process to 也e
upward flange of the ope币ng in the firebox crown plate
provided the conditions as to fusion welding in
Regulation 125 are observed.τhe edges of the upward
但nge and the adjacent end of the uptake shall be
bevelled in accordance with Fig. 3 or Fig. 4. The depth of
the crown plate opening from the commencement of
the curvature of 航e flanging radius 位all benot less
在an twice the plate thickr恕部 with a minimum of 1
inch.αì completion of welding the uptake and crown
p 1ate shal1 be effectively stress relieved by heattreatmeI忧
Wherethe f.让ebox crown plate is a Iso fusion welded to
由.e body of the firebo几位ìe firebox co因.pletewi出 uptake
达ìal1 be effectively stress relieved by heat treatment of
completion of the welding.
(c) Weld~d uptakes shal1 be so arranged that 出eweld
is directly facing 血e longitudina1 centre line of 也e
Bismuth not more than O.∞3 per cent.
Ironnot mo搜出an 0.01 per c础t.
Lead not more than 0.01 per cent.
Nickel not more than 0.15 per cent.
Phosphorus not more than 0.10 per cent and not
less 泣础。.015 per cent.
Sel臼ium not more than 0.02 per cent.
Tellurium not more than 0.02 per cent.
Tin not more than 0.01 per cent.
Piec臼 cut
from the parent material after being heated
in hydrogen for 1h阳山时 8∞。C and subsequently
cooled, must show no edge or surface cracking when
subjected to a dose bend test as described belo肌
性\e t，辅t piece AB is bent by steadily applied pressure
or a succession of blows at right angles to the leng由
AC and flattened c10部 until A assume事 the position
indicated by D (see Fi肝re 5A).
TEST PIECE A FOR OXYACET'lLENE WELDING OF COPl可ER
....
G
俨唰- -
-
--
.
--棚...，
一咖
'
m部由。le.
129. Loco τype Fireboxes一 (a) The foundation seam
shall be of rive始d construction but al1 other seams may
be welded subject to the depth of the flange being such
由献出e welded seams fa11 between 也.e 1st and 2nd
rows of screwed stays or between 街e flange and the
adja僻挝 row screwed stay.
(b) The firehole mouthpiece maybe s抽úlarly welded
when the 如ebox and shel1 are flanged for the purpose.
(c) 古\e welding shal1 comply with Regulation 125.
(d) The welding of copper f让eboxed shall comply with
the follow阳gre肝la位on.
•-
129A. Welded Join始如 Copper Fire Boxe
(i) Sωpe-Allweld站在 of ∞pper plates shall be canied
out by the oxy-acetylene process. 技\e Inspecting
Au生hority may at his discretion also permit the use of
propane, butane or other suitable fuel gases.
(泣) Parent Metal…Phosphon添 deoxidised arsenical
copper in the fu l1y annea1ed condition shal1 only be
used for welded copper fire boxes.
The composition of 出.e copper shall be within 也e
following limits :
Phosphorous Deoxidised Arsenical Copper
Copper (silver being ∞unted 础 copper) not le部
位an 99.20 per cent.
Ant烛。ny not more than 0.01 per cent.
Arsenic not more than 0.50 per ceI飞tandnotle部
出an 0.30 per cent‘
NO沁fINAL1在ICKNESS
OF τ蒙STPIECE
怀flD1H
w
(。
{总}
{每均
(iv)
UPTO-BUτNOT
3/8"&
INCLUDING 3/8"
ηUCI<ER
IN.
IN.
1/2
1
IN.
IN.
11/2
11/2
。队X.)
(MAX.)
仁AUG底 LENG1H G
2
4
8
s
PARALLEL LENGτH
协组N) P
21/2
41/2
9
9
1
1
1
E
事
12
18
18
民AD即SAT 5HOULDER
服N)R
~PROX.τOTALL我阴阳
WID1H OF 1HE MA1宠RlALτ'0 BE TE5τ'ED 15
OF 1HE P汉EPA汉ATlON OF τ民革
STANDARD TENSlLEτ军ST PIECE, A Pl ECE OF 在现 FULLWID1H
OF τHEMAT军RIAL MAY BE U5ED.
WHEN
τHE
INSUFFIO军NTTO P益也UT
/-脚相回，
Aι工工工工工工飞……
C
FIG.5A
0
IB
(iii) Filler Rod- The 血ler rod shall be phosphorus
deoxidised no卧arse时明1 copper and shall contain not
mor窜出an 0.15 per cent and not less 也an 0.04 per cent
phosphorus wi由也.e optional addition of silicon upto
0.15 peI 四时缸\d with th怠 optional addition of silver.
古\e
basic copper used for the manufacture of the filler
rods shall either be cathode copper or elec坟。lytic tou快
pi时\ high conductivity :
54
Indían Boiler RegttIations
Ch emical Composition of Cathode Copper
Copper (silver being counted as copper) not less
than 99.90 per cent.
Bismuth notmore than 0.001 per cent.
Lead not morethan 0.005 per cent.
Total of metal1ic 挝\purities (excluding silicon,
phosphorus and silver) not more 出.an 0.03 per
cent.
ChemicalComposition of Electrolytic Tough
Pitch High Condudivity Copper
Copper (silv盯 being counted as copper) not less
than 99.90 per cent
Bismuth not more than 0.001 p位 cent.
Lead nòt more than 0.005 per cent.
Total of all impuriti创 (excluding silicon,
phosphorus, oxygen and silver) not more than
0.03 per cent.
Where silicon has been added 抽出emanufac如m
of the filler rods the ar饥ount present in the filler
‘
→→roosná1fbestit副岭在台白pplíéi:.………
Test pieces cut from the filler rod after being
heated in Hydrogen for yz hour at 8000 C and
subsequently cooled must not show any surface
cracking when subjected to a close bend test as
described 如 dause (ii) above.
(iv) Mechanical Test- The welding technique shall be
tested as fo l1ows ;
Three test pieces shallbe cut from the welded test
specimen and shall be prepared to conform to the
dimensions of test piece A. The weld shall be left in 出e
unhammered state and shall be machined, filled or
ground to remove excess weld metal and a maximum
of 5 per cent of the thickness of the plate form 柏油 side.
Each of 出e three tést pieces shall be tested. and shall
show a tensile strength not less than 9 tons per sq. inch
for plates over 1/2 inch upto and induding 1 inch 抽
出ickness.
(v) Number of Tests- One test plate not less 也an6 in.
long shaU be welded by eachoperator (or pair of
operators) employed on the work to represent each 15
公. of welding or part thereof. Thetest plate shall be
welded, using the same form of joint and weld加革
technique as that employed on the work and wherever
prac悦cable shall be directly attached to the welded
se缸旦出。也挝 welded joint it represents.
STAYS
130. Bar Stays- Bar stays shall not be welded at any
par仁They shall preferably have plus 泣rreads， the ends
of the stays being upset or the 忍让ddle portion being
reduced for 设ùs purpose. Stay bars which have been
worked in the fire shall be subsquently 那m辅led.
131. Longitudinal Stays-例 Longitudinal and simil盯
soij.d screwed stays shall be effidently secured with
nuts at each end and not merely riveted over. Where
they are over 12 feet in leng白，位\ey shall be suppo.rted
at in始rvals of 6 ft. along its length.
(b) Where the stay is screwed 仕\!ough bo出 plates， the
stay and holes shall have a con出uous thread and fit制
脱出 nuts and washers on the ou回de. Where 也e stay
passes 栓\!oughcle盯ing holes and intemal nut and washer
shall also be fitted. Where the stay is not normal to 也e
surface of the plate the washer shall be shaped 50 附 to
form a true surface for 出e nuts or a knuckle joint may be
fitted.
(c) In vertical boilers the stays shall either be screwed
into both crown plates or screwed into the fumace
crown plate and passed through c1earing holes 抽出e 、
shell crown plate.
13立 Nuts and Washers forStays-创 The washers
shall be at least 2Yz times the diameter of the threaded
portion of the stay and not less 也an 14 in. ir飞往ickness.
(b)白理应ickness of the extemal nuts shall be at least •
…~eψíalf江西Efdiã烛èt，岳挝泣ie'tru制âed por扳倒。f 甘le
stay. Where bar stays pass through clearing holes in
erid plates, intemal nuts of a 位留挝less not less than
two-thir巾 of the diameter of the threaded portion of
the stay shall be fitted.
133.]oint苦d Stays- Wh ere jointed longitudinal stay
盯e fìtted，设ley shall, where practicable, be fitted with
pins having an eftective sectional area 25 per cent ift
excess of that of the stay. If the pins are slack in 在i
holes, the total slackness shall not be more 也an 1/1 手
inch. The pins shall be as close as possible to 由e
shoulder of the eye forgihg.τhe shoulder of the forg国g
shall be at least 1/2 inch wide all round, i.e. the diameter
at the shoulder shall be not less than 也.e diameteξof
the hole plus 1 inch.
主34. Diagonal Bar or Rod Stays- The sectional ar制 of
diagonal rod or bar stay sha这 bear the same proportion
to 出at of a direct stay as the lengthof the diagonal stay
bears to the length of the perpendicul缸 line from the
end of the diagonal stay to the surface supported. The
ends of diagonal stays, shall not be bent, but shall be
attached to 也.e plate with revelled washers and nuts or
with riveted tee, blocks or angles and shackle pins (s例
Reg. 133 fo i: eyes and pins.)
SCREWED STAYS
135. Screwed Stays- (a) Screwed stays and the holes
for these shall be screwed with a continuous 也read.
(b) The screwed threads of 也e stay shall be dean fr册
from checks or imperfectiOI毡， of full depth, correct
Whitworth form and a good fit in 也e holes. The middle
portion shall preferably be tumed down to the bottom
of the thread.
(c) 丁he stays shall be screwed with fine thread
lndian Boiler Regulations
55
(d) 古le diameter of 出e stay over the threads shall not
be less than y.z inch or twice the thickne部 of the f让ebox
plate whichever is the greater.
{的 The pitch of the stays at the fumace of vertical
boilers sha11 not exceed 刊出nes 出e thickness of the
fumace plate.
(句Where
the stays are not fitted with nuts, the ends
shal1 be riveted ov衍 to fonn substantial heads.
Altematively stays may be screwed 也rough 出.e shel1
and firebox plates and the projecting ends sha11 be
substantially fillet welded in an approved manner. 在le
projec位onof 出e end of the stay fromthe surface of the
plate shall be not less than one quarter of the diameter
of the stay but in no case less than 1/4 in.τhe full end
of the stay shall be vìsible on completion of 由e welding.
(d) The toes of the girders shall be solid with the girder
plates and not separatepieces attached thereto.
(的 Girders shall be properly attached to the crown
plate by bolts or screws.
Not苦 Alternative methods of staying may be used for
unstayed firebox, crowns of special or patented de统萨
。f equivalent strength may be fitted (see Regulations
230, 231 and 232).
(f) Where an al1 welded firefox iSlitted，出e 在irderstays
may be welded to the firebox prior to stress relieving.
The 革irder stays shall be recessed for wat时ways as in
paragraph (b) (Fig. 6 and 7).
Such girders shall be securely welded by an approved
method to 趴e firebox crown. The method of welding
and the proportions of attac~ent sha l1 be to be
satisfaction of tlì.e Inspecting Authority.
{后 Crown
stays of Loco type hoiler军 shall ei出.er be
fitted with nuts or riveted over on the fire side.
136. Ax ial Drilling- All screwed stays less 也an 14 in.
long should preferably be drilled with a tell-tale hole
.3/16 in. diameter to a dep也 of 1/2" beyond the inner
face of the plate. Ståys which are obscure on one sìde
should preferably be made from hollow stay bar.
137. Stay Nuts一 (a) Nuts of screw stays in combustion
chambers and firebox shall not be less than 3,4 inch 创.ck
for stays upto 1Y.z inches diameter over threads, 7/8
inch thick for 1唰5/8 inches and 1-3,4, inches stays, 1 inch
thick for 1-7月 and2 如ches stays, and 1-1 月 inches
位让你 for stays over 2 inches in diameter.
FIG.6
×
(b) The nuts shall be made of solid mìld steel or of iron
which shall be
wi注lout
weld if exposed to flame.
138. Spacing of End Stays-Allowance for Curves,
etc.… For the tops of fireboxes and combustion
chambe杰出e distance between the rows of stays nearest
t。如 tube plate or firehole plate or back plate as 也e
case may be, and 也e commencement of curvature of
these plates at their flanges shall not be greaterthan the
horizontal pitch of the stays.
GIRDER STAYS
139. Girder Slays for Firebox and Combustion
Chamber Crowns一(时 Each girder when of the nonnal
句rpe， filted wi由 stay bolts and nuts, shall be of the
double plate interconnected type of suffidentstrength
to suþport its proportion of the load on 出.e crown to
support plate independently of the crown plate.
(b)币le clear waterway between the crown plate and 也e
undersîde of the girder bars shallbe as large as practicable but in no case le部也an 1y.z inches 部 in Fig. 7.
(c) The ends of the girders shall not rest on the landing
of the flat crown plate but shall be carefully fitted to
bed directly on the bendsof the comers of the ver收al
end or sid
GUSSET STAYS
140. Gusset Stays一 (a) Gusset plates shall be flat and
perpendicular to the end plates. 古legussetan到部 shall
be fitted to bed closely to 位e shell end platεandgusset
plates. (二ran挝ng or setting of the plates is prohibited.
(b) Gusset stays, where fitted , shall comprîseflat plates
S就ur~d by double angles to the shell and end pl~te
respectively, and shall be desi伊.ed in accordance wì出
the following conditions.
141. Breathi将 Space- 树 Gusset stays shall be so
arranged 部 to allow sufficient breathing space around
fumace connections and the tube nests.
lndian Boiler Regulations
56
(b) For Lanchashire boiler:事也.e propor砾。ns shown in
the table be~ow aIere，co:quneng~d fl饵 por阳 of the
md plates above 也.e fumaces and flues.
‘
四icknω ofEnd
Plate
L
(F也 8)
L
(f;誓，到
,
m.
1/2
9/16
5/8
11/16
3/4
13 /1 6
Above 13/16
10
11
in.
10
10
12
12
13
12lh
13lh
144. Gusset Riveting…(a) Rivets securing 事lsset.stays
shall not be less in diameter 也an thethickness of 血e
cylindrical shell plate 缸ld therive位ng sha1l bearranged
so 也at 血e strer咱也 of the shell plate where drilled for
也e gusset rivets shall not be less 也姐也e streng也 d
血e longitudinal seams.
(b)到ot
less
than 也ree rive始 shall
any 事届四t plate to any angle
p 1ate orto 位le shell plate.
be used
or any angle
toωnnect
to 也e 创d
BOIL蓝1这支汇TUBES SUB]EC
145. Steel and Wrought Iron Tube s-… Both plain and
stay smoke tubes may be made ei也erofwroughtiron
or steel and may be electric-resistance幡welded，
lapwelded or weldless.
146. Fitting of Plain Tubes- (的 Plain tubes sha1l be
expanded at both ends.ηle expanding shall be parallel
也roughout 由e 缸挂出ickness of 也e tube plate. P1ain
tubes may also be bell-mouthed, beaded, or welded 挝
the gas inlet end.
…
HG.8
FIG.9
(c) Fig. 8 shows 位ebrea也ing space recommended for
也e following çondi辰。ns : Flat end，如mace or flues
ßanged for attachment to end plate, fumaces and flues
formed wi出 Adamson ßanged seams.
{御自各 9sho阴阳温arcon也tions to Fig. 8 except 白at
佳\e end p 1ate is ßanged outwards f就由e 缸mace orflue
由19 connection, the brea也ing spaces a1lowed being 1 in.
m.ore 阳n those for the same thi做翻 s of plate in Fi荡.8.
(e) Where a corrugated section not less 船舶 6 feet long
is included in each intema1 flue of a Lancashire boiler,
由ed协.ensi∞sgivenin 出e table above may be reduced
byapprox烛ately llh in. 位rou阱out.
{号It is recommended 也at the breathing space below
the furriaces and flues shall be 叩pro治mately one half
of the diamensions given 坦阳…吟le above川here 部
it is desired to useany 0血er arrangement w.抬出自ives
a greater or less degree of flexibili吵，由祭出no出\t of
breathing space shall be specia11y considered and
mod监.ed as the necessity of the case requires.
(g) For Gusset stays above tube nests, as fitted in waste
始就 boilers without intema1 fumace嚣" a breathing space
of 8 ind飞es fro血也.e centre line of 吐le top tubes of the
centre of the toe rivets of the gusset angles is
recommended (see Fig. 句，
142. Gusset Angles- The gusset angles c∞Z始cting
也e stays to the shell and end plat部 shall be at least
7/8thofthe 出ickness of 也e shell plate, but sha1l be not
油器出.an lh in. 也ickness.
1岱. Load on Gusset Stay- Ead飞 gusset stay supporting
the end plate of a boiler sha1l be designed to carry the
whole load due to pres部re on the area supported by i t.
(b) Wherestay tubesa照 notfitted， 1he-:endsof"the
tubes shall be beaded over at the fire box end and
beaded or bel1-mouthed at the 0白er end. If bellmouthed, the tubes 也a11 pro细lde not less 出an 1/2
inch. beyond the tube plate.
sτ'AYTUB主S
147. Screw 百ueads of 5tay Tubes-…但.) Stay tubes shall
be screwed at bo也 ends with continuous 由reads， and
the holes in 出.e tube p 1ates sha1l be tapped wi也 con笛"
nuous 也reads. The pitch of the 注ueads sha11 not be finer
位部 11 出reads per inch.古lestaytub邮址\all be expand时
by ro11er expanders and nôt made right by caulldng only.
(b) 5tay tubes may be attached by welding in which 也随
由ey sha1l not be adjacent wi由抽出e same tube r础t
础cept 如 l阳1 areas, where not more 也an twoa，呜acent
stay tubes may be attached byweld如g. 百\e form of
at:t:ach沈阳\t sha1l be such 由at 也.ere is a mechanica1 hold
in addition to 也.ewe1曲\g， as shoWn in Figuie9A. on
completion of welding 血e stay h如此瑞 be lightly reexpanded.
,
TUBE PLATE GROOVED
3/8IN. MlN
FlLLETWELD
TUBE EXPANDED AND BELLED
?那OR TO WELDING
TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF W缸LD益。 STAYTUBE
FIG.9A
lndian Boiler Regu1ations
57
148. Stay Tubes- (啡 5taytubes are tubes having a
weld depthe气ua1 to the nominal tube thickness plus 3
8氓且metres. These stay 饥lb部 are not required within
tube nests except when the tube nests ∞mprise 饥lbeS
which are expanded only.
(b) If tube nests comprise plain 阳bes 出at are expanded
and beaded, expanded and belled or expanded and
welded, welded stay tubes shall be used in boundry
rows in sufficient numbers to carry the flat plate
loadings outside the tube area.
(c) For plain tubes or stay tubes exposed to flame or gas
o
t础lperatures exceeding 6OO C, the ends of welded tubes
shall be dressed flush wi白白e welds. If not so exposed,
the ends of welded tubes shall extend a maximum of
10 millimetres beyond the weld or，椒油e case of
expanded tubes the tubes shall project beyond the tube
plate upto a maximum of 15 n堪limetres.
(d) Each stay tube shall be designe社 to car叩 its due
proportion of the load on the plates which it supports.
(e) 币\e thic泌ess of stay tubes welded into tube plates
shall be such that the axia1 stress on the 出.innestp缸tof
the tube does not exceed 70N/mm2,
(。 τhe 剧ckness of stay tube at any p缸t shal1 not be
less thanthe values shown in the Table below. Minus
tolerances sha11 be taken into account wh础 ordering
tubes.
TABL院
Nominal outside diameter in millimeters
~otexceeding
Exceeding 38
Ex销时总.g 51
Exceeding 70
Exceeding 76.2
but not exceeding
but not exceeding
but not exc苦苦ding
but not exceeding
Exceeding 部.9 but not exceeding
Exceeding 101.6 but not exceeding
Minimum
thickness in
millimeters
38
2‘ 28
51
2.81
70
3.12
76.2
3.38
88.9
3.96
101.6
4.26
127
4.55
149. Thickened Ends of 5tay Tubes一If stay 沁bes are
required to have 也eir thicknes窑 increased at the sαewed
ends 印出时也e 出.ckness at the bottom of 由e 位treads
is approximately 出.e same as in the body of the tube
the 也ickening shall be attained by upsettirig and not
by welding pr创ess， and the tubes shall be annealed
延ter the upset位咯·
150. Load on Stay Tube争皿….5t吗r tubes shall be desi萨.ed
to carry 出.e whole load due to pressure on the area to
be supported. In each case the area to be calculated is
as fo丑ow:
(a) For a stay tube wi由in 也e tube nest the net 挝ea
tobesuppo:加d shal1 be product of 仕\e horizontal
and vertical pitches of the stay 饥lbe less 出e 缸ea
of 位\e tube holes embraced. Where the pitch of
也.e stay tube is irregt总缸也e area shall be taken
as 由.e
square of the mean pitch of th~ stay tubes
(i.e. one quarter the sum of four sîdes of any
电uadrilateral bounded by four adjacent stay
tubes) less the area of the tube holes embraced.
(b) For a stayin the boundry row the net area to be
supported shal1 be the area endosed by lines
passing midway between it and 出.e adj耐烦\t
p。如ts of support less the area of any 饥.IDeS
embraced. The 硝烟挝 points of support Il'Ìay
be other stay tubesor the commencement ()f
curva阳re 材 flanging of centre 1如e of the circle
of rivets secu也嘻也eendplate 抬出e shel1 ang1e.
BOILER AND SUPERHEATER TUBES SUBJECT
TOINTERNALPRESSU汉E
151. Steel Tubes- 创 All tubes which are subject to
intemal pressure of water or steam shall be cold drawn
or hot finished seamless or electric resistance welded
in accordance with Regulations 36 to 63. Except as provided for in clause (b) below 也ey sha11be wi也outjoint.
告) Tubes having an extemal diameter not exceeding 5
inches may be jo监ted and such joints may be flash
welded, machine forge welded arc or gas welded. Tubes
above 5" diameter may also be welded provided they
are located outside the fumace. 5uch welds must
conform to the requirements of Chapter VIII.
(c) Flash welding shall be undertaken on a welding
mach.ine of a 守pe approved by 也.e Inspec位凉。fficer.
白\e extemal fin caused by welding shal1 be removed
su均ect to a maximum height of 5 per cent of the tube
outside diameter. 如e intemal fin shall a1so be removed
subject to a maximum height of 20 per cent of 仕\e wal1
thickness of 也.e tube.
(d) Arc welded but joints shal1 be made by the metallic
shielded arc process and post weld heat treated
effectively except in 生he fol1owing cases:
for alloy st，臼1一
(i) in case of 0.5 Molybdenum 5teels if 应ickness
does not exceed 13 胆n and outside diameter
does not exceed 127 mm.
{均 in ca四 of 1 Chromi山n;生 Molybdenum s怡el if
部.ckness does not exceed 13 m照我nd outside
diameter does not exceed 127 mm and p陀佛
heated to 1250 C.
(ili) in case of 21A Chromium 1 Molybdenum steel1
post weld heat 校部加lent is not necessary under
位.e fl。在owing conditions :
(1) a maximum specified Chromium. content of
3.0%,
。} a maximum nominal outside diameter of
102α\ffil
(3) a maximum thickness of 8 mm,
(4) arna对黯础nsp配出.edc彼bo饥 content of 0.15%,
(5) a maximum pre-heat temperature of 1500 C.
58
lndian Boiler Reglllations
For carbon steel(i) a thickness of 9 mm when the carbon percentage
does not exceed 0.3000; and
(ii) a thickness of 20 mmwhen the carbon percentage
does not exceed 0.250.
(e) When gas welding is implied the technique followed
shall be approved by an Inspecting Officer.
(f) For design metal temperature Qver 454 0 C (850 0 F)
material to be used shall be in accordance with the
Regulations 48, 53 and 56A.
(g) 白le technique émployed in all field welding of
tubes shall be subject to the approval of the Chief
Inspector of Boilers.
(h) All butt welds of fubes shall be 怡sted as. requ让ed
hereunder:
(i) Components Greater than 178 mm (7 inch)
Bore- All welds shall be non-destructively
tested by radiographic or other approved
→→十一-一__.....methods. ___ '_…斟)…→-~~-→
(ii) Tubes Greater than 102 mm (4 inch) Bore and '
upto and inc1 uding 178 mm (7 inch) Bore- 10
per cent of the welds by each welder, selected
at random with a minimum of 2 welds per
welder, shall be subjected to non-destructive
examination by radiographic or other approved
me血。d.
(iii) Tubes 102mm (4inch) Bore and Under-S缸口ple
welds s面lUl由19 出e production welds shall be
provided for mechanical testing either at a rate of
2 per cent or after each 150 welding hours with a
min面lumof one s缸nple weld per welder.
Altematively, 5 per cent of 由e welds made by each
welder selected at random, with a minimum of one
weld per welder, shall be subjected to non-destructive
examination by radiographic or other approved
method. This rate may be reduced to 2 per ,cent by
arrangement with 仕le Inspecting Authority after initial
satisfactory results have been produced.
In the event of any non-destructive test not meeting the
requirements, defects in 由e welds represented by 由at
test shall be rectified and the Inspecting Au由oritymay
call for an increase in the number of non-destructive
tests until such time as a satisfactory standard is
achieved.
(i) All butt welded joints shall be subjected to nondestructive examination by radiographic, radioscopy
or other approved -methods such as ultrasonic testing,
magnetic partic1e inspec位on or liquíd dye penetrant
inspection. When radioscopic examination is to be
performed in lieu of radiography on welded
componen怡， the following requirements shall be met,
nam，ely:一
(1) A written procedure shall be submitted for
approval to the Inspecting Authority which shá.ll
contain the following:一
(i) Material and the thickness range;
(ii) Equípment qual证ications;
(iii) Test object SCM plan;
(iv) Radioscopic parameters;
(v) Image processing parameters;
(vi) Image display parameters;
(vii) Image archiving requirements;
(viii) Accept-reject criteria (Code reference);
(以) Performance evaluation;
(x) Operator identification.
(2) The system shall be aided with an image
processor to enhance the quality of the
radioscopic images and system performance
quality shall exhibit一
(i) A thin section contrast sensitivity of 3%.
(ii) A .thick sectioÌl contrast sensítívity of 2%.
(iii) A spatial resolution of 3 line pairs per mm.
(iv) IQI sensitivity - 2% of the joint thickness
when wire IQI's are to be used, the wire
diameter axís shall be oriented along the
axis of the least sensitivity of the system.
(3) Ra dioscopes are to be properly marked to corelate with particularpart of joint represented.
(4) The radioscopic examination data shall be
recoI也d and stored on video-tape, magnetic disk
or optica1 disk at 由e maker's plant for a sufficient
period after the date of radi部copic examination
as spec证iedby 出e Inspec由19Au出ority， efficient
radioscopic examination record recall shall be
made available at any time over the record '
retention period and shall be traceable to 出e test
objects.
(5) When rep甜 has been performed as a result of
radioscopic examination，由e repaired areas~hall
be re -examined using 出e same radi侃叩ict蛐
nique to evaluate the effectiveness of the rep甜.
(6) To aid in proper interpretation of the radioscopic ,
examination data, the details of 出e technique
used shall aαompany the data. As a minimum,
the information shall inc1 ude the approved
procedure requirements aild systems
performance test data".
152. Attachment of Steel Tubes- (a) Tubes shall be
connected to 出e tube plates by one of the following
methods:一
(1) Expanding.
(2) Strength welding.
(3) Mechanical bolted bail joint.
lndian Boiler Regulations
在) Drift or roller expanded tubes shall project through
也e neck or bearing part in the holes by a t1east a quarter
,
of an inch and shall be secured from drawing out by
being bell mouthed to the extent of 1/32" for 帆çhinch
in diameter plus 2/32'\
(c) Tubes may be seal welded into fittings or headers
forbo也 boilers and superheaters after they have been
expanded and flared provided the mater悦 in the
fittings or headers does not contain carbon in excess of
0.35 per cen t.
(d) In the case of drifted or roller expanded t泣如es，也e
阳be holes in the tube plates of (捡回I毡， pockets, or heêlders
shall be formed in such a way that the tubes can be
effectively tightened in them. Where the tube ends are
not normal to the tube plate，位lere shall be a neck or belt
of para1lel seating of at1east 1h in. depth measured in a
plane normal to the axis of the tube 挝在e holes.
, (的Where tubes are streng出 welded direct to the tube
plates, the technique followed shall be approved by the
Inspecting Authority and all welds shall be suitably heat
泊~ated. In the c那e of plates below 22 mm thickness, the
陀quirement of st主ess relieving by heat treatment after
weldingof the tubes may be waived provided the weld
掘出fies 出e requirements of the maximum hardness and
also 出.e requ挝ments concernir唱出e impact values of
the weld metal. The welding procedure adopted and
出e weld sequence selectOO shall also be 创坷ect to the
approval of the Inspecting Authori纱. This provision is
applicable to only shop welding of tub部 at the
Manufacturers' Works.
(f)τubes spacers, supporting dips and lugs may be
welded to the tubes. Flash welding of studs for
supporting refractori邸， etc. , is also permissible.
(∞
g) τh
挝
etubess
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ha
孩础
llb
检
es
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oa
挝rr旧
m
孔缸ng
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a
咛
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e
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153. Copper Tubes… Copper tubes upto one inch in
external diameter may be used for small boilers; such
机lbes shall be not less than 12 S.W.G. thic k.
HEADERS, MUD BOXES, ETC. OF WAT军RTUBE
BOILERS
154. (a) (i) Headers and Mud Boxes, etc. ofwater tube
Boiler may be of seamless or welded steel,
。 r of cast s 始时 complying with the
requirements of the provisions contained
in regulations 73 to 80. Where welded, the
weld坦g shall be stress relieved, radiographed or u 1trasonically examined and in
all respects shall be to the satisfaction of
the Inspecting Authority.
(ii) Open ends of seamless steel tube headers
may be dosed by forging or the ends may
be secured by boltir鸣， screwing or wel
59
be used where the bo 1ts are exposed to or
are swept by gases of combustion.
(iii)τhe method of attachment of the ends shall
be subject to the approval of the Inspecting
Au出ori纱，
(b) 览ach
piece prior to being fitted in place shall be
subjected to hydraulic tests to one唱nd吼-half
times the maximum permissible working
pressure of 出e boiler into which it is to be fitted.
(c) (i) The s1ighting hold doors and header caps
shal1 be substan往al and be capable of being
removed or replaced from time to t注'le
without loss of efficiency of safety. They
may be held in position either by means òf
bolts or by seal welding.
(ii) The bolts by which they are held in place
shall be fitted to them in such a way as to
satisfy the above conditions.
(iii) 古le doors shall be so designed th挝 they
will not blow out in the event of breakage
of the bolt.
(iv) Circular holes also may be provided in
addition to elliptical holes , if provision is
made to prevent the door bo1ts from
tuming, while securing the joint.
(d) All f1 anges shall have a fillet with a radius of
curvature at least equal to the thickness of the
necks to which they are attached.
STAND PIPES , PADS ET C.
155. Stand Pipes and Pad萨- Stand pipes and sea由19S
for car巧ring mountings sha1l be made of wrought, cast
or fabricated steel. τheseshall take the form of short
stand pipes, pressed steel plate saddles, forged pads or
pads cut from round rolled bar as m可 be most
convenient and secured to 出e boiler by riveting or
welding. Where short sìand pipes are used 出ey shall
be of solid forgOO , fabric成ed or cast steel.白ley shall be
carefully bedded to 出εshell before attachment and
where riveted the rivets shall be 50 pitched as to ensure
a tight joint. The jo拙由19 faces to which mountings are
to be bolted shall be macl出.00. Pads sha1l have sufficient
thickness to allow the drilling of stud holes for
mountings without the inner surface being pierced and
the length of the screwed por岳on of the stud in 出epad
sha1l be not less than the diameter of the stud.
主 56. Design of Stand Pipes一 τhe design of the
branches andstandpipe shall be regulated in the
following mannér:
{的 in order to withstand the maximum working
pressure or design pressure, the minimum
thickness of branch and stand-pipe shall be
determined in accordance wi白 the provisions
specified in sub-regulation 但) of regulation 338;
lndian Boiler Regu1a tions
60
(b)ωmpensation r'吨uirements
for opening~ in the
main pressure parts shall be determined in
accordance wi自由eprovisions of re思.tlation 279;
(咛 the
additional thickness sha11 be considered to
withstand superimposed loading due to
connecting pipe-work or fit出1萨，
The minimum thickness of the branch or standpipe
shall be the greatest of the values required above and
shall not be less 出.an 0.15 部 plus 3.2 mm where, do is
the outside diameter of the branch (in m皿):
Provided 由at the provisions of the regulations shall
not apply to such tube stub which have been designated
as tubes.
157. Pressed Plate Saddles- Where pressed plate
saddles are employed 出勾结'lall be formed to bed closely
to 白.e boil缸" and machined on 也e face jo组伽g 出e
moun由19andon 也eed萨嚣. The studs for attachment of
moun出.gs 迂阳'ewed 巾。u拱出.e saddle, sha1l each be
fitted with a nut on the 如side having a 也ickness e伊al
…缸也.e.diameter-Of.位e-s始d.-Where c践e.s沁dholes.do not
penetrate 加'OU拱出e 倒ddle，出Æd四g注\of 出政阻ewed
portion of 出e stud in 出e plate sha1l not be less 也anthe
diameter of 出es饥ld.
158. Seatings for Mountings- For pressùres not
exceeding 125 lbs. per sq. in. 血。因氓ngs wi位飞出e
screwed ends not exceeding 1 in. 5.P.T. may be used;
the screwed portion of any such mounting being not
less 出缸'\ 3/16气
性le
mountings may be screwed :
(a) D让ectly into the boiler shell plate, nuts being
fitted onthe water side or
(b) Into steel distance pieces 出.e le咱也时也read
engaged being in no case less than. the bore of
也emoun悦ng plus 1,4 in.
159. Attachment of Mountings…但) Mountings 血ay
be attached directly to any 甜甜。r end plate where 出e
p 1ate is of suffident 剧ckness to allow a suitable s山face
ωbe obtained for the attachment of 出e boiler
moun出gs.
(b)古\e min坦\um 出ickness at the hole in the shell or
end plate shall be not less 出.an the 自kkness required
for the maximum permissible working pressure
considering 也e plate as being unpierced.
Where 也e
boiler mountings are secured by studs,
studs shall have a full 也read holding in the p 1ate
for at least one diameter. If the stud holes penetrate the
whole thkkness of the plate. 咀\e stud shall be screwed
right through the plate end be fitted with a nut inside
having a 也ickness equa1 to the diameter of the stud.
Where bolts are used for securing moun位'lgs 也eyshall
be screwed right 出rough 也，e plate with their heads
加side the shell or end plate.
(c)
也，e
160. Insufficient Thickness of End Plate←(啡In cases
whe扭曲e 也ickness of the end p 1a te is 让lSuffident for
this purp铺位\emoun自\gs shall be joined to suitable
steel seatir飞.gs as provided in Re思主lation 155.
(b)古\e following constructions 邸 to s始nd pipes
attached to she11s and end plates shall be permissible :
。Where 白.e intemal\diameter of 注'le stand pipe
does not exceed 1 inch, the st栩d pipe maybe
screwed into the plate and fitted witl飞 a nut on
the waterside.
但)
Where the intemal diameter of the stand pipe
exceeds 1 inch but does not exceed 2 inches, it
may be screwed in and sealwelded.
(iii) Where the diameter of the stand pipe exceeds 2
incl邸， it may be welded to the end plate.
白\e
foregoing provisions as to. the 'stand pipe
sha11 be regulated by the fol1owing conditions :
{斗 when
stand pipes are screwed, the
机…一 ~sc提wingsl础llbe ofStandard.Pipe~hreadï
(均 wherestand p培es，
saddles or 0也er forms
of seatings are fabricated by fusion
welding 出.ey shall be stre销 re1ieved by
heat treatment befote attachment to 也e
boiler,
(ill) where the bore of the stand pipe or seating
and the hole in 也e plate does not exceed 5
inch部 plu翠 twicethe 出ckness of the plate,
也e sea椒'lg may be welded 抽出.e plate
without subsequent heat 位eatment of the
weld so made. Where the hole 抽出eplate
exceeds 5 inches plus twice the 注ùckness
of the plate, the plate to whlch seating is
attached shall be str部s re1ieved by heat
trea位nent.
1此 Attachment of Water and Pressure Gauge sWater gauge and pressure gauge syphons may be
a忧ached direct to 出，e front end p 1ates without 位le
interventi∞ of a pad or stand pipe, provided 出.eyare
flanged and secured by studs. If the studs are screw创
出rou拱出e p 1a te, nuts sha11 be 自tted on 出，e inside of
the plate.
162. Mountings on F1 at Plac毒←- Where 白.e flanged
mountings are attached direct to a flat p 1ate, such
mo田地飞gs shallbe provided wi由 a substantial spigot,
the full thickness of the boiler plate.
163. Bolts and Nu协… Bolts and nuts shall be mach抽ed
where they come in contact with 役\e flanges, and a11
holes in saddles 朋d pads sha在 be drilled.
Note: In all cases where boiler is lag:萨d the joi耐 of the
mountings shall be clear of the lag梆g surface or the
lagging kept dear of flange so tþa't the joint can be
inspected and, when necessary, remade.
lndian Boiler Regulations
61
MANHOLES, MUDHOLES, Eτc
164. Acc垂ss… (a) Sufficient slight and deaning holes
shal1 be provided to permit of efficient inspecting and
c1eaning. Such hol岱 shall normally be elliptical in form
and not less 出an 3th in. x 2th 阳
(b) A t least one manhole or sight hole sha11 be provided
in 出.e upper part of the cylindrical shell or in the shell
crown, or end plate and this shall not be less than :
Boilers not 苦'XCi吾eding 2 ft. 6 in.
Boilers over 2 ft. 6 in. diameter and
not exceeding 3 ft.
Boilers over 3 ft. diameter and not
exceeding 3 ft. 6 in.
Boilers over 3 ft. 6 in. diameter and
not exceeding 4 ft.
Boìlers ov母r 4ft.
m.
9x 7
12 x 9
14 x 10
15 x 11
16 x 12
(c) Wh ere the size of construction of 白e boiler does not
permit of entry for cleaning and inspection sufficient
cleaning holes shall be provided 怕 the shell for these
pu甲oses.
(d) 如here cross tubes are 且tted in Vertica1 boilers one
clear由19 hole shall be provided opposite at least one end
ofeach 如be. At the bottom of the narrow water spaces at
least three de都由ghol四 shall be provided.τhecle衍由19
holes shall be so ar埠ngedthat 出ecirc出时erentia1也s饭nce
between them does not exceed 3 ft. unless the foundation
归g is sufficlent悖 accessible to permit of clear出gand
inspection from the 让lSide of the boiler.
Not苦Wherever practicable the frames should be secureð
to the inside of the shells so th在t the shorter axis is
parallel to the longitudinal centre line of the boiler.
(e) Cleaning holes or mudholes in Loco Tope boilers
革hall be provided at 咽ch bottom comer of 出e outer
firebox casing, above 也εfire hole ring and on each side
of saddle plate in line with bottom of barrel.
{奇In the case of small boilers or where the foregoing
provisions are 血practicable the dεaning holes or
mu岳飞oles shall be as nearly as possible in the comer of
the outer fireboxcasing and the holes as large as
circumstances permit.
165. Compensating Rings 础\d Frames for Openings
in Shells-创 Comper飞拇指\g rings and frames for
openings 监 shells shall be of wrought or ca翠t steel.
在\e compeIlSa往on provided shall preferably be flanged
fram笛， which sha11 be fitted in a11 cases where the
shell plate exceeds 9/16 in. thick. Flanged frames shall
be weldless and shall be flan伊d or pressed to provide
a flat jointing surface for the cove乙
(b) All compensating rin萨 and frames sh司1 be forme(!
to bed dosely to 出e surfaces to be connected. Wh ere
attached to cy垃ldrícal shells and are 12 in. x 9 泣。r
larger they shall be atleast double riveted. All caulking
edges shall be machined or machine gas cu t.
(c) The flat jointing surfaces of all flanged or pressed
frames and a l1 doors or covers shal1 be machined.
166. Doors and Cross Bars一件 All intemal1y fitted
of man-holes mudholes and sig始holes shall be
of wrou革ht steel built up or pressed to shape and
armealed or made from one 生hickl1ess of plate with a
mac1'由ed recess for 出e join自\g material or may be a
steel casting. Their spigot part or 位e recess shall not
have a greater clearance 生han 1/ 指出 inch all round
i.e. , the axis shal1 not be less than 1 月th inch smaller
than the holes in which 出ey are fitted.
也ors
在}在le s阳ds or bolts of large doors may be screwed
through 出e plates and riveted over when the working
pressureof 出.e boilers does not exceed 200 lbs. per squ缸e
inch. When such pressure exceeds 200 lbs. per s气u缸e
ir烛， the s阳ds or bolts need not be screwed throu挡住\e
full 白ickl1ess of the p 1ate, provided 也at the depth of
screwing is not less 出an the diameter of the stud and the
stud is locked against 姐n由19 by welding or 。由ermeaIlS
approved by 校\e Inspec位\g Authori弯. Lugs may. be
satisfactorily welded to 红冶血。le doors for the attachm四t
of bolts. Al1 welds shall be made to the satisfaction of the
记spec由\g Authority.
(c) 忌temal doors for opening not larger than 9 in.x
7 in. size need only be fitted with one s仇址， which
shall be provided with an integral colar and screwed
through the plate with a nut on 位法 irtside of the door.
Intemal doors of opening not larger 出an5 趴. x 31h in.
may have the stud forged solid with the door or
screwed, be efficiently riveted to the doors. Where the
door of a mudhole cleaning hole or sight hole is
fabricated by welding for boilers not exceeding a
working pressure of 8.8 kg/αn 2 • (1251bs. per sq. inch),
the stud shall pass 出rou辞出e plate and be secured
to it by strength-welding on the irtside and filletwelding on the outside tó the satisfaction of the
Inspectin吝 Authority. 性\e door shall be stress relieved
by heat-trea位nent after welding.
{帘The cross bars sha11 be of substantial proportioIlS
and of mi1d or wrought steel.
167. Raised Manhole Frames and Cover Plates一位)
武创sedcircul缸 manhole frames not exceeding 16 inches
in diameter sha11 be at least 3/4 位lick in all parts. 古\e
circular cover plates and joint flanges for such frames
shall be not l臼sthan:
1inch 泣ùck for pressures not exceeding 120 lbs.
sq. inch.
1 X 111 / s inch thick for pressures over 120 lbs.
but not exceeding 2∞ lbs. sq. inch.
11,4 inch 校úck for pressures over 200 lbs. but
The cover plates shall be secured by at least
sixteen steel bolts not less than 1 讪ch diameter.
(b) Extemal raised circular mouthpieces shall be :
(1) formed in one piece without welds,
(2) formed from a suitable rolled section and forge
welded, or
(3) fabricated by fusion welding provided 出eyare
stress relieved by heat treatment after welding
and before attaching to the boi1er.
MM
R
ρIW
For pressures 250 lbs. sq. inch and over raised
circular manhole frames shall not be fifted.
nH
。。
nJU n nunu
yaA
62
-m/
n,,
nHav&/
of the shell plate plus 23,4 inches, compensation shall be
provided. Whe肥 a 1缸ge opening is cut in a cylindrical
shell to receive another part of the 耐ucture， the sides
where cut away shall be efficiently cross-stayed or
strengthened in some other effective manner.
(b) Riveted Construction- Where frames , pads or
branches are secured by riveting on shell for fixing of
mountings or other pressure parts, the sectional area to
be compensated shall be determined as follows : (see
Figure 25A).
OF STAND PIPE OR BRANCH
THICKNESS DETERMINDED BY
EQUATION (i) USING C=2.75 J=65
WHEN BUTT WELDED & J=95
Welds should be positioned so 出at 出ey are located on
血.e transverse centre line of the boi1er.τhe jointing flanges
of mouthpieces and covers shall be machined on the face
and edge and on the bearing surface for the bo1ts.
Bo1ts and nuts shall be machined where in contact with
flanges and the joints should be formed inside and
outside the bolts to preclude the possibility of flange
→一~一←← arstõitiσn.CöVi呈r pla:tès… shéill"be 乱isheâ -õTitwards to a
depth of approximately one-eighth of the internal
di缸口eter of the fr缸丑es.
出e
All frames and mouthpieces shall be closely to 出e
surfaces to which they are to be connected and where
riveted to cylindrical shells shall be at least double
riveted. All caulking edges shall be machined or
machine gas cut.
168. Positions of Manhole in Shell- M缸由oles in
cylindrical shells shall be placed as far as possible from
any riveted seams, preferably towards the back end to
the boi1er top.
169. Compensation Rings to Manholes 一 (a)
Compensation shall be provided in every case for the
part cut of a cylindrical shell for a manhole. 白lestrength
of the net section of compensating ring and also of the
rivets securing them to 出e shell, compared with 出at
part of the shell cut out, shall not be less than the
efficiency of the longitudinal seam.
(b) The spacing of the rivets shell be such as not to
reduce the strength of the shell plate below that of the
longitudinal seams.
170. Compensation for Cutting Large Holes in Shell
Type Boi1ers一 (a) Where holes are cut in 仕le cylindrical
shell for the pu甲ose of attaching a seating of 仕ame or
door, compensation shall be provided such 出at the
added sectiona1 area, including parts of the 仕amewithin
4 inches of the shëllcrr吐出cluQinz rivet holes, shall be
not less than the sectional area of tlï.e ptne--re盟oved
which shall be 血.e product of the diameter of the opening
and 仕le calculated thickness of the plate as found by
Equation 1. Where holes are cut in 血e cylindrical shell
for the pu甲ose of fixing seating for mountings and the
diameter of the holes is grea
T
-~生
OPENING IN SHELL
NOTE:AREA
Y 圈 TO BE NOT LESS THAN ARÈA X ~
COMPENSATION FOR RIVETED STAND PIPES AREA
TO BE COMPENS A:TED AND CORRESPONDING
AREA ALLOWANCE FOR COMPENSATION
FIG.25A
(i) The cross-sectional area of the frame or .pad
excluding rivet holes, or in the case of a branch
the cross-sectional area of the wall of the branch
and flange , excluding rivet holes, minus the
sectional area of a branch of the same borehaving
thickness calculated by equation 1 for the same
design pressure, using C=2.75, J=65 when butt
welded , J=95 when sèamless, plus the thickness
required to withstand externalloads. The area
shall be measured within the limit specified in
Figure 25-A.
Due i:ttl阴阳nce shall be made in case where the
material used for 恒e ~ aI\d/or compensating ring differs from that of the plate to which
it is attached.
63
lndian Boiler Regulations
{均在\e are我 obtained
by multiplying 在.e difference
between the actual shell thickness and the
calculated 削ckness， by a length
2 (3
Ts 嚣 Thickness
肌+
性忍耐eng啦。.f
rivets in double shear shall be taken as
1.875 times the strength of rivets in single shear.
RIVETING
Ts - D)
of the sheU plate in inches.
172A. Rivet Heads- The rivet heads shall be of any
one of the form (shown in sketch (i) Appendix H-4)
given below :
d = diameter of rivet hole in inches.
In cases where the sum of (i) and 但} is less than the
sectional area to be compensated, a compensating plate
shall be fitted having a total net cross-sectional area
equal to the amount of the deficit.
171. Rivets Securlng Compensating Rings and Stand
Pipes一{的 For Manholes or Frames- The total
effective shear strength of the rivets on each side of the
longitudinal ce主ltre line shall be not less 也an 位le tensile
strength of th挝 portion of the shel1 plate, as fo出\d by
Regulation 170, which is removed and the rivets
S自uring any compensating ring or frame shall be so
arranged that the joint efficiency calculated on any line
parallel to the axis of the boiler through any part of
such ring or frame shall not be less than the efficiency
of the longitudinal seam of the boiler.
(b) For Stand Pipes…Where the hole in 也e shell to
accommódate a stand-pipe does not exceed 8 inches
diameter the total effective shear s校ength of the rivets
on each side of the longitudinal cent主e line shall not be
less than 75 per cent of 位.ete邸ile strength of the portion
of the plate，都 found by 哀鸣ulation 170, which has
been removed.
DIA岛fETER
R政renα 仰ition
shown ín
as
Sketc弘2
Oistanα 如m
1. Snap head.
2. Ellipsoidal head.
江 Pan
head.
4. Conical head.
在 Round
countersunk hεad.
6. Pan head with tapered neck.
7. Steeple head.
8. Countersunk head.
The dimensions of these rivet heads shall conform to
the proportions indicated in the sketch.
The Chief Inspector may, at his discretion, accept any
alight variation in the proportion of these dimensions
and forms.
172B. Tol衍ances on Sh墨nk备一 τhe 知lerances on 位g
diameters of the shar业s measured at position XX, YY,
Z:Z shown in sketch 2, Appendix 日-4 shall be wi位in
the limits given in table below :
OF
S到ANKS
For rivets 50 and below in length
For rivets over 50 in length
AP严ndix H-4
rivet head
or end
Aifax.
Min.
孔1ax.
Min.
XX
0 plus 1/8 in. 8
o Plω1/64 inch for
0
o plus 1/ 64 inch for
0
w-m
0=1 inch and under
0=1 inch and under
D fromend 2
Ofrom 世nd
p
0-1/64"
D
2
APP军NDIX
P斗 /64"
。斗 /64"
H -4 - SKETCH 1 … HEADS FOR BOILER
RIV军τs
/-"';D
眩址。
但叫-D-叫呻
SNAPHEAD
PANHEAD
PAN HEAD WITH TAPEREO NECK
lnd级n
64
APPENDIX H -4 -
SKETCH 1 - HEADS FOR BOILER RIVETS
COUNTERSUNK HEAD
ROUND COUNTER
SUNKHEAD
Boiler Regulations
STEEPLE HEAD
CONICAL HEAD
APPENDIX H-4 … SKETCH2 … FORMS AND DIMENSIONS OF BOILER RIVETS AS MANUFACTURED
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UPTO 5 DlAMEτERS 以JNG， T日军 DIFFERENCE IN CROSS DIAMETE黯 15 NOT TO EXCEED l/l28IN. FO良民IVETSA蚁JVE
THE DIFFE民主NCE IN CROSS D1AM军控茸SIS 队。ττ'O EXC主ED 1/64 IN.l苦iEDlAM盯"ER OF 5HANK ANYWHERE SHALL
h盯T 嚣EG民EAT黯 t丑ANl苦iE MAXIMUM 5PEOFIED POSmON .X' OR L在路 THAN τHE MIN. SPECIFIED A'τPOSmON 'Y' OR 'Z' ,
5DIAM盯"E路 LONG，
lndian Boiler Regulations
65
172C. Rivet Holes- (1) 家ivet h dJ.es shall not be
punched, but sha11 be drilled full size from 出.e solid
plate, and wherever possible rivet holes sha11 be d总且ed
in place with plates, straps and ends bolted in p臼挝.on.
Af生缸 d忌监ng 出e plat臼 sha11 be separated, the burrS
and the sharp edges of 也.e holes sha11 be removed and
阳 contact surfac部 of 位\e plates shall be cleaned. A11
tac挝ing holes sha11 be drilleá t.o a size which will aU.ow
the holes to be en1arged 抽出ereψ泊d rivet size by
由自ing or reamering. A11 rivet h.o.加 shall be sli协W
countersunk under each rivet head.
(2) 肾\e diameter of 也.e rivet h .ole sha11 be n .ot m .ore
than 1/16 in. larger 血an the standard diameter of the
cold rivet as manufac饥且red.
(3) Where s泣础。.f rive始 are menti.oned the sizes re.如
毛.0 the diameters of the rivet h .oles n .ot t.o始回也am的ers
of the rivets used before c10s如g.
173. Riveting- (的Rivetssha泣如 cl.osed by hydraulic
machinery wherever the desi伊 of the boi1er pem协;
位.e rivets may be clo:阅dbyh韶址。，r pneumatic hammer
inpos挝onwhe把 hydraulic rive由\g is impracticable.
(b)延ivets
sha11 be of sufficient leng也 to 部1 rivet holes
and f.orm sound and substantial h阳缸. The heads sl曰11
befini血.ed c.oncentrica11y wi也枝\e rivet5或l.aIÙ<S. Rivets
sllallbet陡的ed 出ùf.orma11y 出roughoutth由也111，四阱\.
(c) Drift pins shall n .ot be used with such f.orçe as t.o
distort the riv挝 hol，郁. If the rivet h.ol部 are f.ound not be
fa泣 when 也，e plates are b .olted up for rive自\g 位\èh.oles
shall be reamered fair bef.ore the riveting is commeilced.
(d) For hydraulic rive位ng 白.e pressure sha11 be the ~ast
necessary to ensure a ti快t jo以 and only sufficient
pressure sha11 be used t.o c10se the rivets pr.operly and
securely without indenting buckling .or otherwise
d础\aging 位.epla比白\e rivets sha11 be a110wed t.o sl\r如k
while under pressure from the riveting mad由\e.
174. Fu11ering and Caulki鸣一All seamssh必lbeh现ered
orcaulked 恒side and .outside and 斟s sha11 be done in
such a manner that theplates arenot sprur戏。，rdamaged.
α王APTERIV
黯GULATIONS
FOR DETERMINING τHEWORK指
ING PRESSURE TO BE ALLOWED ON VARIOUS
PARTS OF BOILERS OTHERτHANFUSION
WELDED AND SEAMLESS FORGED DRUMS
•-
175. Maximum Pressur
The maximum pressure at
which a boiler may be used sha11 be detem\ined in
accordance wi位 the provisíons of 出is Chapter. 在le
R暗ulations in 出is Chap怯r
refer to material subj挝怡d
to stea血惚mpera'饥泌誓 not exceeding 5∞OF.
SHELLS
176. F.ormula f.or W.orking Pres8ure .of Shell- 树 For
cylindrical shells, barrels, steam and water drums, and
d .omes of boilers the max油umwor挝ng pressure per
吨uare inch to be a11.owed shaU be ca1cu1ated from the
fo11owing formula :
[Note: Where part苗。f drums' of water tube boiler理 are
perforated for tubes, the working p仪器sure shall be
calcu1ated by equa锐on (53) under 'Tube、Plates')
W.P.=
(t 叩 2)
x 5 xJ
CxD
Eqn. (1)
where,
w .orking pressure in lbs. per square inch;
t 嚣 the 位ickr隙ss .of she11 plates in 32nds .of an inch;
5= 也em如拙\um t，四si1e br，制挝ng stren拼" .of the
shell plates in tons per square incl飞.orwhatever
stren圳\ is a11.owed under Regulati.on 5;
I 胆由e'percenta萨。f strength of the l.ongitudinal
seams of shell .or of a line .of holes in the she11 or
stays, 1 .or rivets, .or of an opening in 役leshellnot
fully c.ompensated, whichev就 is least calculated
by the methods hereafter d臼cribed;
C 骂 is a co-efficient as fo11ows :
2.75 when the longitudinal sèams are made with
d .ouble butt straps and when sm怠11 shells are
f.ormed from solid s配tions;
2.83 when l.ongitudinal seams are made withlap
j.oints and are 加ble riveted;
2.9 when the long主tudinal seams are made wi出 lap
j.oints and are double riveted;
3.0 wh相 l.ongi阳dinal seams are welded and are
fitted with a single butt strap;
3.3 when the longitudinal seams are made with lap
j。如ts and are single riveted;
D 坦白e inside diameter of the outer strake of pla由咆
of 出e cylinderical she11 measured in inches.
W.P.= 错\e
(b)在le
factor of Safety sha11 in no case be less 白白 4.
性\e
actual factor of Safety in each case may be
from the equation:
fo山飞d
Fm14x c x - L
t叩 2
With the best form of joint and least co-efficient (c) the
Factor of Safety for shel1 plates , ~ inch to 13,4 inches in
吐出如顶部， varies from 5.13 to 3.99.
Indian Boiler Regulations
66
An aciditiort of 10 per
c~n! 费hall be made to 班e
for shells of boilers in which
也.e longitudinal se扭lS are lap join生ed and are not
accessible to c10se visualinspection and for shell plates
ofex始mally firéd boilers exposed to 由e 辙rect 挝\p缸t
of fumace flaInei provided 也就翻s addition shall not
apply 怕也.e stea黯 and water drums of wa在即执lbe
boilers where 佼\e drums are not c10se 抽出e fire幡grate
and 也.ere are tubes betweer飞 the firegrate and the d rum.
In the
(d) 白\eabove c萨efficient are standards and shall be
used only for boiler open to inspection by an Inspec出\g
Officer during the whole period of ωnstruction and
which 缸e cer悦fied by him as having been constructed
in accordance wi也出.e st韶dard conditioIlS laid down
secti∞.
M 也，ese 家egulations.
坟街\e 航
a.C饥阳la
叫
alpi让tch飞 i始
nde
硝t惚阳恕剧盯口
rm
(ç)
呼propria惚 Cφefficient
咀
177. Methods of Ca1culating the Strengthof Riveted
Joint.轩-.(的The percentage Qf stren拼\ of a rlveted joint
ψ-G)-shallbe found from仕le-followingformulaeii)，(酶，
(üi) : (i) and (ii) are applicable to any ordinary 可pe of
joint, (üi) 与我p2..l!.cable only 始也at 可peofj。如tinwhicl飞
出enur民b倍。f rivets in the inner rows is doub1e捡回t of
the outer row，注\e lowestvalue given by the applica悦。n
of these formulae 汹汹 be tak阁部位e percentage of
s饺销拼\ of the jointcompared wi出钱e solid pla比
100 (P …口)
(i)P
ZPIate percentage
100xAxNxCx5
PxTx5
{泣}1nRivet
(üi)
percentage
-- 2D1∞ xAxCxS
P
PxTx5
=c但由坦ed p 1ate and 1立vet percent.age
Eqn. (2)
Eqn. (3)
1∞ (P
f加t
formula (i) D is the diameter of the rìvet
and in the third formula D is 仕\e
diameter of the rivet holes in 注\e next rows. 拉出e last
formulaAis 出ear制 of one rivet hole in the outer row.
holes 阳 the outer rows
(b) When 钱\e secti∞al area of the rivet holes is not the
same in all rows, and when some of 位\e rivets a四 in
double shear and other啄 in single shear the rivet 提CtiOIlS
per pitch of each size inshear sha l1 be computed
separately and added toge也er to form the total rivet
178. When Pitch Exceeds Ma对mum Allowed- Should
出.e pitch of the rivets exceed the maximum pitch
allowed, the pem哇郎s踹sible pi让tchs边
hall be used 阳
inplac
岱
e 。时f
section. No greater percentagethan 85 shall be allowed
of riveted jo凶.
forany 守pe
179~-阳校-srr苟言 ana--g抖证每of~ìvè-fS~民
fëlOl\'
Rèquirements- 5hould the spacing of the rows of
rivets or 也.e dist.ance between edge of plate and rivet
:hole or 也e 位ùckness of butt straps be less than 和.at
specified in Regul捕。IlS 182 and 194 the percentage
repre铠民如慧出e streng位\ of joint shall be mod. ified as
prescribed in 啦。se regulatioIlS.
180. Percentage of Welded and Strapped Seam如-In
detem由由\g 由e 严rcentage of strength of a welded
seamcovered by a s饺ap or straps 出e form口iae and
allowances in Regulatio邸 177， 178 and 179 shall be
applied, but 50 per cent shall be added to the rivet
percentage for the weld.
也
E事件
wher.毡，
Single butt straps having ordin缸y rive拍电一
1. 125T 嚣 Tl
Eqn. (5)
FDT
呵4
4E·.
m一
m
Single butt straps having every altemate rivet in 出e
outer rows omitted咱··唰
platesintonspersquareinch， orwhatevers坟eng血
is allowed under Regu1ation 5 of Chapter 1.
182. Thickness of Butt Straps- The minimum
thic栩栩5 of butt straps for the longitudinal seams of
cylindrical shells sha在 be detemlined by the following
formulae but all straps 达\Ould be of sufficient 位ùckness
to permit of efficient caulki吨 and in any case shall not
be less than 3月 inch in thickness.
mw
广-m
Pis 仕\e pitch of rivets at outer row in inches,
D is the diameter of rivet holes ininches,
A 始 the sectional area of ∞.e rivet ho始如 square
mcnes,
Ni揭仕\e number of rivets per pit，命的，
Tis 也e 由ickness of plate in inch销，
C=1 f假如伽 in single as in 1ap join蚀， and1.875 做到ve饱
indou1:边e 由ear as in double bù忱由appedjoin饵，
51 is 伎\e 也e缸ing streng啦。f rivets, which shall be
taken 抽 be 23 toIlS per square inch for steel and
18 toIlS per square inch for ir加拿
S is 出e minimum teIlSile breaking 指出供 ofshell
181.P，锐'Centage to be a110wed for Solid Rolled Shell彩…
When small she11s are rolled fromthe solid, J. in equation
(1) shall be taken as 100 per ce悦
T
Eqn. (6)
lndian Boiler Regulations
67
Zig-za革 rive仙\g一
Double butt straps of equal width having ordinary
riveting.…
Eqn.(巧
.625T = T1
防-m
甲主
Double butt. straps for equal width having every
altemate rivet in 出e outer rows omittedmo-mv
ZOE
T
x
Eqn. (8)
Double butt straps of unequal width either having
ord部ary rivetin富， or having every a1temate riveting
吐\e outer rows omitted…
.75T =飞 (wide strap)
.625T = T1 (narrow s协p)
Eqn. (9)
Eqn. (10)
Where 飞= the 出ickness of the butt straps in 阳.ches.
The other symbols have the same significance as in
Regula悦。n 177.
S阳gle ai\d wide butt straps shal1, wherever prac始cable，
be on the inside of the shel1.
Should the thickness of butt straps be less 也an 出at
above described , the least percentage of joint as
deter在\ined under Regu1ation 177 shal1 be reduced in
the proportion of the actual 血ickness to the prescribed
鹿ic挝\ess.
183. Maximum Pitch of Rivet嚣 in Longitudinal
Joints… The m献站出m pitch of the rivets in the
longitudinal ì。如ts of boi1er she11s shal1 b
•-
C x T + 1.625 = m部放1um pitch in inches
丑伊.
(11)
Where,
T=τhe 出ickness
C
of the shel1 plate in inches,
is a co-efficient as given in the following tables
N挺 mber
of Rivets
pitch
1
2
3
4
5
严r
Co偷吃伊
forLAp
joints
1.31
2.62
3.47
4.14
.33P + 670 黠 distance between
cen树迦es of rows
Co-efficients for
single Butt唰
strapped joints
1.53
3.06
4.05
Co-e庐cientsfor
double Butt唰
strapped joints
1.75
3.50
4.6在
5.52
6.00
184. Spaci吨。f Rows of Rivels- (a) In jo拉格， whether
1apped or fitted with butt straps, in which there are
more 位朋 one row of rivets and in which there is an
叫ual number of rivets in each row，出.e distance between
the rows of rivets sha11 be not 1ess 役lan一
(码班机.
(12)
E等1.
(13)
Chain riveting2D = Distance between centre
始les of rows (R)
(b)In j。如ts
in which the numòer of rivets 坦白.e outer
rows is one-half of the number in each of the inner
rows, and in which the inner rows are chain rivets 位w
distance between the outer rowsand 出e next rows
shal1 be not less 也an as required by 叫uations 口号 and
(13) whichever is the greater, and 出e dist棚cebetw幌n
the rows in whích there are the fu l1 number of rivets
命al1 be not less 位an 2D (R).
(c) In joints in which the number of rivets in the outer
rows is one翩halfof the number in 锦ch of the inner
rows and in whích the innerrows are 对g-zag， the
distance between 出e outer rows and the next rows
shal1 be not less than一
.2P + 1.15D = distance between centre lines of
outer and next rows (苟且qn. (14)
百\e
distance betw锦n the rows in which there are the
ful1 number of rivets shall be not 1ess 出拍一
.165P + .670 = distance between centre 1in臼
of inner rows (~)
Eqn. (15)
where,
P is the pitch of the rivet in 位e outer rows.
D is the diameter of the rivet holes in inches or the
mean of the diameter of rivet h01es when the distanct'
to be delermined is betwe础 two rows of rivets of
different diameters.
(d) Should the distance between rows of rivets be 1ess
than as prescribed above the plate percentage
detern宙飞.ed by equa后on (2) sha11 be modified 出U萨一
actual dist缸\ce
1∞ [P … (2-.)D]
Fre民主ibed distance
p
= modified p1ate percentage
Eqn. (16)
(e) In a11 cases the clear space betw~en a rivet hole
and the edge of a place shal1 not be less than the
diameter of the rivet holes, i.e. ，也e centre of the rivet
h01e shal1 be at 1east 11h diameters distant from the
edge of the p 1ate (E).
Indian Boiler Re伊lations
68
,
condition be not observed, the
strength value of the ~vet affected shall be r'创uced in
也.e proportion of the ac如al distance between 也eouter
edge öf the rivets and the edge of the plate to 伽e
pr'制而bed distance.
Provided 也at if 由is
L
185. Circumferential and 军nd Seams of Water Tube
Boiler萨- 1he suitability of circumferential seams
inc1 uding the seams joining 础ds to she11s shall be
verified by 位\e following formula :
•
kxJx( 2)
is e弓ual to or greater 也an 悦P. Eqn.
'O xC
'0
1r
Ts
A
N
(1盯
langitud始时恼怒.
where,
K嚣 150 for 26/30 ta脂饭时ile plates,
K= 157 for 28/32 tons tensile plates,
Pue. to high假如esse也 see Reg.' 271 and 340.
WP= 百1ewor括ng press时e inlb队 per sq. in.
When the rivets are in double shear
single rivet section shall be allowed.
'of 也e shellshall，-ina1iâiti，制部也.è rmg~beli记liia:êã'ú1
出ecompen姐怕'\g 龄ctian.
位1怠 outer
C=
=
=
ring of pla枪s.
Circumferentia1 Joint effic副.Cy calculatedby
Eqn.20r3.
8.24 where the seams are ~de with lap joints
and are treble riveted.
8.44 wh黯re the seams are made with lap joints
and are double riveted.
9届 where the 盹础15 are made with lap join始
部tda黯 single rive也ed.
t= 由ickness
of plate
讪 32nd
181. Uncompensated Holes in Water Tube Boi1ers…
maximum diameter of any unreinforced ope而吨
shall not ex儒ed 'd' 拙 shown in figur嘟 9B cm.d 9C
su均ect to a maximum of 203 削阳的res.
拈.e
The notatians in Figures 9B and 9C are defined as
follows:
K 叫主主ι
\
即
of an inch.
1.82 fe
186. Compensation for Manholes and Other
Openin萨…The percentage of compensating 剖ction
shall be determined by the following form叫ae-…
2∞ (W 自 0) x
Tr.
(L + 2'0) + Ts
=Pe蛇entage s泣回唱出 of compensa出g
section
Eqn. (18)
8OxAxN
ι+ 20) x Ts
目 Per棚tage str四供 ofriv斜阳tia民
Eqn.
(19)
1.875 出n倒也e
Parts of raised manhole mouthpiec锦州刷nfo旧均ches
"--0=-如Êfêii磊黯融ëforæ奇怪11m泣记:n始汗革面丽丽的插到4
J=
where,
.width of compensation ring in inches
measured in 出e direction of the longitudinal
拟is of the boiler,
is the length of opening in shell in inches
measured in the direction of the Iongitudinal
axis of the boiler,
is the diameter of rivet holesin 拍.ches，
is the 出ickness of compensation ring in inches,
is 也e 也ick:ness of shell plate in 抽出础，
is 出.earea of one rivet hole in inch础，
is the number of rivets onone side of the
Wis 注\e
E守'\.
(20)
where,
d=M椒油\u皿a1lowable
diametre of O}础由\g (部
位.e case of an oper由'\g of elliptical or of round
form, the mean value of the two axes of 白e
op帘由\g shall be taken for d);
。= Outer diameter of the shell;
e = actual 俭让c阳也ss of the shelli
f = a1lowable str部Si
When K has a value of unity or greater，放\e
maximum size of an unreinforced opening
shou1d be 51 millimetres (2 inches).
lndian ßoíler Regu1ations
69
8.0
200
K 瞌 0.20
K 嚣。 .30
7.0
K 嚣。.40
埠
K 盟 050
。
..c::
u
旦
、-
~
E
E
6.0
i
kz07OF
5.0
、制
c
k 嚣。邱吉g晤
K= 。那 1 100
h
Q/
h
~
e
部
4.0
℃
5条
3.0
抖
耐
::E
2.0
1.0
K=O.99
andover
G
10
5
15
DRUMDIAMET翠R
25
20
X THlCKNESS (INCHES)
L…」
1
G
G民APH
15，础。
10，仅渺
5,000
DRUMDIAMET军RX THlCI<N段iS (MM)
NOT TO SCAL嚣
FlG.9B
~f手参，，~ ，，~
在 .0
50
寺
。-
~f'
~，，~
+1
4I4t(t;'/先!- ~=__....t.
200
K=O.90
z
i
7.0
K=0.92
…1
K 黠 0.9岳
K 罩 0.97
$0
、。
剧
c
j旨
24.o
100
耐
i
EJ:zj
"t:I
程
z 3.o
抖
帽
主
50
2.0
1.0
150
DRUM
DIAMET主 R
旬，∞o
GRAPH NOT TO SCAL主
忽略 over
X THlCKNESS (INCH弱毒
DRUM DIAMETER X THICI<1'也SS(MM)
FlG.9C
1，00;织)()
Indian Boiler Regulations
70
DISHED
~ND
PLATES
188. Complete Hemisphere Without Stays or Other
Support Mad.e of One or More Plates and. Subject to
Intemal Pressure-The maximum working pressure
shall be detennined by the following formulaW.P. 口
(t - 2) x S x J
Eqn. (23)
CxR
whe眩，
pressure in lbs. per squareinch,
t is the 也ickness of 也.e endplate in 32nds of an
W卫 is 位\ewor挝ng
inch明
S
W is the minor axis of 也e hole in inches.
Note: The foregoing provisions shal1 not preclude 伽.eu槌
of dished ends in comp1i矗nce with Regs. 275 to 278,
where not fitted with anup-take.
190. Dished Ends Subjects to Extem前到'e部ure-峭 h
位飞eca腿 of unstayed dished end嚣， for 出.ecc如efficient 15
in equation (24) 也.e co--efficient 12 shall be substituted
and R shall be the outer radius of curvature of plate
which sháll not exceed the external diameter of 也e
she挂 towhich it is attached. For plates expose 也e
fumace flamethe co--efficient shall b .e 10.5.
is 出.em趴如\u凯 tensU禽 breaking streng生h
ofthe
h noCase $hallEexceed235.
in tons per square inch, or wh~tever
streng血 is allowed for 底也瓢，
191. Dished End 01 Lancashire. and Comish Type
J is 出.e least percentageof strength of 出e rive怡d
Boiler&一份 For dishedends of Lancashire and Comish
jo阳.ts of 出e plates fonning 注\e hèmi哼here or
bodies formed in one.piece, without stays and subject
securing it 协 be cy1ind p,cal shell,
to in怡mal pressure 血em拟挝\um wor划ng pr恼sure
Ris 也.e inner radius of curvaturein inches, 一…...-.~ -shallbedetemûned-by-the-:following-formula旧………
四d plat理5
,
'Cfor 始唱1元际运EM7…~..~-.…一
C for double rive由\g is 2.9,
C for treble riveting is 2.83.
W 卫在
189. Dished. Ends Subject to In始mal Pre随时e…{的
For unstayed ends of 5恰am and water drums, tops of
vertical boUers, etc., when dished to partial spherical
form the maximum workingpressure shall be
detennined by 加 following formula一
W卫=
15 x S x (t-1)
R
Eqn. (24)
wher毡，
W卫 is 血e workiJ:飞gpr.栩栩.re
in lbs. pe玄 square 扭曲，
t is the thickness of end plates in 32nds of an 抽出，
R is the inner radius of cUÍ'vature of the end in
inches , which shall notexceed the eχternal
diameter of 轨e sheUto which it is 甜ached，
S is the minimum tensUe breaking streng白。fpla梅
in tons per square inch or whatever is allowed
for 让.
(b) The inside radius of curvature at.由.e flan窑e shall be
not le窑S 血an 4 times the thickness of the end plate, and
in no case less 出an 2~ inches.
(c) When the end has a manhole in
substituted for (t -1) in 出e formula.
轩剖，
shall be
(尚在\e
total depth of flange of m缸molefrom 白.eouter
surface in inches measured on the minor axis shall be
at least equal to
...J TxW 器 d哗啦 of flange in inches
Eqn. (25)
where,
T
is 也e 血ickn创s of 血e
plate
in 抽出笛，
and
(t - 8) x 30 x S
R
Eqn. (26)
where,
W.P. is the working pressure in lbs. per square inch,
t is 血e 自ickness of the end plate in 32nàs of an
inch,
R is the inner radius of curvature of.the end in
inches which shal1 not exceed one and a half
t出倡和.e exte口\al diameter of 由.e shell to which
it isatta出时，
S is the mini.rrtum tensile breaking strength of the
plate in tons per square inch or whatever is
allowed for it.
(b)币\e
inside radius of curvature at 出e flange shall be
notl销量也.an4 出口创血e 仕\Ìckness of the plate end 如 no
'case less
生han 3~
inches.
192. Dished Shell and Firebox Crowns-;- (a) In
detennining the working pressure in ac∞rdance wi趴
Re gulations 189 and 190 no account shall be taken of
the influence of the up-take 阳be in vertical boilers. If
dished crown plates having upta阳5 are fit for higher
pressures, when consider咄部 flat plates, under Reg.
197 such higher pressure shall be allowed.
(b) The radius Rs
follows一
of 怕她hed
R= 立之巨
响
2日
part may be found as
在qn.
(27)
C and H are the len军ths in inches of half 也ebase 抽\e
or chord on which H measured and the height of 白e
dish or camber at the middle of 由e chord respectively
Indian Boíler Regulations
FLATPLATES
193. Flat plates supported by Solid Screwed Stays,
Marginal Seams or Flange萨- (a) Fo Ì' plain flat plates
supported by solid screwed stays or riveted marginal
seams or flanges, the maximum working pressure sha l1
be as follows叫时
C (t - 1)2
W.P. 嚣牛气一.::~
Eqn. (28)
A 1. + B1.
In this formula and in 也部e following in the succeeding
regulations relating to "Flat Plates" unl瑞罢。therwise
specified…偷
W.P. is the working pressure in lbs. per square inch,
t is the 出ickness of the flat plate in 3却叫s of an
inch,
t1 is the thickness of the washers, strip, or dublings
employed in 32nds of an inch,
A is the horizontal pitch of stays in inches,
B is the vertical pitch of the stays in inches,
C is a co-effcient which varies in value with method
of vaxing 也.e stays and nature of the support,
Where the plates are exposed to the direct impact of
the flame 注\e following of C shall be reduced 12~是 per
ce盹…
C 60 for stays screwed into 也.e plate with their
ends riveted over,
C 90 for stays screwed into 由.e plate and fitted
with nuts on the outside,
C 100 for stays passed through the plate and fitted
with nuts inside and outside,
C 110 for a riveted seam or flange, in the flat plate
securing it to the shell side plate, end p 1ate,
fumaced or uptake.
Where portions of plate are supported by stays or
riveted seams or flanges having various values of
support, the value of C, shall be taken as the mean of
the points of support concemed.
The support of a riveted seam shall be assumed to be at
the line through the centres of rivets in the nearest row
and of a flange at the commencement of curvature.;In
the latter case, if the inner radius of curvature of the
flange exceeds 21h times the thickness of the plate, the
support shall be assumed to be at a distance of 21h
times the thic比less of the plate from the inner side of
the flange.
(b) For portions of plate where the stays are irregula r1y
pitched 0 2shall be used instead of A 2+ B2, 0 be站在 the
diameter in inches of the largest circle which can be
71
drawn pass'ing through not less 白an three points of
support, viz. , the centres of stays, or rivets or 出e
commencement of the curvature of flanging whichever
is applicable.
(c) For the tops and sides of combustion chambers and
the distance between the rows of stays nearest
to the back tube p 1ate, or the back or firehole plate
respectively, and the commencement of curvature of
也ese plates at 出eir flanges shall not be greater than the
max泣\um pitch of 泣将 stays.
f泣ebox
(d) For 也.e tops of combustion chamber军 and fireboxes
where 也ey are joined to 和.e sides by curved portions,
if 也e outer radius of 注\e curved portion is less than half
the allowable distance between the 庐ders， the distance
between the first girder and the inner surface of the
side plates shall' not exceed the allowable distance
between the girders. If the radius of curvature is greater
than half the allowable distance between girders, the
width of 也e flat portion measured from the centre of
也e girder shall not be more than half the allowable
distance between 注\e girders.
(e) Where stay tubes are not fitted in nest of tubes，在sin
tube p 1ates of loco守pe boilers, and 归rts of plate OU始ide
the space occupied by. tubes are supported, in
accordance with Regulati悦\ 212朗， by screwed $tays
each stay in the row nearest 设1e tube shall be of suf在dent
streng也 tosupport 也eplateup拎出e edges of the tube
ho]es in addition to its share of the plate on the opp臼ite
side of the line of stays叠
The working pressure for the plate between tubes and
stays shall be determined by Eqn. (28). A being the
horizontal pitch of the stays in the nearest row , B twice
the distance between the centre line of stays and a line
touching the tubes opposi飞e them and C the co-efficient
appropriate to the kind of stay.
194. Flat Plates support牵d by Stays and Nuts and
Large Washer事。r Strips or Ooubling公-(玛 Where 轨e
plates are supported by stays passing 也rough them
and are fitted with nuts inside and washers and nuts
outside, the diameter of the washers being at lea约 3V!
times 白at of the stay, and their thickness at least twφ
thirds thaf of the plate, but not greater than that of the
plate, the maximum working pressure shall be
[(t - 1)2 + .15t/]
Eqn. (29)
(b) Where the washersnave a diameter of at least twothirds of the pitch of the stays and a thic挝\ess of at lea到
Ind忽n
72
twc如血irds of 也e 也ickn臼sof 也eplate， b1，1t not gr四ter
位U\I\ thatof 也e
plate, and are riveted to 由.epla始 inan
effici四.tmanner，也.err陈ximwnwor恒ng presS1,1le shall
b←一
1∞
W.卫自一一
A2+ B2
[(t
- 1)2 + .35t,2]
Boiler Re伊hltions
(d) For the wide water spac部 d 如.be plat臼 between
the nests of tubes and between the wing rows of tubes
and the shell, the.maximwn working press1,1le shall be
W.P.= 气iγ((川)2 + .55阴阳. (34)
A‘+ B2
问\.(指}
where,
A= 血.e horizo时al
plate is stiffened bystrips at 1锦窑t twc伊
边也ds of the pitch of 出.e staysin breadth which have a
也ickness ofat1easttwo翻出irds of 役时 of the plate b1,1t
not greater 仕U\I\也.at of the plate, and areriveted 抽出e
plate in an effici朋t manner，位\e m拟恤.wn worldJ.;lg
preSS1,1re shall be-…
(c)
Where 也e
1∞
A‘+ B2
W.P.= …?一;;-
((t _1)2 + .55t,2]
B ==
C=
Eqn.(31)
C=
(d) Where the plates are fitted wÌ'也 d01，1bling plates
having a thic挝、四s of at least two-third嚣 of 出at of 也e
plate b 1,1t not greater 由肌出at of the plate, and are
C=
台tay如，be，""'"
一……必ve始d 柏拉回n拍 .an.efficientm.挝mer，-therr除ximwn
1∞
A2+ B
((t - 1)2 + .85明
E等'l.
(32)
F1at Tube Plate&- (a) Forthe por始创lS of 如tbe
pla悦sin 由ertestsof 如tbes where stay 阳b由 arere呼啦时
andwhere 也，em协副lwn 出ic如ess 阻dct恼问自始.onof
tubepla惚 arènotle豁出anaspre缸ribed in Regulatiém
W.P. 嚣
working pressure shall be
C (t.:- .1 )2
一叫一……
pz
Eqn. (33)
where,
P = is the mean I放时\ of 白.e stay tubes SUpporting
any portion of the plate (being the sum of 白e
four sides of 由e quadrilateral divided by four),
e:丰 70 for' stay tubes screwed and expanded in怡
the plate and no nuts fitted and for 注\0幌 at­
tached by welding in accordance with re军ulati∞
147 (b),
己= 85 for stay tubes screwed and éxpanded into 出E
plate and fitted wi也 nuts.
(b) No nuts shall be fitted to stay 阳b部 at 也.e COl巾ustioa
chamber or fire box end.
(c) Where 也eplatesare 础严部d 抽出.ed抽climpactof
flame 血e
plate in
321世嚣 of
an
坦白，
1锦.
211the 部axÎm1lln
~-一一一一一………一一…←… ι ←……
t 嚣 is 注\e 役让.ckr隙ss of 出.e .flat
workingprè部1，1le. shall b eW.P.= …一…寸-
pitch of stay tubes in inches
measured across the wide water space from
centre to centre,
the ve民ical pitch of stay tubes in 血.ebounding
rows in ir由es measured from centre to cent肥，
60 for stay tubes screwed and expanded into the
tube platesand no nuts are fitt，晖， and for 趴ωe
attached by welding in. accordance with
re事ûa挝.on 147 (b),
8O for 窑tay tubes screwed and expanded into 也e
tube plat，部 andfitted with nuts,
70 for stay tubes screwed and expanded into 也e
tube plates and rtuts are fitted only to alternate
coefficient C shall be reduced by 12* per
cent, and where the thickness or cross咽蚀。Inof 相，be
plate between tubes is less than as presc必bed in
Regulation 211 由e appropriate co吃fficient 盐'lall be
reduced in proporωn 每o the deficit.
t1
嚣
is the thickness of the washers, strips or
doublings employed in 32nds of an.inch.
{的Where 也.e plates are expo随dto 由.edir配timpactof
fla四.e，也eco-efficient
shall be reduced 12* per c自\t.
Stay&…位l For the
endpla阳 of Lanca白ire， Corni血， V，即位ca1 andL倪。守pe
boi1的， ando位ter flat surfacessupported by irregularly
196. Plates supported by Gusset
pi:油ed
gusset stays, the maxlmum working pressure
shallbeW.P.= C
(t 一 1)2
…百一…!
Eqn. (35)
where,
D = the diameter 如 inchesof 也.el盯在四t circ1e which
can be drawn passing 也rough not less 位翻出r时
p。如ts of support, viz. the c但tre linès of rivets
or the commencement of the curvature of
flanging, whichever is app狂.cable.
C = 100 for(íP lates not exp创ed to flame.
C=88 for plat锦 exposed to flame.
(b) whe肥 such plates are stiffened by suitable tee or
angle bé阴阳curely riveted to 也.e plates wi位in 出e
circle D，也eapptop出te co-efficient 凯ay be inαeased
航让ty pèr cent. Such stiffeningbars shall beplaced so
as to tr部lSmit 也eir 1侃n in a direct manner' to 血e
gusset sfays or shell plate.
(c) For 出e partof 也.e end plate containing the manhole
in Lancashire boiler the maximum working pressure
d凶U be-
73
Indian Boiler Regulations
WP=ttkt- 川川2}
Eqn.
(36)
whe窍，
o
is the diameter in inches of the large circ1e which
canbe 公rawnenc1ωing 出.em缸Ùlole and passing
妓U'ough the cen恨s of the rivets in end p 1ates
connecting the shell and gusset angles and
fumaces or to the com.mencement of curvatu把
of flanging, whichever is applicable where the
circle passes through only 由ree of the possible
five points of support mentioned the remaining
two shall be embraced wi也in the circ1e,
t is the 份ùc阳ess of the flat plate in 32nds. of an
inch,
t is the 佼ùckness of the baseθfthemou由piece of
fla t ring in 3挝\ds of 部1 抽出，
C 90 where the manhole mouthpiece is ei岳飞.er of
飞 mild or case steel, and has a tumed-in flange of
a depth, measured from inside of end plate, of
not less than 4 times 出e 也ickness of the end
plate and thickness not less 由an the thickness of
the end plate,
C70wheri字 only a flat steel compensating ring is
fitted,
C is to be taken as the mean of the points of support
through which circ1e passes in accordance with
Regulation 193 where there is no mouthpiece or
flat ring and the end plateis flanged around the
manhole to the depth required in Regulation 201.
197. Flat Crown Plates of Vertical Boilers… (a) Forthe
flat crown plates of vertical boilers eith时 with or
without bolt stays, Equation (35) shall be used in
determining the working pressure with C=80, when
the plates are not exposed to flame, and 70 when 出ey
are exposed to flame. In this ca艇， 0 isthe diame生er of
the largest circ1e in inch部 that can be drawn passing
through the centres of 出e rivets or bolt stays when
fitted, or the commencement of the curvature of the
flanging, whichever is applicable. Where bolt stays are
fitted with washers of 出esame 出泣如\ess as 也e plate
securely riveted thereto, the circle sha l1 pass through
the centres of the riveted thereto, the circ1e shall pass
岳阳ugh 出e centres of the washer rivets but where the
washers are not riveted or where none are fitted the
circle shall pass through the centre of the stays.
(b) Where the crown plate is flanged the inside radius of
curvature at 校\e flange shall not be less than 4 times the
thickness of the end plate, but in no case less than 211.z".
(c) The thickness of flat crown plates shall in no case be
less than the thickr略部 of the cyl阳drical portion to
which it is attached.
198. Circular Flat Ends of Drums, etc. supported only
at Edges- (的 For these ends C in Equation (35) shall
be taken as 140 when 设\e plates are not exposed to
flame, and 122.5 when they are exposed to flame. In
位白 case circ1e 0 shall pass through 出e .centres of
rivets or bolts securing the end be less than 4 白时s，由e
thickness Qf the end plate but in no case less curvature.
(b) Where flan伊d the inside radius of curvature at the
flange shall not be less than 4 time嚣， the thickness of 出e
end pla恰 but in no case less than 21h".
199. Bar or Bulb Stiffened End Plates and Smokeho立
Tubes Plates of Locotype Boiler毒… Where such:plates
instead of being supported by stays are stiffened 扭曲e
steam space by substantial tee or angle bars securely
riveted to the plate and extending across the plate to
within the margin allowed by Equation (3ηor where
such plates are formed with a deep bulb extending
across the plate to well wi也in the margin allowed, for
the support thus given.
C shall be taken as equal to 80 and 70 for plates not
expos时， andexp创ed to flame resp创ively锺 Themargin
or pitchfor 部ch stiffening shall be measured from the
ce时re line of rivets or commencement of curvature of
bulb provided it is not more than 2 inches from the
centre line of bulb.
For the flat plate above the stiffener or bulb, C shall be
taken as the mean of the values appropriate for the
points of support.
200. Plate Margins- The amount of support in relief
of stays which 凯ay be credited to the sides of shells ,
fumaces, uptakes, fireholes and foundatìon rings to
which flat plates are attached shall not exceed that
found by the following form\l la一
C
(t 明白
Width of margin in inches =一一一一一 Eqn. (37)
-J (W卫}
where ,
t 监 thickness is 32nds of an inch,
W.P. = Working pressure in lb. per sq. inch,
C 嚣 3.47 for plates exposed to flame ,
C = 3.70 for plates not exposedto flame.
Where the platesare flanged the margin shall be
measured from the commencement of curvature or from
a line 2"h times the thickness of 生he plate distant from
也.e side of theflange next to the inner radius of the
corner whichever is the less. In other cases , the m~ugin
sha l1 be measured from the centre line of rivets ín the
nearest row of the seam by which the flat plate is
attached.
圃，，
歌
74
lndian Boiler Regulations
Ooub始\gplat础 shall cover the area supported betw四n
也~ staysand extend beyond the stays so 也at the centre
of the rivet窑 securing the doubling plate tothe end
plate shall be at least half the distance from the outermost stays to the nearest substantial po阳t of support.
Where flat end plates are flanged for connection to
the shell the inside radius of flanging shall be not less
出.an 1.75 t恤es 设'le plate 出ckness with a minimum of
11h inches.
201. Manholes and Mudholes 始 Flat Plates- Where a
flat plate is flanged to stiffen it at a manhole orsighthole,
to permit same working pressure as would be allowed
upon as unpierced plate, the depth of the flange measured from the outer surface shall be at leastequal to一
ffl艾布了 =dep血 of flange in inches. Eqn. (38)
、
203. Stresse& in Steel }ointed Stays-例如e section
of least strength whether of stay, rivets，-由ackleo主 p阳
sha丑 be used in calrulating the working pre部ure for
由es生ay‘ For parts in tension a stressof 9,000 lbs. per
square inch of net sèction shall be allowed, and for
pa邵阳 sh锦r stress of 8，∞o lbs. per square inch of net
sectíon.
(b) Parts in double shear shall be allowed a section of
1.875 t埠'les the single section.
204. Stay Tub棉田- For stay tubes, whether of wrought
iron or steel, seamless or electric resistance welded or
lap-welded the maximum working pressure 由all be
calculated from the following formulaW旦嚣
where,
τ=
the thickness
of 出.e
plate in inches, and
202. Solid Scr曹wed Stays- For screw stays to combustion chambers and fireboxes and for longitudinal
and cross stays the maximum working pressure for the
stays is to be ca1culated from 白.e appropriate one of 出e
following two formula舍一
rilit
』s
W.P. 嚣
…
A
D
三2二
A
[(0 叩手 r
-0
2
1 ]
E伊 (41)
where,
0 1 = the intemal diameter of the tube under the
STAYS
c
A
o =-thediameter ofthe~tubeover也r阳dsin-inches，
…~………W.=~ 位\e-minor讯XiSè始也e~hole 加
W.P.=
5900
Eqn. (39)
Eqn. 倒}
where,
W.P.= the working pressure in lbs. per square inch,
0= the diameter of stays over threads in inches,
DI 黯 the diameter of body of stay at its smallest part
in inches,
N= the number of threads of stay per inch,
A= the area in square inches supported by one
stay [for area to be supported by stays near
tubes in firebox tube plates of locotype boilers,
see, Regulation 193 (e汗，
c = 7100 for steel or special wrought iron screw
stays to combustion chamber or fireboxes,
C = 8640 for steellongitudinal or cross stays fitted
with nuts,
C = 4700 for copper screws stays to fire-boxes.
Where stays are made with enlarged ends and 也e
body of the stays is smaller in diamet时 than at the
bottom of the thread the working pressure shall be
ca 1culated from the second formula.
N=怠
threads in inches,
the number of threads of stay per inch.
A is the area in square inches supported by one stay
饥lbe， measured from centre to centre of stay tubes.
When the area contains 忽必础。'r parts of tubes their'
aggregated area, calcu1ated from their smallest extemal
diam的er of body when in tension and sma11est intemal
diameter when in compression, shall be deducted from
the area of 在e cont础ling figure and the r咄咄nder
used as A 趴 the formula.
205.St哼s in Tension and Compr苦ssion- 例 Thesame
stress shall be allowed inωmpression as in tension. 在le
strength of short stays in compression and not liable to
bending shall be calciilited on the net section of the s始y
at bottom of thread or in body, whichever is less.
(b) The stress to be allowed on any stay or part of a stay
not provided for in foregoing shall be the same as that
allowed for stays or parts of stays of approx挝\ately
like kind in similar conditions.
206. Measurement of Stayed Areas in the End plates of
Locotype and Vertical Boilers- When the areas sup蛐
ported by stays are semi-circular 硝 in the upper parts of
the end plates and smokebox tube plates of locotype
boiler窑， or annular as in the crown plates of vertical fype
boilers, the area to be supported by stays A in Eqns. 39
and 40 shall, in the first cas号， be the area of plate
contained within the margins credited to casing or barrel
sides, screw stays, fir，εdoor ring or tube stays 部 thecase
75
lndian Boiler R苦'gulations
may be and in the second case be the area of the annulus
. between the margins credited to uptake andshell. wh四
bolt staying is necessary the stays shall be properly
distributed; the aggregate stay section shall then be
出ed in the formula for calcula宙飞g the working pressure.
WOYLLZZ忍zmsEZ3驼'峙附
207. Gusset Stays明阳怔\em拟迦1山n workin革 pressure
for gusset stays shall be calculat时 by the following
formula900 x C
W.P.= ……一一一
革龟n. (42)
A
C，也e co-efficient, is 生he number representing
出e least of the following一
(b) The portion of the area on the 0役\er side of each
gusset lir恕 shall except when of triangular form , be
found in 1ike manner and its amount added to that
already found to form 出e total.
‘
(1) N 1 x A 1
(2) N主 X A 2 x 1.875
(3) N 3 x A3 x 1.875
,
,
(4) N x A
(5) (G - N 2 D2) x
{码 (G 1 -
D 3) x
(t 叩 2)
(t 甲 2)
x 0.037
x 0.037
N 1 ，问， N 3，哀愁，叭， D2' D3 and Al' 鸟，鸟， A， are
resp目1ivelythenumbers， diar到e饭店怒吼 sec悦onal
G
G1
t
A
areas of the rivets in the joints of each gusset stay
only rivets in the supported area, to be considered
effective, the order of the joints, being (1) angles
to end plate, (2) end plate angle to 窑usset，
。) shell angles to gusset, and (4) angles 协 she且
is 出edep出 in inches of gusset plate measured
through the 1ine of rivet attaching it to the end
plate angles.
is the depth in inches of gussets plate measured
normal to the slant edge of plate 也rough 在e
rivet nearest tothe end plate in the joint attaching
gusset plate to shell angles.
is the thickness of the gusset plate in 32nds of an
inch.
is the area in square inches of flat plate supported
by the gusset edge of pl刷出rou挚 the rivet
nearest to the end plate in the joint attaching as
follows-
(a) The margins allowed under flat plate regulations
for shell and fumace shal1 be marked on end plat硝 and
the lengths of the centre lines of gussets betw辅nthem
measured, also the distance between e取hpairof 事lSset
lines from the middle of 也.e small辑部 a direction
normal to the greater. If L and L1 be the leng位sof two
adjacent gusset 1ines if the .distance between 也em be
W, the area contained by the gusset 1ines and the shel1
and fumace margin 1ines may be apportioned between
the stays thus:
W(3L1 + LPortion of area in square i
8
- - - =app悦附d"tO"L:n;;~侧 'E伊 (44)
(c) For the triangular portîons in the wing sp部部也e
area shall be t昨en ashalf 出e product of the length of
gusset line into the perpendicular distance between ît
and the intersection point where the marg如alξurves
meet.
208. Bolts and S如ds一(的 Bolts and sfuds connecting
parts by boilers such as shell, end plate, tube plate革，
fumaces , uptakes, extemally fitted manhole covers,
mountings，的c.， may be made ei也er of steel or good
qua1ity wrought iron.
(b) The maximum wor king pressure for the bolts or
shall be calculated by the following formula一
s怡ds
W.P.=
NxC
一?一
A
I _
1.28
\D 叩一=L
n
12
Eqn. (45)
-.J
where,
D is the diameter of bolt or stud over threads in
inches,
N is the number of bolts or studs securing the part,
n is the number of 也reads of screws per inch,
C 4,700 forsteel bolts or studs of 28 tons/sq. in.
minimum ultimate tensile stress where the
diameter over thread is less than 3/4 inch,
C 5,100 for steel bolts or studs of 30 tons/ 吨. in.
minimum u 1timate tensile stress where the
diameter over thread is less than 3/4 inch,
C 5,600 for steel bolts or studs of 35 tons/sq. in.
minimum ultimate tensile stress where the
diameter over thread is not less than 3/4 inch,
C 5,600 for steel bo1ts or studs of 28 tons/sq. in.
minimum ultimate tensile stress where the
di忽neter over thread is not less than 3/4 inch
and not greater than 7月抽出，
C 7，∞o for steel bolts or studs of 28 tons/ sq. in.
minimum u 1timate tens i1e stress where the
diameter over thread ìs greater than 7月 inch.
When the material is iron , a reduction , of 15 per cent
shall be made in the working pressure as calculated by
the formula.
Indian Boiler Regulations
76
A is 也earea句 square i.nches of 出e .surface. supported
by the bolts or studs. For joi.nted flanges 出.e area shall
be taken to extend to 耶idway between the pitch li.ne of
the bo1ts and the inner edge of the flange by which the
part is secured.
TUBEPLATES
209. Compression of the Tube Plat棉一{司 For fire啕
box or combustion chamber tube plates which are
subject toωmpression due to the pressure on the roof
plate, the maximum working pressure shall b
•-
W.P.=
C x (P - D) t
LxP
军事 (46)
where,
t is the thkkness of the tube plate in 32nds of an
inch,
P. is the pitch of. the tub部 in inches, measured,
一一…horizon始llrwhe由白e位必es-are -cha挝l'itch时，
and diagonally where the tubes are zig-zag
pitched and 役\e diagonal pitch is 1，部s than the
horizontal,
D is the intemal diameter of 出.e plain 始.be军总
inch筒，
Lis 泣'le intemallength of the firebox or combustion
chamber in inches measured at top between 阳be
plate and firehole plate or back plate, or betw部n
tube plates in double ended boilers with
combustion chambers common to two opposite
furnaces,
C 875 for steel ånd 437.5 for copper :
Provided that the above formula shall not apply
in the case of fireboxes where the girders do not
rest on the tube plate, or where the roof plate is
stayeddirect to the outer shell orto gird町S
supported by the shell.
(b) Where girders rest on the side plat部 or 出e roof
plate is so f优med that 轨e load is carried both by side
and end plates, in no case shallbe compre黯ive 黯'ess
∞ the plates exceed 14，α)() lbs. per square inch for steel
or 7,000 lbs. per 叫明re inch for copper.
210.Parts to be Stayed- 俐在\e stiffness of tube Plates
and pitch of stays within the nestsof tubes where stay
tubes are required and where marginal stay tubes a黯
required in support of blank spaces adjacent to or
between the nests shaU be determined by flat plate
rules under Regul剖ion 195.
(b) Tubes plates wi也in the nests of tubes whether fitted
with stays tubes or shaU not comply with the
requjremen恒 of Regulation 211 in r,egards tothickness
and cross-section bètween 如bes.
211. Minimum Thickness and Cross-Section… To
provide a secure attachment for plaintube plat部也e
也ickn部 s and cross咽ction of the plate between the
tube hol臼 shall not less than :
Steel tube plate
.125 D +.2 =α巾1恤旧血血ic如\ess
in 扭曲部
Eqn.
(4乃
in square inches
Copper tube plate
.2 D +.4
= II啦啦num 位úckness in
在qn.
(48)
inches
主qn.
(49)
.17 + .025
=
mÌI也num cross-提ction
.527D 币 .263=α咏nimum cross幡section
in sq. inches
Eqn. (50)
D'is 也.edìame悦Y恤内部出撼。f 自e'-fubèar脑 'parf'õT
attachme批知 tube
plate.
Wherethe 出ickn部s and cross -section of the tube plates
are less than the minimum 也.e appropriate co咱ffid四t
inE伊拿 (51) shall be reduced in propor目.onto 位edefkit.
212. Holding Power of Plain Tubes-由制) Where tube
plates are not spedally stayed i.n nests of tubes working
pressure, based on 也.e holding power of the 知，besshall
notexωed 部t found by the fo丑。，wing formula :
W.P.=
CxD
一一呵呵
A
Eqn. (51)
where,
口黯 thediameter
of tube at the part of attachment of
tube plate i.n i.nches,
A = the area insquare i.nches of 也e 烛be plate supported by each tube which generally may be
tak部 as the product of the horizontal and vertical
pitches of the tube less the area of the tube itself,
C = 470 for 灿.bes expanded i.nto parallel holes i.n
S泌el or iron tube plates,
C = 530 for tubes expanded in如 taper holes in steel
or ir∞ tube plat，白， for copper tube plat，臼 or
copper or bra部讪.bes the appropriate co-effident
处\ould be deducted 20 per cent.
(b) In the uns组yed tube plates of locotype boilers and
in other tube plate i.n which stay tubes are not required
the support afforded by the plai.n tube shall not be
taken to extend beyond the lines endosi.n.军 the outer
edges of 也e 阳bes. Part of flat plate outside 也isli.ne
shall ei由.er 1沁坦白e plate margi.n or be separately
supported. No account n制d be taken of the stiffness of
77
Indian Boiler Regulations
tube plate in the nests of tubes when the above
conditions are fulfilled.
(a) When a pitch of the tube holes on every row is ,
equal (as in Fig. 1屿， the formula is…
￡二立
Ordinar句， ther.吨凶rementsof制s clause are applicable
p
only to expanded smoke and water tubes in f1at continuous tube plates c∞ta扭扭gr阴阳 than one row of tubes.
(See Reg. 152 for attachment of tubes 的 Water Tubes Boiler).
213.τube Plates, Oth瓮r Than Ends of Vertical Boilers
Forming Parts of Outer Shell- 但) When vertical
boilers have a nest or 戏剧ts of horizon始1 tubes so 也at
也.ere is direct tension on 位也怕ibe plates due to 也e
vertical load OI飞出e boiler ends, or to 布.eir acting as
horizontal ties across 也e shell，出e 也ic挝\essofthe 饥lbe
plates 缸叶由e spacing of the tubes shall be suel飞出at
the 能ction of metal taking 也.e load is sufficient to keep
也.e stress within th剖 allowed on 也e 事teel plateä.
= efficiency of li伊ment
Eqn. (54)
where,
p = pitch of tube holes, inches.
d = diameter of tube holes, inches.
在\e
pitch of tube holes shall be measured either ∞出e
flat plate before ro出吨。r 侃出emedian 如\e after rolling.
Exa皿ple-… Pi生ch of tube holes in the drums as shown
in Fig. 10 = 514 in. diam的自 of tube 帽 31，4'二 Diameter of
tube holes = 3 - 9/32'二
p卢d
5.25 忡 3.281
P
5.25
一一一拮
据 0.375， efficiency of ligament.
altema俊 tube 单位le oúter vertic双1 rows of
tubes shall be a stay 始be. The 机lbe platesbetween the
stay tubes shall be of ac∞rdancewi也 the rules for 始，be
pla毛es and in addition, considered as part she且也e
max拙lUm working pressure.
(b) Each
W.P.
x (P = 17.24
-. --- (t,- -2)
-'::
D)
-,..x S-
Eqn. (52)
RxP
where,
t is the 创ckness of the tube plate in 32nds of an
inch,
P is 出e vertical pitch of the tubes in inches,
D is the diameter of the 始be holes in inch，筒，
Sis 和err由lÍmum tensile breakin荔 streng也 ofthe
tube plates in tons per square inch, or whatever
is allowed for 出.em，
R is the radial distance of the centre of 出.eouterrow
of tube hole from 出.e axis of the shell in inches.
214. Curved Tube Plates of Water俑Tube Boilers… For
tubeplat邵阳rming part of cylindrical drums 孰e
maximum working p搜捕ure shall b舍一
W.P. 口
33.3 (t - 4) x E x S
D
忠等\.
(53)
where,
t= 位白如\ess of 如be plate in 32nds of an 如仙，
E = Efficiency of the longitu战naljoint or the ligam但t
between the tube holes, whichever is less,
S = Minimum Tensile Stress of 也e tube plate in tons
per 吨. in. or whatever is allowep for it,
D = Inside diameter of the drum in inches.
215. Efficiency of U伊me耐一 (a) When a sheÙ or drum
is drilled for 蚀.bes ina 险\e parallel to the axis of 也e
shell or drum, th~ efficiency of the ligament between
也.e tube hol臼 shall be determined as follows…甲
LONGlTUDINAL LINE
OF TUBE SPACING WITH PITCH
OF HOLES EQUAL IN EVERY ROW
FIG啪"一 EXAMPLE
(b)
When 也.e
m吨ual
pitch of tube höles on any one row is
(as in Figs. 11 &t 12)，吐\e formula is一
p-nd
…「可fficiency
of ligament
Eqn. (55)
where,
p = unit leng血。fli伊ment， inches.
n= numb臼 of tube holes in length p.
d = diameter of tube holes, inches.
Example- Spacing shown in Fig. 11 Diameter of tube
holes = 3.9/32飞
p … nd 12 叩 2 x
一气?…=
-1...
p
12
3.281
----- =0.453, efficiencyofligament.
吧~~飞
@
12"
LINE
SPACING WITH
1βNGlTUDINAL
FIG. l1一原XAMPLEOFτ飞JBE
P口'CH
OF HOLES UNEQUAL IN 陈VERYROW
Example- Spacing shown in Fig. 12 Diameter of Tube
hole = 3 -9/32"
78
Indian Boiler Regulations
(ü) The same rule as in paragraph (i) should apply
for the case of dri.lli.rig holes to a regular 臼w­
tooth shown in Figure 13C.
OF TUBE SPACING WπHPπ'CH
VARYING IN SECOND AND THIRD 'Row
FIG.12 …意XAMPLE
OFI王OLES
(c) The strength of those ligaments between the tube
holes which are subjected to a longitudinal stress shal1
be at least one-half the required strength of 位。se
ligaments which come between the 弘behol部 which
are su同ected to a circumferential stress挚
时)
(i) When bending stresses due to weight are
negligible and the tube holes are arranged along
…及4时Qn~Lli!le 附i也!..~理盟.tlQ且强， 10部掏出理l
axis, the efficiency (啡。f corresponding lig邵阳ts
is given in Figure 14, with the ratio b/a on the
abscissa and the ratio
2a 叩 d
d
丁γor 飞
used as a parameter.
where,
aandb arem制sured 邸 shown in Figs. 13A and 13B.
d = diameter of 由e tube holes.
Notes:
1. The dimension should be measured either on the flat
plate before rolling or on the medium line after rolling.
2. Thedat在 given orî Figure 14 are based on the following
formulae:
(iü) In the case of a regular staggered spacing of tube
holes (see Figure 13A, the smal1est value of the
efficiency Z of all the ligaments， longitud加al， cir­
αlffiferen阳1 and diagonal, is given in Figure 15
by the ratio Pc/Pl on the abscissa, and the ratio
P. 阳 d
d
斗for 立
u时 as a parameter
where,
d = diameter of 始，be holes, inch部.
Pc =2b = twice the distance between circumferential
rows of holes;
lν
P == 2a
twice the distance between 拟ial row of
holes.
Note: The dimension PC should b窑 measured on the flat
pla毛e before rolling or on the medium line after r.olling.
-FMmV结mhmpm#oaf-f鲤鱼啦!些
部 shown i民 Figure 13A.
=
{的 When holes spaced longitudinal1y along a drum a理
not in a straight line, the equivalent longitudinal pitch
for each spacing may be used in 也e application of 出e
above rules.η\e equivalent pitch is obtained by mul柱­
plying the actuallongitudinal pitch by the equivalent
efficiency obtained from Figure 14 for each spacing.
2
Zz j豆豆在↓T(Ã咱哥2 + 4C2
FIG.13A … REGULA民 STAGGERING
OF HOLES
where,
COS2α+1
A
B= :
4
{写出)
h- 主兰兰 l
C=-
lnU\~
(α=-
川 u…A
2
Centr在line
a
(Sin2 U + 1)
FIG. 13B-SPACING OFl王OLES ON A DIAGONAL UNE
Centraline
b
1 + ::
angle of centre line of cylinder to centre line of
'F IG.13A-REGULAR SAW习rOOTHPAT丁ERN OF HOLES
这!z王‘
。电'剧‘-
0.90
。，自$
0.15
0.60
h
_.2a -d
~
.la
工= 1.86 …~_
a
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
w
u
u
u
u
w
u
飞 2.4
The diagram graph d
= 0.53
= 0.70
b/a
FIG. 14 - EFFlCJENCY OF LlGAMENT ALONG A DIAGONAL Ll NE
飞昌
、。
80
Indian Boiler Regulat阳tS
，叫
句
F占
'咱
"刷叫
刷•
俨叫E
C
。
Q、
瑞。~
..0 1 然
号码柄。clt
、~
的
。
2
士
。
吨
SJ
2
0c
3•
3
日
内
Mi
4r、3a
V咧
。
:...a....:
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
Efficiency
EFFlCIENCY OF LIGAMENTS BETWEEN HOLES
Fl G.1S
。
0.2
O
lndùm Boiler Regulations
81
BOILER AND SUPERHEATER TUBES
TO INTERNAL PRESSURE
SUBJ班cf
216. The maximum working pressure for 佳丽阳be shall
be determined by equa忌。nNo. 87 (see R嗜血性on338).
在W 血inimum 佼ùcknessof 血e 饥lbeS shall
comply with
the table given in Regulation 338 (b).
圣王军ADERS
AND SECf ION BOXES OF WATER
TUBE BOILERS
217. See Eqn. (88) , Reg. (340).
BOILER TUBES (SMOKE) SUBJECf TO
EXTER阿ALPRESSURE
218. Steel and Wrought Iron Tub伽-(a) 吐\ema划mum
working pr哼ure for' 也e tubes shall be
叹P.=
100 (t- 6)
…一一一…一
丑qn.
D
(56)
where,
t 口 the 份ùckness
of the 如bes in 1∞出s of an inch,
o = the extemal diameter of 街e 饥lbes in inches.
(b) No tube.shall be
less 也an
12 S.W.G.
(104") 役lÏck.
219. Brass and Copper Tubesω- The thickness of
tapered brass and copper smoke tubes for locomotive
boilers shall, in 位e case of tubes of an extemal diameter
of 1- 1/2 to 1-7/8 inches indusive, be not less 出an 12
S.W.G. (.104 inch) at 出.esmokeωbox end and 10 S.W.G.
(.128 抽出) at the other end in 血e case of tubes of an
extemal diameter of 2 始 2-3月 inches indusive, the
刷ckness，必 the smoke七ox end shall not be 1，部S 役tan
11 S.W.G. (.116 inch) and 创出e other end not less than
9 S.W.G. (.144 inch).
FURNACES
220. Plain Fumac辈革 of Horizontal Boilers… For pJ.ain
fumaces or fumaces streng也.ened by Adamson orother
joints or stiffeners of sufficient strength and for the
semi-cylindrical tops of fireboxesand bottom of
combustion chambers where 出e sides are 锦curely
stayed, the working pressure shall not exceed the
smaller of the values obtained from the following
formulae:
W.P.=
C
D
剧由-
x
(t - 1)2
(L + 24)
Eqn.
(5η
wpmtx [则叫日- L]
Eqn. (58)
where,
D 扭曲e extemal diameter of the fumace of chamber
协p orbo忱。m in inches,
t 扭住le 制ckness of 也e fumace plate 加 32nds of an
inch,
L = the length of 岳飞e fumace ór other part in inches
measured betwe创\ points of substantial support,
Î. e. , centr臼 of rows of rivets in end seams of
commencement of curvature of flange ,
whicheveris applicable,
C 骂 1450 where the longitudinal seams of s惚el
fumaces are welded and 1300 whe捏在eyare
riveted,
C = 725 where the longitudinal seams of circular
copper fireboxes or fumaces are fitted with do世
ble butt straps and 650 where 在ey are lapped,
C = 50whe搜出.e longitudinal seams of s始el 缸mac臼
are welded and 45 where 也ey are rivet，础，
C1 = 25 where the longitudinal seams of circular copper fire boxes or fumaces are fi饮:ed with double
butt straps and 22.5 where they are lapped.
221. Corrugated Fumaces of Horizontal Boilers… τhe
maximum working pressure to be a l1 0wed on
corrugated furnaces shall be determined by the
following formula :
WP=t
M
Eqn. (59)
where,
D 嚣 the least extemal diameter 如 inches measured
at the bottom of 商e corrugationson 生he water
side,
t 芷 the thickness of the fumace plate in 32nds of an
inch measured at the bottom of the corrugation
or chamber,
C = 480 for the Fox, Morrison, Deighton, Purves and
other simi1ar fumaces and 510 for the leeds Forge
Bulb SU:spension Fumace.
222. Plain Fumaces of Vertical Boilers…The same
formulàe as for the pla烛 fumac锵 of horizontal boilers
shall be used, but where the fumaces are taper挝由e
diameter to be taken for ca1culation purp铺es shall be
the mean of 位lat at the top and of that at the bottom
where it meets the substantial support Írom flange or
ring.τbe length for the same pu平岱e shall be 位密
Indian Boiler Regulations
82
distance 仕om
the centre of 由e row of rivets connec由19
the crown and 由e body of the furnace to 血e substantial
support at the bottom of the fumace , or to a row of
screwed stays connecting 仕le fumace to 血.e shell,
provided 佳时也e pitch of stays at 血.e fumace does not
exceed 14 times 由e 仕ucknessof 由e furnace p 1ate wh白
白.e stays are riveted at their ends or 16 times when the
stays are fi忧:ed with nuts. Such screwed stays shall be
in diameter over 仕le 仕u回ds not less than twice the
剧ckness of 由e furnace plate and in no case less 也an
3/4" diameter [see Reg. 135(d)].
223. Hemispherical Fumaces of Vertical BoilersWhen fumaces hemispherical in form and su问ect to
press山e on 由e convex side and are wi血。utsupport
from stays of any kind，仕le maximumWor挝ngpre臼ure
shall be:
275 (t - 1)
W卫 =R
Eqn.(60)
where,
t
is 由e 仕uckness of 由e
top plate in 32nds of an
inch伊
t= 由e 也ickness
of the joggled firebox plate or ogee
ring in 32nds of an inch,
o = the inside diameter of the boiler shell in inches,
D1= 仕le outside diameter of 仕le joggled fir t.:'ox at
the commencement of curvature above joggled
part or the outside diameter of the firebox where
it join怡血e ogee 白电·
226. Foundations of Loco-type Bo i1er FireboxesWhere the firebox roof in 1出0-可pe boilers is not stayed
directto 阳 extemal casing crown or to girders carried
by the casing or is not connected to 由e casing, by slings
in accordance with Regulation 229 (c) and 由e whole
load on 血.e firebox vertically is bome by the bottom
parts of 由e firebox where connected to 由e extemal
casing, the working pressure for the parts，证 p1ates are
joggled out to meet the casing or 证 an ogee ring if
-fitted, shall-not-exceed 也at -found by 出e-follówing
formula:
W.P.=
R is the outer radius of curvature of 由.e furnace in
inches.
224. Corrugated Fireboxes of Vertical Boi1ers- For
由e semi-spirally corrugated fireboxes of "Sentinel"
standard motor wag'∞ boilers the working pressure
shall be determined by the following formula :
C (t -1)
W卫=一丁)-
Eqn. (61)
where,
t= 血e 仕uckness
of the fire box p 1ate in 32nds of an
inch,
o = the mean of the extemal diameterof firebox
measured over the plain part at each end at
commencement of curvature of f1an ge,
C = 390
225. Foundations of Vertic a1 Boilers Fumace萨-Where
circular furnaces, or fireboxes of vertical boilers are not
connected to the shell crown by uptake tubes, smoke
tube or bolt stays and 仕le whole load on 由.e firebox
vertically is bome by the bottom p盯t of the firebox
where it is connected to 由e shell the working pressure
for 由epa此，证 firebox is joggled out to meet 由e shell or
证 an ogee ring is 且tted， shall not exceed 血at found by
the following formula :
W卫=
where,
1钊 (t
- 1)2
0(0 - 0 1)
Eqn. (62)
70 (t - 1)2 x (L + W)
L x W (w - W1)
Eqn. (63)
wher毡，
t= 也e 仕uckness
of joggled firebox side plates or
fire hole plate (whichever is les叶， or ogee ring in
32nds of an inch,
L= 仕le ler鸣曲 of firebox casing in inches measured
betwee旦出e water ~id电，s of front end plate and
saddle plate at 由.e foundation seam,
W= 由.e width of firebox casing in inches measured
between the water sides of casing side pla怡s at
血e foundation seam,
W1= is the width of firebox in inches measured
between 出e water sidesoffire-box side plates
at 也ecommencem四t of curvature above joggled
pa此 of where it joins the ogee ring.
Where only a comparatively narrow strip of 出efirebox
roof is stayed directly to 血e casing crown the area so
stayed shall be deducted from the area represented by
LxW 扭曲.ebo忧om 1ineof 出eformula 血us(LxW-A)
(W - W1) and so used in Equa悦。In (63) in determining
the working pressure for the pa此S， "A" being 由e area
in square inches of roof supported by the casing crown.
227. Cross Tubes- The working pressure of the tubes
shall be determined by 血.e following formula :
2∞ (t
- 7)
W.P.= 一一一一一一
D
Eqn. (64)
lndian Boiler Regulations
83
where,
W.P. = working pressure in lbs. per 吨. inch,
t= min挝\um 也ickness in 32nçis of an inch,
D= 也e intemal diameter in inches of the cross
tube.
(c) S1ings, lir郎 pins， rivets, and connections to shell
of slung girders shall be suffident to carry 阳 whole
load 出at would otherwise be carried by 校le gfrder,
and each girder must be equally slung or supported.
For stresses allowed on 出e sections, see Regulation
228. Uptakes of Vertical Boilers- The working
pressure for uptake tube of vertkal boilers shall bε
determined by Eqns. 57 and 58 but on1y half the least
pres问re so found is to be allowed for uptake tubes.
(d) In the case of girders supported at the ends on1y by
angle bars riveted to casing crown, the length L may,
when the girder extends over the full breadth of the
angle face , be taken as the distance between 也.ecentres
of the angle faces. When this distance does not exceed
拙的 of L in the formula，位也 pressure shall be determinedin 也e ordinary way. The supporting angles and
rivets shall bεof suffident section for the intended
purpose. For stresses allowed on the sections, see
Regulation 203.
SUPPORTS FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND
FIREBOX CROWN
229. Girder Stays for Firebox Crown分- (a) For girders
supp假如19 ,!own plates of rectangular 融'eboxes， where
the ends of the girders are supported by 泣le vertkal
end or side plates，放l~ir proportions shall be cakulated
from the following formula :
CSTD2
Eqn. (65)
12Y
where;
Working pressure in lb. per sq. inch,
Minimum tensile stress of the material in tons
per 饨. inch,
Total 仕ùckness of the stay 扭曲i仗y-seconds of
an inch,
Depth of the girder stay in inches,
Length of girder stay in inches measured
between the inside of the tube plate and 也e
firehole plate, or between the inside of the side
plates, according to the method of support,
Pitch of girder stays in inch销，
22 for steel plates or steel forgings, 19 for steel
castings.
W.P. 口一一…一
W.P.
S=
T=
D=
L=
Y=
C 括
(b) Where girders are supported in any other way than
end or side plates of the firebox or combustion
ch础lber the cakulations for deter宜ùnir鸣也ewor挝ng
pressure shall be made in accordance wi也 the actual
conditions of support.
by 出e
In such cases the leng也 of the strip of firebox or
combustion chamber top plate to be supported by the
girder shell, subject to the 1imit imposed on 位ledistance
of the nearest stay, be taken as equal to 位le product of
位le number of bolts carried by the girder into the pitch
of the bo1ts. A maximum nominal stress of 14，0∞ lbs.
per square inch on girder section shall be allowed for
steel.
203.
PA'τENτFIREBOX
ROOFS OF LOCOTYPE
BOILERS
230. Marshall Type- For Messrs Marshall Sons and
Company's patent stayless roof for 衔eboxes of locotype
boi1ers made of steel in which the centre 1ines of the
corrugations meet 也e centre 1ines of the end riveted
seams at points not far也er distance from 校le side plates
than one-half the inner radiu量。f curv a ture of 也ecomer
formed by the roof and side plates, in order to ensure
也很 the thkkness and height of the pressed diagonal
ωrrugations of the chamber are satisfactory, the
working pressure shall not exceed the smaller of the
values obtained from the following formulae :
W卫$
W卫=
t
H
W
L
(t 叩 1) X
H2
WXLXV(W2+12)
25000
55 (t - 1)2 X [W + V (W2 X 12月2
W与 12
E等\. (66)
E字\.
(67)
where,
is the thkkness of the roof plate in 32nds of an
inch,
is the height of the corrugation at its highest
part measured perpendìcularly on one side of
位e plate in inches,
is the width of the roof plate between the flat of
side plates at top less the inner radius of
curvature of comer or roof and side plate 怕
inches, i.e., W + radius = intemal width of firebox
at top,
is the length of the roof plate bεtween centre
怕飞部 of rivets in inches;
Indian Boiler Regulãtions
84
231. Garret Type-:- For Me$srs ..Richard G~et and
Son's corrugated stayless roof for fireboxes of locotype
boilers made of steel in which 由.e sideωrruga悦。nsare
parts of 忧ue circles and the radius of the middle
corrugation is not more 由anabout 1A由 of the radius of
the outer corrugations and the corrugations are
ca放lbered longitudinally, the working pressure 公tall
hot exceed the smaller of the values obtained from the
following formulae :
W.P.=
W.P.=
C x (t - 1)2
(L + 24)
R
Eqn. (68)
~
Eqn. (69)
明-
R
x [10 (t - 1) - L]
wh脏。
t= 出佼佼巾挝\e部 of the corrugated
plate in 32nds of
an inchì
二三些芝leng哇。f 注\e roofpl平兽的些芝些问!lines
R=
of rivets in inch饵，
出e ext残mal radius
of 由e
side corrugations at
出e .middle of 出el白棋1in 扭曲俑，
C 口 3创 where 出e
roof and side plates are in one
piece and 325 wh白白eyare‘ z如的时，
C1 = 12.5 where the roof and side plates are in one
piece and 11.25 where 岳飞ey are rive始d.
R 嚣 the
radi1Ìs of transverse curvature or camber of
middle part of corrugaöon measured from 也e
bottom of corrugation on water side in inches,
w= 由e width of firebox iri inches measured over
W的机 sid部 of side plates at the sea双18 attaching
them to r∞f plate,
C= 240
Cl = 875
(b)白\e corrugations measured from top to bottom on
one side, shall not be less 由扭曲reetimes 由e 刷ckness
of the finished plate in depth and not more than 12
times 出e 位让.ckness of 由e finished plate apart.
(c)τhe inner radius of corner at sides where
corrugations m就伊始to the flat sides shall be not less
than4 总黯础设1农瑞比如ess of the 监tished plate.
产 (d) Thelen拼loftheplainpa由前四ds-of r∞甜剖ween
佳\e centre lines of riveted seams and commencement of
α江vatureofωrrugations shall not exceed 由atallowed
for flat plate margins under Re gu1aöon 200.
CHAPT军RV
FUSIO民 WELDED
AND SEAMLESS FORGED
BQILERS A挺D
DRUMSFOI主 WATER τ飞JBE
Messrs Johr飞 Fowler and
C领p拙作(Leeds) corrugated r∞f for f坟'eb。那 d
10∞type boilers made of steel in which 役\e cro阴\ of
the roof is transve黯ely curved and corrugated in the
style of Fox's corrugated 如rnace 缸叫出er∞f plate, if
not solid with the side plates of the firebox, is securely
riveted thereto and to 由e flanges of the tube plate and
firehole plate and there is a row of suitably sized and
spaced screw stays below the commencement of
corrugations on 制ch side a杭ad世\g 设\e r∞，f plate to
theex栩栩lcas让哆 when the condiöons hereunder are
co黯.plied wi钱I the working pr笛sure shall notεxc辅d
the 部laller of the values obta泣led from 佼le fo丑。win窑
232.
SUPERHEA:τERS\
Fowl挝丁押e叫树 For
form世.ae:
W丑踹
C (t - 3)
R
;l.P.
=
C1 (~-1)
W
Eqn. (70)
Eqn. (71)
where,
t is the 刷cknes嚣。fr∞，f plate before corrugations
are form时， in 32nds of an 单位，
飞 isthe 部部ess of side pla憾。f firebox to which
roof plat湾 is attach睬， in 32nds of an inch,
Require篮锦饭- Whereapplicable the
of Chapter 1 relating to Ce:而且.cat仰 from
Makers, lnspec悦ng Authoriti，白， etc. , and of ch叩term
concerr由\g cons衍uction should be followed.
233. Generai
general 始rms
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCI10N
234. Materials for Fusion Welded Boil缸 Dru黯俨刨
The requirements of ChaF地区 n， so far as 也ey rela毛eto
plates, shall apply, excepting that the chemical
compositio衍， tensile st芷en拼1 部d elonga位on of the
material used 油硝 conformto 佳\e following as may be
app且.cable tothe quality of steels concemed…
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (LADLE ANALYSIS)
Carbon steels
"Carbon
O.250/0 m拟挝\um
Silicon
0.35%m拟挝\unl
Manganese
。.40 to 0.90%
ph岱phon主S
0.05% ma对mUll飞
Sulphur
0.05% m椒油um
• Aca也on content not ex附dìng 0.35% may be permi役时， subject
to 仕le approval of the Inspec位\g Authority唾
Indian Boiler Regulations
85
Mangane龄 Steels
SEAMLESS FORGED DRUMS
Carbon
Silicon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Molybdenum Steels
Carbon
O.23%m拟泣num
0.15% to 0.60%
0.90% to 1.40%
0.05% max加.um
0.05%max泣num
0.21 % m a:ximum
0.15% to 0.35%
0.50% to 0.90%
0.05% ma:x凶.um
Siliωn
Manganese
Phpsphorus
Su.tohur
0.05% 黯拙imum
挝olybdenum
0.25 to 0.60%
Chromium;;.Molybdenum Steels
Carbon
0.21 % ll'冻挝mum
Silic创
0.15% to 0.35%
Manganese
0.40 to.0.80%
Phosphorus
0.04% ma:x加\Um
Sulphur
句 0.04% maximum
Chromium
0.07 to 1. 15%
0.40 to 0.65%
M~lybdenum
M时hanical
Pròperties at 200 C (680 F)
l<ind olSteel Tensile Strength minimum
"elongation on
Lo 监 5door
Kg/m m2
1
Carbon Steels
(1)
(2)
。)
(4)
2
Tons/
inch
3
Lo 嚣 5.65
4
35
38.5
41
44
47
24.5
26
28
30
22
21
20
19
18
47
52
44
30
33
28
18
16
19
42
27
20
22
ÝAo
% mìnimum
Manganes啻 St量 el5
(1)
(2)
Molybdenum St臼15
Chromh孟m-
Molybdenum Steels
235. Manufaclure-创 C缸bon Steel for seamless
Forged Drums shall be made by the Open Hear也
or electrical fumace or basic oxygen process or any
other process which gives steel hav站在 equivalenl
properties.
(b) Forging which may have integral en巾， end!
closed by means of dished plates, open ends fOI
multi才 oints drums or any combination of these shaIl
b巳 made from solid cast ingot which is punched ,
bored or trepanned, or from a hòllow cast ingot and
shall comply entirely with th~ relevant requirements
of Chap始r 菇，
236. Chemical Analysi萨-τ'he steel shall not contain
more than 0.050 per cent of sulphur or of phosphorus.
237. Freedom from Defects- The drum sha11 be free
from surface defects and shall be machined to the
prescribed dimensions.
previous
gauge length,
do 黯 original diameter, and
Ao 都 original area of cross-阴暗tion.
Note- A range of nòt more 趴an 20 per cent of the
miIÚmum tensile strength shall be permitted in
each class of material.
(b) Plates over 2" in thic如.ess before being fabricated,
shall be UI欢fom冻在y heat tre时ed to produce grain
refinemen t. Heat trea恼\ent involving quenching in a
liquid medium is not pem吐tted.
s础ction
Where not machined, the forgings shaIl be workman
like surfaces 部 normally obtained by hot working.
Provided 也就 the minimum specified 也ic泣\ess is
maintained, minor surface defects may be admitted
and other defects removed by mechanical means so
as to achieve a smooth surface. Surface defects may
be prepared , by welding only, with the approval of
the Inspecting Authority provided that the drum is
stressed re1ieved after welding where necessary.
238. Heat Treatment- Each drum shall be effidently
heatt宣誓就ed:
(我)
At various stages
durin在 manufacture，
as
re电ui陀&
"Not俨阳
Lo 坦 original
sha11 not be repaired without the
of the Inspecting Officer.
民fects 栩如rgings
(b)
on completion of the for在ing process but prior
to the hydraulic tes t.
239. Mechanical Tests一 Material shall comply with
the mechanical tests herein spec说ied.
Sufficient material shall be left on the open end or
ends of each forging to enable tangential test pieces
to be taken. These tests shall consist of not less than
one tensile and òne bend test from each open end. In
the case of drums with open ends the test material
Indian Boiler Regulatio1t s
86
shall not be parted off before heat treatment. If the
drums are c1 0sed in at the ends the test rings shall
be parted off immediately before this operation;
subsequently: the test ringsand the forging shal1 be
similarly, arid. &iínuHaneously heat treated 弘 the
same furnace.
240. Selection of Test Pi斜础… (a) All test pieces shall
be selected by 出e Inspecting Officer and shall be tested
in his presence and he shall sa出句， himself 也at the
conditions herein prescribed are fulfilled.
(b) Tensile Tests Pieces-ηle tensile strength and
percentage elongation shal1 be determined from round
test pieces and gauge lengths of 5do.
(c) Tensile Test…
(i)η\e
tensile strength and percentage elongation
…一---一一世11 be 主主哩空时凹凹持鸣er组咀担担啊ts of
regulatìon 9 and 16.
(ii)τhe
upper yield point at room temperature
shall be not less than 50% of the spedfied
minimum tensile strength at room
temperature. The minimum values of the
stress at proof limit 0.2% at elevated
temperature (Et) of the materiàl may be
calculated by multiplying the minimum
specified tensile strength at room te:tnperature
〈去20) by the value of the ratio (黯/丑20) given
in the table under regulation 16.
(iii) The breaking
elonga貌。，n
in percent shall be not
less than
100- Rm
2.2
where,
除饥 tensile streng也就 room tempera沁舱，怕 kgf/
mm2
100 quality index
2.2 a constant which is valid only when Lo - 5do
where,
Lo gauge length
do original diameter of round test piece.
(d) Bend τ'est Pieces- Bend test pieces shall be of
rectangular section 1 inch wide by 3/4 inch thick.
τhé edges shall be rounded to a radius of 1/16 inch.
The test pieces shall be bent over the thinner foection.
Tests… The test pieces shall, when cold, be
of being bent without fracture , through an
angle of 180 0 the internal radius of the bend being
not 伊eater than that spedfied in table below :
{的 Bend
cap~ble
I nternal radius 01 bend
Inch
Upto 32
3/8
Above 32 and upto 36
1/2
Above 36 and upto 38
3/是
Bend
test窑 may
be made by pressure or, by blows.
241. Additional Tests Before 1旦ejection-- Sh~uld
either a tensile or bend test fails , two further tests of
the type which failed may be made on test pieces
cut from the same test rings. If the results obtained
from these retests are staisfactory, the drum shall be
accepted , provided that in other respects it fulfils
the conditions of this Chapter. If these re幡tests do
not give satisfactory results 也e drum represented
may be re-heat-treated together with the remainder
of the test rings , and presented for further testings.
In all cases where final re-tests do not give statisfactory
resul怒， the drum represented by the test pieces which
fail shall 如e rejected.
242. Di scard- Sufficier).t discard shall be made from
and bottom of each ingot to ensure soundness
in the portion for forging.
钱的op
243. Forging- The forging shall be made from a
so1id cast ingot, punched , bored or trepanned , or
alternatively, hollow , castingots may b~ used. The
resu1tant wal1 in the case of the solid cast ingot, or
the wall of hollow ingot as cast shall be reduced in
thickness by at least one-half in the process of
forging.
TUBES, PIPES IN
BOILE丑S， HEADEl主SAND
STEELCASτINGS
244. Tubes- 创 Tubes shall be of ∞ld drawn weldless
or hot finished weldless or electric-resistance-welded
steel and shall comply with regulations 36 to 63.
(的 Prpes… Pipωforming
an integral part of the
boiler unit shall comply with the provisions of
Chapter VIII.
lndian Boiler Regulations
87
Tests on butt welds on pipes shall be required under
Regulation 151 (h).
245. Headers… Headers and simil缸 pressure parts
窑hall be of fo主ged steel, seamless steel pipes or of
cast steel and shall comply with the relevant
provisions of Chapter II , in all other respects
拟cepting the chemical compositions tensile strength
and elongation of the respective materials, which
shall comply with the following , as may be
applicable:
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (LADLE ANALYSIS)
峰 "Carbon
Steels
Carbon
0.25% maximum
Si1i con
0.35% maximum
Manganese
0.30% minimum
Phosphorus
0.05% maximum
Sulphur
0.05%ma对mum
岛1anganese
Steels
Carbon
0.23% maximum
Silicon
0.20% to 0.60%
Manganese
0.90% to 1.30%
Phosphorus
0.05%
Sulphur
。.05% 夜laX法'lum
max远山思
Molybdenum Steels
Carbon
0.20%
max怯'lU部
Silicon
0.10% to 0.45%
Mangane部
0.35% to 0.80%
Phosphorus
0.05%
max知num
Sulphur
。.05%
maximum
Molybdenum
0.25% to 0.65%
Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
(1) Carbon
0.18%
max挝'lum
Silicon
0.10% to 0.60%
Manganese
0.35% to 0.70%
Phosphorus
0.05% maximum
Sulphur
0.05% maximum
Chromium
Molybdenum
0.7% to 1.25%
0.4% to 0.7%
•• ACarbol1 content not exceeding 0.35% may be p岳阳对 tted ， subject
to the approval of the lnsp告cting Authority.
(2) Carbon
Silicon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Chromium
Molybdenum
0.15% max让num
0.10% to 0.50%
0.35% to 0.70%
0.04% max泣num
0.04% maximum
2.0% to 2.5%
0.9% to 1.2%
MechanicalProperties at 20 C (68 的
Kínd olSteel Ten5 iIe Strength minimum
Q
Q
Lo = 5.65 、心4.0
2
Ton51
Înch
3
31.5
45
20
28
25
21
30
33
24
23
19
22
25
25
20
20
Kglmm 2
1
Carbon Steels
(1)
'"elongatioll 011
Lo 瑞 5do or
Manganese Steels
(1)
47
(2)
52
Molybdenum Steels 37.5
ChromiumMolybdenum Steels
(1)
39
(2)
39
% milliml lt1!
4
易Note:
Lo =
origin革19革ug告:告ngth;
= original di在m苦始主i and
Ao = original area of cross嗡
00
246. Steel Castings- Steel castings for pressure parts
shall comply with Regulations 73 to 80 (28 to 35 tons
per sq. inch).
FUSION ￥VELDED
DI矶;如1S
247. Definition of Term 'Fusion Weld'一丁he term
'Fusion Weld' is, for the purpose of this Chapter,
applicable to all welded joints made by the metal arc
process with covered electrodes or other electric arc
process in which the arc stream and the deposited weld
metal are shielded from atmospheric contamination.
It is intended that this Chapter shall apply to the single
run or heavy run welding process and that welded
boiler drums manufactured by that process shal1
conform with all Regulations of this Chapter, excepting
those in which divergence is necessary solely because
of special requirements essential for the most efficient
utilisation of that process. Thus all Regulations
governing quality of material , construction
workmanship and testing (both non-destructive and
otherwise) are applicable.
88
Indi.a n 抛在T Regullltions
主50.
Preparation of Plat刷一百'\e edges of all plates
shall 如 prepared and surfaced by machining or
chippìng or flame cuttìng.
Before weldìng is co黯m础\ced，由，e gr∞Ives shall be
thoroughly cleaned of rust, oi,l or cither foreign matter.
加fore l'Ye1dìng of the joint is commenced (apart from
tack weldìng) it shall be ascertained that 出echamfered
edges are ìn alignment and 也就 the defects ìn a1ignment
betwe部'\ the surface of the plates do not exceed the
1imits ìndicated ìn the followìng table:一
咐'阳一位们
be fumished.
…刷川刷一
a.
Sketeh剖 showiitg details óf th豆! welds prëþ iëltións for
the attach回，ent of 也，e staild pipes, branch pipes and
seating and 出eir locations relative to the longi相d坦al
and citcumferentialseams and to 。在er openings shall
11
Fully dimensioned drawings of the proposed welds
preparations of 泣'\e main seams drawn to a scale which
dearly shows a11 thEi relevant details shall be fumished.
mdfJJJ
249. Constructional detai1s and Prep盯就ion for
Welding-翩翩 The manufadurer shall supply the
~p配结咯 Authority with'a fully 出mer回∞edsecti创ull
drawìng showi吨 ìn full detail the construction of 由e
drum树 forapproval before putting 布e work ìn hand.
们川剧
havìng satisfactory means for temperature control, but
郁 an altemative arrangements may be made whereby
the drums can be heat电eated elsewhere.
戏'如-
，陀
。
of 役出\e l!l缸
c阳alj扣。祀t笛
sìnpr
'es邱surev'笛s
跑
el始s. 咀'\e works should
also be equipped with a suitable heat trea白\g 缸mace
3mm
-础，圳工
micr
即。叫噜
ex挝划n
阳
挝ti阳
a
onofs严cim忽创，
ens
回
sandx-翩r
胳
aye
献
x缸时na
硝t，io
∞
n
一
…一…嚣阳主
u革i泣ta
拮:bli沁恕
时"
e
阳forcaη抖ng'冶圳iUttl
始
:ens让
h
浪巳〉7飞， 挠
b哥窜部
E嚣
nd
才叩础拟础1咀
d
4m
M
Upto 13 mm incl,
Ove笠 13 mm upto 19 mm
Over 19 mm and upto 38
ov配 38 mm and upto
51mm
Over51 mm
Ha--·······
制
出切…哈
LH
(b) The works should be 吨uipped wi也 an efficient
testìng laboratory which should include apparatus
拔'凶一
248. E.quipment of Workshop-树The weldìng plant
and equipment are to be of good quality and maìnta恒，ed
in an efficient working condition. The welding
app础拙lS is to be ìnstalled under cover and arranged
50 位Ult the weldìng work Il).ðy be carried out ìn positions
free from drau阱ts and adverse wea血er ∞ndi钱。ns.
The pr创edure is to be such 由剖在ere is re伊lar and
systematic supervision of the weldìng works, and the
weldìng operators are to besubjected by the works
officials to periodic 始描 for quality of workmanship.
Records of 仿制e tests are tp be kept and are to be
available to the Inspectìng Officers for scrutìny.
ALIGNMENT TOLERANC运 OF SECTIONS TO BE
BUTr-WELDED
Section Thickness , mm
ιa
蚓.盟
drums ordered to this Chapter are made
by the sìngle run or heavy run process it will be
under创ood that Regulations 252 and 267 do not apply
ìn 伽eir entirety.
刷刷一」
wh四 welded
3qun
5mm
3mm
k嚣sor of 1/16t
3mm
Lessor of 1/8t
or 19 mm
。r9mm
If plate edges of unequal thickne部 are abutted and 由e
difference between the surfaces exceeds the limit
mentioned as above on either side, the thicker plate
shall be thinned to a smooth 始per for a distance not
less 船an 4 times the offset.ìncludìng, if so desired, the
,
…卢→亚盖挣旦飞，Øle weld几.fu 10界，g!tll.(，i，ml'lljQ主斑， the 皿i制k
lìne of the plates s1:'lall be ìn alignment withìn 10 per
cent of the thickness of the thicker plate with a
max挝\umof3mm 口 /8 inch).
251. Cylindrical Shel1 of Drums- Each drum shell
l
pla惚 shall be of cylindrical form to the extreme edg剧
。fthe pla始. Th e bendþ:lg shall be done en出'ely by
macl由\e and local hea耐l.g or hammerìng is prohibi始乱
Where the pl时es are bent to an ìntemal diameter le黯
than 20 times the plate thickne跳出，ey shaU be efficiently
heat，咐eated after bendìn~ to relieve ìntemal s梅S础
田巾ss durìng the last stag蹈。f bendìng they have been
ur帅rmly heated 加ou拚，out.
252. Method of Making Welded Joints- Provided the
requisite quality of weldìng is achieved , the seams ìnay
by welded from bo出 sides of the plate or from one side
C! tthe plate with or without a bac挝ng 牵制护 lfabacking
strip is used, it shall be removed and the surface 盼
exposed shall be dres阳d.
Additional runs 'of metal shall be depçsited at the
surface of the welded seams so that the welded metal
at the level of the surfaces of 仕\e plate is re曲\ed as far
as possible. The sUrfaces of the weld shall thereafterbe
machined or ground 50 as to provide sm∞thωz戏。时S
and to be flush wi役1 the respective surfaces of the plate.
There shall be no undercl点ìng at the junc如阔，
When affixìng standpipes, branch pipes, seatìng,
compensating plates, doublìng plates or manhole
frames, not less 也缸'\ two tUI\Sof meta1 shaU be depæi始d
at 锦命 weld. Each tUI\ of weld sha1l be thorou拉ly
cleaned and freed from slag that may adversely affect
the qua1ity of the succeeding runs. Welds shall be
marked permanently to facilitate 郎ir location.
lndian Boiler Regulations
253. Types of Welded Joints… τhe longitudinal
circumferential seams shall be made wi也 butt joints of
出.e sin窑le Or double U or V硝 type.
254. Number of Joi航船叫Where， hav.也g regard to 血e
approved design多出e dimensions are such 出.at the shell
cannot be made from a single plate, it sha11 be made wi1h
出em如阳:um numberofjointsand 出elbnßi灿d如alseams
in successive rings shall not fa11 in line, except where the
放ngs of the drum are in two halves of unequal 也ickn臼s.
255擎 Position of the Tube Hole s- Tube holes in welded
随时ns
should be avoided. Where 出ey are unavoidable
may be machined through welded seams after
these seams have been radiographed, and stress
relieved. The efficiency of the ligament in the direction
of weld shall be mu 1tiplied by a weld factor not
exceeding 0.95 except where the distance from the edge
of the tube hole to the 创ge of the weld is greater than
13 mm (1/2"). The edge of the weld shall be considered
to be the edge of the weld groove as macl由led 扭曲e
plate prior to welding.
也.ey
Notwithstanding anything contained in this re部11硝.on，
efficiency of the ligament in 白e direction of weld shall
notbe 肌.ultiplied by a weld factor 0.95 where 100 per
cent radiography of weld joint is done.
256. (a) Circulatory of Drum黯… The difference between
intema1 diameter of 孰e drum measured at 部y
cross-section and 位eno黯inal internal diameter of 出e
drum shou1d not exce创 1 per cent of 也e latter.
白.e
Any departure of profile m锦sured on the outside of
the drum with a 伊u在e of the designed form of 也e
exterior of the drum arld of le吨位吨ual toaquar怡róf
the internal diameter, shall not exceed the percentage
given in table below :
Nomillal internal d勿附tero/drum
Percentage o/IIominal
l nternal diameter
Upto and including 36 inches
0.375
Over 36 upto and incl uding 45 inches
0.35
Over 45 inches
0.3
Flats at the welded seams shall not be permitted and
any local departure from circularity shall be gradual.
(b) Tolerance(i) 世le deviation from circularity in any section
shall, in the case of normalised drums, not exceed
2% and in case of stress relieved drum 1%. The
deviation from a straight line sha驻 not exceed
0.3% of the cylindricallength.
(副主\ order to detem由\e 白ede功硝onfra肌位α虑对.ty
ofthedrums 也.err除X加.umand 黯站烛.um internal
diameter at one crass s就tion 位硝 be measured.
From 设lese measured valu础 the percentage
89
devia悦。n
from circu1arity shall be calculated
aαord拙gto 航.e follow始.g formula:一
2 (d m .. 明 d牛.J
x 100
(d m 刷 + d mln)
C 黯嗣:::...
where, C
= percentage deviation from circularity
d
= internal diam斜阳 at one cross section.
of the drums.
In order to determine 出.e deviation from a straight line,
a: stretched line shou1d be pleased longitudinally against
the sides and its largest distance from the shell line
concemed shall be measured. From 刷s distance, and
from 出.e cylindrical shell, the deviation from 伽.estraight
line shall be ca1culated.
257. MechanicalTest and Test Plates 如r Fusion
Welded Seams- (的 Fusion welded joints shall comply
with the mechanical tests herein sp时ified.
Not less than one 臼t of test plates shall be provided to
welding of each long烧成inal s础m.
represent 也e
The testplates may by a位ached at each end of the longi辅
相dinal se缸nor 也.e set may be located at one end a时y警
告) Where 也e drum shell is formed intwo or more
courses, the staggered longit.udinal s刨根 shall b号
regarded as a continuous longitudinal seam provided
在.ewe远ing be e在民ted in one reasonably con出\UOUS
operation and by the same operator or operators.
(c) Where there a指出'cumfer邵阳lse创ns only or where
the method of welding the circumferential se创ndüfer
from 也.at employed for the longitudinal seams, the
me由此 of providing the test plates shall be decided by
the Inspecting Au也ority.
(d) The tesfplates shall be of a size sufficient for the
preparation of the test pieces speci自ed in Regulation
258(a) and for any repeat t~st pieces that may be
required. 咀\e material for each set of test plates shall
be cut from the respective plate or plates fopl曲鸣也e
appropriate se由n， and before being cut shall b~ stam严d
by the Inspecting Officer.
(的When the analysis of 出e pla怡 is approved by 也e
lrispecting Authority and is considered sufficiently
similar, the test plates may be cut from ope drum shell
plate on1y.
(f) In the case of insufficient material being available 011
the shell plate to permit 也.ecut出飞g of test pieces，也.es毒
shall be ac四'ptable if 也ey are made from ano也.erplatE
provided it is made from the same cast.
(g) The weld groove 单位\e test plates shall be s挝道arto
that adopted for the corresponding edges of 役le
longitud如al seam, aI}d the re量pective fusion faces shall
90
Indian Boiler Regulatio1tS
be in continuousalignment. The test plac部 shall be
reinforced or supported during welding in order to
prevent under warping.
The weld metal in 由e plat部 and 出.e seam shall be of
the same grade of electrode and sha11 be deposited
con位lUouslyat 也e same operation.
(h) 白'le weld in any test plate shall not be repaired
un1ess agreed by 血e Inspec创ng Authori号r and the
repa让s shaU be done in 侃而 a manner as w i1l ensure
that the repaired seam in the 始st plate is still
representative of 枝'le material in the main se缸主\.
(i) Where 放 is des让ed to straighthen test plates which
have warped during welding theymay be straighthened
挝 a temperature below the temperature of heat
treatment of the drum to which 出eybelong. Straighthening sha l1 take place before final heat trea恤\ent.
(iii) Two bend test specimens.
(iv) Three notched七ar 泣\pact test spec协ens.
(v) Onespec挝\en for micro and macro examination.
The remainder of each set of test plates shall be retained
for any retests required. Any specimen for re-t锦t shall •
be cut off from the same set of test plate, as the original
speclffien.
Surfaces of tensile, bend and impact test spedmens
ωrresponding with the outside of the drums shall be
only lightly dressed so that the rolled surface of the
parent metal is not wholly removed, except that where
the rolled surfaces of theabutting plates are not level
with one another, one plate may be machined at each
face of the weld provid时 the dep啦。f metal removed
does not exceed 0.8 mm.
如)
G) For heat treatment, see Regulation 267.
4a
4每
一…………制 If.any~def配ts如仕teweldmetalofat创t 川plateare
2
revealed by radiographical examination, the position
of these shal1 be dearly marked on 位.e plate and test
pieces shal1 be selected from such parts of 生he test
plates as may be dedded by the Inspecting Authority.
258. Selection ofTest Pì窜出♂… (a)Fro部由e test plates
or plates on each longitudinal seam, test pieces shal1 be
selected for 白e fo l1owing tests，出e spec挝\ens being
cut out as showing Figs.16 and 17 and st部npedbythe
Inspec挝ng Officer for identific就tion:
(i) One tensi1e test spedmen for 和，e welded joint.
(ii) One all-weldmetal tensile test spec挝\en.
• Example盎然\owíng approximate disposítions of the test piecωin
饺\e test plates are shown Îl\ Figs. 16 and 17.
5
4b
主
N01 more than 5mm ap垂rt
理
E二二::::J 211311
3 IlIf电1111剖111
1. Tensile test for join t.
Tensile test for alI-weld metal.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bend tes仁 outer and.inner surfaces of plate (at weld).
Notched bar impact test 革pecimen.
Micro and macro specimen.
DETAILS OF TEST PLAT应S
FIG.16
4a
5
2
3
3
Not more th挺n 5 mm apart
i '1. 1111.11 "1 1.1 111 1 11 I 1 11==工 1
~
4Þ
公
1. Tensile test for join t.
2. Tensile test for all-weld meta l.
3. Bend test, outer and inner surfaces of plate (at weld.)
DETAILS
1 I
2
3
11
3
11.1
5
a. Izod impact te成 outer surface of plate.
b. Izod imp在ct test, inner surface of plate.
S. Micro and macro specimen.
OF 丁 EST PLATES
FIG.17
4.
Illdìan Boiler
1之.egulatiollS
91
mm. These spedmens shall be taken ou t of the 怡然
piece in such a way that the tensile test covers the
whole th比如ess of the weld joints as shown in Fíg. 18B.
In this case the result of the、test of every test specimen
concemed shall meet the requirements specified in
regulation 260(a).
259. Tensile Test Pi号ces一位) Welded Joint-ηle
dimensìons of the reduced tensile section shall 抽出ere
shown in Fíg. 18A, the wídth of the reduced sectíon
shall be at least 25πlffi.
If the thickness of the plate does not exceed 30 mm, the
thickness of the spedmen shall be equal to the plate
血íc比less and the plate surface of 白e specimen shall be
machined to take away the surface irregular恬es of 也e
plate and the weld.
在) All Weld metal… The dimensions of the all weld
metal tensile test specimens shall be fhose gíven in
Fig.19.
If the plate thickness exceed 30 mm. the tensile test
shall be carried out on several reduced section
specimens, each having a thickness of at least 30 mm
and a wìdth at the effective cross-section of at le割 25
ZHQHZ
唱2
1主EDUCED SECTION 丁 ENSILE
SPECIMEN
曲"咱-也曲同时"
岱如
wh
rw
wcnszu
v〈
(wdg吕京
2时
wdggmN
‘。
The dìameter shall be 位\e maximum possible consistent
with the cross-section of the weld but in no case more
than 20 mm. The gauge le鸣th shall be 吨ual to five
times the díameter.
FIG.18A
俨 aa2·······
间H
〈 MA《
MZ〈
』
-HZ5-c〉d
己的自 Zυ岳阳EH
Aω
H
si--
在于;一;←~
REDUCED SECTIONTENSILE SPECI如IEN INTHICKPLATE
FIG.18B
260. Tensile Tests- 间 Welded Joint- The ultimate
tensi1e stress shall be not less than the lower lirnit
specified for the plate (see table under 1之.eg.234).
(b) All-Weld Metal- The ultimate tensile stress sha11
be not less than the lower limit specified for the plate
(see table under Reg. 234).
The elongation shall be not less than 20 per cent on a
gauge length of four times the square root of the cross幡
sectional area of the specimen, and the reduction in
area not less than 35 per cent.
(a) One for direct and one for reverse bending shall
be taker飞 transversely to the weld and where the
thickness of the plate permits, one should be
above the other. The specimens shall be
rectangular in section so as to have a wídth
equal to one 部ld half times the thickr飞ess of the
specimen but not less th部 30 mm. The surface
of the specimens shall be machined just to
remove the surface irr吨ulariti创 of 设le plate
and theweld 鑫 The comers of the specimens shall
be rounded to a radìus not exceeding 10% of the
thickness of the specimen.
、
92
lndian Boiler Regulations
(b) Where p1ate 出ickne部es do not exceed, 1 1/2 in.
The test spec惚.en shall be pushed 巾。吨h the support嚣
by a former having a diame惚r also determined by the
thickness of 由.e specimen. 衍\e require血.ents of table
below, relating to the 注uckness of test specimen, shal1
apply.
/
出e 出ic挝1部sof 泣le spec泣nen
shall be equal to 也e
f叫l 也icknessof the test pla锐. Where 由e p 1ate
俭让.ckness exceeds 11h in. 也.e sp创始\en shall in all
cases have a 注uckness of 时 least 11h in. The
specimen to be tested with 也e outer surface of 位e
weld in tension shall be prepared by c::utting to
W描始出eme始llocal 始 the inner surface of the
weld so 也就由.e desired spec抽1屈役uckness is
obtained (see Fig. 20. Specimen A.). The specin'ten
to be tested wi也 the inner surface in 梅lSionshall
be prepared by cu挝ng to,waste the 到etallocal to
也.e outer surface of theweld so 出at 出e desired
sp但如1白白ic刘essisob切阳时 (seeFig. 20. Sp民i­
m凯自).Wherë the thickness ofthe plate 严m灿，
bothsp配加\ens may be cut from the s缸nepieceof
plate，也espec油\en being loca想d in the p Iate one
above the 0也.er (See Fig. 20. Sp配垃\en C).
oUTER SURFACE
……气
Table… Bend Test Requirement事
Specified minimum te1lsile Diameter Free space betweetl sup01 plate
01 Fo仰ter port at the el1 d 01 Test
2
Below 44 kgf/mm
21
4.21
From 44 如 54 kgymm2
31
5.21
"Above 54 kgf/mm主
41
6.21
草tre饲gth
On completion of 坠e test, no crack or defect on the outer
surface of 出e spec油en shal1 be greater than 1.5 mm
measured across 白白pecim俑， or3mmm础suredalong
出e spec迦\e民 Prematur建 failure at the comers of 出e
spec油ensha延 notbec∞sidered 描 acausefor 叫ection.
tLTt) …一二十中 -----1→……-26叫你he甜甜lmpact__Test= _The_.:l叫d
L_ J p.l4"
gg忌ψ!自蛐 _ll 跚蛐- -翩翩 -J
I >怕引→
A. NO肌ALBENDsmcIMBN
<
!..L _ _ _ _ _ _ I C-:J…
阴晴C础。
j
削啊叫
Ñ- -1
廿
r 跚……翩…叩皿……翩…翩 l
广 1
向…飞飞引Tt川唰峭%
-
anddim础ions 如m 坦 f地ure21Aand2即heno烛
shallbecmtmed h 除 weld-mtal?t approxi忍耐ly
the 础is of 也.e weld and 血e 拙is!of the notch is to be
perpendicular 抽出e surface of 位将 þlate:
二阳R<ti附瞅必二百巧一
B.REVE民SEBENDSPEC肌，fEN
b_ar
impact 惚st specimens are 怡 be one of the two types
$一.:.JJ
μJ
OUTER SURFACE
曰 -!l
lrru
棚n
占
55mm
FIG. 21A - STANDARD U.NOTCH TESτPIECE
川剧时幽
test shal1 be carried out as follows
FEEBEE』
S雹
EZE响起
tk
?问州
………咄一到
叫到?川川
如
N OT
Fiiltid
轧­
民
G晤
55mm
T DA p
:一
For the 飞T-Notch spec恼.en as a temperature of 20 土
20 C. For the V notch spec坦1础， at a temperature of 520
土 2OC. In the case of V notch spec挝飞船， the 凯achinin嚣
。f 也e bottom of the notch shal1 be done very carefully.
•=•...‘
句
、、
筑底FAC嚣。'FWELD
别 TE陆ION
SPECIMEN 3 BEND TEST
。FIG.20
262. Bertd Tests-幽The spec恤.en shal1 be mounted in
sucha way 也挝 the axis of 出.e former is in the middle
of the weld, and on roller supports 也.e faces of which
aresepa路ted by a distance determined by the thickness
0f 也.~ spec站稳孔
e&
山
M
口
饨，.
世\e
瞌w
P
目
CORNERSROUNDED
TO RADIUS NOT
EXCEEDING 1/10 X T
G
四.j
i高血US
iiiJm
The choice between U notch and V notch spec恼出
shall be at the discretion of 由e Inspect始喜 Authority.
The minimum result to be obtained from the 油pact
test pieces shall be:
(a) U notch specimen
5.50 kgfm/ cm1
(b) V notch spec协m
3.46 同fm/cm2
Note… Above values are equivalent to 2.76 kgfm
divided by sectional area below the notch.
.
lndian
Boíler 反egulatíons
93
264. Additional Tests before Rejection… (a) Should any
of the test specimens taken in accordance with Regs. 257
to 263 fail to meet the spec证ied requirements one retest
shall be allowed for each spec凶m 胁时 fails， provided
the following minimum figures have been obtained:
(i) Reduction
in 挝ea
30 per cent.
(泣) Anyo也er
test except the be时 and 挝lpact tests,
90 per cent of the specified requirements.
(b) If a ωld bend specimen should fail to meet the
specified requirements, two re~tests shall be taken from
the same test plate and these shall comply with the
requirements of Regulations 261 and 262.
(c) If an Izod 坦lpact test fails to meet the spec证ied
requirements, two re~tests shall be taken from the test
plate, one each side of the çriginal specimen and sepa~
rated from it by not more 位1an 5 mm. 80th re~tests shall
shów a minimum Izod 泣主lpact 始st value of 20 公.lb.
(d) If it be found there is insufficient metal to perm让位e
preparation of specimens for re-test from the remainder
of the test may be cut from the test plate relating to 也e
opposite and of the same longitudinal seam.
265. Non-Destructive Test- (a) Micro and Macro
Examin创ion… A spec坦1en， the full 由ickness of the
pla祀 and not less 也挝113 mm wide may be taken from
each set of test plates by the Inspecting Authority for
也.e purpose of micro and macro examination.
Macroetchir1g of a complete cro路-section of the weld
inch主ding 出e heat effected zone, should show satisfactory penetration, fusion and absence óf significant
indusions or other defects. In case of a doubt as to 也e
condition of the weld as shown by microetching，注le
area concemed is to be microscopically examined for
defect investigation.
(b) Radiographical Examination- 翠very portion of
the longitudinal and circumferential welded joints of
the drums shall be subjected to radiographical
examination or u 1trasonic examina生ion. Where
ultrasonic examination is used it shal1 be demonstr剖ed
to the satisfaction of the Inspecting Authority 出atthe
equipment and the technique used are satisfacto可.The
manufacturer shall ensure that the operator employed
is competent to use the equipment, apply the technique
interpret the resu1ts of the examination.
它le method employed in obtaining 位\e radiographs
shall be such as to show dearly defects having a
magnitude equal to 2' per ce挝 of 白e 位ickness of the
welded joint. To determine whether 位is result is being
obtained and indicator of approved form which
indudes a portion equivalent to no
Each section of every weld shall be marked so that 出s
radiogr叩hs can be easily correlated to the particular
part of the joint represented.
The examination shall be made from the original films
and 由e acceptability of the welds shall be 叫ected or dealt.
with under Re gulation 266 and be radiographed again.
ωMagnetic Partide Flaw Detection- Magnetic
method of flaw detection shall be employed wherever
possible for ferritic steel.
(d) Dye-Penetrant Flaw Delection… Dye-penetrants
or equivalent method of f1 aw detection shall be
ernployed for Austenetic or other'no阶magnetic Steel.
(e) All butt welded joints shall be su问ected to nondestructive examination by radiographic, radioscopy or
other approved methods such as ultrasonic testing,
magnetic partidé inspection or 1iquid dye penetrant
inspection. When radioscopic examination is to be
performed in lieu of radio吝raphy on welded components,
出e following re哇哇rements shall be met, n忍nely:一
(1) A wrÏtten procedure shall be submitted for
approval to the Inspec和飞g Authority which shall
contain the following:明…(i) material and the thickness range;
(íi) equipment qualificati阳刚
(iii) test 0同ect scan plan;
(iv) radioscopic parameters;
(v) 挝lage processin尊严rameters;
如i) 始lage
display parameters;
archiving requirements;
(viii) accept-reject criteria (Code reference);
(ix) performance evaluation;
(x) Operator identification.
(2) The system shall be aided with an image
processor to enhance the quality of the
radioscopic images .and system performance
quality shall e功ibit。 a 出in section contrast sensitivity of 3%;
争斗 a thick section contrast sensitivity of 2%;
(iii) a spatial resolution of 31ine pairs per mm;
(iv) IQI sensitivity - 2% of the joint thickness
when wire IQI's are to be used , the wire
diameter axis shall be oriented along the
axis of the least sensitivity of the system.
(3) Ra dioscopes are to be properly marked to corelate with particular part of joint represented.
向 The radioscopic examination data shall be
recorded and stored on video-tape, magnetic
disk or optical disk at 在楼 maker's plant for a
sufficient period after the date of radioscopic.
仓xamination as specified by the Inspecting
(vii) 协age
94
lndian BoUer Reglllatiolls
Authority, Efficient radioscopic examination
record recall shall be made available at any time
over the record retention period and shall be
traceable to the t部t objects.
(5) When repair has been performed as a result of
radioscopic exam始就ion，也.e repaired areas sha1l
be re -examined using the s缸口e radioscopic tech幡
nique to evaluate the effectiveness of the rep刽孔
(6) 丁o aid in proper interpretation of the radioscopic
examination data, the details of the technique used
shall accompany the data. As a minimum, the
information sha1l indude the approved procedure
requirements and system performance test data.
266. General一例 Any repair to a weld carried out by
the manufacturer shall first be agreed to by the
Inspecting Authority.
Where defects occur in distributed positions in a seam,
repairs to the extent of 15 per cent, of the totallength of
the seam shall be permitted to replace the defective
~一→……百副总记吝~-
一一…一…一…一一……一…
Where the defects are located in a single continuous
length, the permìssible 拟tent of repair shall be decided
by the Inspecting Authority.
。) Longitudinal Seams-叩 Where the weld metal in
anywayfa出 tocomplywi往往lerequire阳.ents 叩配ified
the whole of the weld metal may be removed and the
seam re-welded provided that :
(i) the original test plates are similarly treated , or
(ii) new test plates of the same thickness as the joint
and of similar quality of material are attached to
the end of the seam and re-welded with ìt.
In either case the plates shall be tested in
accordance with Regulations 257 to 265 and the
requirement for heat treatment shall be in
accordance with Regulation 267.
(c) Circumferential Seams幽幽幽 With regard to the extent
of permissible repair and when agreed by the Inspecting
Authority a circumferential se刽我 shall be treated in the
same m忽mer as a longitudinal seam. The Inspecting
Authority shall be entitled to call for representative
tests for a re-welded circumferential seam.
(d) Removal of Def创始… Defects shall be cut out by
chipping of machinin荡。r by buming out by the Air
Arc Weld Process.
(e) Examination Before Re-welding- Where a defective
part has been cut 0时， the' Inspec出，1g Autho-rity shall be
entitled to make an exarr阳就ion before re-welding.
(f) Process Used for Repairs- Only metallic arc
welding shall be used for repairs ‘
(g) Radiographical 荒xamination After Repai rs- All
repaired areas shall be subjected to radiographical
examination.
(h) Spedmen Representing Repairs- The Inspecting
Authority shall be entitled to call for specimens
representing any welded repair, for the purpose of
examination and test.
。 Di磊gram of Welded Repa irs- on completion of all
welded repa出校le manufac如rers shall, if requested,
supply for record purposes a detailed dia革ramshowing
the position, leng白， dep也 and wid th of a注 such repa出-
267. (a) Heat Treatment- After the completion of the
welding of the seams and the welding on the stand
pipes and induding welding repairs but before the
hydraulic test, each drum shall be heat treated for stress
relieving; during this heat treatment the official test
plates shall be lying in side the drum.
(aa) The he挝 trea惊飞ent referred to in dause
not be nec础sary in case of Carbon Steel :
(动 shall
Provided that the thickness of the Part weld recess
does not exceed 20 mm. 缸ld the Carbon content does
…__, .notex:c~e.dQ，25_.p.eLcen.L_ →一…………………
(ab) Where the welded joint connects 阴阳 that are of
different thickness, the thickness to be considered in
applying the limiting thickness of 20 n飞m for carbon
steel shall be the following nominal thickness induding
corrosion allowance :
(i) 出e
thinner of two adjacent butt welded component inc1uding shell to end connection;
(ii)
the 佼ùckness
of the shell in connections to flat
ends;
(iii) the thickness of the shell or end in nozzle
attachment welds;
(iv)
the 在ickness of the nozzle at the joint in nozzle
to flange corrections;
(v) the thickr飞ess of the pressure part at the point of
attachment where a non pressure part is welded
to a pressure part, in case of butt welds;
(vi) the thickness of the fillet weld at the point of
attachment where a non帽pressure part is welded
to a pressure part, in case of fillet welds.
(b) Where the shell is subjected to a primary stress
identical to the f拙al heat treatr因此
to be given to the drum, the test plates may be placed
inside the shell during the primary treatment and
thereafter cut up and tested without waiting for the
final treatment of the drum.
relievi鸣 treatment
(c) Where the shell is not ~ubjected to primary stress
relieving treatment or is subject to a primary stress
relieving treatment which is not identical with the final
heat treatment the test plates may be placed insìde 缸ly
other drum of compélrable dimensions which 1S to be
heat treated in accordance with this Ch叩ter.τhe heat
treatment is to take place in the fumace in which the
11ldian Boiler Regulations
95
drum relating to the test plates wil1 eventually be given
its final heat treatmen t.
(d) Temperature charts shall be submitted to indicate
that the test plates and the drums they represent have
been subjected to identical heating, soaking and cooling
treatmen仁
(e) For the heat treatment, the drum shall be placed in a
fumace sufficiently larger to accommodate the whole
drum.τhe furnace shall ha ve proper means of
temperature measurement and control and shall be
capable of heating the whole of the drum to a uniform
temperature. It shall be 50 designed as 知 prevent direct
impingement of flame on the drum.τhe tempera饥ue of
出.e fumace at 出.e time the drum is placed in 让 shall not
be higher 出an 300o C, For carbon steel astress relieving
heat treatment shall be performed by heating the part to
at least 600 士 20 C， When required by the characteristic
of the material different temperatures may be necessary
to obtain proper stress relieving. 币le part to be stress唰
relieved shall be brought slowly up to the specified
tempera机ue and held at that t创抗perature for a period
proportioned on the ba础。f at least 2~ minutes per
millimeter of the maximum thickness of the part
(Approximately one hour per 25 mm of thickness) and
shall be left to cool in 也e fumace to a tempera如re which
for parts wi血 a 出ickness greater 也an 20 mm does not
exceed 40铲已
o
After withdra w al from the furnace the part shall be
allowed to cool in a still atmosphere. A temperature
险机e diagram of the stress-relieving process shall be
provided for a welded shell or drum and a similar
diagram for other welded pressure pàrt sha l1 be
provided where Inspecting Authority requires a t.
Note… Other stress-relieving heat treatment at a temperature as low as 55 C may be adopted provided
attention is gìven to th世 holding time in order to
ensure a sufficient degree of stress-re1ieving.
0
TABLE
Type 01 Steel Rallge 01 te1ll perature Time at tempemture per
Íl l degree αM 您rade
mm 01 tllíckness 01 plate
1生挠。
620-660
2.5 minutes
(30 minutes min.)
lh Cr lh MO
1Cd生岛10
630 - 670
2.5 minutes
(30 minutes min.)
llh Cr -lhMO
21,1 Cr - 1MO
650-750
2.5 minutes (1 hour min.)
Note: For pipes of 2lJt Cr 1MO sp告dfication upto and
ìnduding 127 mm O\.ltside diameter and upto 13 mm walI
thíckness, the time may be 30 minutes minimum.
τhe heat treatment of steels having Cr Mo V shall be carried
out as per the requirements of the code of manufadure of
plat邸I pipes.
。}
Alternative procedure for the heat treatment of the
drum may be submitted to the Inspecting Authority
for aþprovaL
(g
斟) In 叩
spe
町
cial cases it may be permissìble to heat trea
挝t
the 怡
te
岱s挝t plat!怡
es se
叩
par
服
挝t惚el
a
刨悖
y from the dr飞
w
飞
Ins叩
归
p
配
e
ctì趴
n飞gAutho古rity 沁
i s sati捻
sfi<捻
.ed with the mη:le
盼
缸王1戏
a
sadop
严E沁
ed
t怕
oensure 由
t ha
时t the following factors will be the same for
the drum as far the test plates.
武挝e
of heating.
Maximum temperature.
Time held at maximum
temperature剥
Conditions of cooling.
268. Hydrau1i c test at makers' works一位) Boiler drum
and other cylíndrical component havinginternal
diameters greater than 600 millimetres shall be
hydraulically tested on completion of manufacture at
the makers' works in the presence of Inspecting Officer
to 1~ times 出e maximum permìssible working pressure
without indication of weakness and defects.
(b) All components which are not reasonably accessible
for 让lSpection after as仰mbly into the bo i1er or have
been tested hydraulícally prior to welding at a pre部ure
less than that specified in sub-regulation (的 sha11 be
tested hydraulically to l 1h times the maximum working
pressure befor.εassembly into the boiler.
(c)τubular products that have been hydraulically tested
to the required pressure prior to welding or
ultrasonica11y tested sha11 not require further hydraulic
testing as components provided they were joined du由\g
assembly by circumferential but joint which have been
welded and non-destructively tested as p时纪levant
provisions of these regulations.
(d) Components other 出an tubular products shall not
require hydraulic tes位19 before. assembly into 也.e boiler
if the completed boiler is tested hydraulica11y to 1~ times
the maximum permissible working pressure at site.
(e) ln case of drums, headers which are to be fitted with
tubes, the test may be madεbefore drilling of tube holes
but after attachments of nozzles and sìmilar fittings.
(f) The test pressure sha11 be raised gradually under
proper control at a11 times so that it never exceeds by
more 出an 6% of the acquired pressure and maintained
for 30 minutes whereupon 泣le pressure shall bεreduced
to maximum allowable working pressure and
maintained for suffident timεto permit dose visual
inspection for leakages of the pressure parts.
(g) The temperature of water used as medium of
pressure testing shall not be less than 20 0 C and more
than 50oC,
96
lndian Boiler ReKfl切tions
(h) In case of drums of'compos挠'cons位uctionand partly
revetted and p世tly~welded 附ams or se部nl创 s forged
drum shell with ends a役ached by fusion welding，也e 怡然
严部sure shall be the same as 如r 仇1Sion welded dr四邸，
(i) Should the hydraulic test revèal any def，时ts in 出e
welded steam, it shall not be repaired unless the
Inspecting Authority permits to do.so.
。)α1 comple位。n of agr四d repairs to a drum wruch
has previously been stress relieved by he协trea始况时，
further heat-trea恼\ent， if required by the Inspecting
Au出ority， shall be done and the drums shall again be
subjected to hydr阳lic test.
INSPECTION AND τESTING
269. Inspection during Con尊truction- Inspection
during construction and fees therefore shall be go飞，emed
by the rules in Appendix T and regulation395 A.
REGULATION FOR DETERMININGτHE
WORKING PRESSURE OF WAT军R 丁UBE
~…………一~……--BOII二ERS 取眩莘莘击 -F..uSION.-W军LDEU.ANQ……
SEA如旺.ESS
FORGED
DI主U即IS S到 ELLS
270. Shell of Steam and Water Drums- (a) 百w
workingpre部ure shall bé determined by the 扣在owing
formula:
zfE仔- .03)
W;P. = ...,......
Eqn. (72)
rVI
D+T 忡 .03
where,
T = Thickness in inches,
D 拮 M拟imu阻 intemaI diameter in inches,
W.P.= Working pressure in lb. per sq. inches,
f 言.Permissible working stress in lbs. per 吨.inch
at working metal temperature (see Reg. 2η，
E 嚣贸飞e effic如lCy of lig缸nents between the h必e
holes or other uncompensated openin萨 inshell，
or the weld factor of the longitudinal joints.
For Class 1 boilers, the weld factor shall be
taken as 1.
In the particular case of an unpierced wrapper
plate of a fusion welded drum.
在= 1
(b) Irrespective of the 也ickness obtained by the use of
the foregoing formula 'T' shall not be less than :
(i) For tube plates (where 位l.e tubes are expanded
therein) the thickness shall be at least such as to
allow a minimum parallel belt width of tube
seat of 3/8 inch，佼lÌs seatin革 tobem朋sured as
explained below.
(让) All tubes sh a1l be care如lly expanded into the
holesin the 如.be plates. The tubes sha1l be belled
ofbeaded to resist withdrawal and ifbelled they
sha1l project through the parallel tube seat at
least 1,4 inch.
(c) 币\e belling shall be as shown in table below :
TABLE
Ot归ide
Amoωh扩 diametu 01
diamcter 0/ 幻lbe
belling ω'er d阳netu
qf the ttlbé li硝
Upto and incI uding l 1h in.
Over l 1h in. upto and incI uding 2 in.
Over 2 in. upto and incI uding 31,4 in.
Over 31,4 in. upto and induding 4 in.
m.
3/32
4/32
5/32
6/32
(d) Thetubëholes.in 出e tube plates of drums, pocke蚀
。f headers sha1l be formed in sucha way 往atthetub臼
can be .eff<配和ely tightened in them. Where the tube
臼ds are not normal to 也e 阳.be plate, there shall be a
neck or belt of parallel seating 就 rig挝 angles to the a总s
oftIie 沁be at least lh in. indepthmeasured in a plane
containing the axis of the 知.be at the hole.
(e) Where the tubes a陀 practically normal tothe tllbe
plate or the header this parallel seating sha11, wherever
practicable, be not 1部sthan3月 in. in depth.
→2η;-Perm始sible-WQrking-Str回盹Hor础tells-of-Boüer
and Integral Superheater Drums and Heade黯…The
maximum permissible stress for drum shells and
headers shall be the least of the values determined on
the following basis :
(i)For temperature at or below 454 0 C, the sma11er
。f 也.e following two values :
f=
Et
R
1.5
一
2.7
一一…
{均 For
t=
R=
E=
Et =
temperatures above 454 0 C, the least of the
following three v aIues :
在t .
SR
(a) 一一
(b)一
and (c) sc
1.5
. . 1.6
where,
Working metaI tempera灿re，
Minimum speciiied teI;\Sile s忧e_ngth of the steel
at r∞m temperature,
Minimum specified yield point at room
temperature,
Yield Point (0.2% proof stress) at the temperature
sc =
The average stress to produce an elongation of
1% (creep) in 1000,000 hours at temperature t,
SR=τhe a verage stress to produce rupture in 1∞，。∞
hours at the temperatureγand in no case more
than 1.33 times the lowest stress to produce
rupture at 出e temperatu肥，
Note: In case Sc values are not available in Material 5弘 ndard
and such materials are known to have b时n used in
boilers in lndia or abroad, then for such materials the
allowable stress may be t击ken as thè lower of
Et
Sr
or
1.5
1.5
咄咄晶
lndian Boiler Regulations
97
p 黯 Design Pressure in pounds per square ' inch,
D = Intemal diameter of the drum or head时 in
inches,
A = Net cross-sectional area of the drum of header
in square inches 栩如n 佼\rough the tube holes
in a plane at rigRt angles to its axis.
Such deduction need not be Ql ade provided the
min挝mm specified values of R and E at any part of the
s~ction of the steel plate used in thεmanufacture of the
Boiler drum are guaranteed by a "Wellknown Steel
Maker" or certified by an Inspecting Authority.
For fusion welded drums, when 出e wall thickne部
exceed 60 mm, (2.3/8") a deduction of 1 per cent in the
value of "f" so determined shall be made for each
increase of 5 mm. (3/16") in the thic灿.ess.
working metal temperature sha1l be taken as :一
(的 For saturated steam, water and mud drums, the
saturation temperature corresponding to the
pressureW.P. plus 50oF.
(b) For superheated drums the designed max坦1回到
steam temperahlre for 也at drum plus 50哩，
(b)τhe resultant bending moments M at any section
shall be the a1gebraic sum of the bending moments
due to the eccentridty of the end pressure and
that due to the extemally applied loads.
τhe
Where the drums are adequately protected from the
gases of combustion or swept by 问chgases 怕也e third
or subsequent pass of a boiler, the working metal
temperature 过\al1 be taken as 捡回 saturation or designed
maximum steam temperature as defined above,
cοve
臼ri趴
ngoh
陀
ef
仕ra
配
C生知
or
可
yo
倪ri如
ns
蚓tα
叫
u
，la
舔"位如
n咆
whichever applies. A ∞
g
ma
冶
at怡
创挝r圳 whichma
e
町
yb
悦
e liable to become dislodged 由
sha
叫
刽1甜1i
a
not be deemed 材
a d叫1础主础圳
挝t怡
a
ep
严ro
时te
配
cti。∞
n‘
Note- Where steels are for service at tempera饥1fe in excess
of700呼 ìt 5hall be 50 stated a5 the 5iliconcontent
shall be 0.10 per cent minimum or alternatìvely the
mat世rial must pass the "ProoI te5t for Creep Quality
of Carban Steel Plate of Boiler Plate Quality" a5 in
the Appendix D.
272. The Ligament Efficiency of Drum Shel1s shall
Comply with Reg. 215.
273. Longitudinal Stress- Notwithstanding the
working pressure as calculated by equation 72, the
出ic挝\ess of drum or cylindrical header shells sha1l be
such 由at in no case does the longitud如al stress resul出w
from the combination of stress arising from intemal
steam pressure，也e self-weight of the drum òr head时
and its contents and all extemally applied loads, exceed
由.e permissible working stress corresponding to the
working metal temperature as prescribed in Re思主lation
271.
(a) The maximum direct longitudinal stress due to
the internal steam pressure acting on the drum
ends shall be calculated as fo l1ows :
fd
=
PIY
一一一一
1.273A
Eqn. (72a)
where,
fd = Maximum direct longitudinal stress in poun也
per square inch,
M 嚣 Me+Mw
Eqn. (72b)
τhe
bending movement due to the eccentricity of end
pressure shall be calculated as follows:
M=
-
PIY
1.273
EQn. (72c)
where,
M = Resultant bending moment due to
eccentricity in pound inches,
P= 民sign pressure in pounds per square inch,
D = Intemal diameter of drùm or header in
inches,
E = Eccentricity of 出e nett cross-sectiol1 i.e. ,
the distance from the neutral axis of the
ne役， section to the drum or header axis in
inches.
τhe bend加g
moment (Mw) due to extemally applied
loads shall be calculated by trea出\g the drum or header
as a beam carrying the externally applied loads,
including the self捕weight of the drum or header and its
contents under working conditions.
(c)τhe
stress due to bending shal1 be calculated as
follows:
MrY
Eqn. (72d)
fd = 一一-­
Ia
where,
fd = Stress due to bending in po出ldsp时吨uare
inch,
M = Resultant bending moment at 出.e section
inpo出ld噜inches，
Y 缸 Distance
from the neutral axis of the nett
cross-section to the extreme fibre of the
drum of header shell in inches,
1 = Moment of inertia of the nett cross啕section
takenßbout its neutral axis in (inches'斗.
The resultant longitudinal stress is the algebraic sum of
the stresse骂 given under (时 and (c).
Ind衍n
98
(d) In calculatingthe longìtudinal stre黯 due to
bend恤.g in a drum supported at or near i始刨出
and connected 如 a lower drum by a bank of
tub创 (so arranged 制 to form subst栩如Is忧uts
between 由e drums) the value of 位lemomentof
ine甜a la used in the formula in sub-regulatìon
ωshall be:…
MOìn四t of ine鼠a ofupper drum (Ia) plus a
proportìon 柿。f 位\e moment of ine捕aoflower
dru黯{问.
§斗是
际网
where,
Boiler Regulations
by 出e internal steam pr部sure and
suppo民:ed load窑，由ema地mum resultant s往回s d，创!s
thosecaused
not exceed the pem白siblewor挝ng 柑瑞sat 位lewor.单ng
meta1 tempera饥l1'e.
E部DPLAT黯S
275. Shape of Dished 也dPl挝令…When the end plate
is dished to semìel1ip嚣。dial， partials萝herical or
hemìspherica1 fo~ it shall comply with 也.e following:
(see Fi萨res 23A, 23B and 23C);
(a) hemispherical heads without limìtatìon;
(b) e在ptica1 heads 嚣ufficiently dished so that
α 机\e angle in degre锦 between 街怠 vertìcal and
也e line jo拙ing 也.ecen校es of the upper and
(c) partial spherical heads satisfyíng all the
following r叫叫remen始:
nδ
274. Interm.ediate Boi1er Drum Suppor如-Whe黯 a
boiler drum is suppo:此ed at Int，就mediate points in. its
h供 at a distance greater 航an one internal dia黯栩
如黯役\e 船d of the parallel 步。必∞ of the drum she苔，
the shell shall be thic挝黯.edl创ally 始也e 嚣uppo悔。芷 50
desi伊始也at when 位e local stress set up by the
销"。由单位\e drum shell are added, algebraically to
D
In the forego ing, unless otherwìse agreed the t臼m 咆缸\k
of tubes" shall be defined asωnsis耐\g of four or more
rows of tubes extending over at least three quar始rsof
the drum length between supports, and pitched
longitudinally at not greater than an average pitch of
four tube diameters.
…
Jh 〉­
moment of inertìa of the upper drum (lb).
中唱且
URH
自…→』牛斗一一自d "be-taken- as.础。附一由an .t.33斗im倒也e
一
J
句
r 注 0.10
町 DO
lower drums. Where a is equal to or greater
也an 15thi S shall be ta加n 制 O. In no ca回
shall the actual value of Ia used in Equatìon
H ;æ: 0.20;
A value of R < 1.20 is pem也ed for ends in which 位将
捂住o H/O fa 11s between 0.1ι-0.2.
In accordance wÌ'也 Figur辑部A， 23B and 23C，一
D 嚣 outside diame位e of the head;
E 嚣 height of the head m销部red on i蚀。1.1tside
surfô必 from the junction of the d i.c;héd part with
也e cylindrical she11i
R = inside radius of 也e spl回到ca1 part of partial
spherical h怠ad章;
r
= inside 挝\uckle radius of p就tial spherica1 heads.
p
FIG. 23A - ELLl PTICAL HEAD
FIG.23B … TORl SPHERlCAL HEAD
FIG. 23B … HEAD WITH MANHOLE
{囚liptical
or Torispherical)
~
D
FIG.23E … OPENING IN HEADS
FIG. 23F -
RE!N室。 RC应DOP应NING
Indian Boiler Regulations
99
4.0
3.5
•
X
飞
|\
3.0
川、
为飞
!\DRU始IEAD WITHUNR黯础。阳。。因NINGS
|飞
~
户、
、
飞
2.5
飞
间
、
~
飞
、
"ohu〈比
\
i\
、.‘
X
i\
町、
W
F
ME〈击的
2.0
户、
民
问
l\
-、
飞
h
1二、
r--
飞
、
飞 p、
~
1.0
(e/D， 撼。.02 •
Ada
『、
自
!飞
F、
y
y
问民
1、
、 、
e/D， 篇 0.04 "
\
~、
胃、
产、
喃崎. .
蜻h
问 性同
1Jl青
tl j2l F
户
J丘ö.=l咂
崎峭. .
...... ~
明、
『啕蝴
、、
i"'o.
A=O.5曾
曹、
PLAIN DRUM HEAD
在2
同
问
民
|飞
0.1
忡
刑、
飞凰
G
r-
...... h、
~
他
在5
F
\
k
PLA别 DRUM.犯AD
A=4
F、
产、
|\
k
I
♂且ZL-I
R
|、
1.5
「、.、
p、
0.3
DEPTH RATIO
0.4
在5
在 /D
FIG. 23D - GRAPH OF SHAPE FACI'OR K FOR DISHED HEADS
同
F国
Indùm Boiler Regulations
1∞
276. General- The 也ickr耀ss i spec泛ied in equation
74 of Regu1a tion 278 is the.thickness of the endplate
In addition，也e fo l1owing conditions shal1 be 锦tisfied:
a负ermam且facture and is applicable over the whole of
由eendplateup如位飞.e point where, for ends 01 pa副ally
T :s 0.1
p
spherical shape，位\e dishing t'adius j。如s the comer
radius; from 也is joint a gradual 也inning is permissib1e
叩to maximum of 10per c!剧。f 阳也ickr础s1 at 趾
pointwhere 位\eωmer radius jo阳胁 straightportioI\
of flanged end plate. A simi1ar gradual 出inning is
permissible for 创d plates of semi-ellipsoidal shape.
T挝spem臼sible redu创on in thickness appli白 a1so to
d
D
The same
and the same curves apply for
cut in the plate of the head as wel1 as
to 曲。据 which are flanged inwards. In the latter case,
the radius r' of theflanging (see Figure 23C) should not
be smal1er than 25mm (1 inch). The thickness of 也e
flanged pOf锐，on may be' smal1er than the calculated
也ickness T.
也eflangefor 鼠emanhole01陆留\g.lnnoca饵，h()wever，
Unreinforced openings and flanged-in openings in
dished heads shal1 be arranged 刨出at 役\e distance
from 价\e edgeof theh制?坦白It les主白白雪FEhm 些
277. Dished ertd wi也 opening如)
~…一
十十叩一→一岱一、叩~←
一←叶←一叫
w
φ
俗…十卢一
甲…一-一→÷一一…‘←‘←←←一
川
ωndition
o阳也gss加ply
when the end plate is butt welded to the drum shel1,
shall the thicknessoftheedge ofthe flange for
conn侨总∞ to the shel1 be 1，硝S 也翻出e 也icknessof an
unpierced sean让础s shel1 of the same diameter and
material, detetnûned by equation 72.
卢{仙~十~俨←←~…⑤
ωe
:s 0.5
-
←Figure23E:- …一
Heads withoper由喝一
(斗 Holes
cutin the heads (manholes ortube holes)
should be round or elliptical
(就)
Smal1 size op创也gs cOII\plying with conditions
of sub-regulaHon (c) dOI飞ot require any
additional 刷.ckn棚。，f head or reinforcement of
op目出\g.
(c) Small openings which do not require any
re部forcem四t- Figure
(iii) Large size openingsrequire an increase in
thickness ofthe.head , according to subregu1甜。n(胁。，r a reinforcement of 胁。p部也\g
according to sub-regu1ation (d).
(b) Shape faetor K for heads
wi血 large unre胆forced
op创由\g萨-在怒放\é\þe factorK to be u腿dincalCula出咱
也e
D一部
thickness of heads varies depå1di吨。!ll the height
of the head Hand on 也.e dimensions of 位\e large悦
。p自由\g.η\e v,a lue of K is indicated in Figure 23口， by
me町lS of curves, each of which corresponds to a value
of the ratio-一
where,
ca槌s tbe width of the band separating two
adjacent oper也gs should, in pr咛ection， be at least equa1
to 伽edi础\eter of the sma11臼t opening 部位朋咽 in
Figure 23&
In a11
d 宿 diameter of the largest opening in the head
(in 也.e case of an elliptical 叩创世\g，也e
larger diameter of 也e ellipse);
D = outside diameter of 设\e head; and
T 据 min惊1山n 坟ùckræss. after dishing.
23D indicates 也础， for a given
factor K of a p!a拙 head
corr四pondsto a certain value of 也.e ratio,
ratio
of 吕/D; 出eshape
d-G
Piercingof h:oles~ith a. di~eter smaller 由anorequal
to 份\at which corresponds to 出is value can 位us be
made without any re总forcement in a head，也e 注ùckness
of which is equal to 由e minimum required for a plain
head.
,
Theposi钱。n
wi航出.e
of those op四ings sha11 however comply
conditions stated in sub-re伊lation (b).
(d) Reinforcement of large opening任…Lar军eholesmay
be cut without increasing 也e 位出kness of 也e head.
provided 也ey are suffiden句 r础úorced.
古\e re坦forcement may consist either of a welded nozzle
or ∞.e
or two reinforcing welded plates, ør of a
combinationof these 生wo procedures.
Indian Boiler Re宫ulations
101
To determine the strength of the construction, one shal1
proceed as follows (see Fi思主re 23F): Let the imaginary
diameter d' of 也e opening be given by the formula
278. End. plate subject to pressure on the concave
sid令叩 P捻hed ends subjec惚d 怡 pressureon 也econcave
side shall be determined by the following formu1a:
d害黯 d 甲 A
2f (T-C)
W.P.= -…-…-一
OK
T
where,
where,
d = actual diameter of 也e opening in the head
(outside diameter of the nozzle);
T=
m如挝飞回n 也ic挝less
of the head; and
A = effective cross精secti∞
of reinfo妃ement.
area A corresponds, within 也e
given below, with the actual cross-section
of the re坦forcing p 1ates andwith the cro幽­
section of 岳飞e nozzle' decreased by the crosssec创on neces翻ry to support the pressure, for
those parts of the nozzle situated outside the
internal surface of the head.
白白 effective
L抽ûts
The shape factor K'can 践相 be read from Figure
m ∞rresponding to the ratio 合
币le
maximum 1imits for the area of reinforce幽
ment that should be taken into account are
(a) L1嚣程赶 for位\ewid啦。.fa re坦forcing p 1ate;
如)口二...JdTt for the leng位飞 of a nozzle
τ= Minimum 出.ckn部Si
P = Maximum working pressure, Designprl部sure;
D 嚣Outside
f=
diameter;
Permissible 仰'ess;
K = Shape factor as defined in sub号'egul甜on (a) of
regulation 277 and Figure 230; and
C =an additive 也ickness 叫ual to 0.75
The minimum head
less than 5 mm.
位ûckness
m黯
should not, however be
'STANDPIPES AND NOZZLES'
279. 但) Standpipes and Nozzles Welded to ShellWhere standpipes or nozzles are secured by welding,
ad吨uate compensation for the hole cut shall be
provided. Comper糊tion shall be considered adequate
when 也e 5ectional area 'X' to be comp创lSatedm础sured
through the axis of the shell is less than the
compensating area 吁， given in Figure 25-B.
where,
R 嚣 intemal
radius of the spherical part
。f the head (or for elliptical heads 由e
intemal radius
ofαlI'Va机11"e of 出e
meridianat 部榈树 of 舱。附ûng).
Tt = actual thic挝1锦s of 白e nozzle,
L1 and L2 = dimensions given in Figure 23F
在\e posi位∞ of
the outer edges
of 血e re:恤forcem相t
shal1 comply with the provisions of sub-regulation (b)
and Figure 23E.
In cases where the allowable stre路。f a part of 出怠
reinforcement is lower than that of the head, the
correspond趴在 ar恼 A should be multiplied by the ratio;
allowable stre弱。f 出.e reinforcement m的erial
allowable stress of the head material
。!FDRmr-- C1
D白宫 R如UNEDBY
军，QUATION
(72)
COMPENSATION FOR WELD雀D STANDPIPES
FIG.25-8
lndian Boiler Regulations
102
Sectional area X 嚣
(dnx
f毒嚣 the
e.)
pennissible stress
for 也ernaterial
of. the
或飞磁 at 仕\e workin在 metal tempera始rei
Sectiortal area Y =
h
•
2(tnmeJ b x7+2tn x b xt+20
1S
1S
h 嚣 the p配rrussible
stress for the material of 也e
standpipe or nozzle at the working metal
es) C1 + C2
temper.始ue.
where
也\
= intemal diameter of 自e standpipe or nozzlei
ts= 剖阳al 出ickness
In case where 吁， is 1臼S 在邸 'X' a compensating plate
shall be fitted to the shell at 也.e standpipe and seαued
by 陋的 welds 邸 in figure 25-B.
01 shell;
tn = actual 也ickness of st忽略pipe or ñozzlei
础坦 equivalent 位ûì::kness
of shell i息，也ickne蹄。fa
of 如ûlar materia1 unpierced by
tube holes and is designed for the same
conditions of pressureand temperatUtê'-都自e
由ell in questi∞;
seaml臼sshell
m 嚣 e伊ivalent 也icknessof 出e standpipe calculated
sm训arly
as for e plus any 也ickness if required
十如割掉m归野到怜用all()~çl ∞曲~J~tADgpipe
of nozzle:
b 嚣 theleast of 也e
values of
2.5 位执硝句
2.5 议m部怯;
or
if 出e lengthof 也.e st~dpipe
or nozzle. outside
例
如sidethe 由ell i嚣 1部S 佳丽n 由is value: 'b' shall be 1imited
to 也.e
actuallength
in 做出
The area of cross帽钳ction of 位e compen踊ti∞ plate
shall be govemed by the ratio between the permissible
stre雷s at the working rr隐taltemperaturefor 役\e materia1s
of 由e shell and thecompensa出19 plate.
(b) Standpipe .and Nozzles Welded to Dîshed 览nd
Plate萨-Whe指出e standpipe or nozzles are welded to
,
…制led-enâp闹届J郁。面:pi刷刷on延\ã1lõ刷刷幅画
adeqt1ate if calculated ∞自e same basis as in 但)above.
But the cross-sectional area of the end. plate to be
C储机翻翻d shall be calculated on 也，e basis of equa钱。n
74and 也e height of standpipe. above the outer surface
on within 泣\e .inner surface of the end plate shall be
黯辅sured along 自e radial line passing 也rough 也e
centre of 由e openin革·
case.
c3路也，e ag尊重'egate cross-钝捕。!nal. area. of 白，e
fillet
weldsi
Cl = ts + 76 mm (3 in.) or dn /2, whichever isgreateri
The minimum
bodyof standpipes
shall be in accordance with tb马 table under Regulation
(c)
Minîmum 机ûckness
of
Flang臼-
也ickn槌s of 由e flang崎 and 出.e
I事6.
F1G.23
Ind Íll n Boiler Regulations
103
280. Attachment of Stand Blocks and Branch Pipes by
Welding- (a) Typical methods of attachm肌t are
shown in Figures :…
24A, 24B, 24C, 240, 26A, 26B, 26<二， 260， 26班， 27A， 27B，
27Cand27D.
A11 weld dimensions shown shall be regarded as
the groov部 refer
to the actual preparation for welding.
飞嚣 Spec出.ed 也ickness of standpipe or branch pipe.
飞= Sp豁出ed thickness of drum or header she11 时
standpipe or branch ∞阳时锐.on.
飞= Actual 在ickness of com树脂硝吨加莓，
m部挝\umd挝\ensions 约\0随 defining
在eapplica生ionofc怨言安放nof 钱机根怒饺uc位ons 盗.ustra始d
maybe 险ni始d
by
倔强idera钱。n
of
de嚣ign P摆脱re
andt础perature or size 加 combina忍耐部峰 al注10Ugh
certain dimensions are
considered 创\ its merit富.
given，制ch
case must be
Other methods may be adop惚d S11坷ect to a萨eemi辅t
Inspecting Authority and manufacturer事
between 出e
(b)
Electrod部 sha11
comply
l~r
wi白血ere伊irements
of
Regulations 94 to 98 (Covered Electrodes for Metal Arè
Welding).
(c) Not less 由an two runs of metal sha11 be deposited at
each weld. Each run of weld metal sha11 be thorough1y
deaned and freed from slag before the next run is
deposited.
In the case of water tube boiler or boilers fitted with
super heater, the feed water connection and stop valve
need not be sheet off and 证也.e total valve area is lif惚d
and found to be adequate by cakulations, the
re哇uirement of the accumulation test may be assumed '
to have been satisfied 迁出e valves area or have been
found 50 adjusted 也at at least one safety valve on each
boiler sha11 1迂t at or below the designed working
严部sure o f. the boiler and a11 valves 也必时tso 曲的 are
磁&思 which can be genera始d by the boiler can be
discharged with a pressure 对se not exceedin革 10 per
C但t of the designed wor挝n事 pressure.
(d) The 位瑞拉lish of the weld shall be such 钱怠tchange
of section &0黯 drum to standpipe, or &om flan伊始
standpipe is gradual and &部 from sharp no始tes.After
completion of welding (except in the 锦锦 ofsealweld约
the drum shall be 5饺岛事-relieved by heat trea挝\ent.
20。
如r暗
Bore
1~r
翩
翩
h=maxx t!人
翩
嗣.--酬帽-
ZEEl--EEEV
,~~ ~k~P::c':
副队
也e less
<
￥/
WELDED IN STAND PlPE OR BRANCH FOR
STANDPIP意S AND BRANCHI器 UPTOAND
INCLUDING 4 IN. BORE
FIG.24A
WELDED TO STANDP段意 ORB这ANαIOF
UPTO ANY AND INCLUDING 41N. BORE
BRANO坦S
芽IG. 主是B
lndian Boiler Regulations
104
以)1怪
•
iiLUrr
11/2 泣
OBSTRUCTION IN ORDER TO
GnffiCONVENæNT ACCE$
FORWELDING
butnot _ .
l牵串串队an
吨
7/16 肌
"‘AV酬酬
，酬--
--楠
ZZEtAEE-
翩
-F
翩
则 eir'γLt
-AW--
CLEAR 京LANGEOFB汉ANCH
PIPEORANYOη西R
踪一
Bore of branch not grea回航船
half inner radius of header. J
量。 1m撞ximum of 3 inchei…飞
20 DEG. APPROX
η-ns LINE SHOULD A如fPLY
-跚争斗协
勇XDaMedor 挺rew辑d
para1lelpipe thread w~th
vani然也ig threads of
"taper" pip程 thread
Aheaderbr矗ncheø. Welding accesøible 伽m outside only.
Maximum design pressure 4501b./sq. in. Maximum d毒草ign
怡Zψe置在ture 5SoP. Applicabl告 to 也ecircular 部ctionof加aders
with above limiting size 过 br~盟h到旦旦回到盟.9Lhe.ade段~
…百丽品市画面们国 ofbranch.
WELD革D IN STANDPlPE OR BRANCH WITH
COMPENSATING RING FOR STANDPlPES OR
BRANCH蓝S UPTO AND INCLUDING 4 IN. BORE
Note: 贺\ÌS type of weld is not re∞mmended where the insid嚣。fthe
header is acc邸幅ble for welding.
FlG.26A
FlG.2垂C
η1汩汩\e必ould amply cle矗rflan萨。fbranch
pipesor 矗nyo位.eiob量役时世侃fu. ord曹ir to
giveconven阳\t access for welding
以及归
h睡眼献 1-1/2
.翩翩嘈刷静
tnor
1-1 月 in (whi也­
everis the 1喇
min.= 飞
wf犯腿岱组成嚣1S I陆UFPIα草NTTHICI<N脂
但OPROVIDB 岱稳掘N阳UMLI的CTHOP 贸部EAD)
'"四英格雷UILTUPOPW军LDMETAL 如f.A'Y
BE ADDED
NO甜NALBO醋。'P PlP嚣很，) Iτ'OTAL LENGTH OPη然呈AD 阴lN)(T)
时
IN
1 1/2ar旨主 1 1/ 4
1-m-M-M
1
3/4
WELDED IN STANDPIPE OR BRANO王 WITH
COMPENSATING 'RING FOR STANDP娃'ESAND
BRANCH军S UFI'O AND INCLUDING 4 I1'也 BORE
PIG. 梢。
1/3 矗ndbelow
SCREW在D
AND OZAL WELDED CONNECTION
FlG.26B
105
lndian Boiler Regûlations
MWE如S
草』 OM由guum
wmghgcugB
SS
苦。
苦斟
50.邸
'噜
!itl
气!
CN
。
55 程军耐居caH$0KEto
同
kc
Fn
HM亏
m。
M母
W缸珩同ad ‘
MW
也也响
帽
暗Z
明』帽U
曲M呻
a肉
u同
g
hA
旧。耻
Amount of branch body removed
by machinings must be sufficìent to
removebo忱。m portion of weld
INrj蛐
WELDED IN STANDPIP监 OR BRANCH WITH
COMPANSATING RING
FIG.26C
τHIS UNE SHOULD
AMPLYCL在AR
FLANGEOF
1飞i 咖- 50.姐一忡!
BRANCHPIP部 OR
ANY Dn部R
。即TRU口10N 肘
。武DERτOGIVE
CONV寂N部NT
ACCESS 民JR
-一-一帽一嗣」
BRANCHWELD嚣。 ON 日军ADER
WITH
INN在RUSTMACI击剖应
盯G.27A
WELDING
AU
m明
嗨
白uw
HDO MM
:1
飞
4
。骂起时 hh嗣
M向民始出远〈
HVE?mSZM凶
U〉Sm 识
ga 哩。吕窍。后以叫"ku耶。
哩。豁出丹阳
强国 -ab〉注〈M
U
出υZ〈疆地。使肖建区连同
划法叫"功mp
hd弘翠〈OHDOgm
•
IN STANDPIPE OR BRANC辛苦
wll
FIG.2.番。… WELDED
i
Part longitudinal
section through
;he矗der &: branch
"一'一-一..-J
FIG.2毒草棚-
WELDED IN STANDPIPE OR BRANCH
FIG.278
Indian Boiler Regulations
106
A steam stop valvei
A feed check valve;
One feed apparatus: When 自ehea由\g surface exceeds
2∞ squarefeet…twoindep回dentf锦d apparatus, each
such apparatus shall have a capacity of not less 出an
也.e max凶lumωn由\UoUS rating of the boiler. (For
b。如指 in ba伪ery see Regulation 3在6剖， and
A blow-down cock or valve;
FIG.27C - UNREINFORCED BRANCHES
INACCESSIBLE FOR WELDl NG INSIDE SHEL队
民主sible
plugs as provided under Regulation 331;
An attachment for Inspector'stest gauge;
A manhole, where size and cons妇二ct::.on permit, and
such mudholes or sight holes as are necessary for
effectively cleaning the boi1er.
In the case of boilers fi忱ed with integral superheaters,
an
出e
additi破\81
safety valve shall be fitted at the end of
superheaters out1et header.
In thecase-of-Ðoilel1器 with-nofixeè.-steam-船d将椒褂ne，
FIG. 27D - UNREINFORCED BRANCHES
INACCESSIBLE FOR WELDl NG INSIDE SHELL
Notes-唰…The branch must be loose fit in the hole but the gap
at any.point, should not 础:ceed 3 m屈就钮n
whichever is less.
Weld sizes BI + FI 掘 1.5en
F. should not exceed 16 mm not be 1脚也跟础/2.
Weld size B 令 F 嚣 1.5en minimum or 1.5es
minimum, whichever is less.
F should not exceed 16 mm nor be less than en/2.
en =thickness of nozzle.
es =thickn倒s of shell.
VALVES, GAt1GES AND A t1X1 LIARIES
2脱.ltRequisite Moun加串串， Fittings and Auxiliar怡s-­
provi过ed
at least
with 佳丽
fol1owing:一
Two 侧向 valves，
one of which may be a high 搬m
and low water type safety valve. In no case should the
bore of 也e 钝at of the valve be less 也an 19 mm (3/4").
Two means of indica'位\g the w时er level:
A
Ste部n
pressure gauge;
Two independ础t feed apparatus mean feed apparatus
to which power is supplied fro.黯 two independent
sources or from a main or ma坦s to whichtwo sources
of 事eneration are connected or from a common st础m
main feed by two or more active boilers or, a
ωmbinati∞ of any of 出e above..
case of a single 'boi1er of the Shel1 type and not
connected in a batte可 with other boilers, the heating
surface 01 which does not exceed 102/ 2 (1 : 100 sq. f t.)
two independent source of power supply to the two
feed apparatus will not be necessary.
In出e
In the case of m如汩汩re boilers c侃lingunder α'lapter
C技APTE:斌 VI
Every boilershall be
也.e fi娼ng of such accessories 出at are manifestly not
needed or used, such as water gauges, water columns
and gauge cock手， may notbe 恼isted upon.
XIV the Steam pressure gauge may be connec惚d tOthe
steam space or to a steam connection to 出.e w程ter
∞lumn by a syphon tube or equivalent device 也atwill
keep the gauge tube 伍lled wi出 water. If brassorbronze
compositi.∞ is used the minimum size of 出.e syph∞
tube shal1 be 6 黯乱(;4怕.) standard pipe size; for other
materials the 泣如1讪1山n inside diameter of the pipe or
tube shall be 13 mm. (1h in.)
In the case of automatic or 锦mi-automatic oil.fired or
gas收回 boilers， low water alarms may be fitted in
preference to fusible plugs provided such boilers are
"Note: It is re∞mmendedthat in La ncashire and Comish Boiler宙 one of the safety valves should be of a high s始amandlow
water type. In water Tube and Horizontal M叫ti-tubular Boilers, a low wa棚， alartll directly 。如rated by steam should
be fi忧ed. Rarns-bo忱。m type safety valves consis出\g of two valv部 and w!th ,-spring and lever in common may be
considered as two safety valves for the p出po据 of this Regulation.
如 theca辅 of Marine Type boilers low wat窑r alarm may be fitt曹d in pIace of a fusible plug.
107
lndian Boiler Regulations
the boilers should there be a fa i1ure of electricity
supply to water level and/or firing con衍01
equipmen t. All electrical conductors and equipment in cOIU\ection with water level and fir怕在
controls shall be of adequate size and shall be
properly insulated and protected against danger
induding adequate protection againstthe ingress
of moisture and the effects of high temperature.
equipped with automatic tripping device to discoru飞配 t
fuel supply and to start the feed pump simultaneously
in the event of low water in the boilers.
281A. Additional Requirements for Automatic: Boilers
only一 (1) General- Every boiler which is provided
with the appropriate water level and/or firing control,
to allow for automatic working, shall comply with the
following requirements :
(a) In the event of failure of 川tomatic control, boiler
sha l1 be capable of being brought under
immediate manual control.
(b) In those cases where the control and alarm
devices are housed in chambers extemal to the
boiler, the following shall apply:
。在飞e boil时 sh瑞 have
provision m硝e for
steam and wat销售 COIU\ections
of the chambers from the boilers. Such
isola出\g valves 拉法延民 capable of being
locked in 位台 open pos撼。n and should
prefe主ablybeof 也.e parallel slide type but if
screw down stop valves are fit饭d，出.oseon
t!. le water cOIU\ection shall bemounted with
the spindle horizontal to avoid the pos玲
bi1i守 of an air lock. The steam and l \ ater
COIU\ections of 也e chan飞bers shall be not
less than25 放un bore. In those cases where
sequencing control water valves are fitted ,
the steam isolating valve may be omitted;
isola位Z唱 the
(ii) The boiler shall have means provided to
test the operation of the control or alarm
and to blow through separately the water
cOIU\ection and the chamber to prevent the
accumulation of deposits. The means
provided for flowing through shal1 be
sequencing valves or equivalent devices
so arranged that the water cOIU\ection to
the boiler CaIU\ot be shl.l t off unless the
drain cOIU\ections to 位e chamber is openi
boi1er shall have a drain system fro:血
the chambers which provides a visual
如dication of flow. Tundishes of adequate
size, placed 始 a prominent pos挝.on shall
be used wherever practicable.
(d) Where the evaporating capacity of the boiler is
greater than 37∞ Kg/h， it shall have automatic
water level alarms and firing controls and can
be tested regularly without altering the level of
water in the boi1er. The water level alarms may
be incorporated in the automatic ∞时rolsystem.
With a perceptable water level which are
arranged for automatic working and not
intended for continuous supervis: ::>0 shall be
provided with an entirely independent and
separately operated over-I划ing control in
addition to the water level and firi吨 control
speci在.ed in da\王军es 仰 and (3). The over-riding
control shall comply with the following
requirements :
(i) Cut off fuel supply to 也.e bumers Ot the
f缸
1毡lel and 位
a i让
r 辜销
uppl悖
y t<始
os
印
必狂旧
O
df缸飞
üe
捕硝
.els
仗to
怵
挝
k
磁rand
e
。per
阻
at，怡
ea
船
n 刽拙ldibl沁
e ala
栩
n宫泯1 ￥w
咐'lh飞部 生出
he water
in 泣也\ebo
必
过
ile
臼r falls ，
tο
始 apre
协附
e-det饺
栩
e
n
宫n
剧1吆
Ù泣
附
In
附飞惚
创
e
level 坠
d
low wat，沁:er lev咄el与;
(ii) Be of the lock，翩。ut type and so arranged
出at control or its electrical c让ωithas to be
manually reset before the boi1er can be
brought back into operationi
(iii) Be provided with its own entirely
independent electrical control circuit.
(e) Where mounted externally to the boiler, the overriding control shall(i) be provided with its ownchamber;
(ii) comply with the requirements of dause (b).
夺时 The
(c) Where the boiler is provided wi在 electrical
equipment for water level and firing control, it
shall have 出is 吨uipment so desi萨.ed 也atany
faultin 白ec让cuits caused bo也 in the fuel and air
supply the boiler to be automatically 由ut off.
Positive mearu吨 requi约ng manual resetting shall
be provided to cut off the fuel and air supplies to
(2) Automati c: Wat盯 Level Control-…. Automatic water
level controls shall be as follows :…
(a) float or displacer operatedi or
(b) operated by el挝trical probe or thermostat; or
(c) operated by 0也经r approved pr如ciple subject to
satisfaction of 泣\e Inspec位\gAu位.ority.
The control e哇哇pment shall regulate the f销合water
supply to 也.e boiler in order to maintain effectively the
level of water in 出e boi1er between predetermined
迦nits.
Indian Boiler Regulations
1锦
(3) AutomaticFiring
Controla-"， ψAutomatic
firing
(iv) Faüure of forced or induced draught fans
or any automatic flue d am.per.
con蚀。lsshallcom内rwith 也.ecombusti∞ equipmer嘘一
(v) Increase in fumace pressure to a predetermined valve.
(呻 At
all funes they sha11 control eff.创v均由e
supply of fuel and air to the following
requirement章，
Note- The above provisions do not apply to
through iorced cirα.t1ation boiler.
创刊ey sha11 shut off 也.e fuel supply to 也ebumer嚣
or 自.efuelanda坟 supply to the stoker under the
GENERAL REQUIREM军NTS
fo11owing conditions:…
(i) Flame faüureor püotflam.e failure in 也e
cases of gas, oij or pulverised 如el fired
bo远.ers. 古lÎS control sha11 be of 白elockout
可pe req'凶red to be manua11y re钝t;
{益.) Fa运ure
to
i萨ite 佳\e
fuel
at 也e
282.
Mat键ials，
Temperature and Pressure Limits…
(的 Materials一岱\emati缸ialsusedin 也.e manufactu黯
of. the
bodi辅 of
the
fi割ngs
sha11 comply
wi白白e
fo11owing 挺q国rements :一
。 Steel castings sha稳 comply
bumer
with 28 t∞S 萨adeI
锦e Re伊lations 73ω80.
wi血ina pre-de怡m由\ed time.ηlecontrol
sha廷 be
oncφ
(植.)
of the lock咱就守pe required to be
m础ua11y rese与
……二…一一…于民一~一…一一一~…~
……一…一……-"'"一一二
Steel forgings shaUcomply with Regulations 81
to 85.
(盼Iron cas自\g 应a11 complywith 也e Regula钱。m
{副)W缸怠n 位\e
water level in aboüer with a
perceptable water level falls below. a predet铠宫由\ed safe level. Theαmtrol shall a1so
cause an audible alarm to 10m世.
86 to 93.
(iv) BronZe cas位\gs sha11 comply with the fo11ow部g
requirements, namely :
Chemical conψωition
GTi似teA
Grade B
Tin
5.5 to 8.0%
4 to 6%
Lead
1.0 靠03.00/0
4 to 6%
Zinc
3.0 to 6.0%
4 to 6%
0.50%
读alance
0.50%
Balance
22 Kg/mm:主
(14 tons/sq. in.)
20.5 白烟时
(13-tons/吨.i叫
8%
Total oi all elements other 位W\ those set out above and
exduding Copper and incid栩栩1 Nickel
Copper plus incidenta1 Nickel
Ph严i姐1 Properti黯
U1tim矗te 棚\sile
S桐n供
Elongation per 锦ntminimum
SandC部t
(辄就 on)
S叙tdωs生
(sep毒rately 锦州
The 臼iats 挝、d
discI of va1v四
non-corrodible meta1气
on standard test pie饵 C.
u1总mate tensile
23 Kg/mm2
S忧'en阱1
(14.5 tons/sq. in.)
15%
20.5 Kg/mm2
(13 tons/略 in.)
Elongation percent m抽烟.um
∞ standard test piece C
12%
15%
sha11
be made of
(c) Valves exceeding 21 mm nominal bore which
∞
are connected dire呻如岱\ebo姐e也
(b) Limits of Cast lron- Cast Iron sha11 not be used
for:-
(d) Wedge or double disc gate valves which are
connected d坟前tly to 也.eboüer.
(v)
{苟 Temperatures
above 220oC.
{b) Pressure exceedi吨 13b黯 gauge.
• Bynon-corr时ible metallø meantψ创iaUyR揭抵制tωCorr树，ion
andl创 eroaion.
{的 Boüer
blow down fittings.
军咿lanatio徐-岱\e
也e
expression connec始d di恕ctly to
boüers covers and v a1ve which c创mot itself be
i嚣。lated from 出eboüer.
109
lndian Boiler Regulations
Not e- Spheroìdal ìron may be used for tempera部re not
exceeding 282 0 C 在nd pressure not exceeding 17.58
Kg/ cm2 provided it complìes with the following
requìrements ìn respect of the physìcal proper出s.
(a) 0.2% proof stre部
250
Kg/mm 2•
(b) minimum elongation percent-12.
(c) Limits of Copper Al1oy- Copper iilloy shall not be
used for tempera如res above 225 0 where the valves are
connected directly to the boiler. In the case of valves
not connected directly to the boUer 出is temperature
limitation may be increased to 2600 C.
connected to boilers shall be fitted with indicators to
show clearly whether the valve is c10sed or open and
all valves sha旦 open by anti-c1ockwise rotation.
287. Moving Parls-τhe valves and spindles shall be
efficient1y guided and means shall be provided in every
case to prevent 白em leaving their guides.τheworking
parts shall have sufficient c1 earance to ensure freedom
of movement under all conditions of service.
288. 凹anges一 (a)
Flanges shall be in ac∞rdance with
the tables for the appropriate pressure (Appendix E).
dr诅ing， thickness
and bolting of inlet flanges shall be in accordance with
tables for the appropriate pressure and material and
for thediameter of flange adopted. In the case of outlet
flanges the pressure taken shall be 也e pressure on 也e
outlet side of the valve.
(b) In the case of safety valves the
M主THOD
OF CONSTRUCTION
283. Castings…(的 Allcas出gs shall be smooth, sound
and free from flaws or other injurious defects. Variations
抬出ickness at any part shall be gradual and substantial
fillets shall be provided.
(b) The body of a boUer mounting shall be connected to
the boiler flange by <!: .strong and stiff neck. In no case
sha泣也e 也比如\ess
of the neck of bronze mour飞出1.gbe
less than 3/16 inch for sizes upto and inc1uding 3/4
inch bore or 1/4 inch for sizes over 3/4 inch bore.
284. Packing of Cock萨-τhe bodies of all cocks except
tho盹 for pressure gauges shall be packed with a命部tos
oro出er heat resisting material and shall be of substantial design, those over one inch bore shall have special
provision, other than the gland for securing 血e plug.
Water gauge colurnn cocks may be either asbestos
packed or solid plug type.
285.Cove路 and Spindles…，(的 Valves
of 1* inch bore
over directly connected to boilers, and other valves
of 2* inch bore and over where fitted with a cover shall
have such cover secured by bolts or s阳也 and the
screwed portion of the spindle shall be outside the
stuffing box. All valves for superheated steam shall be
fitted with an extemal screwed spindle.
扭d
(b) Where the covers of valves are secured by studs
由all
be screwed into the body with full 位1.read for a
stud holes sha挂 not
peI础rate into 由.e pressure space of any çasting.
leng出 of at least one diameter. 世1.e
(c) Valves wi注1. screwed covers shall be fitted with
suitable locking device to prevent rotation of 出.ecover看
286. Direction of Operation- Valves shall be clearly
marked to indicate 也e direction of flow. Valves directly
(c) Porthe pu呼。seofdetem由ìingpartiαùars of flanges
for blow down and scum pipe fittings , the design
pressure of the fittings shall be assumed to be working
pressure of the boiler.
(d) All flanges shall be machined on the face , spot.
faced, or machined at the back, and the bolt holes shall
be dri1led.
289. Valve Seatings- Where separate seats are fitted
they shall be efficiently secured. Means shall be
provided in every case to prevent the valves leaving
出.eir guides.
290. Chests etc. in General一{的 All chests and fit由1伊
拉all be smooth, sound and free from flaws , cracks or
to other injurious defects. After completion, the chests
shall be tested hydraulically at 也.e manufacturing works
to at least twice the working pressure of the boiler for
which 出.ey are intended.
Hydraulic test shall be made with water which may
contain acorrosion inhibiter, with kerosene or with
other suitable liquid provided its viscosity is not greater
than that of water at a test temperatu把 not above 520 C.
'白) Valves 凯ay
be fabricated from seamless steel pipes
of pressures not exceeding 250 pounds per square inch
and temperatures not exceeding 80Q P. 世1.e welding
should conform to Regulation 125 ar.d valve chest
shouldbes饷臼 relieved after fabrication. Valves meant
for use in pipe work 凯ay also be fabricated by welding
from seamless steel pipes but no restriction as above
o
lndian Boiler Regulations
110
ψ··
hw zi m
(的 f 嚣……
怠JM
!l Et
1.5
飞，，
regarding pressure and tempera如reshall 叩plytothem
provided the welding complies with 瑞拉e relevent
requ泣ements of fusion welding such 部$忧郁s relièving
and radio唰graphic inspection of the weld and 位e 坦ked
prescribed in Chapter V of these Regulations.
(c) f == 5c
wher怒，
Et
M拙加.um value of yield
point (0.2 p缸 centpr∞f
stress) at temperature t ,
The working pressure of the chests shall be determ.ined
byequ甜on 21 or 91A, whichever is app1icable, where
theterm'2 艇'shall be substituted by
the term '1. 8 x 5'.
(c) Thewor挝吨 pres部扭扭d 部应i巾将那时也.eBronze
and Cast Iron Valve chests sha泣如 determ.ined by 出e
follow站在 formulae， subject to 白em如加1础我也ickness
as specified in regulation 283 (b):
Rx(T- C)
4.5 x D
W.P.=
=
P
R
D
T
C
出
4.5x W1二 xD
R
+G
Eqn. (76)
Eqn. (77)
5c The average stress to produce an elongation
(creep) for the grade of steel conccrned of 1 per
centin 1∞.α)Q hours at temperatureγ. Formetal
C=5 您服1
(d) 世le
working pressure and the 啦ickness of the steel
valve chests of circular cross-section shall be determ.ined
by the following formulae , namely :…
Working Pressure ==
2f(T 叩C)
D 叩 τ+C
X 叩U ，
w 一切
M
τ
P&
p
+C
…+ …
mJJ--
alIowable stress for cast steel shall be 80 per cent
determíned 'on th程 above basis.
o == the external diameter of the chest,
T = the minimum positive tolerance as sp 时 ified
hereunder:
For cast steel chest C =5 mm
For forged or stainless chestC = 2.5. mm
ofth在t
Not e-Over and above the calculated thick.ness, additional
thickness needed for assembly stresses. Valve closing
stresses, shapes other than circular and stress
concentration shall be provided by the manufacturers
to the satisfaction of the In年ecting Authority.
(的 The number of valves and fittings which shall be
made available to the Inspecting Officer (exduding
mechanical tests) shall be as follows :一
引
i{
un
JA
-uwunuwun4
UGG
t2·12·It
wnn
OOPAmDauu
numun
mIUSur
mdd
K1pb1FEpww
10 per cen t.
15% of the number of
chests.
绕"
J
趴
WHH
才
HU门
d4n
缉M
ω
da
邓、
山
昌，
布
m
川
three values
Sr
1.5
orω-
N拙。…The
口
Fortempera切re above 454oC 出e lowest of the following
Et
1.5
dd
R
2.7
case sc values are not avaiI命le in Ma毛erial Standard and such materials are k.nown to have been
used in boiler in Jndi挠 or abroad, then for such
materials, the allowable stress may be taken as the
lower of
N时带… In
dmama
1.5
f=
$站
沁
h
硝延 b
a
怡
eu主s
窍
ed.
只 dm
urnufnHH
即
始
t
empe
臂ra
鼠
烛
a
鸥
u
￥'e
e
与半
~tt'王b
快
el挝
仰
6
w
atιd
where
f = allowable stress in Kg/mm2 for the material at
the working metal temperature 't' to be
determined on the basis gìven below :
The allowable stress 吁， at or below 454 oC is 仕m
low盯 of the following two values :
f= 主L
5r τhe average stress for the grade of steel
c∞cemed to produce rup饥ue in 100.000 hours.
If位\e wid注\of 泣\e scatter band of r部ults obtained
when dete搜出也可斟s value exceeds :.t 20 per
cent of the average value, then 5R shall be taken
as 1.25 位mesthèminimumstress at temperature
γto produce rupture in 100.0∞ hours.
where,
指出e minimum spec泛ìed tensile 惚船在自 ofthe
grade of the material,
is the 似temal diameter of 由e che况，
is the minimum 仕úckness of the chest, excluding
tolerance , and
is the minimum positive tolerance as specified
hereunder:
For Bron忽e Chests
C 嚣1.5mm
For Cast Iron Chest
R Minimum specified tensile streng注\ for the grade
of steel concemed at战room temperature,
20% of the number of
chests.
100 per cent.
111
Indian Boiler Regulations
叫.
"
If the Inspecting Au也ority is satisfied 也就吐le manu.
fac烛rerh捕时叫uate facilities for tes出gand In年ection
of valves intended for 龄rvice pressure exceeding 10.5
kg/cm2 or t叙nperature exceeding 2040 C and actua11y
tests 倒也 在投ing at his works，出足Inspec位19Au位\ority
may, at his discretion, undertake test on a sample ..,asis.
仰在稳 wor挝R革 plessure
and the minimum thickness
steel valve ch臼 t of spherical cross se位ion sha11
bede俊rmined by the fo11owing 如rmula， namely
of 也.e
Workin !Z Pressure =
V
T=
=
4f(T- C)
D 叩 0.8 (丁-C)
WPxD
.....- +C
4f +0.8 WP
where,
thickness of 出，e chest,
D= 出，e extemal diameter of the chest,
f = a110wable stress for 仕'le material to be determined
on 出，e basis given in c1ause 件) above,
C = the 扭扭地'lum positive tolerance as specified
hereunder:
ForCast S讼el chest C = 5 mm.
For forged or stainless steel chestζ 嚣 2.5 黯留\.
T=
the 践inimum
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS SAFETY V ALVES
291. General- Safety valves, ordinary, high 旧t， and
仙11 挝t， shall be soω部位uct付出at breakage of any
part will not obstruct the free and full discharge of
steam from the boi1er.
292. (苟 Ordinary Li ft Safety Valv...- A safety valve in
w挝ch the valve head lifts 部tomatica丑y a distance of
at1e附 .P/24 附在 anover唰pressure not exceeding 10%
of the set pressure. There shall not be any mechanica1
stop which would prevent the valve head from being
lifted a distance of at least D /8. D is the rr白白numbore
of 也e body seat.
(b) High Lift Safety Valve- A safe句， valve in which
the valve head 挝ts automatica11y a distance of at lest
D /1 2 wi出 an over pressure not exceeding 10% of the
能t pressure. There shall not be any mechanical stop
which would prevent the valve head from being lifted
a distance of at least D /8.
D is the minimum bore of the body Seat.
•-
(c) Ful1 Lift Safety Valv
Asafety valve in which the
valve head lifts autom甜cally a distance such 位刚出e
area of discharge which 1imits 也.e f10w throu拱出e
valve is between 100% and 80% of the minllnum area
at any section at or below 也.e body seat. This lift is
achieved by a rapid opening wi也in an over pressure
not exceeding 5% of the set pressure.
293. Minimum Aggregate AreaCapacity of Safety Valves酬阳
(的 Discharged
(的 Saturated Steam- The rated discharge capacity
of a safety valvewhich dischargessaturated steam
shallbecalωlated using the following equation:
E气n.
E=CAP
(78)
where,
E = is the rated discharged capacity of
saturated steam (kg/h.) ,
p 嚣始出.e highest pressure of any safe可 valve
mounted on 注le'boiler (bar absolut时，
A = is 役\e area (mm 2)
For the ordinary lift and high lift safety valve A is the
area of 也.eminimu黯 bore of 吐le body seat. For fulllift
safety valve A is the area of discharge described in
c1ause (c) of regulation 292 and its valve can on1y be
obtained from 出e safety valve manufacturers幡 C is a
constant taken from the followi吨 table， appropriate to
也e 可pe of the valve or as 础tablished by tests carried
out in accordance wi出 Appendix-L.
T'yp e 0/ valve
Value 0/ the constant 'C'
Ordinary lift
High lift
Fulllift
0.05
0幡 10
0.24
(b) Superheated Steam- The rated discharge
capaci句， of a safety v a1ve which discharges sup就
heated steam shaU be calculated using the
following equation :一.
Es=
..J
E
1 + 2.7 Ts
'10000
Eqn. (79)
where,
Es = is the rated discharge capacity of super heated
steam (kg/l 斗，
E= is 位'le rated discharge capacity of saturated
steam ca1culated using equation (78) (Kg. /h.),
Ts 口 is the degr回 of superheat oc.
Equation 79 m町 be used to determine the
rated discharge capacity of safety valves at
upper唰critical s始am pressure. In these cases
出.esa阳ration temperature of 也.e steam shall
be taken as 375 0 C.
112
Indian Boiler Regulations
of a boiler shal1
be calculated on the basis of evaporation not
less than 30 kg/hr 1m 2 of heating surface
(exc1usive of superheater and non-st创ming
economiser). In the case of Waste Heat Boi1ers ,
however, when 由e evaporation per square meter
of the heating surface is certified by the
manufacturers to be less than 30 kg. the
器如挝lUmn山nber ofsafety valves required may
be ca1culated on the basis of the ac饥lalmax挝\um
evaporaωn of the boi1er.
(c) 古leτotal peak load. ev哼oration
294. Over Pressure of Safety Valves-古\e safety valves
shall be so designed 位挝也eya忧ain rated discharge
capacity with the over pressure not greater 出.an 白at
given in regulation 292; provided that 出.e safety valves
which have a discharge area less than 80 per cent of the
flow area, the over pressure at which 位le design lift is
attained shall not exceed 10 per cent of 也e set pressure.
一.--For-safety-valveshaving- dischargearea-80percentof ._-妇
more of the flow area, the over pr岱sure at which the
design lift is attained shall not exceed 5 per cent of set
pressur!已
295. Pressure Drop- The safety valves shall reset at a
pressure at least 2.5% below , but not more than 50/0
below the safety valve set pressure. The 50/0 limit is
increased to 10% for valves having a body seat bore
less than 32 mm and having a set pressure of 2 bar
gau吝e or less.
296. Mountings of.Safety Valves一{的 Safety valves
shall be mounted, without any intervening valve, on
pads or branches used for no other pu甲ose. The axis of
the valve shall be vertical. The cross-sectional area of
也.e bore of each pad or branch shall be at least to the
areaof 注\e bore at theinlet oHhe safety valve, orwhere
two or more safety valves are mounted on the same
pad or brancl:飞， at least equal to the sum of the areas of
the inlet bores of a往往e safety valves.
(b) Branches shall be as short as possible so as not to
挝\pair the proper action of 注\e safety valves or 运甲ose
any undue stress on 也e branches at their point of
attachment to the boiler. Nothing shall obstruct free
flow to the safety valve. Branches , particularly when
fulllift safety valves are mounted on 由.em， should be
radiused at the inle t. The inlet and outlet flaI飞ges shall
be drilled in acωrdance with the approx加\ate table in
App.E for the diameters of flanges adopted.
297. Openings in Shell- No accessories other than
those integral with the Safety. Valve shall obstruct the
ope目ngs in the boiler shell. DischaI芭ing steam shall
have direct access to the safety valve without flowing
through internal pipes.
298. Disc: harge Passagφm 咀飞e 踊fety valve discharge
pipes shall comply with the requirements of clau随s (a)
and (b) of 也is regula位。孔 τhe discharge pipe shall be
as sho此 ands悄地ht as possible and be fitted with
open drain to prevent accumulation water in the pipe.
Suitable arrangement shall be provided in the discl:targe
pipe system so 出时也.e discharge can read丑ybeheard
by the Boller Attendant.
(a) Steam SafetyValves :
(i) Ordinary and High Li ft Valves: Where a
waste steam-pipe is fitted the pipe and the
passage leading to it shall have a cross幡
sectionalarea not less 出an the 宽tinimum
combined area of 出怠 safety valves req回red
…~一…15y1问ülabo豆2.93:…←一一一…川
{泣)
Full Lift Valves : For full lift valves the
area of waste steam pipe and pa部略略
leading to it shall have a cr，但s-sectional
area not 1必豁出an twice A, or such area
above .this m拉加\um as may be required
for valves. having a higher approved
constant, where A , E and P are as defined
in Regulatión 293.
(b) Ec:onomiser Saf!!ty Valve怨:如'\e area of. the
discharge pipe from an economiser safety valve
shall be at least twice the area of the valve sea位19.
Where the discharge from several economiser
safety valves is connected to the main discharge
pipe, the diameter of 注\e main dis cl:targè pipe
shal1 be designed to prevent accumulation -of
pressure due to the formation of steam und盯
住e particular conditions of temperature and
pressure which may be applicable.
299. Drainage- For each enc10sed 路fety valve cl:test a
means of draining shall be provided.τhe drain pipe
sha \l be laid with a continuous downward gradient
c1ear of the boiler to a place where the discharge is
visible and cannot do injury to any person.
300. Moving Parts一 τhe valves and spindles shall be
efficiently guided and means shall be provided in every
case to preve挝 theit lifting out of their guid部.τhe
working parts shall have suffici松t c1earance to ensure
freedom of movement underall condi生ions of service.
咄咄 spindle shall not be fitted with a stuffing box.
Indian Boiler Regulations
113
301. Bearings for Lever玲一百\e bearingsof the levers
of lENer valve sha11 be so desi伊ed as to a110w of free
working of the valve under a11 conditions of service.
Where the lever is mounted on pin bearings, the hole嚣
in the lever shall be bushed with n时卜corridible metal,
or the p坦s sha11 beof non-corrodible metal.
307.
Material←(的 Spri吨s-
orEl配制cProc部S 缸\d
Carbon Steel
Element
Per cent
Carbon
Silicon
Manganese
Sulphur
Phosphorus
(b) In the ca民 of spring loaded safety valves, washers
or ferrulus shall be fi忧ed under 出ea啕usting screws s。
在at 也e valves cannot be over loaded when under the
steam. Interference wi也 load on 位e spring, after the
safety valve has been adjusted, sha11 be prevented by
the fi瑞ng of a ferrule under the adjusting screw co11ar,
or by using a lock nut on 出e adjusting screw which
shallbe 如础\er safe-guarded by means of a padlock or
o出er suitable devi臼. Where springs are in tension,
险也S or other suitable stops sha11 be fitted to prevent
the spring being extended a greater amount 也m 始\at
ωrresponding to a valve lift of D 14.
Lift,… Safety valves sha11 be capable ofbeing 且fted
a distance such 出前也e 盯ea of the dischargeedge sha11
notbeless 出翻出.em趴imum aggregate area. A in Reg.
293.
305. 四拉 and Low Water Alarms- High and low
water alarms sha11 be a奇ustedso that 也.e a1arm始
sounded wi出 the water level visible in the gauges.
306. Final Setüngs- Each safety valve sha11, before
leaving the maker's works be adjusted to blow-off at
the sp配埠ed pressure.
Set Pressure- The
set pressure of a safety valve may be adjusted using air
or other gas as 出.e test medium provided 放回也e
safety valve has been subjected previously to hydraulic
test in accordancewi白白.ereq时Z础lent of c1ause (a) of
Regulation 290.
306A.Adjus姐lent of Safety Valve
0.90
1.20
0.30
0.45
O.部
0.050
0.050
Per αnt
Ca池。n
Min.
协X.
0.50
50
0.65
1.
Silicon
Manganese
Sulphur
Phosphorus
2.∞
1.∞
。梅70
O.部。
O.出。
Al10y Steel
Grade 1
GI'II必 Il
ca池on%
0.55 毫00.65
0攀4.6
Mar朝阳e%
0.70 to 1.00
0.10 to 0.35
。'.60 to 0.90
0.80 辈。1.10
S泣ioon
指4.
Møx.
si1icon Manganese Steel
where,
303. Easing Gear- Safety valves sha11 be so arranged
出at 白ey can be eased off 血础 seats when under
严部sure and the easing lever shall pos划vely 时2 白e
valve.
Min.
EI衍nent
,
= diameter of valve sea位ng.
the Chemical composi泣。，n sha11
:
bewi出in， the fo11owing 迦nits
302. Attachments of Weights and Spri吨萨叩(时In a
lever and weight safety valve the weight sha11 be in one
piece and attached 抽出e lever 坦 such a way 也at 也e
safety valve cannot be over loaded.
D
The springs sha11 be
manufactured 的ms恼1 made by the Acld Open Hearth
%
Chromium %
Mol'内denum
V程n且dium
Nickel %
GrødeW
to 0.54 0.55 串00.65 0.55 协&俗
0.70 to 0.90 0.70ω'1.00 0.70 to 1.∞
0.10 to 0.35 0.10 to 0.35 1.70 毫02.10
%
%
Grøde 1Il
0.40 怡。'.60
0.20 辈。 0.40
0.15 to 0.25
0.20 毫00.30
0.15 min.
0.40 缸)
0.70
Phosphoro出%
Sulphur %
The manufacturers sha11 supply an an吻惚 of each
cast when required by the Inspecting Au也ority to do
so. $hould independent analysis be re伊剖d，也由esha11
be made at the rate of one per cent.
A11 springs sha11 be formed hot and suitably h舷d四ed
andtemμred.
A且也e
springs above 16 m血 bar diameter sha11 be
formed hot and the spr去咿 below 16 mm bar. diam阳军
也a11 be formed hot or cold. 世\esprin草S 公1all besui恼Ible
hardened and tempered.
(b)τorsion Ba盼- Torsion bars 也a11 be manufac阳red
which sha11 have a yield point of not
141 Kg/mm2 (90 tons/sq. in.)
仕om st相1
出an
le豁
Not争叫 S严cialst回lsdevelop程d byindi:飞ridual manufactur哇邱
rnay be accepted by 趴.e Chief Ins归ctor of Boilers at
their di民主etion.
lndian Boiler Regulations
114
308. . Dimensions-- For ordinary lift valves , the
compression or extension of safety valve sprin.gs
req时red to load the valves to the set pressure shalÏ not
be less 也an one quarter of 也成 diameter of the valve
due consideration. being given in the case of sp自\g
loaded lever 锦fety valves 抬出.e ratio of leverage. 百\e
propo略部'\ of unloaded li部gth to extemal diameter of
位\e spring shall not exceed 4. 1.
百\ese
requirements do not apply
lift safety valves.
t。如直挝tandhigh
309..Delermination of Working Pressure- (1) The
maximum working pressure to be allowed for steel
s伊ings -of round , square or rectangular section shall be
determined from the following formulae for springs in
extension:
(a)
~ound-提d∞…
……中叮叮…
一
~
←一…… 1轧棋路 d 2
W卫嚣一……一
再飞 (80)
DACK
(b)
Squa跑跑ction-
33,333
DACK
W.P.= 一ι……
Rectangt血r
Eqn.
(81)
E嘻飞.
(82)
section.…
W 卫嚣
160，α)Q B2 W
，~~~ -DACK (3B + 1.8 日}
For Springs in Compre黯ion…在le working pr辑部黯
calculated by the above equ硝.on may be increased by
25 per cent.
where, (a11 dimensions in inches):一
=
4(D 如 1)/d
D
也+
.615
一一:.
D
Eqn. (83)
(In case of rectangular section substitute B for d)
pressure in lb. square inch (s剖
W旦= wor挝ng
pre黯旧的，
A= Loa出nga黯a of valve,
d = diameter of round or side of 吨uare steel,
B = Breadth of wire (radial to sp由\g axis),
H = De pth of wire (para11el 协 sp由\g axis),
L. + 1.
C=ωtMmT」
Ll =
C = 2 where compression or extension of spring
to give the required load讪g is 1A diameter
of valve.
C = 1.5 where compression or 幌tension of
spring to give 中e 叫.uired loading is 1h
diameter of valve.
C = 1.25 where compr部sion or extension of
spri哩 to give the re每回red loadi吨 is fu11
diameter of valve.
Note : (1) The above formulae are b器sed on the maximum
allowable safe stress of 5.624 kg/cm2 (80，。∞
lbs. per square 飞 inch) on the sections of the
springs under extension and 7,030 kg/cm2
0∞0，∞o lbs. per square inch), where they are
in comp阻挡ion.
在}τhe above v昌lues of 'C' apply only to the.ca衍
-一一ρ左忽坠出~Safety":Yllve~1~nere k 垣跑回lJg…
D/ 4. In case of "high-Uft" and "ordinary lift"
臼fety Valves"，将部费ctivevalue量。f "C" may be
workedoutb歹 using 革ppropri毒te valu醋。if~.
d3
(c)
EXAMPLES:一
Eqn 侧
Ini出lcompre创on orextensionof阳 sp自'\g
to give the r吨时red loaaing (W.P. x A),
or e戏剧ion of
也.e spring 始 give 设\e 世t as defined in
Re gs. 292 and 304.
~=黯缸成将军仰呻邸ion
(2) In the case of torsion bars the maxim田n shear stress
as calculated 仕om 由e fo11owing formula shall not
似ceed 55 kg/mm2 (80，∞o lbs.) per square inéh.
fs
=旦旦
2J
where
fs =鼓\ear stre路，
T = Torque at set pressure,
D = Outside diameter of the b缸，
J = . polar moment of inertia (jf 注\e secti∞
出e bar, and
C= Angle of twis t' át fù11lift valve
Angle of twist at set pressure
(As Eumished by 自e manufacturer)
of
The dimensions of sleeve tr缸\Smitting 也e torque sha11
be of subs梅\tial proportio即如r 也.e material used.
且O. T磁-(1) 白况如rmanent set in 也espring(d瑞ned
as the difference between free height and height
measured ten minutes after the springs has been
compressed solid three additional times, after pre随时ng at room temperature) shall not 回ceed 0.5% of
the free height.
{却也指ion bars
sha11 not show a permanent distortion
after being twisted to an angle 挺ty per cent in eX!创ssof
也e working angle.
lndían Boiler Regulatio!, s
115
311. Extension Springs-翩 Extension springs shall be
made from round section wire.
ste部n- stop
312. Numberof Effective Coils…The number of effective or free coils in a compression or extension spring
shall be determined fro1l\ the following formulae:一
(b) Steam stop valves shall be attached d国ct to the
boilersimaortosuitablepadsozstaM biocFgand he
时ckor 役\e valve chest shall be reasonably 由ortand of
strong construction. The steam stop valve may a1so be
attached to a stand pipe, a connecting pi严 or the
superheater header. 世\e attachment may be made by
bolted flanges or butt-welded joints. Such butt唰welded
join始 shall be suit油ly stress relieved , where necessary.
(i) For Round or Square Wire
N=
(位)
主旦4
S[)3
Eqn. (85)
For Rectangular Wire
N 由
由
66B3 圣王3K
(B2 十日可 SIY
Eqn. (86)
where,
N = Number of effective coils,
K = Compression or tension in inches at set
pressure,
C = 22 for round, 30 for square steel,
d 骂 diameter or side of squar哩 steel in 16th of
an inch,
D = mean diameter of coil in inches,
B = breadth of wire in 16th of an inch,
H = Depth of wire in 16th of an inch.
313. Spaci吨。f Coils- The space between the co丑s
when the valve is 1ifted to 1/4th of its diameter, shall
be not less than 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) for full 1ift valves
and 0.8 mm (1/32 inch) for ordinary and high lift valves.
314. Finishing of Ends- Compression springs shall
have their ends ground flat and smooth and at right
angles to the axis of the springs over the full
circumference so that when placed on end on a
horizontal plane the springs will stand perpendicu1ar.
STOPVALVES
315. Lever Valves- Where the valve is operated by
means of a lever, whether hand or mechanically
co时rolled， the lever shall be of ample strength and the
bearings shall be so designed as to allow of free working
of the valve under all conditions of service.
316. Steam Stop
Valve-… (a) 白le
stop valve com-
menc血g the boiler or super heater to the steam-delivery
pipe shall be located as near the out-Iet from the final
super-heater header asis convenient and practicableor
in case of boilers without super-heaters as close as
practicable to 伎le drum. Where two or more boilers are
connected with a steam receiver or any other vessel, a
valve shall be fitted between the boiler .and
such receiver or Vessel.
Provided 也at in the case of a larger boiler in which 让 is
proposed for the purpose of drainage or owingto
obstruction to connect the steam-pipes to the steam
s如p valve at a higher level than would be obtained
under this Regulation, a vertical stand pipe not
exceeding 5 diameters in height will be perr挝tted
between the stop valve and the boiler. Such stand pipe
shall be of strong construction and of wrou掉.t iron,
mild steel, or cast steel.白le flanges of wrought iron or
mild steel pipes shall be riveted or welded to the pipes,
and there shall be ∞ branch on the stand pipe for any
other connection.
Provided a1so 位.at in 也e case of 1arge boiler in which ìt
is desired to fit a tee piece for the pu甲ose of providing
a branch connection between the stop valve and the
boiler, such a tee piece may be so fitted. The tee pi'配e
shall be of strong construction, of wrought irOI飞I mild
steel, or cast steel and shall not exceed 21h diameters in
height. A stop valve shall be fitted direct to each tee
piece branch.
(d) When two or more boilers are connected to a
are noω坦bined stop
and iso1ating valves fitted to 位\em an automatic isola位19
valve shall be compulsory. In the case of boilers fitted
with welded pipes, fitting of an independent automatic
isolating valve shall be compulsory.
commonst，位叫nain and 中ere
BLOW-OOWN COCK OR VALVE ANO PIPES
317. General- The blow down cock or valve shall be
of substantìal construction. The waste pipe attached to
也.e cock or valve shall not be bound fast 坠 arch or
brick work dnd shall dischar军e at a point where there is
no danger of i时 ury to any person. These pipes shall not
be connected to a pipe common to another boi1er. The
continuous blow-downs may , however, be connected
to a common header discharging freely to an adequately
vented tankors山呻·如le headers shall be of su征icient守
lnd必n
116
large cross-section and 在e blow咱ff tank sha l1 be
pro功ded with a vent pipe fr，柑 fro黯 valves and of
sufficient size to prevent a仅umulation of pr部sure. 茧，
however, the tank is int但ded for col1ecting flash ste叙n，
a safety valve of adequa始 capacity shal1 be provided.
τhe tank shal1 be so located that a11 parts will be
accessible for 国sp时tion.
318. Blow Down Mountings… (a) Eaçh boiler shal1 be
fitted with a suitable blow-down valve or cock placed
at, or as near as practicable, to the lowest point of the
boiler.
Boiler Regulations
notbe less 位朋 50 双喝革metres一 above the highest part
of 也e firebox roof plate. 如恐n放nu黯 length of 由evisìble
porti∞ of 也.e gau在e glasses shal1 be 2∞ mm. The
leng由 may be increased depending upon 出.e capacity
of the boiler by the Chief Inspector /Director of Boiler
of the manufacturing State.
(c) Glass water gauges shal1 be so placed as to be easily
seen and reached by the boiler attendant. The fi划ngs
of glass water gauges and test cocks shall be of
subs蚀硝alm成ewì自 lar伊 pas锦geways 也z∞摔出的
to facilitate cleaning. The gauge cocks when op凯 shal1
in a vertical direction and each
handle at its 扣ncti∞树也也e plug shal1 be pla坦ly
marked with a d僻p 始\e to indicate the direction of the
passa萨 waythrou拉 theph唱. When detachable handle
are provided arran在ement shal1 be made to prevent
坦.corr舵t fit阳g of the handle弘
have 位e让 handles
(b) For locomotive, vertical and marine 守pe boilers,
the valve or cock shall be attached dir时t 抬出.e boiler
or to a suitable pad or stand pipe‘ For water 沁be
bòilers the valve or cock shall be outside the brick work
wi也 a substantial steel pipe between it and 也emud
box.
(c) ForComishand Lanc部hire boilers the cock or valve
may be, attached to a cast steel elbow pipe of substantial
section bolted to a suitable stand pipe or pad riveted to
the boiler. But cast iron elbow pipes shal1 not be
permi忧ed.
319. Blow-Down Valve or Cock…例 Each valve or
cock shal1 be fi忧:ed with a device which shal1 indicate
clearly its 0严n and cl附d positions, and any key or
similar device for ope拇指\g the valveor cock shal1 be
such 也at it car四ot be removed u擂台嚣嚣 the valve or cock
is fully cl岱碍，
(b)古le
locking feather shal1 be secured by welding.
(c) Cocks
fi忧ed
cover 守pe
with taper plugs shall be of the bolted
with separate packing glands.
WATER GAUGES
320. (a) Every boiler shal1 have two means of indica出\g
the water in it of which one shal1 be conventiona1 gauge
glass.
Provided that in the case of boiler drums below 3 feet
(91 叫 diarneter where 也ereisd延ficulty in fi掘ngtwo
water gauges, two test cocks and a g总部 water gauge
shall be fit险d.
(b) The lowest visible part of the glass of 注\e water
g相ge and lower t部t cock shal1 be fixed at 锦知 working
level. For 1民omotive 守pe and vert.ical boiler 由is shall
321. Drain如… A 在l.rain cock or valve with a suitable
discharge pipe shal1 be fitted to each water gauge.
322. Protector萨叫Where tubular glass water gauges
are fitted, substantial protectors sha l1 be provided.ηle
glass shall be suitably treated to prevent sp1int町ing.
323.Gla锦 Si猿e… Tubular water gauge glasses shal1 be
not less 也an 1/2 inch and not more 泣\an 3/4 inch
outside dìa黯eter.
324. Safety Devi优萨- Water gaugεglass mountin萨
shal1 be fitted wi由 self榈closing devices 单位\e bottom
anns and it is re∞Immended 注mtas恼úl缸 device should
be fitted in 出e top arm.
325. Gauge Columns…Where the gauges are mounted
on a column there shal1 be no connecting passage
between the top and bottom arms of the column unless
valves or cocks are fitted between 也e columnsar咱也e
boiler.
326. lsolating C，时k如…Where isolating cocks or valves
connec出g water ga\且在:e pipes to the boiler a控 n位:ed，
也εY shal1 be not less than 1 inch bore and of the bolted
cover 守pewì也 separat较 packing gl部位
PRESSURE GAUGES
327. Dials… (a) For pr栩栩re upto and including 35
kgl由\2， pressuregauge dials shal1 be graduated in
kgl cm2 from Zero to twìce the pressure as nearly as
may be practicable.
Indùm Boiler Regulations
(b) For pre豁出e exceeding 35 kg/cm2 the range ofthe
graduation sha11 be from Ze ro toone and a half 也nes
the maximum permissible working pressure, as ne就ly
as 狡扭1
2
.
graduation on the gauge be less 由a血
n，
70
劝]埠豆嗒
.g/μcm气
(c) The scale on the dial sha11 be clearly and permanently
marked in kg/ cm2•
(d) 在\e dial of each pressure gauge sha11 have to be
marked upon it in red. 在\e maximum permissible
workingpr锻sure.
117
(2) on boilers having wet back reversing chamher, a
minimum of two fusible plugs shall be fiUed; one on
the crown of the reversing chamber and the other on
one of the 汩汩 plates. on boilers not having Wet back
reversing chamber, at least one fusible plug shall be
provided on the front end tube plate. The plug sha11 be
fitted in such a way 轨at in the event of fusìon of the
plug, the pressure inside the boiler sha11 push 出epe11ets
out.
332. Type…. Fusible plugs shall
co部ist
of an outer
bodywi出 a central conical passage the sma11est part to
(e) Where the gauges is compensated for a head of
water between 由.egau军e and the boiler connection, the
amount of such compensa泣。n sha11 be marked on 由e
dial. Pressure gauge sha挂 be calibrated within an
aCiω racy of 吟 per cen t. Boiler pressure gauges 处1811
not be less than 150 mm in diameter叠
(。白\e
travel of the pointer of thE!"dial gauge sha11 not
exceed 3259.
3主8. Connection毒币- A11
pressure gauges sha11 be fitted
with a syphon pipe and a cock or valve integral with,
or adjacent to，也.e gauge in such manner 也at 出.egauge
may be shut off and removed whilst the boiler is under
steam.
329. Gauge Cocks- The handles of 出e gauge cocks
sha11 be para11el to the pipes in which 除ey are located
when the cocks are open and marks sha11 be cut on the
sh缸\k of the coεk indicating open position.
330. Test Connections-Inspector' s Pres8ure Gauge
Every boiler sha11 be fitted with a valve
or cock carrying in a vertical posítion a receiving screw
for attachment of the Inspector's pressure gauge. 在\e
receiving socket sha11 be tapped for M/20 x 1.5 metric
threads and sha11 be fitted with an easily removable
cap.
A忱achment-
FUSIBLE PLUGS
331. General一 (1) Fusible plugs sha11 be of sufficient
height and fitted in such a position as to give 制rly
protection to a11 parts of the boiler liable to damage by
the direct application of fumace heat in the event of
shortness of water.
Not牵… Forexample: In Lanchashire boilers
the fusible plugs
should be in the crowns of the furnaces from 12 inches
to 18 inches in front of the brick work fire brìdge.
be not greater than 1/2 inch for plugs suitable for pressures upto 1∞ lbs. per sq.in. and not greater than 3/8
inch for plu伊 for pressures exceeding 100 lbs. per s弓，
in. 在\e passage shall be c10sed by a plug seωred byan
a1U\ual 指由\g of fusible a110y $0 that the plug may drop
c1ear if the lining melts.
The portion of the bod y catηring .the fusible metal
shou1d preferably be detachable from the base to allow
of 锦sy replacement wi出out removing 出e whole fitting
from the boiler.
333. Material- The non-fusible portions of the plug
shal1 be of bronze except where the nature of the boiler
water precludes the use of non.偏ferrous material.白\e
fusible metal shall bean âlloy melting 始时ily at a
temperature not less than 1500 F in excess of the
汩 turated stea黯 temperature at the maximum
pen时部ible working pressure of the boiler.
334. Attachment to Boiler… Wherever practicable
fusible plug毒草hall be screwed into the boiler. pla怡s
from the water síde. The screwed portion shall have
注rreads of Whitworth form not more than 11 per inch.
FEEDVALVES
335. General一间
non-retum type.
Feed
check valves shall be of the
(b) Where the valve is not of screw-down non~retum
type a separate screw唰down valve shal1 be provided.
(c) The dischar伊 from 出e feed check valve or from the
intemal feed pipe (if provided) shall be above low
water level and in the case of Lancashire and Comish
boilers shall be at least 5 ft. beyond the fire bridge.
Provided that the restriction afore制id regarding the
position of feed discl飞盯ge level wou1d not apply in 出e
case of water tube boilers.
lndian Boiler RegultJ tions
118
ωin 伺se
of 1 Chro邵阳m ~ Molybdenum s栅1 if
does not exceed 13αlm and outside
diàmeter does not exceëd 127 mm andpreheated to 1250 C.
{副) Ín ca拥 of 21.4 ChrOIIÙum 1 Molybd叙\um steel,
post weld heat treatment is not necessary under
也e fo11owing conditions :
(1) a máx挝\Um speci到.ed chromium c∞t四t
of 3.0%.
(2) a maximum nominal outsi臼 dian以:er of
102mm.
(3) a maximum 自icknes嚣。，f 8 血乱
(4) a<maximum specified Carbon con榴\t of
0.15%. .
(5) a 栩如imum pre-heat tempera划reof150 C.
(d) The discharge end of feed pi严 sha11 快 solocated
也.at it isnot close to any riveted jointof 吐\e fumace
pla恼。r of the she11.
仕ùckness
336. Operating Position- Feed check valve辜。r
regulating va1ves sha11 be so arranged as to enable
也em tosa出factorily operated from 出.e boiler f1民)1'.
336A.Requirements as to Fee d. Apparatus in C祭约ain
C槌辑…In theca院。，f a battery of boilers c∞nected to
a common feed range，诠\e requ让您me时 of regulation
281 in respect of 仕\e number of feed apparatus sha11 be
cor回dered to have been 缸lfilled pro'飞r:ided a tota1 supply
of feed water, not less 仕\an也e COII喝bined II烛对mum
continuO\浏阳阳军。f a11 active boilers can be maintained
evenifany.∞eof 和.e sources of powersupply should
0
缸乱
For carbon steel…
CHAPTERVU
邸-am拙imumωrbonperc阻tageofO.30.
BOltER ANïfSUPE船队T鼠 TU丽ES，
{前 amaximum 血ickness
到EAD嚣RS&OTH嚣RPARTS
(e) When gas welding is 拙\p革.ed 也.e technique fo11owed
sha11 be. approvedby an Inspec也gO能.cer and a11
welds sha11 be suitably heat treated.
TUBES
337. Material and Cons如lction-la) A廷如b僻 which
ares由'ject to int磁malpress出e of water or steam shall
be cold dra阴\ or hot finished seam1ess or electric
r硝stance welded in accordance wi位Re肌.ùations 36 to
63. Except as provided for in clause 争) below 白.ey
就极且 be without jo:始t.
(b) Tubes having an 础temal d ian\eter not exceeding 5
may be jointed and such joints may be f1ashed
welded, machine forge welded arc or gas weld创.Tub锦
have 5 inches diameter may also be welded provided
出.ey are 10也ted outside 也.e furnace. Such welds must
conform to 位.e requ让ements Qf Chapter vm.
in也es
(c) F1ash welding sha11 be underta阳\ on a welding
macl也\e of a 可pe approved by the Insp挺tionαficer
and the extemal fincaused by welding shal1 be
C据\ple时yremoved. 白飞eintema1如 cau捕dbywe边ing
d回去 also be removed
20 per!儒烈
subject to a maximum height of
ofthe wa11出ic挝\ess of 仕\e tube.
(d) Arc welded bu忧 jo恼.ts sha11 be made by the metallic
shielded arc proce嚣s and post weld heat treated
e任配tively except in the fo11owing cases :
for a110y steel。 in ca饵 of
0.5 Molybdenum st，辑Is if thickness
does not exceed 13 mm and outside diameter
does not exceed 127 mm.
of 9 mm.
(f) For desi萨 me惚1 tempe栩如re over 4540 C (自0 的
material to be used sha11 be in accordance with
0
h萨lations 捕， 53 拙d56A.
η
(g) 如\e 致生巨~e..;emplQyed
tubes sha11 be 凯bject to 也.e
Ins严ctor
in a11 field welding of
approva1 of the Chief
ofBoilers.
Where, however, material used is in conformity with
theCodeof 位e country of manufacture and it isω，vered
by these Regulations，也e p臼missible s悦ss figures
specified in 制 Code at different temperatures may be
accepted in lieu of figuresω，mputed from 伽.e data
req'时red to the fumishedunder Re gulations 338 and
340 in any of the fo11owing cases:
(i) Where a certificate is furnished from the
Inspecting Au出ority to the effect that 出.e s阳1
complies wi也 req凶rements of 生he grade steel
(to be specified) and 出at the permissible s恨ss
for the working conditions as a110wed for in 出e
code of 也e ∞'untry of manufacture fa1ls wi底抬
出.e limits pem让ssible under the Regul创立∞S.
但) Where the basis up o:n which 也e钝 stresses have
been arrived at is made available and such ba幽
is not found to be such as to give rise 始 stresses
higher than those permissible under the
Re萨latio:n.
lndian Boiler Regulatíons
, ,
u
338. (a) 百四 W坦坦ngf应建贝立 of 出.e tubes shall be
determined by 出e following fo rm.ula :…
max油田m stea黯 temp~ra柏re
(90 F).
Permissible working stress for tubes
:一
0
For temperature at or below 454 C
Ts
Et
or 一…
whichever is lower
1.5
2.7
For temperature above 454 0 C
\"
.~
今岳飞叫咐叫山r
1.6 )
where,
Ts 嚣 Minimum tensile strength of the
material at room temper就u血，
point (0.2 proof stress) 供
working metal temperature γ，
Sr = the average s生ress to produce rupture
in 100,000 hours and in no case Ipo蛇
than 1.33tim部 the lowest stressto
produce rupture at the working metal
Et
墨守 inch)，
D = Extemal diameter of tube in mm (inch), .'
f = Permissible stress 扣r the material at the
working .metal temperature in kg/ cm2 (lb /
sq. inch.) to be determined on the basis
given below:
= Yield
tempera阳re，
The working metal temperature shall be taken
sc = the
average stre.s s, to produce an
elongation of 1 per cent (creep) in
1∞，∞o hours，就在.e working metal
as.…·…
{的 For
(b) For fumace and boiler tubes, the saturation,
temperature corresponding to the working
pressure plus 200 C (500 的.
(c) For conviction superheater tubes, the
exam泣\ation steam temperature for which
也.e part of the element .is designed plus
300 C (700 F).
(d) For radient superheater tubes the design
plus 500 C
0
W.P. 需. 2f(T- C)
Eqn. (8月
(D-T+ C)
where,
τ= minimum thickness of tubes, that is,
nominal thickness less the permissible
n锦州ve tolerance in mm (inch),
c = 0.75n四\ (0.04") for working pre部ureupto
and including 70 kg/cm2 (1仅阳 lbs/sq. 坦ch)
or C-O forworking pressure exceeding 70
kg/cm2 (1∞o lb/sq. Inch.),
W , P. = Working pressure of boiler in kg/cm2 (lb/
integral economiser tub部， the
maximum water temperature for which 出e
part of the element is designed plus 11 0 C
(200 F).
,
tempera饥.ll'e.
Note: In case sc values ar曹 not ava i1 able in Material 5tandard
and such rnat曹rials are known to hav曹 been used in
boil衍s in India or abroad, then for such n昭告rials the
allowable stress may b蛙始 ken as the lower of
Et
5r
τ5 or
1.5
(b) In no case, however, shall the thickness of tubes as
supplied be less 血.an those given in the table below
(subject to tolerances specified in Regulations 36钩，
43(d)， 48(啡， 53(c), 56A(IV) and 58(d).
TABLE
Outside diameter
Sea mless
Hot 卢刚shed
Seamle.革s Cold draωnor
r.刷刷附附lded
d ectric
Upto and including 32 mm. (11/4")
Upto and including 51 mm. (2")
Over 51 mm (2 in.) upto and including76 mm. 在 in.)
Over 76 mm. (3 in.) upto and including 89 mm. (31 /2 in.)
ov帘的 mm. (31/2 in.) upto and including 114 mm. (4 1 /2 in.)
2.9 mm. (0.116 in.)
3.25 mm. (0.128 in.)
3.35 mm. (0.128 in.)
3.25mm‘ (0.128 in.)
a创 mm. (0.114 in.)
2.03 mm. (0.08 in.)
2.34 mm. (0.092 in.)
2.64 mm. (0 .104 in.)
3.25 mm. (0.128 ìn.)
3.66m肌衍.144 ìn.)
In the case of coiled tubes for boilers of 役\e forced flow of forced circulation type, the minimum 由ickn船s of tubes
as supplied may, however, be as follows:
M inimum thickness
outside dia栩如 01 tubes 凯 inchω
Upt珍 and
induding 29 mm. (13")
29 mm. upto and including 35 mm. (1 3/8")
Over 35 mm. (13/8") upto and induding 42 mm. (15/8")
ov牵r
1.62 mm. (0.064")
1.83 mm. (0.072")
2.34 mm. (0.092")
飞
120
Indian Boiler Reg1.l1ations
(c) (i) General: Tubes 也at a部 hot or cold bent for
parts of boilers, inc1uding economizers, fumace
walls, superheaters and reheaters, shall comply
wi也出is c1ause and suitably heat treated.
Dma. =
D则英 is
the maximum ou tside diameter
measured in the tube bend apex (mm) ,
Dmin is 位稳戏由让mum outside diameter measured
at 位.e same cross section 部 Dma. (mm)
D is the ordered outside diameter of the túbe
(in mm).
and depar扭扭 from drcu1arity limits
shall be demonstrated byone of 也e following
methods:
τ'hin:ning
(a) relevant and satisfactoryservice ex抖出nce;
a procedure test;
HEADERS AND SIMILAR PRESSURE PARTS
(c) by measurement of 2% of the bends,
inc1udingthè 如茧t bend of each shift.
Themethod.叫ected
shall be at 由e option of the
manufac tu.re r.
但)
Thinning on tube
bendssha挂 comply
bends: 百1加ning on tube
with the following :
(a) At any location 盯o\Uld the bend extrado菇，
…一位\e …reductíon'.in-'thickness 飞in.peîCertt)
below the calcul时ed minimum permissible
desi伊 thickneSs óf 出.e straight tube, except
where. permitted by (b), shall not exceed :
100
4R+ 2
5
where
R' is the mean radius of the bend to the centre
line of the tube(in mm).
D is the ordered outside diameter of the 饥lbe
(in mm).
(b)
Bend 也ickness
below the minimum
v~点le
required under (a) 由allbepem州edinc豁出
where the manufacturer can demonstrate
by bursting tests caηied out on at least three
bends 也at 也e 甜'ength of the bend is not
less 吐\an由at of the straight tube.
(c) Where the amount of thinning 龄相y
location around the bend extrados on cold
formed bends exceeds 25% of the actual
thickness of the tube on the straight the
bends shall be suitably heat treated.τhe
actual thickness of the same plans as the
line of the extrados at each and of the bend.
(iü) Departure from cir∞larity in tube bends. The
340. Rectangular Headers Symmetrical in Form- (的
The working pressure. shall not exceed the sma l1er of
the value obtained from the following formula :一
cf
(i)
1
(t 叩 C )2
W.P. 嚣
{均 W.P.=
b2
6.25 t2. f E
w2
E龟l1~_(êêa)
Eqri. (88b)
where,
W.P. =Working Pressure,
t= 役ùckness，
b 口 intemal
breadth between the supporting
sidesof the header,
c = 3.413for wrought steel and 2.926 for steèl
cas饥ngs，
Where the sides are corrugated or otherwise
reinforced by substantial supports so 也at the
length of 也e portion between the corrugations
or supports does not exceed b, shall be taken as
5.82 for wrought steel and 5.12 for steel castings.
f = permissible stress at working metal temperature as given in the table under c1 ause 'C二
c1 = 0.08 cm. (0.03 in.) ,
w = internal width of the header between the
tube plate and the opposite side,
E = efficiency of ligaments between the holes.
(b) If the faces of the headers are machined locally at
the 始be holes or hand holes the 位ic挝1.ess at 白at part
maybe 础 much as 4.8 mm (3/6 in.) less than given by
the 我bove equation; but írrespective of the thickness
obtained by the use of the formulae, the thickness of
the headers at the tube holes shall be not less than :一
••
叫一
departure from circularity (in percent) shall
be calculated from :
339. Material and Construction- The materials and
constructionshall comply with 去egu1ations 154-245.
毡，
depar机ue from circul缸ity at the bend apex 呈hall
not exceed 10% for bends performed in a single
bending operation and 15% for bends which are
hot pressed after the primary, b部dingopera悦。iß.
在\e
-D
where,
Butt welds shall not be permitted within bends.
但)
D_ ,_ x 100
where,
t = thickness,
主qn.
(89)
lndian Boiler Regulations
121
d 坦 diameter，
C = 0.2235 mm. 0.088 in. ,
C 1 = 6.4 部队 (1/4 in.).
In no case shall 血.e thickness be less than 8
mm (5/16 in.) except that in smal1 patches not
T墨ble-
exceeding 322 mm2 (on争half sq. in.)' in ari缸，
也e 出ickness may be 50 per cent of the thickness used 抽出ee气uation 88(a) and 88 (b).
(c) The permissible stress at working metal temperature
shall be as given in the table below :一
Permissible Stress at workìng metal Temperature for Rectangular secti∞ Heaters
Worki将 Metal Temperatllre
i n degree.革
Cast steel 件45 吨. 111m2
(28 to 35 ton拚孕妇J
C
F
Kg/cm2
lbs./sq.i乱
288
550
703
10,000
316
600
635
9,000
343
岳50
562
窑，000
Carbon and Alloy
The lower value obtained 凶 each case at th告 spedfied
temperature calculated on the following basìs :
For temperatures at or below 454 0 C (850 0 F)
Ts
Et
or
2.7
1.5
For t♀mpera如res above 454 0 C (850年}
Sr
…一一 or
1.岳
371
3仰
427
454
482
700
750
800
850
900
532
505
475
443
茹苦
岳，3∞
4, 400
有嚣 minimum
Tensile strength of the material
at room temperature,
Et = yield point (0.2% proof stress) at the
working metal temperature γ，
Sr = the average stress 时出e temperatureγto
produce rupture in 100,000 hours and in no
case more 出部1 1.33 times the lowest stress
to produce 役\e rupture in 100,000 hours,
Sc = the average stress 抬出e temperatureγto
produce an elongation of 1% (creep) in
100,000 hours.
workin军 metal
temperature shall be taken as :
一For
saturated steam and water drums and headers the
saturation temperature corresponding to the working
pressure of the boiler plus 280 C (50 的.
0
For superheater headers the designed maximum steam
temperature for the header plus 28 0 C (50 0 F).
{的Where
sc
7,560
7,200
6,750
where,
(d) The
如她
headers are adequately protected from the
gases of combustion or swept by such gases in the third
or subsequent pass of a boil时， the working metal
temperature shall be taken as 趴e saturation or designed
maximum steam temperature as defined above,
whichever applies. A covering or refractory or
insulating material which may be liable to become
dislodged shall not be deemed ade气uate protection.
(f) End Attachments…The ends of rectangular headers
may be formed integral with the header or attached by
welding.
The working pressure for the flat ends shall be
calculated by the following formula :一
f
(t 呻C)2
W.P.= ……?一~
。2K
Eqn. (89A)
where,
W.P. = Working Pressure,
f = permissible stress for the material at the
working metal temperature,
t 嚣 thidcr飞ess of the plate at the weakest part,
d = the least width between the walls of the
rectangular header,
C = 1 mm (0.04") ,
K = 0.32 for ends integral with or flanged and
butt welded to the header,
嚣。.40 for ends directly strength welded to
the header 坦 an approved manner.
341. Headers Irregular in Form- In cases where 出e
headers are of such irregular form as to render
impracticable the .application of a formula for the
determination of thickness，也e manufacturer shall show
the suitability of the headers for the working conditions
by indicating practically the maximum internal
hydr梢lic pressure which a header, made to the same
design and of sìmi1 ar material, w i11 withstand without
122
Indian Boiler Regulations
permanent deformation. The maximum working
pressure for similar headers may 出en be determined
by the following formulae :一
Pem如sible stress at worlùng metal temperature
W.P.=
P. xC
FxD
-ι……
Eqn. (90)
where,
W.P. 坦在le
worlùng pr，部sure in lbs. per sq. 泣，
P1
intema1 hydraulic pressure
wi也stoodwi由out permanent deformati，∞，
F = 1.75 for wrought st例1 and 2 for cast steel,
C = 15500 for wrought 阳el of 24 协ns per sq.
in. II由让.mum ultimate tensile stress,
黯 165∞ for wrought steel of 26 tons per sq.
in. II由也lumul也将生e tensile 喜悦ss，
= 180∞ for wrought s梅1 of 28 t0115 per sq.
in. I1'由让.mum ul始.mate tensile stress,
'=21000Íor wroughtst撼。f 32 ←tonspers守
in. min迦lumul位matet创始ile s位ess，
=, 22000 for wrought s惚el of 34 tons per 吨，
in. II世nimum ultimate tensile stress,
= 15500 for cast steel of 28 t倒回 per sq. 如.
n出lÌmum ultimate tensile stress.
嚣在lemax抽\um
342.
位)
Cylindrical
1王瑞de黯…
Where cylindrical
header窑 areprovided their worlùng press也黯 shall be
determined by E哇uation 72.
(b) End Attachmen悔-在le attachment of ends and
出.e me曲。d of calα刷出鸣曲e wor挝ngp白ssure shall
be 讪 aαordance
with clause(i) of Regulation 3铅.
Subjèct to 由.e following modification :一
K = 0.19 for ends integral with or flanged and
butt welded to the header.
嚣 0.28 for 船ds d泣ec琵y stren.阱1 welded to
the header in an 呼proved .manner.
and d = intema1 diameter of the header.
CI王APTER
STEAM-PIP黯S
VIII
AND FrrrINGS
343. (1) Pipe s- Steam-pipes may be carbon st剧， cast
s阳1， alloy steel and in some cases of copper. Steel
pipes may be 臼lid drawn (cold or hot finished), butt
welded or elec挝c resistance welded. Copper pipes shall
be solid drawn and no pipe made from electrodeposition of copper on a 双\andrill shall be used for
创始.m delivery.
如ovided that su同ectto 锦tisfactory flatt四ingt臼t， pip础
to IS : 1239 of 13 mm to 51 mm nominal bore for
W恍如ng
pressure up to 10.5 kg/ cm2 at sa恒ration
temperature shall be allowed for use fot the pipes.
(2) Where, however, material used is in
confom让ty
wi'白白.e code of the country'of manufacture and it is
∞vered by these Regulations，由.e permissible'stress
a事过部 sp但出.ed in 出e ∞巾的 different te皿peratures
may be accepted in lieu of figures computed from 出e
datare守主ired to be fumished und挝险事.ùa链。n350in
anyof 设le follow垣gca槌s:…
(i) Where a certificate is furnished from the
Inspec自19Au出ority to the effect 自挝由eS剧
∞mplies with requirements of 也e grade steel
(to be spec证ied) and that the permissible stress
for the worlùng condition 制 allowed for in the
ωdeof 也ecoun位y of manufacture falls wi也坦
白e 挂mits permissible under the Regulations.
{泣.) Wheretheb部isup∞ which these stresses have
b钢rl 挝riveda生 is 黯ade available and such basis
始∞t
found to be such as to give 脱 tos饺es部S
higher than thos.e permissible under the
Re肝lati∞s.
Wherepipes have tobe fabricated by
longitudinal fusion butt electric arc welding of
plates rolled toshape, t11e limits prescribed for
butt welded pipes in Table 2' und缸 Regulati∞
. 349 shall not apply. 在lere哇uire血部tso也er 也an
those rela出.gtothem拙拙um 也i也ess ofshell
for fusi∞ butt ~eldingpresαibed in Chapter
xn shall be applicable to such pi归s.
(3)Notwi仕lStanding any灿.gcont也edin Chap始官邸，
the hydraulic test for pipes 趴 maker's premises may be
dispensed with by the Inspecting Authority;
Provided 由.at 阳随 pipωhave be四 fully t，创ted
by
approved radiographic or ultrasanic 恒d四ques:
Provided 缸址赔钱就怕也eαse of pipes hav~窑 intemal
diam的er 600 黯m and more，也.e p 1ates used for 出e
manufacture of pipes and 钱elongse部1 welds of pipes
are fully tested by 呼proved non-destructive te略 for
example, ul位部四白。r radiographic tes出19 and 自e
sou.ndness of pipes bo白抽出.e parent 皿.ateria1 and in
the weld is established in the maker's premiseSi and
the whole component of the pipes, after completion of
any further fabrication and erection at site , are
hydra叫icallyt部ted at a pressure not less 佳丽n1.5 悦肌创
出.e design pre部ure of piping system:
Provided also that in the event of detecti∞ of any
defect after conducting hydraulic test of these pipès at
site, it shall be 出e responsibility of 出e manufacturer to
lndian Boiler Regulations
repair or replace the defective pipes, as may be deemed
the Inspecting Authority.
123
Class
Tolerallce on
Outside diameter
Upto and
Over
including
51 mm.
(2
51 mm. (2
necessa叩 by
(4) Electric fusion welded pipes in which the buttwelds are fu l1y radiographed or ultrasonicallytested
need not be hydraulically tested in the shops
provided the pipe system as a whole is hydraulically
tested at site to the requisite test pressure in
accordance with Regulation374.
(5) In the case of fusion welded pipes test plates to
represent all welded seams shal1 be attached at each
end of longitudinal seam and tested in accordance
with the requirements of Chapter XII exceþt that
one test plate may represent a lot of pipes upto 60
metres in length and of the same grade of material
and same thickness of the pipe su问 ect to the same
heat treatment.
MATERIAL
W
W
)
Seamless
E. R. W.
Nominal
thickness
)
+ 0.4 mm (1/64")
- 0.8 mm (1/32")
土1%
+ no limitation
-12.5%
+1%
土 1%
+ no limitation
-12.5%
Butt welded
MECHANICAL TEST
346. Number of sets of Tests-η\e number of pipes
on which mechanical tests .shalI be perfomed shall be
臼 fol1ows:一
Upω and
in c1 llding
As per reqllirem e7l ts of Clzapter H
114 mm. (4 112 in.) o.d
Over 114 mm. o.d.
5 per cent of the lengths of pipe
as made, or 2 per cent of the pipes
from each cast where the cast (i.e.
melt) can be identjfied.
Welded pipes
2 per cent of the lengths of pipes
as made.
344. Steel Pipes- (a)η\e pipes shall be made from
steel made by an Open Hearth of Electric Process or by
any of the Oxygen Processes. Hot finished seam1ess
pipes may , however, be made of Bessemer Steel.
Bessemer Steel shal1 not be used for pressures exceeding
21 kg/cm 2 (300 lbs.in.2) or temperatures exceeding
260 0 C (500 0 F). If出e Bessemer, Process is used, the steel
shall be made by a manufacturer approved by the
Inspecting Au出ority.
In the case of pipes for designed temperatures over
454 0 C (850 0 F)/every pipe over 114 mm. (41，，2肌) outside
diameter shall be tested.
When used for tlõ! mperatures exceeding 399 0 C (750 0 F)
the steel shal1 be of non-segregated or fully skilled
type.
347. (a) Flattening Test [for Pipes upto and inc1uding
102 mm. (4 in.) Nominal bore}- As per requirements
of Chapter 11.
(b) Carbon and al10y steel pipes shall not be used for
design temperature exceeding those given in Table 2.
(c) For designed temperature over 4270 C (800 0 F)
special precaution shall be taken to ensure that the
surface condition of the pipe is suitable for these
requirements.
(d)η\e materials from which seamless and electric
resistance welded pipes are made shal1'Conform to the
appropriate spec证ication of tubes in Chapter 11. The
materials from which butt welded pipes are to be made
shall conform to 出e requ让ements of Table 1 under
Regulation 347.
345. Condition of Pipes- (a) All pipes shall be
comme民ially straight free from longitudinal seamin g,
grooving, blistering or other i时uries surface marks.
白\e ends of 出e pipes shall be cut square.
(b) The pipes shall be made within thelimits of
tolerances given below一
(i) For cold drawn seamless
Regulation 39.
construction 一
(ii) For hot finished seamless
Regulation 44 (b).
construction 一
(iii) For molybdenum seamless
Regulation 49 (b)
construction 一
(iv) For Chrome molybdenum seamless construction
- Regulation 54 (b)
(v) For electric-resistance welded tubes - Regulation 59 (a)
(vi) For copper steam pipes - Regulation 35.
飞
For pipes where the ratio between the wall
thickness and the diameter would not permit
the maintenance_.Qf the. distance between the
flatsurfaces specified in the above regulation,
this shall be lìmited to 2/3rd the bore ofthe
plpe.
124
lndian Boi/er Regtdations
(b) Cold Be双d Test [for Pipes over 102 mm. 他 in.)
Nominal borel-- A strip not less than 38 mm. (1 ~ in.)
wide cut circumferen板ally frorn one end of each selected
pipe shall when cold wi患stand， without showing ei也er
crack or flaw being doubled over in the (茹苦ection of
original curv挝ure round a bar, the diarneter of the bar
being:
For pipes upt。在nd induding
10 rnrn. (3/8 in.)thick
For pip吉s over 10 rnm. thick
In cases where the outside diarneter of the pipe is less
than 8 tirnes the wall thickness, the diarneter of 也e
forrner shall be equal to 4 or 2/3rd of the norninal bore
of the pipe, whlchever is less.
(d) Additional Test- Should a pipe selected for testing
fail in any one or more of the tests spec迁ied above, two
further testsof the sarne kind may be rnade frorn the
sarne or another pipes frorn the same batch. Should
either of these further tests fail, the pipes represented
rnay be reheat treated and then re-tested. If出.e repeat
tests are satisfactory, the pìpesshall be accepted
provided 也ey cornply with 0也er requirernents but if
failure again occurs，也.e pipes whlch the testpieces
represent shall be rejected.
3 Times the thickne部
4 Timesthe 出ic捡回ss
(c) Bend Teston the Weld-As位ipnotl部sthan38 思乱
(1 1/2 in.) wide cut circurnferentially frorn one end of
each se1ected pipe with the weld near the middle of the
s时p， shall when cold wi出stand， without showing either
crack or flaw, being doubled over in the direction of
original curvature round a bar, the diarneter of the bar
being equal to eight 延rnes the thickness of the test pi配已
the weld being placed at 出.epo.凶t of rnaxirnurn bending.
(e) Tensile Test- As per requirernents of Chapter II.
(f) Test for Valves and Fittings- As pertequirernents
of c1ause (e) of Regulation 290.
TABLEl… Carbon S燃i
Ul timate tensile
streng协 ill 均间 m1li
Kind of pipes
f tons per sq. in.)
35
(22)
44
(28)
。f
Test lengths 切 ken from fini唰
shed pipes (ends of pipes
tob苦 plugged for grips)
35
(22)
20
44
(28)
TABLE l-Carbon Steel (Contd.)
Ultimtlte tensile stress
Selected Samples
cut transversely
in 1<.￥点q.mm.
{Ton前号. inc1t)
Not fl!ss' Not more
t1tan
tll1t1l
348. Method of
Manufacture，程eat
30
Min. Elongatioll per cellt
011 203 mm. (8
H
)
13 mm
W tllick
44
(28)
Treatment and
cornpletion of any work which
involves heating, whether for hot bending of 也e pipe
or for any 0出er sirnilar purpose, the pipe shall be
carefullyannealed.
Marking.一{的 On
32
23
25
e 仰er
36
(23)
18
嘻Eti--ZZIl--4
Strlpscut 仕om
23
Less t1tan 13 111m.
t1tick and not less
t/1I主n 6 mm. (% t1tick)
H
20
0.06
Less
PIlospllo1可IS
"狂IX.
max.
per αmt匾
-ZIBEl--azi--za
属"u
Not more
than
Sulphur
per Ce1lt.
m
归
the pipes dear
the welds and tested 弘
their curved position
Not less
tlu!n
Butt wel必dp伊s
Mil/iii'lum ~lollgiÜîon p军r ce11l
On 203 mm.
bπ 51 mm.
{8 in.)
(2 ;11.)
6 .mm. lcss tlul1l 6 mm. Less t磊n
{毛是勺
6mm.
(~毒 N)
6 mm.
tltick
( 1,4")
tllÍck
(IA ")
& over
tllÌck
& over
thick
0.05
Slllphur
maxlmum
P1Iosp1!orus
maxlmum
%
%
18
0.06
0.06
0.06
tl拟就
6mm.
t1tick
20
0.06
0.06
(b) (i)τhe cold drawn seamless carbon steel pipes and
welded carbon steel pipes shall be supplied in
norrnalised condition.
(总) Hot finished seamless carbon steel pipes shall
be supplied in hot finished condition or in
lndian Boiler Regulations
125
normalised conditioll at the option of the
manufacturer.
(iii) The seamless alloy steel pipe either cold finished
or hot finished and welded pipes shall be
supplied in normalised and tempered condition.
(iv) By agreement between the users and the
manufacturer, the pipes may be delivered in a
condition other than normalised and tempered
condition in which case they sha11 加 suitable for
subsequent 扭扭ipulation and 出e user shall be
informed of the heat-treatment necessary to give
required properties.
(c) (i) Pipe bending and fermin在伊拉. reducing/
swaging) operation shaU be done by any hot or
cold method and to any radius which shall result
in a surface free from cracks, buckles or other
defects as determined by the method of
如spection spec证Ied in the desi伊1. A post bending
or post forming heat treatment for carbon steel
material is required with a nominal wall
出ickness 坠 excess of 19.0 mill加.et陀s unless the
bending or forming operation are performed and
completed at normalizing temperatures, where
no further heat treatmentis required. The heat
treatment where required sha11 be normalised
or stress relieved , as the case may be.
(ii) A post bending or post forming heat treatment
处1a11 be require for a11 ferritic alloy steel material
with nominal pipe size 100.00 mill坦letres and
larger or with a nominal thickness 13.0
扭过主metres or greater.
(iii) If hot bending or forming is performed 出e
material sha11 received normalize and temper or
tempering heat幡treatment as required by the
design. For cold operation, temperíng heat懈
treatment shall be applied.
(d) Marking.…翩 Marking sha11 be carried out in
accordance with regulation 395-f.
349. The pressure and temperature limits within which
pipes, tees, branches, etc 圃 I sha11 be us~d， sha11 be in
accordance with τable 2.
'rABLE 2- Maximum permissibl告 working pr程ssure and tempera烛陀
M础战
Metllod
of
Maximum pel'missible tωrkillg
pressllre
manllfac如 re
Carbon Steel
Cold drawn seamJess
Not restriction
Form
M与lXÎmum 严栩如 ible
temperatllre
。c
。F
454
850
Straight, bends
or fittings
454
850
…0。一
Hot finished seamless
Butt welded [Max. nominal bore
allowable 102 mm. (4 ìn.)]
Electric Resistance weJded
21 Kg‘ /cm
(300 Ib./sq .i n)
No I'estriction
260
454
500
850
-Oc子…
Cast SteeI
Castings
No restriction
454
850
Straights, bends
or fittings.
Molybdenum steel
Cold drawn seamless and castings
No restriction
624
975
…00一
Chromium
Molybdenum steel
Cold drawn searnl告ss and
hot finished seamless
No restriction
621
1150
…口。…
附戊
w
雹
nH
E 孟
aa ZAnc U d n FO
uahwd
AM
hu7-Km
0?"
a
p ←飞f
ιm
i
户、时咆
Copper
2
12.6 Kg./cm2
(180 lbs/sq. in.)
-00…
Not allowed for
superheated steam
Straights
and bends
nvvY
.
Hu
M
血
e、
V
.晶
S0H 。
」她
阳
叩
U町
出附
MM uu
m 白
.. U
叫
…:
γ
γ阳叫
".啕
巳
Q问…嚣町口
(b) Where the inside diameter is the basis for
calculation.
2fe (t - c)
W.P.= 一一一-.::..:.
Eqn. (91A)
0+ t-c
ω附tp职
p
卜.p
卜
呻
Eqn. (91)
0 0-…
喧叫则W
叩…+
。，丁、
W卫
户n
泊-
350. Steel Pipes- The maximum working pressure
a110wed on steel pipes shallþe determined by the
following formula:一
(a) Where the outside diameter is the basis for
calculation.
…
126
.l1tdian Boiler Reguiations
f = Allowablestress as provided under
re按llation 271;
g = Ou'tside diameter of pipe,
d = Inside diameter of pipe,
e= 军fficiency factor,
= 1.0 for se am1ess and for ele位ric resistance
welded steel pipes and for electric fusion
welded steel pipes comply with the r吨埠玲
ments of Chapter n in which the weld is
fully radiographed or ultrasonically tested,
= 0.95 for electric fusion welded steel pipes
complying with the req毛主irements of
W.P.
…
351. Cast Steel Pipe萨…〈苟古le material shall comply
withRegulations 73 to 80.
(b)币le
maximum working pressure allowed on cast
steel pipes shall be determined by the following
formula:一
Eqn. (92)
D
where,
t = mir由Iü.un 饺让cþess，
W.P. = Working Pressure,
D 出 Extemal diameter of pipe,
S = Allowable working stress as
table 4 or Regulation 343,
C = 0.64 cm (0.25 拙.)
spedfied 阳
TABLE 令叩 Maximum Permissible Working Stress for Carbon
and Al10y Cast Steel Pipes
(See Regulation 351)
Chapter 茧，
= 0.90 for welded steel pipes for vaIues of t
upto and including 22 ~，
= 0.85 for welded s沁el pipes for vaI ues of
t over 22 mm and upto and including
29mm,
= 0.80 for welded steel pipes for values of
over 29 mm,
C= 0.75mm.
2S ,.…
(t - 0.1.5 0 明 q
= --
Lower value obtained in each case at the spec证ied
temperature calcwated on the follow总第 basis:一
For service temperature atór below 454 0 C
(捕。。冉
一 Ts~ …也…El一一一~--Et-…一--Si …… f
or
2.7
叩时叩.
1.5
ana
甲可…
1.5
or - - or ::x:
1.5
For service tempera始re above 锅。C(8500的主 or Sc
1.6
352. Copper Pipes- (每)币1咬 'material shall comply
with regulation 35.
(b) Copper pipes may be used for maximum design
pressures and temperature as given in the Table
belcw:
TABLE- Minimum Design Pressure暗 and Temperatures for Copper Pipes
Material
Nomillal 仰
Solid drawn copper pipes'(Steam)
Solid drawn copper pipes (feed)
(c) Copper pipes shall not be
desigll
Upto and including 127 mm.
17.5 Kg/cm2
2070 C
Straight
Above 127 mm. and
203 mm (8 in.)
12.3 kg/cm2
207 C
orbend
21 Kg/cm2
1490 C
incl泣ding
Uptoand including 203 mm
us创 for s呼erheated
2∞ Sxl
一一一一
O-t
where,
Eqn. (93)
0
t = minimum thickness of tubes , that is
nominal thickness less the pemissible
z飞eg挝ive tolerance in mm. ,
o=
Outside diameter of pipe in n盟1.，
S = maximum permissible design stress at the
appropriate maximum design tempe:i:ature
脑海 Imm2 •
(See the table below)
Wor挝ng
Form
tempemtu 陀
(d) 币le maximum working pressure on such pipes
shall be determined by the following formula :一
W.P. =
始ximum
P们'(!ssure
stea双1.
W.P.=
Maximllm design
pressure is kg/ cm2,
11ldian Boiler Regulatiolls
127
Maximum Design Stress Value of S for Copper pipes
(In kg per sq. mm)
bore in the flange) so that the resistance to withdrawal
from the flange does not depend whol1y on the brazingf
Maχimum
354. Screwed 0 11. F1ange争叩Where flanges are secured
by screwing the screw thread on the pipes and 站在e
flanges shall be arranged to end at a point just inside
役le back of boss of 和.e flang巳 After 也e flange has been
screwed on, the pi伊 shall be expanded into the flange
by a roller expander. Such screwed and expanded
flanges may be used for ste拟民 for a maximum working
pres黯reof3 1.5 kg/cm2 (450 lbs./s龟. in.) and max协um
temperature of 399 0 C (750 0 F) and for feed for a
maximum pressure of 42 kg/cm2 (600 lbs.sq. in.).
60 0 C
4.9
design stress for temperature not exceeding
121 0 C
4.31
1490 C
3.5
1770 C
2.66
2070 C
1.75
Note: Where the conditions of service 量 re such that corrosion, erosion or mechanical damage to th窑 surface to
tubes may occur, an appropriate thickness allowance
shall 民 added to the minimum thickness of the 阳城.
FLANGES
353. 份到anges
of Ca rbon Steel Pipes一在\e material
for car忌。n steel flanges, where forged, cast or cut from
位e plates (exclu温ng branches forged integral wi也 the
pip创 shall be màde of stl臼lprodu四d by an Open Hearth
i es提s.
or Electric proc部s or any of the Oxygen pr∞
Carbon steel flanges shall not be used for temperatures
exceeding 4540 C (850。的. Flanges shall be made without
a weld and shall be free from lamination orother defects,
they may be secured by screwing, riveting or welding.
Blank flanges shall be of mild steel of cast steel and
shall be not less in thickness than the flanges to which
th~ are attached. The material shall comply with the
requirements specified in relevant regulations of
Chapter II or Ch apter V of these Regulations.
(b) Flanges of Alloy Steel Pipes-η\e material for
alloy steel flanges where forged , cast or cut from plates
(excluding branches forged integral with the pipes) ,
shall be made from the steel produced by an Op en
Hearth or Electric process. F1anges should be made
without a weld and shall. be free from lamination or
other defects. The material of alloy steel flanges shall
comply in a11 respects with the requirements of
Regulation 234. The material for flanges shall be similar
. to that of the pipes to which 也ey are to be attached.
The flanges are to be so designed that the total stress
induced in them does not exceed the maximum
permissible stress as may be determined by the criteria
laid down under Regulation 271.
Blank flanges of aIloy steel shall be not less in thickne豁
出挝 the flanges to whichthey are to be attached.τhe
material shall be similar to that of the flanges.
(c) Non-ferrous Flanges-- The material for non-ferrous
flanges shall be of bronze.τhe chemical composition
shall comply with .the requirements of sub-clause (iv)
of Re部llation 282 树. When flanges are attached to
copper pipes by brazing，出ey shall be secured in such
additional way (i.e. by riveting or forming a conical
355. Loose F1ange如- Loose flanges may be used where
位.e joints are made by metal faces integral with ends of
the pipes. Alternatively these joints may be welded or
seal welded. The loose flange shall conform to the table
given in Appendix E.
Where the joint is formed by 加tegral flanges , these
after machining shall be nòt less in thickness than
the designed thickness of the pipe as calculated by
equation (91).
356. Riveted on Flanges… (a) Ri veted on flanges shall
only be used for pipes of 7" bore and above and for a
maximum pressure of 350 lbs. per sq. in. and/or a
maximum temperature of 750o F.
(b) The shear stress in the rivets shal1 not exceed
6∞o lbs. per sq. 肌 when calcul\:\ted by the lollowing
formula:
Eqn. (94)
Sr
where,
Sr = the shear stress in the rivets in lbs.' per sq. in. ,
Ao = cross楠.sectional area, ca1culated òn outside
diamet缸. of pipe ip sq. inches,
P 坦 Working pressure in lbs、 per sq. in. ,
N = number of rivets,
A 芷 Area of one rivet hole in sq. in.
(c) 古le stress in the pìpe shall not exceed that spedfied
inτable 3 when calculated by 和e following formula:
Sp =
飞
wx P)
(Ao-.A) … (N x d x t)
E气孔 (95)
where,
Sp 口位e
Ao
Al
stress in the pipe in lbs. per sq.
= cross精 sectional area, calculated on inside
diameter of pipe in sq售
d
队，
= P and N have the valu部 given above, and
inches，
= diameter of rivet hole in inches,
t 口 minimum
thickness of pipe in inches.
128
Indian Boiler Rψ4latiOns
not exceeding 3990 C. (750oF) ex出pt 也就
B创ed flanges oftype 6 shall not be u然d on pipes
over 304 rnm. (12") in nominal bore, nor Bωsedflan伊s
of type 7 on pipes 152 rnm. 怡") in nomínal bore.
Type8flang程s for all design pressur母 andtempera蚀re
conditions. 百lis 守pe shall be used only' for pipes
upto and induding 驻 mms (2 inches) nominal bore.
These flanges shall not be used where severe erosion
or corrosion is exp时ted to， occ出，
(d) The flange hub thickness shall not be le豁出缸\ 0.2
队也icker 也应注le II白白num thickness ofthe pipe.
tempera恼re
(e) The distance from 也.e edge of the hub to the centre
line of the rivets shall be not less than one 翻dahalf
times the diameter of the rivet hole.
(f)百le pipes shall 去rst be properly expanded into 位e
flanges or altematively the flanges shr山水 on to 也e
pip臼，由.e 1如et holes shall then be dr山付出主ou拉伯e
pipe and hub, and 生he holes afterwards countersunk to
remove turrs.
(g) After riv!剖ing the flange hub shall be fullered at 出e
back.
357. Welded on flange公，;，.;. (a) Whereflangesare welded
on, the welding shall be done by 出.e oxy-acetylene or
meta1 arc process the latter with covered electrodes
which shall comply with regulations 94 to 98.
(b) The proportion of the weld shall be as indicated in
t034A, oftheJòllowing ，.守pes:叫
出e ，.Ei事n:eNos.28
τype
1. Welding Neck flange , Figure 28.
2. 'Face and Back' welded-on flange for metal
arc welding. Fi草.29.
3. 'Bore and Back' welded-on flan革es for
metal arc welding. Fig. 30 缸ld 30 A.
毡 'Face and Fillet' welded on.f1:;mge for meta1
arc welding. Fig. 31.
(c) Heat Treatment After Welding- Typ部 1 ， 2, 3, 4
and 5 Carbon Steel types flanges welded on by 也e
metal arc process shall have the welds stress relieved
where the design dep位 of the weld recess is greater
than 20 II隙，
All welds jo协\g flanges to alloy steel pipes shall be
stress r e l i e v e d . \
(d) Wh程e 号'pe 1 flanges are attached by oxy-acetylene
welding the weldsshall be normalised.
一{时在1怠procedureto，be..observed战役\e stressrelie~g
and normalising of welds shall be in accordance JVi自
由e
following requirements
(斗 Stress Re1ieving-… (a)ForcarbonsteeLa 由'ess
relieving heat 泣eatrnent shall 1:'e/p合rformed by
heat均加 part to 拭 le略册。b 立 20 0C.
When required by the characteristics of 注le
material, different temperatures may be
necessary to obtain appropriate stressreliev如g. 币\e part to be stress懈relieved shall
be brought slowly upto the specified
temperatures aild held at 也at temperatures
for a period proportionate on the basis of at
least two and a half minutes per mi11泣let创
of 也e maximum，出.ckness of the part
(approximately one hour per twen可-six
E划imeterof 泣le thickness) and shall be left
to cool in the 如mace 柏 a temperature
which, for parts with the thickness greater
也an20m浦江leter does not exceed 400 o C.
After wíthdrawal from 也.eh双饥ace，佳lepart
shall be moved in a still 础nosphere. A
tempera沁re time diagram 付出.e stressrelieving process sha11 be provided when
出e Inspecting Au血。技巧r requir部 it.
旦. 'B
5
阮
or阳
eandF
因
ill椒
创t'welde
e
甜
d.咱nf
叫
叶
d
f丑la
扭
ng!
伊
e f.伽
orm
me
宜
剖ta1l
arc welding. Fig. 32and 32A.
6. '能p on' welded-on flange for meta1 arc
welding. Fig. 33.
久 'Slip on' welded-on bossed flange for oxyacetylene welding. Fig. 34.
8. $ocket welded flange Figure 34A.
The flange shall not be a tig挝 ñt on 出e
plpe.
The maximum c1earance between the bo坦
of the fl部.ge and 出e outside diameter of
也e pipe shall be 3 mm. (1 月") at any point,
and the sum of dearance 副部netrically
opposite shall not exceed 5 mm翩。 /16 in.)
Note: AlI dimensions shown in 趴e figures of 守pes1to7
relate 始 finished sizes.
ηle design conditions for e在ch type are as follows:
Types 1, 2 and 3 flanges for aIl d黯ign pressure and
temp告rature conditions.
Types 是 and 5 flanges for aIl pressure conditions
upto and including 42 kg/cm2 (600 lbs./sq. in.) and
design temperature not exceedìng 399 0 C (750。的.
τypes6 and 7 flanges for alI pressure conditions upto
and including 17.6 kg./时 (250 lbs./吨. ìn.) and
:一/
Not苦
。)
heat treatments 然
a temperature as low as 5500 C may be
adopted, provided a伎en悦。n is given ω
the holding time in order to ensure a
sp告cific degree of str母'ss relieving.
Other stress-reli告ving
For alloy Steel, a stress-re1ieving heat
trea恼\ent shal1 be carried out on the basis
ofthe ∞mpositon of the alloy as shown in
the table below :
,
Indian Boiler Regulations
129
TABL军
shall be used for alloy stee1s
having a carbon c∞棚t upto and induding 0.12
per cent and the lower temperatures of betw副部
925 and 950"C (171α}-1740 日 sha延 be used for
alloy stee1s having a carbori ωntent of more than
0.12 per c部乞 After normalismg 血.e joint shall be
covered with a suitable muff or asbestos doth to
e邸ureslow 被ld even cooling. The normalising of
welds in pipes upto 102 mm. (4") bore may be
carried out with welding flames the temperature
being judged wi出 the aid of a colour card, or
measured by means of one or more thermocoup悔。r an optical pyrome阳. The normalising
of welds in pipes over 1:02 mm. (4") bore shall
preferably be carried out in a portable pipe
normalising fumace or muffle，由.e temperature
being measured by means of one or more 也ermo­
couples or an optical pyrometer. 叽le width of the
zone to beh~at 恼ated to 役leSp阳面edtempera如m
shall extend at least 13 mm. .(1/ 2") on either side
of the weld reinforcement.
(1740-1790 的 ，
0
Type 01 Steel RU lIge 01 Temperatllre Time at temperatllre per
ÎII degree cent拉rade
mm 01 thickness 01 plute
0
Ih Mo
620叩翩660
给 Cd生 Mo
1 Cr ~全 Mo
llh Cr 始 Mo
630一心70
2 lA Cr 1 Mo
650-750
2.5 minutes
。 o minutes min.)
。o
2.5 minutes
minutes min.)
2.5 minutes (1 hour min.)
Note: Forpipes of2~ Cr 1 MO specification upto and inc\ u小
ing 127 mm outside diameter and upto 13 mm wall thickness,
the time may be 30 minut部 minimum.
The heat treatment of steels havìng Cr Mo V shall be carried
out as per the requirements of the code of manufacture of
plates, pipes.
(c) Stress relleving shall be carried out by any
of the following methods :
(1) Local hea加g using a portable muffle
furnace , induction coils or other
suitable appliancεs. Particular care
shall be taken to apply heat uniformally over the area to be treated. The
use of procedures that do not provide
ad叫uate control for this purpose,
such as manual operation gas torches
is not permissible. The tempera饥ue
shall be measured by the thermo幡
couples p担负ed， welded or otherwise
suitablyattached 协 the surface of the
pipe and where necessary, protected
from flame impingeme址，
358. Flanges of Copper Pipe如叩Flanges of copper pi归s
may be made of bronze. Wl飞船 flanges are at恒ched to
copper pipes by bra忽ing they shall be s配ured in such
additionalway (e.g. by riveting the ends or forming a
conical end so as to fit 部怕也.e conical bore in. the
flange) that the resis惚ce withdrawal from 白e flange
does not depend wholly 创1 the brazing.
(2) Heating in a stationary industrial
fumace. The temperature of the j。如t
shallbe measured by thermo-couples
so disposed within the furnace as to
give a true measure of the joint
temperature.
360. Joints- (的在leseRe伊始放ons provide for ordinary
bolted flange joints. Special types of joints may be used,
subject to 出e approval.of the Chief Inspector.
(仰总均) Nor
衍r古na
no
时rr凯
n飞a
挝
ali
且is悦
eωdbyh
挝
eati
怡z飞gt驰
heme
创ta
挝lt如
o a temperature
between 900 and 950
铲oc. (1650-1740"窍 the
temperatu肥 then being maintained for not less
也.an two 红白mtes 'for pipes upto and induding
102 mm. (4") bore, and for not less than five
minutes for pipes over 102 mm. (4" bore). Welds
in pip创 made from the alloy steel shall be
normalised by hea位19 the me ta1 to a tempera始re
between 925 and 975 0 C. (1 70。一1790。罚， the
temperature then being maintained for not less
than two minutes for pipes upto and induding
102 mm. (4") bore, and for not less than five
minutes for pipes over 102 mm. 件") bore.ηle
higher temperatur岱 of between 950 and 97.罢。c
359. Standard Flanges- The size and 也ickness of
flanges and the number and size of their bolts should
be as shown in Appendix-E.
(b) Are welded butt joints of pipes or socket welded
joints for pipes, valves and fitt部gs shall be made by
ln公tallic shielded are process and post weld heat treated
effectively except in the following cas恼:
For Carbon steel(i) The nominal wall thickness in case ofbutt joints
does not exceed 20 mm or carbon content does
not exceed 0.25%;
(ü) The throat thickness of fi1let weld for socket
welded joints or othèr types of jo讪ts doesnot
exceed 20 mm or carbon content does not exceed
0.25%.
Not苦 ln case of carbon content for above cases Ji，凶
between 0.25% < C !ó 0.30%, the PWHT is not
required for maximum thickness of 9 mm:
111diall Boiler R喀1I1ati011s
130
For Alloy steel{斗In case of .0.5 Molybdenum steel, if the 出ickness，
does not exceed 13 mm and ou始ide diameter
. does not exceed 127 mm and for any fillet welds,
the 吐lIoat thickness does not exceed 13 红四1.
{益)
你i)
Incase of 1 Chromium and 1 /2 Molybdenum
steel, if the 出ickness does not exceed 13αm
and outside diameter does not exceed 127 mm
and pre-heated to 1250 C and for any fil1et welds
if thethroat 位ùckness does not exceed 13 mm.
In èase of 2-1/4 Chromium 1 Molybdenum steel,
post weld heat treatment is not mandatory under
the following conditions :
TABLE
Type 01 steel
Range 01
temperatllre
Time at the tem严ratllre
per 25 mm 01
tllÌckness 电f the plllte
1Cr1/2Mo
6200 C • 6S0oC
1 hour (1 hr. min.)
1Cr1/2Mo
1.l /4Cr1 /2Mo
6200 C • 660 0 C
1 hour (1 hr. min.)
2.1/4Cr1Mo
625 0 C - 7500 C
1 hour (1 hr. min.)
1/2Cr1/2挝。
wide ra n.ge for the post weld he盘 t treatment
temperature is necessary because of the marked
depende.l\ce of the mechanical properties of this steel
on the tempering temperature. In production a
definite temperature with a tolerance of :!: 200 C wlluld
be selected to ensure that the r口号chanical properti倒
upon whkh the design was based are in fact achìeved.
Note:τhis
(1) a maximum specified Chromium content
of 3.0%.
(2) a maximum nominal outside diameter of
Heat treatment shall be carried out by one of the
Jollowing..methods..:=(i) Local heating using portable muffle
inductionωil or other suitable heating
app革ance. Pa民icu1arcare shall be taken to
apply heat unifornùy over the area to be
treated. 在le use of procedure that does not
provide ad吨uate control for 出is Pωpose，
such as manual operation of gas torche齿， is
not permissible. 百le temperature shall be
maint忍ned symmetrically over peripheràl
band of metal of a minimum width of 出ree
times th e- width of the butt-welded
pr叩M时ion. The temper我ture shall be
measuredby 也配mocouples pinned, welded
or otherwise suitably atlached to the surface
of the pipe and, where necessary, protected
from flame impinge黯εnt.
(ii) Heating in stationary furnace- The
temperature of 也e joint shall be measured
by the thermocouples 50 disposed within
the fumace as to give a true measure of the
joint temperature.
In case 也e materials made to the foreign
codes or standards are accepted under
regulation 3(2)(i) , the method of heat
treatment shall conform 抬出at specified
in thecodes or standards.
102mm鑫
(3) a maximum 也ickness of 13 mm.
(4)\a maximum specified carbon content of
0.15%.
(5)
am如imumpre七eat
temperature of 150
，巳
0
(6) a m剧协lum 也roat thickness of 13 mm in
case fillet weld.
Method of Heat Trea恼ent:
(1) Forcarbon s怡el， 我 stress relieving he就 treatment
shall be performed by heating the part 知 at least
600 主 20 C.
0
When required by the characteristics of 鼎e
i mayben时部sary
material, different temperatur部
to obtain proper stress relieving. The pårl to be
stress relieved shall be brought slowly up to 也e
sp民ified temperature and held at 也就 t韶lperature
for a period prop。而onate on the basis of at least
2-1 /2 minutes per millimetre on the max放lum
thickr隐览。f the part (approximately) one hour
per twenty five 1T让llimetres of thickness) 础ldshall
be left to cool in. the furnace to a tempera饥rre
which, for parts with thickne础萨辅ter 仕1m 2C
m U1imetres, does not exceed 400 0 C. After
withdrawal from the 如mace，由e part shall be
allowed toc∞，linas剧础nosphere.
A temperature-time diagram of the stress
relieving process shall be provided when the
Inspec出19 Authorityrequires it.
(2) For alloy. steel a stress relieving heat 生rea惚四川
shall be carried out on the basis of the com严>sition
of the alloy as shown in the table below :
(c) Such Butt-welded joint嚣 conform to Fig. 28.
挝)
Test on completed welds on Pipelines.
(1) CLASSIFICA TION
For the purpose of tests, pipelines shall be
divided 如to tW9ß制制:
lndian Boiler Reglllations
131
Class I. Pipelines for serviçe conditions in which
any one of the foregoing limits is exceeded.
(425 到
0
Design temperature
218 0 C
Design Pressure
17.6 Kg/cm2 (250 lbs./sq.
in.)
24.6 Kg/cm2 (350 lbs/sq.
in.)
C1a锦 11. Pipelines for service conditions in which
none of the foregoing limits is exceeded.
Feed water
。)
。)
IDENTIFICATION OF WELDS
The Welders identification mark shall be
stamped without indentation, or stencilled
adjacent to each completed weld.
TESTS FOR CLASS 1 PIPELINES
(i) Where the completed pipelines are not
su均ected to hydraulic test :
Where the completed pipelines are not
tested by the application of hydraulic
pressure, the welds shall be subjected to
the fo l1owing inspection procedure.
Piping over 102 mm. (4 in.) bore… A11
butt-welds shall be subjected to nondest古uctive examination by radiographic
or other approved methods. The entire
circum每rence of the first five welds made
by each welder shal1 be non-destructively
examined. If these are found to be
satisfactory and the Inspecting Officer or
Inspector is in 0出台r respects satisfied with
the welding techniques, methods of control
and supervision employèd, relaxation in
the extent of non-destructive exall出甜on
may be considered, but 剧s relaxation sha11
in no case permit the non-destructive
examination of less than one-也ird of the
circumference of eàth of remaining welds
made by the Welder concemed.
Piping 102 mm. (4 in.) bore and under,
but not less than 38 mm. (n~ in.) bore…
Five per cent of the, butt幡welds made by
each welder wìth a 1在inìmum of two welds
per weld肘" selected at random shal1 be
subjected to non-destructive examination
by either radiogr叩hic or oth盯 approved
methods or may be c时 out for visual
examination and bend tests.
•"
Piping less than 38 mm. (Hl in.) bori
Special tests are not nonnally required but
two per cent of the welds by each welder
on a pipeline may be cut out from the pipeline for visual examination 础ld bend tests.
(ii) Where the completed pipe1ines are
subjected to hydrau1ic tes t.
Where 在e completed pipelines are tested
by the app 1ication of hydraulic pressure,
the welds sha11 be subjected to the following
inspection procedure :
Piping over 102 mm (4 in.) bore- Ten 严!l'
cent of the welds made by each Welder ∞ a
pipeline with a minìmum of two welds per
welder , selected at random , shall be
subjected to non-d臼位uctiveex但双ina位onby
radiographic or other approved me出，ods.
Piping 102 mm. (4 in.) bore and under,
but not less than 38 mm‘ (Hl in.) bore-…
Two per cent ofthe welds made by each
welder on a pipeline with a minìmum of
one weld per welder, selected at random,
shall be subjected to non-destructive
examination by radiographic or other
approved methods or may be cut out for
visual examination and bend tests.
Piping less than 38 mm. (11,-2 in.) BoreSpecial 1ists are not norma11y required but
two percent of the welds by each welder
on a pipeline may be cut from the pipeline
for vísual Examination and bend t部ts.
(4) TESTS FOR CLASS II PIPELINES
(i) A11 pipelines under this classification shal1
be subjected to hydraulic test on completion
of erection.
(ii) On completion of the 如st ten production
welds made by 蚀ch welder, one of the
welds sha11 be cut out for test purposes or
altematively, the welder shall prepare a
test specimen made up of two similar
lengths of piping welded in a position as
closely representative of a selected
production weld as is practicable.The test
specimen sha11 be subjected to visual
examination and bend tests.
(iii) Two per cent of the remainder of the welds
made by each welder sha11 be selected at
random 拟ld cut out for test purposes，。几
altematively the welders shal1 prepare a
test specimen made up of two sim:n挝
lengths of piping welded in a position as
closely representatìve of a selected
production weld as is practicable. 古le test
specimen shall be subjected to visual
exall也lation and bend tests.
(iv) Notwithstanding anything contained in
sub-clauses (总) and (iü), the bend tests shall
.
132
be disp叙lSed within ca臼由.e welds have
been non幡destructive.ly tested in the
following manner:
A. P伊ing over 102 mm (4 切.) 007怨一 Five
per cent of the welds made by each
welder on a pipeline with a minimum
of. two welds per welder，四lected at
random 幽II be su同时ted to a non~
des泣uctive examination by radio~
graphic or other 呼proved methods.
B. Piping 102 m7低估机) OOreand 棚der…
臼飞您严r cent of the welds made by
each welder on a pipeline with a
g由让mum of one weld per welder,
selec始d 挝 random shall be su同时teçl
to non-destructive exam加ation by
radiographic or other approved
techniques.
.~-(5)
RE..'l'ES臼
If any tests specimen is unsaωfactory， two
fur设\er
weld specimen for
担忧郁t
shall be
selected 纭。mthe produ吨。n welds and
subjected to tests.ln the event of failure of
anyof 由.ere-怡然 S严cim创\8，由.e production
welds carried out by this welder
sub胆quent 抽出.e previous test shall be
su峙ect of specia1 c∞sidera创on.
(的 Socket Weld Joints…Socket weld joints may be
used with carbon and low alloy 嚣teel pipes not
exc伺ding q，O.3 黯批 outside diameter. Such welds 也.all
not be used where fati事略 severe erosion or severe
corrosion is expected to oc，α血Theworkin窑 pressureof
the 嚣。cket weld fittings shall be determined in
accordance withequation 91 (regulation 350).ηw
伽ickness of 出.e socket weld fittings shall not be less
than 11A tìmes 也e nominal thickness of pipe. 白\e
material shall be compa位blewi出自.eass倪iated piping.
(f) All butt welded jo拉格拉.all be su均ected to nonde如uctive examination by radiographic, rhdi。您copy
oro出.er approved me曲。ds such 部Ultrasonic tes位顷，
magne出严ticle 恼pection or 平quid dye pene位ant
inspection. When radioscopic exau自mtion is to be
I'erformed in lieu of radiography on welded
l t 嚣，出e following r吨uirements 处tallbemet:一
∞Impon钮
(1). A written procedure shall be submitted for
approvalto 注lelnspec由19Au也ority which shall
contain 位.e follow拙g:一
(i) material and 也e 由ickness range;
(均 equipment qualifica延ons;
{远)
test 0均ect sc凯 p1an;
(iv) radioscopic p缸甜leters;
(v) 挝磁萃e processing parameters;
lnd部n
Boiler Regulations
(vi) 坦\age
display par臼neters;
archiving req世remen恒;
(v益i) accept-r付ect criteria (Code reference);
(议) perf!但mance evaluation;
(x) Operator iden版.cation.
(2) The system shall be aided with ~image
processor to enha.nce the 守主 alify .of the
radioscopic ìmages and systep1 performance
qu禄ity shall exhibit一
。) a 白in section contrast sensi位vity of 3%;
仙 a 制牛 section contrast sensitivi与r of 2%;
〈端) a spatial r臼olution of 3 lin~ P忍rspermm;
(iv) IQI sensitivity - 2% of the joint 出ickness
when wire IQI's are to be used, the wire
diameter axis shall be oriented along. the
axis ,of the least sensitivity of 位\e system.
(3) Radioscopes are to be properly marked to co(vii) 抽\age
句?陆近豆剧而 par配iiläi' þãitof jõinfl'啼始提nted.
(4) 丁he
radioscopicexamjnation data shall be
r配orded and stored on video-tape, magnetk: disk
or optk:al disk at the maker's plant for a sufficient
period after 也e date of radic配。阱 ex扭曲创.on
ass严创.edby 白.e lnspecting Au也ority， E.舱ient
rac缸臼copic ex部剧烈硝.on 岳阳。，rd shall be made
av挝lable at any 烛台 over the record retenti∞
period and shall be l!aceable 抬出e test 0峙配ts.
(5) when r哼挝r has 民en performed. as a re部.tÍt of
主adioscopic exam担ation， the rep公red arel'l5 shall
be re-examined using the same rcldioscopíc
technique to evaluate the effectiveness of 白e
repatr.
{码 Toaidinpro严r interpretation of the radioscopic
examination data, the detai1s of the techn坷ue
used shall accompany the data. As a minimum,
the information shall include the approved
procedure requirements and system
performance test data.
STEAM-PIPE 寄lTTINGS
AND
CO民NECTIONS
361. Wrought Bends-ωPipes of thickness
determined in accordance with equation 91 with
increaseof 12.5% shall not be bent to radii less 也但
也由 e given in the following Table. Where sheller 路也i
are necess挝y， further allowance shall be made for
由始对ng at the back of the bend except where it can be
demonstrated to 白.e sa tisfaction of the Inspecting
Au位10ri穹白鼠也e use of t b wi1l not reduce 也e 也ickness
below y t at any point after bending :
where,
t 口 g由\.位\Ìckness as per Eqn. 91,
tb 嚣 min. thickness before bending.
1材ian
Boiler Regulations
TABLE川 Minimum
133
Bending Ra dii For Pipe of Thìckness
(泣) the 也ickness
in Accordance with Clause (a) of
R怠gulation 361
E兑termined
b dii measured to centre line 01 p加
Ou tside
tb 嚣 1.1 25 t
tb = 1.1 t
diameter
a11 tl出'knesse军
tb = 34.92 mm. or above
mm
w1m
mm
26.9
63.5
76.2
33.7
42.4
101.6
48.3
114.3
60.3
152.4
. 76.1
1905
88.9
228.6
101.6
266.7
114.3
304.8
127.0
355.6
139.7
381.0
152.4
431.8
168.3
457.2
193.7
635.0
219 .1
711.2
244.5
812.8
.1143.0
273.0
1016.0
1270.0
1397.0
298.5
1117.0
1524.0
323.9
1219.2
355.6
1498.6
1778.0
1727.2
406.4
2032.0
457.。
2032.0
2086.0
mum 由ickness
required for the straight pipe to
which the bend is joined.
where,
K
(d) .For the forged bends，泣\e radü shall be not less 血m
those given below:…
Long radü forged bends
一 R= 1.5xd
踹 R;;:: 1.0 x d
Sho此 radü forged bends
The 吐出kne宰s
at any point of the bend shall not be less
87.5% of 啦.e nominal 世让ckness of the bend. 羽毛e
部ckness at any point of the bend shall be such that 也e
i
m部放飞.um 血icknessr吨
uired equation 91 is maintained
由roughout after finis挝吨。严ra悦。n.
也an
361A. Butt Welding Fittings川在\ebu格weldingfi描ngs
shallconf时m to the dimension and tol时ances given in
the table giv四 below:
M
where,
percentage deviation of circularity,
Dmax. 嚣 max垃部部 external diaa飞的:er of the pipe 部
gauged at the bend,
Dmin. = m如imum ext~rnal diameter of 校将 pi严部
gauged at the ;bend,
D= nominal 创圳ldiame惚r of the p柄，
R= Ra dius of 役将 bend on the central line of
the b eil.d.
c=η\e
(c) Fabricated pi严 bends may be made by Welding
together bevelled section of straight pi严， provided(i) the angle between the axis of the adjoining
sections d但s not 础ceed 300 and
NOTES:
R一第一
罩
m笼
MW
-刷
m
m
我……
刷
一
哪
一
L制
shall not exceed
0
180 应 LBOW
判。 ELBOW
d
x 1∞
却肌
础俗
罔@
F!! 嗣ιId阉
l
白白 deviation
D
w
STEEL BU1ï WELDING FITTINGS
AM
飞队!』』阳
E品
.曾
酬曹l』
嗣
、』，、〉」酬
飞蛐啊
鹏陇
Ch
‘问吨、，品
max 叩 Dmin
叫二
C 嚣
D
-4
in
at any cross唰5eCtion of a bend shall be
calculated by the following formula :一
J气「「
made 龄在 besuch that 阳则必mumthickn部sre机ired
maintained 樵roughout af始室出e
by equation (91) is
per锦州age
ratioof 仕\e
radius of the bend (from centre
of curvature to centre of pìpe) to the inside
radius of 也.e pipe.
Note: Guss牵ted 8ends shall b苦 used for pressure not
exceeding 21 kilogramme per square centimetre 磊nd
tempera饥ue not exceeding 260 Degree Centigrad哇，
(b) The thickness of the pipes, from which bends are
b恼ding opera位部\.性\e deviati∞ from cirαllarity
1(..,. 0.5
is at least ……….- times.the m油公
1( -1
lndian Boiler Regulat仰t5
134
where,
tm = nominal thickness of the branch lessthe
permissible negative tolerance.
P 口 Working pressure.
5 = Maximum pem由sibles悦ss a specified in
Table 8.
e
factor given in re事llation 350.
x = 1. B (1 唰 0.7 s如 y) Eqn. (91-B)
B = ratio of bore of branch to bore of main
y = angle between branch and main in degr肥S
c= 0.75mm.
=
t翩 derived from Equation 91-A is 白e
The value of
FIG.30
m拍脑um 白i休ness and further p i'ovision shall be made
STE戴，L BUTI' W盖LDING
for
FI1TING
362. (a) Branches, Bosses and Drain PocketsBr朋ches， bos:臼sanddra如 pocke总 wêlded to the pipes
由all conform to 佼\e requireme础。freg叫甜叩P哩!些
~-253.-1J丽丽梅挂记rñôt 飞丽丽ldeëno any mainat an
an g1e of less 也an6但
B is
{泣)
Reinforcement- If the 也ickness of the
single of multiplebranchpiece is
less than given by the equation 91 Aexternal
reinforc臼nent shall be provided. Such reinforcement
may 始ke 阳 form ofmultiple radial pla棚。，f 'hourse
shoe' form or 郎 form of collars or other reinforcement,
approved by the Chief Ins严刑。几 app1ied to or around
ma坦 orbr部ches of a
a
pipe 拉法吨笛邸g
of each branch shall be
p叫ected
严甲四diα.llarlyon 也e 阻is of the main and 也.edis饭nce
betweèn each p础。Ifthe盹 pr付町尬。nsmeasured嗨挂出e
dis恼lce so measured between two branches is less
than the sum of 由eir bores, the two branches are
de钮led to affect each 0也附 近削s distance is equal to
C叼rea如岳阳 the sum of their bores，也.e two branches
are deemed not to aff，配t eacho血.er.
In circulatiJ:唱和e 黯趴f时cement required, each br刽晗1
is 如 be considered in 阳m 幅在e白白 wi由a11 the branc抽s
by which it is affected.
。)
A Branch not affected by any other branchWhereno 础ternalre恒forcement is to be app 1ied
L嚣
PD+czqn-OLA)
(2 sc + P) X
y
E智\.
…Y 去 90
(91 -C)
A branch affected byone or more other
branches- (See Figure 362-A) Oe是em出\e the
'X' v a1ues 阳 each branch alone from Eψ硝佣
91也Let 'X' be the value 如r the branch under
coruìidera忌。n and xa Xb, et忍住\e v a1ue for 舱
τhen ~叫一 C
(1- Xa)
~嚣 1 四 C
(1- Xb)
Where￥ C
is a
factor 伎\e
tak霞飞 fr.饵nτable
Eqn. (91-0)
value of which is
如 be
36')./4.
在\e 伎úckness
of each branch which is a component of
a multiple branch shall 也en be determined from
Equatio置'1. 91-E. Equation 91-C shall not apply :
*t
酣
..
嚣
2
Pd
(Se + P) X
1
X
一一一一
X1 . x2
+C
Eqn. (91剿白
SHAPEOFPR。但.LE-Un沁55 the weld is dr崎sed flush , there
shall be extemal 阴阳 r栩如rcem相t， pr由rably within 役\e lìmits
reco啄回tended in Table below 矗nd this r冒info比ement shall be
substan位 ally 5严nme衍ical about the c理n饷除\e of the joint.ηm
shape of the reinforcement may vary 矗αording to the type of
elec胁deor welding 惚hnique 础ed and lhe w创ding position,
以此 shell in allω钝sbeofsm∞th ∞nto\王.r，霞飞.e pro创e running
out sm∞thtyin协 the pipe on each side without notching or
r时uction of thickness of the pipe at the ed伊齿 of 也eweld.
Amount of Weld Reinforcement
。ver
pÎpe thi出1e5s
Re切衍mended limits
Upω and
子 mm
to a branch piece the 制.ckness of 位le branch
shall be determined from Equatio辈'1. 91-A.
less 阳叩
。由erbranch腾，
位叫础峭∞ between 也需 Branch and 也ema抽.
where no Extemal Reinforcement is
Provided…Where more than one branch is attached to
tolerance.
No reinforcement is required if.…
(b)恶xtemal
{啡Thi~kne88
any 双由\1主s
m6MM
旦旦旦
mm.
m.
6
13
1/4
1/ 2
Minimum
mm.
In.
1.6
1/ 16
1.岳
1/16
1.岳1/ 16
Ma ximum
mm.
m.
5
1/ 8
5
6
3/16
1/4
Ind必n
Boiler Regu lations
135
TABLE 36214
shallbe 设四伊eater of 由e 也ickness
L
calculated for it as
a componentof each mul悦.ple br豁出.
C
d 1 今 d2
{部)
1 or greater
.9
.8
.7
0
0.10
.34
.66
总.80
.5
.4
.90
.94
3
加
.2
.1
.98
.99
.o
1
(L 黯 d惨剧.æbetw制np叫ections of bores, d 1 and dJ
In生ermediate
values by 趾\ear. interpolation:
It is to be sp町iallyno铃d 也at a branch may form p缸t
of two dis往nct， mul位ple branch创， wl飞回池削ckn臼S
STEEI二 BU1T WELDING
N仰linal
Dia mder
25 x 10
25 x 15
25 x 20
32 x 15
32 x 20
32 x 25
40 x 16
40 x 20
4O x25
Outside Dia.
4
33.7
d,
17.2
21.3
26.9
21.3
42 .4
26.争
48.3
33.7
21.3
26.9
llEDUCEllS
N栩栩1
L
51
也
51
64
2432..47
2363.39
MAINS. (See F~事ll'es 3621 A, 362/B, 362/C and,.
362/D). 币1怠也ickness of a main carrying a single
or a multiple branch shall be determined as for
也e si吨le branch or one component of 出e
mul句le branch except 也at the symbols '0' and
'e' shall apply to 也.e main.
η\e位ùckness of a main carrying more 白anone
branch, single or multiple sh必1 be 注\e greatest
of the 白ickness of 出.e main calculated in
connection with each branch separately.
币2怠 additional 鼎ickness of a main for branch
reinforcement shall extend over 位也 length
covered by the branch and beyond it for , a
distance not less 由m 位e bore of 出.ebranchon
each side.
D仰，眼w
1∞ x25
1 ∞ x 32
1∞ x
40 1 114.3 1 48.3 I 102
10加 50
1∞ x65
100 x 80
125 x 部 139.7"
125 x 65 141.3
125 x 80
125 x 1∞
76
88.事
$随 x150
350 x 2∞
60.主
76.1
88.9
114.3
60.3
76.1
127
i 孤5.6
I 219.1 1 330
路Ox2部
措Ox 欲望B
剑)Q
x 200
ωOx2501 4(兑4
很)Q
I
万3
|坦6
x 3∞
381
891
主∞ x80
i2∞ xl∞ |219.1 1 114.3 1 152
2槌 x125
80 x 32
80 x 40
80 x50
80 x 65
34S2. 74
88.9
48.3
60.3
76.1
89
• Required 0.0. 毛obeSJ浓cified.
Notes: 1. d 黯Outsidedi措meter of the big 忽略
2∞ x150 i
250 x 80
250 x 1∞
250 x 125 273
药o x 150
250 x 2∞
2. d l
1陈主 i
114.3
139.7
168.3
219.1
嚣。utside diamet辑r
355.6i508
民)Q
178
x 450
6∞ x 4()Q
600 x 450
§∞ x 500
of the sman end.
仰.6i
457.2
3.L 嚣Overan 1er宅位1.
508
lndian 栩如指伊lations
136
部'EEL
BU1T WELD部GTEES
UNEQUALTEE
EQUALTE黯
泛dmral DÎII.
N彻ninal
a
Dúnneter
25 >< 25 >< 10
25 >< 25 >< 15
25><25><20
25
部.7
=-32 比 32)(15'~
32 >< 32x 20
32 x32 >< 25
32
42.4
L
17.2
21.3
26.9
s8
巴
L，
38
48.3
48
48
21 .3
26.9
33.7
42.4
57
57
…
因 x 5O ><25
33.'
51
57
4428JAS
64
3∞ ><3∞><
…
65x 毒草 x25
部.7
57
x 32
76.1.
貌.4
必4
7系。
毒嘉.3
番7
76
x 100
忽)o x 忽沁 xl25
放到()x 氛)()
35.7
42.4
48.3
番7
250 x 250 x 125
能3
76.1
部
219.1
均
毒品
…
73
76
83
111
117
K幽13649&s9
S
7
121
121
124
130
137
1主岳
162
1锦
25O x 25O xl部
2部 x 25O x2部
2因
273
><
216
6
却4
323.9
3∞ ><2回
241
300
…
3回 x 35O x1部
350 >< 250
350 x 300
350
400 x 刽沁>< 15。
400 >< 4∞ x2∞
每到()x 必始 x 250
400 x 纸到() x 300
400 ><必)() x 350
一
2s8
216198.•91
3自 x3部 x2∞
军黯><
3野.6
叙施.4
450 x450 x2∞
450 x 450 x 250
450 x 450χ3∞
450 x 4弱 x3部 457.2
450 x 450 x 400
184
184
500
i应系73主
问
27啻
305
1纯
虫草(}x 5OO x 25O
194
203
500
一
…
.R叫础edO.D. 阳3 加由阱翩翩d.
No棚川
1. d 础。utside dìameter of 蚀lt! l\1I\ pipe and branch 阳 ωse of 吨ual 协e
2. d 1 黯 Outsl.de dJameter of 由晴 branch In case of w随qual tee
3. L = Distanωof 恻ltr暗 ωend of l\1I\
4. ~踹Dis棚ωof cen'胁 to end of branch
342.9
4因
x 到)0
x 200
民)O x 5OO><筑)0
x 民)o x 撼。
到)o x 民)o x 缸汩
民)o x 民)0
民)0
x 4部
L
l呻叫~坦2四E飞
必。
152
178
L
125
3∞ x3∞ x2∞
S部><
2部 x250 x 部
25O x 25O x1∞
部 x 部 x65
124
>< 150
…
80x 部 x 部
A3
2∞
…
能争
þ.曲:圃r扣t留&sLS
1俑
fxtmtlll DÎII.
d
å,
s∞ x3∞ xl部
105
|叫1l1U理m1a841
垂5
部 x 8O x 4O
105
150 x 1出 x50
2织Ix 150 x 65
150 x 150 x 80 168.3
143
93?
1部 x 150 x 1∞
150 x 1部 x 125
一
150
一
销一$
事。×部 x32
L
就)0
岱 x65x 5O
x嚣
39I
114.3 ll!l68H88s
125x 125 x 50
125 x 125 x 65 139.~
125 x 125 x 盹 141.3
125 x 125 x 1∞
125
级)o x 忽)0
65>< 部 χ 毒。
80 ><80
fxtmtlll DÎII.
4
d,
织沁 x 忽)O x 8O
黯
岱 x 垂5
3∞ ><3∞>< 1∞
89
95
98
21.3
26.9
33.7
4翠
帚0.3
86
1∞ xl∞ x50
"100
26.9
32
1∞>< 1∞ x 钊
1∞ x 1∞ x80
…
50x 部 x40
Nominal
Dúnn eter
…
20
部 x 部 x
L
Nominal
Dúmrder
1∞ xl∞ x65
…
40 x 40 x 15
40><ωx 20
4O x 4O x25
4O x 4O x32
40
50x 部 x
二4 1
回8
381
137
Indúm Boiler Regulations
...四
刷 I FiItIr咱毒
1 1M伊羁01
1 c嘟"
'
可
磕
辑
重 φ 1.1矗 1.0.8
部 1.0.8
出三址:
.'.11
拿 1.8
• *8.4
鑫 8.'‘
.0.8
I *3.2
袋1.6 1 ~Ö.8
令
，告.8
..专后
a监 0.<‘
塞6.4
*0.8
拿 1.6
怠 1.6
..8.4
拿8.'‘
拿 0.8
部黯如融始
-:r
.GQO
喝'.0
..,.0 φ·膏。.8如
*3.2
毒1.8
.1.8 去 u ..8.4 怠。 8 ..0.4
02.4 拿 u ....5 拿 11.4 .'.11 .11.4
*茸.41.2.41* 警，在拿 8.4 I * 1.8 1 .11.4 I .章，‘+罕- 1+
*'.0
1.11
ü'
3.2
..4
笋蕾帽·辈份*加幢幢
鑫罩Z
TS20 费...
r'4
3。 mw
俨mmc→→芝 m「O-203.宠
mm
咱M叶W
40俨mm》法。照。H
~企
4 由 iA 岛;
宙飞主t汪古建3!现古道
F地 .28(IX)
。IMENSIONS
OF CAPS
1
2
N睛"帆al
plpa s国
αame俑，
s
40
60.嚣
串串
"78. 1n3.0
38
38
38
25
罩在
，
OM
副
ω』
50
辈革
串串
串串
3.费1
4.85
4.85
5.08
511.•5e4t
25.4
38.1
38.1
揭.1
44.5
50.6
革8
88.9
毒$
7.串串
83.事
1∞
辛苦战事
84
8.58
125
150
'13串.7/141.3
188.罩
?串
在53
78.2
88.9
102
250
219.1
273
350
串串5.辜
幸00
s∞
323:￥
s∞
部)0
忽13
809.8
287
1嚣劝
30喝
457.2
7茸啻
820
曲创
篇7
287
然7
*R饲ulred 0.0. to be specifi甜
Not铺:-
1. Caps are to 掬 of semi-ellipso饱豁然疆pe..oo are to ha嗡毒Ie哗衍。1st甩Ighttomak辈份帚创erall
le唰h asspecif汹汹CoIoums3 秘俗.T地悔Ight 01 th串串串m问IHpsoidal portion , measures
串'xtemally， Is to 油部tI毒草s th四 onequ撞rter of the Intemal dlametèr of 赞\e cap.
2. Le，理tt黯应 applytoω隅 ofwallth陆ne部锦州锁馆领i嗨甘1ωeglv僻 In OoI. 4.
3. Lengths 我 ap肉 to caps of wall thi伽辅骨'S9阳.ter 问nthωe.glven in 臼1. 4.
4. d=O唰i但做栩如 Inmm
12.7号
1 军?
152
178
191
508
s∞
?∞
127
152
165
10.97
12.70
12.70
12.70
12.70
12.70
12.70
40且‘
似lO
tsd
g
17事
20垂
徨窜
‘∞
450
εor 跤，鹅 overa割草sngth.
辜
*M**m指W
鹏嘟2·嘟重如.，e 损U制唰阳3恤崔亏2晴
iSL嗣
@nNgaontefE21 鸳也拥
4
28.9
33.7
42.4
48.3
刽
4
229
254
138
Indian Boiler Regulati切lS
d 1 andd2 from a l'air
钱梅ding 制chother
NOτLESSτ玩AN
黯G.3621A … TYPICAL
MAXIMUM O.D. OP PIf咱E
nns FLANGE IS SUITABLE FOR ALL DESIGN PR旦SSUREAND
BRANCH PlECES
白MP.黯A丁URE CONDmONS
。 NOτ'E: FOR DETAILS OF WELD PREPARA悦。N
5EE FIG. N08. 28 (i) 始篇 (x)
FlG. 28 - WELDING NECK FLANG览
才如弘
;JYijJf';
噜…，1.6M蜒 (lf.l创则 MAXι
胁~....s.MM..(3/16.肌)M剖 γ，
黯G.28 (i)一此AlN VEE FOR USE WITH BACKlNG Rl NG
d 1 is unaffected by other branch栅
d 3 is affec始d by d 2 and d 1
~is affected by d 3
d. is af兔cted by d3
FIG.36218
0
1 叫。11岳阳 )W 可γ15 •20"
i402{
1.6MM(11点 )MAχ 二斗1二- 5 MM (3 /16 IN.) MIN
(PIPESO昭R
13 M.M. (1/2 IN.) THICK)
3 知剧。 18IN.)
烟N.RAD\
d 1 is affe<:时 by d 2
~始 affected by d 1 and d 3
到G.3621C 咽-
TYPICAL
j
毛总 affe<:ted by d 3
d 3 is afft但ted by d 2 and d.
•
BRANCI辈PlECES
:tfi ，...
lðl比ιL
比
ιι幽幽
\
飞'\tIT一
品
j 、'1"
T
、‘.IU....
1.6 MM (1/1岳阳占 MAX 叫曹如-5MMi
(pIP主5 OVER 13 MM (1/2IN.) THICK)
FlG. 28 (iii) (a) NORMAL PREPARATION
U-GROOVE FOR USE wn宵 BACKlNG RlNG
1.6 MM (1116 IN.) 呻护
MAX
八\
:1
i
L......霄
._........,r
20喻。
俨叫注=←些-- - L 3 MM (118 IN.)
1
飞 J-、、 8喻，必如fIN.RAD.
电.............-，l(
口，。
d 1 i喜矗ffecated by d 3
d 2 is 矗 ffected by d 3
d 3 is aff就泌d by d 1 and d 3
FIG.3钝ID
3 M.M. - 4 M.M. (1 月 1况 - 5/32 IN.)
(PIP脂 OVER 13 M.M. (1/ 2 IN.) TH1CK)
F1G. 28 (iiÎ)翻一 PERMISSIBLE ALTERNATIVE PRE.
PARATION FOR VERTICAL OR N注ARLY VERTICAL
PIPE U-GROOVE FOR USE WITH BACKlNG Rl NG
.
lnd奴n
139
Boiler Re.伊lations
§
0.8 M.M (1/32 lN.) MAX.
SEETABLE
3 M.M. (1/8 IN.) APPROX
§
PIPE THICI<NE部
M.M.
.s 25
>25 .s 38
>38
…1口吨F …部
至1
DEGREES
16-20
>1 sl-1I2
> 1-112
23.27
IN.
20固执
PERMlSSIBLE ALTERNA'贺VE PREPARATION FOR V酿刀CAL
OR NEARLY VERTICAL I啦'忍
FIG. 28 (vi)仙一 DOUBLEANGI二EVEEFOR USE
W口'H OXY.ACETYLENE BASE RUN
一一
(FOR PIPES 9VER 8 M.M. (5116 IN.) THICK) 。
FlG.28 (iv) - PREPARATlON OF GROOVE FOR
USEwn宫 TAPER BACKING RING
AND DOUBLE ROOT RUN
8M.M.
30" .400
0.8-2.5 批批
1/32-3/32 剖.
APPROx. FLUSH WI1H BORE
肌在
FOR PIPES 13 M.M. (1/2 IN.) AND THINNE
在G. 28 (v) (a) … GROOVE 笠ORUSEWITH 鼠EC塞SS雀D
BACKING RING
立5.5 M.M. (3/32 -3 /16 lN.)
NORMAL PREPARATION
到G. 28 (vii) (a) 一协GROOVE FOR USE WIT}董
OXY-ACETYLENE BASE RUN
{yfl
•
E~
5 M.M. (3/16 IN.) 闲N
APPROX. FLUSH WITH BORE FOR PIPES THIC昭RTHAN
13 挠.M. (1/2 IN.)
FlG. 28 (v) (b)… GROOVE FOR USE wn‘ HRECESSED
BACKING RING
PERMISSIBLE ALTERNA TIVE PREP ARA TION FOR
VERTICAL OR NEARLY VERTICAL PIPE
FlG. 28 (vii) (剖… U.GROOVE 穿ORUSEWITH
OXY-ACETYLENE BASE RUN
10-16M.M.
(3/8-5/8IN.)
叫|← 2 日抵M
(3/32-3 /1 6IN.)
(a) … NORMA瓦 PREPARAION DOUBLE
ANGLE VEE FOR USE WITH OX予，AC览TYLENE
BASERUN
Fl G. 28 (vi)
(PIPES 10 TO 16 M.M. (3/8 TO 5/8 IN.) THICK INCLUSIVE)
FIG. 28 (viii) - PLAl N VEE FOR USE WITH
OXY.ACETYLENEBASERUN
140
lndian Boiler Regulations
350
少. 1 -:;如$7品 13
2平Lr
NOR挺AL
门
叫11(3~抖出)
I
品如坠) I ._1 牛5M.M →幌圳)
FOR USE WITH
SPECI:~-~矶~I~~
I
PREPARATION
FIG. 28 (i对 (a) … PLAIN VEE FOR
USE WITHOUT BACKING 民ING
FIG. 28 (ix) (b) -
PLAIN VEE FOR
京IG.28ω … SINGLE
U FOR US军
WITHOUT BACKING RING
THE OUτ'ER SU汉FACE OF THE
WELD MU5T U'E WHOLLY OU予
5IDE THE POS1110N 1NDICATED
n姐 OUT在R5URFACEOFl曰E
WELD MUSτLIE WHOLLY
OUT5IDE τ羽E POS1110N 1N-
BYτ曰EDO守:我DUNE，凤JLLUNE，
WH1CH 应VER 15 APPUCABLE
DICATED BY THE DOTTED
UNE，Fl几LUNE，Wl泣。IEVER
15 APPUCABLE
70 0 MAX毫
ALLOY SfEELFILLET WELD
CARBON Sf军军LFILLETW嚣LD
应
FORCL挺ARANCE
BETWEEN FLANGE BORE AND O.D.
OF PIPE [SEE REG拭 357 (b)1
CARBON Sf在ELPIPES
B.. tBlIT NαrL蓝SSTHAN5 悦，抵。116")
ALLOY STEEL PIPES
B=tBlIT Nαr
CA汉BON
sf在嚣L
PlPES
tBlIT
C-NOT
LESS
τHAN
ALLOY
SfEEL
2t 器lIT
C=NOT
PlP部
M黛M.
8 M.M. (5/16 IN.) MIN.
WH翠汉itISNOτMOR军 T只AN
M.M.(312、 BORE
10M.单是•
(3/8") FOR PIP路 21M.M.
CAALLROBOYN
STS13T肌
EE肉
LAF蹈
ND
。")BOREOVER
6 M.M. (1/4 IN.) FOR PIP路 13M.M.
。 12 IN.) AND 19 M. M. (3/4") 胀)R军
8 M.M. (5116") FOR PIPES 25 M.M.
。")T038M‘M.(312") 以JRE
10 M.M. (3/8") FOR PIPES 21 M.M.
(2")阪)REOVER
争
6 M.M. (1/4")
ALLOY SfEELPIP部
E' ,. HEIGHI' OF WELD RECESS
B. AND C ARE MINIMA AFTER
MACHINING FLANGETO FINAL THICKNESS. THIS
FLANG嚣 ISSUITABL底 FOR ALL DESIGN PRESSURE AND
TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS. FACE ANO BACK
WELDED ON FLANGE FOR METAL ARC WELDING
FIG.29
8 M.M. (5/16 IN.)
IN.) W只恶巢军
tISOV军R 喜 M.M. UPTO AND
INCLUDING 14.5 M.M. (9116 IN.
t-3M.M‘(1/8 IN.) WHE阳 tis
OVER 14.5 M.M. 飞JPTOAND
lNCLUDING 22 M.M. (7/81N.)
1-岳 M.M. (1/4 IN.) WH辈民主 t IS
OVER 22 M.M. (7/81N.)
川，岳 M.M盔。 116
(5/16") FOR PlPES 25 M.M. (1")
E=tBUτNOTI必SS THAN
DIM 忘 NSIONS
A=1/2 t 窑uτ 泌OTL嚣SSTHAN
5 M.M. (3 /1 6 IN.)
LESS THAN 5 M‘M.(3/1毒，H)
CAR以JNSTE主LPIPES
,
CARBON STEEL AND
ALLOY STEEL PlPES
岳。sM.M.J
{O1τA//041N613D"N8}J EOEE
PIPES 13M.M.
/ZINmnM
挺，mEAPEO$A25"}BORE
LESS
THAN
FOR CLEARANCE BETWEEN FLANGE BORE AND O.D.
OF PIPE [S E:E: REGN. 357 (b)]
B鑫
CARBON Sf在ELPIP军S
C = t BlIT NOT LESS THAN 10 M.在A
ALLOY STEEL PIPES
C 瞌 2tBlIT Nαr
CAR叙JN
STEEL PlPES
A LlβYSTE军LPIPES
嚣，.
LESS THAN 10 M.M.
t BlIT NOT LESS THAN 6 M.M.
军2 溢 E程IGHI'
OF WELD 反革:CESS.
DIMENSIONS A AND C ARE MINIMA AFTER
MACHINING FLANGE TO FINAL τHICKNESS. THIS
WELDPREPA民ATION SHALL NOT BE USED WITH PIPES
OF LESS THAN 76 M.M. MIN. BORE. BO黯 AND BACK
WELD嚣。 ON FLANGE FOR MET AL ARC WELDING
翻G.30
141
Indian Boiler Regulations
阴阳
雀
poo
嘎-wrt
nv
,/
宫HE
OUTER SURFACE OF T贝克
WELD MUSτLIE WHOLLY OUTSIDETI茹 posmON lNDICATED
BY 1HEDOTT院DUNE
5.0M.M.
(3/16 lN.)
RAD.
础?证，
FOR CLEARANCE
BEτW阻N
El
FLANGE OORE &: O.D. OF PlPE
[SEEREGN. 烟.357 创
CAROON STEEL AND
ALLOYS丁EELPIPES
A=
1/2tBUTNOTl启臼 τHAN
5.0 M.M. (3/16 lN.)
CAROON STEEL PlPES
C = t BUT NOT LESS T曰AN
10.0 M.M. (3/8 翻.)
ALLOY STEEL PlPES
C = 2t BUT NOT LESSτHAN
10.0M.M. (3 月lN.)
CAROONSτEELPlPES
E = t BUT NOT LESSτHAN
6.0 M.M. (1/4 IN.)
ALLOYST宝.EL PlPES
El 黠 6.0M.M. (1/4 lN.) 令 2/3t
BUT NOT LESS 1HAN t
t = CALCULATED T到lCKNESS OF PIPE AS DERIVED FROM
EQN 91 DIMENSIONS A&C ARE MlNIMA AFTER MACHINING
FLANGE τo FINAL τHICKNE臼.τHIS WELD PR黑PARAτION
SHALL NO'τ 盹 USEDWIT丑PlPES LESS ηiAN 76 M.M. (3 IN.)
MIN. BORE WELD PREPARA丁ION FOR USE ONLY WI1H
FLANG自 posmONALLY WELDED ON
'00民E AND BACK' WELDED-ON FLANGEFOR ME'τAL ARC
WELDlNG
FIG.30A
FOR CLEARANC应 BETWEEN FLANGE BORE &: 0.0. OF
P lPE (SEE REGN. 357 (b))
1/2tBUTNOTLESSηiAN 5.00 M.M. (3116 IN.) = 8.0 M.M.
(5/16 lN.) MINIMUM WHERE t IS NOT MORE 在iAN 8.0
M.M. (511岳 IN.)
B 且
[t 坦1.6 M.M. (1 /1 6 IN.)] WHERE t IS OVER 8.0 M拢。 116
lN.)U何o AND INCLUDlNG 14.50 M.M. (9 /16 时)]
B 且在-3.0 M.M. (1/16 IN.)] WHERE t IS OVER 14.50 M.M. (9/16
IN.) UPTO AND INCLUDING 22.∞ M.M.σ18IN.)]
t-6 .0 M.M. (1/4 IN.) WHERE t IS OVER 22.0 M.M. (7月 IN.)
E = 1-112t BUτNOTLE部 ηiAN 岳.00 M.M. (114 IN.)
t=
CALCULATEDτHICKNESS OF PlPE AS DERlVED FROM
EQN.9 1.
P灿伍NSION 'A' IS 1HE 如lIN弘rUM AFTERMACHINING FLANGE
τOF剧ALηnCKN览:SS. 1HIS WELD P阳PARATIONSHALL NOT
BE USED WI1H PlPES OF LESSτHAN 76.00 M.M. 。 民)BO阻
鸣。'RE &: FILLET' WELDED-ON FLANGE FOR METAL ARC
WELDING
A=
FIG.32
1苦苦E
1苦王军 OUTERSURFACE OF η恒
OUTER SURFACE OF
IH在
WELDMUSTLI主 WHOLLYOUT­
SIDETHEP创ITION INDlCAτED
WELD MUS丁 LIE WHOLLY
OUTSIDETHEPOSmONINDICATEDBYτ到E DOTTED LINE
BYIHE ∞'TT室。 L孙沱
6ß。
E
B
FOR CLEARANCE BETWEEN FLANGE BORE AND O.D. OF PIF斗E
(SE应 REGN. 357 (b))
B = t BUT N0T LESST到AN 5.0 M.M. (3/16IN.)
应
312t BUT NOT LE臼 τ双AN 6.0 M.M. (1/4 剖J
t= CALCυLATED THICKNESS OF PlPE AS DERIVED FROM
EQN.91
DIMENSION B IS THE MlNIMUM AFTERMACHINlNG FLANGE
TO FINAL THICKÑE岱
FACE AND FILLET WELDED ON FLANGE FOR 如mτAL ARC
WELDlNG
FIG.31
FORCLEA汉ANCE BETWEEN FLANGE BORE AND O.D.
(S黯阻GN. 357 B)
A=
E=
t嚣
OF PlPE
1/2t BUT NOT LESS THAN 5.0 M.M. (3/16 IN.)
1-l l2t BUT NOT L慧能在iAN 岳.0 M.M. (1/4 IN.)
CALCULATED 1HICKNE部 OF PlPE AS DERIVED FROM
EQN.9 1.
0岛æNSIQN'A'IST双E MlN如何MAFTERMACl钗NINGFLANGE
TOFINAL ηnCKN我SSτHISW肌，DPR府ARATION SHALL NOT
BE USED WI1H PlPES OF LESSη认N 76.0 M.M. (3 IN.) M孙勘仅JM
OORE.
WELD PREPARATION FOR USE ONLY WITH FLANGES
POSmONALLY WELDED….QN. 'OORE AND FILLET' WELDEDFLANGEFOR 如fET AL-ARC WELDING
FIG.32A
142
Indùm Boiler Regula#仿JS
B=T
E 带 312t BυTNO吁fLESSτHAN5.0M.M.
。 116IN.)
F = 1.6 M.M. (3/16 IN) MAX.
t = CALCULA宵。 THICKNE部 OFPIPE
ASD瓷RIVED FROM EQN. 91
ALL DIMENSIONS A汉E FINI5HED 5IZES.
τ羽EBC路ED FLANGE MAY 1范 U铅DON
PIPES UPTO AND INCLUDING 305 M.M. (12
IN.) NOMINAL BO黯
'5LIP-ON' WELDED-O N FLANGE FOR
METAL-ARC WELDING
τHEOUT意RSURFACEOFTHE
WELD MUST L1E WHOLL Y
oυτ5IDEτ到E P<荡mONINDl幽
CA'窟。 BY 1HE DOTTED UNE
Fl G. 33 - FOR CLEARANCE
FLANGE BORE & 0.0. OF
PIPE (SEE REGN. 357 B.)
BETW我EN
B=T
B 嚣 312t BUT NOT L露部 THAN 5.0 M.M.
(3116IN.)
τHIS
TYPE SHALL BE USED ONLY FOR
PIPES UPTO AND INCLUDING 153 M.M.
(6 IN.) NOMINAL 即陋
'SLIP-ON' WELD黯D-ON BOSSED FLA.
NGE FOR OXY-ACETYL盖NEWELDING
FlG.34 … FOR CLEARANCE
BETWEEN FLANGE BORE & 0.0.
OF PIPE (SEE REGN. 357 B.)
363. Blow-Down Pip幡…(的 Blow-down pipes which
cannot be subject，时 to full boiler press旧e shall be
considered as satt主rated ste.缸n-pipes at 也at pressu胆.
(b) Blow-down pi:归swhichcar圈。tbesub如ted tofull
boiler pr倒sure shal1 be consideredas saturated steampipes at half the working pressure of the boiler.
364. Valves Ch销协…位) Chests of stop-va1ves, iso1a由\g
valves, reducing valves, steam traps, etc., forming parts
ofwrω#恍然回1 mains始am piping when for u槌 with
sa如rated steam upto a gauge pressure of 160 lbs. per
square inch or a tempera阳re of 4000 F may be made of
cast iron, cast steel or wrought steel in accordance with
ther吨uirements of Regulation 290.
(b) When superheated steam is used above 必览。F or
when pressures are above 1ωlbs. per sq. in. gauge,
such chests shall be mÞd, e of .~ast or wFough主貌出I 眩，
other approved material in accordance with the
requirement of Reguiation 290.
D比.fENSIONXm放\. in 1.119 in (NOMINAL PIPE
WALL" THICKNE5S) 0汉 THICKN 底550F
肌ANGE HUB. WHICHEVER 155MALLER.
FlG.34A … ~OCK盯 W缸.OEOFLANGE
STEAM RECEIVERS, SEPA汉ATORS， CATCH
WATERS, ACCUMULATORS AND SIMlLAR
VESSELS
365.(ωa
苟)Mat怡
eri始
刻1&
a
份萨.嗣嗣.
{白
句)
2
Plates, Ba白I Section事 and Rive跑一 Materia1s
for plat蹈， bars, sections and rivets used in the
construction of Steam Receivers, Separators,
Catch Waters and Similar Vessels shall comply
in a11 respects wi出 the requirements of relevant
regulations of Chapters 11 and V. depending
up∞ the mode of cons衍uction.
。) Br拙ch咽"ho钳制 and drain pocke每一 Branches，
bosses and drain pockets may be solid forged,
fabricated by fusion welding, machined from
solid bars or made from tubes.
(3) Flanges- Materials for flanges shall <:omply
with the appropriate provisions of Regulation
353.
lnd忽n
(4)
143
Boiler Regulations
bo出 sides of 也e
plate. Where the internal
shel1 is less than24 ins. 也e
joints may be welded from one side only,
when efficient welding from inside is
Forgings喃阳
Forgings shall comply with the
requirements of Re gulation 243.
(5) Steel Castings- Steel castings for shells or
严部sure parts of shell shall comply with
Re事llations 73 to 80.
(b) Construction and Workmanship…
(1) Shells ends- Shel1 ends formed separately from
the shel1 may be dished or fla t. Alternative坊，
也e ends of the shel1 may be forged down and
c10sed by manhole doors or by. plugs or brand毛es
welded in.
(埠。ished
ends-… Each dished end shal1 be made
from one rol1ed p1ate. If 副.s is impracticable,
owingto 仕\e 1配ge diameter，位\e dished end p 1ate
i 如 si∞ buttwelded
maybemade 仕omtwop1at邸
together and in such ca.ses 也e line of weld shal1
be paral1el to the horizontal axis of 也e ve.ssels
and the weld shall be radìographed after
fom由19. 白1怠 shape of Dished end 命el1∞nform
to the requiréments of Re gu1ation 275. Dis始ng
end peripherial flanging shall be done by
machine. Cold flanging sha在 not be adopted.
All p1ates which have been dish~， flan军ed or
loc:ally heated shal1 afterward.s be efficiently heat
treated for the purpose the relieving intemal
stress , unless during the last stage of
g冶nufacture，也.ey have been uniform1y heated
校\roughout to a suitable temperature. Care
.should be taken to .see 出at the flanges are
cylindrical of good surface and free from 1出al
irre伊larities.
Where flats are pressed in dished end.s for the
attachment of c臼mections they .shall be formed
wi也 m 缸吨le radius at 位\e junc位onsof the flat
and curved surfaces and shal1 be free from sharp
comers and tool marks.
Dished ends shal1 be attached 抽出.e cylindrical
F盯tof 也.e .shell by one of the fol1owing methods:
(斗 Riveting…Dished ends shal1 be machined
to fit closely 如to 也.ecy如\drical part of the
shel1 and flogging or hammering in the
a阪ng of ends sha在 not be adopted. The
caulking edges of al1 flanged plates shal1
be machined or flame cut by machine.
(总)
Welding with butt ]oints of 也e.Singleor
Double U or V Typ e…Where the internal
diameterof 也.e shel1 in 24 ins. or over, the
jo:趴.ts shel1 in all cases, be welded from
diameterof 仕\e
considered 协prac位.cable.
挡i)
Inserting, Convex side Outwards, ÎJl to the
Cylindrical Part ofthe Shell which shall
afterward be Hammered over at a Forging
Temperature and Welded Round the
Periphery- The dished 四ds shal1 be a
tight 如 in the cylindrical part of the shel1
and the leng位飞 of 也.e cylindrical position
of the dished end shal1 be not less 由an
four 位mes 出戴白ic挝\ess of the dished end
but not less than 1~ ins. This methC!d may
be u.sed where the shel1 diameter does not
exø聪d 36 ins. and the 设úckness of the
cylindrical part of the shel1 does not exceed
1 如. (See Fig. 民o. 365/1), except 仕\at it
shall not be permi忧ed where the design
严部sure exceeds 梢。 lbs./sq. in. or where
o
位.e design temperature exceeds 750 F.
i 叫/
防盯 NOT
I
LE部 ηIAN
1 始 in.
./
""
V
SEE 汉EGULATION
365(B) (2)
(i均
THIS TYPE IS NOτPE反MITTED WHEREAS RECEIVER
EXCEEDS 36 1拭 DIA. OP WHERE DESIGN PRESSURE
EXCEEDS 400 LB/SQ. IN. OR WHERE DESIGN TEMP.
EXCE配到S750 0 POR wl程RETHICI<N忘55 忘XCEEDSIIN.
FIG.3岳511
Dished ends shall not be secured to the
cylindrical part of the shel1 merely by Fillet
Weldin在 round periphery without any
mechanicalloc:k.
(3) 扭at 栩如一到.at
ends sh材1 be of forged steel
and shall be welded to the cylindrical part of 也e
shel1 or bolted to flanges which shal1 be attach创
to the cylindrical part of the shel1 in accordance
with Regulation 356 or 357.
The attachment of flat ends shal1 be by one of
也.e method.s shown in Fig. N铺，揭5/2， 365/2-A，
365/3 and 365/4.
144
Indian Boiler Re伊lations
目G.36S15
B.urNσrL勤部 THAN3/81N.
FIG.36S12
When ends are at:tached as shown in Fig. 365 凡"welding
shall be fro凯 both sides of the shell plate where
prac挝.cable. Where welding is done from one side only,
care shall be taken to ensure 仇111 penetration using
backing strips.
(c) Access to
Shell铲叩 At .least
one manhole shall be
access for thorough de缸由19 and
副SpectiOI飞， except 由at where the 处\ell is too small to
permit en句， c1eaningand inspection openings of
sufficient size and number shall be provided. Where
由ere is an elliptical opening in the cylindrical part of
也e 和甜，仕\e minor axis shell, wherever practicab1e be
para茧el to the longi烛dinal axis of 也.e shell.
provided 如 allow
NOTE:WELOO目‘'AILSAOOEO WrI双 REFERENCEτ'0 FIG. 23-0.
FIG 36512A
.
(d) Compensat站起 Rings to Openin萨 and DoorsThe material, construction and workmanship of
compensating rings and doors shall comply wi出 the
appro抖ate Regulations of Chapters II，皿 and 刀1.
(怡
e)Bra
拟辈毛忧
chesandOl
白
he
缸
rConned悦ion&协*彩*如.翩翩….翩.
鱼le
d
磁芷 shall
,
OR T 1 /1 6 IN. WHICHEVER 155MALL阳
FIG. 36SI3
iv
生m
-个
1.6
t = 5TUBτHlCK
t
=<ENOPLAT在 τ到ICI<
FIG.365品
be made by means of 忱
b 芷肌z
仙
he
吼
岛， p陀s提d
s
plat挝
e saddles, for在ed pads or bosses. Altematively,
where the thickness of the shell is sufficient to allow a
suitable surface to be obtained, connections may be
attached directly to the shell, provided that the
g由吆mum 役ùckness at the hole in the shell is not less
than 部制.ckness required for the design pressure and
temperature considering the shell 础 being unpierced
and that the diameter of the hole does not exceed the
放\a姑mum dlamet衍 of an uncompensated hole as
defined in Regulation 170 and 279. Studs for securing
such connections shall have a full thread holding 抬出e
shell for a 1忽略布 of at least one diameter and 也es切d
holes shall not penetrate the whole 刷但less of 出e
shell. All holes for bolts, studs and rivets in branch臼，
saddles and forged μds shall be drilled. Where such
connections are secured by welding.alone, a minimum
lndian Boiler Regulations
145
of two nms of metal shall be deposited at each weld,
except for sealwelds. Each nm of weld 1'lletal shall be
thoroughly deaned and free from slag befo持 the next
rurt is deposited. The final finish of the welds shall be
such 应at change of section from shell to branch is
gradual and free from sharp notches. Where the
diameter of the shell is 24 如.ches and over, welding
jtN1
OUτER
WELD MADE FlRST
shall be ftom both sides of the plate. Where 注1廷 intemal
diameter of the shell is less than 24 inches, extemal and
intemal welds shall be applied unless it is considered
也at efficìent welding from both sides is imprac位cable.
白白 does not apply to 泣\e methods of attachment shown
in Fig. 365/6 and 365 /7泊 which the welding shall
always be from both sides. .
BORE
BO摇一-叫
.呻
FINAL SEAL WELD
FINAL SHEALD WELD FOR
WHlCHTHERESHALLBEA
SOUND FOUNDATION
WHERE τHE APPUCATION OF TI迎 SEALWELD FROM INSIDE
THE VESSEL IS PRACTICABLE, THIS TYPE IS NOT PERMITTED
UNLESSτHE BORE OF THE BRANCH IS 4" OR LARGER AND
THE LENG1H FROM FAC翠 OF!鼠ANCHOUTSIDE OF SH乱L
DO部 NOT EXCEED THE FOLLOWING :
WHEREl苦iEAPPUCAηONOF 1HESEALW窒LD
FROM INSIDE
IS IMPRACTIBLE，白王IS TYPEIS NσTPER如UT1怒D
UNLESSη程 BORE OFηiE BRANCH IS 4" OR LARGER AND
T日ELENGηi FROM FACE OF BRANCHTO OUTSIDE TOSHELL
00班S NOT EXCEED THE FOLLOWING :
1HEVE部EL
BORE OF BRANCH
LENGTI王 OFBRANCH
BO及EOFBRANCH
LENG1H OF BRANCH
4"
9"
4"
9"
5"
10"
5"
10"
岳"
12"
岳"
12"
7" TO 10" INCLUSIVE
15"
7" TO 10" INCLUSIVE
15"
OVERI0"
1喜"
OVERI0"
18"
NOTE:τHE ABOVE ARE NOT RECOMMENDED B汉ANCH
LENGτHSAND B.汉ANCHES SHOULD BE AS SHORT AS
p。但IBLE.
FIG.36516
NOTE:ηiE ABOV巴 ARE f:-JOτRECOMMENDED
BRANCH
LENG1HSANDBRANCHESSHOULDBEASSHORTAS
K及;SIBLE.
FIG.36517
Indian Boiler Regulations
146
Branches, Pressed Pla去e Saddles, Forged Pads of
Bo:栩栩 sha班 beseαl1'ed 10 位1.e shell by one of the
following me也.ods:
(i)
Rive位\g.
{总，)
Welding.
(泌)
院ORE
MAXl-l/2tN or
1-1/8", 1-1/2 t N
-酬唰响
WHICHEVER IS
η王军扎段到SER)
MINtN
Screwing and Seal Welding.
Where branches are riveted on, the flange 拙 contact
with the shell sha11 be c1osed. 在\e caulkingedge shall
be machined or flameαlt by machine.
M付1世sofa悦aclun四tforbrancl阳回cured by welding
are shown in Fig. 365/6 to 365/29A.
下
<
飞
FIG.3651主。
-唰幽-_.刷峭输
在a.365111
tN1 t，料?
MIN
BO.阳
嚣G.36518
---------桐
W黯LD孙"G PROCEDURE FORτ'YP邵阳O叭rN 即双G.365/8AND
FIG 365/9 TOBEAS 民JRDOUBLEWELDEDBUγfJOINT‘ OUTER
WELD TO BE MADE FIRST. BACK OF OUTER W苞LD TO BE
CHI挥部 OUT. BEFO黯 COMMENCE烟附 OF 副NER WELD
BUTTD黯p 商用TRATION WELDING MAY BE USED SUBJECT
TOPROOFOF 京EQUISlTE P段也τ玄Aτ10N BEING PRODUC贱。
BY THE MANUFACTURER WHERE CALLED FOR BY THE
INSP勤CTING A U1HORlTY‘
翩..-
...
...翩，
FIG.36到9
挠 G.365112
-
IndÚl.n Boiler R喀ulations
147
BORE
树
,
--酬.桐.
桐
.'•
-一--鹏- .呻.
3~ BUT
NOTMORE
tN
T苦iAN 飞- t N
τ HE TYP军S
IN 衍G. 365 /1 3 A汉E ONL Y .PERMIITED
WHERE THE ELECTROD部 ANDτECHNIQUEτ"O BEυS览DHAVE
BE班N SHOWN, BY SEPA汉AT舷L Y PREPARED TEST. SP应CIMEN5，
SHOWN
TO GIVE FULL PENETRAnON Wπ'H SOUND WELD METAL AT
THE ROO'τOF THE GROOV意5. THEY ARE Nσr PE民M汀TED
WHERETHE 以)REOFTH览 BRANCH 览XCEEDS 5 INCH ES.
FIG.3651主3
FIG.365116
BO汉E
甲…叫田叫
--…-
FIG.365117
η还 TYPE
5HOWN IN FIG. 365/1415 NσrPER如UITEDWH应RE
在iE IN5IDE OF THE VESSEL 15 ACCESSIBLE FOR WELDING
FIG. 15 PREFERRED WHERE THE IN5IDE OF THE 1以ANCH 15
ACC览SIBLE FOR WELDING , WHERE IT JOIN5 1苦iESHELL.
BOR院
FIG.365114
1/4" RAD.
MIN
呵--一…
FIG.36缸"
5EALWELD FOR
τHERE5HALL BE
A SOUND FOUNDAnON
THE TYPE 5HOWN IN FIG. 365/15 IS NOT PERMlTTED WHERE
TH在 SHELL τHICKN底SSEXCE注DSlINCH.
FIG.3岳5115
WELDUNGPROCEDUREFORTYP军SSHO执刑 IN
FlGS. 部5118AND 施51扮 TO 嚣EASFOROOU百E五
W在LDED BUT JOINT. OUτER WELDτo BE
MADE，阮氏sr BACK OF OU1毛RW琵WTO 磁
C邱:PPEDOUTBE邵阳 COMMENCEMENT OF
INNER WELD. BUT DEEP P军NETRATlON
WELDUNG MAY 践主USED SUBJECf TO P艇。OF
OF R在QUISIτ班 PEN翠TRAτION BEING
PRODUCED BYTHEMANUFAffi成ERW哥您这翠
CAU主DFORBY1双E岳8IlCJ育湖GAU1回双l1Y.
FIG.3岳5119
Indian Boiler Regulations
148
旅ORE
I
郎施应
MAX.11/2 、
OR 11 /1 18"
-唰....---←
…-------
(WHICH蕉VERI5 1HE
LE路EI。如fiN t挡
-----糊 .1....
FIG.365124
FIG.365120
FIG.365121
FIG.3 6S125
MAX.l 1/2何'N OR
例HlCHEVE汉1S T日E
口空BER) 阳N'M' 'N
叶叶-BORE
tN
-----…"蛐--­
，酬萨'
... ... ...
...
ηiE
TYPE 5HOWN IN FIG.365/26 1s NOτP邵阳1TEDW耶路
OF η钮 VESSEL IS ACCESSIBLE FOR WELDING缰
FIG. 365 /27 15 PREFERRED WHÈRE THE INSIDE OF THE
BRANCHISACC法拥BLEFORW旦DING WHERE IT JO艇在西
τ曰E 玲.JSIDE
S沉寂LL
FIG.36S123
FIG.365126
喻"
lndian Boiler Regulations
149
BORE
:tN
Branches or not more than 1\-2 ins. nominal bore may
be screwed into the shell with a taper 也read and seal
welded, provided 也at the thickness of the shell is
sufficient to allow for a leng也 of 也read equal 抬出e
diameter of the branch. Wherethe thickness of the
shell is not sufficient for 也is purpose, a boss may be
welded on so 出时也.e total 也ièkness .of the boss and
shell is 时least equal to 也.e required length of 出read.
Method嚣。f attachment of such bosses are shown in
Fig. 365/30 to 365/34.
走
~
1HE 1YPE SHOWN IN FlG. 3岳5/27 ISNOT 黯灿ffITED WHERE'
TI部 SHELL τ苦苦ICKNE55 EXCE嚣。程 lINCH.
FIG.36 5/27
里
才|
=NOZZLE THlCKNESS
FIG. 365129A
喃
..
-懈『牛
喃崛
.-
••
唰
'
.-峭
惘-.
偷-帽 帽
-峭喃
-.'.
-.
..
崎叩幡 喃
皿唰"
-
-'也需
-
跚华唰 喃
hz'垂毡'毫
2霉
儒.
e.
耐4
唰
帽
.牛罐
-"户
刷
'
叩幡懦
-鄙'吨翩
帽
-酬'-幡
'
翩"
4-'"
4.-Ae
,
'
t
叶立← BUTNOT
BUTNOTL邵阳路 ηiAN
Z双AN3/16 卧乱
主116IN，
丁YPE SHOWN
IN FlG越 365/28 15 NOT P院汉MlTI'ED WHERE ANY
FOLLOWING LIMITS 15 EXCEEDED SH乱LτHICKN旅55
3/4IN骨。芷SIGN PRE臼U阳 105 LBS/叙J. 时. DESIGN TEMPERAτURE 340o F.
FIG.365128
OFTI王军
TAPPED BOSSES 阳CEED别G 3/2 IN. STANDARD PIPE SIZE
ARE NOT PERMITTED.
FIG.365130
J啼，×〈豆
THIS TYPE
AVOIDSτHEPREPARA刀ONOFGROOV囚的贷银NS罚a
IS A BAC虹NG 鼠ING ONlY AND NOT A C。如佼法N­
PLAτ军 THE 民ING
THE TYPE 5HOWN IN FlG. '365 /29 IS 沁OT PERMI1T嚣。
WHER主 ANY OF THE FOLLOWI泌G UMITS 15 EXCEEDED: 缀iELL THICXNESS 1/2"; DESIGN PRESSURE 105 L部/珑.IN.;D臼IGN 指泌宅虱ATURE
34(j"F ,
FIG.365129
SAτlNG R1t喝G.
THE YPE SHOWN 剖FlG. 统记5/31
ISNαTPERMlT罚。 WHERETHE
I附IDEOFTHE 5HELL ISACC岛
SlBL军只)RWELD孙~G盔
FIG.3毒草132
Indian Boiler Regulations
150
stud in the pad shall be not less 位\an the di部neter of
stüd;. Methods .of åttachment of pads secured by
welding are shoWI:\ in Fig. 365 /35 to 365 /41 , but where
pads of the type shown in Fig. 365/35 are used 也ey
shall be formed to bed dosely 始出.e shell.
MOREτHAN3/S"AND
设1e
LESSTHAN
HI汲E t, 15 LESS
τHEτYPESHO轨/N INFIG. 部5/33 ISONLY PE汉MITIEDWHE阳
τHE1NSIDEOFη指 SHELL1SNOτACCESSIBLE FOR W肌DING
FlG提 365/33
THEτYPES SHOWN IN FIGS. 365/33 & 365/34 ARE NOT
PERMITIED WHERE ANY OF THE FOLLOWl NG UMITS IS
EXCE滋DED:
SHELLτHICKNESS3/4INCH;
D部IGNPRE部URE
150 LBS/SQ. IN.;
DESIGN TEMPERATURE 5∞。F;
TAPP蕉。 BO铅ESEXCEEDING 1Yl IN.
STANDARD PIPE SIZE A汉ENσTPE武如f.ITTED
τHETYPE 级iOWN
ηiE
IN FIG. 365/3515 NOτPERMITTED WH运法E
5HELL THICKN黯部 EXCEEDS 3/4 INCH.
FIG.365135
FlG. 365/34 - Fl NAL
SEALW戴LD
Branches may be provid叫 with flanges for ord剖a叩
bolted joints. Joints of speçial type may also be used.
Flang部 for ordinary bolted joints shall be in accordance
with 也.e appropriate 始.ble 烛 Appen也x E and shall be
for伊dsolidwith 也ebranch础。r 撤出.ed in accordance
wi也Re如ùaüon 356 or 357. Thèy shall be machined on
也e jointing and bo1t bearing surfaces.
Where p窍部ed p1ate saddles are u锦d，也ey shall be
formed to bed cb坦lytothesl飞.ell and shall be mad由\ed
on the face a啕oining 阳 conn配创.on and machined or
flame cut by 皿achine on theedges. 古\e studs for 设m
attachment of 阳 connec位on. If配黯wed 由侃.gh the
saddle, shall each be fitted with a nut on 船e inside.
Where 也e stud holes do not penetratethtough the
saddle，也elen阱10f 也.e screwed portion of 也怠 stud in
仕1e p 1ate shall be not less 址旧n the diameter of 也.estud.
百\e jo面 faces
of all
。岛艇NSION
B MAY BE GREATER THAN NO沁忽NALB。这EOF
CONNEC哑ONBUTMU盯 NOTEXCEED: PITCH 口RCLEDIAM佩
戴TER 浏阳S (STUD DIAMETEl是+ l /2 IN.)
WELDINGl浪QCEDUREFOR TYPESHO认TNINF电G.365/36TOBE
AS FO' DOUBLE WELDED BUTT JOINT. 。υ丁慧RW应.DTO BE
MADE FI去ST. BACK OF OUτ'ER WELD τo BE CHIPPED OUT
BEFORE COMMENCEMENT OF INNER WELD. BUT DEEP
PENEl双ATIONW在LDING 楼A YBE USEDSUB}ECττOPROOFOF
REQUI5ITE PENETRATION BEING PRODUCED BY THE
MANUFACTURER WHERE CALLED FOR BY T日怒 INSP黯.CTING
AUτHORITY.
FIG.365136
B
pads 窑hall bemach放稳d.
在1e pads shall be suffid四t1y 制.ck to allow the dri黯ng
of stud holes for connections without the inner surface
The len斜叫出优rewedpo据onofthe
beingp始rced.
Fl G.365/37
Indian Boiler Regulations
151
Tapped bosses of not more 役UUl 1yz ins. standard pipe
welded to the shell, may be used for design pressures
not exceeding 200 lbs./ sq. in. and desi.萨 temperatuJ唆S
not exceeding 650 0 F. Such bosses shal1 have taper
注U'eads. Methods of attachment of bosses secured by
welding are shown in Fig. 365/30, 365/34.
20" M1 N
B
Al1
welded 挝tachments otl:飞盯住an
flange connec往ons
i :essand 和eel，配衍。desu就d
the Metal arc pr创
sha11 comply with the 指quirements of Regu1ations94 to
98. Where tack welds 盯eused 孰怠 Y sha11 be sound and
四部革 cutout，由allbec础fully fused into 也emainruns.
sha廷 be by
/8"
M1N.
τ宫ETYPESHO队时 IN FIC. 365/38 IS NOT 甜汉M口TEDWHE黯
THE INSIDE OF η西 SHELL IS ACCESSffiLE FOR WELDINC
FIG.365/38
Al1 parts secured by welding shall be effectively heat
treated after completion of all welding and before
hydraulic test.
〈号 Shell Joints-…
(1) Riveted Shells- Preparation of plates, butt
straps, rivet holes and rive由l.g shall comply with
也e relevant Re gulations of Chapter III.
FINAL SEAL WELD
FOR WHICH THERE
SHALL BE ASOUND
FOUNDATION
Longitudinal joints, of riveted shells may be lap
or fitted with double but straps, but in
j。如ted
DIMENSION B MAY BE GREATER THAN NOMINAL BO法庭 OF
CONNECTION BUT MUST NOT EXC葛ED:
PlTCH CIRCLE DIAMETER M剧US (盯UDDIAM盯ER+ y.t IN.)
古iE TY黯S SHOWN IN FIGS. 犯5/37， 365/38 AND 365/3苦 ARENOT
m议MlTIEDWHER翠 THE SHELL THlCI<NESS以CEEDS~ 剧。乱
B
cases where the design pressure exceeds 130
lbs. / sq. in. or the product of the desi伊 pressure
in lbs./ sq. in. and maximum intemal diameter
in inches exceeds 9,500, the longitudinal jo部ts
由all be butt jointed with double cover strap.
咀'le design of riveted jo泣'lts shall be in accordanω
with Re gulations 177 to 184.
•.
(玛 Fusion Welded Shell
These shall be c1翩翩ed
as follows:
1imit tö scant1ings.
Cla窑s II- When none of the following limits is
Class
10。如岱N.
1一臼o
exceeded手.) Wor:灿'lg Pre豁出哇珩同/sq. 部L 很l) 1bs./sq. .in.)
(均 Product
of W假如ng Pressure and internal
diameter 3750 (21 ，00的
(iii) Design
THE TYPE SHOWN IN FIC. :;部/甜 IS NOT PER附TTEDWHEN
τHE INSIDEOF τHE SHELL IS ACCESSIBLE FOR WELDINC.
FIG.365/4O
Class
'B' MAYB黯 CREA'恕R
THAN NOMINAL BORE OF
CONN览CTlON BUT MUST NOT
EXCE嚣。:
自TCH
CIRCLE DIAMETER M到us
(STUDDJ认METER+ 始时.)
THE TYPES SHOWN lN FIGS, 365/
40 AND 365/41 ARE NOT
F应RMI1τ'ED
WHERE η铅 SH肌L
THlCI<NESS军XCEEDS ~ INCH.
FIG.365/41
3430 C
(碍。。的
nr…When none of th.e following limits is
础ceeded-
。 Wor:挝ng 防部部re7.…-4 kg/sq.αn.
但.)
。也侄NSION
tempera始re-
(105 0 p si).
Product of Working Pressure and intemal
diameter 940 (5250).
{副) Des~伊 temperature
171 oC
(340 防.
0
Fusion welds, preparation of seam, the method of
fonnation of cy1indrical shells induding heat 悦揣在.ent
after bending me啦。d of making welded seams, types
of welded joints，怡然 plates and circul缸ity of shells all
confonn to 也.e requirements of Chapter V, except for
the following, namely :一
Ind忽n
152
Whenever practkable, seams shal1 be welded from both
sides of 也èpla也.Add撼。Inal runs of metá.l. shal1 be
deposited at bo也 surfaces of 注'le welded seams to build
upto a thickness 10 per cent 萨'eater 址\an 也ickness of
也.e pla批古\e surfaces of welds wherever carried out
on bo也 sides shall be ground smooth and flu也 with
也盯喧spective surfaces of the plates. Where the seam is
welded from one side 但句，出eseprov总ions shal1 apply
to 坟\e eχposed of 也e surface weld.
T臼ts
for Class 1 fusion welded seams shal1 comply
wi也出，e requirem四ts of 也e relevant Regulati∞s of
ChapterV.
Tests 岛r Cla倒在 fusion welded seams sha l1 comply
with the requiremertts of 位\ose of Chapter XU, except
that an additi∞al provisi∞ for one rnicro and macro
exam如ation shaU be made.
Tests for Class
一…
m fusion welded seams shal1 comply
wi生鱼"华南~en怜Qι也Qse ..QLChapterJaI.-川…
Class 1 and Class n shal1 be effectively s悦ss relieved
by heat trea加entwhen 也e wal1创ckness ex臼eds 20
mm.or 也.e carbon content exceeùs 0.25% or 出e pipes
are made of a l10y steel.
366. Deterrnination of working Pr，础sure一(的 Shell←明
'working pressure of shells shal1 be
de惚rmined by 也.e fo l1owing formula :一
白陈凯.ax垃\um
W.P.=
2f E (T 由
.03)
T
is 也ickness
isMax加\um
tempera相re，
在 is Efficiency of 10公gitudina1 riveted seam as given
in Re gulation 117,
is Ef在dency factor for fusi。我 welded shel1s as
given in table below，飞
is 1.00 for seanùess shel1s or shel1s made from
III
1/4
1/4
5/16
Over 36
shells
3/8
Where steels are in惚lded'for ser功.ce 就 temperatur，四 in
制，cessof7' OF this shal1 be so sta ted 叙\d 幽∞军飞 con惚ts
∞
sha1l be no生 less 也an 0.10p就 cent or al栓matively， the
m础凹ia1
pass 也.e
must
'Proof
test 如r
creep qua1ity of
carb∞约时 p1ate of boi1er qua1ity' as in Appendix D.
Compensation forOp臼irtgsin Shells-Where 位\em碍。苦
恼。fdiam的时 of any hole cut in 悖些坦~划生t
a副lisg面豆苗面画报面再也出ickness of the shel1 p 1ate
plus 23.4 inches， ωmpen随扳倒\ shall be prov挝.ed.
compensated measured
in 仙e
pl四，e paral1el 怕也.e longitud~l 鼠忌。f the shel1,
在飞e 腿d臼ml area 始 be
which
maximum, shall be the product of 出e
(inc1uding any rivet holes in the
plane) and the 出ickness .óf a. se拟nless 由.el1 of similar
material calculated in accordance with Equation 72
(R，鸣叫a悦。民 270)for 出.e same conditions of pr部阳陀 and
makes 制s ar，础 a
炮制\ of 仙.e oper由19
pads or branches are secured by rivets,
thecomp创始a恼怒 are，a shal1 be calculated by the method
give奴 in
Re gu1ation 170.
Where frames, pads or br础chesaresec旧时 bywelding，
thecomp创lSating area 结\all be calcula怡d by the method
given in ReguIãtiori 170.
(b) End Pl 挝 es… (1) Dished End Plates… The
maximum working pressure or dished end plates with
'pressure' on concave side' shal1 be determined by
Regulations 276 to 278.
For 掠冶nholes
formed by welding on p搜捕edframes 协
dished end plates 部 inF蝠. No. 366/1.
seanùess 始bes，
II
Minimum
thickness in.
Fusion welded cIass 1
Fusion welded Cla部 Upto and induding 24.
11 and Class III and
shells other th辜负
Over 24 and upto &
fusion welded
includ让\g 3岳
厂-1:二1
is Efficiency of ligaments between holes or
openings in shel1 expressed as a fraction.
Efficiet均 fact'or
Internal diameter ins.
Class萨cation
Wherefram邸，
in inche嚣，
intemal di础\eter in 泣时邸，
WP is Working pre路ure in lbs./叫. inch,
f is 黯ax协mm per血issible working stress as
prescribed in Regûlatión 271 or 350 whiéhever
is applicable in lbs./ sq. inch at 出.ewor始ngmetal
Class
of shells shall be as given in table
below:
怡mperatu血s.
O+T-.臼
where,
o
Minim姐n 出ickn础s
Boiler Regulations
.._____..11‘jIw
甲-町、-
E
0.90
0.75 if welded from both side
0.50 if welded from one side only
0.45
NOTE:
THE DIAMETER OF 岱王军 c。如径'军NSATINGP飞Aτ宦$民ALLNiσr
EXC黯DTWICEOFτHEoursID主 DIAMETER OF THE B.武ANCH
FIG. 36611 - ELLl PTICAL MANHOLE FRAME
WELDED TO DISHED END PLATE
Indiaη Boiler
Regu1ations
153
The value of E may be taken as ur让tywhen 也edìametral
cross-s能链。nal area of the compensating frame and/or
z如gisequal toor greater也阳出ediametralcross唱ectional
area of the op就宙飞gin 注le end plate to be comp铠lSated.
3/8 to 3/4
above 3/4 to 1
abo亨e lto 2
above 2
(2) Flat End Plates- The maximum working
welded in flat end plates 部 in Fig⑤
Nos. 365/2, 365/3 and 365/4 , shall be
determined by 注té following formula :一
。。…
m.
E
dL
nmm-um M--1153
制附一
Thickness 01 shell plate
'mrn川m
川I
川
?矗ble
M一
For ends which are butt welded to the cylindrical parts
of the shell 和e 位tickness of the edge of the flange for
connection to 也e cylir飞drical part of the shell shall be
notle部位翻出atrequ让ed for sea副部s unpierced shell
as determined by Equatìon 72.
(c) B黯nches- Where branches of saddles are secured
to the sheU by riveting or by studs, the minimum
thickness of the flange adjoining the shell shall be in
accordance wi也 the following table :一
HHm
严部sur宅 for
f !2
W.P. 嚣…-­
Cd2
The actual dimensions of the flanges shall be govemed
by the requirements of compensation for the opening.
The dimensions of 缸ànges of branches remote from
shell for ordinary bolted joints and those of bolts
of all pads and saddles shall be in accordance with
也.e appropriate table given in Appendix E for the
working pressure and 阳np臼a始re corresponding to
址\e desi伊 pressure and tempera灿re of the shell. The
dimensions of the flanges for special joints shall be
subject to approval of the Chief Inspector of Boilerf
concemed.
出e
where,
T= Minimum 泣tickness of end plate in inches,
d = Intemal diameter 、of shell in 加.ches，
W.P. = Working pressure in lbs./ sq. in吁
C = 0.28.
Max埠1山n pen时ssible
working stress in pounds per
sq. inch at working metal temperature as prescribed in
Regulation 271.
Where steels are intended for service at temperatures
in excess of 700 F.世\is shall be so stated and silicon
content shall not be less than 0.10 per cent or
altematively，也e material shall pass the 'Proof test for
creep quality of carbon steel plates of boilerplate
气uali泞， as in Append议 O.
o
Where flat end plates are bol栓d to flanges as in Fig.
365/5 校le dimensions of the fl相ges shall be as given in
Appendix E. The thickness of 出.e end plates shall be
not less 也扭曲的 ofthe ωrresponding flanges.
Where the diameter of a hole in the flat end plate
exceeds 2~ T + 2% inches compensation shall be
provided in accordance with Regulations 170 and 279.
The working pressure for the body of the branch shall
be determined by the equation as given 担 sub­
regulation 削 above subject to the re气uirements of
compensation for the opening.
Notwithstanding the result obtained from the e伊ation
body of 注le branches
shall be such 也就 inno case does the total stress,
resulting from the combination of the stress due to
intemal pressure and to all extemally applied loads,
exceed the permissible stress corresponding 抽出e
design temperature. The method of calcul剖ing the total
stress shall be subject to 位le' approval of the Chief
Inspec阳r of Boilers concemed. Where the magnitude
of the extemally applied loads c缸mot be determined,
也em让由num 世tickness of the body of the branch shall
be as given in the following table:-
在.e rr出也nu四 thic.垃\ess of 位le
伺￠
，，‘霉孟
urv川飞
••
'144
蠢
-Mddna
vvvob
o00'pa
eeemno
eeu-a
w
u
剧 Mmmafu.
iA 哩'巫
川 '1
1
.飞
i
Over 8 upto and includíng 10
Over 10
叭/吁
m.
Upto and including 21/ 2
Over 21/ 2 upto and including 4 1 / 2
Over 41/ 2 upto and including 8
bbb
ad
仙a
n
在
w
a'an
Minimum thickness of Branches where 军xtemal Loads are not known
Nominal bore 01 branch
Th ickness 01 cylindrical part 01 shell
Minimum body thickn酬
1窍，
for thinner shells nQt less than
one half the thíckness of the
cylindricalpart of the shell.
to approval of the Chief
Inspector of Boilers concemed.
S议bject
(0) Inspection During Construction… A丑 parts of steam receivers，军eparators catch waters and similar vessels
shall be inspected 挝 all appropriate stages of construction detailed in Appendix J of the Indian Boiler Regulations.
154
Illdian Boiler Regulations
367. Steel Screwed and Socketed Joints and Mountings of 5始el- Steel couplings or sockets may be used on pipes
the limits below :一
M aximllm penllissi告Ile pressure
陆拍nllm penniss泛的rASI仰
。c
Nominal bore
Lbs./sq. in.
Kg./cmz
Upto and induding 25 mm (1 in.)
175
12.25
260
Over 25 mm (1") upto and ìnduding 38 mm (1'//)
150
10.5
260
1药
8.75
Over 38 mm (1 1 / z") upto and induding 76 mm (3")
260
Over 76 mm (3")upto and încluding 102 mm 件")
260
1∞
7
120
8.5
177
Over 102 mm (4") upto and including 127 mm (5")
100
7
171
wi也in
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
component standard like 蹈， ASME， D时 etc.or
as calculated under relevant regulation of these
regulations are notexceeded.
Minimum specified tensile strength of screwed
pipes is greater 出an 330 N/mm2.
The minimum 在ickI恕ss of screwed þipes is not
to be less than that given in Table No. 1.
The design temperature does not exceed 495 0已
The pressure limits given in Table No. 2 are not
excεeded.
Screwed joints are permitted for temperatures in excess
of 4950C 缸ldp陀ssure in excess of 注lose given in Table
No.2 for instrument insertion and tapping and for plug
for access op臼ing for radiographic inspection provided
following conditions are 豁出fied:一
(a) They do not exceed50 mm nominal bore size or
onequ挝始r of riominal pipe size, which ever is
the smaller.
(b) The minimum thread engagement is not le部
than一
6 for up to and induding 20 mm nominal bore;
7 for over 20 mm up to and induding 40 mm
nominal bore;
8 for 40 mm up to and induding 50 mm nomina1
bore.
(c) The connection is seal welded.
(d) The design of instrument insertion wi也stands
the fluid characteristics, fluid flow and any
vibrations.
Screwed joints are permitted for pressure in excess of
those given in 专able No. 2 up to 345 bar for dead end
叫33
………寸'2)-Fressureorte凯perature -r夜tin吝如:…appropriate~
mw
∞∞∞ mJMW
4555hp
Screwed joints are permitted at 始mperaturesexceedings
2600 C and size or pressure limits in excess of those
given the table prov时刨出挝出e following condi挝ons
are satisfied, namely:一
(1) All threads are tapered unless pressure 悦ghtness
depends on a seal weld or a seating surface
other than the threads 都叫 experience or tes t
demonstrates the suitabi1ity of the joint.
‘
字
、
instrument lines at the outlet end and downstream of
shut off valves and 凶struments， control appara机15 or
discharge of a 附哼le cooler provide<J, that the nominal
bore size of the pipe does not 础ceed 12mm.
TABLE NO; 1
MINIMUM THlCKNESS .OF SCRE:W~D PIPES
M inim ll1 n thickness
Npmll1ll1 -1L呈阳坐监略时烟!llL… ß婴1'J7.5J2红舟r~挫m
P伊e
size
mm
Over 7 bar卢r water
7 bar and less for water
over 105"C
o't怒r
8
15
20
25
32
40
50
2.24
2.31
2.77
2.87
3.38
3.56
3.68
3.91
65
丘 16
80
5.49
10
lO SOC
mm
。 mm
3.02
3.20
3.75
3.91
4.55
4.部
5.08
5.54
7.01
7.62
TABLE I-运0.2
MAXIMUM PRESSURE FORSC靠在W军D PIPES
Mn ximllm pressJl re
Nominal pipe size
Bar
mm
Over 50 up to and induding 80
27.5
41.5
Over 25 up to and induding 50
Over 20 up to and inc1uding 25
即
103.5
Up to and induding 20
368. Bronze Screwed and Socketed Joints and
Mountings and Fittings of Bronze- Mountings and
fit出gs of bronze upto 76 mm (3") diameter may be
attached directly to steel pipes by screwing when the
pressures and temperatures do not exceed 8.5 kg/cm2
(120 lbs. sq. in.) and 2250 C (435 日 respectively; where
tapered threads are employed, such jo凶ts may be used
for pressures not exceeding 17.6 kg/cm2 (250 lbs. sq.
in.) Bronzefittings above 76 mm (3:1 diameter shall be
of flanged construction.
0
lndian
Boil佼 Re.伊lations
155
369. Reducing Valve- Wh ere a reducing valve is
instaUed in a pipe line, the pipe line and accessories on
the low pr础sure side of the reducing valve sha1l be
protected by a suitable safety valve or valves so adjusted
as to permit the seam to escape as soon as the 姐fe
working pressure is exceeded or by a suitable appli@ce
for cut出g off automatically the supply of steam as
割地'n as the safe working pressure is exceeded.
370. Flexibility一(的 The pipe shall be arranged so fhat
the system is sufficiently flexible to absorb, the whole
of their expansion and the 椒lposed movement of. the
connected equipment without the actual expansion
stre路。在) exceeding the allowable stress range (SA) as
is determined from the following equ挝ion:一
SA = f (1. 25 SC + 0.25 SH)
where,
SC = Basic material allowable stress at the minimum
(cold) temperature,
S过=. 8asic material allowable stress at m以imum(hot)
temperature,
S在=' Actual calculated exp缸lSion stress obtained from
注le stress analysis,
f 苓 Stress range reduction factors of cyclk conditi创$
for total number N of full 怡mpera如re cydes
over the total number of years dur坦gwhich 出e
system is expected to be in operation as given in
table below :
T ABLE- Stress Range Reduction Factors
N
70∞ and
Notes: 1.
2.
3.
4.
吨
F
1.0
7000 … 14，∞o
0.9
14，∞o 22,000
0.8
22，0∞- 45,000
0.7
45，。∞ -100，'∞o
0.6
1 ∞，000 and above
0.5
Value of SC and SH shall be guaranteed by the
manufacturer of ste哇 1 from which pìpes are made
and furnished to the pipe makers/Inspecting
Authority until such time such values of SC and
SH are incorporated in the Regulations.
In case of imported pipes conforming to a
recognîsed foreign sta n:dard or code the values of
SC and SH may be taken from the t在ble of allowable
stress as given in that code or the value may be
determiIWd on the basis given in that éode.
丁he 伽吨um of the longitudinal stress due to pressure,
weight and other sustained load inc1 uding bending
stresses caused by externalloads shall not exc树d
the allowable stress in the hot conditions (SH).
Where the sum of these stress is less than SH, the
difference between SH and this sum may be added
to the term 0.25 5日， in the above formula for
determining the al10wable stress range SA.
Ca 1culation of the expansion stress, SE shall be
based on modulus of elasticity at room
temper翠 ture.
less
(b) Where practicable, the requisite ftexibility shall be
provided in the layout of the pipes without having
recourse to special expansion bends or expansion 抖nt
except for the safety valves discharge piping. Where lack
of space or other considerati∞s prohibits the use of 位也
method，似pansion fit挝ngs like expansi!∞ jo.且ts or 始回
belows type of ∞rrugated pipes may be used provi曲d
that the limitations imposed by maximum design
pressure, drainage etc., are taken into account. If the
expansion fit自'lgs are used, detai1ed considerati∞ shall
be given to the design of anchors, guides and ties to
ensure 出at they adequately protect the exp缸lSion fitting
and accommodate the additionalloads due to pressure.
(c) Notwithstanding anything contained in dause 但)
of 也is regulation th~ complete analysis ofthe piping
system may be waived if the system meets any of the
following criteria:
(1) The piping system duplicates 飞 a successfully
operating installation orreplac~s 负 system with
as时isfactory .servíce record.
(2) The piping system can be adjudged ad吨uateby
compar忌。n with previously analysed system.
(3) The piping system is of uniform size with not
more than two anchors an:d no intermediate
restraints and 部tisfíed the following:一
DY
一一一一=
208
(L - U)2
where,
D = Nominal pipe size in rr皿，
Y 骂武部ultant of movements to be absorbed by
pipelines in mm. ,
L = Developed length of line axis in metres,
U 骂Anchor distance (length of straight line
joining anchors) in metres.
Notes: 1. If the system Ï5 not meeting the above criteria or
where reasonable do严，bt exist as in the ad叫uate
flexibility of the system, shall be analysed. on the
basis given in dause 例。f this regulation by
simplifi时， approximate or comprehensive
meth叫 s of analysÏ5 that are appropriate for the
specific case.
2. Approximate or simplified method may be
applied only if they are used for the range or
configurations for which their a 出quate accuracy
has been 命monstrated.
3. Data for thermal expansion, modulus of elastídty,
poisso衍 's r器材。， flexibility factors and stress
intensity factors may be taken from any c。由/
spedfica tion.
4. Nominal diameter and nominal thickness may
be used in the c在Iculation of expansion stress.
371. Pipe Work Suppórts- All .pipe work shaU be
ad叫uately supported in order to permit free movement
156
for expansion and contraction, and the amount of such
movement shall be proportioned throughout the whole
of any main by the provision of 白chors at suitable
points. Where pipes may be subject to vertical
movement , spring supports designed to carry the load
ünder all conditions shall be provided. It is desirable
由at points of supports should , as far as practicable, be
arranged adjacent to the pipe joints. Slings are in general
preferable to roller sllpports and these l~tter should be
used only where necessary. All pipe supports should
as far as practicable, be of mild steel and 'pipe anchors
either of mild steel or cast stee l.
3n; Drainage- (a) In the case of steam mains, attention
should be paid to the adequa te provision of drainage
points -in the form of drain pockets. Drainage_ points
éonnected to stre缸n-traps， shall be provided wherever
water can collect under working conditions. Haíld
drains shall be provided at all points at whiCh water
can collect in any portion of the steam main, by valve
waming up prior to use.
(b) Where practicable a suitable gradient shall be
provided in the pipe' work to ensure the passage of
condensed waterin the direction of flow of steam
towards the drainage póints.
(c) It is recommended that a by pass should be fitted at
each steam trap.
(d) Where the volume of wa怡r deposited is likely to be of
serious proportions, separator should be installed. Each
separator shall be fumished with a steam trap which
shall be connected to it by me~s of a 由ree-way cock one
end of which is connected to a manually operated dr副n.
373. Freedom from Rust and Other Foreign MatterAll pipes, valves and fittings shall be thoroughly cleaned
as far as possible of rust and othet foreign matter before
erection and pipe lines shall be blown through with
steam or air before being put into service.
374. Test Pressures一 (a) Each completed pipe and
fitting shall be tested by hydraulic pressure as per
reqllireìnent òf Chapter 11.
(b) Pipes and fittings wi由 flanges fór steam pressllres
exceeding 7 kg/cm2 (100 lbs. per sq. in.) shall 怡 tested
wi由 blank flanges bolted or clamped on. A l1 other
pipes, if straight, may be tested between the heads of
an ordina可 hydraulic pipes testing machine.
(c) 币le piping system shall" after erection, be subjected
to a hydrostatic test pressure. The hydrostatic test
pressure at any point in the piping system shall not be
less than 1.5 times the design pressure but shall not
exceed the maximum allowable test pressure of any
non-isolated com
Indian Boiler Regulations
any part of the piping system be subjec怡d to a stress
greater than 90 per cent of its yield strength (0.2 per
cent off set) at test tèmperature.
Notwithstanding anything contained in 由is clause, for
boiler extemal piping and non-boiler extemal piping
which are open to atmosphere such as vent and drain
pipes，也e hydraulic test for the portions of such pipes
located beyond the last isolation valve may be dispensed
with provided the weld joints in the pipe lInder
reference are tested 100% byapproved non-destructive
examination and found satisfactory.
(d) 5pecial arrangements shall be made, according to
circumstances, for testing bends and other fittings which
are not flanged.
(e) Hydral1 lic testing ofbutt welded and socket welded
joints shall be conducted either at makers work or at
l1ser's premises on completion of fabrication of pipes
by the Inspecting Authority.
jf)J:lydrQ些些 tic t些~li1}g一些ihkip些ed
pipes havi哩
attachments of flanges , fittings , butt joints, branch joints
and weldolets shall be done at manufacturer's works
or alternatively at site at 1.5 times 由，e design pressure.
Where hydraulic testing of fabricated pipe joints is not
carried out at manufacturer's works, dye-penetrant test
shall be carried out on the welded joints alongwith five
per cent radiography of such join怡.
CHAPTER IX
REGULATIONS FOR THE REGISTRA TION OF
BOILERS AND INSPEcrION OF BOILERS AND
STEAM-PIPES
375. 叮ne procedure to be followed in connection with
applications for the registration of a boiler and with
examinations ofboilers under the Act shall be regulated
in accordance with the provisions of 出is Chapter read
with the relevant Sections of the Ac t.
376. Preparations of Inspection- (a) At every examination of boiler or 也，e grant of renew a1 of a certificate, the
boiler shall be empty ar叫出oroughly c1ean in all its
parts. Except 臼 provided 出 for in sub-regulation (f) all
d∞rs of manholes, handholes and sigh世loles and c1e但由g
plll咀s and all caps in 也e leaders and mud drums of
water tube boilers, all fir哩bars， bearers, front plates, bridge
plates, fire bridges brick arches, oil fl1el bumers and
mψmωstoker fittings shall be removed. All valves
and cocks comprising the boiler mounting shall be opened
up and taken apart and the valves or cocks ground,
when necessary, before the Inspectors visit.
.. Note: In accordance with sections 7 & 8 of th啤 Act， inspectors
are requested to measure and examine boilers for
regi~tration， to e悦amine boilers for renewal ce此 ificates， to
dete~ne subject to the a
lndian Boiler Regulatiolls
(b) Provisìon shall, if requiFed by the Inspector, be
made for the removal of lagging or brick-work or 0出er
concealing part and for the dri1ling of plates, and for
verifying the pressure gauge and safety valve
dimensions and weíghts.
(c) All smoke tubes, exterior of water tubes, smoke
boxes, and external flues shall beswept cIean.
(d) Provision shall be made for the effective disconnectíon of a11 steam and hot water conununication
with another bo i1er under steam as required in Chapter
XI-A of these Re革ulations.
(的 No blank flange/plug shal1 be 如serted between a
safety valve chest and the boiler generally and where it
is permitted by the Inspector the blank flange/plug
shall be removed in his presence.
{存 At alternative annual inspections and subject to a
minimum of three boUom rows or a11 tubes su均ect to
the first pàss of heat being opened. up for inspection,
the Inspector may at his discretion relax the preparation
for 加spection called for under 但) above in favour of
boilers having an evaporative capacity of 200,000 lbs缰
per hour and over, and fed either water treated to the
satisfaction of the Inspectors.
(g) In the case of forced flow and for!ζed circulation
types of boilers , provisions shall be made for checking
由at proper circulation is main以ined through all sections
of the drcuit by the flow of water.
.377. Hydraulic test ofboilers for Registration- Every
boiler shall be hydraulkally tested in the presence of
an Inspector.
378. Preparation for Hydraulic tests- (a) The chest of
ali mounting subject to steam pressure shall be in pla优
and shut tight or blank flanged.
(b) The safety valves should invariably be removed
and the chest opening bla:ok flanged.
(c) The attachment for the Inspecto白 pressure gauge
shall be in order.
(d) All doors shall be properly jointed and tightened
up.τhe boiler shal1 be completely filled with water,
ca:re being taken to a110w a11 air to escape ar址， if possible,
a pre1iminary test not exceeding the working pressure
of the boiler shall be taken before the Inspector' s visit,
to test 血e tightness of the join怡.
气功When a boi1er is hydraulically tested for the first
t凶.e， it shall be entirely c1ea把d of lagging or brkk work;
at subsequent tests the lagging or brick work, or portions
thereof, shall be removedif requir时 by the Inspecto孔
Provided 出挝出e Inspector may, at his discretion, a110w
the lagging and þrkk work to remain in sit, in case of
boilers where the covered parts have been fabrkated
部ld tested b
157
379. Procedure of Hydraulic Tests(a) (i) Subject to the provisions of sub-regulation (的 of
regulation 381 , every boiler shall be hydraulìca11y
tested after erection 挝 site in presence of the
Inspector to 1% 出nes the maximum working
pressure as certified by the Inspecting Authority
in Form II, to be stamped on the boiler, as free
from any indication of weakness or defects.
(ii) If a11 componen 始 of the boiler in the
manufacturers's premises have not been tested
hydrau1ically as per regulation 268, the test, on
completior飞， sha lI be taken to 11h times the
maximum working pressure.
(íii) The temperature of the water used as medium
of pressure testing sha11 not be less than 200C
and grea ter than 50o C.
(iv) The test pressure shall be raised gradually under
proper control at a11 times so that it never exceeds
by more than、6% of 位e requirεd pressure and
maintained for 30 minutes whereupon the
pressure shall be reduced to maximum allowable
working pressure and maintained for sufficient
time to permit c1 0se visu a1 inspection for leakage
of pressure parts.
(b) The bQilcr shal1 satisfactorily withstand such
pressure without appreciable leakage or undue
deflection or distortion of its parts for at least ten
consecutive minutes. 日出e test is not satisfactory, the
working pressure al10wable by calculation shall be
suitably reduced, unless the owner desire茧 to make
such alterations as will enable the boiler to withstand
satisfactorily the hydraulíc test, in which case the boiler
shal1 again be examined after 航e alterations have been
made, the pressure reca1culated , if neccessary and the
boiler tested to satisfaction of the Inspector.
气c) At the fírst hydraulic test of a boiler prior to the
issue of an original certificate deflection measurements
shal1 be made before, durin每 and after test of each
fwnace length, fire-box and flat end or other plates.
(d) After the application of the hydrau1ic test the
Inspector shal1 carefully examine thc boiler inside and
outside and satisfy himself that it has satisfactorily
withstood the tes t.
(e) In any case in which the safe working pressure to be
allowed for a boiler cannot, owing to peculiar
construction of any of ìts parts, be determined by
calculation Ín the ordinary way, the h1spector sha11,
under the ζlirection of the Chief Inspector, subject the
boiler to hydraulic test for the purpose of det!创mining
白.e fítness of su企 parts. The amount of the test pressure
to be app1ied in such a case sha11 not
.Note: These deflection.measurements should be entered in the memorandum of Inspection Book 民fore its submissiOll to the Chief Inspector.
158
ca 1culation for other parts of the boiler or the
intended working pressure whichever is less.
(布他ould any part of 版 boiler show undue detection
or indication of permanent set during the progress of
位.e test, the pressure shall be released immediately
such indications are.observed. The working pressure
for the part shall be 40 per cent of 出e te仗 pressure
applied when the point of permanent s~t was reached.
百飞is pr民edure shall apply to anyboiler at any test.
(g) Hydraulic tests ofboilers atsubsequent examination
shall, except when the Inspector expresssly requires
otherwise, be made after the inspecfion. The test
pressure to beapplied to boilers at such subsequent
examinations shall bé from one and quarter to one and
a half time宇航e working pressureòf the boiler.
(h)When 由e 'h\tema1 construction of size of a boiler does
not permit of 也e Inspector ge时ng 且side it or of examining
C
c1c黯ely all its parts, he 由
slla11配e 技
i t tested by 执
1lydr
臼
缸叫
a
uùic
伊
p
re
臼
55
创
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阳
es
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挝吉
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………
(ωi
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s
Water 汩
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悦
e locomotive 守E严
3咒
e and a11 阳
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时
lla
缸rb
如
O让挠
.er指
be hydraulic臼ally tested at eachinspection for 白e
grartt 出 renewal of a certificate，时让您能 such test is
waived under the orders of the Chief Inspector.
。古le Inspector may if he considers itnecess(i ry, apply
a hydraulic test to any boiler at any inspection.
气k) 览xcept in the case of vertical boilers heating surface
of which is less than 18.50 sq. 肌 (2'∞ sq. ft.) portable
and vehicular boilers, which do not require re阳 erection
or building in brick work, the hydraulic tests of all
boilers shall be conducted only after the erection of 也e
boiler in situ and all boilers shall after re-erection in a
position different from that in which were last examined
be hydraulically tested.
{白
i号) A h)咖a
趴削
ulic 沁
tes
纣t shall als
仰
o be taken granting 扭
an1
increased pre臼ss川
ur陀
e certificate and after repairing a
四
er， \、飞寸、
bo诅er孔.二， H王owev
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悦
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四
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∞
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u
E怎lydr出ilic testing may be dispensed with provided NDT
is carried out by an approved method.
~m) When carrying ~ut hydraulic tesι Ins严ctors shall
use pressure gauges supplied by the Chief Inspector.
号80. Steam test伽… (a) Every newly registered boiler
and every oth衍 boiler of which the workin革 pressure
sh飞冻挝
挝i垃1
a
deflection measurements should be entered in the
mémorandum of Inspection Book before its sitbmission to
the Chief Inspector.
'Note: A steam test is primarily intended for the þurpose of
ascertaining by actl.lal test whether the safety valves are
suff气ient to reUeve boil",rs effectively of excess steam and
whether they operate at the time when the maximum
working pressure is reached雹 Inspector shall always send to
the owner due notice of the date fixed for the steam te然.
On completion of the test the Inspector should enter all
details Ïll the Memorandum of Inspectìon Books.
"Note:τhese
lndian Boí1er R喀1l1ations
has been altered shall, before the issueof an original or
renewa1 certifkate for such boiler, bè tested uiidei: steam
to the satisfaction of the Inspector.
在) At the time of test the safety valves shallbe left free
and capable of being adjusted to the approved working
pressure.
(c) After adjus抽出t of the valves to the correct blowing
p陀ssure the boiler shall be tried under full steam and
firing wi自 the feed water shut off and the stop-valve
c1osed, during which time the Inspector shall note the
accumulation of pr臼sure and other details of the 怡然
as well as the loading and adjustment of the safety
valves.
In the case of water tube boiler or boilers fitted wi注1
super heater, the feed water connection and stop valve
need not be shut off and if 也e total valve ar.仰 is lifted
and found to be adequate by ca 1c ulations , the
requirement of the accumylation test may be assumed
to have been 铅tisfied if the valves on each boiler and
必:ya1v.es此时LlifLsd 血aL.a证据a肌，whichι肌-be­
discharged with a pressure rise not exceeding 10 per
cent ofthe designed working pressure.
(d) Before the safety valve test, the Inspector sha11 satis马F
hi震撼elf that the water gauges are in working order and
that the feed appara仇IS is capable of supplying the
boiler with 5毛主任ident water.
{的 Where the State Govemment does not requìre a
person…·缸-charge of a boíler to hold a certificate of
compètency，出e Inspector may, when he 在inks fit,
satisfy himself by questioning or by practical te挝
whether the person-in-charge of the boiler understands
the use and purpose of 出e water gauges, the pressure
gaugé, the safety valves, the feed water-supply and
blow down.
(f) When witnessing safety valves tes乞Ir飞5pectors shal1
use the standard pressure gaúges 5叩plied by the Chief
Inspector unless 白e boiler pressure gauge has, since
the t放军\e of inspection, been test叫 and found correct
with an authorised testing machine.
也) No steam gauge shall be used without a syphon
filled with water between it and the boiler.
(h) When the accumulation of pressure at a ste缸n test
exceeds ten per cent of 由emax出\um working pressure,
the area of the safety valves shall be considered
insufficient, and a certificate shall be refused until the
safety valve area is increased.
。 An Inspector may, when visiting a factory for any
purpo舱" verify the correc如ess of the safety valves and
pressure gauge of any boiler under steam by
comparison with his standard pressure gauge.
381. Procedure for Registration-ωon receipt of an
application for registration under S
lndian Boiler Regulations
prepared for examination pro即edtome部ure incomplete
de饵il a1l its parts, ascertain the working pressure a110wed
by 位e Regulations by making a series of calculations
be灿g ba搅d on his measurement and if he is satisfied
wi出 the' corr时相.ess of the maker's certificate on 也e
dimension￥ andotherp挝ticular翠 rela自\gto 也e 校\aterial
and construction as sta除d there in [vide Section 14 往) (c)
of the Act and Regulation 4J. In making his ca1cula悦。邵
阳 sha1l after ex能挝nation of the m础:erial， take due account
of 自ew假如nanship and dεtails of the construction of
刷出 part. In his examination the Inspector may，证 he
deems necessary bore 由.e plates or 0也er parts to ascertain
their thickness and in m础ing his ca1culations he sha11 be
凯丘ded by the requirements of relevant Chapters of the
问~lati，∞S.
(b) If no formulae of co吃fficient applicable to any part
is contained in the relevant Chapters of the Regulations,
the Chief Inspector sha11 in hl~ discretion deterroine the
fi怕ess of such part.
(c).,The streng也 of the weakest part sc ca1culated or
subject to any discretionary power
exercised by the Chief Inspector, sha11 determine the
permissible workin吝 pressure.of the boiler. After
inspecting the boiler and ascertaining by the prescribed
C我lculations the maximum pressure at which the boiler
may be worked, the Inspector sha11 hydraulica11y test
缸ld steam翩test it in accordance with requirements of
京.egulations 379 and~80 and a provisional order under
Section 9 of the Act ìÌÌForm V -may be issued after the
hydraulic tes t.
d副总 rmined，
(d) The Inspec协r sha11 enter the above particulars and
dimensions of the boiler and calculations of strength of
the various parts, together with details of the hydraulic
andof 役'le steam tests, in a "沁1emorandum of Inspection"
恐∞k (vide Regulation 386) which, togeth衍 witha11 the
makers' papers for the boiler, sha11 be 问bmitted to the
ChiefI nspector with the Inspector's report under subsection (玛 of 5ection 7 of the Act ÌI飞 Form 1.
(e) Where a certificate in Form n and a Memorandum of
Inspection Book in Form 1 a泛仇uni由ed by an Inspec由19
Authority in accordance with sub-regulation (c) of
Regulation 4 the Insp配torsha1l， on l\阳iptofan ;:tpp呈cation
for registration under sub-section (1) of Section 7 of the
Act, proceed to make SUch examinationand measurement
of boiler as will satis守挺m 由at the boi1er is the one
certified by the Inspecting Authority and carry out a
由orough examination and check 出.e measurements to
ensure 血e correctness of 注'le Inspecting Authority's
cer耐ic
159
Then the Inspector is satisfied that the boiler has
satisfactorily withstood the test, he sha11 issue a
provisional order to enable the boilers to be wocl<ed.
382. Engraving of registry number
(a) The registry number of every boiler sha丑， within
a period of one month from the date of receipt
thereof be cut in the front plate or any such
position as sha11 be pointed out by the Insp时tor.
The device for each State and Union Territory
sha11 be distinguished by the following leUers:…
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
A&N
Andhra Pradesh
AP
Assam
A
BR
Bihar
Chattisgarh
CG
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
DNH
DU
Daman & Diu
Delhi
D
Goa
G
GT
Gujarat
Haryana
HA
Himachal Pradesh
HP
KTK
Kamataka
Kerala
K
Laccadive, Minicoy & Aminidivi Islands LI
Madhya Pradesh
MP
如1aharashtra
MR
Manipur
MA
Me挝\alaya
ML
Nagaland
NL
Orissa
OR
PY
Pondicherry
Punjab
时
Rajas油an
RJ
T
丁ripura
TR
Uttar Pradesh
UP
WestB中gal
WBL
在le dis岳王\g咄尬\g le忧ers shall be en萨'aved above a
number and separated 加血仇m by a horizonlalline 64
mm inleng也在'le letters and figurès shall be 25 mm in
~eight and of suiþble br四dth， provided 出at 泪 thecase
ofsma1l bo法.ers thè le民ersand figures of the device may,
in 佳时iscretion of Chief Inspec跳如时uced t010mm
in height. The whole sha11 快.enclosed in a rectarìgle，位le
upper and lower sides of whièb sha11 be 76 红unapattand
6 mm dear of the top of the lett~rs and the bottom of 技le
fi伊res respectively as indica毛时\below:一
Tamilnadu
I
lMR
i1234 I
In the ca捕 of registration of small industrial boilers,
‘ the letter "5" 5ha11 be added as a prefix to the registration
160
Indian Boi1er Regulations
number below the distinguishing letters of State or
Union Territories as indicated below:一
|UP
i5- …........ I
The side lines shall be at equal distance c1 ear from the
figures. The engraving shall not be less than 0.4弦盟\in
dep注1.
(b) The engraving shall be completed and
ready for verification within one month
from the date of receipt of registry number,
and the fact shall be reported to the Chief
Inspector of Boilers within 出is period.
(c) Boilers having registry devices different
from those prescribed herein shall have
such devices altered or crossed out and
engraved a new one inωnformity with
those prescribed above. The original
numbers of such boilers shall be retained
in the new devicε， provided that 怡和e
…始始时~bõ廷在s~WnlcÌ'Cwerë~î'吨裕fe始d-Ìí\ a
State or Union Territory which has since
become extinct, a new number shall be
given by the State or Union Territory where
the boiler is operaling. A number once
allolted to a boiler shall not be used again
for another boiler.
383. Measurement of Heating Surface…但) For the
purpose of regulating 主he area of the safety valves and
the amount of registration and inspection fees 和e
"heating surface" of a boiler shall be 位e total surface of
a11 p 1ates and tllbes 似posed to heat on one side and in
contact with water on the other measured on the water
side or the fire side, whichever is larger.
(b) For Lancashlre and Cornish boilers 出.e tota1 hea由19
surface shall inc1 ude the wetted surface of the fumaces
between the end plates，由e fire surface of cross tub创
wherefitted, and the part of the extemql shell below the
side flue covers. In estimating the areas fumaces shall be
considered as plain cy如1ders 血.e area of 也eir wetted
surface 由all be taken as their mean external cirα双双ference
X 也.e length of the boiler between end plates. For the
shell the width of 出挝 part of 出εcircumference below
也e flue covers sha11 be taken as = 2D, and 制s width +
the length between end plates shall be taken 部位earea
of shell heating sllrface. 百le p缸t of the back end p 1ate
exposed to heat sha11 be omitted from the ca1culation.
Examples- TJ:te formula for the total heating surface
of a Lancashire boiler having plain furnaces without
cross tubes is as follows :一
H.S. in square feet = 2 L (3.14 d +D). L is the length of
出e boiler between end plates in feet, d is the mean
extemal diameter of the furnaces 部 feet and D is the
坦temal diameter of the largest belt of shel1 in fe时，
(c) For steam and water dr山到 of water tube boilers the
heating surface of the drum sha11 be taken as half the
exte~ means circumference mu让iplied by the c1ear
length of drum between the outer brick wal1s or centres
of cross boxes, as the case may be. 古le heating surface of
the 抗tbes 必all be taken 部也e extema1 surface of the
tubes between the tube plates or heaters. 在le hea位19
surface of tl恕 heater sha11 be omi技ed from the calculation.
(d) For marine boilers of the fire-tube type the heating
surface shall inc1ude the wetted surface of the furnaces
between the tube plates (considered in the same way as
for Lancashire boilers) , the wetted surface of the
combustion chambers (less the area of the tube holes)
and the wetted surface of 出e 饥lbes between tube p 1ates.
The parts of the front tube plate exposed to heat shall
be omilted from the ca1culation.
(的 For locomotive type boilers the heatingsurface shall
inc1 ude the wetted surface of the firε-box above the
foundation ring (less the area of the 弘beholes and 撒e
firehole and rings and the wetted surface of thè t~tbes
-.õêtweêï1-tlle-石油谷严鼠际机也…面oKe-6岳王出6e尹刷
shall be omitted from the ca1culation.
。) For vertical boilers or ordinary type the heating
surface shall inc1 ude the wetted surface of the fite七ox
above the foundationring (less 由e area of fire hole and
ring and hlbe holes if any) and the surface of any cross
or other tubes and uptake below the lowest、waterlevef
shown in the gauge glass.
(g) For Electrode Boilers the heating surface shall bè
calculated as follows:
Heating surface
=
E
飞了
where,
E = the equivalent evaporation at 2120 F llnder
normalload , which X K W.
K W. = the kilowattsabsorbed at the stated vo1tage
whenthe-water 加拍è boileìhas a specificresistance of not less 也应 200 ohms per
inch tube at 1500 F and while the boiler is
delivering its normal Olltput of steam at its
working pressure with thεfeed water
temperature of 60 丑
0
(h) For any other heating surface not provided for in
the foregoing instructions the same general procedure
shaU be observed.
384. Boiler Rating- The boiler rating shal1 be the
(to the nearest whole number)
in the heating surface of the boiler as determined under
Regulation 383盔
nm口ber of square meters
385. Registration Fee… There伊ired fee to accomPan Y
an application under s始-section 肉。f section 7 of the
Act sha11 be :
.
Indian Boiler Reglllatiolls
161
Rs.
For Boiler Rating not exceeding 10
600
For Bo i1er Rating exc哇哇ding
10 but not exceeding
30
.q∞
For BoiIer Rating exceeding
30 but not exceeding
切咳∞
For Boiler Rating exceeding
50 but not exceed iI飞g
70
1100
For Boiler Rating exceeding
7Q but not exc四ding
90
1300
For Boiler Rating exceeding
90 but not exceeding
110
1500
For Boiler Rating exceeding
110 but not exceeding
200
17，∞
For Boiler Rating exceeding
200 but not exce窜出 ng
400
1900
For Boiler Rating 苦xceeding
400 but not exceeding
600
2200
For Boiler Rating 咄咄eding
600 but not exceeding
8∞
2400
For Bo iIer Rating exceeding
800 but not exce曹 ding
1000
27∞
For Boiler R..ting exceeding
10∞ but not ex创eding
1200
32∞
For Boiler Rating exceeding
1200 but not exc四ding
14∞
3600
For Boiler Rating exceeding
1400 but not exceeding
16∞
4200
For Boiler Rating exceeding
1600 but not exceeding
18∞
45∞
For Boiler Rating exceedìng
1800 but not exc哇哇ding
2000
5∞O
For Boiler Ratingexceeding
2仪刻 but not exceeding
22∞
54∞
For Boiler Rating exce母 ding
2200 but not exceeding
24∞
60∞
For Boiler Rating exceeding
2400 but not exceeding
2600
6300
For Bo iIer Rating exceeding
2ωo but not exceeding
2800
68∞
For Bo iIer Rating exceedìng
2800 but not exc槌 ding
3∞o
7200
Above 30∞ for every 200 or part thereof an additional fee of Rs. 2，∞ shall be charged.
,
Provided that the Chief Inspector may direct 出at no fee shall be payable in respect of a fresh applkation made in
pursuance of s峙-section (窍。f Sec tion 14 of the Ac t.
386. "Memorandum of Inspection Book- (a) A
381. Registration Book- (a) A Registration Book or
Memorandum of Inspection Book sha11 be pr叩ared for
each boi1er in Form I. In this book the Inspector sha11
enter in ink a11 particulars and dimensions of theboiIers
with the calculations for the various p盯ts in details,
partkulars of hydrau 1ic test and steam test and his
inspection no除s.
(b) At subsequent inspection Inspectors shall 四ter the
dates of the Inspections hydraulic tests and steam tests,
when such are made wìth 泣leir notes thereon.
(c) Inspectors should also enter in the Memorandum of
Inspection Book the geneal condition of the boiler and
of repairs, to what extent boi1ers have been deared of
brick work, etc. , a report of all casual visits for inspection
of repairs, for inspection of main steampipes, and
reports on acddents, etc. , in 出is way the Memorandum
of Inspection Book w il1 provide a useful record of the
boi1er's history for the ùlformation and guidance of
Inspectors at subsequent inspections‘
(d) On submissìon of the Memorandum Book to the
Chief Inspector he w il1 in the case of newly registered
boilers，也eck all particul础 and cakulations and approve
of the working pressu扭曲at is to be pe口ni伎ed. In the
case of old boilers, the Chief Inspectors w il1 examine the
Inspector's notes of inspection and propo铅Is made for
repairs or redud ion of pressure. A pressure once
approved for the boiler should not be altered without the
written authority of the Chief Inspector.
copy of Memorandum of Inspection Book containing
a11 the particulars required for registration sha11 be
maintained in the office of the Chief Inspector Î11 Form 1
and any orders passed by him regarding the boHer shall
be entered in the registration Book under his initials.
(b) The Chief Inspector should also see that the note of
subsequent inspections entered in the Memorandum
of Inspection Book are copied in the Registration b∞k
,
• Th e Memorandum of Inspectìon 800支 should always be kept clean
and upto-date Inspectíon Books except when actua \l y r桂qUl r昔d by
the Inspector, should be filed in the office of the Chief [nsp仅tor ，
Record萨一(的 The Inspecting
Authority shal1 maintain the records pertaining to 位也
boileror 出.e Economiser, as the case may be, induding
a11 the certificates in the prescribed forrns , namely Form
III-C, Form IV, and Form V.III and the copíes of 位￥e
approved drawings for a period of at least 3 years after
registration of the boi1er. Thereafter these records rn.ay
be sent to the owner of the boiler by the Inspecting
Authority.
。) The owner of a boiler of econo四iser shall main祖m
the records pertain剖g to the boiler of economiser as
the case may be , induding the copies of the in forms 日，
I1-A, III-B, IV and VII and the copies of the approved
drawing for the entire life of the boiler or economiser
as the case may be.
(c) In the event of any transfer of the ownership，位w
records mentioned above sha l1 be transferred to 枝￥e
new owner and the new owner w il1 maintain the record
ìn accordance with the provision of dau促 (b) above.
381A. Maintenance of
(d) The manufacturer of boiler of economiser or steam
pipe shaIl maintain the record p町taíning to the boiler
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d
T卢
黑立的…出叫时
段段时t
响m常出叫叫做也克
m拉
m…
M向
U23
机放出时
位均〕州时巾…白如:如叩叫出向
牛
坦问刷刷r
问M几
rs-2可瞅瞅创立
m刷
u飞
军由相叫刷
工d
假部
日
-m甜
f地叫血士如江白宫立
帧江均创描唰d阳
销
m创
am
即向且也取出抗均叭叭队叫时
说忡忡旷立即常
3川
3ω
remarks should be as bríef as possible.
川出………叫出土黯……叫←…一
如…附带…点叫嚣摆出…吼
幽
船t
舶
ryYMMZgdr
zL
tmaT如Z
mg
f5odmhr 哈
精 η\e 1部pectors
∞
m
m问
阴
阳
怪
叫
目
ω
叫
蔚
蓝
也
譬
如
岳
阳
问
咄
咄
吼
叫脱罪…班立即叫嚣二吵得黯芷挣
2泣
叫刷
emM
出mL 巾
阳节苦创刊玛叫:政
如刷附注
r创舶工 pw
t
M
叫
阴
阳
山
时
阳
叫
b
山
m
岭
阳
岛
出纠扭扭…叫"
叫z
她z
却h
叫k且
m常叫啡时向r
…
击节
…配器器问…黯…出如此时叫嚣叫……
162
If the inspector decides that a boller in one or more of
its parts is no longer fit for the pressure approved for 泣，
he must without delay report his proposal for reducing
出e pressure to the Chief Inspector and 挝 the same
time submit his calculation for 吐\e wasted p缸ts for
check and approval of pressure.
With regard to 出.e pi役ing and wasting of shell plates,
注\e Inspector should bear in mind that shell plat础 may
become redu部 in 刷ckness to an appreciable εxtent
and still be stronger than longitudinal s础ns.
All flanging shall be thoroughly inspected and
particularly 白.e flanges of circular and plates that are not
stayed. Inte口tal grooving in the fillet of such heads and
extemal grooving in the outer surfaces ofheads concave
topressureisverycommonsincethereisslightmovement
lndian Boiler ReguÙltions
in the heads of 役ùs character whicl飞 produces 俭让s 挝nd
of defect. Some types of boilers have what is known as
也e OG or reversed f1ange construction in some of 出位
parts thatmay be inaccessible to theeye,bl必也e ∞ndition
shall be detem也.edby 份le 总sertion of a m泣。rwhichat
a proper angle will re f1ect back to the eye the condition
of 阳也 a place, or any other feasible manner.
(d) Stay萨时 Al1 踊ys， whether diagonal or 血rou静，
shal1 be exan:由\ed tonote 也at they 盯e in even tension.
A l1 fastened ends shall be ex缸nined to no毛e whether
cracks ,exist where the stays are punched or dr去11ed for
rivets or bolts and, if not found in proper tension, the
Insp配tor should recommend the Îl' propertension，自e
Ins严C去。r should r缸。黯mend the Îl' proper adjus恤.ent.
(的 Manholes and Other Openings-…白le m叙lhole
andother reinforcing plates，部 well 础 nozzlesoro也.er
c∞nection f1anged or screwed into aboiler, sha延 be
ex栩如.ed intema抑郁 we11 as ex枪口稳11y to see 位\at
they are not cracked or deformed, and wherever
possible observation shal1 be made for the 如side ofthe
boiler, as 如 the thoroughness with which its pipe
g∞nec总.ons are made to the boil辄 Al1 openings to
ex始放回 attal出ment嚣， such as water ωlumn connections,
01础lings in dry pipes and opening to 黯fety valves,
吐lal1 be noted to see 白at they are free from obs饺uctions.
份 Fire Surfaces一Bulging， Blistering, Leaks…
Pa碍cular attention shal1 be given to 也e plate or tube
surface exposed to 白efire‘The Insp就tor shal1 observe
whether any part of the boiler has become deformed
dur如gopera泣。n by bulging or blistering; 也eformeris
a distortion of the entire 位úckness of the plate or tube
where it takes place, while the lattεr is a lan:únation or
sep缸ation of the plate due to forging materìal being
embodedin 也e ìngot before the plate is ro11ed. 在 bulges
or blisters are of such size as would seriously weaken
the plate or tube and especial1Y when 也e leakage is
noted comìng from those defects, the boiler shal1 be
discontinued from service until the defectivepart or
parts have received prope主 repairs.Ca肥东.ù observation
shal1 be made to defect leakage from any po撼。nofthe
boiler 阳时拟招， par挝cularly in the vicinity of s销时
部d tube ends. Fire tubes sometimes blister but rarely
col1apse, the Inspector should look 役lIough 出e tubes
for such defects and if 也ey are found with a sufficient
degr肥 of distortion 由ey should be removed.
(g) Lap Joints，扭扭 Cracks…Lap才oint boilers are apt to
crack where the plates lap 抽出.e longitudinalor s位ai萨\t
seam; if there is any evidence of leakage or other
di
163
(h)T创啦19Staybol岱…白如e Ins严ctorshal1惚st staybolts
by tapping one end of each bolt with a hammer and
when practicable a hammer or other heavy tool should
behE州 on 仕恕。P严lSÌte end to 1I混抬出e test more effect主ve.
白宫、.bes-…伽eir defec蚀" elc.(i) Tubes in h。由∞tal fire tube boilers deteriorate
more rapidly at 位le ends toward the fire, and
they should be carefully tapped with a light
harnmer on their outer surface to 部certam
whether there has been serious reduction ìn
泣úckness. The 饥ibés or vertical tubul缸 boilers
are more susceptible to deterioration at the upper
ends operl when exp部ed to the products of com幽
bustion without water protection. They shot.ùd
be reach时都 far 部 possible eith自由rough 出e
handholes if any, or 拙spected at the ends.
(盐)百le surfaces shouId be carefully ex扭曲ed to
detect bulges or cracks, or any evidences or
de~配tive welds. Where there is a strong draft 由e
‘
tub硝 maybecome 白如nedby ∞rrosi∞ produced
by 注le
impingement or partid部
of 扣elar吼臼h
or 应e 加proper use of s∞t blowers. A le地 fro皿
atube 始quently cau燃烧r抽出 corrωive action
on a number of 灿bes in i始注宿将diate vicinity.
(ili) Where short tubes or rupple!? are employed in
joìning drums or headers, there is a tendency for
wasteproducts of 佳飞e fumace to lodge ìn 轨.ejunc­
tion points and such deposits are likely to cause
corrosion 迂 moisture is.present. Al1 such places
should be thoroughly cleaned and 拟an:úned丽
。) Ligarnents between Tube Holes…The 豆.gaments
between tube hole吉 in the heads of al1句rpes of firφ阳.be
boilersandinshe11s ofwater-tubeboilers 也ouldbeex部挝­
ned' If leakage is no时， it may denote a broken ligarnent.
(k) Steam Pockets- Steam pockets on surfaces are
some位mes found in new or replacement work, and
wherever，设ús is possible or，挂kely 出e Inspector should
make observation and, if any are found , recommend
出e necess配y changes.
(1) Pipe Connection and Fittings…The steam and water
pipes, including connections to the water column, shal1
be examined for leaks, and if any are found it should be
determined whether 出ey are the re阳lt of excessive
strains due to expansion and contraction, or oth，衍
causes. 在1忽 general arrangement of the piping in regard
to the provisions, for expansion and drainage, as wel1
as adequate support at 仕\e proper points, shal1 be
carefully noted. 在le location of the various stop valves
shal1 beob阳rved to 配e that waler will not be pocketed
when the valves are closed and thereby establish cause
for water砸hammer action.
古le arrangement of. connections between individual
boilers and the main steam pipes shal1 be espe
lndian Boiler Regulatωns
164
. •noted to see 出at any. change of position of the bo i1er
due to setting or other causes, will not produce an
undue strain on the piping.
It shall be ascertained whether all pipe connections to
the boi1er possess the proper strength in their fastenings ,
whether tapped into the boi1er, a fitting, or flange
rivetted to the boiler.
白\e Inspector sha11 determine whether there is pro叫sion
for the expansion and contracpon of fuch piping, and
由at there is no undue vibration tending to crystalize
仕\e parts subjected to it.白白 inc1udes all steam and
water pipe and special attention should be given to the
blow off pipes with their connections andfittings ,
11 战ecause 由e expansion and contraction due to rapid
change in temperature and water-hammer action create
a great strain upon the entire blow off system, which is
moreprono山\ced when a number ofblow off pipes are
joined in one common discharge. The freedom of the
blow off connection on each. boiler shall be tested
wheneverpossible • by--opening-thevalve--for a few
seconds, at which time it 'can be determined whether
仕\ere is excessive vibration. Blow off pipes should be
free from extemal dumpness to prevent corrosion.
•
‘
(m) Water Column一 The piping to the water column
shall be carefully noted to see 由at there is no cha,nce of
water being pocketed in the piping forming the steam
connection to 由e water column. The ste缸n-pipe should
preferably drain towards to the water column. The
water pipe conneètion to thewater column must drain
towards the boiler.
The relative position of the water column tothe fire
surfaces of the boi1er shall be observed to deten咄咄
whether the column is placed in accordance with the
Regulations. The attachments shall be examined to
determine their operating condition.
(n) Baffling-Water-Tube Boilers- In Water-Tube
boi1ers, it should be noted , as far as possible, whether or
not the proper baffling is in place. In many types of
boilers the absence ofbaffling of ten causes high temperatures on portions of the boi1er structure which are not
intended to be exposed to such temperatures, from
which a dangerous condition may result. The locatioh of
combustion arches with respect to tube surfaces shall be
carefully noted. These are sometimes arranged so as to
cause the flame to impinge on a particular part of a boi1er
and produces overheating of the materialand consequent
danger of the rupture of the part.
(0) Localization of Heat- Localization of heat brought
about by improper or defective b
(p) Suspended Bo i1 e rs- Freedom of ExpansionWhere boilers are suspended 由e supports and setting
shall be carefullyexa,rr\.ined specially at points where
the boiler structure comes near the setting walls or
floor. Often accumulation of ash and soot will bind the
boiler structure at such points and produce excessive
strains on the structure owing to 由e expansion of the
parts under operating conditions.
(q) Safety Valve s- As the safety valves are the most
important attachments on the boi1er，由ey shall be
inspected with the utmost caution. There should be no
accumulations of rust scale, or other foreign substances
loca ted in the casings so as to interfere with the free
operation of valves. The setting and freedom of the
safety valves should be tested preferably by raising the
steam pressure to 由e blow-in-off point, or if this cannot
be done , the valves shall be tested by means of the t可
levers to certain if they are free. Where the steam
discharged from a safety valve is led through a pipe the
Inspector shall determine at世\e time the valve is operating
whether or not the drain, openi
让ir且\g in the discharge pi毕
pe
i恒sf仕re
四
e.an
缸ndJna
配
cc
∞
Qt
，d缸
时 anc
四
ewiththeR
，贻
.egt
伊datωiωO~lS
畸s.
If the Inspector deems it necessary, in order to determine
the freedomof discharge from a safety valve, the
discharge connections should be removed. Under no
circumstances should a stop valve be permitted between
a boiler and its safety valve.
(r) Steam Gauges- The s怡amga闻自 on all boilers shall
be removed and the Inspector shaI1 test them and compare
their readings with a standard test gauge. The readings of
由este缸ngaug臼 sha11 be observed and compared when
making an inspection with stt:!am on the boiler. whcrc
severa1 boilers are inservlceconnected toacommon steam
main. 白\e location of the steam gauges shall be noted to
see whether or not it is exposed to high temperature either
extemally, as would be the case if placed c10se to 址、e
smoke flue or other high heated p缸t of the boiler or
setting, or exposed to heat intemally due to lack of
prot配tion of the gauge spring with a proper syphon or
trap to prevent steam from coming in contact with 出e
spring. 白\e Inspector shall see 由at 由e provisions are
made for blowing out 由.e pipe leading to the steam gauge.
391. Calculation of Wàsted Shell一 (a) When any part
is wasted and 由.e Inspector is doubtful of its fitness for
the pressure , he shall cause one or more small holes to
be bored and from them ascertain the average thickness
of the parts from which he can sa位sfy himself by
calculation in accordance with the formula a
W.P.=
2t x 5
DxF
Eqn. (96)
.
lndian Boiler Regulations
165
where,
ts 也ickness
of wasted plate, where 出innest，
叫叫且··
of 4C泡。C and abOve induding u tll.ity or industrial
boilers and all boiler parts op斜'ating in the creep
range of the boiler shall be non-d部quctively
tested as per the table 1 given below jáfter they
are in operation for 1,00,000 hours for .assessment
of 也e remanent life of 航，e partsj
minimum tensile strength of material of shell in
lbs. per sq. in. ,
D= interna1 diameter of shell in inches,
F= factor of safety, which shall not be less than 4.
391此 Ageing of Boilers- (a) Shell Type Boilers :
(均In order to take the ageing effect on boiler窑，航e
working pressure of the parts of them as
calα.tlatedfrom 位.e formulae i且也e腿 re忽必ations
shall be reduced as per the table given bleow:
TABLE
Age ú! boiler
却 35 45 50 60 70 80 到 100
exo哇哇ding (in yeais)
Maximum permitted 95 90 85 80 70 60 50 40 30
working pressure
peroent.
(ii) The parts of a boiler when itωmpletes a life of
years 缸e to be tested 部 per table 2
for 部部ssment of the remanent life of such parts.
twenty five
If results are acceptable as per the standards
laid down by the Central Boilers Board, a
certificate shall be issued by the Chief Inspector
of Boilers for extending the life of the boiler for
afur仕\er period of t.四 years or such less period
as recommended by the Remanent Life
Assessment Organisation. This assessment of
remanent life 怠hall be carried out 也，ereafter ev臼y
five years by 也，e org缸让sati∞s wor挝Z胃部也e
field of boile路 and remanent life and ext回到∞
孰，ereof after such organisation is approved by
也.e Central Boilers Board.Such org缸úsation 由all
work in dose coordination with the office of
τechnical Adviser (Boilers) in the field of
remanent life assessment ai1d extension. τhe
working pressu招 of such boil，的 mayberedUQ!d
on 在e recommen-dations of 5uch approved
organisation.
(ii) For those boilers..the plate嚣。，f which have @lready
beencutand 梅ted shall be given a further lease
of life of f证句r years from the date of test of the
boilers. The working pr辅相re that shall be
allowed after the 始sting shall be reduced as per
the table given below:
TABI.忘
p，号riod
愉t
after dat暗 of
(in years)
20
10
30
40
50
Notwi也5t甜dingany也ing contained in thi怒 re伊lation，
Maxim回到 working
for boilers working at a pressure less 血的 50 kg/cm2,
such elaborate remnant life assessment is not
mandatory. However, in suchcases, drums and headers
of such boilers sha1l be 拙spected by Ultrasonic tes出唱，
Magnetic partide t锦位\g and Dye penetrant test.
pressure al10wed
(per怨怨tage)
80
90
70
50
30
(b) Water Tube Boilers :
(i) The boilers which are opera.位\g ata t您mperature
metre
and
thic.堂"
ness
3
Ye革
Yes
Yes
Yes
VHH
-m也
No
Dia嗣
它
No
Outside
一池一w
战
阳仰吵'附"伽
Yes
8-2胁
2
Yes
header
且，.
旷
ction
S
Yes
Yes
Yes
俯除 -m
ln锣公
…协…闹一战
No
ling
y
Yes
San驴
c.a tion
…
Ew…
m油
Yes
Repli蹦
Dye
Penetrant
6
3-k
…w
陆
A忧暗mpera沁r
同V‘d
酌响
grum (Steam)
water drum
Low Tempera阳re header
…
EEW
TABLE 1
L句就id
问LmM
t
2
川在惊惊4…Z坠胁
也帽
司，.
?MSg
-nHHM
明
"-un …
J
Visual
HUO
Ccmponent
Yes
Hardness
ih-h-w 12
Yes
Swel1 m踹瑞
嚣uremeant
HighTe黯，perature
Economi拇r tub制
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Low Tempera切re
E∞nomiser Tubes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Y臼
No
Yes
No
No
Convection 忌lper­
Yes
No
No
No
No
Y翻
Yes
Y曹$
No
Y曹S
he蘸ter
Othm
Coils
(Co ntd...)
u
166
btdiall Boiler Regulations
一陆
12
Non-destructive oxide thickness inspection
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Nn
Yes
No
Yes
Final Superheater Coils
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Reheater Coils
Yes
No
No
No
Nci
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
High temperature headers
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Final Superheater header
Yes
Yes
No
/ Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Swell measurement
Reheater headers
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Swell measurement
MainS惚ampiping
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
…一… -Flaten…Super- ←一 ----Yes--一血~es …一一 No 一 ---Yes
Yes
十
No
•
--No- 唱一--.)'es ←← ---~es→--Yes …
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Economiser header
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Anxilliaries
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Boiler Bank tubes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Water wall
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
由、
叩巾
Yes
咱‘白、
Yes
可h
heater header
-ug
DAKH
,", SEer
Et
VE-aS
..,
..
ip1
Furnac理 Water
walls
ut
10
一陆
一陆M -M
-M一M
陆-M-M
-M
M-M
口
9
月
Dill-
meter
alld
thickness
FC'""c
Hard- Othness ers
-uιvn
Outside
1
8
-M-M-M一M
陆-MM
-MM
陆-M一M
陆
7
陆-M-w-w-w-w-M-M-
陆
M-hzh-M-MM-M-一
M-M
p/i ng
h-w一M-M-w-w-M-M
陆M
netic
Dye cation
par- Peneticle
tra7zt
i nspe- i nspection
ction
3
6
2
4
5
w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w
-M-M
一闯M
一
-陆
M
M-M一
-闯
M一
-陆
M一陆
Sllm-
-M一M
陆-M
一M
陆
M-一
M陆一
-陆
M-M-M-
Rep /i-
叮 1 …阮
它
Liqllid
·切Mm·-m
TABLE 2
Mag-
ω 川剧·时
---6··
HUAUGM
!JMSE
h" 四""H
飞队
B
咆
trM
Drum (Steam)
Water drum
Economis暗r Tubes
Convection Superheater Coils
primary S呗perh臼怡 rCoils
Final Superhea惚r Coils
High 惚mperature headers
Final Superheater header
Economiser header
Anx i1iaries
Boiler Bank Tubes
Water wall
Main Steam Piping
Visllal
'
间 Lm阳·
勺W
OA飞
1
→
11
Yes
Prefinal Superheater Coils
Component
ι
"-M
8-M
6
一陆
Primary Superheater Coils
5
1
一陆
一陆
4
3
(Contd...)
12
w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-M-w-w-w
M-M-M-M-M-M-w-w-M-w
lndian
Boiler 峭UÚltions
167
3纯. I:tepa~， to Boiler and Steam P协← (a) 坷。r
rep挝路扭曲部 fusion welded. or riveted pa烛臼 toshells，
也怜。x部部祺瑞dpla憾。，fboilers and ex蚀nsivebuil出ng
呼。fw部饺d
parts of boilers pem垃出d under 也确e
of fumaces and end pla烛，
parts of sh错， fire boxe嚣， girde怒 and 岱程l-pip已棍，
shall ∞lybeen坟usted to a rep位erwhocan 崎忡e
Chief Inspector regardin喜出e qua1ity of welding and
o出er repair done by his Organisation and all 0自由 minor
repa让s whicl飞 may be detem也ed to be minor by the
q臼f Insp前torathisd泌α甜.onmaybeen位usted. to any
R鸣叫ations，他 renewa1
Z哼缸rer.
countersunk headed 挺rew pins.
{斟叮将由k油ess of a patch plate shall not be le铺位1an
theoriginal 也ickne甜甜由e p 1ate which it is used to
patch.
(b) Welding'…白\e repairer shall satisfy the Chief
Inspector(i) 出at
问 Patches for fire exposed plates shall be fitted metal
to metal wi位10ut joint of any d臼crip悦。'n. 白te affected
part shall be cut 0时， leaving the comers of the hole
rounded.. P枕命es shall be secured., wherever possible,
'properly spaced rivets with a wid出 of plate at least
吨ual to 生he diameter or rivet betw臼写出.e ed.ge of the
rivet hole and 在.e edge of the plate. Where rive自\g i参
加严部锐cable，也e plate sha11 be secured. by welt fit岱ng
the electric arc or oxy-acetylene welding
setsand 础。由er tools and plant in his possesion
for carrying out repairs are suitable for the work
undertaken.
qua1ity of material used. conforms 抽出e
specificatioI输出at are prescribed..
(码也就位\e
superviso巧r and operational staff
employed by him possess the nece军部rytraining
and experience for the work under taken.
(iii) that the
(iv) 孰at
a11 welders employed by him possess
issued as required under Chapter
XIII of these Regulations.
cer位ficates
(v) standard of work should be of high order and
comply with a11 the requirements and test 出at
may be prescribed by 出e Chief Inspector.
(c) Riveting and Other R叩airssatisfy the Chief Inspector:
白\e
Repairer shall
(h) Bulged or distorted fumaces of circular section m町，
if the bulge of distortion is not too great, be pressed
back to shape.
(i) Circular fumaces horiz∞tal boUers thathave become
distorted may be suitably reinforced.
。) Anti-collapse 出gs shall be of substantial section
ei也就 of single or double angles bolted back to back
wi白 screw stays not less than 7/8也 inch 监 diameter
and about 7 incl飞es in pitch passed 也rough flat of angle
and screwed. into 岳飞.e fumace，血e ends b由19 ei出.er
rounded. or riveted over on the fire side and fitted with
stay bolts shall be fitted wi出
fe.衍ules not less 钱an 1 inch i...L dep在 between fumace
and angle 加莓，
nu始就岛eo出能The
(k) Welding shall not be accepted. for the repair of any
part of a boiler for which welding is forbidden for a
new boiler under these Re gulations. Boiler shells shall
not be repaired by welding beyond the filling up of a
small isolated corroded or pitted part or the making up
of wasted edges of openings.
(i) that he possesses 出.e necessary equipment and
t∞，ls and engages trained 臼dexperi阻cedwork­
men and staff for the work underwork taken.
(1) Cracks or grooving in dished. or flat end plate of
cylindrical shells or in the bends of fumace ílanges in a
circumferential direction may be weed out and welded.
(放 stanð.ard of work should be of a high o:cder and
(m) Wasted pa出 of circular fumaces and fire boxes
and 班re exposed flat plates as in rectangular fire boxes
and combus位on chambers may be cut out and be
replaced by new pieces welded in or 出ey may be built
up by weldin.各 Longitudinal cracks in circular fumaces
andfiÍ'e七oxes and cracks in rectan部.ùar fire七。χesand
∞mbus钱。nchambe.括黯ay be welded.
comply wi也a11 也e requirements and te然也at
may be prescribed by the Chief Iru.i'ector, and
公主 materia1 used shall be of bo挂在每ua革ty.
(d) 在\erepa加 should be supervised, so far as his 0也就
duties permit by 也e Inspector wh白自e fire boxes and
smoke tubes of 1悦。motive túbe boUers are withdrawn,
放leoppo时unity should be taken to inspect 出eintemal
parts which are otherwise inaccessible to close
inspection.
(e) Repairs to boUer, shells shall be effected
ei出.er by
patching o~ by removing a stripe of wom or damaged
plate and inserting the new strip wi出 covering straps
over the longitudinal butt ends, the strength of the
riveted joints to be not less 出m 出at of the longitudinal
i。如ts of the shell.
如)
NoStay shall be welded.
(0) For the purposes of 融部eRe思主lations renewed part
shall be deemed. to be part嚣。，f a new boUer intended
for use at the pressure at which the boiler un指rrenewal
is u s e d . \
…
(p) Butt Welding of Smoke Tubes Smoke tubes may
be butt welded either by fusion welding, flush welding
or oxy-acetylene welding, and these should be tested
hydraulically at the discretion of the Chief Inspector.
lndian Boiler Regulations
1岱
393. Submission of manufaduring drawings and the
particulars ofboile栩如 advance-叫树 h 血时槌eofland
boi1ers madein India for use in the States, the
manufacturing drawings and 由.e particula1'5 of materials,
d臼i萨 and construction of boile1'5 shall be submitted by
也.emak缸sof 也.e boilers to 也e Insp就位\gAu白ority of
佳隙 S饭饱， where the principal parts of 白e boilers will be
g回\ufac阳red， for examination and 叩proval before
∞'DUll部.cementof 由e manufacture of b。如1'5.
(b) In the case of boilers made outside India for use in
the State, the manufacturing drawings and pa.rtia南部
of 血.e material, desi萨 andcons位uction， of boilers shal1
be submitted initial1y tothe 主\5pecting Au血。rity in the
coun饺y of manufacture for examination and approval.
亚\e manufacturing drawings and 在e particulars of
materia15,' design 翻dcons位uction 扭曲.e case of fired
boilers of steam genera位ng capacity 100 Tons/hour
ahd above and that of Waste heatboiler of 20 T假\5/
hourandaboveshal1生hen be submitted to 出eTechrúca1
Adviser 得oilers) for selection of latest materials with
hi庐←牛~~gtl'l~..and u些旦与1←掉拉 Je 1Il..P雪~~.阳re.… ang
pressure, energy conserva泣。'n and increased thermal
efficiencyand remote control and instrumentation for
也e 锦fety of 位e Boilers.τ'hereafter， the manufacturing
drawings and the particulars of materials, design and
cons位出"∞ shal1 be 锦'nt to 也e Chief Inspector of
Boilers of 出e State where the boiler will be installed
andu槌d， for final examination and approval before
commencement of manufacture so as to avoid qu臼tion
. arising at 出e 位me òf erection and registration of the
boiler.
(c) 币le Inspecting A u注\ority or the Chief Inspector or
both, as thecase maybe, sha盐， after examination of the
g城nufacturing drawings and the par悦.cul缸5 intimate
to the proposer whether 也.ey are satisfied with the
materials, design, construction and fi帕西sof 出e parts
for the intended pressure and, if not, wh挝 modificatiòn
is necessary therein. When the ma副主facturing drawings
and 也.epar钱culars of boilers have been approved, the
k昂ector in making his examination shal1 see 血时也e
d剧增\and 血ep缸ticulars ofω部优uction 部 approved
have been careful1y followed and that 底e material
. corresponds with 也.e apprpved particulars.
(d) 白le fe部 for
the scrutiny of 血e manufactu由19
drawings and the particulars of the materia15 desi萨
and construction of boilers under sub-regulations (a)
假如) shal1 be on the scale prescribed in regu1ation 385
sub才配t to a maximum of ru严部 20，∞0/黯. When the
manu-facturing drawings have been scrutini锦dandin
respect of them a1terati∞5 have been 窑ugge
(的 η\e
arrangement draw始gs showings the broad
details of modifications or conv配si~s of the existing
bo远.er shal1 be subj配t to the approv a1 of the Chief
Inspector of Boilers of the State where the boiler is
intended for modificati∞ or conversion is registered.
俯在 the detailed manufacturing drawings. are got
approvedby 也e Inspec出gAu曲。rityof 仕\e State where
parts will be manufactured and inspected, no separate
compliance of sub-regula栋。，n (的 is required.
394. Inspections of Steam Pipes-翩翩 (a)Ste但n pipes shall
be 如spec能dand hydra叫ical1y 怡S恰d before e黯ction in
,
pla俑， in 惚stpressure 协 bethatprl街口ibedinthes饭nd红d
conditions for steam pipes. A certificate from the
Insp民检19Au啦。rity in Form m A, sta出唱出at 血ishas
been done byhim may be accep怡d. If the Inspector is
锦创.sfied wi白白e 铃貌，出.epi严s may be el'ected in p崎ition.
币\e Chief Ins严ctor 公况且 intimate his approval to 出e
owner regarding the s凶.tab出ty of the pipe lin忿 foruseat
出.e pressure and tempera灿re 毛obesp艇苗.ed.
(b) At subsequent inspections of 也.e boUer or-at any 0出.er
位me，也e 1nspeetoï"mäy法磁læ-幽极佳丽远云始pe耐Qi'i-of
也.e ste，创叶'pi:严5
and for 出is purpose may require a part
of 也ela路ingat 也e. flan萨窑 to be remoyed，部d 也.epipe
made bare. If部 are低点。f 血is 怯spectiα飞出，eins严ctoris
of opinion that 出您 pipes or any p恼撼。InS of 也.enar雪 in
an unsatisfactory condition he shall r叩饵t the maUer to
the Chief 如spector， who may require the whole 01 由怠
lag脚.g to be removed and may requ国 any pipe or
pipes to be hydraulically 阳梅d.η\e test pressure at such
hydraulic test shall be not less 也an one and half times,
也e working pressure of the boUer of阳 ir棚ded 附dår嘻
pressure of pipe 部位\e c槌emaybe.
(c) A memorandum of Inspection 嚣。ok shall be
prepared in respect of ste缸扣pipe and fittings in form
No. XIV. In this book，也，e Inspector shal1 enter 怕忌kall
p缸ticulars and d坦部\5ionsof 也esteampipe 俗\d fitting
with ca 1culations for the various parts m detail,
particulars of hydraulic test and his irlSpecti∞ notes.
At subsequent irlSpec:tion，盐\e Insp挺tor shall enter the
date of theinspection and hydraulic t部ttoge也带 with
no始5 there他
刊e
Inspector shal1 a150 enter in 也e Memorandum of
remarks rega,rdmg the general
condition of the steam-pipes and fittings , and repa恼，
replacements of alterations, if any, and the' ext，是nt to
which the steam pipes have been c1eaned Qf lagging
and covering 部 that the book p.rovides a useful record
of the steam-pip臼 and fittings for the infom硝ion and
guidance of Inspectors 棋 subSequent inspection.
In the event of an acddent to a pipe line or its fitting章，
necessary rem
Inspection 嚣。ok
ψ
lndian Boiler Reglllations
working pressure ahd temperatur部
are to be perrr让tted for the various parts of the
pipe line and fittings.τhe pressure and temperature
once approved for the particular steam pipe line shall
not be altered except on a written authorlty from the
Chief Inspector.
395. Submission of Plans of l)teamωPipes- (a) Plans
of s始am pipes shall be submi~ted with theprescribed
fee to the Chief Inspector before construction or at 出e
t泣\e of the boiler for his dedsion whether the pipes.
and their arrangement comply wi血 the Regulations.
(b) (i) 丁he fees for examination of plans and the
particulars of materials, design and construction
of steam pipes before the, commencement of
manufacture of the steam pipes shall be at the
rateof Rs .30 for 30 metres of pipingor part
th盯eof， subject to a m.Î(\.imWn of Rs. 50, inc1usive
of a l1 fittings exceptiIi.g the fittings like de~
superheaters, steam receivers, feed heaters and
separately fired superheaters. For any fit位19S
likede副superheaters， steam receivers, separators
and 缸anges，白ef专es shallbe Rs. 150.00 for each
category of such identical fittings.
(ii) The fees for examination of lay out p 1ans of
steam. pipes shall be Rs. 20 per 30 metres of
piping or part thereQf, subject to a .min站出mof
Rs.白， inc1usive of all fit位19S， except fit位19S
like de-superheaters , steam receivers , feed
he挝ers and seþàrately fired superheate成 For
anyfit由19S 呈阳啦-superheaters， steam receìvers
and separators, the fee shall be Rs. 150.00 for
each such fittings.
395A. Inspection Fees for Boilers and Part thereof
Constnlcted in lndia- (1) The inspection fee for boUers
shall be ca1culated on the following basis :
(i) at four times the registration fee for a boiler of
riveted construction;
但)挝 four times the registration fee for a boiler of
welded construction;
(2) Fees for inspections of boUer scantlings shall be
charged as under :
(i) upto 10 square feet (0.929 sq. metre) of outside
and
approve 也e
位at
surfac争-nil.
(ii) above 10 叫uare feet (0.929 sq. metre) of outside
surfac萨吨ne
half of the registration fee of 也e
boiler for which the part is intended.
。) For inspection of tubes and pipes, the fee shall be
charged at the rate of Rs. 150/- per metric tonne or a
fraction 也ereof.
(盼
份)Fe
4
阔
esf如。r 趴$咛
pe
配
Ctii
ω恒。nofboU
悦
i
丑抛
挝
era
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必id
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eofc，
ωαm枝u
山
c珑∞
也郎
al1 怡
be
叫
出
clha
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眩tt阳
hera
混
挝t惚
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e off如。u
山lr
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庐
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掬忧胁
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169
(5) For inspection of forged pipe fittings, the fees shall
be charged at the rate specified for forged and cast
flanges under c1ause (斗， of sub嚼regulation (2) of
Regulation 395C.
但) For inspection of pipe fitting嚣。ther than forged
pipe fittings，也.e fees shall be charged as under :
(a) Upto and inc1ud阳.g 50 mm, for
100 kg. or a fraction thereof
Rs. 50
(b) Over 50 mm and upto and inc1uding
100 mm for 450 kg. or fraction thereof Rs. 250
(c) Over 100 mm for 900 kg. or a
Rs. 5∞
fraction thereof
395B. Fees for lnspection' 1:lf Pipes(a) For the pipes of nominalbore not exceeding 100
lllm 'inc1 usive of äll. fittings , exceptin莲 fittings
like. desuperheaters, steam receivers, feed heaters and separately fired super heaters Rs. 200
for 30 metres of pipe or part thereof.
(b) For pipes of nominal bore exceeding 100 mm
inc1usive of all fittings eχcepting fitti?gs like desuperheaters, ste拟n receivers, feed heaters and
separately fired superheaters Rs. 500 for 30
metres of pipe or part thereof.
(c) Fees for inspection of fittings like feed water
heater, desuper h相ter， steam receiver, separators
and separately fired super heaters Rs. 500 for
each such fi括ngs.
395C. Fe 仰 for Inspection of Valves- Fees for
inspection of valves shall be charged as under :
(1) Subject to a minimum inspection fee of
Rs. 500 per inspectionfor the valves , the
inspection fee shall be charged as under :
(a) Upto 25mm
Rs. 5 per piece.
(b) Above 25mm and
,
upto 100 mm
Rs. 20 per piece.
(c) Above 100 mm and
upto 250 mm
Rs. 150 per pi配.e.
(d) Above 250 mm
Rs佬 400 per piece.
(2) Fees for Inspec位on of flan萨s shall be charged
as under:
(i) For forged and cast flanges:
(a) upto and inc1uding 25 mm
for a batch of 50 or part
thereof
{的 upto and inc1uding 25 mm
for a batch of 100 or part
thereof
(c) over 25 mm upto and ir飞。
luding 50 mm for a batch
of 50 or part 也.ereof
Rs.120
Rs. 220
Rs. 240
、
170
lndian Boìler Regulations
(d) over 50 mm upto and including 1∞ mm for a batch
Rs. 240
of 25 or part thereof
件 over 100 mm upto and including 250 mm for a batch
Rs .26O
of 10 or 归rt thereof
(f) over 250 mm for a batch
of 5 or partthereof
Rs. 300
(ii) For plate flanges: The fees shall be charged
at half the rate as charged for forged and
cast flanges.
却5D. Fees for Inspec吉ion of Components of Valv部…
The fees for 坦spection of components of valves shall
be charged as under :
(i) 5白电 of 注\é Inspec总.on fees of the valves shall be
charged by the Chief 阳印机torof 出.e State where
也ecomp∞.ents of the valves, are manufactured,
for inspection of the components manufactured
in a State other than the State where the valv制 are
as盹mbled and rem刻ning 50% of 由e ins严ction
fees shall be charged by 设\eQ由f Inspectc段。fthe
State, where the valves are assembled, for
insp硝.onof 部部mbly and final inspec往.onof 出e
valves.
(ii) Where the inspection, so far as the materlal
~esting is concem时， has been caI;rled out by a
"Well Known Foundry" or "Well Known Forge"
full/inspection fees shall be charged by the Chief
InspectQr of 也e State where/ the valves have
been assembled and finally tested.
(iii) Wher~ the components of the valves are
inspec:;ted and tested in 出e 锦me manufactu出g
work where the valves are 部sembledand 位lally
tested., full inspection fee sha11 be charged by the
Chief Inspector of the State where the
manufacturing work is located.
(iv) In case, in a State, components are manufactured
by one firm and finally fittings and assembly of
出， valves are made by ano啦啦， both the firms
sha11 pay inspection fee on 50: 50 bas忌，
395丑 Fées
for inspection of feed
w挝er heat毒rs
and
oth配 fitting争-Feesfor 弘spection of fl但dwaterhea惚rs
ando也er f沾边19S
sha11 be charged as under一
(i) Fees for inspection of feed water heaters shall be
吨ual to the registration fee of the boiler subject
to a maximum of Rs. 5000.
(ii) Fees for inspection of other fittings like de-superheaters, steam receivers and separately fired
super heaters shall be charged equal to half the
registration fee of 出e boiler to which the steam
pipe or feed pipe，础设\e case may be, is attached
subject to a maχimum of Rs. 2500.
Note: In case of fittings, like 啦，相perheater嚣" feed heat'告将
and separately fir曹d super heaters, which are parts of
趴.e stea n\ pipes or f.苦苦d pipesa位ached to 毒 battery of
the boi1ers, the f警告s shal1 be charged eq现1 to halfthe
regi革tration fee of any one of the boiler of the b挂ttery
of the boilers.
395F. Markings- (时 C盯bon steel tubes or pipes which
are both over 50 mm outside diameter or over 1000
mm in length sha11 be marked legibly to show(i) 出e identification symbol for 出etypeof 也.e steel;
(ii) the brand of the manufacture; and
(iii) whether se缸nless or electric resistance welded
tubes or pipes.
(b) In the case of Carbon steel tubes or pipes le豁出m
50m皿 outside diameter or less 也an10∞ mm in length,
也e information sp创ifi，创 in Clause (a) of 也is regulation
sha11 be marked on a tag securely attached to the bundIe
or box.
(c) For a110y steel tubes or pipes markings shall not be
g丽mpëô-õn-吐始 -õëfdyõf ~thë tübê!n5云 pípe~s:Thè
information specified in sub-regulation (码。f this
regula生ion shall be stamped on the end face of plain
end pipes or oÌ'l the rlms of flanges or on identification
plates suitably attached to the pipes or 如ibes. h飞spection
or identification marks may be painted on 出.e allõy
steel tubes or pipes provided iron oxide base or titanium
base pain饱 are used.
(d) Tubes or pipés conforming to a forei萨 standard or
which l)ave been accepted by. the Board under
Regula tion 3 (莉， marking shall be stamped in
挝写ordancewi也在epr的isionofth挝 standard or code,
ω巾，
部位e ca铠 maybe.
395G. Fee for inspection of spares and scantling蜘翩翩
盼 Spares- Foral1 types of coi1s, n挝nely， economiser
coils, superheater coils, reheater coils, the fee for
inspection shal1 be charged on the basis of surface ar，刷
刷 provided in Regulation 385.
(ii) Scantlings…币le fee for 加spection of scan法ings
shal1 becharged a草 under:…
(a) For outside surface 郁瑞 not
exceedin军 1 s哇. metre
Rs. 500
(b) For outside surface 挝ea exceeding
1 吨. metre but not exceeding
3 sq. metres
Rs. 600
(c) For C后A exceeding 3 sq. metres but
not exceeding 5 sq. metres
Rs. 700
(d) For C冶A exceeding 5 sq. metres but
not exceeding 7 吨.me生res
Rs .8oo
(e) For OSA exceeding 7 吨. metres but
not exceed如军 9 吨. metres
Rs. 900
拇 For OSA exceeding 9 吨.me悦s but
not exceeding 11 sq. metres
Rs. 10∞
.
Ind切n BoUer 及egulations
171
For outside surface area exceeding 口吨. metres a fee
of RS. 50 shall be charged for every 2 sq. metres or part
thereof subject to a maximum of RS. 5000.
CHAPTE汉 X
ELECTRODE BOILERS
GENEI支AL
CHAPT军RIX-A
SAFETY OF PERSO到S INSIDE BOILERS
396. Safety of persons working inside boilers…刨
No person shall be compelled or al1owed, by the owner
or person in charge, to go inside a steam boiler for any
purpose whatsoever unless the boiler is effectively
disconnected in the manner hereinafter prescribed from
any steam or hot water communication with anyo出er
boiler.
(b) Effective disconnection shall be made either by
the removal of the bo i1er stop valve or of a length of
piping from al1 steam and hot water connection with
any other boiler, vessel or pipe containing steam or
hotwaterby 出e insertion of substantial blank flanges
between the bo i1 er stop valves and piping. The
shutting of a stop valve, stop cock or auto黯atic
isolating valve alone shall not be deemed to
compliance with this Regulation. In the case of
welded pipe work , however , if a vent pipe of not
less than 2" internal diameter (bore) is fitted between
the main stop valve and the intermediate stop valve
on the steam main and between the feed check valve
and intermediate check valve on the feed line , this
Regulation shall be considered to have been
complied with, provided such vent pipes are fitted
with boltedωon blank flanges and the flanges are
removed so as to effectively discharge any leakage
steam or water to the atmosphere when the valves
on either side of its have been c1 osed.
(c) 在le owner of a boiler to which 位总 Regulation is
applìcable shall obtain the approval of the Chief
Inspector in wrìting to the methOd. of disconnection
which he proposes to use and shall be responsible for
ensurir唱出at the method s。我pproved is followed in
practice.
(d) When electric light is used for work inside a Boiler
shell or dru~ or any confined space within a boiler, the
voltage sh~ll not exceed 24 volts and the owner of the
boiler shall provide a hand lamp with lamp-革uard，
keyless socket, insulated handle and extension cord of
approved type.
REQUIREMENTS
397. Application- This Chapt时 appl泌s to Electrode
Steam Boilers for all voltages for any working pressure
and for temperatures not exceeding 65Ü"F
,.
Electrode Boilers shall only be of the fo l1owing
construction:
(a) Riveted
Stεel 窜。迫，ers.
(b) Fusion Welded Steel Boilers.
(c) Seamless Shell Steel Boilers.
398. Where applicable the g部eral terms of Ch叩ter 1
relating to certificates from maker嚣， Inspecting
Authorities, etc. , and of Chapter III concerning
construction shall be followed.
399. The materìal specifications for structural parts of
Electrode Boilers shal1 comply with Chapter II as
regards the process of manufacture , chemical
composition mode of manufacture and test, and 位e
certificates for the steel plates, rìvets and bars where
applicable, provided th拭 the ultimate tensile stress
anä elongation of materials shall be between 也el泣nits
given below :一
(1) For rìveted construction as in Regulation
1吃
(2) For fusion welded construction as in Regulation
234.
(3) For se缸nless construction 部 in Regulation 344.
Table 1 as for seam1ess carbon steel pip创.
RIVETED STEEL BOILERS
400. Construction and Workmanship 一 The
requirements as regards the preparation of plates,
cylindrical shells, butt-st报庐， end plates, bar stays, angle
rings , inspection, openings, rivet holes , riveting,
fu l1ering and caulkin窑 shal1 comply with the relevant
provisions of Chapter m.
401. Working Pressure of Shel1如白 Determination of
wor均\g pressure of shells shal1 comply with Regu 1ation
176.
Where power is used for workin窑 any equipment insidê
a boiler the metallic portion of Ule equipmeI).t shall be
effectivelyearthed.
,
402. Strength of Riveted ]oints- Strength of riveted
shall comply with Regulations 177, 178 and 179.
,
才oints
Indian Boiler Regu切tions
172
403. Thickness of
Bu董必Straps- τ'hickness
of
bu协
strapsshall ∞mply with Regt主1ation 182.
In case where fullωmpensation is provided for an 1.王丹
flanged opening cut in a dished end p 1ate, nO additional
thickness is nec崎棉布·
404. Maximùm Pitch of Rivets in Longitudinal
Join如- Maximum pitch of rivets in longitudinal seam
shall comply with Regulation 183.
405. Spadng of Rows of
Rive姐-
Spacing of rows of
rivets and distance between rivet hole and edge of
plate 由瑞∞血ply wi白如伊lation 184.
406. End and Circumferential Seams- End and drcu黯ferential Seams shallωmplywi在 R嗨ulation 104.
407. Manholes and other openings in Shells-…(时 Un­
compensated opening shall comply wi白脸部主1ation
187.
Where it is not prac缸able to make dished endp1ate in
one piece, fusion welded se.ams welded from each side
of 在e p 1atè may be employed provided the appropriate
constants as given below are introduced into the
formula for obtainingthe thickness. The limits of
pre白山e and diameter specified in Regulation 416 sha毡，
however, apply.
白\e
maximum working pre多sure shall be de生ermined
by the following formula but in no case shall the
出ickness at 而e edge of the flange for connecting to 位e
shell be less 也an 也e 出比如\ess of the unpierced seamless
shell as determined by 问uation (1).
。-
e …~1"S~~~nsa句~.~p~i鸣中allωmplyγ出~S'lla翩
tions 170, 171 and 186.
2)
W卫踹…………~..xCxS
在qn.(97)-
DxK
where,
408. Dished 琶nd pl挝锦 with pre毒sure on concave
sid e-… Where an end plate is dished tose黯问划psoidal
or partially spherical form, the inside radius of dishing
shall be not 在reater than the outside diameter of thè
flange (see Figu黯 23).
Wherever practicable, the 坦side comer radius shall be
12.5 per 岱慌， of the inside diameter and in no ca部 shall
be less than 6 per cent of the inside diameter剥
For ends of semi-ellipsoidal from the ratio of the major
axis to the minor axis shall be not greater than 2.
Where an end p 1ate is dished to semi-elllpsoidal or
partially spherical form an(;thas a flanged-in-manhole
or access opening，由.e thickness shall be increased by
not less than 15 per cent of 也e 在ic挝\ess computed by
the formula for an end plate without an opening, but in
no case shall 血is increase be less than 1 月 inch.
η\e d哗啦 ininch础。f 出.e flange
G (see Fig. 23) forming
the access opening measured from the outer surface of
the place at the minor axis of theopening shall be not
less than
G 黯 ..J (T x W)
where,
T= 出比如惚蹈。f
the end p 1ate in inches,
W = length of minor axis in inche嚣，
The comer radius of the manhole flange ym (see Fig.
23) shall be not less than 1 in.
t= 在ic挝\ess
of plate 单位ùrty翩seconds of an
ind飞，
WP=
Wor挝吨 pressure
in pounds per square
inch,
D = outside diameter of 出e flange in inches,
K= a factory dependent up侃出e ratio h/D
where h is the extemal height generally
obtained frQm the curve shown in Fig. 22
orby Equa钱。n 75.
In no ca阳 shall K be taken as les窜出an :
115Eor
D
012 主
R
s 嚣 minimum
ultimate stress of plate in tons
per square inch,
C '" constant as follows :
(a) Where 也eend plate i量 not one piece.
C=35.
(b) Where the end plate is 坦 cne piece.
C = 82 where Class 1 requirements are complied
wi位\.
嚣 27
where Class 11
complied wi曲，
T抽出ickness
require黯ents
are
to be used in the formu泌础 the 出ickne部
of the end after manufacturer and is applicable over
the whole area of the end upto the point where for ends
of partially spherical shàpe, the dishing radius joins 血e
comer radiusi from this point a gradual thinning is
permissible upto a maximum of 10 严r cent of the
173
Indian Boiler Regulations
在icknessγat
the point where the comer radius joins
flange end. A simílar gradual
th如ning is per江山sible for ends of semi翩ellipsoidal
shape.τ划5 permissible reduction 单位也抽回部 also
applies to the flange for manhole opening.
thestraigl飞.t portion of the
Where seatings are finished by fusion welding 出.ey
shall be stress relieved heat tr四位nent before attachment
to the boiler.
WELDED ATTACHMENT OF CONNECTORS TO SHELL
Where a dished end plate is pierced wi也 more 泣磁n
∞eop但由\g for electrodes or 0出.erfit由19S，由.eoper由19s
shall be so arranged as to provide an unpierced annulus
not less than 2 in. wide measured from the centre of the
comer radius.
Where d is g招ater than 21f.z inches or (p-d}/P is le豁
出缸1 1/K full compensation shall be provided wherep 口 pitch of ope挝ngs in inch俑，
d = diameter of openings in inches,
K = factor (See Equa悦。In above).
FIG.36
;t
一T
Where the diameter of such opening is not greater 也an
21f.z inches and the value of the lig挝nent (p-d}/P is not
less than 1/K compensation is not .required.
FIG.37
409. Seatings for Mounting- Where the working
pressure is not greater than 250 lb / sq. in. moun出萨
having screwed ends not exceeding 3/4 怕.ch. Standard
Pipe Thread may be used.
τhe mountings 酿ay
screwed :
(i) Directly into the boiler shell
fitted on the waterside; or
plat部，
nuts being
斗 tj
FIG.38
(ü) Into steel dis切nce piece (see Fig. 35)，也e length
of thread engaged being is no case less than the
bore of the mounting plus one quarter inch.
itT
FIG.39
/
在现 LAST 在议EADTOBERE­
止 t丁
MOV军。 &A 汉ADIUS FORMED
AττHE Jl那JCfION
FlG. 35 - TYPICAL MILD STEEL DISTANCE PIECE
FOR MOUNTINGS
The distance piece shall be made solid from mild steel
and 由all be scr~wed 拙怕也e boiler pieces and fitted
with nuts on the water side. The walls of the distance
plates shall be not less in 仕1比如less than one quarter
inch at the bottom of 出e 垃uead.
FIG.40
Method of attachment by welding of connectors to shells
are shown in Figs. 36 to 40.
174
lndian
Boiler Regulations
Water gaugesandp民ssu~e gauge syphons. maY. 1>e
attached direct to the boiler shell or ends without the
intervention of a pad or standpipe, provided 出eyare
flanged and secured by studs. If the studs are screwed
吐U"ough 出e plate, nuts of full 位uckness shall be fitted
on 仕\e inside of 出.e boiler.
Minimum weld a忱acrunent for standpipes 5 in. bore
and under, with plate 位让.ckness to Ts equal to 1.5 Tn or
Greater.
Where the design pressure exceeds 250 lb / sq. or 仕\e
inch mountings shall be attached by short standpipes or pads.
Where the outside diameter of 出e standpipe exceeds 5
inches plus twice the thickness of the shell plate in
inches, the standpipe may be secured by fusion welding
as shown in Figs. 42 and 43. The standpipe and 出e
entire p 1ate to which it is attached shall be stress relieved
by heat trea恒nent.
no:自由\alboreof 仕\e mounting exceeds 3/4
Flanges and pads in contact with the boiler shall be formedtobed c1ωelyto 出.e plate to which they are attached.
Standpipe s- Where short standpipes are used the
flanges shall be machined on 出e jointing and bolting
surfaces and shall be c10sely to 出e plate; 咀\e caulking
edge of the flange shall be machined or flame cut by
machine. Where separate flanges are fitted 出ey shall
be attached as shown in Figs. 28, 29, 30 and 33.
Fig.41-A and 41-B- Minl.O\um weld attacrunents for
standpipes upto and inc1uding in bore not requiring
compensating plates.
StandpIpeslãbriëated by fU革丽丽ldi五百日租.ões位ess
re1ieved by heat treatment before attacrunent to 出e
boiler.
Where the outside diameter of a standpipe is not greater
than 5 inches plus twice the 出ickness of 仕\e shell plate
in inches, the standpipe may be secured by fusion welding in 仕\e manner shown in Figures 41-A and 41-B
without subsequent stress relieving by heat treatment.
FIG.42A
Bore
噜
FIG.428
HoleDia.
D+1/3 in. max.
FIG.41A
Bo re
Tn
Tn
Minim
川
mum wel
叫
l
sion where olate
血
t hickι
Y'U'~
ness T is less than 1.5 Tn
0.5 Tn
FIG.42C
FIG. 42-A , 42-B AND 42-C- MINIMUM WELD
ATTACHMENTS FOR STANDPIPES OVER 5 IN.
BORE NOT REQUIRING COMPEN-SATING PLATES.
lndian 草oiler
175
Regulations
D = Diameter in inches of 出e pitch circ1e of the
bolts or rivets when the plate is attached to
an outside f1ange or the intem.al diame辙
。f the shell when the plate is attached to an
极side f1ange,
5 = Minimum tensile stress of the plate in tons
per square inch.
In no case shall the 制ckness of an unstayed
plate be le部出an 3/8 inch.
到G. 岱-
MINIMUM WELD ATIACI王MENTFOR
STANDPIPES OV班R 5 IN. BORE REQUIRING
COMPENSATING .PLATES
5tandpipes shall be desi伊ed to withstartd the intem.al
pre部ure， bilt additional 也ickness 双\ay be required for:
白le 也ickness
of the standpipe shall be not less 出an
1/4 扭曲 时也就 given bythe following formulae,
whichever is 出.e grea生er:
(a) for working pressures upto and inc1uding 250
lb./sq. in ... t == D+4
(b) for working p坦ssure above 250 lb./ 吨.in..... t=
1.4 D + 6
where,
of standpipe in 制rty-seconds of
an inch,
D=
of the openings in an unstayed
2lh inches or the pitch in
inches is less than four times the diameter of the
ope时ngs， ad吨uate compensation shall be provided in
the manner described in R~gulations 170, 171 and 186.
Pad曲曲-TI飞船e
shall comply with Regulation 155.
412. Unstayed 穿'lat-End Plate如…The working pressure
of unstayed flat-臼d platessha在 be determined by 也e
following formula :
25 (t … 2)2
D2
W卫工一一…一一一
院qn.
(98)
where,
t 坦白ickness
of
pla始 in 出ry响C∞ds
of an
inch,
W丑嚣 VVorking pressure 坦 pounds
inch,
per square
gr辅ter 也an
413. Th ickness. of Angle R始8萨-VVhere 在ange or angle
rings are used\ for pressure purposes in no case shall.
也e 副.ckness after machining be le部也an 5/16 inch.
ηle 由ickness shall be as given in Re部由tion 106.
414. Bol恼I Nuts and
Regulation 208.
Studs-白lese
shall conform to
415. Hydraulic Test…. Each completed boiler shall 严部
the Hydraulic adopted (See Figures 44 to 位)
outsided总meter of the standpipe in inches.
410. F1anges thickness and drilling一百黯也ckn创S
and drilling of flanges of standpipes shall be in
accordance with Appendix (盼.
411.
di扭\eter
f1at-end plate is
(2) 5tresses imposed on the standpipe by expansion
andcon协donof?xtema2ya役ached pipe wor执
t 嚣 thickness
VVhere an unstayed flat-end plate is pJeréed for
el配trod础。，rother.在回ngs by opening having a diameter
notgre挝er than 21h inch辅 and the pitch of 在.eopenings
in inches is not less than four tim础 the diameter of the
op叙宙飞gs in inches, compensation is not required.
VVhere the
(1) Compensation (see Regulation 407).
f1at 翩 end
FUSION WELDED BOILER5
416. Construction and Wotkmanship… Construction
and Workmanship shall comply with the provision
made in Chapter V for fusion welded drums subject to
the following conditions, namely:
Class 1 boilers shall comply
V.
with 也.e requir喧嚣.ents
of
αlapter
For end plate connection by welding, the type of seam
shown in Figure 44 may be adopted.
Class 11 bo i1ers shall comply with th祭 following
reφmements :
百le
longitudinal se忍n shall çomply with Re郭llation
253. For end plate connections by welding any of 也e
foUowing types of seams, may be adopted (See Figs. 44
to 49).
Indian Boiler R喀u1ations
176
FORMS OF WELD军D JOINTS FOR CIRCU如g怒RENTIAL
SEAMS卢ACCEPT ABLE FOR ALL CLASSES OF BOILERS
军 tZ2J闪
丸
jJ!皿血血坦巳
斟引」叫叫刊咿叫叫I
L
雹凰'>>./
!…
FIG.45
FIG.49
附
we
噩
舶
flang'
伊
425
-Forms~of
weldedioints forcircumferentialseams
acceptable for seaml倒s shell boilers and for c1ass 11
welded boiler for p 1ates over 3/4 in. 也ick with gap
between theoges of the p 1ates to be agreed upon by
inspect讪gau出ority， manufacturer.
. Class 1 Boilers, the working preSSUI飞eof which exceeds
1651bs./sq. in. or 出eproduct of 出.ewor总ngpre韶山e
in pounds per square inch and the intemal diameter in
inch部 exceeds 8250.
C1ass n Boilers, the working
pre臼ure
of which is 165
lbs./吨. in and 坊~o~_~r~~~ErSt~月号t oftt翌 wor挡在川
pressure in pounds per square inch and the intemal
diameter in inch部 is below 8250.
TESTS FOR CLASS 1 FUSION WELDED SEAMS
417. Selection of' Test Pieces- Fromthe test plate or
p 1ates on each longitudinal seam, test pieces shall be
selected for the following test 也e specimens being cut
out 础 shown 如 Fig. 50 given below and stamped by
出e Insp就tor for identification :
但}仇\e Tensile
FIG.4岳
test 9pec泪en for the welded seam.
(b) Two bend 生est spec挝\ens.
(c) 仇\e nick break test spec出en.
The remainder of each 挺t of test plat回给\all be 距tained
for any retest r吨uired. Any sp创出en for retest sha11
be cut from the same set of test plates
speclm.en.
\
as 由.e
original
FIG.47
FOR FLAT END PLATES FOR
CLASS II BOI1忍这SNOT 雾XCEEDING 20 IN. DIAM盲宫ER
FORMSOFW军LDEDJO剖TS
「叫 m
…
t
f一叩τ町
τHESE
PORTIONS TO BE RETAINED FOR POSSffiLE 黯 .TEST
1. TENSILE TEST FOR WELDED SEAM
2. BEND TEST: OUTER SURFACE OF η也 WELD IN TENSION
BEND TEST: INNER SURFAC在 OFT日军 WELDINτENSION
NICK BREAK TEST.
FIG. 50 - DETAILS OF TEST PLATES
3.
4.
FIG.48
Indian Boiler Regulations
Surfaces of tensile and bend specimens corresponding
and inside of the shell shall be only
lightly dressed so 血的 the rolled surfaçe of the parent
metal is not wholly removed , except 也at where the
rolled surfaces of 位.e abut岱n茜 plates are not level with
one anQther, one plate may be machined 挝 eachface of
the weld provided the depth of metal removed does
not exceed 1/32 in.
wi钱也e ∞tside
418. Tensile Test…The specimen shall be cutout
transversely to the welded seam (see Fig. 50) and shall
be of the full 也比如less of the plate at 出e welded seam
and the breadth W shall be as great as the testing
machine will reasonably allow provided the effective
cross咽ctional areas is not less 和姐 1/2 sq. in.(see Fig.
51 below). The ultimate tensile stress of the welded
seam specimen shall be not less than 也.e lower 站时t
speclfied for the plate (see Table under Regulation 16).
寸5
1~肌 1~I~mt
THAN FULL PLAT应 THICKN览 55 WITH A
OF llh INCHE5 5PEClMEN (1) TEN5ILE
吉它5T FOR JOINT
FIG. 51 TENSILE TEST FOR }OINT
W=NOTL院55
177
bycut运ngtow槌te
of the weld, so
obtained.
the metallocal to the inner surface
the desired spec始len 由ickness is
由at
Thesp硝烟.en
to be tested with 也e innér surface in
tension shall be prepí:lred by cutting to waste the metal
local to the outer surface of 出eweldso 血的 the desired
metal thickness is obtained. Where the 也icknessof 出e
plate permits, both specimens may be cut from the same
piece of plate，饺le specimens being located in the plate
one above the other.Each specimen shall be mounted
wi也 the weld midway between 也.e supports, set apart
at a distance of not more than 5.2 times the thickness of
出espec加en and pushed 也rough 也e supports with a
former having , a diameter e伊al to 泣uee 出nes the
位比如\ess of 仕\e spec坦\en (see Figure 20).
仅\ completion ~f 注\e
test no crack or defect at the outer
surface of the specimer飞 shall be greater 设1M 1 /1 6 inch
measured across the specimen or 1/8 inch measured
alo吨位elen阱， of 出e specimen. Premature failure at
comers of the sp由加.en shall not be considered cause
for 叫ection. (see Fig. 20, Spec蛇\enA).
420. Nick Break Test… The specimen shall be
rectangular in section and cut transversely to the wellso
as to have a width not less thàn one-and-half times'its
刷c如.ess. The slot shall be Q1t in one side of the specimep ,
位lrough 位ecen悦。f 位也 wèld and perpendicular to 也e
outer face of the vessel.刀\e specimen shall than be
brokE:.. in the weld and 仕le fracture shall reveal a sound
homogeneous-weld , substantially free from sla伊
inc1usions, porosityand coarse crysta摇摇妙，
阳NIMUMWIDτH
421. Retest萨-Should 缸\y of 也e tests fa丑， two retests
shall be made on specim创始 cut fro扭曲e 路me plate
andbo也 retests shall meet the specifíed requirements.
419. Bend Test- Two bend test shall be made.
Onespec协四 shall
be tested with 役\e outer surface or
出e weld in tension, and the other with the inner surface
in tension. The specimens shall be rec如\gular 如 section
and shall be cut out tr缸\Sversely to the weld so as to
have a width of not less than one-and嗡 half 位mes 由e
thickness of the plate. The sharp comers of the
specimens 由瑞 be rounded to a radius not exceeding
ten per cent of the 也ickness of the specimen.
does no生 exceed 11,4 inches
the 应比如ess of 仕\e specimen shall be equal to 位.e full
thickness of the test plate. Where the plate 也ickness
exceed 11,4 inches the 副.cknessof 位e specimen shall be
at 1倡st 11,4 inches. 在\e spec加.en to be tested with the
outer surface of the weld 槌 tension shall be prepared
Where the
plate 也ickness
422. Spedmens after Tests- If required by the
h年时出\g Authority the spec加\ens after test shall be
forwarded for examination.
423. Heat Treatment- A丑 fusion welded electrode
boilers shall be stress-re1ieved by heat-treatment.η\e
heat-trea挝\ent shall be in accordance with Regulati∞
267.
424. Hydraulic and Hammer Test- This shall comply
wi也 Re事llation 268.
425. Determination 10r Working Pressure- The
working pressure of cylindrical shells with fusion'
welded se缸n shall be calculated from the following
formula:
Indian Boiler Regulations
178
(t 叩 2)
W.P.=
x
D
Sxc
Eqn. (99)
where,
t= 也ickness
of shell plate in thirty-提condsof
m 油位，
D = intemal diameter of shell in inches,
S = Ultimate tensile stress in tons per square
如.ch，
for Class 1 boilers,
c = 27 for Class II boilers.
C 口 32
NOTE: WHERE 1到E CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OFτ苦怨 F汉AME
MEASURED ALOWSALINE PA:RALLEL TO THE AXISOF
τHE SHELL 15 LESSτHANdt. THED应FERENCE SHALL
BE MADE UPBY AN EX1'ERNAL COMPENSA:ηNGRING.
WHE反革 t 15 THE CALCULA1'ED PLA1'E 1苦iICKNESS.
FIG.54 … ELLIPTICAL MANHOLE FLANCED FRAME
WELDED TO SHELL
.
In nocase 由政也icknessofcylindrical shells with 缸sion
welded seams b~ less th缸k 曲。se… in table b e10w :
Mini黯毯黯 τhickness
Class
for Fusion Welded Shells
lnternal dÙl meter in i::his
Minim在m
仇ickness
r-- w 恼ora涵)~
d二。丁~ (rf、
inches
伽…..u-
付毛Jpto-and 却\dud凶8.24叫一…叫一一…叩 --11'4 ……
Over 24 upto and induding 36
5/16
3月
Over 36
In no
caseshall 也.e
shell and ends be
「
fa é:tor of safety of 由.e cylindr古.cal
less 船舶 4.
426. Welds and Compensation fórManholes and
Branche~ Welded compensatir鸣放吨如ted to 放浪n­
hole and over openings shall conform to Figs. 52 t9 56.
隔三句
NOTE: 2wt: SHALL BE NOT LE部 ηiAN dt WHERE t IS 1苦iE
CALCULA:τ'ED PLA1'E THICKNESS
FIG. 52 - EXTERNAL COMPENSATING RING
: 严幸与
监吉EZE挥监臼探监管出自古;
OSAND COMPENSATIONFORMANl董OLESANDBRANO辑S
hr一二4
d 一寸
427. Manholes and other openings in Shells--Manholes and other openings in boiler shell be placed
away from any welded.seam. Oval opénings shall be
arranged with their minor axis parallel to the
longitudínal centre 抽\e of the boiler.
(a) Un-compen茜 ated openings 舔瑞∞mply wi也
Re思主lation 187.
i
(b) Compensated openings shall comply with
Regulations 170, 171 , 186 and 279.
「…?一「
1t 一吃?!-:J望
『
E-←二一一卢L
异
哇
F
仁 w →…
NOTE: 2w t: SHALL BE NOT LESS 1事王AN dt WHERE t 15 T叹E
CALCULA1'ED PLA1'E THICKNESS
fIG. 53 - EXTERNÀL COMPENSATING RING
428. Dished el主d plates with Pressure on Concave
side-白白白ällco出ply with Re事l1ation 408.
429. Uns就t始
句
a
yed Flat énd Plð.挝t祀
臼s-严同用卢ε
,n
材f 阳1畸5t均寻如d 缸缸
O
at 钮dplat
，创te
盼s 址由1挝
allc
∞
ompl悖
yw
削i役白\Re萨latωi
始
O
∞
1
.412.
179
Indian Boiler Regulations
Where the diameter of the openings in an unstayed flat
end plate is greater than 21;2 inches or 在e pitch in inches
is less 也an four times the diameter of the holes full
compensation shall be provided as in Regulation 279.
and one means of feeding the boiler sha11 suffice and出e Safety Valves shall be of spring loaded 穹pe.
430. Thickness of Angle Ring研…Thickness of angle
rings shall comply with Regulation 379 (a).
锦fety
431. Bol始， nu始 and studs shall comply wíth Regulation
208.
432. Seatings and
Regulation 409.
mou时ings
shall comply with
433. 黯ydraulic
Test…The requírement of Hydraulic
Test. shall comply with Regulation 379 (a).
If an Electrode boiler is fitted wíth a magnetic valve,
the said valve will be accepted in líeu of 役le second
valve provided the source of power supply to
bo也 the valve and the boiler is the same and both are
operated by one single swítch.
CHAPTER XI
STANDARD CONDITION FOR THE DESIGN
AND CONSTRUCTION OF ECONOMIS.ERS,
FEED PIPES, FEE HEATERS AND OTHER
SIMILAR VESS军LS
ECONOMISERS
SEAMLESS
SI王军LL
BOILERS
434. Delermination of working Pressure- The
working pressure sh捕捉 determined in accordance
with Regulation 425 except that 在en白白num 位úckn笛S
of the shell s1"!all comply with the following table :一
I nternal diameter inches
Upto and inc1 uding 24
Over 24 upto and inc1 uding 36
Over 36
Minimum thickness inches
1/4
5/16
3/8 ,
In no case shall the factor of safety of the cylindrical
甜甜 and ends be less 出an4.
The value of C in theequation shall be taken as 35.
Where the ends are welded to shell or mechanically
secured and welded 也ey 由a11 be stress-relieved.
435. End Plates- The end plates shall comply wi也
Re gulation 408 or 412 ac∞rding as they are dished or
fla t. When end plates are mechanically secured and
welded to seamless shell as shown in Figures 47 and 48
and the weld are stress-reliev叫，出.e pressure and other
limitations specified in respect of Class 11 boilers in
Regulation 416 shall notapply.
436. Manholes and other opening in the Shell萨…These
shall comply wíth Regulation 407.
437,. Mountings, fittings and conn机tions (for all types
of electrode boilers)一 Mountings， fittings and
connections sh句11 comply with Regulation 281.
坦白eεase of
electrode boilers one means of indicating
water level of the tubular water level gauge-glass type
500.. Application of standard conditions and
exceptions theret←(的Ar飞机onomiser sha11 not be
registered under sub.咽ction (4) of section 7 of the Act
and a certificate shall not be issued under sub-section
(5) of 由at section with reference to an."economiser 出ùess
the standard conditions in respect of máterial design
and construction, which are specified ir飞往往.s Chapter
are satisfied in respect of such e∞nomiser.
Provided that an economiser in use at the 也neChapter
XI of these Regulations came into force，双飞ay be so
registerd and such Certificate may be issued in respect
thereof not withstanding 也就 such standard conditions
are not satisfied in respect of such economiser.
(b) Notwithstanding anything contained in subregulation (苟 the Chief Inspector may, subject to 位le
provisions of Regul拔。王1502， re恶ister an economiser
and order the issue of a certifícate au也orising the use
出ereof， although the standard condítions are not fully
satisfied in respect of 印出 economiser.
501. General Requireme时萨…刨 All cast íron and
steel headers and the parts used in the assembly of an
economiser shall conform w近1 the requireme报s of this
Chapter in r部pect of material specification 彼ld test
workmanship and structural requírements.
(b) A11 economisers under construction sha l1 be under
the 部pervision of an Inspecting Authority and must
be so certified by that au也ority.
(c) A certi且.cate from the Ins pection Au啦。rityinForm
VII certifying that material was tested and the
econorrüsers built under their supervision shall be
lndian Boiler Regulations
180
t山如沁hed
to the Chief Jnspector before or with the first
. application fòr .registration.
(d) In advance of or along with an application for
registration, the following shal1 be fumished一
(i)a certUicate in Form VIII of manufacture and test
signed by the Maker or by a responsible
representative of 佼\e Maker, containing the
description of the economiser, pa抵如取措 of 血e
materia1 used in its cpnstruction and thedimen- sions of ~e several parts with the declaration'
也.at the 坦.mits brtensile breaking strength and
怡如 ωmply with the standard condi悦。他
(始)运岱rtificate from the' Maker 、of the material
sta位唱出e tehsile breakingstrength and 也e
cloñgàtion provided that if the Maker and
m叙w.fac灿rer be the same，也e Manufacturer
precisesta生ement showing the above infortnation
shélll be accepted.
{的、 To suit owners convenience where possible it
recommended that economiser be 如stal1ed in two or
mote sections.
on components 告拚re 翩翩均
Modification of formula- Where no ceri licati部
are produced, the working pre部ure as found by f.创mula
will be reduced by 10%. When the workm倒哗哗施，
however, in any way doubtful and the Chief Inspector
is not satisfied 位\at any of the foregoing conditions
would be sufficient to meet the circumstances he may
at his discretionreduce the working pressure by such
percentage as he deems fit.
部2.
503. Maker's certificates for steel 臼ono血iserψ…The
maker shall fumish the Inspecting Officer with a
certificate 怕也.e following form :
We hereby certify that the material described below
has been made by the Open Heart or an Electrlc
process acid/basic and has been satisfactorily tested
扭曲e presence of the Inspecting Officer/o~ Test
House Manager in 剖cordance wi也 the Standard
Tests.
504. Hydraulic Test for new Econo黯iser萨…. For all
new economiser the hydraulictest must be applied as
shown below :
Design pressure lb./sq. in.
ffydn部lictest pressure 梳得 in.
Cast iron tubes, headers and b牵线也
Twice working pr四sur理
Minimum pressure, 7:∞-
Steel tube器 and bends
Steel tubesand ben.ds
Above.500 执政 not
500 orless
Steel tubes and bends
A.bove 1ρ∞
1 ，0∞ above
Headers
Headers
Below 1，αm
Above 1，。∞
Twice 阳 working
For all.assembled sections 血，e Hydraulic Test pre窑sure
shal1悦 not less 也an 1 1h出1刷出.eworking pressure.
"Working pressure" shal1 be the highes~ pressure at
which the economiser relief valves are to be set.
The above tèst pressure shal1 be held for a minimum
period of ten minutes.
505. Workmanship and Manufacture- Al1 material
used in the cons忧uction of press山ep缸ts shal1 be tested
and shall conform with the fo l1owing requirements :
{埠The workship 在roughout shall be of the highest
standard. All castings shall be wel1 finished, free
from defects, porous plac部 and below holes,
and true to di那，ensions without wraping where
chaple始 .are use4, there must be satisfacta叩
1 ，。ω
exceeding 1，0∞
τwice
the working pressur'e.
the working pressur苦
pressure .
Working pressure plus 1，α沼 lbs./叫 .in.
fusionwi由 the metal. Chaplets must be properly
位nned
with metál 阳台 frbm lead.
(b) The screw threads of all bolts must be of
Whitworth forms.
(c) All component par饱 sha程 where necessary be
manufactured to limit gauges to secure
inte抽烟geability 也.roughout.
CAST IRON, TUBES AND
H军ADERS
随6. Process of Manufadure-树古le c踏出19S shall
be cast from metal melted or refined in any suitable
metal1urgka1 plant 0主her than an iron ore smel由19
furnace.
币le II也ùm~
test results required on test bars 1.2. in.
in 'diameter 捻硝 be in accordance wi白白，e follow坦g
table:
181
lndian Boiler Regulations
Ma切地l/or tubes and
other pressure 如rts
Transver:双 test
Minimum tensile strength
Kglmm
Tonsj勾.
on span 0/45.8 Cm (18 in.)
Minimum transverse breaking load in
lbs.
1<g.
in.
Minimum deflection in
Cms.
inches
Grade 16.5
26.∞
16.5
1,052
2,320
0.434
0.17
Grade 14 iron
22.00
14.0
934
立，060
0.407
0.16
Grade 12 il'on
18.75
12.0
839
1,850
0.382
.0.15
Note:
16.5, 14 and 12 iron correspond to 26, 22 and
18.73 kg/cm2 (16.14 and 12 to附) minimum 始即ile
strength respectively.
Gr革de
(b) on analysis, the sulphur and phosphorus
§hall not exceed 也.e following pe民entages:
c.omponents
Tubes
Headers
COI吐白t
Sulphur percent 必1ax. Phosphorus percent Ma x.
0.15
0.1 5
1.00
1.00
(c) Minimum Manganese content shall be related to
sulphur content by the following formula :
(% Sulphur x 1.7) 千 0.3
= % Manganese.
Which must be shown to be sa始sfied by rOlltine quality
control Laboratory analysis. In anyevent the Man军anese
shall not be less 在an 0.5 per cent and shall be wi泣m
the range 0.5 per cent and shall be with站住e range
m•-:-0 .90 per cent. Phosphorus content shall be kept
as low as economically possible but in no cirαlIIlstances
shall it exceed 1.0 per ce挝.
507.τest Bar勘…{的 When
the test bars are cast
隙parately，也ey shall be poured at the same time and
from the same ladle of metal as 由ecas由\g 01' cas柑\gs.
位1ey represent. The number of test bars specified i企
Regl出tion 508 shall be applicable to all castings of
each melt.
(b) When the bars are cast on the mould for the casting
and the mould for 也e test piece sha11 be jo拍ed together
in such a manner 自at 出e liquid metal fills both moulds
at the same operation.
(c) All test bars shall be cast in green sand 0 1' in loan Qr
sand moulds according as 协 w]辑也er the casting
or 臼S油\gs 由ey represent are moulded in green sand,
时 in loan 01' dry sand respectively.
命y
(d) The test bars shall not be subjec始d to any heat
trea恤.ent after leaving the moulds except where 也e
C豁出19S are heat treated. i
508. Number of τensile Test仔-但)吐le number of
tests required for each batch of ca价部gsshall be in
accordance with the follówing table the variou军 dasses
of castings being divided into 4 representative groups:
Group
1
Weight 0/ casting
Upto 281bs.
2
Over 28 lbs. and
3
upto 1 cwt.
Over 1 cwt. 矗Z吆
upto 1 ton
γ'est re号uirements
One test for each 30 cwts.
of castings 01' part thereof.
One test for each 2 tons of
castings 01' part thereof.
One test for each 3 tons of
castings 01' part thereof.
岳飞出e above Groups 1, 2and 3, all castings represent忍d
by one test must be poured from the same ladle of
Same heat 掘出.e bar 01' bars provided fo l' the test.
4
(b)
One test for each 4 tons of
irnportant castings : castingβ01' part thereof 01'
for each casting wèíghing 4
tons 01' more.
Over 1 ton and
Condi位ons
Test
for Acceptance and for Rejection :
Result
1st
Pass
2nd
Tensile 01' Trans耐
verse test fails
If both pass
If eíther fails
Conclusion
The batch 01'
sep在r的e casting
represented shall be accepted.
Two more tests shall be made.
The batch 01' separate
c在sting
represented shall be accepted.
The batch 01' separat'程 castings
represented shall be rejec俊&
Provided always 出时， ÌI飞往le case of failure of any test
piece showing obvious casting defects, another test piece
血all be taken from spare testbars or cut from a casting
from 也e same batch and the results obtained from 出is
substituted for those obtained from the defective test
ba括.
509. Standard Test Piece- The tensile test bar shall
following. Bars
may be tested with either plain 0 1' screwed ends.
conf让也 to the dimensions shown in the
182
Indian Boiler Regulàt f(ms
才 For economiser of Gilled Tube 守pe of approved design
made from 16.5 grade iron the limitation for a maximum
working pressure may be increased to 52.7 Kg./c凯2
(750 lbs. sq. in.)
water outlet temperature-τhe
d臼i萨∞ndi悦。ns shall be such that the maximum outlet
water tempera阳re of the economiser shall be at least
400 F below the saturated steam temperature in 位le
boiler drum.
512.
、
B D
A P
m. m. in.
1.20 0.798 0.50 -:2
双飞，
R
m.
3
1
/2
C
m.
2
E
m.
111M SF
F
m.
1
1
/8
Lp
b
m.
m.
81/8
57 /
Provided that 也is requirement shall not apply tQ
economisers used on low pressure water heating system
working at pressure less 出部\ 120 公. head of water.
8
11 乌 SW
STEEL ECONOMIS军RSWITHOR WIτHOUT
CAST IRON SLEEVES ON THE TUBES
1he test bars shall bê cast 部 cylindrical bars of 由e
.diameters given in Col. B and 埠achined to the
… dimensionsgiveninGols.-D&Pin 泣\e aboveTable.
CONSTRU CfION REQUIREMENTS
CAST IRON ECONOMISERS
510. The manufacturer shall, on the ba部 of desi伊
details, satisfy the Inspecting Au也ority regarding 出e
design and the strength of all parts of cast íron
econ创nisers 甜bject to the following max坦1础nworking
pr栩栩 res:
Max. 烈反
{1)
Ordina可 Vertical
Tube
325 lbs./sq.in
(2) .Ordit' ary V牵ì:tical Tube with
strengthened t铺路
3751bs/sq.‘ in.
(3) Ring Stay Ver悦，cal Tube
4751挠 .1 吨 in
(4) Gilled Tube type a proved design
45.7kg.lcm2
(650 lbs. 1sq.in.)
511. Joint Bolts and Studs for Cast Iron Economisers…working pressure for the bolts and
studsshall be calculated by Regulation 518.
{的白1em拟imum
(b) The use of studs tapped into cast iron is pem由sible
where:
。)
Ec~nomiser
The studs and nuts are not in the pa位。fthe flue
gases;
(ii) The studs are carefully 鼎readed to gauge and
fitted into tapped holes of 缸nple dep位\.
513. Tubes : Construction- (a) 白\e tubes shall be
manufacturedinaccordance wi也Regulation 王 51，
(b) Suitable provision shall be madefor supporting
horizontal tub部 at one or more interval in their length
to relieve bending str'础ses and these supports as well
as the end connèctions must permit free exp叙飞sion.
514. Tubes : Workin窑 Pressur!令一如\ewor.挝ngpressure
of the tubes shall be calculated in accordance with
Regulatiòn 338 (啡， but the working metal temperature
shaU, be taken 邮址\e maximum water tempera阳re for
. which the part of the elemènt is d剧增\ed plus 11 oC
(200 P).
515. Headers : Construction- 创刊e headers shal1 be
constructed in .accordance with Regulation 154,
(b) Branches
sha吕 be
secured by
∞e
of the following
部e啦。ds: 】
口)
Expanded , belled and welded.
。) Streng由 welded with additional securing me缸\5.
(3) Full depth strength weld.
(4) Branches le部队an 2 inch bore may be screwed
and seal welded.
(c) Open ends of forged for seamless steel tube headers
may be cIosed by forging, or the ends may be secured
by bolting, screwing, or welding in an approved
manner.
Working Pressure-由 (a) Rectangular
曰eaders… Theworking pressure shall be calculated in
accordance with ReguIation 340.
516.
Header革:
Indían Boiler Regulations
1古丁3
(b) Cylindrical Headers，一币\e working pressure shall
be ca1culated in accordance with Regulations 270 and
271.
517. Attachment of Tubes to Headers- (的 Tubesshall
be connected 抽出e tube plates by one of the following
methods:
(月 Expanding with bell mounting or seal welding.
(2) Strength welding.
(3) Mechanical bolted joint.
(b) Roller expanded tubes shall pr咿ct 也rou拚也e
neck or bearing part in theiholes by at lest quarter of an
inch and shall be secured; from drawing out by being
in1
bell mou也ed to 白，e exteht of 1/32" for each inch 扭
diameter plus 2/3扭2"
(ωcο)
Tubes
ex
净
pan，咀
岱
d
ed 阳
int怡
oh
挝
1恕
e
槐
挝
a
der
岛s ma
町
y
be seal-welded
header. Where a seal weld is
provided inside the header，技\e tube end projection
and bell mouthed specified in (b) is not required.
拙s
忍id
岱，
e 时
0 r outside 啦，e
(d) In the case of roller expanded tubes the tube holes
in the headers shall be formed in such a waythat the
tubes can be effectively tightened 始 them， there shall
be a neck or belt of parallel se硝ng of at least 1/2 inch.
{的Where the tubes are strength welded direct to 出e
headers, the technique followed shall be approved by
也e Inspecting Authority and all welds shall be suitably
heat treated.
(f) Bolted join怡
518.
shall
be
desi机，ed
in accordance
wi也
Re肌llation
(g) Tubes spacers supporting clips and lugs may be
welded to the tubes.
A= 贺i.e
area exposed to pressure which 1s assumed
to be bounced by a line midway between 注\e
pitch line of the bo1ts and the inner edge of the
flange where flat joints are used wi也 joint rings.
Where conical joints faces are used with jo烛t
rings , of curvilinear cross-seçtion, the area
exposed to pressure shall be assumed to extend
to ther∞t of the thread where the tube ends are
screwed, or to a corresponding boundary if 也e
flanges are attached byo也.ermeans.
C = 4,700 for steel bolts or s蚀ds of 28 tons/sq. in.
minimum ultimate tensile stress where the
diametεr ovèrthread in less than 3/4 inch.
C = 5,100 for steel bolt嚣。'r studs of 30 tons/sq. in.
minimum ultimate tensile stress where the
diameter over 出read is lessthan3/4inch.
C 黯 5，600 for steel bolts or studs of 35 tons./sq. in.
minimum ultimate tensile stress where the
diameter over thread 'is less than3 /4 inch.
C 巨 5，600 for steel bolts or studs of 28tons/sq. in
minimum u Itimate tensile stress where the
c::Iiameter over 出read is not less than 3/4 肌d
and llOt greater 出an 7/8inch.
C = 7,000 for steel bolts or studs of 28 tonsfsq. in
minimum ultimate tensile stresswherethe
diameter over 趴read is greater than 7/8 inch.
,
,
Where 也e bolts or studs used have a tensile stren萨
exceeding 32 如ns sq. 怕. a p 1ate shall be perm翻ently
fixed 始也，e economiser s位ucture in a prominent posi悦。n
drawing a忧enti∞ to 制s fact in case rep1acements of
boltsors织成s are neçessary. In no èase shall the nuts be
均创ed 协 the acti∞ of the flue g部
(b)在洁白ickness
位at
of each flange shall be not less than
given by 出e fol1ow~g equatioI飞:
(h)在le tubes shall be 50 arranged 也就住ey are accessible
如，r
t= 旦旦兰口1 - D)]
c1eaning intemally and exte泣\ally.
]OINT BOLTS AND STUDS
518. ]oint Bol饵， Studs 姐d 扭扭，ge肿- (a) The maximum
working presssure for the bolts shall be determined by
the following formula :
N xC
W.P.= 一一:.
A
I _
1.28 \
I飞 D- 一叩
i
n
I
2
Eqn. (121)
where
N 嚣 No. of bolts securing the pa必s，
n= 民o. of screws 出reads per inch,
D = Bolt Diameter in inches measured over the
thread嚣，
,
t=
P=
D=
D=
where
Thickness of flange 抽出irty-提conds of an inch.
Working pr，创sure， in pounds per square inch
(gauge).
Outside diameter of the tube in inch制.
Pi始\ circle diam就er or bolts or studs in inches.
Provided 也就 such flange is cast integral with
the body and w抽出eappro抖ateinterr稳lcomer
radius.
In no case, however, shall the thickness òf a
less than 扭曲irty悔seconds of an inch.
fl部，gebe
Indian Boiler Regulations
184
VALVES AND MOUNTINGS
FEED PIPES
519. (a)τhennomelers巾- A l1 economisers shal1 be
provided with Thermometer窑 for measuring water
temperature adjacent to the in1et and outletconn础。ns.
520. General- Feed pipes may be made of steel, cast
iron or copper but cast iron pipes will not be accepted
0
forawor比19 pressure over 2∞ lbs. per sq.in. or 425 P.
Copper feed pipes shall be solid drawn and not exceed
8" extemal diameter and may be used for a working
pressure not exceeding 350 lbs. or 3∞Op.
i tin口ease
(b) Relief Valve←-Ava1vew挝也由allprev四
of p!essure beyond a prede惚m由\ed liIr由 shall be fitted
to every economiser and 白edesi伊 shall provide against
unauthorised interfererice with the loading. Econom总erswi也 pressur，唆 P缸ts of cast iron and arranged in
F创lpS of tiers conn时能d by cirαlla阳g piping shal1
have a relief v a1ve fi:xed 船倒也 group or tier. Re lief
v a1ves should have a minimum diameter of 2"
(c) pre幡ureGauge-… Means for indicating the pressure
in 仕\e econom部er 结tallbepro功ded by a Pressure Gauge
constructed on the linesof R怠恩达ation 327.
(d) Air ReleaseValves… Means must be provided for
al1 points'where'airacα服则latio说­
→→一血e …release..of airat
mayoe，αlr.
•
{的 Blow o~f Drain V;dve
Means must be provid创
draining 生heeconomis就∞mpletely of water.
for
line-.- Economiser
provided with means for hea由\g the incoming feed by
皿以加g it with hot water飞 from the economiser outlet
must have a non-r的um v a1ve in the hot water retum
D锦ignPre崎，ure for Feed Piping- The design p陀随ure
sha l1 be the 凯 axi肌um pressure generated in
overcoming friction and other losses in the feed piping
旧\der ordinary working conditions, or 也.e maxim田a
pr部sure which can be generated by 注\e boiler feed
pumpsur业.esss严cia1 provision is madë to prevent 也就
pressure being communicated to 也.e pipe line.
521. Steel Feed Pip伽… Steel feed pipes shal1 be in
with Chapter vm.
aαordance
'522;'Cä革fIi'ònFeëa烈#ιu口百盯t局面出出面…
forma恼ialof ∞'nstruction and tests for cast iron pipes
shall comply with Regu1ations 505 to 509.
。)在\e maximum working pressure shall be determined
by 也e
(句 Non-re如m Valves in return feed
k施
(g) Reserve 白山s- In every case a reserve flue shal1
be 严'ovided for by passing. the flue gases when no
\Water is being fed to 由e b.oiler 也rough 出eecono血iser
where it is not integra1 with boiler.
(h) Explosion doors一 τo relieve the. economisers of
excessive pressure accumulation due to internal
expliωiond∞rsp阻ferably of horizontally 划nged 'selfsealing' type shal1 be fitted.
(i) Hydraulic Test- Al1 v a1ves and mountings shell
withstand satisfactorlly a hydraulic test 始孰e 锦me
p坦ssure as will be applied 怡和.e economiser during its
fol1owing' fonnula :
130 (t - 6)
W卫=一一王一…
在qn..(122)
where,
t =写出ickness in 也irty唰secondsof'an inch.
d = the external diameter气of 也e pipe in inches.
52
却
3.
Copper Feed 归
P ipe
创螃-圃町'
forma
挝te
挝rial
创 of ∞
cons
怒$位拙飞ucti
怪io
∞
na
栩
nd te
础
st怡s tor ω:oppe
c，
盯rp
内
3刘i江
咆E沱陆s
shal1 comply with 寂
1~egulation 35.
(b)在lema对m出nwor剖ng pressure shall be de枪口时ned
by 也.efol1ow站在
formula:
6O (t 叫 3)
W.P. 辄一 d
在等\.
(123)
where￥
t= 位úckness
in hundred出5 ofan inch.
d 嚣 externa1 diameter of the pipe in inch础.
registra钱。n.
G> Feed Lin e-- Alterna悦ve means of fee也鸣曲.e boiler
other 也an through 出eeconomis町 shall be provided.
(问 Non-return Valve-- A v a1ve shall ~， provided in
the hot feed line between 也e 配on创挝serand 也eboiler
to prevent the discharge of steam or water from 白e
boiler Ínto 也eeconom总er.
523A. Feed Heaters and similar vessels fitted to Feed
Standard requirements, materials of
∞
t
o础tr恨tio
佣
'n and al10wable Wi。时rk
挝in咯
gpr
，捏
e 锦ur'
仲
令←←←~同~翩幽嗣
e
由
s
h必a1l ∞
co汩pl坊
yw
阔i仕也1巾忱出le
们re
吨
q础r咄len邸
t怡sofα\a
哼
pt.惚
偌
e
rs1， IIand
m for riveted construction. If ωwelded constructioÌ'l,
such vessels shal1 comply with the requirements of
ChapterX窍， provided that radiographic exam如ationof
welds may be waived, for pressure not exceeding 17.5
Pipes一 (a)
185
Indian Boiler Regulations
问./cm2
(250 lbs./sq. in.). For parts of vessels of
composite construction, the requirements of the
appropriate re伊lations of the above Chap惚s shall be
comp坦.ed with as may be app挂.cable to each such part.
WP =
A=
‘
Pressure- Working pressures of all parts
shall be determ.ined by the appropriate formulae given
in 也.ese regulations. Due consideration shall be given
to 白e following additional points while ca1culating 位\e
stresses.
制 Working
a=
z=
N=
n=
Thestres部 due to self-wei拚tofve附Is and its conte附
and any super-imposed vessel or other equipments,
回叫ation and these due to static head, if any and pipes
andò出ersim过盯 par饭时tached to the vesse l.
(c) Safety valve requirement in. feed heaters and
vessel shall be protected
wi出 a relieving device of sufficient capacity to avoid
over pressure in case of intemal failure.
毒imilar vessels-… Eve可 such
(d) Inspection during construdion, stamping and
testing- Th~se shall comply wi拉出e appropriate
Regulations of Chapter I.
REGULA'τION
PECfIO到
FOR REGISTRATION A剖DINS­
OF ECONOMISERS AND FEED PIPES
524.Prep缸'ation for Inspectio注一 (a)Ateach 加spec位on
出e economiser shall be emptied and thoroughly c1eaned
intemally and extemally and in 出.e flues. All mountings
shall be opened up and all caps, d∞rs and blank flanges
removed to permit adeqúate inspection.
(份
坊} τ
b
Theo
仰wne.
，阳飞恕础
创rofane.
e
配
cωo
∞
no:侃
刷
πm
ú捡
s时刷t怡
owhich 血i挝
sR
，除
e凯d
点
柑挝O
a
∞
n
i沁
s app益
licabl，.e始
shall
ob怡泣扭1 役也飞岭
e
approval
甜
0f 泣1也
.e
Chieff
In毯s严
p ecto:
何
'r 祀
in wri古估1珞
g 怡
tο
wh
阳
1咀ich 挝1飞恕
ep
严ro
叩
p创e
础s tωo use arid 命
shall
班1 be responsible for
创\Suring 也.at 也e method so approveàυis followed in
practice.
525. Procedure for Regulation- 例。1 陀ceiptof an
application for registration 役\e In:spector shall after the
econonùser has b时n prepared for examination, take
full particulars of 位\edesi伊 and ascertain 位\e workirig
pressure allowed by the Regulations.
(b) The fitness of 出e economiser parts shall be
detem飞ined as per the following formulae :
{斗 Cast iron smooth tube 世conomisers with
pressed 80c ket jointsAZ
70a
W卫捏一一+
225N
n
E电n.
(124)
where,
Design pressure in pounds per square inch
(gauge).
Area of contact surface of a single socket,
square inches
Cross-sectional area measured on the mean
diameter of a socket- hole, in square inch笛，
Breakdown load of urueinforced socket
joint in pounds.
Number of stays per header.
Number of sockets per header.
For exis协\g standard desi伊sthe breakdown load of
an unreinforced socket joint shall be taken as not greater
位.an 13,500 lbs. For designs not aheady in use before
轨.e date of this standard the corresponding figure shall
be taken as not greater 也.an 75 per cent of the load as
determ.ined by experiment.
(ü)
}圣明ders
of approximately rectangular cross-
section制阳
W.P.=
C (t - 2)
b2
在 qn.
(125)
where,
t = Thickness
inth恼y-seconds of an inch.
between the sides of header
supporting the surface, k ,ches.
WP= [沁si伊 pressure， in pounds per square inch
(gauge).
c = 11 where the water side surface is flat.于
= 22 where the water side surface is curved,
provided 也at 位\e Curvature is continu叫
W挝lout 坦terruption and 在e 出ickness at
槌ch end of 也.e side is not less 位lan 出at
determ.ined with C = 11.
b 嚣 Distance
In no case, however, shall the thickness öf 也e side of a
header be less 在an 16 位irty-seconds of an inch at any
part.
(ili) Headers of approximately drcular crosssection一
W.P.=
0.6K (t - 5)
D
丑字、 (126)
where,
t 昂币ùc如\ess
WP=
in
th挝y唰seconds
of an inch.
D臼ign pressure, in pounds per squ缸einch
(gauge).
D 嚣Outside
diameter of header in inches.
K = 265 for Grade 16.5 Iron.
嚣 240 for Grade 14 Iron.
= 220 for Grade 12 Iron.
lndian Boiler Regulations
是 186
Them扭扭lum 吐出挝\ess of plain cyl!ndric负1 portions of
D 嚣Outside
diameter of bend 阳
1< = 265 for Grade 16.5 Iron.
= 240 for Grade 14 Iron.
坦 220 for Grade 12 1室。n.
headerin 由at part of the length wlúch does not contain
tube hol邸点油 comply with 出e requirements of sub销
dau僻(v).
In no cas巳 however， shall the thkkness at any point
may be less than 16 也irty-sec∞ds of an inch.
(iv)
Tub壁'明
1< (t - c)
W卫跑一百…m
E哇孔 (127)
whe捋，
In no case, however, shall the 位úckness of a connector
bend be less than 10.3mm (13 伽irty咽conds of an
inch) for 18.75 kg/ cm2 (12.0 tons 吨. in.) and 22.00 kg/
C时， (14.0 tons/sq. in.) grade iÌÒn~ and 9.0 mm (11
也irty-seconds of an inch) , for 26.00 kg1cm2 (16.5 tons/
吨. in.)grade iron.
t= 出kkness
WP =
o=
X黠
=
=
C =;
=
in thirty-seconds of an inch.
Desi萨 pressu窍， in pounds per 吨uareinch
(gauge).
Outside diam础erof 始be in inches.
265 for Grade 16.5 Iron.
240 for Grade 14 Iron.
220 for Grade 12 Iron.
4 for portion where gi11s act as
reinforcement.
5 for portion not reinforced.
In no c残se， however, shall the 在ickness at any poinf
may be less than II 在irty-seconds of an inch.
O.81< (t - 5)
D
Eqn. (128)
Tοc
∞。mpl悖
Y
with equa钱οn(口127
窍).
MANIFOLDP
阴
IP嚣S帽-
Tοc
∞
ompl悖
Y
with equation (128苟).
(c) The Inspector shall ente:r full particulars of 出e
economisers toge出.er with the requÌI唱 calculations of
variouspar饭 in a-Memorandum of the Insp配tionBook
(Form IX) and submit it to 版 Chief Insp时tor.
(cl) If no formula or co-e捕cient applicab险 to any part,
。也er than what is mentioned above, is contained 抽出e
(的 After
Inspecting the economiser and
ascert~莓，
as'pr部αibed， thema地mum working pressure to wlúch
where庐
2 黯也ickness in 役lirty嗡衍。nds
of an inch.
WP= 阳军ign pressure, in pounds per square inch
(gauge).
D 瑞Outside diameter of pipesin inches.
1< = 265 for Grade 16.5 Iron.
黯 240 for Gradé 14 Iron.
= 220 for Grade 12 Iron.
In no ca饵i however，键时1 出e 在ickness of a manifold
pipe or branch be less 出an14 也irty-seconds of an inch.
(vi) Cast iron economisers with extended surface
....orizontal tubes, connector b毒ndsI< (t 咿 5)
W.P.= …
o
翠qn.
t 嚣百úcknes章。fb铅din 吐úrty-seconds
it may be worked, the Ins pector shall wi阳ess the
hydraulic test in accordance with Re gulation No. 527
and may issue a Provisional Order in Form X.
526. frocedure at ~u加叫uent Inspection- 创 After
economiser has been deaned the Inspector shall
make a thorough examination so far as 如∞ns位uction
permits. The extemal condition of the tubes 点。uld be
carefully noted for wasting esp时ially at the feed inlet
end and all accessible tubes 钱。叫d be calibered. The
intemal surfaces of cast iron tubes shou1d be dose与
observed for graplútic wasting as far as it is possible
and 拙 the event of any 如be failure these should be
broken up for scrutir哝豁出at the general intemal
condition of the other tubes may be es始nated.
践e
(129)
where,
of an
inch.
WP = Design press山也 in pounds per square inch
(gau事e).
TUBES
Regulations, the Chief Inspector sha11 at lús discretion
determine the fi姐ess of 由e part.
(v) Manifold Pipe如W丑嚣
inches.
在)
Where tubes or other parts are wasted, the strength
shou1d be recalculated.
(c) The scraper gear should be examined to note if any
is adequate and
if the scrapers are correctly adjusted.
pa出 aremi辈革ing if 白e length of travel
187
Indian Boiler ReguÙl tions
(d) A11 cap bolts are to be inspected, also the condition
and position of the dampers and baff1es.
(e) The record of each 如spection and calculations will
in the Memorandum of Inspection Book.
be 叙\tered
自7. Procedure for I王ydraulic Test.… Every economiser
for registration shall be hydraulically tested 抬出e
presence of an Inspector to 1 1/2 times the working
pr'臼sure. Hydraulic tests of econo放úsers at subsequent
examination sha11 when required by the Inspector, be
made after the inspection. 在le test pressure to be
applied to economisers at subsequent exa放出'\ati僻\s
sha11 be from 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 times 也ewor挝ngpressure
of 出eeconoIr臼ers. During 泣le 始st， a11 parts extema11y
andin 也e f1u部 sha11 be noted for leakage.
528. Memorandum of Inspection Boo~…In制sbook
the Inspector sha坦 enter a11 particulars and dimensions
of 白e economiser wi能出ereq:时red calωlationsfor 出e
various partsto伊拉er with details of hydraulic tes t. At
subs吨uentinsp棋tion 也.e Inspector shall enter a11 notes
perta国ing to the condition of the various parts.
•-
529. 如) Registration Book
Registration B∞k sha11
be maintained on the lines of Regu1ation 387.
(b) Transfer of Memorandum of Inspection Book and
Registration Boob-… on an economiser passing from
one State' to ano也er，校le Memorandum of Inspection
and Registration Book shall, on the request of the Chief
Inspector of the State to which 出e economiser has been
transferred, be forwarded to 也就 Officer who sha11
take over their custody and maintain them as
prescribed.
530. Grant of Certificate… A cér时icate for the use of
an economiser shall be granted in Form XI.
531. Casual Visits- (a) The Inspector shall note if 出e
economiser is working satisfactorily, and if the relief
valves are correct1y adjusted, if the scraper gear is
opera出19 and if 也.e extemal brick work is free from
cracks.
如)
He shall also ascertain that the maker's ins位双ctions
for working are being strictly fo l1owed by 佳丽 owner.
Note: It is recommended that the f，始d inlet tempera如re to
the economiser should not be less than 100oF, to
prevent sweating and consequent extemal corrosion
of the tube and bottom heaters.
532. Economiser Rating- The ra位咆由a11be 吨uivalent
area of the heatings surface in square 凯.eters
which shall be co剧pu ted from the tubes' and the
headers.
飞
to 位e
533. Registration Fe←喃 An application for règistration
of Economiser shal1 be accompanied by appropriate
fee as spec迁ied below:
Rs.
For Economiser rating not exceeding 50
5∞
For Economiser ra位ng exceedmg
50 but not exceeding 100
600
For Economiser ra街19 exceedin在 1∞ but not exceeding 150
700
For Economiser ra除19 exceeding 150 but not exceeding 2∞
800
For Economiser rating exceeding 200 but not exceeding 250
900
For Economiser rating exceeding 250 but not exceeding 300
950
ForEconomi靠自服自19 exceeding
300 but not exceeding 350
1000
For Economiser ra由\g exceedi吨 350 but not exceeding 4∞
1100
ForEconomi能r rating exceeding , 400 but not exceeding
450
121∞
For Economiser rating exceeding 450 'but not exceeding 5∞
1300
For Economiser rating exceeding 500 but not exc~eding 础。
14∞
For Economiser ra出，g exceeding 600 but not exceeding 700
1500
For Economiser ra加g exceeding 700 but not exceeding 8∞
16∞
For Economiser rating exceeding 800 but not exceeding 9∞
17∞
For Economiser rating'exceeding 900 but not exceed趴在 1000
1800
Andabove10∞ sq. metres rating for every 200 吨 metres or part thereof, an additional fee of Rs.
shall be charged.
1∞
Indian Boiler Regulatwns .
188
534. Engravingof Registry Number--:-(a) Every
economiser sha挂 have apla始附在 its re阱时 number
engraved, secured in a conspicuous place and wherever
practicable s悟mped for identificati∞ with 仕latnumber
in a prominent place. The engraving shall be d∞e
wi也inapeI如doftwomon也s from the date of receipt
of 阳 re后stry number.
(b) A letter "E" shall bere自xedto 伎\e regis位ynumber
抽出e denominator of the appropriate device as shown
in Regulation 382.
Example:
UP
any such fi忧ings like feed water heater，出e fees shall
be equal to the registration fees of the boi1er to which
feed 抖，pe is attached subject to a maximum of Rs. 1500.
(b) The fees for scrutitty of lay~out plans of f，制内部
shall be Rs. 20 for 30 metres of piping or par支出，ereof，
subject to a min协，um of Rs. 50, exc1usive of fit创ngslike
feed water heater for any such fittings 监e feed wa怡r
heater, the fee shall be Rs. 510.∞ for each such fi就ings.
CHAPTER XlI
SHELL TYPE BOILERS
E幡53
(c) The engraving shall be completed and ready for
days from the date of receipt
of the 四萨'aving slip from the Chief Inspector of the
State.
verificati，∞ wi制n 剧rty
")bmz白白hav彗阴羁咽rdevice到暨些肿。血
prescnbed in clauses (a) and (b) shall have such
devic'臼 crossed out or erased and 相，graveda new
inconformity with those prescribed in the clauses
aforesaid. 币\e 0往伊毗 numbers of such 肘。nom剖rs
shall be retained in thenew dev!ce, provid刨出at in
the case of economisers opera出g in an area which
c∞se伊创.t up∞由er'ω，rg剧组tion of State fònns part _
of ano位er 5生ate. A number once a1lot始d sha1l not be
used again in ano血er economiser.
…邸se
,
534A. (a) Inspectionof Feed Pipes:- Feed pip咽 shall
and hydraulica1ly 阳ted before er'时tion
in place, and the hyd.raulic tes生 pressure shall be not
less than twice the working pressure of 也，eeconomiser.
Ace而ficate from the re∞grúsed maker or Inspecting
Authori吵佼础出is has been done may be accepted. If
出，e Inspector is satisfied wi伯世\e test，出，epipes maybe
erected. No separate cer注ficate for feed pipes sha1l be
i黯ued， nor shall a separate fl榈树 charged for 血甜
be 协spec讼d
ms严ction.
(b) At sub臼quent 恼伊ction or at any
OFW缸.DED
cor峰ST1主UCT10N
other 出岭，在e
弘呼础。r IIlaym础eane对emal 抽呼就tionoffl臼dpipes
535. Applica辈ion-η1能e Regulations shall apply to all
boi1ers of fusion welded ωnstruction other 也anWater
Tubeboi1邸 and El<配泣。de boi1ers referred to in Chapter
Vand X respectively.
WJ:i函飞耐 -de虱运正-of豆豆豆-boiïer"i主 oTco吟出ite …
constructi∞，
viz. , part 恼ion welded and part riveted,
it shall complywith the relevent regula悦。ns govemìrig
位atp部tiC1必ar 守peof ωns位u甜。民
536.
GeneralReql革iremen饱…Where applicabl怠 the
伊，eral 理嗜血牺\ents of Chapter 1 rel幽\g to Certifica惚
from Makers, h璐君ec自19Au位\örities， and 也e like and
of Chapter III concerning construction, shall be
followed.
,
部队. Equipment of Workshóp-四例Theweld拍gplant
andequipm四taretobeofg∞d 呼!ality 部咀 mainta如，ed
in an efficient working _condition. The welding
appara恼 is to be 坦stalled under cover and arranged
so that welding work',may be carried out in positions
free 加m draugl:飞，ts andadverse weather ∞nditions.
古巴 prQCedure is to be such that thereis regu:lar and
systematic supervision of the welding works, and 血e
welding 叩erators 缸e to be subjected by the works
officials to periodic tests for quality of wor险阻ship.
Records of thesεtests are to be kept and are to be
avai1able to 自e mspecting Officers for scrutiny.
and ü found in an unsatisfactory condition he sha1l
report 出，ematterto 也，e Insp仅tor who may require 也e
pi严s to be hydraulically tested.
welding plant
equipment and quality control personnel. However,
Submission of P1ans of Feed Pipe←酬(的The
fees for the scru怡ny òf plans and partiα.t.1ars of 血e
material, d创ignandco邸truction of f，伺dpi严窑， befo黯
commencement of manufacture of the f，制d pipes shall
be at 注\e rate of Rs. 30 for 30 meters of pip始g or part
出ereof， su句ect 如 a minimum of Rs. 50, inc1usive of..all
fi甜ngsexcep位19 fittings like feed water heaters. For
and heat treatment is n供 nece在sa可. The manufadurer
can be tiψup for 出，ese facil.ities outside and a letter
from thepa此Y with whom he makes a ti~up should be
made avai1able to the Chief Inspector of Boi1ers of 血e
State Inspecting Authori生y or his representa悦，vesh饥ùd
be allowed to ins严。也e material in 岳飞e laboratory of
the party during the test.
(b)η恕 works- should be e华均p创 with
thee呼npmerits fordestn且ctive， non-destructive 烟ting
白4B.
lndian Boiler Regulations
白7. Materials of Constn革ction- P1ates, sections and
bars used in 仕\e construction of these boilers shall
comply in all respect with 也e requirements of Chap始r
n and V.
Where, however, the tensile strength
ex岱eds 32 tons
per square inch. 役\efu起 det挝lsot.，也.eweldingt但hnique
如duding pre-heating and post-heating,- and the p 1ate
preparation to be used, shal1 be submitted to Inspec由19
A\且也ority for approv a1 before manufacture commences誓
538. Covered Electrode如- Where covered elec忧。des
are used they shall comply wi白白.e requirements of
Re忽llations 94 to 98 save in 注1e case of the weld metal
部 deposited， where 也.e tensUe s泣ength shall not be
less 也相注le lower limit specified for 也.eplate.
539. Plain and St哼 Tubes-… (a) Tubes shall comply so
far as may be with the provisions of Regulations 36 to
63.
For pla坦 tubes su问ected to extemal pressure lap
w e1ded steel tubes as provided in 也.eRe伊lations 64 to
67 may be used.
(b) Seamless 剖eel cross撇tubes uptake tube←唰 Cross幡
相.bes and uptake 灿b部 shall come wi也 Re伊lations
127 and 128 respectively.
540. Construction and workmanship… The
shall supply 役1e Inspec位19 Au出ority
wi趴 a fully dimensioned sectional draw站在 showing
infull de姐姐白.econs加ction of 注1e boUer for approval
before pu倒ng the work in hand.
凯anufacturer
Full detaUs including d坦l.ension嚣。f plates preparation
for the longitudinal and circumferer划al seams shall
alsobe shown on the drawing.
Fully dimensioned sketches showing in detaUs出e
attachment for stand唰pipes， branch pipes and seatings,
the position of these attachments relative to the
longitudinal and circumferential seams and other
o严时ng shall also be given in the drawing.
541. Preparation of Plates- The edges of all plates,
处la监视 machined or flame侧out by machine. Gus蹄t
plat部 may be sheared except on those edges which are
to be welded.
到ates
which are to flame咕utby machine. without
subsequent heat 饺剧协相t 萨如ding or machining，也all
not have a carbon content higher th础。.26 per cent.
Where 校1e carbon content exceeds 0.26 per cent, heattreatment, grinding or macl啦啦19 shall be carr去ed out.
189
币\e
edges of all plates shall have a smooth finish.
The welding edges of all plates shall be deaned to a
smooth mètallic surface and shall be free rus乞 oU or
o由.er foreign matter before welding is commenced.
The surfaces of 也.e platesat the longitudinal and/or
circumferential seams shaU at no part be out of
ali伊ment with one ano也erby more 也.an 10 per cent
of 也.eplate 仕ùckness but in no case shall misalignment
exceed 1/8 inch for longitudinal seams or 3/6 inch for
circumferentialseams.
驰2. Stre部 Relieving- For 血.e purpo阳 of relieving
internal stress all plates which have been d协.ed， flan伊d
or locally heated shall afterwards be, annealed 出让ess
during the last s始ge of manufacture 俭\ey have been
uniformly heated throughout.
543. Cylindrical Shell s- Except where the design
incorporates flat tube pl剖es in the 位甜， each ring shall
be formed.from not more 也an two plates and b四t to
cylindrical form to the extreme ends of the plate.τhe
bending shall be done entirely by machine. Local
hea由19 or ha黯mering shall not be used.
The longitudinal seam or seams may be placed in any
sui生able position but the 钝am器 in successive rings shall
not fall 泣rline.
In the ca钝 of brick set boUer鸣也.e seam or seams shall
be kept 槌 far as practi臼ble clear of 也.e brickwork.
到4.Ci民币甜ty…白le difference between 也.emax抽出m
and minimum intemal diameters of the shell measured
at any one cro伽section shall not exceed 1 per cent (lf
也.e nominal intemal diameter.
世lepro姐easme嘱sured
on the outside of the boUer by
means of a gauge of 佼1edes增时 form of the exterior of
出e boiler, having a length equal to one 守larter of 也e
intemal diameter, shall not depart from 也e design创
formbymore 血an theperc邵阳ge given in Table XII/ 1.
TABLE川汩的
Maximurn Percent盘ge of Departure From
Designed Form of Welded Boìlers
Nominal internal d臼阳的 OJ boiler D
Ma ximum d，仰rture
如晦 des您nedfo附
Inches
Upto and including 36
Over 36, upto and including 45
Over 45
Per 四nt
0.375
0.350
0.300
The院 shall be IlO flats at the welded seams and any
local depa戎ure from circularity shall be gradual.
lndian Boiler Regulaticms
190
f侃medwi也 an
ample radius at the junction of
~， ~the f1at and curved surfaces，船d sha11 be fr恍
from sharp comers or tool marks, the p1ate shall
not be unduly thinned.
545.End Plates, Crown Plates artd Tube Plate如翩翩The
end p 1ate of welded Lancashire and Cornish boilers
sha11 be flanged for attachm.ent to she11 p1ates.
(a) 白\e
dished end p 1ates of boilers sha11 be in one
piece made from one ro11ed plate. The flat end
plates may be made from two pieces by fusion
butt-welding. (see figures XII/1 and 沼). In the
latter case, the line of welding sha11 be para11el
to 也e horizontal axis of the boiler and sha11 run
through the centre line of 也rnace or furnaces of
Lancashire and similar types of boilers. In the
ca肥 of Mar坦.e type boilers, the weld shå11 be
located preferably b剖ween two rows of bar staÿs
or if 出ere is only one row ofbar stays, between
制srowand 也.e top row of stay tubes and sha11
besu同时ted to a spot radiographic examina位on，
otherwise it sha11 subjected t。如11 radio伊aphic
(的 Plates
which are flanged 抽 accordance with
RegUlation '545 (叶，氢ha11 be welded to 加 parts
to which 也.ey are to be connected as fo11ows:
(i) to she11s or cylindrical f让eboxes 部 shown
in Fi事ll"es XII /7, XII/8, XII月，用/100r
沼1/ 11.
(时 to
internal flue tubes as shown in Figures
XII/13，刘1/ 14 or XII/15.
, -
(iii) to uptakes as shown in Fi思lre XII/15.
但)
exa皿ination.
…
。)The
segments for hemispherical she11 crown
plates sha11 be pressed in one heat to correct
curvature and shaUbe butt-welded ， toge血衍 in
accordance with Figures 泪1/3，到1/4，到I150r
XII/6. The cylindrical portion of the crown sha11
be tangential 抽出.e hemispherical portion.
Plates w扭曲 amzun肌ge9: ~h委Il Þ~ ，Vf.一到4~t!，!Q."，
the parts to which 和.ey 盯e to be connected 部
fo11ows:
she11s as shown in Figure XII/12 or
XII/12A.
{吟 to
,
(vi) to intemal flue fubes or uptakes as-shown
in Figure XII/16.
Where hemispherical shellcrowns are pressed
from onep1ate the provisions of Regulation
547(b) sha11 apply.
(c) F1anging of plates sha11be done by 凯achine.
Such fl屈原ng sha11 be done hot, preferably in
one opera觅。n， but where 位留 is 监lpracticable，
creep machine flanging 皿ay þe used provided
也at the plate is worked at a suitable t础lpera饥ll"e
and heated for an ad叫uate distance beyond
that portion of the plate under immediate
to combustion chamber or firebox wrapper
plates as shown in Figure XII/17.
(v放) toco黯bustion chamber or firebox wrapper
plates as shown in Figures XII/ 碍， XII/19
or XII/20.
Where dished ends or crowns are used they shall be
flanged for connection to the she11 or the cylindrical
portion of 出e firebox. 目前 shell and J让ebox crown
plates of vertical boilers shall also be flanged for
c∞nection to the cylir叫出alportions of the shell or
firebox.
位ea拙1臼1乞
After completion of the. flanging operation
缸部'\ges shall be of 位ue periphera1 contour(either
circular or straight as necessary to ensure
accurate alignment wi钱也eωnnec柑19 par时，
and of good surface, free from bulges, grooves
or other localirregUlarities; flat portions of the
plate sl飞a11 be free from set or disto础。饥
{α)
In the construction of unfired boilers when the
dished ends do not forms a part of the heating
surface, cold spun dished ends conforming to
15: 2825 may be used.
(d) Where flats are pre部ed in dished end plates for
the attachment of mountings they shall be
The opening 抽出.e firebox crown p1ate of a vertic圳
boiler for the uptake shall be flanged and the cαlnection
to the uptake made by means of a circumferential buttweld. (see Figure XII/3, XII/岳， XII/5， XII/6).
•
,
546. Intemal Flue
(a) Sections of intemal flues shall
each be made from one p 1ate which shall be beI飞twhile
cold to circular form. The longitudinal seam shall be
forge lap-welded, or fusion butt唰welded by 在e metal
arc proc部s.
(仙彻
盼)The
b
加阳
们
e
ema
， 阳叫
瞅
W
1旧
础
m
献
aω
邮
泣
xd
也
i垃z
any cross-section sha11 not exceed 1/凡4 由
iI且1cl
命\0
时
'rh
阳
al茸f 设也\e'
of the p1ate, whichever is 出e greater‘
伎吆啦
C挝1恕
.es铅s
191
Indian Boiler Regulatíons
(c) Th.e longitudinal welds shall be placed at the lower
part of the fumace and shall break joint in successive
sections at least by 150 II四\.
(d) Where the f1 ue sections are f1 anged for
circumfe馆时ial joint窑 the flanging shall be carried out
at one heat by suitable machinery.
(e) Edges of all f1ùe f1anges shall be machined or f1amecutby macl由也 (see Re gu1ation 541).
(f) Flanged circumferential seams shall be arranged so
do not fall in line with those of the adjacent
f1ue or with circumferential 甜amsof 也.e shell.
也挝 they
(g) 白\e minimum mean intemal diameter of fumaces
shall oot be less than those given in Figure XII/20-A
depending on 注\e net heat input.
(gg) Where fumace flue is made up of plain or
corrugated sections or both，出ey may be connected to
each other by fusion l;lUtt welded circumfe附ltialseam嚣，
也那)
(i) P 1ain fumaces shall not exceed 3 m in len供1
exceptin 由.e case of reverse f1ame boilers, which
are considered to be inherently f1exible or as
provided in cIause (均. In allo也εrca铅s f1exibility
法all be provided in 也e fumace by meansof
corrugations or blowing h∞ps or steppingof a
minimum of 150 黯m in the diameter of the
fumace. (See fi胆res XII/2C地 to XII/20-F.)
If corrugations are used to provide f1exibility, at
leas是 one-也ird
of the fumace length shall be
corrugated.
Brea白ing
spaces as per sub-regulation (i) of
regu1ation 590 shall be provided for boilers made
as per 由is dause.
(i斗 Notwithstanding
pro由ions
of dause (i),
plain fumaces longer 出.an 3 m. are allowed to
be usedin a boiler when the 1<四.gth betwe凯
boiler end plates do not exceed 6.5 metres
provided 出at breathing spaces used in 役lÍS case
are in accordance with sub-regu1ation (ii) of
regulation 590.
the
(h) Where a complete f1ue is constructed of short p 1ain
of each adjoining section shall either
be swaged out to a radius to provide an adequate point
of support andlongitudinal f1exibility and bùtt-welded
toge也er or be butt-welded to each side of a bowling
h∞p. 性le d加飞.ensions shallcomply with Figures XIIl
23, XII/24 or XIIl25.
secti∞乳白e 四ds
。)
Stress relieving by heat-trea恼\ent shall be carried
out when the construction of a f1ue involves the use of
a circumferential weld such stress relieving being
carried out on the completion of all welding in
accordance with regu1ation 562.
0) The forms of f1ue connections to end plates shall be
as shown in Figures XII/13, XII/14 , XIIl 15, XII/16 and
XIIl 16A or su问ect to the approval of 也.e Inspecting
Authority, be in any other form of welding groove.
547. Fireboxes and Combustion Chambers…刨 F臂'
naces of Vertical Boilers一百\e fumaces of< ve放icaf
boilers may be constructed in one or more lengthwise
sections, each section being rolled from one plate to a
full ç,it'de. In such cases，由.e compone川 sections may
be jointed circumferentially by electrical butt-welding.
The welding shall be stress relieved in accordance with
regulation 5毛2.
In the case of vertical boilers where tube plates form
part of the firebox , the tube plate portion may be
constructed in two vertical sections and the welding of
the vertical s崎ms when welded shall be st主部srelieved.
permissible variation in diameter, at
any cross-section shall not exceed 1,4 inch for fireboxes
upto 3 feet in diameter, or 3/8 inch for 位eboxes over 3
feet in diameter, or half the 也ickn部s of 也.e plate
whichever isthe greater.
如\e max植\um
Circular fireboxes shall preferably be tapered. A taper
of 11f.z inches in diameter per foot of height. is
recommended.η\e water space at the bottom betwe白
血e firebox and the shell shall be not less 由an 2 inches
for boilers upto and induding 2 feet and 6 inches in
diameter and shall be not less 也相会记 inches for boilers
over 2 feet and 6 inches in diameter.
The method of welding shall be in accordance with
R怠事llation 558.
Flats formed 抽出.e firebox for the insertion of water
阳bes shall have an. ample radius at 出e.junction of 也e
f1at and 也e curved 削rfaces and shall be free from
sharp comers or tool m挝ks. 百\e plate shall not be
础lduly thinned.
Ogee flangin g, .whether integral wi也 the firebox or
made as separate ring shall preferably be formed at
one heat by suitable machinery and shall be allowed to
cool gradually to avoid intemal stresses.
lndian Boiler Regulations
192
Rings for firehole mouthpieces or foundation rings shall
be made of mild steel. Z sections shall not be used for
foundatiqns rings.
Attachment of fireboxes to cylindrical shells shall be in
accordance with Figures XII/26, XII/27， χ11/28 or
X1I /29.
The method of attachment of fireho始 mouthþii配部 shall
be in accordance with Figures XII/32 or XII/窍，
在)He嚣ispherica1 Fireboxe份- Hemispherical 如恰似筒
,
shàll be pressed to form by machine in pro萨essive
stages wi也out thinning and shall be annealed on
completion.
Methods of attachment of firebox to the shell be in
accordance with Figures XII/ 梢， XII/27, XII/28 or
XII /2 9.
The method of attachment of firehole mouthpieces and
也roatpieces shall be in accordance with Figùres XII/
32, or XII/33, XII/35 or XII/36.
(c) Loco-Type Fireboxes-….Locφtype firebox wrapper
plate sides shall preferably be tapered. 如\e water space
at the bottom between 也e fire七ox and the shell shall
be not less than 21h inches.
Wherethei泣ebox tube plate or firehole
plate is flanged
for connection 抬出.e wrapper plate, the weld shall be
located between the co部mencement of curvature of
the flange and f泣st row of screwed stays.
Ringsforfrreholem0u出piece嚣。f foundation
rings sha览
be made of mild steel.
Z sections shall not be used for foundation rings. 币\e
attachment of the firebox to the outer casing shall be in
accordance with Figures XII/29, or XII/30, or XII/31.
白l.e method
of attachment of firehole mouthpi机制 shall
be in accordance with Figures XII/32 or, where the
outer casing and the firebox plate are flanged towards
the water side to form 由e firehole, a ring of screwed
stays located at not more 也an half the average pitch of
the stays distant from the commencement of the
curvature of 出e flanging shall be provided (see Fi伊re
XII/37).
(d) Water-Cooled Combustion Chambers… The
attachment of 也e combustion chambers tube plates
and back plates to the wrapper plate shall be in
accordance with Figures 泪.1/ 17， XII/18, XII/19, XII /20
and where 也e 柏油 plate is flanged for connection to
出e wrapper plate the weld shall 协 located bètween
the commencement of curvature of 出.e flan革eand 也e
first row of sc陀wed stays.
在e 黯.ethod of attachment of fumace of flue tubes shall
be in accordance with Fi伊始s XII /1 4, X!1/15 or XII/16
and access openings shall be in accórdance with Figure
XII/32 or XII/38.
548. Uptak回- The uptakes shall be formed from
seamless or electric resistance welded or fusion butt
welded pipes by electric arc process. The tolerances on
these pipes shall comply with the requirements of
Regulation 345. The uptakes shall be fusion butt welded
to 出.e upward flange of the opening of the 仇:unace
crown plate in accordance with Figures XII/3 and
XII/4. The dep出 of 出e flange of the firebox crown
plate'õpërungrfõ配部的o"iil:íï丽成廷刷刷fofthe 刷牙va洒洒
of flange shall be not less than twice the plate 出ickness
witham部泣n四n of 1 inch. Unless 注\e whole boiler is to
be subsequ姐姐y stress relieved the 叩take and firebox
crown plate shall be effe础vely 嚣阳s relieved a我er
welding. Where the f:坟ebox crown plate is a1so fusion
welded to the body of 也e firebox as in Figure XII/15
the firebox complete with 也.e uptake sha远 be ef:fectively
stress relieved by heat trea如\ent on completion of all
welding.
The uptake may be attached to the shell crown as
indicated on Figure 足1/16 before 也e boiler is finally
stress relieved by heat trea挝nent.
Where the vertical seam of the uptake is fusion welded
the welding shall comply with Regulation 558 and the
weld shall be so arranged 出at it is extemally and
intemally (See Figure XII/34).
It is desirable 出at 出e uptake should be fitted with an
intemal cast iron liner extending below 也e low water
level.
549. Cross Tubes-- Cross tubes shall be made from
weldless steel pi严s or from plate or s位ip rolled and
electric resistance welded or fusion butt welded pip部
by electric arc process. The fusion welding 由被1 con..,
form 抬出.ere伊ire血ents of Chapter XII. Tolerances on
these pipes shall conform to the requirements of
Re伊lation 345.
The tubes shall be of suffident leng出 to project through
the 如ebox pla栓 notless 出an 1/4 inch or mO!ç t.'1an
IndíanBoi如'Re伊lations
193
5/8 inch at any part of 也.e c坟α.u:nference of 位四灿be.
shall be fusion welded in posi悦。几位.ehol，锦
in the fire七ox p 1ate shall be suitably chamfered, and
位\e seams 位all be welded extemally and intemally
(b) Flrebox
古\e 饥lbes
Stays-叩
(i) Screwed stays, screwed 出rough 佼\epl翻S
and riveted over at each end to form
substantial heads, or fitted with nuts, or
the projecting ends fillet~welded as
indicated in Figures XII/39 and >ÇII/4O.
(See 启事lre 泪1/34).
It is recommended 位\at where 位\e s栩如
are screwed，位ùs shall be with a fine 白read
and the stays and holes shall be screwed
with a continuous 伎tread.
The stays shall be sc黯wed with fine threads
of not less 血an l1份treads per inch.
PROJECTION NOT L孩ss 岱fAN
1/4 剧C窍~NσTMORE ηfAN
在\e screw 也Z锦ds
on the stays shall be
c1ean, free from chècks or 恼perfections，
of full depth, or a correct' standard form
and ~ good fit in the holes.
ANY PART OF
5/8 肘。王 AT
aR.CUl\i佼黯黯NC在 OFTUBE.
FIG. 泪阳毒… FUSION
WELDS OF CROSS TUBES
The middle porti∞ shall preferably be
tumed down to the bottom of 也e 伎tread.
550. Bar Stays and Firebox Stay帚… Each bar stay or
f让ebox stay sha挂 be made from a solid rolled bar
without weld in its leng白， excep生 where it is attached
to 也e plate it suppo郎，
但)
All screwed stays less 出租 14 抽出路 long
should preferably be drilled with a telltale hole 3/16 inch diameter to a depthof
1 /2 inch beyond 轨e 恒ner face of the plate.
Stays which are obscure on one side should
preferably be made from hollow stay bar.
Bar stays which have b回'n worked in the fire shall be
subsequently annea1ed.
when .the stay is in position 抽出e
shall be normal 抽出.e p 1ate it suppo邸，
butwhere 拉山 cannot be so arrangèd, then, if 也e stay
is fit毛ed with nuts, bevelled washers shall be provided
between the nuts and 位\e p 1ate.
It is
preferr喧d 出.at
boiler，如 axis
Stays shall be secured to 阳 pla梗sth咛 support by one
of the following methods :一
•
(a) Bar Stay
(i) Plain ba器， p刷地位trou阱c1earing holes
抽泣\epla阳 andwelded 也础咄。例eFi事Ire
XII/42).
(泣)
P1ain bars passing 也rou萨\ c1earing holes
in the p 1ates and fittedwith washers on
the outside, the s始y and washers being
welded to 也e plates in accordance with
any one of 也e methods shown in Figures
Plain staysshall be s忧'eng航 we1ded to the
platω(see Fi，伊m 泪1/41 and XII/41A).
551. Girder Stays for Firebox ;md Combustion
Chamber Crown
Where girder stays are attached
with stay bol也 and nuts，也ey shall be bedded to 白e
comers or ends of side plates.
•-
白\e
attachment of girderstays welded dir时t1y to the
crownplatεs shall comply wi由民思lfesXII/47， XII/锚，
XII/的，)但 /50 or XII/51. Such girders shall be welded
to the crown p 1ate prior to stress哩elieving.
Each girder shall be of sufficie批础m拱\tosuppo此 b
due proportion of the load on the crown plate
independent1y of the crown plate, and the bolts or
weld attachments shall have sufficient cros如sectional
area to carry 出e applied load.
XII/43(时，泪IT/43例， XII/44(时， X丑剧{剖，
性峻 waterways between 位\e
用/45(剖，用 /45例，姐/46(时， and 邓/
and 也e crown plate shall be as large as pr配ticable， but
46(b).
inno case
Note-… Clearing hole for the purpose of this re肝lation
mean a machined cylindrical hole having a
diameter not ex岱eding that ofbar stay by more
也矗n
2%.
1，部S 出缸\
underside
of 阳裂rder
llh inches de叩·
Gu崎et Stay争甲 Gusset
stays shall be f1at and
pe平endicular to the end p1at臼. Gusset plates shall not
be subj配ted 怡 crar也ing or setting.
552.
Indian Boíler 去egulations
194
部3. Acce部… At
least one m叙Ùlole orsighthole shall
be provided in. tl}e upper part .of the boi1er, the
di腿lensions being not less 出an tho嚣e in Table Xll/2
￡时也.egiven size of boi1er:
ITABLE 黯陇阴阳回.mensions
of Manholes or Sight Holes
Diameter 01 boiler
Minimum sÎu
ofhole inch
Boilers not 础.ceedi略 H时是 and 6 inch部
9x7
Boìlers 0晴/er 2 feet and 6 inches dìa.meter
and not exceeding 3 feet 毡
Boìlers over 3 feet di撞rneter and not
exc自d泊g3 忽然 and6 inches
Boilers ov前 3 feet and 6 inches dia.met，吉r
and not exceedi吨 4 阳t
Boil辑rsoveì.' 4f，甜t
半句
12
x9
14 x 10
15 x 11
16 x 12
Where the size of cônstruction of the öoiler does
n戒
严阳啦。，fentry forde缸ÙIlgor 如spection:.obll..intemal
surfa棚， cleaningholes sufficieritly lar伊 ártd numerous
shall 民 provided for 设ùspu呼。，se. The c1e挝由嗨 holes
shall be not less than 3~ inChes x 2~inches in Sizi!.
α1建 clèar自19
hole shall be prôvided ôppos闲时 least
one end of each cr部萨tubeiria v挝ticalcross-tube boiler.
Where the' \vater 如bes are arra二ged in banks, an
opening of 51主fficient size to pemùtto 也eir replacement
shall be provided.
At 位\e
bottom of 仕\e nartow water space' in vèrtical
boilers where iritemal acc锵sisnotpo部iblej mud holés
shall be arranged at e4ì时 distances round 出e
cirαlDÚe附\ce of the boiler oot less in number than a革
given in Table 沼1/3.
TABLE XIII3- Nun如r oflower Oeaning Holes or Mud
Holes
D切 meter 01 boiler
2 Feet and 0司/er but not e法制ding 3 feet
Over3 f，民t and not exceeding 5 feet
Over 5 feet and not e悦幌ding 6 f，础t
Over 6 feet anâ not 拙ceeding7 伽et and 6 inches
Over 7 reet and 6 inches and not e法ceeding
8 feet and 6 inch部
Over8 位母t and 6 inches and not exceeding 9 feet
No. 01
Holes
3
4
5
6
7
8
of barrel Smoke box 姐be sha l1 be provided with a mud
hol，位
A marÙlole shall be provided in 由e lower part of front
end plat，础。f Lancas1:让re boilers and in s达ù1ar boilers
with internal flues wherever practicable.
554. Manhole Frames, Mouthpieces and DoorsMarÙlole frames, mouth-pieces, dooÌS or cover p1ates
sha廷 be of mild stee1. Frames shall be oval and where
of the f1anged 可pe shall be formed tobed do盼lytothe
shell and provide'a flat join出\g surface to the d∞r.
Altem聪明ly， raised cirαllar mouth-pìe臼s may be fitted
externally and where of 由.e f1anged 可peshall be bedded
dosely 抽出e shell.
Wherever practicable, the frame sha:ll be attached to
the inside of.the shell with the shorter axis parallel 抽
出.e lonßitudinal centre line of the boUer. In all cases
wherethe也础设面蝇.eSs exceeds9116 抽出，的满始辑部
orè泣cu1ar mouth-pieζes
shall be fitted.
D∞rs shall be made from mild steel plate formed 如
bed closely to 也.e intemal surface arid. shall be fitted
with stu缸， 锦
eac
出
hp
严rovi时
dedw
悦i由 ani扭
挝t沁
n
eg
韧~a
必lc
∞。班
Uaran飞
screwed 址由加
1町
ro
∞
u且硝
拚1 也e p1at惚
6
ew
圳i佼白\ a nut ∞
0n 注1将
e 缸t画5
剑
昭id
由
e of
佼也\ed∞r 。缸
di
翻lle
时tweld
缸
ed ο
∞
n 泣也飞隙
e 趴s
到id
岱
e， 位\e leng出 ofthe
leg of the fillet weld being not less than one quarter of
位le diameter of the stud or riveted on the inside of the
d∞r. I沁ors for openings larger than 9 inches x '7.incÌle路
shall.have two st:ù4s, but fop doors of size 9 趴白es x 7
incl飞esor less orily one stud need be fit枪d; doors for
d如ings 则 larger than 5 inches x 3~ inches may have
由.e stud forge solid wi也出.e door. Where 由.ed∞rofa
mudhole, c1eaning hole or sight hole is fabricated by
weld烛.g for boilers not exceeding a working pr，出sure
of 8.8 kg./cm (1251bs. per sq. inch)，仕\e stud 由allpass
through 世\e pl翻船d be secured 始 it by stren阱1
welding on the insi~e and fillet哨eldingon 恼。utside
to the satisfaction of the Inspec出\gAu血。rity. 在\edoor
shall be stress relieved by heat 忧出栩栩tafterwel也ng.
币\e
cross b缸s shallbe of substantia1 propo此ions and
solid steel forging or cast st甜. Lugs may be
satisfactor i1y welded to manhole doors fOf the
attachment of the bolts.
ei也.er
百恕 spigots
Clear市\g
holes or mud holes in 10字o-type boilers shall
be provided at 舍ach bottom corner or as nearly as
possible 怕也e comers of the outer fueb侃伺singand
at 由e top comers above 如世\ole opening 础d also at
each comer of 也您跟dd泌 plate in 1ine with 由.ebottom
of the door when it is in a central position
in the m arÙlole have a c1earan优 ofnotmore 也an 1/16
inch all round.
Oval frames and extemally raised cir，αllarmou也pie这es
shall be either :
lndian Boiler Re宫ulaticms
例如rmed.
in one piece
195
wi也out
weld, or
(b) Formed from a suitable ro11ed.捕ction and forge唰
welded , or fabricated by fusion welding,
provided they are stress-relieved byheat幡
trea恼怒nt after welding and before attaching to
也e boi1er unless the whole boiler is to be
subjected. to heat电ea恤ent on comp1etion.
Welds sha在 be posi悦。ned so that 也.eyare located ∞
the transverse centre line of 也.e boiler (See R略ulation
556).
η\e
i
joining flang臼
ofmouthpieces and covers sha11 be
machined on 也e face and edges and on the be础如g
surface for the Þ。如. l;S()lts and nuts sha11 be machined
where in contact wi白白.e flanges and 也ej。如tsshould
be formed inside and 0邸ide 版庐ch line or. pitch
circle of the bolts to prec1ude the possibility of flan伊
始tortion. Cover p1ates $ha11 be dished outwards to a
depth of approximately ()ne-eight of the intemaI
diameter of 也efrrur黯.
A11 ed.ges sha11 be machined or
(see Regt且lation 541).
Formsorm叙\hole
flame吼且t
The Miriimum 也ickness at the hole in 也e 甜甜。，rend
p 1ate sha11be .not less 也相应e 也ickness reqt忠鸣d for
the maximum permissible working Pressure
considering 阳 plate as being unp始rced.
Where the boiler mountings are secured by studs，位e
s饥lds， sha11have a full thread holdings in 也.e plate for
at least one diameter. If the s如d holes penetrate 航e
whole 仕ùcknessof 注\e p 1ate, the stud shall .b~~rewed
right through the p 1ate and be. f蜘d with a nut inside
havinga 仕ùckness .equal to the diameter of 也e stud.
Where bolts are used for securing moun住宅出您ysha11
be sc指wed 创.ght 位lrough 部 p1ate wi孰也惚 head冉
如side the shell or end plate.
(a) Stand Pipes- Where stand pipes areu由d，也e
flanges shall be machined or flame-cut by
mad也将 on the edges.τhe bolting flanges s1飞a11
be machined. on 也ejo坦白\gandbol恼19 sutfaces.
(b) Saddles-…Where saddles are 凶创，也e ed.ges of
岳飞eflanges s1双11
η\e
studs for 自e attachment of the moun出飞gs，
ifscrewed.血rough 位e saddle, sha11 be fi饮ed. on
the inside with nuts of full 注法ckn础&
by machinè
Wher窜出e
stud holes do not 严net宫ate throu拱
screwed po州∞ of
出e stud in 也e plate sha11 be not less th缸1 也a
diameter of 也.e stud.
frames and attachments are shown
and X在/56.
出.e saddl辑也eleng啦。f the
扭扭gures Xß /52，沼1/53， Xß/饵， X在/55
•-
555. Seatings for Mounting
For pressures not
exc前ding 125 pounds per square 如chmoun如\gswith
screwed ends not exceeding 1 inch may be used; 也e
部rewedpo碍。，n of any such moun出g being an integral
part the距。f and the 刷ckn臼s at 血.e bottom .of the
thread being not le部也an 3/16 inch.
τhemow飞齿19S
may be screwed
(c)
The distance pieces sha11 be made from so1id mild st，相1.
古\ey sha11 be screwed. into the. p 1ate and fitted wi也
nutson 由.e water side. The wa11s of the distance piec白
白a11 be not less 也an lA inch 制.ck at the bottom of the
Pad←-Wherepads 缸eu部d， thejo拙ings回face器
shallbemad曲.ed..τhe 归ds sha11 have sufficient
出ichess todiow，血e
d ri11ing of the stud holes
for mountings without the inner surface being
pierced. andthe length of the screwed po戎ionof
the stud in 也.e pad sha11 be not less than the
diameter of the stud ,
:一
Directly into the boiler she11 p 1ate, nuts being fitted on
the water side or into steel distance pieces 出.eleng践。f
饺lread engaged being in no ca盹 less than the bore of
themoun自19 plus lA inch.
(d)
of Standpipes- The following
cons胁时ions as to standpipes attached to she11s
缸ldend p 1ates sha11 be pen剧ssible:
At主achment
(i) When the internal diameter of the
standpipe does not exceed 1 inch the
standpipe may be sçrewed into 也.e plate
with a nut on the waterside.
{放) Where 也.e
intemal diameter of the standpipe exceed.s one inch but d创snotexc但d
2 inches, it may þe screwed in and
sealwelded.
也read.
Mountings may be attached direct1y to any shell or end
罗1atewhe黯注\e p1ate 运 of sufficient 血icknèss to a110w
a suitable surface to be contained. for the attachment of
the boiler moun由19.
be. màchined. or flame-cut by
mad由法.Thej。如ing surfaces sha11 be mad曲ed..
{描)
Where the diameter of 出e btandpipe
exc幌出 2inch俑， it may be welded. 抽出e
end 内抱
lndian Boiler Regr，点tions
196
screwed 在rough the p 1ate, nuts of
如坦白ic如\ess sha11 be fitted on 出e 坦side of the
studs are
τhe.
foregoing provisions as to the
standpipe' 硝achment shall re事J.lated by
出.e fo11owing c!∞di位时盼(i) When standpipes are screwed, the
部rewing sha11 be of standard. pi严
。伽read.
(放) St姐dpi严s sha11 be attached byone
。他怠 me啦。ds shown in Figur四 X在/
84to Xll /89 and Xll /93 or by any
other method approved by the
Inspec由\g Authority.
(副)Where 也e standpipe~
are fabrica制
by fusion-welding they shall be str倒S
relievedby heat-trea拙ent before
a位achment to the boiler' un1ess 血e
whole boi1eris subject to heat往回阳\ent oncompleti棚，
币 1如)'.Where西藏bore百邸 st副部根百悦s
notexc槌d5 扭曲髓。r
the
dia黯eter
of 出e o}:熠由\g.in 也就由e11
does not
exceed 5inchesplus twice the
佼\ickn锦S of thep1ate 协 which it is
attached , the standpipe maybe
welded to the platewithout
subsequent .heat也~atm缸\t of the
weld so made. If these limits are
exceeded the whole p 1ate to which
白.e standpipe is a忧ached sha在 be
str部s re1ieved by heat-tfea抽出t on
∞Impletion of welding缰
•-
(e) Attachment of Pad
Pads welded 切位e she11
or end plate sha11 be welded 扭扭mallyand
extema11y.
Me由.ods of attad回回\tofpads sl'啄llbe 邮址\own
in Figures Xll/饨" Xll /91 or Xll 192. Where the
bore of the 槌甜ng does not exceed 5 inch出 of
diameter of the op假阳gin 由.e shell d能s not
exceed 5 恒d将s pl础 twice 白e 也ic挝\ess of the
p1ate to which it is attached, the pad may be
welded to 仕\e p 1ate withoutsubsequent heat喃
trea栩栩t of the weld 50 made. lf these limits
areexo伺ded the whole plate to w挝ch thepadis
attached shall be stress relieved by heat位'ea惚四toncomple位蚀。f 也e welding.
•·
(f) Attachmentof Water and Pressure Gauge
Water gauges and p梅毒sure gauge syphons 衍\ay
bea忧ached 出蹭ctto 由.e front end p 1ate without
也e intervention of a pad or s烟\dpipe， provided
they are f1anged and 侃ured by studs. lf the
p1ate.
(g)
Bolts 姐dNU'协阳 A11 holes for bolts and studs
sha11 be d ri11ed and bolts and nuts sha11 be
machined where in contact with the 延anges.
8揭. Compensating P1at幅-Comp栩栩伽\gp1at!部 shall
beof mi1dst树1 and, before attachment, shall bed dosely
to 也.e p 1ates to which they are to be connected: Any
welds therein sha11 be on the transverse cen生re line.
557. Defini悦。nof 也eTerm 'Fusi侃 Weld'一Theterm
'fusion weld' is, for the purpose of this chap始z
applicable to a11 welded seamS madeby 白.e metal arc
processwith covered electrodes or by any other
elec位ic arc process in which 也.e arc stream and the
deposited weldmeta1 are sl'úelded 仕om atmc黯pheric
contam.ination. …一一~
'The relevant provisions of 制s Chapter sha11 a1s0 apply
to the single run or heavy run welding process and that
welded boilers manufactured by that pr创e部 sha11
comply with a11 Regu1ations of 也is Chapter excep位\g
those in which diver在;ence is necessary solely because
of special Requirements essen'出1 for the most e组dent
utilisation of that process. Thus a11 Regulations
governing quality ofmaterial construction,
workIr也nship，姐dt四位\g 伽。也 non-de甜uctiVf> and
o白erwise) é.u t: app注cablè.
Where welded shells confom由\g 始血e 在egulations of
this Chapter are made bysing1e or heavy run process it
shall be under事tood 校\ðt Re伊1ations 557, 558 and 559
don悦 apply in their en岳重ety. 在\eme也od of Il'\élking
the welds shall be àppro\T ed by the Inspecting
Autho:r古ty.
即8.Me伽.ods of Welding…The 盹amssha11be 缸sion­
i • The main weld
welded from both sides of the p1at回
may be on either side of 也.e plate, whichever is most
conv部ientt。由emanufa社urer. Before 也e 臼condside
of the p 1ate is welded，也.e weld metal at 也ebo忧omof
side shall be removed by g:r古nding， cl年ping，
凯acl市由19 or other approved m破lod.
自e 如st
Provided the requisí毛e quality of weldi吨 is aclrleved
the seams may be welded from both sides of the p 1ates
or from one side of 也.eplate华Before the sec∞dside of
the p 1ate is welded，位\e metal at 也.ebo伐。m ofthe fust
side 由all be removed by g:rinding, cl咀pping， machin吨
。ro由er approved me由od.
1nd忽n
Boiler Regulations
197
Additi.ona1 runs of metaI sha11 be deposited at both
the welded 提扭\S to ensure that the weld
metal at the level of the surfaces ofthe plate 沾自如\ed
as far as possiblt!.白\e surfaces of the welds which are
始 be subsequent1y rad.iographed st也II thereaf惚rbe
mad船"假 groundso 部 to provide sm∞thcon如urs
and to be flush with 也.e respecti.ve s出如cesof 也eplate.
In the case of 白白础úerenti.al shell 能ams welded by
submerged arc or any other approved automati.cproce倒
producing a similar surface 位ûstt，扭曲 circumferen生ial
welds， n，础 d not be flush 命栅据d， subject to 也eitsurface
fini由 and shape being acceptable to 也e Ins萨心白'g
Authcrity. 在\ere shal1 b e, no 1革nder-cutti.ng of the
surfa，恼。.f
junc始部怒·
The positions of the welds .shall be marked ,
compensation plates, doubling plates or manhole
frames, not less than two runs.or metal shall be
depo础创 ateach ￥veld.
When affixing standpipe嚣， branch pipes , sea由\gs，
compensatiòn plate嚣， doubling pl就:es or manhole
fra凯es， not less than two runs or metal shall be
deposited at each weld.
Each run of weld metal shall be 血。rou拚ly cleaned
and freed from slag before 出e next nin is deposi钝d.
559. Types of Welded Shell Seam励…The longitudinal
and intermediate circumferenti.a1 seams sha边 bemade
wi也 bu叫ointsof 除如gle or double U or V type (see
Figures 恕13， :粗 /4， :相 /5， and XII/6) or of any 0也er
type approved by the Inspecting' Authority. End
circumferential seams shallbe in accordance with
Figures XII/咒 XII/8，刀I 月， XII/10，泪1/11 or XII/12 or
wi出 any 0也就 form approved bythe Inspec位\g
Au'出ority.
560. Repairs to Welded Seams-如)Anyrep秘主妇 a
weld carried out by the manufacturer shall first be
a伊四d to by the Inspecti.ng Au白。rity.
(b) Where def，配tsa黯 distributed over the whole leng设E
porti.ons w挝chmay
be cut out from any one longitudinal or circumferenti.al
seam to remove a11 defects shall not 阳帽ed 15 per 佣黯
d 出e totallength of 血.e se魏棍
of 由esea:a飞往.e totalleng也 of 出e
wh钮， however，
the defects are
allloca始d
in a single
cut out to remove all
defects shallnot exceed 10 per cent of the total 险\gth
con阳.uous len斜\ whichm怠Y be
of 船ese忽孔
Circu黯ferential Seams- Where the leng白。.f weld
metal cut out 知rr哼孤r in a circumferen阳l 臼础\exc锦ds
the amount stated above 也.e whole of the weld metal
sha在 be removed and th怠锵扭\ re咐elded. R哼r回帕耐
ta ti.ve tests for a re-welded circumferenti.al seam shall
beprovided wh四 req现redby 由怠Inspe甜ngAu出.ority.
Longitudinal Seams- Where the leng仙。fweldmetal
cut out for repair in any longitud如al seam exceedsthe
amount sta句d above, or 布e weld metal 趴 anyo出er
way fails to comply wi血栓le req旧rements s严cified，
也.e whole of the weld metal shall be removed and the
seam re-welded, provided that 也e original test plates
aretrea怯ds加道缸.ly or new plates of the same 出ickn臼s
as 孰ej。如tandofsim如Z 守la1ity of material are a忧ached
to 也.e ends of the seam and re-welded wÌ也 it.In either
ca提出.e plates are to be tested in accordance wi也位e
appropriate provision of Regula ti.on 561 and the
m年耐ement for heat-trea恼四t 如 beinaccord部\Cewi由
Regula ti.on 562.
(c) Defect sha1l be cut out by
approved me也.ods.
chipp阳岛 mad:血ing 时
。由er
(d) Whenever a defective part has been cut out,
Inspecting Au也ority shall be notifiedso 钱挝， if
necessary, an examinati.on. may be made before 仲
welding.
(e) In the case of Class 1 boilers a11 repaired arèas shall
besub如cted to radiographic exaIItinati.on;
{奇古隙 boilers sha11 be heat-treated oncomple ti.on of all
welded rep础s.
561. Tests on Welded Seams- (的 Test Plates- Test
all.welded seams sh必1 be attached
at each end of 创ch longitudìnal 锦am in tension. These
shall be of a size suffident for the preparati.on of the
test 斜阳军 S归cified. 如注\eca捕。f she11 plates upto and
including 16 feet in len供\ the test plate may be located
at one end only (辅e Figure XII/58). Where the she且 is
formed in two or mo自由嘻s，也.estagger时 longitudinal
seam sha11 be regarded as a c∞始nuous longi饥ldinal
seam provided the welding be effected in one
reasonably ∞ntinuous 0严rati.on and bythe same
op挝ator or operators. 咀\em挝erial for the 怡stplates
shall be cut from 宿e 捷句就ti.ve plate or pla始sforming
仕\e appropriate seam.
plates 始 represent
In the 姐姐 of insufficient material being available on
也.e shell p 1ate to permit 白ecut位ng oH倡言 pi前她白白e
sha11 be acceptable if 也ey are made fr侃\ another plate
Indian Boiler Regulations
198
pro'飞往.ded it is ma.de fr侧\ the same ca斡The 棚tp1a惚
sha11 be stampe.d by 也e In呼ecting A\础。rity before
being cut.
η\e wel.d groove in the test plates sha11 be simi1ar to 由at
a.dopted for 出，e correspon.ding e.dges of the longi灿d如al
seam, an.d the respective fusíon fac~s shall be in
con加.uous alignment.τ'hetestp1a始s may be reinforce.d
or supported .during so 也at any re1ative disp1acement
due to wa甲ing .during wel.ding' does not exceed 5
degr制s. The wel.d metal in the test plates an.d the seam ,
sha在 be .deposited con出uousIy 挝 the same operation. '
S严cimenssl峨且， if practicable, be of thefull plate
出ickness.
Surfaces
of 始nsile，
bend and Izod
withthe outsi.de or
inside of the boiler sha11 be lightly .dressed on1y
so that the ro11e.d surface of 由e parent metal is
not who11y remove.d. Where the ro11e.d surfaces
of 也e abut悦ngplates are not level with one
anotherone p 1atemay be macl由飞.e.d at each face
of the wel.d so long as the .depth of the metal
.remove.d .does not excee.d 1/32 inch.
s严cimens correspönd肌g
(ü) Tensile Test步向
(a)
在\e
weld in any 怡然 plate 也a11 not be repa泣ed..U 缸\y
.defects are revealed in 也e weld metal of a te5t plate 血e
position of this 也a11 bedearlymark法.d on 白ep1ate an.d
血e 秘5t piec部由a11 be selected from such p缸15 of 也e
始stplatesas. may be .deci.de .d by the Inspec悦ng
(i) Wel.ded Joint- The .dim就回ionsof 由e
reduce.d tensile section sha11 be as
shown in figure 60.，.1(苟.白lewíd也 of
the reduce.d阳ction 也a11 be at least
25n吆监metres.
Auth，时ity.
τ制t plates warped
.during welding by not more 出an5
.degr回s may be straigh棚ed before heat-trea恒\ent. For
theheat-位ea脑磁忱。t 由e 棚t plates see Regu1ation 562.
Whére 由e:re
are circumferential seams only or where
泣\e methQd of wel柑咱也e circumferer时al seams .d迂fer
employed' for the longitu.dinal se扭地 the
te5t p 1ates sha11 be deci.ded by
出e Inspec指\g Authority.
from 出at
me曲。d of proyi.ding 也.e
SPECI摇EN
(b) Test of Class I Boilers一
l 知如且 besel配ted
。 s严dmensfor 始 fo11ow放\gt自
的扭曲.e
test plate or plate5 and stam严.d bythe
Inspec如.g Officer for i.dentification (回'eFigures
Xll/58and 泪I用的，
Onetensile 制tsp铜加enfor 也.e wel.dedseam.
臼\e
a11 wel.d metal t四sile test spec泣nen.
Two ben.d
test 叩ec:协ens.
test plate for
ma口o
an.d micto exan由1硝ons.
η\e
{码、If
the thickness of the p 1ate .does not
30 milllme位es，也e 出ickness
ofthe sp配挝1en shall be equal to the
假.cee.d
plate 也icknes军 and 由.epla也 surface
of 也espec出en
sha11 be machine.d如
take away the surface. irregularities
of 撒.e plate an.d the wel.d.
(ili) If the pla te thickness excee .ds 30
Two impact test specimens.
Ones严C出.en 仕om 倒也
lA- REOlJCEO 5EQTION TENSILE SPEClMEN
.dimensions of the specimens sha丑 be in
accordance with the sketchωinFi伊res 活1/60，
邓162，Xll/63 朋d 沼ν64. 在\e remainder of 出e
testp1a棚由a11 beret甜te.d for I'E护销始证 required.
Any speci虱.en for re翩test sha11 be cut from the
same test plate as the original spedmen.
Specim创始 representing wel.ded seams sha11, if
necessary , be strai窑htene.d cold before 主he
comm部.cement of macl常由\g. Tensile an.d ben.d
g世且metres，也e 始nsile test 由a11
be
carried out on severa1 reduced section
sp配恤但s，阳ch having a 出ickne弱
。f at least 30 millimetres and width
at the effective cross-section of at least
25n旧limetr驰These specimens shall
betaken out of 由.e test piece in such
away 钱挝血时出sile 俊st covers the
whole thickness of the w eId joints 部
shown in figure 60-1(问.咀\e 枪nsile
s悦ng也 sha11 not be. less 趴m 佼\e
lower limit 窑严cified for the plate.
199
Indian Boiler Regulations
(出)
(b) All weld metal- The dimensions of the all
臼\ completion of 出e test on crack or defect at the
weld metal tensile test specimen shall be
those given in figure 63. The diameter shall
be the maximum. possible consistent with
the cross section of the weld but in no case
morethan 20 millimetres, the gauge length
shall be equal to five times the diameter.
The tensile streng仕\ shall not be less than
the lower limit specified for the plate.η\e
elongation shall not be less than 20 per
cent on a gauge leng出 of five times the
diameter of the specimen or 5.65 times 出e
square root of the cross-sectional area of
出e specimen, and the reduction in area
not less than 35 per cent.
outer surface of the specimen shall be greater
白白 1/16 面ch meas \1red cross the specimen or
1/8 扭曲 measured along the leng出 ofthe sp配i­
men. Premature failure at comers orthe specimen
shall not be considered cause for 叫ection.
(iv) Impact Tests- Two rectangular specimens shall
be cut out transversely to the welded joint and
出ey shall confarm to 出e dimensions shown in
Fi部ue Xll/62.
臼\e
specimen shall have the notch cut at the
middle of the outer surface of 出e weld, and the
other at the middle of the inner surface of the
weld.
η\e
tests shall. show a minimum Izod impact
test value of 20 foot pounds，也e test being carried
out at a temperature between 500C (1220 F) and
100OC(2120 F).
Cold Bend Tests- Two bend tests shall be
made:
伽e
specimen shall be tested wi白白e outer
surface of the weld in tension and the other with
the inner surface in tension. 百\e specimen shall
be rectangular in section and shall be cut out
transversely to the weld so as to have a width
ilot less than one-and-a half times 出e thickness
of the'plates. 白\e sharp comers of the specimens
shall be rounded to a radius not exceeding 10%
of the thickness of the specimen.
Where the
p1ate 吐出kness d倪s
(v) Macro. and Micro E~amination- A specimen
of the full thickness of the plate and not less
白白 13 mi1limetres wide shall be provided from
each set of test plates for 出e purpose of macro
and micro examinations.
Micro-etching of a complete Cross-section of the
weld injuding the heat aHected zone, should
show satisfactory penetration, fusion and
absence of significailt inc1usions or other defects.
not exceed 1t.4
画出.es， the 仕ückness of the specim四 shall ~ equa1
to 也.e full 吐出kness
of the test p1ate. Where the
plate 吐出kness exceeds.lt.4 inches, the sp四imen
sha11 in a11 cases have a 吐出kness of at least 1t.4
inches. The sp民imen to be tested wi出 the outer
surface of the weld in t四sion sha11 be prepared
by cutting the waste the metalloca1 to the inner
surface of the weld，印出at 也.e desir哩ds严cimen
出ickness is obtained '(see A, Figure 泪1/64).
η\e
specimen to be tested with the inner surface
in tension shall be prepared by cutting to waste
the metallocal to 出e ou怡r surface of the weld
so 血时也.e desired sp四imen 吐出h臼s is obtained
(臼e B, Fi伊re XII/64). Where the thickness of
也e plate permits, both specimens' may be cut
from the same piece of plate，出esp回国ensbeing
located in the plate one above the other (see C,
Figure XIIf64). Each specimen shall be mounted
with the weld Ihidway between the supports set
apart at a distance of not more than 5.2 times 出e
出ickness of the specimen and pushed 也rough
由.e supports with a former having a diameter
equal to.也ree 出e 也ickness of the specimen.
Shóuld there be any doubt as to 出e condition of
the weld as shown by inacro-etching, the area
concemed is to be microscopically examined for
defect investigation.
(vi)
Addi~ona1 Tests Before Rejection-Should any
of the test specimens taken in accordance wi也
this Regulation fail to meet the specified
requ让ements， retests shall be allowed for each
specimen 出at fails as follows :
Where any result of the tensile test is not less
白相 90% of the specified figures one retest shall
be made. Where any result falls below 90% two
retests shall be made.
Where a bend specimen fails to meet 由.espec出ed
requirements, two retests shall be made.
If an impact test fails to meet the spec证ied
requirements, two ret臼ts shall be taken from
出e test plate, one on each side of the final
specimen and separate fröm it by not more than
5 mi1limetres.
.
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器
201
Indian Boíler Re伊1ations
(iv) Nick-Break: Specimen-η由年前栩栩 shall
have a width not less 也an one-and-a-half 位mes
h 也ickness and the slot shall be cut in 细chside
of the sp创men 血rough the cen衍'e of 出.e weld
andp时pend抽血r to the outer face of the boiler.
The sp硝烟.en shall 血.en be br休假如 the weld
and the fracture shall reveal a sound
homogeneous weld substantially free from slag
阳dusions， porosity and coar腿 crysta阳nity.
(v) Additiona1 Tests Before Rejedion- Jf any of
也e 恼t sp创m制lS should fail , two retests shall
be made and bo也 sha11 meet .the specified
requirements.
(vi) Specimen After Tes协- Jf requir创 sp创mens
af阳棚ts shall be at 自edisp铺älof the IriS严ct:i.n:g
Authority for examirla位，on.
on the basis of at least 2Y.z π窜出tes per 1I喝limetre of the
maximUIn thickness of part (approximately one hour
per25mmof 也ic协副s) and shall be left to c∞1 in the
仇泣如ace to a tempera怯re which, for the pa民s with a
thickn创sgreater than 20 mm does not exceed 拟陀
After withdrawal from a fumace 也e part shall be
allowed to cool in a s位远础nosphere. A temperature挝me diagr甜lof 也e s加ss-relieving process shall be
provided for a welded shell or d run1 and a simi1ar diagram for other welded pressure parts when the
Inspec自19Au啦。rity requires it.
Dur如，g heat trea怕出t 位le Official test plates 对la11 be
inside the boiler. Where the shell is subjected to a
pr肌ry 如ss relieving trea恤，ent identical to the final
怡8t 忧ea恼lent 始 be given to the boiler, the test plat锚
may be pla!但d.inside the shell d uri吨 P出凉叩悦a恤刨
闹剧叫ω问问翩翩。←Each-"二:也EZ13331r辙酣睡
longitudinal and circumferer现al se
n .boiler (includ均由e11 to 四.d p胁}由a11 be
立2
江
尘
2
J
r
￡丁.
)号制
sp
归o悦t 时圳
P
ra'ad
硝
副iogr咐ic 叫协阔…，
d
nlc
附
Whe，z拇
创
e 诠郎恕由e11i总sno
附h帅
巾
u
b拎如阳
ctt问。呻
P阳叼 s崎$附
础
m
汩
k
v拙崎
s
阳
tr坦臼
eaa恤叩熠
剧
m
1怆t 川叫
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0r 叫'jec嘟制怡时
d 协t 。 pr:放加
t恤叫阻
t饺
r吁@咄
z宜
础
e
ea
a挝烛E钮t whicl
命\ 始
is
(d) Test for
Cla槌 111
Boiler-
。) Specim缸lS for the following tests 坟时lbese始做d
from 出，e test plate or plat部 and stamped by the
h严ctingOfficerforiden幽，catio孔
1. α\e
forward bend test.
2. 告le reverse bend tes t.
(ü) Radio萨呻挝cor Ultr撼。，nic 缸础也始.tion- Each
longitudinal and circumferential 捕创槌 in dass
mboU缸 (inc1ud如.g shell to end plate) shall be
subjected to spot radiogr哼hic or ultraso挝c
exa黯扭ation.
562. Heat Treatment- (1) All boilers èons协cted to
Class 1or Class-n re伊拉回阳嘟址陈祖 bes树ss-relieved
byheat 胁a恼，ent a负er completion of äll welding and
before hydraulical test if any plate is 20 mm thick or
greater or carbon content of the s怡el exceeds 0.25% of
仙.e material used in the c部\8truction of boiler is älloy
st，四1.
For Carbon steel a stress relieving heat-trea抽回tshall
be performed by heating part to at le剧 6∞。+ 20oC.
W且应ueq叫red by 出e cllaracteristics of the materi剖，
different temp句ra抽附 may be nece槌ary to obtain
proper s协ss relieving. 岱le part to be s位瑞s-re挂，eved
由all be brought slowly 哼怕也e specific temperature
andheldat 出attempera知reforap创.od proportionate
not
挝
i de
郎
nt缸
ical 圳
wi白址出le
final
怡
hea'
挝t
trea栩栩t，也，e test plates may be placed 如side any
o白er boiler of c侃\parable d袖自lSions which is to be
heat treated in accordance with 出s Cha pter.
Tempera如re
charts sha11 be submitted to indicate 白at
bollers they re护res四t have b础1
subj挝ted to identical heating, soaking and .c∞ling
阳怡然 plates 部\d
trea恤昭欢.
Note: Other stress-relieving heat tr倒~ntataten\perature
aslow 铺 550 Crnay be adop始d， provided attention
i嚣 given to 也，e holding tin\e in order to ens山@蠢
事ufficient degr'四 of stress- relieving.
0
(2) Where 位le welded joint connects pa掏出at are of
different 也ickn部s，也e 也ickness to be considered 拙
appl:抖咱也，e limiting 血ickness of20 mm for carb∞
S栅1 shall be the following n部\ÌI闹剧ckn部 sincluding
corrosion allowance.
(i) the thinner of two adjacent butt welded
component including she11 to end connection;
倒也e 航ickness of the shellin ∞m民tions to &t
ends;
(溢) the thickness of the shell or end in nozz1e
attachment weldsi
(iv) 也e 也ickne捕。f 位\e
to flange
nozzle at 也e joint innozzle
connecti臼\8i
(v) 部副也醋。f the
pressure part 棋仕\e pointof
attachment where a non-p揭ssure part is welded
to a pressure part, in case of butt welds;
lndian B。如 Re~l刷
203
Note: The tube plates b咄咄!en the stay tubes shall comply
with the requirements for tube plates (see Regulatìon
(Contd...)
(b) Working pressure
577).
multiplied by intemal
diame毛曹r in inches3000
564. Shells一{的The working pr础sure of cylindrical
~hells for Class 1 böilers shall be d就缸mined in
0.70
--
Eqn.
(泪I /l)
where,
t is miJ;ùmum thickness of shell plate in 黯扭飞
WP is working pressure in k在 /cm2，
o ism献泣口um intemal diameter in mm,
S is minimum tensile stren斜。f plate in kg/mm2.,
C is a constant, as 窑iven below.
In no case, however, shall be the. factor of safety of 出e
shell be less 也an 4 or the plate 应ickness be le部也an
specified in Table XIII3 given under Regulation 563.
C = 27 wh缸e Class 11. requirements are complied
with,
C = 23 for Class m boilers when stress relieved,
C = 21 for Class III boilers when no stress relieved.
Where boilers have a nest or ne邸 of horizonta1 tubes,
so that there isa direct tensi∞ on 由e tube plates due to
the vertical load on the boiler ends or to tube p j.a tes
acting as hor泣。ntal ties across the shell :
(i) 制chaltemate 仇lbe in the outer verticalrow of
机lbeS shall be a stay tube.
(ii) 由e 白ickness of the 阳be plates and 阳 spacing
of the tubes shall be such that 也esection of
metal taking the load is suffident 协 keep the
stress within that allowed on the shell plate, as
determined by the following 如rmula;
(t 呻 2) SJ
W.P.= ……一一…
Eqn. (XII/2)
20
』m
{t 叩1.5)SC
,.. -~-;..，
W.P. ='-
thu
accordance with regulations 270 and 271.
(b) The working pressure of cylindrical shells for
Class 11 and Class III boile指 shall be determined by 白e
following formula :
565. Horizontal Shelves of Tube Plates FormingPart
of the Shell- The number of gusset required to support .
the horizontal shelves of tube plates to withstand the
verticalload due to 出.epr部sure on the boil衍 endshall
be determined in the following manner ;
For combustion chamber tube plates 位e II白lÎmum
number of the gusset shall be甲
--23
eaeaea
oooogo
coe323
eee
uuu
Where C exceeds 4560
Where C exceeds 6240
Where C exceeds 7440
For the smoke box tube plate the minimum number of
gussets shall be :
Where C exceeds 4560
1 gusset
Where C exceeds 8400
2 gussets
andC=
POA
一一…
Eqn. (XIII4)
where,
A is max泣num horizontal dimension of the
shell from the inside of the shell plate is to
the outside of the tube plate in inches. (see
Fi思主re Xll/61),
o is Íl飞side diameterof the boiler in inches,
P is working pressure in pounds per square
inch,
t is 也ickness of tube platè in 也irty-seconds
of an inch.
wher咳，
T is 出e thickness of the tubeplate in mm.
WP is workin在 pressure in kg/cm2.,
S is the minimum tensile strength in kg/ riun2.,
o is twice the radial'也st邵阳 of 由e centre of the
outer row of tube holes from 由e axis of 出e 翠hell
inmm,
J is 役\e percenta伊 strength of the plate through
the 机lbe holes, i.e.
100 (p - d)
Eqn. (XII/3)
p
P is 由.e vertical pitch of 蚀.bes in mm,
d is the di缸neter of 出e 饥lbe holes in mm.
A 一一斗
FIG. XIII61
i
The shell plat部
to which the sides of the tube plates are
connected shall be not less 出an 1/16 inch thicker than
is re弓uired by the formula applicable to shell plates
with continuous circul缸itYi and where gussets or other
stays are not fitted to 由.e shelves, the stre吨位 of the
p缸ts of the circumferential se缸黯 然也etop~dbo伐。黯
of these plates from the outside of one 始be plate to the
outside of the other, shall be suffident to wi也-stand
Indian Boiler Regulations
204
whole load on the 如磁ler end, with a factor of safety
of not less 啦an 4.5.
也e
566. Oished End Plates for Lancashire and Cornish
Boi1窑协-Forthe 必shed ends of L缸lCasJ:脱 andCorr出h
boilers wi也out stays and subject to internal pressure
由e maximum working p腿部ure shall be d怠tem由\ed
by the following 岛附lula:
R is the inner radius of curvature of 也.eend
ininches, which shal1 not exceed the
extemal diameter of 也e shell 始 whichitis
a忧ached，
5 is 佼\e minimum tensile breaking streng~
ofplat!建 in tons per square 如ch， orwha~快交
where,
t is Il'也略mum 出ickness of 也.e end plate is
thirty-seconds of an inch,
W is working pressure in pounds per square
inch,
R isthe inner radius of curvature of the end
plate in inches,
S ism扭扭\um fensile strength of 也.e p 1ate in
tons per 均uare inch.
币\einner radìus of curvature of the end plate shall not
is allowed for it.
/
(b)白\e 如side radius to which a crown ,plate is dished
shal1 be not greater 白m 悻le 似总mal diameter of 位e
cy迦\der to which it is attached.
(c) The 如side radius of curvature of 出le flan伊S 抽出e
由ell shall be not less than 4 ti黯豁出e 出ickne蹈。f 出e
cro峨\ plate and in no case less than 2lh inches.
(d) The inside radius of curvature of flangesshall be
not less than twice 由e thickness of 由e crown plate and
in no case less than 1 inch.
(e) WheI飞出e end has a 凯部thole in it (t- 窍， shall be
substi如您d for (t 咖 1) in 也.e formula.
前在\e total dep也 of flange of 血都thole from 位窍。也ter
以届副刊邸.esthe'é<temal汹耐峙。f邸萄iellWhich
suiÍace 亘…μS豆面û:redonthe îi\lnoraxiS'~sh油lbe
it is a忧ached.
古\e 如ner .radius of flanging of the end plate shallbe
not less 在an4 位mes 也e 位白挝\ess of the plate but in no
caseless 由lan 2lh inches.
Where the end plate has a manhole, co皿.pensation sh挝i
be obtained by flan桥鸣也.e edge of 出le opening or by
providing a fabricatedrin窑{部e Figure XII/52).
at least equal to{(f言商 dep出 of flan伊 in inch制.
W.P. =
{t-8) 30 x S
,-
-'i - -
Eqn.
(沼1月)
In ei血时 casethedep也 ofth暗自angin篷。r 由\gmeasured
at 伽.e minor axis sh al1 not be less than 也at determined
by the following formula :
o :.{T百
Eqn. (邓/的
where,
o
is depth of Flange or ring in inches
measured from the outside of the plate 抽
出.e joiitl face ,
τ 拔出kkness of the plate in inches,
W is width of the opening in inches measured
∞出怠 minor axis.
567. Oished Ends Subjed to Intemal Pressure-翩翩 For
山\Stayed ends of she11s an粥。ps of vertical boilers and
也怠 like boi沁rp缸始I when dished 如 partial spherica1
form the maximum working pressure shaU be
detem宙飞.ed by the following formula :
15 x 5 x (t -1)
WP-mR
E伊. (姐1/7)'
W.P. 1s the working pressure in pounds per
square inch,
t is thickness of the end plate in t趾rty
seconds of an inch but in no case 由issha廷
be less than the 位ickness of 也怠 shell to
which it is a位ached，
E伊~ (XII/8)
WhereTis 出ethickne览。f 白，epla惚 in inches and W is
由.e minor axis of 出.e hole in inches.
(g) The depth of the crown' plate opening fro然也a
commencement of theωrvature of 也e flanging radi础
shal1 be not 'less than twice 出e plate 血ickness with a
min放\um of one inch.
567.儿 NothinginR啤u!ation 567 shal1 predude 出euse
of dished ends in ∞!mp1iance with ReguIations 275 始
278, where not fitted wi坠缸\uptake.
568. Oished Ends Subjed 始黯temal Pressure- In
the case of ur\Stayed dished ends for the co-efficient 15
in equation XII !7, the co-efficient 12 shall be 阳.bstitut吼
and R sha11 be the outer radius of 也eαl1'Vature of
plate, which shal1 notéxceed 也.e external diameter of
the shell to which it is attached.
For plates exposed to fumace-flame 血eω-efficient
shal1 be 10.5.
如\no 咀
k
cas
盼
es
由
ha
挝11 R/ t exceed 2
Theinsider
曰
'adiu嚣 ofcα1主l1'Vat阳
ur拮
ea
挝t 佳由\e fl拟踹1嗦
牵
i E庐
萨
e shall be not
less than 4 延me踹$ 血e 也k始阳1恕e创嚣部sof 怯由\e end pl弘
a饺缸1咀
din
z∞\0
飞锦
C as
佣
e ，1捡，
es部辜 役白1an
稳叙础
n2;兑生 inches.
The 部side radius of 自eωrva饥ue of 也.e flange to
uptake shal1 be not less than twice 出e 出ickness of 由e
crownpla始 and in no case 1础嚣 than one inch.
569. Hemispherica1 Crowns…The maximum working
pre路口始 for hemispherica1 crowns su坷制ed to intema1
pressure shall be determined by the following formula:
(t 叩 2) S x C
W.P. 嚣
REqn.{XII/穷
Indian Boiler Regulations
where,
t is thickiness of plate in 位让ty-seconds of
an inch,
WP is the working pressure in pounds per
square inch,
R is inner radius of curvature in .inches,
5 is mini:n'tum tensile strength of 也e plate in
tons per square inch,
C is a constant, as given below.
In no case, however, shall the factor of safety of 血e
cro附飞 plate be less than 是 nor the plate 剧.ck:ness be less
than sp倒在ed .in Table giV!但因咀.er Regu1ation 臼3.
C = 32 wherE!" Class 1 requirements complied wi血，
C = 27 where Class' II requirements are com抖ied
with,
C = 23 for Class 黯 boilers when stress relieved,
C = 21 for Class III boilers when stre部主写且eved.
570. Manholes and Other Openings in 5hel1sM缸Ù\01部 and other openings .in shells shall be p 1aced as
t盯 ås possible from any se缸n. Wherever practicable oval
o严nings shall be arranged wi也 the minor 阻is parallel
wi位飞出e longitudinal centre line of 注le boiler. In no case
d驳草也e circumferentiallength of any opening exc<臼d
twice 注le longitudinal wid生h of theol础啦1各
571..Compensation for Openings in Shells-.Where
the width of any opening (measured .in a direction
parallel t，。在.e longitudinal 以is of 吐le boiler) exceeds
twφand-a half times the thickness of the shell plate .in
inches plus 2* inches, compen曰tion shall be provided.
(a) Area to be Compensated.…. The area to be
compensated shall be the product of 也em拟imum
width ()f the opening cut in 凶 shell and the
役虑如\ess of an unpierced seam1ess shell of 窑imilar
material calculated by Equation XII /1 with
cons惚1t C-35 for the same working pressure.
。) Compensating Area- Compensation shall be
considered adequate when the sum of the
following areas is not less 也an the area to be
compensated:
(i) The area obtained by multiplying the
difference the 挝钮al thickn部s of 放1e shell
and 放le thickness required for an equiva1四t
unpierced seamless shell by a length 2 (3
inches + Ts), there Ts is the actual thickness
of the shell plate in inchεs.
(ü) Thenetcross唰sectional area of the frame or
pad, or ir飞往e case of a branch the crosssectional area of 出e wall of the branch
minus the sectiona1 area of a branch of the
same bore having 位1比如less equal to 也at
calculated by Equation XII/1 for the 始me
205
workihg' pressu坦
(with
constant C=35) if
to
withstand external1oads. The area shall be
measured wi由讪 limits such that (a十坊 in
Figure XII/66 does not exceed 4 inches.
Where 也e material of a frame , pad or
branch has a tensile strength which differs
from thatof 自廷 shell to which it is attached,
the compensatin在 area shall be multiplied
by 也.e ratio:
Tens出 strength of compensating part
τ'ensi1e streI咱也 of shell plate
(iii)ηle cro郎'锦州onal 盯阔s of the welding
fillets.
(c) Compensating Plates…In cases whe指出，esum
of 弱，拉) and (国)始 less than the area to be
compensated a compenS ating plàte s站在 be
welded to 也e shell, its total cross-sectional area
being equal to the amount of 注1e deficit and due
allowance being made as above when the 惚lSile
strength of the ma坦rial of the pla沁 differs from
役lat of 也.e shell.
Notwithstanding compliance with the
requirements of paragraph (b) however, a
reinforcing plate shal1 be fitted around all
branches of 4 阳ches bore 挝飞d over welded to
sheUplates having a thickness of 1h扭曲 orle部，
能忽nless， plus 在e 也ickness re气总red
在\e
compensating plate may be fitted on the
inside or outside of the shèl1 pla怡部部吗tconve幡
nient and its diameter shall not exceed twice 也e
longitudinal width of 也e opening ir飞往.e she丑.
(d) Figure XI/ 66 shows a welded branch to which
foregoing requirements apply where :
W iswid也 of 在.eop创由19 .in桂le she1l in inche窑，
Ts is actual thickness of sheU in in呗h邸，
T1 is thickness of ån equivalent unpierced
seamless shell calculated by Equation
XII/1 with C=35 inches,
Tn is actual thickness of branch in incl飞.es，
T2 is minimum thickness body of branch
calcul勘ed by Equation XIII/1 with C=35 if
seaInless in inches,
T3 is 仕úckness required to withstand extemal
loadsin 坦白白 =1 月如.chur由ss the loading
is known to be such as to requi恕 a greater
thickness and is=O where there is no
extemal10ading,
Tc is m.inimum thickness of compensating
plate .in inches,
51 is m拍拍lU黯 tensile streng位 of shell p1a秘
in tons per square in巾，
206
lndian Boiler Regulations
52' is mÌl'由num tensile strength of branch in
tons per squ町e inch,
53 is minimum tensile s忧en钊\ of ∞mpen­
sating plate in tons per squ町e inch,
W is width of compens'ating platein inches
measured in the same plate as the shell
operung.
AREA TO BE COMPEN5ATED
A=WxT1
COMPEN5AT的GAREA
(i) Pòrtion of shell available for compensation:
B = 2 (3 + Ts) (Ts - T1)
(总) Portion of branch ava i1able for compensation:
C = 2 (4 + Ts) [Tn - (T2
5.
+白)]言
(iii) Portion of welds available for com-
D = Total cross-sectional area of the
intemal and extema1 welding
fillets.
If A is greater than (B +C +D),
additiona1 compensation is re-:q叫red to make up 吐\ediffer四，ce.
In the ex缸口.ple shown in Figure
XII/66 由is is provided by me缸\s
of a compensating plate，出，e total
compensating area being such
出at (B+C+D)+Z is not less 出an
Awhere:
x W x Tc
per square inch for 1 inch bolts.
6，OOOpo田\dspersqu缸'e inch for 11/8 inches bolts.
6,500 pounds per squ缸e inch for 11/4 inches bolts~
For the purpose of ca1culation the pressure shall be
assumed to act on the whole area wi世ún .the pitch circ1e
of the bolts and the bolt area at the bottom of the screw
thread shàll be taken.
573. Standpipes and branche s- (a) 吐\e thickness and
bolting of all flanges for joining the mountings and
fittings shall be in accordance with the dimensions as
laid down in Appendix E to 吐\eseregulations. In no
case, however, shall the thickness offlanges be less
出an 13mm.
(b) (i) The Wall thickness of nozzles and other
connections shall not be less than 出at specified
for the applicable loading, namely , intemal
pressure, bending and static loads.
(泣)白le pressure loading sh a11 be determined by
,
一…一一一一-.p~臼且m二-一牛川一一一→4
Z 兰 2
5，0∞ pounds
5.
x"':"ι-
51
572. Raised Manhole Frames, Cover Plates and Joint
Bolts- Raised circular manhole frames not exceeding
16 inches in diameter shall not be less than 3/4 inch
仕úck in ~ll parts.
The circular oveì plates and joint flanges for such frames
shall be not less than一
1 inch thick for pressures not exceeding 120
pounds per square inch.
1-7/8 inches thick for pressures exceeding 120
pounds per square inch but not exceeding 200
pounds per square inch.
regulatiön5ð4;but'in…no'caseshallthe 由ickness
be less than 出at ca1culated by the following
formula:
t = .00D/+ 2.5 mm
(Eqn. XII/10)
where, t is the thickness of standpipe and D is
出e outside diameter of connection. If the branch
is connected by screwing，出e 址úckness t' shall
be measured at the root of 吐le thread.
I
(c) Where a double flanged steam pipe is tapered，出e
of flange joining the boiler and fitting shall
correspond to 出e bore .of pipe at the flange connection
in accordance with Appendix E to 仕\ese regulations.
574. Stayed Flat Surfaces (other than Crowns of
Vertical Boilers)- 5tayed Heads/Braced and 5tayed
5urfaces- For various braced and stayed flat plates
aild those which by these regulations require staying
as flat surfaçes with braces or staybolts of uniform
diameter symmetrically spaced，出e 吐úCkness shoùld
be cakulated by the following formula; namely :
仕úckness
,
-一____
e = Cd
I τ+
P
e1
'\1
,
、
、
、
11/4inches 吐吐ckforpress山eexc四ding2∞ pounds
but not exceeding 250 pounds per square inch.
For pressure exceeding 250 pounds per squ缸e inch,
raised circular manhole frames shall not be fi忧ed.
l
咀\e cover plat臼
sha1l be secured by at least sixteen steel
bolts not less 吐lan 1 inch diameter, such 吐l.êlt 吐\e stress in
the bolts due to steam pr臼S山e shall not exceed一
Where,
P = design pressure in kgf/ cm2
e = thickness, in mm.
d = diameter of the largest circ1e taken between
staying points of the plate (in mm)
lnd勿n
Boiler Regulations
207
f1 = 0.85 f (f as defined in regulation 271), kgf/αd
e1 = additional thickness equal to 0.75 mm (0.03 in)
C = coefficient having the following values:一
"(1) C = 0.33 for-flangedωrmections;
Note: d is the diameter of the largest cirde taken
from the commencement of the curvature of
These stay tubes are not required within túbe
nests except when the tube nests comprise tubes
which are expanded only. as shown typically in
figure XTI/67A(iü).
(i斗If
tube nests comprise plain tubes which are
expanded and beaded, expanded and belled as "
shown typically in figure XII/67A (iv) or
expanded and welded 、(as shown typically in
figures XII/67A 防部d 缸片， welded stay tubes
((as showntypically in figures XIIl67A(i) to (iv))
shal1 be used iriboundary rows in sufficient
numbers to carry 仕\e flat plate loadings outside
the tube area.
th号 flange.
(2) C =' 0.40 for stays screwedin plate wi坠 nutor
screwed and welded, or plain end streng注1
welded on the outside;
。) C = 0.33 for screwed bar stays with washer of
not less 也缸1 3.5 t Ìines the diameter of bar
stay;
(4) C = 0.31 for screwed bar stays with reinforcing
plate, washerand nut on the outside.
Notes:
1. If the plate is stayed in any other w町'， average valued
of C shall be taken into account.
2. If the plate is flame sw叩札 the 出ickness shall be
increased by 10%.
3. The welding materi革ls used in the 戳在nufacture of
these plates shall not have'the ul放双双始 tensilestr臼g役1
1号路 than that of the plate used.
575. 在挝 crown plates for vertical boi1er:谷一向 Flat
crown plates shall be supported by the uptake and/or
bar stays.
{总) The inside radiusof curvature of the flange 'tQ 也e
shell or fire box shall be not less than four timesthe
thickness of the plate and in no case less than 63飞 mm
where the plate is flanged for attachment to the uptai<;e,
the inside radius of curvature of the flange shall be n，战
less than twice the thickness of the plate and in no case
less 出an 25 mm.
(iii) The thickness of flat crown pla:tes shall be
determined in accordance with Re思主lation 5Z4.
576. 有ide
waler spaces between and around 始h
of plate af wide water spaces
calculated as per regulation 574 ta挝ng
N部主必-Th怠 thickness
位瑞 be
d =...J (A2了ß2)
where,
A is width of the wide water space between the
tube nests in mm measured from centre to centre
of the tubes; and
巴拉 pi胁。他eubes 坦出ebound町 rowsofthe
wide water space in 蛇出1.
577. F1 at tube plates and lubes nests…始
and plain tubes :
。 Stay
Stay
tubes
tubes are tubes having a weld d叩也 equal
to the nominal tube thickness plus 3 mm as
shown typically in figures XII/68A(i) to (iv).
(ili) For plain tubes and stay tubes exposed to flame
or gas temperatures 句 exceeding600 C， the ends
of welded tubes shall be dressed flush with the
welds and the ends of the expanded tubes shall
be as shown in figures XTI/67A 位i) and (iv). If
not so' expos时，设\e ends of welded 以lbes shall
extend a'm拟 imuin of 10 mm beyond 位le weld
0
or，站在eca舱。fexpanded 如bes，由e 妇bessha丑
projectbey∞d 轨，e
tube plate up to a maximum
of 15 rm宜1.
(1v)
Each stà.y tube shall be designed to carry its due
proportion of the load on the 'plates which it
supports. The thickness of stay tubes welded
into tube plates shall be such 出at 也e axial stress
on the thinnest part of the tube does not exceed
70N/mm2•
(b) Parts of flat plat础 within 如be nests…刃剑ay
tubes are used wìthin tubes nests, the thickness of the
tube plate shall be calculated in accordance with
regu1a钱。民 574.
'S78. Manhole Qpen始gs in Flat Plates-Where
nl2t '{Ùloles are located in fl拭 plates，注le openings shall
be sùitably compensate&
Compensation shall be obtain创 by flangìng the eqge
of the openìng, or by providìng a fabricating rìng (see
Figures XII/52, XII/53, XII/54,..XII/55 and XII/56).
The manhole ìn 出elow时 portion of the flat front end
platesshal1 be fitted with a flanged streng出eningrìng，
the thickness of the flat portion of whìch shall be not
less than (1.5 T + 1 月扭曲).
where,
τ= 注le 生híckness of the end p 1ate ìn ìnches, and in
boìlers of 7 feet and 6 inches diameter and over
在.e manhole frame shal1 be fitted with a peak to
reìnforce the po此ion of the end plate between
and below the fumaces and this peak shall be
securely welded thereto.
Indian Bo#er Regt出tions
208
In a1l cases the d叩出 of 出eflan回吨。r ring shall not be
l笛sthan 出at
Notes:
determined by
主嚣
Equation 研/6.
WP.O
-………-…
WP+21
+
c甲
Eqn. (XD/15)
where,
WP = Intemal wor险唱 pr臼sure， kg/ cm2 (目， and
。役\er symbols as per cl町ifications indicated
at (a) above.
Where 出e ma币\ole
is located inor between 阳be
nests in Multitubular boilers or b章low the furnaces of
other Boilers the stay tube事 in the boundry rows, or
出e 事且S随t st革ys， as 毒pplicable， shall be arranged as
closely as practicable to the manhole.
In no case the thickness of straight tubesunder intema1
579
队.
Plain τu革b
挝
es
如如幽.叩 (a
苟) Atta
配
ch血e
町nt.
此t……. Plain tubes m.a句
y
be welded at both ei\ds, weldedat the 泣让et 缸\d
expanded at 出e outlet end, or expanded at both ends.
Where the tubes are expanded on1y，设\e process shall
be carried out with expanders having para1lel rollers,
and the expanded po础。Inof 也e tube sha1l be parallel
出rough thefu挂出icknessof 出e tube plate. In addi位on
to expanding tubes m.ay be bell.皿侃出ed or beaded at
布.e' in1et end.
pressure shall be
less 役\an
listed below :
Tube outside dÚlmeter (mm)
Min加Jum
t hickness
Not exceeding 39
Exceeding 39 but not exceeding 51
Exo出ding 51 but not exceeding 70
Exceeding 70 but not exceeding 77
Exceeding 77 but not ex仰告ding 96
Exceeding 96 but not exceeding 102
Exceeding 102 but not exceeding 127
(mm)
1.75
2.16
2.40
2.60
3.05
3.28
3.50
?到here…商e_tube_is到elded.lo响曲也相be-抖础。由e 汩汩
Sho u1d be light1yexpanded to grip the tubes hole before
welding.
Tube穆…F 币\e spacing of tube holes sha1l
the minimum width in 凶ches of any li事a­
ment between 也.e tube holes 锦州 be not less 出an'
580. Pitch of
besuch 出at
制The 位ickness of tubes under extemal pressure 续被且
be calculated as under :
wP'O
t=
丁五f +C
Eqn. (Xß /14)
of tube in mm.
Extemal working pressure in kg/cm~ (g)
Outside tube diameter in 1I旧坦meters.
Corr，出ion a丑。wance to be taken as 0.75
millimetre but for 串tain1础 s steel C 嚣。Higher value may be adopted、 if desired by
user.
allowable stress as per regulation 338.
t= 双啦啦num 位úckness
F=
altematively,
也e 制.ckne黯 andcr栩如section of the plate betw四nthe
where,
WP' =
o=
C=
:+川
no case 位\e thickness of straight tubes under
extemal pres鼠ll'e shallbe less 泣\anas 埋怨cified below:
tube holes
Minimum
0.170 + 0.025 =自由也\umcros问时岳.oninsqu缸einches.
where, 0 is diameter of the tube hole in inch臼.
In no case shall the
(d) Intemal Pressur←-η忧患ickness of tub倒
intemal pressure shall be ca1culated as under :
under
11回$泣\an
of any tube
following lir挝ts:
htM
where the diameter of 出e 阳behole d使.s not exceed 2
inches.
白一
T=
~
16
2.10
2.28
2.81
3.12
3.38
3.96
4.26
1y郎烛um 位úckn由.s
plate in the tubearea be
t始阳es.宙 (mm)
Not exceeding 32
Exceeding 32 but not ex岱eding 39
意xceeding 39 but not exceeding 51
Exceeding 51 but not exceeding 70
Exαeding 70 but not exceeding 77
Ex臼eding 77 but not exceeding 87
Exceeding 87 but not exceeding 102
not less 也an
0.1250 + 0.2 = minimum'thickn部 in inches.
〈咛In
Tube outside diameter (mm)
sha提 be
where 也e
inch
diameter of the tube hole is greater than 2
inches.
581. Stay Tube莎白 Stay tubes Shall be of steel 部相巾醋
electrically resistance welded.
。r
(a) The Minimum Thickness of Stay Tubes一古巴
m抽imum thlckness of stay tubes shall be as per
Regulation 148.
lndian Boiler Regulations
209
(b)吐lemax面lum
working pressure for screwed in
stay tube shall be calculated by the following
fo口nula:
5900
rI
_ 1.28 \ 2 _ _ 1
,2 1 Eqn. (XIII/16)
NI - D
-IJ
W卫=一一 11 D 一一 I
L\-
D is diameter of the stay tube
over 仕rreads
in
inch白，
D1 is intemal diameter of the tubes under the
threads in inches ,
N is number of 仕rreads per inch,
A is 出.e area in square inches supported by one
Stay tube, measured from centre to centre of
stay tubes. When the area contains tubes or pa时s
of tubes their aggregate area; calculated from
their smallestextemal diameter of body when
intension and smallest internal when in
compression,. shall be deducted from the area of
the containing figure and the remainder used as
A in the fo口nula.
Where stay tubes have their thickness increased
at the screwed, ends to provide for plus threads
the increased thickness shall be obtained by
upsetting and not by welding, and the tubes
shall be subsequently annealed.
Stay tubes may be attached to the tube plates
either by screwing or by metal arc welding.
Where stay tubes are screwed'into the tube plates
they shall be screwed with a continuous thread
not finer than 11 threads per inch at both ends
and shall be expanded into 出e tube plates, by
roller expander and, if desired, may be seal
welded.
Welded attachment of stay tubes be as shown in
Figures XII/67, XII/67A , XI1/ 68 , XII/68A and
XII/69.
582. Compression of Tube Plates一 (a) For fire-box or
combustion chamber tube plates which emsubject to
compression due to 出e pressure on .the ~oof plate，出e
max面mm working pressure shall be :
W.P. =
C x (P 一 D) x t
,- -,.. -
LxP
Eqn.
is 由ickness
L is intemal length of the fire-box or combustion
chamber in inches measured at top between tube
plate and firehole plate or back plate, or between
tube plates in double ended bo i1 ers with
combustion chambers common to two opposite
fumaces.
C=875
Provided 出at
the above formula shall not apply in the
cases of fire-boxes where the girders do not z:i:!st on the
tube plate, or wherl'! the roof plate is stayed direct to
the outer shell or to girders supported by the shell.
(b)Where girciers ~est on the side' plates or 出e roof
plate is so formed 出at the load is carried. both by side
and end plates，也e compressive stress on the plates
shall not in either case exceed 14,000 po山lds per square
inch.
583. Girders for Fire-Box and Combustion Chamber
Crowns一 (a) For girders supporting crown plates of
rectan事llar fire-boxes , where the ends of the girders
are supported by the vertical end or side plates，也eir
proportions shall be calculated by the following
formula:
C ST d 2
Eqn. (XII/18)
W.P.= 一一-一
UY
where,
WP is working pressure in pounds per square inch,
5 is minimum tens i1e stress of the material in tons
per square inch,
T is total thickness of the stay 扭曲irty seconds of
an inch,
d is depth of the girder stay in inches,
L is Length of girder' stay in inches measured
between the inside of the tube plate and the
firehole plate, or between the inside of the side
plates, according to the method of support,
Y is pitch of girder stays in inches ,
C = 22 for steel plates or steel forgings ,
= 19 for steel castings.
(XI1/ 1η
whe肥，
t
D is intemal diameter of the plain tubes in inches,
of the tube plate in 也irty seconds of
an inch,
P is pitch of the tubes in inches , measured
horizontally where the tubes are chain pitched
or diagonally where the tubes are zig zag pitched
and the diagonal pitch is less than the horizontal,
(b) Where girders are welded to 出.e crown pl掏出e
dimensions of the welds shall be such 出at 出.e stress
calculated on an area equal to the sum of the effective
lengths of the welds attaching each girder multip1ied
by the effective throat 由ickness shall not exceed 7,500
po山lds per square inch multip 1ied by 出e appropriate
weld factor in Table XII/17, (咀ffective length" and
"effective 仕rroat thickness" are defined in Regulation
lndian Boiler Regulations
2.1 0
591). The loaçl on the welds shall be taken as 位atdue
tö 出.e design þressure äëtirtg -ört the ärea LY : L and Y
being as defined in Re萨lation 583.
584. Girder Sling Stays-唰 For slung girders the
propor悦。n in slings，险邸， pins andconnections to the
shell shall be sufficient to carry the whole load 也at
would otherwise be carried on 生he toes of the girders
and for any of the above par始 in tension a stress of
9,000 pounds per square inch of net section, and for
parts in shear a stress of 8,000 pounds per square inch
of net section shall not be exceeded. 1n the case of parts
in double shear, the net area of the section should be
taken as 1.875 times the single section.
585.Stays for Fire-Boxes and Circular Fumaces一
位)SolidScrewed Stay
For screw stays to combustion chambers and fire ,.boXes and for longitudinal and
cross stays, the maximum working pressure forthe
费姐Yfi i!;J9 1le çalculatedfrom the.appropriate one of the
following two formulae :
•…
W.P.=
~ (0 响孚 r
Eqn. (XII/ 19)
Thepitchof 出.e stays at
t恼合s the 也ickriess
the fire七ox shall not exceed 14
of the fire七ox plate.
586. Fire-Box Crown Stays for Loco-Type Boi1 ers-:
Where fire七ox crownstays are direct1y attached to a
semi-cylindrical outer casin程， and the fire-box top is
chambered and fi饮ed wi出 stays arranged as shown 阳
军igure XTI /78 the 白kkness of the outer casing shall be
sufficient to provide not lèss than three engaging
threads, of which not less than one shall be full thread
in stays not normal to 也e stayed surface, but if the
出ickriess of the plate is not sufficient to give one
engaging full 也read 血e plate shall be reinforced.
Where vertical stays only are used to take part of the .
load on the fire box top, boilers 悦和 sheUs 4 feet and 6
inch辅 diameter 相d over shall be fitted with transverse
stays (see Figures XII /79). Stays may be attached as
shown in Figures XTI/秽， XTI/40 andXII/41.
一一一一一一叫一…←~_.
一呵呵十而如……一一一一一一一一…
587. Longitudinal barstays- The maximum working
pressure for longitudinal bar stays is to becalculated
from the appropriate one of the following two
formulae:
r、 ~T、 2
W.P.=
二rL
Eqn. (XII/ 20)
WP is the working pressure in po山lds per square
inch,
o is diameter of stays over threads in inches,
0 1 is diameter of body of stay at its smallest part in
inches,
N is number of 址ueads of stay per inch,
A is area in square inches supported by one stay
for area to be supported by stays near tubes in
如'e-box tube plates of Loco嗣type boilers, [优e
Re事ùati∞ 193 (a)},
C = 7,100 for steel or special wrought iron screw
stays to combustion chamber or fire七oxes，
C 捏 8þ40 for steel10ngitudinal or cross stays fitted
wi出 nuts，
= 4,700 for copper stays.
Where stays are made 悦和 ert1arged ends and
the body of the stay is smaller in diameter than
at the bottom of 由e 位uead 也.e working pressure
shall be calculated from the second formula:
Circumf母rential
Stay for' Circular Fumaces and
diameter of 白.e stay shall be not less
出.an 3/4 inch or twice 白.e thickness of 位\e f让e七ox
plate, whichever is 也e greater. 阳性\e case of screwed
也reads the diameter shall be measured over the threads.
(b)
Fire-Boxe萨- The
W.P.=
~
(0- ~副主
W.P.=
Eqn.
(X狂 /21)
Eqn.
(泪1122)
wh", ú::,
is workingp搜捕ure in pounds per square inch,
is diameter of stays over 处ueads 扭扭.ches，
is diameter of body of stays at 姆$黯allest pa此
in inch舱，
is the number of 注ueads of stay per 扭曲，
is area in square inches supported by one stay,
is values given in Table below.
WP
o
01
N
A
C
TABLE XIII5- Stress on longitudinal bar stay革
反ange
01 tensile strength 01 阳 r
Tons per square inch
26/30
28/32
30/34
32/36
Value OIC
Pounds per s夺现 re ínch
7850
8640
9320
102∞
Where bar stays are fitted in vertical boílers, not less
也an fourbar stays shall be fitted to boilers of 4 feet and
over but under 5 feet in diameter; five bar stays to
boilers of 5 feet and over but under 6 feet in diameteri
six bar stays to boilers of 6 feet and over in diameter.
Indian Boiler Regulations
211
In noca舱，
shall the diameter of the stay at any part be
1 inch. Where joined stays are fitted , the
strength of 也e knuck1e joint employed shall be at least
equal to the strength of the remainder of the bar stay.
less 也an
588. Loads on Stay Tubes and Bar Stay酷-Stay tubes
and bar stays shall be designed to carry the whole load
due to the pr部sure on the area to be supported, the
areas being cakulated 脱 follows:
(a) For a stay tube wi也in the tube nest the net area to
besuppo戎edshallbe 也e product of the horizontal
and vertical pitches in inches, of the stay 阳bes
holes embraced. Where the pitch of the stay tubes
is irregular the area shall be taken as 也esqua陀
of the mean pitch of 血.e stay tubes (i;e. the square
of 1.4 of the sum of the four sides, of any
quadrilateral bounded by four adjace时 stay
tubes), less the ar础。f 也.e tube holes embraced.
(b) For a stay 如.oe in the boundary row, or for bar
stay, the net area to be supported shall be the
area, in square inches 哥mclo铅d by 1ines passing
midway between the stay and the adjacent points
of support and by the boundarymargin (s销
Regulation 589), less 也e area of ahy tubes or
stays embraced.
(c) In the case of bar stay where there are no stay
机lbes 泣t the tube nest the area to be supported
shall extend to the tangential boundary of the
阳:ben臼t
589. Flat Plate Mar琶栩如-τne amount of support in
relief of the stays which may be attributed to 也.e shell,
如maces or flues to which flat plates are attached, shall
not exceed that determined by 也e following formulae:
C (t … 1)
Width of marg坠s in inches =…π工τ:... Eqn. (泪ν23)
呼 WP
where,
t is plate 也ickness in 位让勾r seconds in an
inch,
WP is working pressure in pounds per square
inch,
C = 3.47 for plates exposed to flame,
C 需 3.70 for plates not expos创 to flame.
Whe re the plates are flanged, the margin shall be
measured from 生he commencement of curvature of
flangi鸣， or from a 1ine 3~ times the thickness of the
platemeas曰ed from the outside of the plate, whichever
is nearer to the flange. Where the flat plat is not flanged
侬 attachment to the shell or flue 阳bes and is welded
as shown'坦 fi思主red XII/12 or XII/16 the width of the
margin shall be measured 仕om the inside of the shell
or the outside of 和.e flue tube, whichever is applicab-le.
In no case, however, shall the diameter 0 of the circle
fon挝鸣也 boundary of the margin suppor饱d by the
uptake of a vertical boiler be greater 由an 和atfoundby
出.e following formula:
.15000A
=\1云云斗+
￥ W.P.
d2
Eqri. (XII/24)
A is cross-sectional area of the uptake tube in
square ÌJlches,
W.P. is working p陀ssure in pounds per s电uare
inch,
d is extemal diameter of uptake in inches.
590. Breathing space- BreatJ:也19 spaces as provided
in clause 胁， (ü) or (üi) shall be provided depending on
位e design of the boiler with special attention to 也e
provisions of sub-regulation (ggg) of regulation 546
regarding furnaces.
(i) For boilers as per dauseωof sub-regulation 电gg)
of regulation 546 :
(a) Arrangement of stays: Stays shall be arranged
to give sufficient breathing space around the
fumace connections and tube nests (see figures
XII /75 and XII /77), and shall divided the
unstayed areas equally.
(b)
Multi儒tubular boilers: For both the front and
rear attachment of fumaces , the breathing spac臼
between fumace and tube nests or between
spaces betwee l1 furn.ace and tube nests or
between fumace and shell shall be a minimum
of 50 mm or 5% of the shell insid~ diameter,
whichever is larg时， with a maximum
requirement of 1∞红四1.
Clearances between the fumace and wet-back
wrapper plat.部 shall not I吨uire considerati∞
as breathing spaces.
In the case of reverse flame boi1er嚣， thebrea也ing
spaceat 仕\e front end between fumace and tube
nests shall be not less 也an 50 mm and the brea出"
ing space formed by 出.e out.臂-armular area of
位.e fumace rear plate sha在 be not less 出馆1
50 mm or 5% of the shell inside diameter, whichever is large乙 with a maximum of 100 mm.
Breathing spaces between gusset or link stays
and tube ends shall be not less 也an 100 mm.
Clearances between the tubes and wet-back
Indian Boiler Regulations
212
wrapper plates shall not require consideration
as br倒也ing spaces.
Bre钱也ing spaces betweer飞t1J.bes and shells shall
notbe less 也an40 mm.
Breathing spaces between gusset or 如业 stays
andfuma忍es 结m吕 benotl臼S 也an2∞ mm 臼cept
也at
for shell outside diameters exceeding 18∞
mm and fumace lengths exceedingω∞ mm
注\ey shall be not less than 250 mm and for shell
outside diameter less than 1400 mm and furnace
leng血s less than3侃到Omm 坠ey shall be not less
仕lan150mm.
All 0由.er brea位ing sp也能s shall be a minimum
of 50 mm or 3% of the shell inside diameter,
whichever is larger, with a max阳\um requirement of 1∞ mm.
(c) Comish and Lanc嗣hire boilera: 如 C6mish
………一…主蝉~rs，Jhtl~l~Lde制吗盐leh坦硝lingspaces
shall be as shown in figure X1I/73 i.e. the distance
ABbetween 阳 centreof 也.e
stay circ1e and 也e
c四悦 of 也.e f1ue shall be not less 也.an3制臼，
where, e is 出e 俭让.ckness of 也.e end pla惚 h
g拉出应\etres.
Note: For Lancashire boiler毡， the proportions shown in table
Xß ;6A given below are recommended for 也epor挝 on
of the end plates above the fumace嚣 and flues.
255
14
16
18
Shell outside diameter
or fumace 1创供1
< 1400 mm \ 150 mm
<3oo0mm J
Brea位由\g spaces between 事后能t
nests shall be not less than
20
over 20
280 305 330 330
340
(ii) For b创lers as per dause (ii) 01 sub-re和llation
(ggg) 01 Regulation 54←呻 Stays shall give breathing
spaces around the fumace connections and tube nests
(see figur部泪1 /70toX在177， XII/80， Xll/80A， 沼1/80B，
X1I 1部Cand XlI I船>0) and equally divide the unstayed
areas. Brea伽ing spaces between fumaces and 阳benes始
shall be a minimum of 50 11'回\ or 5% ofthe shell outside
diameter, whichever is largeri but need not be more
船an 100 mm.
spaces between furnaces and shells sha吕 be
as given inτable 足1/6B or XII/6C as applicable, but
shall be not less 出an 50 mm or, for bowling hoop
i ， not le部也拙 75 mm as measured from the
fumac囚
outside d泌meter of 出ebowllngh∞p.
or link stays and tube
1∞ mm.
When unflanged f1at and plates as used，白ebrea和ing
spaces between gussets or link stays andfumaces shall
be increased asfollows:
In口ease 200 11'田1 to 220 mm
Increase 250 仅四\ to 275 位留1
Increase150mmto 165 11'出k
Incre法se1∞ mmtoUOα1m
All other brea位也\g spac顶s shallbe a minimum of 50
mm' or 3% of the shell outside diameter whichever is
larger but need not be more 践相 100 mm.
Table XIII6B Breathing 咛ac，础 between fumaces and' shells
when tube plate thickness does not exceed
25 rnm. (See Table Xß /6C also)
Length between
如iler 号nd
It is recornmended 也就出，e breathing space below the flue
be approxímately one-half of 生he dimensions given in table
Xß ;6A.
Brea仕由\g
> 18∞ mm \ 250mm
> 6000 mm J
t如
plates
L in m
Breathi咆 spaα
一一一一一
% ofo世如 Ma xi-
side diameter mum
(Note)
mm
Inserted flat ends
Flanged ends
m-m一
-则
m
Di mension L (in rnm)
<see figure Xß;如
13
Shell outside diameter
or fumace length
Design
XIV6A Breathing space for Lancashíre Boi1ers
Th ickness of end plate
{in rnm)
Breathing spaces between gusset or link stays and
fumaces shall be not less 也an2∞ mm， except fori
出一…二…
T撞ble
For the boilers having more than one fumace, breathing
spac四 between furnaces shall be not less 也.an 120 mm.
Note: But not less than 50 mm or, for bowling hoop furnaces
75rnm
Whenthea位ual 出cknessof 出e 四d p 1ate exceeds 25 mm
也.e b陀a也ing spac臼 in
accordance with Table X丑16B
shall be increa部d in accordance wi出 Table 沼IJ 6C.
Table XIII6C Breathing spaces between 恼naces and shells
when the thicknes暗 of the end plate exceeds
25mm
k嗒th
卢lrnace
0/
Breathin豆 space
%0/ d.
m
三 5.5
5.5 < L
6.0 < L
s 6.0
s 6.5
6.5
7.0
8.0
Need not be
more than mm
mummm
130
140
150
65
70
75
Mini幽
lndían Boiler Regulations
213
(iii) For boilers not covered under the above dauses
òf this regulation- Gusset stays shall be arranged 也
give sufficient bearing space around the fumace connect拍ns 叙\d tube nests (see Figures XII/70 to XIν77，
XII/80， χII/80A to XII/80B. The proportions shown in
τable XII/6D a陀 re∞mmended for 也e portion of 也e
end plates above the fu口laces and 出e flues.
0 :0.
the area it supports. The areas supported by
any one stay shall beobtained by considering
the total area to be supported which lies within
the limits of the flat plate margins and dividing
也is area by boundary lines drawn between the
stays. These boundary lines shall be at all po坦ts
equidistant fromthe adjacent p。如ts of support
in the area 出\der consideration.
Table XIII6D Breathing Space
Thickne路 ofend
plate
mm
m疗t
< 13
255
14
> 14 ~l 岳
> 16 ~ 20
>20
305
330
340
注 13 ~
The effective uniformly distributed load on a
triangular gusset plate or on a diagonallink stay
shall be assumed to be 吨ual to the perpendicular
load on th~ portion of the end plate to be
supported (determined as above)multiplied by
L/L 1 (see Figures XII/81 , XII/82 and XII/83).
Dimension 'L'
280
在)
Gusset Plates… Gusset plates shall be so
"V" (see Figures
XII/ 81 and XII/82), is not less than 600 •
proportioned 也.at 独εangle
The breathing space below the flues sha l1 be
approximately one-half the dimensions given in Table
XII/6.
For gusset stays above the tube nes怡， as fitted in
multitubular w部 te heat boilers without internal
fum时es， a breathing space of 20.3 mm from the centre
line of the adjacent tubes to the toe of the gusset angle
or plate, may be maintained. For the back end stays
below the fumaces of multitubular dryback boi1ers, a
brea也ing space of 152 mm may be maintained where
the flues are constructed in accordance wi也 regulation
546.
Where the flues are constructed of corrugated sections
welded together, a breathing space of 114 mm may be
maintained.
59 1. Gusset Li nk, Brace and Similar Stays句- For
welded Lancashire Comish and Cylindrical Horizontal
Multitubular type boi1er窑， all-welded gusset stays shall
not be used. To ensure flexibility, link stays, bar stays,
brace stays and other simi1ar stays or suitably designed
gusset stays other than the all-welded type shall be
U阳d. All welded gusset stays, however, may be used
in cylindrical hori嚣。ntal waste heat and cylindrical
vertical multitubular boi1ers.
Welded gusset stays and braces may be used for welded
Lancashire , Cornish and Cylindrical Horizontal
Multitubular bo i1ers provided their method of
attacrunent is. approved by the InspectingAu也ority.
(a) Load on Each Stay… Each guss剖 or link stay
supporting the flat end plate of a boi1er shall be
designed to carry the whole load due to pressure
古怒也ickness of 注le
gusset plate shall be such
that the stress in the plate to withstand the
effective uniformly distributed load (as defined
above) calculated on the smallest cro锚'黯ction
on line XX or YY (Figure XII/81 挝\d XII/82),
shall not exceed one幡seventh of the minimum
tensile stress of the plate used but 坟、 no case
shall the thickness be less than seven吃ighths of
泣le thickness of the shell, plate with a minimum
of 7 /1 6 inch.
Where al1 welded gusset stays are used a
stìffening plate shall be welded at the toe of the
思主sset where it is secured to the end pla怡 i.e.
where the maximum stress occurs, (see Figure
XII/ 81).
(c) Link Stays- Link stays shall be so arranged
that 出e
angle "V" (Figure XIT/83) is not less
600 and the dimensions shall be such that
stress in the stay at its weakest part does not
exc回d one-seventh of the 红白磁num tensile stres嚣
of the plate used.
也an
(d) Anchor Plates, Angles, Li nk Pins and the Li ke
Member荡一吐\e s校ength of anchor plates, angles
and link pins calculated at the weakest section
shal1 be as follows :
(i) Link pins shall be so designed that 出e
shear stress does not exceed 8，∞o pounds
per square inch, the strength of pins in
double shear being taken as 1.875 times
the strength of pins in single shear.
〈均Anchor plates or angles shal1 be so designed
出at
the calculated stress does not exceed
lndian Boiler Regulations
214
one-seventh of the minimum tensile stre部
of the material used, but in no case shall
the 也ic挝\ess be less 也an seven啦庐啦。f
the thickness of the shell plate with a
u由白num of y.z inch, nor 出怠 length of 由e
portion 挝tached to the end p1a始 be less
than the distance between the lines of end
to shell flat margin and 也ebre础由\gspace
line around the flues of tube nests.
如)
Maximum furnace diameter- The mean diam制r
of fuinaces shall not exceed 18∞ m肌
(b) Notations :
b is the pitch of 出.e fumace corrugations (in mm)i
C is the corrosion allowance 但 0.75 双1m;
d is the mean diameter of fumace (如 mm) (see
note 1);
d max is the maximum mean diameter of th，台 fumace
(in mm);
(e). Weld Attachment- Where 胆量setp1at，锚， anchor
p1ate嚣。'r an窑les are welded to 由.e shell and/or
d mln is the minimum mean diameter of the f瑞m岱
end p 1ates, the attachment shall be by mean嚣。f
(in mm)i
continuous fillet welds on each s挝.e or by butt
e is 出，e fumace plate thicknes量 (in mm);
wel也 prepared in 挝cordance withparagraph
E is Young's modulus pf elas剧，ty (in kg/ cm2) at
2, det盒ils 1, 烛， n or p or Appendix A of 血检
也.e design tempera饥ue.
Chapter.
Et is the specified m如垃\um elevated temperature
The welds 由all be of such d挝l.ensions 注1时也e
yield stress or 出e 0.2% proof stress at the design
stress calcu1a ted on an area eψal to the effective
temperature (in kg/础2);
~!:lg事 of 蜒~~eld .Jl\ul辞掉led~ ]::Iy 蛙坦~ff~çtivι 一
F .iS ~the~cioss':民iCfiõ'riâI 盯部， of a 10仇gHuâ.inãr­
出roat 出ickness shall not exceed 也at permitted
section of the corrugated fumace wall, of leng位1
for the parent metal multiplied by the
b and thickness 位-c) (in mm 2) [see figures
appropriate weld factor 总 Table Xll /7.
泣1/94 (a) to (g)]
在\e effective lèngth of a weld shall be taken as
1 is 出e 钝cond moment of area of one c哽\plete
也at length of weld. which is of the specified size
corrugation about its neutral axis, excludins the
衔。ughout.
corosion allowance (in mm4);
For open幡ended fi1let welds the effective len露出
Is is 也，e sec∞d moment of 缸'ea of p1ain stiffener
shall be 出台 over allleng出 less twice 也e weld
section (see figures XI1I21 &泪1122) ábout its
s1Ze.
neutral axis，如duding a leng啦。f 也，e furr飞aceof
Forthepu哩。se ofst宫ess calcu1ation 设\e effective
0.55'"碍了。，n each 'side of 阳 stiffener (泣\mm句
也roat thickness of a butt weld shall be taken as
(see note 2);
也e 出ic挝\ess of the gus院t or another plate and
L is the distance between the c阻.tre of two effective
the effective 也roat thickness of fillet weld shall
points of support (in mm) (see note 衍;
be t球en as 0.7 of the fillet size. For compound
P Is the design pressure (in kg/ cm可
wel也出.e effective thickness shall be 由esumof
51
is 也，e factor of 姐fety:
those of the ∞nstituènt par辄
监 2.5 for fumaces in c1a嚣s 1and class 11 boilers
TABLE XI1I7 W牵ld attachments
= 3.5 for fumaces in class III boilers
Form of weld '
Weldfactor
2.0 for fumaces and wrapper plates not
Not stress Stress relíeved
exposed to fl缸ne.
relier.恕d
52 is the factor of safety:
Sing被 J or b母vel butt哨窑lds
飞Insealed
0.35 0.45
嚣 3.0 for class 1 ánd c1ass n boilers
(with or wi也out super
imposed fil1哇。
Sealed 0.60 0.70
= 3.9 for class IIIboilers
Double Jor bevel butt-welds
u is the percentage out of roundness to be tâken as
(with or wìthout superimposed
1.5 for plain fumaces and 1.0 for corrugated
fillets)
Unsealed 。.60 0.70
fumacesi
Double fillet welds
0.55 0.65
W is the depth of corrugation (坦 mm).
Notes 1: For ∞rrug在tedfurna饵s， mean diarne惚risequal
592. Furnaces， furn挝e components, wet back reversal
to inside diameter plus full depth of one
chambers and fire boxes of cylindrical form subject
c:orrugation referred to in Fig XII/94 whic:h is
如 external pre槌W←刷 Furn剖es:
equal to the inside diam苦阳刊+W.
=
lndian Boiler Regulations
215
2: When calculating Is} it is only necessary to take
into account a corrosion allowance on the
furnac程 gas side.
3: Stiffeners complying with figures XII/21 and
XII/泣如说r and reversal ch在mber end plates
are consiâered 始 be effective points of suppor t.
4:τ'he design temperature ('I f the furnace == Cs +
知+ 15 saturation t，号mperature plus four times
the thickness of the furnace plus 15.
(c) Evaluation of Young}s modulus at the desi在n
temperature. Value of E shall be obtained from the
following table (b y linear interpolation if required).
Desìgn temperature
inoC
Va/ue 吃fE
(Eqn. XI1/25)
173E (e 叩C)2.5
zsf
、) (Eqn.
1
52 Ld
XII/ 25A)
51bd 11 +
FWdu
5d (e -C ì 3 )
800 1 H + -- I - ,- I ~
L '" W } I
(Eqn. XII/28)
r.
(g) Tolerances and allowances : The ca1cùlated wall
thickness contains a fixed allowance 010.75 mm for
corrosion and wear. For corrugated fùrhaces , the
ca1c ulated wall thickness shall be the minimum thickness of the finished fumace. For plain fumaces and
reversal chambers, allowance shall be made to t咏e
account of any minus tolera,nces on the plate thickness.
(h) Out-of-roundness
roundness is as follows :
out-of-
、一础叫
,
GM
，
叫 iT
mm α
u
叩附
the thickness
percenta 茜e
The
，
+
)
P=
d
of
This shall be inc1uded in the ca 1culatìon as u骂1.0 for
corrugated fumaces and u= 1.5 for plain fumaces.
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obtained shall be used ‘
e
Corrugated 如mace事:
∞-dA
Equation XII/25 and XII/25(A) may be expressed in
termsofth记kness using equation XII/26 and XII/26向
B-2
(e) Fumace components : The thickne黯 of fumace
components, e.g.ash drop-out tubes and fuel inlet
conn配tiα1嚣， shall be ca1culated in accordance with subregula tion (d) with a minimum thickness of 10 mm and
a maximum thíckness of 22 红也L
1乳J
)(z;;iL)
Sl d
fumace/∞mbustion chamber has tubes radially
to 泣. The thickness of 出的 portion of the fumace is to be
incr，制sed by the value of ligament efficiency.
The de到军n pressure of
furnaces.. shall. bedeter如ined using the
equa挝on XII/28 but 也e 泣出如\ess shall be not less than
1O m and shallnot exceed 22mm.Cai印刷 value
d I and F foz some ot the F伺机19ations are given in
figure XII/94 for other shapes and sizes ca1cula垣ons
need to be made fro1l) basic principles.
(d) Plain fumaces一 The de然驴 pressure of plain
fumaces shall be the 10吱er of those obtained using
equations XII/25 and
thìckness shall be not less than
exceed 22 mm :
?嚣 2Et (e 甲c)
If the
corrugat恕d
1987
1947
1896
1845
1814
1+
4
(f)
in
kg/c m2 x 1 ()3
250
300
350
400
450
==叫嚣r. +叫姐/26A)
e
JJ
。 Stiffene黯:
(i) Stiffeners shall have second moment of ar瑞 not
le部 than.that given by the following equation:
I嚣尘
Pd3 L
1. 35 )( 107
lndian Boiler Regulations
216
巷
(ii) If the stiffeners are made in sections from oar or
plate, the
,
怕也.e
mean of that at the top and at the bottom
where it meets the substar瑞al support fro豁出e
flange or 古ing，
abut胁革 ends
shall be prepared so as
to 创\Sure that full penetration welds are made.
The 位让.ckness of thé stiffening ring shall be kept
tothe minimum required (for 1垣liting d泣\en­
sions see fi伊res XII/21 and XII/22)~
(iii) Bowling hoops are considered as effective points
of support. The m抽泣\um pitch of bowling hoop
centres shall be not less than 500 n田\. If bowling
hoops are used, the fumace 哇哇ckness shall be
ca Ic ulated from sub-regulation (d). The
dimensions of bowling hoops shall be in
accordance with figures XII/95 (的，在)and (c)
and theìr second moment of area determined
be
from the tables given inthese figures , shall 悦
泯O
供t.号始s
臼s than 玄
requi坟
red by sub-翩r
陀
egu丘1a鼠 on (i).
(iv) If corrugated fumaces areequipped wìth several
stiffene碍， e.g. one on each corrugation oron
each second corrugation, the cross-sectional area
L is length of 也e firebox 阳 inches between points
In no case, however, sball the 出ickness be more than
7/8 inch. For fireboxes under 2 feet and 6 inches in
diameter, the thickness shall be not le豁出an 5 /1 6 抓住
and for fireboxes 2 feet and 6 inches in dìameter and
over 和e 注IÌckness sha11 be not less 由an3 月 inch.
594. Corrugated Fireboxes of Vertical Boilers- For
semi-spirally corrugated fireboxes of 'Sentinel'
standard /motor wagon boilers the worki.ng pressure
shall be c;1etermined by the following formula :
也e
十一…and枪lesecond-moment-of-area .of 也estiffeners
G)
shall also be taken into consideration when using
the equation XII/28. A height of not 凯ore than
four t垃\es the fumace thic挝\ess shall be used
for the calculation.
Circular reversal chambers:
{斗在\e thickness of wrapper plates of cylindrical
reversal chambers of horizontal multitubular
boilers shal1 be caIculated in accordance with
也e equa位ons given in sub-regulation (d). 在\e
剧.ckness shall be not greater than 35 mm and
shall be not less than. 10 mm.
However, the design temperature for reversa1
chamber wrapper plates shall be determined in
航cordance with 出e followi吨 equations :一
t = (ts + 2e2) or 但+ 50) whicheyer is greater.
where,
t = D部ign temperature (in degree Centigrade)
ts = Saturation temperature of water (indegree
Centrigrade) at the de约gn pressure, for
both steam or hot water boilers.
e2 = nominal plate thickness (in mm).
'(ij) 白\e 也ic挝le弱。f access tubes shall be caIcu 1ated
in accordance with sub-regul挝ion (d) 脱出 a
minimum thickness of 10 mm.
593. Plain Fumaces of Vertical Boilers- The maximum
working pressurè oíPlain Fumaces of Vertical Boilers
shall be the lesser of the two values obtained by
Equ睬。ns XII/25 and XII/26.
where,
D = extemal diameter of the fire扣。，x in inches. Where
the firebox is tapered the diameter taken shall
‘
of substantial support measured from 出ecom幡
mencement of flange curvature or from the
foundation connection, or from a row of screwed
stays which comply with Regulations 550 (b),
585 (b), whichever is applicable.
…
W.P. 嚣
.C(t 平均一~
D …
Eqn.
(XII/29) 叽
where,
W丑= is working pressure in pounds per square inch，、
t= 抬出ckr眩目 ofthef让她oxp1atein 仕ùrty seconds
of an inch,
D = is mean of the extemal diameters of fireb似
measured over the plaìn part at each at
commencement of curvature of flange,
C = 390
No corrugated furnace shall be less 也.an 3/8 inch thick.
595. Hemispherical Fumaces of Vertical BoilersWhenf邵阳es are henlispherical in form and subj函
to pressure on 出.e convex side and are without support
from stays of any kind the maxin飞um working pressure
sha11 be found by the following formula :
275 (t - 1)
W.P. 出去
E萨. (XII/30)
Where,
W.P. is working pressu, re in po阻'\ds per square inch,
t is 出ickness of 在e 阳p plate in 也irty seconds of
an inch,
R is outer radius of curvature of the fumace in
inches.
The 位ickness
of these fumaces sha11 in no case exceed
7/8 inch.
596. Foundations of Vertical Boiler Fumace分-When
circular furnaces of fireboxes of vertical boilers are not
connected to the shell crown by uptake 柏树， smoke
tubes or bolt stays and 也.e whole load on 也.e firebox
.,...
lndian Boiler Regl.l Iations
217
vertically is bome by 出.e bottom part of 位le firebox
whEl re it is connected to the shell the working pressure
for 吐le part, if firebox is joggled out to meet the shell or
证 any ogee ring is fitted , shaU no t- exceed that fo山ld by
出e following formula :
C (t 叩 1)2
W.P.=
Eqn. (XII/31)
D (D- D)
where ,
W.P. ìs working 严部部re in pounds p就叫uare inch,
t is 也ickness of 泣le joggled 如ebox plate or ogee
主妇gu飞出ìrty seconds of an 抽出，
D is inside diameter of the boiler shell in inch碍，
D1 is outside diameter of the joggled 乒rebox at the
commencement of curvature above joggled part
or the outside diameter of the firebox where it
joins the ogee ting,
C = 140 for Ogee rings (see Figures XII/26 and XII/
27).
597. Foundations òf Loco-Type Boiler FireboxesWhere 出ef出box roof in loco-守pe boilers Ìs not stayed
di:r气ect 抬出eexte口lal casing crown or to girders carried
by 和ecas坦g or if not cor攻飞机ted 始在e casing by slings
也.e workmg pressure for the parts, if pl的es arejog窑led
out to meet 泣le casing or if an ogee rin吝 is fitted , shall
not exceed that found by the following formula :
W.P. = 70
(L x W - A) (W _iW1) and so used 始军qu挝ion XII/32 in
determinmg the workmg pressure for the parts. "A"
being the are.a in square inches of the part of roof
supported by the casing crown.
W.P.=
725
(t-1)2
X
一5
一
(L + 24)
(XII/33)
Eqn. (XII/34)\
where,
W.P. is working pressure in pounds per square
inch,
t is thickness of 出.e uptake in thirty seconds
of an inch,
D is external diameter in inches,
L is length of 出e uptake in inches, m栩栩red
between the circumferential se恕我s.
Innoca提 shall 和e 创.ckness
of an uptake 栩如 be less
位an3 月 inch.
599. Cross Tubes- Intemal diameter of cross tubes
shall not exceed 12 加ches. The working pressure of the
tubes shal1 be determined by the following formula :
W.P.=
num
白­
Where only d comparatively narrow strip of the firebox
roof is stayed directly to the casing crown the area so
stayed shall be 出ducted from 也.e area represented by
L x W in the bottom 垃le of the formu1a校\us:
芜qn.
When an intemal 迦\er is fi役ed extending below
the low water level:
、‘.，，
where ,
is working pressure in pounds per square inch,
is thickness of the joggled firebox side plates of
fire hole plate (whichever is less) 'or 0伊e ring'in
和irty seconds of an inch，飞
is length of firebox casing in inches measured
between 注le water sides of front end pla忧郁ld
saddle plate at the foundation seam,
is width firebox casing in inches measured
between 注le water side of casing side plates at
社le foundation seam,
is width of firebox in inches meas:ured between
the water sides of firebox side plates at the
commencement of curvature above joggled part
of where it joins the ogee ring.
fit怯d:
- 2)
呻J 】
W1
Eqn. (XII/32)
{挂)
。一D
W
1
1∞ (t
WPeZD
叫Jhm
L
L+W(W 四 W )
(i) When an intemalliner is not
nU 四
W.P.
t
(t - 1) x (L + W)
598. Uptakes of vertical boilers-…. The workmg pressure
for uptake tubes of vertical boi1ers shall be determined
by the following formula :
Eqn. (XII/35)
wh础e，
t is thic如less 加位ùrty seconds of an inch of
the cro部 tube，
D is 如te红浪1 diameter in inches of 在e cross
tube.
In no case shall be 出ickness of a cross tube be less than
5/16 inch.
600. Pads Welded to Shell or the Attachment of
Flanged Mountings…The size of outer peripheral fillet
welds by which circular pads are attached to shell
plates shal1 be determined by the following formula
XII/36, but shal1如 no case be le部位an the inner welds
or nor less than 出e minimum specified for plate
役吆c垃lesS ÎI\ Table XII/3 :
Lo 拮
D
Eqn. (XII/36)
where,
Lo is size of fillet weld around outer periphery of
pa<L ÎI\ inches,
218
Indian Boiler Regulations
It总栩如向t 如 the 脱担st of saf，即 that 血eboilerbe
L 1 is sìze fillet weld around ìnner periphery of pad,
in inches ,
properìy vented , so as to prevent the formation of a让
pocketsf befo指出e test pressure as applied.
A is cross-sectional area of opening in shell (based
on mini.muII飞出ickness in square inches see
Regu1ation 571),
Notes:
1. It is recox;nmend苦d that the temperature of the water
Do is outer diameter of pad, in inches,
should nbt be le部队an 7"<: during the hydraulic test.
2. It is further recommended that before the boiler is
approached Íor dose examin然ion， the pressur曹 shall
bereduced tonotlessthan 1.1 总mes 也edesign pressure
andnotmore 位'lanO.9tim阳 the hydraulic testpressure.
3. on completion of hydraulic t回t， rel栩栩 of pressure
shall be gradual.
4. Deflectionof different pressureparts shall be
examined carefully and there shall not be any
permane抵制 after release of pressure.
D1 is ìnner diameter of pad, in inch臼·
601. Hydraulic and Hammer Tests :
(a) (i)
Clas在 1 Boilers: Each Class 1 Boi1er shall, on
completion of a11 welding and/or repa泊 and
after heat-trea袖也拙， be subjected to a hydraulic
test of 1.5 悦mes the design pressure without any
indication of weakness or.defect.
(ii) Class II and Class III Boilers: Each Class
Class
III 吾oi1ers
shall be tested to a
n and
(c) If any repairs are found to be necessary during or
hydraulic pressure 惚仗，在e ， boiler
pre部ure
subsequent 抽出e
→一一-twice血e.desígn..pressure. …川…-----~
shaU.aga如 be-subjected-to甘恕 pressure' 怡st -spec出.ed …
above after completion of the repairs and
heat treatmen t.
(b) (i) The Test shall be wi拍essed by the Inspecting
Author全ty or Inspecting Officer.
{均在\e test pressure shall be maintained for a
not
less 出an30 貌出\utes.
S忘AMS
C
IN END PLATES
T2
T2
L 黯 8(飞-T 1 )
BUT
WHERE(τ.2-Tl)
NO'τLESS 四AN 阴阳，
FIG. XIII1
GOUGED OUT BEFORE APPLYING
W黯也o
OOES NOT EXCEED 1/8 IN.
芽IG. XIII2
FROM SECOND SIDE
-z-a同
T。
\阳·帽、树
FIG. XII13
FIG. XIII4
any
Note: Observations and remarks of Inspecting Officer I
Insp苦苦挝ng Authority should be recorded for filming
withm毒ker's papers.
period
CROSS
a伐er
FIG. XIII5
FIG. XIII6
219
lndian Boiler Regulations
?飞中
T,
协
τcd
FIG. 汩的 1- FLANGED FLAT END PLATES END
PLATES TO SHELL (SHELL THICKEK THAN ENDS)
?飞+一
Fl G. XIII7
Ts
,
,, ,
,,
2 TE
2"MIN.
-
飞
ηi! REOUα10N lN将配XNESS
愣相 EFLANCEO 四IRno登峰 OP
ηi!嚣挝 D 民ATEMAY 草草 MAOE
ON 嚣口税茸茸 INSIOEOROU我提 OE
of'岱iE ENOFLAT军
问
FlG. XIV11 … FLATEND
NL 嚣吁叩阳阳 L邸
FlG. 黯V8 … FLANGED
END PLATES ENDS THICKER
THANSHELL
(a) Shell to end p1a1e 事 ea瓢5
Rev er事e side fillet weld may 悦
。因梅dwb豁出 e 必回归 ou淄de
diame协 risl部事撞撞nl 叙lO mm.
{扮 Furn 矗 ce to end plat. and
reversaJ. chamber tube plale
Tbe rev叙事e side fillet
锦 ams.
weldmaybe 创业 tedwbtn 加
仇llNlce is less 段准n 究始瓢m.
阳饭主dedi部辑刷 rand the 能am l8严。栅始dbyarefr秘辛ory 险密警
ror
revene 8ide 拟let wel翻 ared主r: ta伽dby
No将叩窍碍 above requlr银白ents
C创'llidera tion of acc能由且ity forweldlng butwhenever il is generally
pra磁ωIble to ln8键1 a fillel w暗 ld of 阶\e re哇创siteψalìty for 伽草
CIKUmS棚蝇 d 阳翩然醋'部份\e weld sho植 ld 加放阳 ted. lt is
preferab1e to "创np 1e始孰 e 黯llet weld before weldlng from 位\eo出er
lide whenever il is prac tir:llb1e to do 50.
FlG. XIV12A
FlG. XW9 - FLANGED END PLAT 黯S 院NDSTHICKER
THANSHELL
由「
T.
-1....
2飞
E
如-T ...!
目 G.
L 翻町飞 -T.) 鼠汀 NOTLESS 在fAN l~"
DIFFE黯 NCE (T.懈 T.)NOTTO 职CEED
20 部提C黯.rr OF τ，
XW1 0 - FLANGED FLAT END PLATES
OF MIN. ANGLE 段iOULOA篇ìQCIATEO WlTH MAX.
RAOruS OP 3/8 IN. CONVERSELYηiE 沁f.AX. ANGLE SHOULO
BEA~汇到:::IATEDWITH 视 N. RADlUS R OF 3/16 1抵
FlG. XI V13 - ATTACHMENT OF FLUES TO
END PLATE8-DISHED OR FLAT
τ警组 USE
•
220
Indian Boiler Regulations
-,
、
1
1
1
1
FIG. XI V1 7
TF
FIG. XI V1 4
FIG. XIV1 8
、
1
1
1
1
1/8"
1/8"
斗于
产在西i. fORMOL
ATIAO创ENT
SHALL BE USED
ONLY WHEN THE
CROWN PLATE 15
FULLY SUPPORTED
BYSTAYS
,
FIG. XI V1 9
FIG. XIII20
A1TACHEMENT OF END PLATES TO COMBUSTION
CHAMBER ENDS OR FIREBOX WRAPPER PLATES
L
2.
白\e
plate edgeradius of not less than e/2 is only r吨uired
when fumace end is expo臼d to a f1 ame or comparably
high temperature, e.g., at the entry to the reversal chamber.
The front end of t~e fumace can protrude beyond the
weld provided that the protrusion and the weld area are
adequately insulated to prevent overheating. AII
dimensions are in millimeters. Attachment of fumace to
end plate or reversal chamber.
FIG. XI V1 6A
嘈
Note 1.
••
1/
∞
J
帽
ASSS 由gg-vgSEaESSagsgsgE 望， d
TF
FIG. XI V1 6 - FLUE CONNECTIONS TO END-PLATES
(DISHED OR FLAT)
PD
Solidfuel
r- firing on a
r-- 一 fgluraidtesoerd
i
V
/
「甲·
bed
/
γ
firing
旷
L
10∞
..L
vOoerirlpissueuld- r- 「一
coal
firing
r- r-
t主
/
i
L
K
i
/
L
5∞
L
t
。
5
10
Net heat input (MW)
FIG. XII120A - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FURNACE
D1 AMETER AND PERMISSIBLE HEAT INPUT
221
lndian Boiler Regulations
SHELL
REAR
TUBE
PLATE
Fumace
Reversal Chamber
Wrapper Plate
FIG. XI V20F - SEMI-WET BACK BOILER
FIG. XIV20B -
FURNACE
REVERSE FIRED BOILER
τ's=l 1h T 如1AX
REARτUBEPLATE
LEGLENGl苦iOFFILLET
4飞 MAX
WELDS TO BE NOT LESS
τ曰AN 1h'雹 (13mm)
FURNACE
FIG. XI V20C -
DRY BACK BOILER
FIG. XIV21 … PLAIN BAR
丁4
WETBACKREV蓝RSAL
CHAMBER WRAPPER PLATE
FIG. XIV20D -
WET BACK BOILER
FIG. XIV22 - BULB BAR
STIFFENERS FOR HORIZONTAL FLUES
51h IN.
队.unaατ'ube
NOTE: 民ADIANT
Wrapper Plate
HEATING SURFACE
COMPRI班SFU反NAC克
TUBEANDW汉APPERPLA'τE
FIG. XIV20E … SEMI WET BACK BOILER
71h IN. - - - - - ' " - - - - - - j
WELDPREPA汉ATIONS MA Y BE MADE FROM
ETI丑ER THE INSIDE OR OUτ'SIDE OF THE PLATE
ATl我E OPTION OF THE MANUFACτU民主R
FIG. XIV23 -
BOWLING HOOP
lnd忽n
222
卜一-
Boiler Regu栩栩S
L
τ苦fiCKENED
U-.汉阳G
WELDP议应PA汉A刀ON
MAY BE MADE FROM
ASHPIT
FIG. XIV28
EITI现R 1HEINSID忘 OR OU1SIDE OF τHEPLATE
ATl苦也 OPTION OF 1HE MANUFACTURER.
\
FIG. XlU24 … BOWLING HOOP
:-Z:..L
~~IN:..\
FIG. XIV29 … FOUNDATION RINGS
W=T - 1/8 IN.
BUτNOTLE部 τHAN*IN
FIG.XIV2翠… DETAILFLU军 JOINT
3116IN.
FURt唱ACE
军飞JRNACE
PERMITTED ONLYON LOCo-TYPE BOILERS WI1H FULLY 印机
PORTEDFIRE 即XSHO叭刑 INFIG. 则 /78
τHEUSEOF MlN. ANGLESHOULDBEA驳;QCIATED WI1H MAX.
RADlUS R OF3/8IN. CONVERSELY. TIIE MAX.ANGLESHOULD
BEASSC汇IATED WI1H MIN. RADruS R. OF 3 /1 6 IN.
FIG. XII130 T宦tt TAtE HOLES
- 3/81N.9AT
CASTl NG
AP~X.4FT.APART
自 UT
2"
FOUNDATION 阳NGS
PLAτ'E
NOT tESS THAN
3 日OLES
ASHPπ
ASHPIT
黯勘ß1T主D
ONLYON LOCO-TYP在船ILE黯WlTIi FULLY
SUPPORTEDF双军法)XSH。认IN
FIG. XlU26
安IG.
XIV27
IN
flG. 郑11纯
FIG. XII131 - FOUNDATION RINGS
223
Indian Bailer Regulatian革
COMPENSATING RING MAYBE
SHELLPLATE
mπEDONEIτHERI削ID惹 OR
OtrrSIDEτOSU汀
FIG. XIII 32 -
FIREHOLE MOUTH PIECE
.…
FURNACE PLA TE
FIG. XIII36 - THROAT PIECE
SEALING
TOP HALP
WELDFROMFI裂主SID在 WITH
RUN 剖SID萃， ROUND
WELDF渎。Mτ到15
SIDEW红白 SEAUNG
RUN INSIDE ROUND
TOPHALP
比 AVERAGE
PITCH OF STAYS
(MAXIMUM)
FIG. XIII拮… FIREHOLE MOUTHPIECE
WELD FROM INSIDE FLUEPIPE WIηiSEAUNG
RUNONOU骂ID军 AS FAR ROUND AS PC四IBLE
CONNECTION B町WEEN FLAT PLATES TO
FORM FIREHOLE AND ACCESS OPENINGS
FIG. XIII37
COMBUSTION CHAMBER PLATE
---幡--楠--…--.…四……稠-----唰---‘…·糊-幡--蝙·制---钢_.幡…-----BACI< HEAD
PLATE
ACCESSOPENING FOR WET-BAC I< BOILERS
FIG. XIII35 -
WELDING OF FLUE PIPES
FIG. XIII38
224
lndian BoiIer Regulations
O.350WITHA
噜
。
事1!5
沁UN.OF5/1岳 IN.
•••
HOL应
T --t' 仲吟 0.250
FlG. XIV39 - ATIACHMENT OF Fl REBOX AND
COMBUSTION CHAMBER STAYS
RAO
01
FlG. 沼V42 一 ATIACHMENT
嚣
1.250
OF BAR STAYS
3/8IN.<
Fl G. xm铺… ATIACHMENT OFFIREBOX AND
COMBUSTION CHAMBER STAYS
1/16IN.
O.350 Wll到 A
MIN. OF 5/1 6 IN.
3.50
3/16 IN. DIA. HOLE
3/1 6IN
OIA.
HOLE
τ
FlG.
XIV矗立一 A1T ACHMENT
OF FlREBOX AND
COMBUSTION CHAMBER STAYS
Tw=2/ 3T
0.35 0 wíth.A min. of 8
FIG. XIV43ω- ATIACHMENT OF BAR STAYS
15
15
1500R5/1岳 IN
WHlCH草VERISτHE
G民运ATER
l.-J
FIG. A
FIG. B
A11 dimensions are in mm
Note:ηlis
type of attachment is
F1 G. XIV41A -
recommend时 for
ATIACHMEN气r
Plain Bar Stay.
OF FIREBOX ANO
REVERSALO王AM黯R
FlG. XIV43制 ...;...A'η'ACHME押r OF BAR STAYS
IndÎQn Boiler Regulat妇ns
225
WHERE Tw IS LESS T民ANO.豁口， τHE F<到MOF
CON但RucnONSHO叭悄悄 (a)SHALLB露 USEO
1/2TwWITHA
MlN. OF 3/8 IN
WHERE Tw 15 LESSτHAN
0.35 0 , THE FORM OF
CONSTRUcnON SHOWN
IN (a) 锻fALL BE USEO
τ~=2/3T
FIG. Xl V44(a) -
0= 1.250
A'γfACHM览NT OF BAR STAYS
FIG. XIV45 (b) -
A宝TACHMENT
OF BAR STAYS
WH应反Eτw 臼 LE部 THAN 0.35
0 THE 只)RM OF CONSTRUCnONSHOWNIN 份) SHALL BE USEO
I /2 Tw WITHA
MIN. OF 3/81N
Tw "2/3T
0 1 =1.250
FIG. XIV46 倍}… ATTACHMENT OF BAR STAYS
Tw = 2/3τ
。1
FIG.
XIV44(b) … ATTACI王MENT
= 1.25 0
OF BAR STAYS
。.150or5/1岳 IN.
WHICH巴VERIS
GR忘ATER
2/3PITCH
OFSTAYS
斗始时
革IlIN.
W础阻 T.. fS LESS 岱认NO.35
D,
THE 泪'RM OF CONSTRUCI10N
SHOWN 剖 (a) SHALL BE USED
τ'w=2/3T
0 1 = 1.250
FIG. XIV45(矗) -
ATTACHMENT OF BAR STAYS
FIG. 汩V46也)-A宫τACHM在NT OFBAR STAYS
lndian Boiler Regu1ations
226
GIRDERS MAY BE
SHAPEDTOEI古妞R 岱也
FULLORDσITEDLIN部
AS 贷:lOWNABOVE
FIG. XIU挝…宝"YPICAL ME"罚去ODSOFm丁ING
WELDEDG黯NDERS TO WELDED COMBUSnON CHAMBERS AND FIRE BOXES
-
J 俑-俐，
崎h…→喃喃唰唰帽嗣回闺--
FIG.
民β00
X.X
WELDP汉EPA队τ10赂 ATX.X
FIG. )(军部主…东USIONW军.LDEDOVAL-MANHOLE FRAME
XIU捕·
FIG. XIUS3
如LLTALEHOL军飞
飞
G照D服 MAY 自嚣 i
CA武汉窍。 OV版 1
往王主翻蹄。'F
叩+
11
~~I
兮海~
COMBUSIlON
。王AM黯巢军
OFFI襄黯极3χ
ALT底赋NA:饥VE 民3织GIf'，在3
MAD翠lN HALV黯A:ND
FUSIONW在LDBD ALONG
、
叮叮呵呵
呵呵那
-titVX
FIG. XIU4.,.
.一-←
~ul
i
FIG. XIUS4
F
〉斗
「
卜
飞
t...l
FIG. XIU49"
G怨DERMAYBE
1
CAR京貌。 OV黯R
1
n毯踹DSOP
1/2H唔.MlN
TM
NOτLESSτHAN3/2IN
'-1
COM鼠JSTIOf峰、、
CHAMB础
i 崛
册 FIRE瞅
i
飞
..
、
TM =7/8TE 如IIN 3/4 IN.
FIG. XIUSO"
·τ"YPICAL MBTHODS OF 霄罚刀唔GWELDEDG浪阴DERSTO
WELDEDCO勘OUSττONO王A报BERSAND 臼REBOXES
卡我叫:
FlG. 沮防军… WELDING
w=叭fIDTH OFOP.军战NG
IND唔CHESM豆A织成ED
ON MINOR AXIS
DETAIL FOR MANHOLE IN
FLAT END PLATE
lnd统n
Boiler Regulations
227
THELASTT苦部EADτ'OBE 巢军MOV在D&:
A 民AD民;军民)RM嚣。 ATTHE ]UCTION
FIG. Xl V51- TYPICAL MILD STE意L DlSTANC就
PIECE FOR MOUNTINGS
FIG. XlVS6
1.
τEN5ILET旅恋TFORSEAM.
2.
IMPACTTE5TOUτ'ER SURFACE OF
PLATE.
2a &: 2b. IMPACτ 汉E习'ESTOUτ'ERSURFACE OF PLATE.
3.
IMPACTT部T INNER 5URFACE OF PLAl瓦
3a &: 3b IMPACτ 汉E偷.TEST INNER SURFACE OF PLATE.
ALTERNATIVE POSITION5 FOR 3, 3a，在b
4.
TEN5ILE TEST FOR ALL品TELD幡METAL.
5.
NORMAL BEND 四ST-Ol月聪 5URFACE IN TEN5ION.
6.
础VE路.EBENDT巨:ST-INNE汉 SU这FACE
7.
MICRO AND MACRO 1军STS
IN TENSION.
FlG. XIVS8 - DETAILS OF TEST PLATES
FOR 协JSPEcrORS MA民KS
nnSPORTION 汉ETAIN嚣。
1.
τ'EN5ILE TEST FOR
5EAM.
IMPACT TEST OUTER
5URFACE OF PLATE.
2a &: 2b. IMPACT RE-四ST
OUτ'ER 5URFACE OF
2.
FOR 民)551反革 RET自将
PLAl毛
3矗
3a&:3b
IMPACT TEST INNER
5U汉FACE OF PLATE.
IMPACτR弘TEST
INNER SURFACE OF
PLAT也
4.
5P窑CIM在N52
5.
&:5
N。这MALBENDT孩盯·
OUT在这 5U民FACEIN
10M.M. W1DE
11 /2 IN. WIDE
1宦NSION.
ee押)D
i
TEN5ILET览ST 贝JRALL
WELD-M宣TAL.
curs NOT MORE τHAN5 M.M.
1..".::: 11
盘今酬l
G> $$φ
L II~~II HI IIH
6
7.
ALTERNATIVE POSITIONS 以)R3. 蚀与协
FIG. XIVS9
REVERSE BENDτ'ESTINNER 5URFACE IN
TENSION.
如ßCRO AND MACRO
TESTS
lndútn Boiler Re伊tlations
228
察在
只泣。蜒
H握
.军悔。然溢ZMυ
自〈￡ az〈 -z
RADIUS1(凡 OFT (THlCKN黯59
i--\ 1-跚跚5黯翩翩唰j 口
~.1 18" m-:l
…「
114m.
一」
A … NO.汉MALB在NDS拥口MENC
。… 刷 一
α
口口
配一那一础
FIG. XlII.槌… REDUCED SECfION TENSILE
SPECIMEN IN A THICK PLATE
s
。… …阴
晴……山川
叮?iL剖
SPECIMENIB
-1
OF THE SPEClMEN)
…?
a巳J --L
p' 与JfJ
OUTER SURPACE 。
NORMALI极ND
l~m .
.....1....-
7S M .M.
叩?一
翩翩翩翩胸-翩翩翩翩
75M.M.
REVE法SEBEND
•--i
工口
←…斗\
1~m.
INNER SURFACE
P
'~.1 r,: m1
.....1....-
cur SINGLE PI草C草 OFPLATE
C 但 SPE口M除-l C
IMM
M.M.RAD
ENLARGEDV黯WOFNOTCH
SPECIMENS (:Z)/AND (3) IMPACf TEST
FIG. XlII6:Z -1Z0D IMPACf TEST PlECES
/
口
•
5.2t
do
•
CO汉NERSROUt司DEDτORADIUS， NOτEXCEEDING
10ρ%SI可BCIMENMOUNτ'ED
FIG. Xl II63 - TENSILE TEST ALL WELD METAL
到 G.
XlIIM
Indian Boiler Regulations
229
i
4. NICK BREAK TEST
琶飞
'a
B旦NDT黯T-OUτ'ER
、毡，，
TEST FOR W军LDEDSEAM
SURFACE OF 宵惚W'ELDINT黯SION.
3. BEND τEST - FOR INNER SU民FAC总
Lτ艺NSILE
2.
o: e
e+2max.
FlG. Xl U65 - DETAILS OF TEST P也AT臼
{·1-1}
LOF
B汉ANCH
e
i -ai
，，‘、
、.，，
ZZZAREA AVAILABLEmc阳阳NSAT10N 创 EACHSIDE
(a+b) NOTCREAT富:RTHAN4"
FIG. XIU66 COMPENSATION FOR BRANCH
(iv)
W瞌 t
FIG.xm的-
+ 1/8IN.
TUBES TO BE LIGHTLY EXPANDED
INTO τHEP比Aτ絮 B雀FORE WELDING
Al1 dimensions are in millimetres
FIG.
XIU67A 蛐-
TYPICAL
ATTACHM也NTOF
PLAINTUB蓝S
Indian
230
B创始， Regulati<仿lS
η喃沁.be 创始sshould
1f the end 01 伽e 钱必e
belightlye筑par晦d
pr吟~tsbey.但也dthe
we泊，加 pr咐ding
to 忍l 队e 如d锢
por娼on， wben
1.5t
Wt
制F帽ed to radiant
heat, should be
remO'ied
d知rwelc呈ing.
军
W时
注Ùl prep部篇幅 onis
pre知rredwhe碍
雄奇由ei革 adan在erol
bum肌事也rougl、
thetubew必
due to its 量翻mess
FlG. XlV68 … TUBES TO BE LlGHTLY 蓝χPANDED
INτo THE PLATE BEFOREWELDING
泪1I 69/A/ 1I
XlI I扮/A/I
e+ 主
贺嗨 ends of 伽e tubes to军事伽帘 with the re肌阳cing 能let welds may 民
remov创 flu必 with 似esurfac窜。t 伽eplate， b以扭曲is 领捕 caremust 被切k剧
毒白白'I8ure 也at 岱践叙'I8ionW 叫嚣in.ism必ntained.
η晦 tu加制畸sshould
If the end 01
创i 岳飞ehol.幌
wheßex瞅隅ãtô radiani
h创:.1郎ôuld 协 Z臼noved
Wt
{i ‘,,
the 沁be
U骂战$2351百r
b的增飞越y 回par略edω
必始rwelding.
300_
黯/ωn
、莓，，
'a‘、
ii
T彼:Ie wal1血脉neìs t> S mm (1/8 inch.)
WeId必zeW> tbut 2:, 5mm (S/1导 inch.) 币1摩 min阳.umdistanω
汩棚eentube串串 2.5 t or 9 mm (5 /1 6 inch.) which ev，衍 is 栩晶er.
It r拙yben成幽sary tod勾刷it the weld in twQ runs to ensure
矗峭，t joint if 仰。伊始ting ∞ndi岳。础 are ∞ero憾·
FIG.
XlV.的
阳嗣
c。如岛街NCE.
11
勘纽NTOF
CURVATU汉E
乒…一 B邸ATHII岖
W
SPACE
FLATPLATE
MA议:;]N
VARlOUS METHO出 OFATTAO部.tENT O苦
军ND PLATES TO SH蓝LL AND FURNACE
ADdimen疏忽嗡缸窜
inm泌黯剿草莓
(iv)
归G.XII必8A… TYPICALA'γrACI王MENT OFSTAYTUBES
但G.
XI1I70 - TYPICAL AR民ANGEMENT OF END
PLATES ON LANCASI型IRE BOILERS
jsaE 霞在 gaw:"Eh28Ea
晕。也罢官M』
H坠
主§百篇
uo-§
m 喃喃斜阳布告H
忍
苟
明，
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dggup
间h
wd.2
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量俗易苍白嘉豆革繁星写在每磊主
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SC 黠喜民
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崎恙恕"司
法
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程。
Mt
R
i;
233
IndÚl n Boiler Rl伊栩栩草
x
LI
飞
SEC1l0N AA
'V'NOTLE部 τHAN 60"
ALL WELDED GU部盯 STAY
FlG.
FIG. A.
XW81 一 TYPICAL
DETAILS FOR ALL WEI二DE。
GUSSETSTAY
TN
E建G.B.
施NIMUM WELD 1HIαNESSWHB阳 PLAl宫附仪N臼叫 IS
L邸1HAN l.S 飞
~匀'NOTLESSτHAN
6()0
WELDEDANDP剧NED.GU部盯 STAY
NOTE: 在IE TYPES 剖 'A'
AND 'B' ARE ONLY
PERMITI嘘。
wl也院在西 ELECTROD黯 AND 四，CHNIQUE
TO BE
U槌DHAVEBE阳蜂王OWNBYS柑'ARA指LYPR应PARED
持平
TPSτSPECIMENS
TO GIVE FULL PENETRAτ10N WI1贺
SOUNDW黯LDMETALTI瓷缸IOTOP 亚也 GROOVES.
组CTIC部部
韵G.XW提一 TYPICALD盯AILS
FOR WELDED
AND PINNED GUSS宫rSTAY
民G. XI晦毒… MINIMUM
WELD A'γrACHMENT FOR
STAND.PlPES UP TO AND INCLUDING 51N. BORE
NOTREQUI汉ING COMPENSATING PLATES
NBT CItOSS
SICTI。
NALAR融 T警部OOOH
PINHOL嚣1O BENOT
U!SS THANM剖勘民JM
FlG. XIII83 -TYPICALDETAILSFORDIAGONALSTAYS
(CHA黯 L岱ÆSINDICAT部 STAY WlTH MUL在PLELn峨到
FIG噩 XII/85 位}
运且二
J
ZOSH叶以$5
g自
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FH幡阳帽部段
022
S
皇皇皇军
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mHM
舅舅
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P-MSMBS
『主$3白。自由『需哇』旦民
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嚣PMW
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这 zgczzso
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切自盼到〉
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zo·出 $8lω
N
E
@:EMMS
235
lndían Boiler ReguÚl tions
TN
Tc
Consider硝∞ maybe
to this detaU as
the required
FlG.A
d泣阴阳ions
NOTE:
在.. 10 如银N.
L 徽e3 BtJr NOTL在路 THAN6
ALLD阳在NSION
ARE IN MILUME11法S
FIG. XIV8SF. SET IN BRANCHES W盯在 ADDED
COMPENSATION IUNGS
FlG. B
FIG. XlV88 - MINIMUM WELD A1TACHM军NTS 萝OR
STAND.PIP藏S UPTO AND INCLUDING 5" BORE
R雾QUIRING COMPENSATlON PLATES
WELD A1TACHMENT FOR
STAND PIPES OVER 51N. BORE REQUIRING
COMPENSATlON PLATES
FIG. 泪脆6 … MINIMUM
100 MAX
、
T榷
m+一
ALLOWANC嚣 TOBE.MADE
FORP的AUI队CH削昏暗
AFr阻 WELD剧G
n混 PLANGE 部IALL'NOf
岱也 MA组MUM
BE A nCHT m ON TOη王EPIPE.
CLEARANCE BE1W忘剧 η耀自O魁 OF η妞
盹ANC应 AND 岱嚣。白宫扭曲 D1AMETE.R OFη辍即'ESHALL
B怠 1局的. AT ANY POINT ANDl回 SUMOPη部 CL队RANC嚣
FIG. X1VS7 - MINIMUM WELD A1TACHMENt‘民陈
STAND PIPES OVER 51N. BORE REQUlRlNG
COMPENSATlON PLATES
。'!AME'四R1CALLY OPP<茄π'E
SHALL Nor EXCEED 3月 6 剖.
FIG. XlV棉一 WELDED ON GLANGE
Indian Boiler Regulatii倒S
236
回应 TYPE 础。队时 IN
FIG
四ICKNE部黯XCEEDS%
XIII坦 TOB览 U锦DWHENSHELL
IN.
FlG. XlII92
Fig. A
Nατ1总部
η认N
STUD DIA..&
'--=…
如ctionatX
…「
g
(矗)Un吨uaJbranch
→十←Fig. -B幽
FIG. XI胁。一 PADS WELDED ON FOR STUDS
THE
TYP意 SHOWIN
IN FlG XII/91 SHALLL NOT BE USED
SHELL EXCEEDS :W IN.
W}如REτ到ICKN富SSOFηiE
FIG. XlII91
FlG. XlII93 …TYPICAL PREPARATlON AND
ASSEMBLY OF SET ON Rl GHT ANGLE
BRANCHESWπHOUT BACKING
F
…W
范 WMM
• - C
翻黯e 德 1串户
13.9
11.1
1蛊矗
17矗
万 22.1
12.5
13.8
15.2
16.5
2U
17;啻
1曹.曹
FIG.A-FOX τYPE PURNACES (115 CORRUGATION AND 30 MM DEPTH)
I.C
'"UHHU
nnnnn
111m'衷 10'
_, .
F
_'.10'
31.9
35.7
17.9
3曹晶
19.矗
u6
.,...
21.4
lt.2嚣
52.1
15后悦，矗
16.2墨垂1.2
17忽
毒品e
ALLDIM部SIONSA巢军 INMIWMETE黯
18.2革
E苦旅
71.0
事6.2
貌级
事1.6
2U5'
87.3
FIG. B - FOX 1YPE PU浪NACES(1部 MMCORRUGA'τIONAND 掬 MM DEPTH)
AND CROSS SECTlONAL AREA F (Cçntd.)....
刊G. XIV'钝 -SECONDMOM翠NTSO曹 AREA
10'
I晶.1
23. 1
24.9
拢，毒
21.4
3o.t
31.喜
33.6
35.3
37.1
237
Indian Boiler Regulations
e-C
F
mm' x 10'
篇回‘骂 1 0'
誓.25
1在品5
37.7
11.25
12.25
13.25
14.25
46.8
51.5
56.3
1呈25
16.25
17.25
18.25
FIG. C - FOX TYPE FURNACES (150 MM
CORRUGA'在ON AND 41 MM DEPTH)
16.5
18.3
20.1
21.9
23.6
毒2.2
主革@
品1 .3
毒品囔
I凯25
71.8
77‘ S
83.0
88.9
20.25
21.25
苦5.0
101.毒
27.2
29.0
30.8
32.6
34.3
36.1
37:曹
e-C
9.25
目G.D … MORR览。NTYPE 凯JRNAC军S (21
∞ MM
CORRUGATION AND 38 MM DEPTH)
F
mm' 双 10'
mm'" 10'
20.2
22.4
3串晶
1阻挡
43.2
11.25
12. 25
13.25
14.25
15.25
16.25
17.25
18.25
、 47.8
24.矗
52.6
57.5
纱.0
19挡
2费.25
90.6
96.8
21总
1∞3
37.8
40.0
42.1
44.3
46.5
mm'" 10'
mm'" 10'
主基S
31.2
33.4
62 岳
67.8
73.2
78.8
35φ6
84.岳
e-C
9.25
10.25
11.25
12.25
13.2革
14必
15.25
16彷
FIG. 军一 MORRISON TYPE FURNAC囚。∞ MM
CO民RUGA'丁ION AND 41 MM DEPTH)
17.25
18.25
19.25
却 25
21.25
F
45.6
20.5
22.7
25.0
27.2
29.4
约.9
哥哥.3
毒1.8
67.5
73.3
79.3
31晶
33.8
36.1
38.3
40.5
42.7
44.9
事5.5
91 晶
98.唾
105.2
112.2
119.5
47.主
e-C
缸 25
10.25
11.25
12. 25
13.25
H.25
15.25
16.25
17.必
FIG. F … FOX TYPE FURNACES (150 MM
CORRUGATION AND 50 MM DEPTH)
18.25
19.25
主0.25
主1.在5
F
mm'" 10'
mm等 "1伊
35.岳
16.矗
37.7
39.6
41.2
• 42.7
44.1
45.3
46.4
47.4
48.3
49 .2
50.1
51.0
18.0
19.6
21.2
22.8
24.毒
25.啻
27.4
也9
30.4
31.9
33.3
饵，串
e- C
事'.2革
10.25
11.25
12.25
13.25
14.25
15.25
FIG. G - FOX TYPE FURNACES (21∞ MM
CORRUGATION AND 75 MM DEPTH).
ALLDIM在NSIONS
ARE lN MlLl必信TERS
F
mm'" 10'
113298阳49
147.7
155.9
23.3
主5.7
军罄阜
1垂3.5
主0.4
施暴
170.5
177.0
34.9
37.1
1ι25
1ω.0
17.25
l8.25
188.5
E誓.25
198.4
202.8
206.9
20.25
21.25
辄晕
mm'" 10'
195.晶
罩"
41 .5
43.7
45.8
48.0
剿，。
FIG. XlII9毒- SECOND MOMENTS OF AREA ANP CROSS SECTlONAL AREA F (ωncluded)
lndian Boiler Regulations
238
L
e-C
tnm'" 10'
82
民38 -1....
必ω R.381
\平卫
啻.25
1;曹
10.25
11.25
12.25
13.25
14.25
15.25
16.25
17.25
18.25
19.25
20.25
21.25
2.11
2.32
2.53
2.74
2.96
3.18
3.40
3.62
3.85
4.08
4.31
4.55
140
FIG.A
飞泸 ~---"晴--世
--矗~--恤，惜剿..-..~
e-C
mm‘ "10'
R.44 -l
I
f
11
飞
9.25
10.25
11.25
12.25
13.25
14.25
15.25
16.25
17.25
18.25
19.25
20.25
21.25
J- R.44 167
1.3
1.44
1.59
1.74
1.90
2.04
2.2
2.36
2.52
2.68
2.84
3.01
3.18
FIG. B
L
e-C
mm')(I O"
9.25
10.25
11.25
12.25
13怒
ω\
才=\ . ~
工二
w ~ e -c butnot le辅 than 13
FIG.C
ALL
DIMENSlm唱5
ARE IN
MILLlM寂fE鼠S
FIG. XIU95
1.1磕
1.28
1.41
1.55
1.7
14.2革
1.8岳
15.25
16.25
17.25
18.25
19.25
20.25
21.25
2.04
2.22
2.41
2.6
2.8
3.01
3.22
239
Indian Boiler Regulations
APPENDIXA
(MODIF1ED) 0盯:AILS l-p INCLU5IVE A阻
5UITABLE FOR MANUAL cWELDING AND NORMAL AUTOMAτlC WELDING WHERE 1HE
AUTOMA刀C DEEPP读NETRATIONτECHNIQUE 15 EMPLOY览。'， 50MB MODIFICAηONMAY
黯COMMEtjDED FQ勘.fS OFW也DP胆P础ATION
盹 NECE部ARY
SINGLE J BlJIT WELD
WELDDEτAlL
WELDING
布ßCI<NESS
GAP
ANGLE
民ADlUS
民万mON
T
G
α。
r
ROOT
FACER
IN.
剧.
加.
时.
OVERlh
t如:18
3/163/8
1116118
WELD孙lG
τHICKN双边
民)sπ10N
T
GAP
G
IN.
IN.
OVER
1
0-18
回国民 民AL附
F跳OM 阪)TH
领DFSOR
10".
U
m DOUBLEJ BlJIT WELD
WELDDETAlL
WELDED
E阪)M 弱。rH
51防部
nS剧GLE
唱岳
以35AπLILONS
WELD军D
SIDFSOR
ONESIDE
ONLY
及ADIUS
辑。
r
IFACE 反
民
的.
10"-
3/16μ
2íI'
3/8
1/161/8
BEVEL BlJIT WELD
WELDDETAlL
FROM 阪)1苦苦
ROOT
ANGLE
同居
WELD恐.JG
n这CI<NESS
GAP
ANGLE
民)s町lON
Y
G
蠕。
民
11'喝.
主116-3月
118-8/16
ALL
POSmONS
ROOT
FACER
黯.
45".
0-1116
筑F
OV疏R
3/16-
很队
3/8
5/16
法F
WELDING
τ'HICI<NESS
GAP
ANGLE
民OOT
民药mON
T
G
螺。
FACER
IN.
别.
。.VERlh
主116511岳
0-1/16
I
p DOUBLE BEVEL BlJIT W矶。
WELDDETAlL
W乱。!ED
FROM B<刀苦苦
SIDFS
国合
ALL
只万moNS
剖.
必执黑F
。1 /1岳
THE USE OF MIN. GAP AND MN. ANGLE SHOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE MAX.
RADIUS OF 3/8 1N. CONVERSELY THE MAX. GAP AND MAX. ANGLE SHOULD BE
ASSOCIATED WITH THE 挝IN. RADIUS r OF 3/16 的.
挠。
Indian 勘胁rR愣'u刷刷S
CHAPTER 泪11
QUALIFlCATION T军STSF。这 WELDERS
IN WELDING OF BOIL案RSAND
主NGAG主D
STEAM.PIP主SU挺D嚣RCONSτ'RUCTION，
EREC口ON
AND FABRlCATIO挝 ATsn古 IN
INDIA AND IN REPAIRING BOILERS AND
STEAM.PIP院SBYWELDING
创2. Scope- These regu1ations sha)l apply to testing of
weldersengaged in.the manufacture å.nd site welding
connected wi血 er配tion and fabrication and repair of
bo挂ers and steam-pipes of ferrous ma惚ria1.
603.
Def始ition- In出s
pe黯愣1
chapter ",Welder"meansa
engaged in manua1 welding 始部 or elec忧ic).
倒也 Engaging of Certified Welders… Nowelde.主运lall
be 础.gaged ∞ welding of boilers or 翻翻1嗣pipesunder
C瑞丽位uction，
(b) Re.va1idation of Certificate…百\e c挝咄咄协 may
beext，叙喝础 from 位neto 位meforap甜。dnot 咄咄叫放慧
twenty-four mon也s at a 注me on cOJlY)!etio貌。，f a
φre哇ua1ifica馁。n of test (see Re事过atioí川610) 始 /)th怠
sa始sfaction of the C假，pe始nt Authori号。In c时加
welder is employed in another S怯铃声也e 位meof
revalidation of a certificate, he may appear for a
requa1迁ic硝∞ test before the Compet创tAu出ority of
仕\at State for ext，创略，ion of his certificate.
(c)
Notwi队stand拙.gany白如gcon削hed ind阳蜘s
and (b) above, a weld目 shallappe臼 forareψa1ification
test ∞'nsequent upon any of the following ωnditiOJ;1S，
name1y:
(i) An omis必∞ of ba面ng s回P in arc weldi吨
S始事le we1ded butt joint or 由.e addition of 位黯
backing s放全P in gas welding.
(ü) A change in class of elec泣。de(C础知。只破 A廷。y
到相号，
erection .or fabrication at site orin 出e
rep础。.f boilers orsteam唰'pipeSí~创shep臼sess臼 a
但i)Achan~伊拉thella盟-IIleta1 j协í be.welded.
certificate 甜 required under 出e Re制lations hereina如r
。v)
contained.
605. Initial Qualification Test and ISsue of
Certifica恰… Every welder sha1l.be duly 恒sted and
qualified 抽出e satisfaction of 趴eCompe阳性 Au也ority
who 由a1l 栩栩 his performan佣 for 喂榻岛市ingfor 岳飞e
ce撒在cate.
The Competent
Au啦。rity may，也经reafter，
梅uea 岱磁ficate in 也eFormX黯 indica出g 维也 d部S
and 守pe
of welding in which he h黯喽疏远街d.
6OSA. Issue of Duplîcate Certificate…前In c部e of
loss of a certifica能 issued to a welder in Form XIII a
duplicate cer甜.cate may be issued by 出e Competent
Authority who issued the original cer位ficate provided
that 白.e Competent Authority is satis自.ed with the
伊luineness of 由.eca盹
{运)
Fee for issue of dup1icate
ce川出.cate
sha11 be
Rs.25.∞
巍地玩。duction
of C毒撼fica协叩霄毒e holder of such
be bound to produce it when ca1led
upon to do by the Inspec位\g Au也ority，坠spec由19
ce必fic挝e 也a1l
om出ror Ins严ctor， as 血.ec描G 双\aybe.
ω7.
(a) Validity of Certificate… Ace副班创始 issued 怡
a welder under 也e阻 regu1ations shall remain valid for
a m.a:ximum period of twenty-four mon也s from the
date of issue, provided that the holder thereof has,
subsequent 抽出e test, been employed wi白 reasonable
continuity ∞也.edassand 吵pe of work for which he is
qualified.
(a)
If du巾鸣曲e preceding 由ree mOI由s or more
也e welder has not been engaged in welding of
the 吵pe ~rcl础s for whichhe is qualliied.
(v) If there i导 some specific reason to ques悦。n 白e
welder' 5tab也.ty.
(vi) A change from one w~lding process to any 0由!!r
process.
机i) A change from directcurrent to altema位咯
current, and vice versa.
?峰就e: However, a welde}' qualified for 革钞pe 辜负d
proc，酬。f higher grade of s栅lcan be 辑 llowed
to weld the lower grade of st幌t
Age and experience- A candida始 whowishes 始
for.a certificate under 阳部 Regl且lations sha1l
not be less than eighteen years of age and sha1l have
undergone a regular apprentièeship of two years 恤
Industrial Training Institutes or an industrial
organisation followed by at least one year re阴lar 0卧
job experience as a welder in a Workshop 01. indus位y.
6倒.
伊alliy
咆09. T辅ts
Qualification of a welder-翩翩
A weld盯 sha11 be
re哇啦red 始拟将，werque撼。nson 也.e following su均创始，
ora1ly or othen年始争吵
1. El斜拉ic Welder-…
(i) Weld p距para忌。n
(均Elementary knowledge of the wor.恼\g of
welding equipment.
(A)
for
Ini拔al
Theoretical 嚣鸡血ination-
welded test piece for the examination of welders
shal1 be stamped with an identification mark on eithet:'
"Not船… Every
sideof 也.eweld.
Indìan Boiler RegullltioJl s
241
(iii) Properties of material to be welded- cold
and hot working, thermal conductivity,
fusion point, oxidation (for welders
engaged in alloy steel welding) ‘
(iv) Elementary knowledge of electro-technical
principles,-kinds of current, striking arc
voltage, welding-arc voltage.
(v) Welding defects and their preventioninfluence of length of electric arc, effects of
excessive or too low amperage, slag
indusio础， porosìty finishing the. surface
of welding bead.
(vi) Ele础。des for different types of welds
steels and jo讪ts in different positions.
(2) Horízqntal Posìtion XII /7一
Plate in a vertical plane with
the axis of the weld horizontal.
(3) Vertical Position XII/8一- Plate
in a vertical plan with the weld
metal deposited from underneath.
Qualification in position XlII/7
or XIII/8 shall qualify also for
positions XIII/6, XIII /7 and
XIII/8 also.
æ?d
2. Gas Welder.一
(i) 飞I\Teld
(1) Flat positiα"1 XIII/ 6- Plate in a /
horizontal plan想 with the weld
metal deposited from above.
preparation.
of welding equipment.
(iii) Elementary knowledge of properties of
materials to be wεlded一叫cold and hot
working, thermal conductivity, fusion
point , oxidation (for welders engaged in
alloy steel welding).
(iv) Elementary knowledge of fuel gas and
flame adjustments for favourable welding
condition.
(ii) 哨。rking
(v) Kinds of welds, welding defects and their
prevention, welding technique (right-ward
and left-ward), welding with two torces
on vertical surface , excess /of gas or
oxidation, preheating of base material and
subsequcnt heat treatn飞ent.
(vi) Filler metals.
(ii) One fillet welded joint over a length
of 381mm. (15 inches) using plates of
less than 16 mm. (5 月 inches) in
the following positions:一
川ot
(1) Flat PO剑拔on xm/ 10- Plates so
placed that the weld is depo啤
sitεd with its axis horizontal and
its throat vertícal.
。)
(3) Vertical Position XIII/12一
Platesso placed that weld is
deposíted with its axis vertical.
向 Overhead
Positiol1 XIII/13一
Plates so placed that the weld is
dep ,?sited with its axis horizontal on the under side of the
horizontal surface and against
the vertical surface.
(B) A welder 5hall bεrequired to undergo and pass the
following practical tests.
1. Material for Tests- The material of plates,
tubes
孔， pipes and electrodes used for the5e tests
$由
hallc
∞
onf
证fo
时rmt怡
othe 陀
re
吨
qu
凶ir阳
eme
邵
时t怡
n
5 of appropriate
E武之怡
鸣
e
斟ulatio主115 as may be applicable 挝
g
in each ca
挝se
巳.
.2. Test Welds for Initial Qualification (Eledric or
Qualification in po革itio115 XU/ .
口， or XIII/12 shall qualify for
position XIII/ lO.
Gas):一
(a) Plate Welding一
(i) One groove welded joint of two pieces
of plates with double Vee of Double
U grooves on boiler quality plates
.)V er a length of 300 mm in the
following positions (size of plates to
be welded being not less thar
299 mm x 381 mm x 16 mm (9 x 15 x
5/8" each)一
Horizontal Position XII/11一
Plates so placed that the weld is
deposited with its axis hori庸
zontal on the upper side of the
horizontal surface and against
the vertical surface.
Qualification in position xm/
12 sha11 qua 1ify for position
XIII/10, XIII/11 and XIII/12.
(b) For Pipe
Welding-喘
(1). 011e test on groove weld joint for each
of the following welding positio115 :一
(i) Horizontal Ro l1 ed- Pipe wlth
its axis horizontal and rolled
lndian Boiler Re俨lations
242
during welding 50 出attheweld
metal is deposited from above
with the axis of the weld
horizontal.
(ii)
Horizon主al Tumed- Pipe with
i怡时$阳市∞ta1 the upper half
welded 虱础，位\e pipe then being
tumed 血rough
180 degree and
the other half then welded.
(iii) Verlical Fixed- One test of
groove welded j。如t with the
axis of the pipe in a vertical
position and the seam welded
cirαlII'Iferentially in a ho出ontal
position.
(iv) . Horizontal Fixed- 仅\e test of
groove welded j。如twi自由e
axis of the pipe in a horizonta1
position~and 也.e seam← welded
wi也out rota位\g 出e
inches). 在\e
main welding is. to be carried from
the undetside only.
(b) Tube Welding(i) A gr∞ve welded joint with the axis of the
pipe in a horizontal position and without
rotatir唱出.e pipe.
(ii)α\e weld of a branch to a pi肘， as prescribed in Re伊lation 609.
(c) Tube Welding- A butt welded Joint of two
pieces boiler tubes with the axis in a vertical
positi∞， and tubes of same si恕 fixedina吗oining
positions. This test shall be in addition to the
test for pipe ,welding under dause 刷.
(d) When a welder is continuously engaged on
production weld, test on the working ac如al
production to satisfaction of the Competent
Authority may be accepted as an altemative 协
鼠e tests.p把scribed as above 叩牛rda白白ωf
(b) and (c).
pipe.
Qualification in posi钱。ns(总) or
(iii) shall qualify also for
position (i) qualification' in
position (iv) shal1 qualify for
posi位on (i) or (ii).
(2) One Weld of a branch to a pipe.
τ'he
síze of pipe to be welded shall be
not less 出an 127 mm. (5 inches) in
extemaldiameter and 10 mm. (3/8
inch) thick, and a branch pipe shall
notbel.础S 也矶的mm. (3-1/2 inches)
outside diameter and 6 mm. (1/4
611. Examination of Tes主 Specimens for Initial
Qualification Tests一 (a) GrooveWelded Plate
Specimen嘉-TheGr∞，ve welded plate specimens a他r
welding may be lightly pr础sed cold to remove any
distortion due to welding. The test speci黯en shall be
s挝咀arly treated as required for actua1 produc段。nweld.
After visual examination，注\e welded specimen shall
be subjected 号。 radiographic examinati∞ inth时nanner
as provided in Regulation 265 (b), provided 也at this
re气uirement may be waived when the welder is to be
engaged on production work where radiographic
examination is not required under 出部e Regulati倪将·
inch) 出ick.
(c) For Tube Welding- A butt welded jo泣\t
oftwo pieces of boiler 蚀bes with the axis
in a vertical p臼ition and 始bes of same
size fixed in adjoining posi位ons. 白让s test
shall be in addition to 也e test for pipe
welding under dause (b).
610. Tests for Requalification- At a requalification
test a welder need not be examined in theoretical
subjects, but he shall be requ让ed to qualify in the
following practica1 tests :
(a) Plate Welding.… Agr∞'ve welded joint of two
pieces of plates not less 也an 16 mm. (5/8 inch)
由ick over a length of 152 mm, (6 inches) in a
position 45 degree to vertical, sÌ2:e of plates to be
welded being 229 mm. x 152 mm. (9 inches x 6
Thereafter test pieces shall be marked and cut out in
the order shown in Fi思主re XIII/l.
在\e
bend test specimens (B 1 &句 shall be prepared
and tested as per R怠gulations 261 & 262. In也e case of
alloy steel specimen, the angle of the bend is to be
decided by the ∞mpetent authority, provided that the
angle sha毡， in no case, be less than 1200 •
Two each specimens (E1 & E1) shall be prep缸础， one
for rnicro and the other for macro examination as per
Regula泣。n
265 (玛.
(b) Fi11et Welded Plate Specimens- To dimensions
andpre归ration ， of the fi11et-weld test spec回.en shall
conform to Fi伊re 骂II /2. Thè test spec凶en shall not
contain any visible cracks. lt shall be cut transver蹄lyto
lndian Boiler Regulations
243
provide a centre section (254 rnm.) (10 inch) long and
two end sectíonseach approximately (22 rnm) (1 inch)
long.
τhe steam of the
(254 rnm) (10 inch) centre section shall
be loaded laterally in such a way that ili,e root of the
weld is in tension. The load shall besteadily increased
until the spec阳.en fractures or bends flat upon itself. In
order to pass 出e test(1) The spedmenshall not fractu肥，
or
(2) If it fractures, the fractured surface shall show
no evidence of cracks or incomplete root penetration, and the sum ofthe len吝 ths of indusions
and gas pockets visible on the fractured surface
shall not exceed(51mm.)(2 inch).
The cut end of one of 生he end sections shall be políshed
and etched wi出 a suitable reagent to give a dear
definitíon of the structure of the weld.
In order to pass the test(i) Visual examination of the cr.拥护section of the
weld shall 钱。w complete fusion at the root and
freedom from cracks.
(ii) The weld shall not have a concavity or convexity
greater than (1.6 rnm) (1/16 inch); and
(i泣)ηlere
shall be not more .than (1.6 rnm) (1/ 16
inch) difference in 也e lengths of the legs of the
fille t.
(c) Groove and Fillet Welded Pipe and Tube Specimens- The groove welded pipe and tubes spec挝lens
shall be marked and test pjeces cut out as in Figure
XIII/3. The test pieces shall be prepared for face bend,
root bend and etch tes t.
The pipes shall not be flatteneð , but tested in their
curved conditíons. The penetration bead may be
removed to 0.8 rnm. (1/ 32") proud of the surface of 出e
material.
Fi11et welded branches shall be tested for :
(i) Visual Examination- The test weld so obtained
shal1 be visually examined for root penetration,
freedom from undercut, disposition of runs,
uniformity of surface, shape of profile, sm∞校1ness of join仁 freedom from cavitíes and slag,
dimensiòns of weld deposit, quality of weld
metal (overheating, surface cracks, spongy
surface, etc.). Any piece showing serious defect
shall be rejected.
(ii) Macro Examination-- Each branch weld test
piece shall be sawnas shown in Figure XIII/4
and each portion so produced shal1 be prepared
and etched. The sections shall then be examined
for degree of fusion, degree of root penetration,
absence of non-metallic (slag) indusions and
平lality of weld meta1.咀le joint should show
good root fusion, complete freedom from basal
cracking, and the absence of any butt ve巧rminor
defects.
(d) Welded Tube Join始-A testleng出叩prox加lately
203 rnm long shall be cut from the tube with the welded
joint disposed approx挝lately atthe centre. After visual
examination, one test piece not 己xceeding 13 rnm, for
tubes 6π郎. in thickness and below and thrice the
thickness of the tube for thickness of over 6 rnm. shall
be cut longitudinally.
The test shall not be less than 76 rnm in length on either
side of the weld. The líght excess of in除malheadmay
be 甜甜 until it is not more than 0.8 round of the general
surface. The testpiece shall then be bent back with the
root in tension through 90 degree round a former of
diameter equal to three times the thickness of the 阳bes.
With regard to al10y steel pipes and tube嚣， the bend
test spec泣翠柏 shall be bent without being straightened,
but after removal of the weld reinforcement down to
the level of but not below the surface, round a former
of diameter41 垂nd through and angle of 90 degree. The
bending may be carried out by blows or by pressu肥，
care shall be taken to ensure 出at 出.e former is so
positioned that the weld is maintained at the crown of
the bend. The test spec加en shall be capable of being
bet through 90 degree without signs of failure , although
slight prema抬出 failure at the edges of a spec泊l.en
need not be considered å cause for r得ection. T~e
opening out of a slight defect due to incomplete root
penetration or lack of ri∞t fusion need not be considered
a cause for rejection; provided the defect has sound
metal at the back and on ei出er side of it.
(的 Additional Tests
Before Rejection- Should any of
the test pieces tested in accordance with the above subregulations fail to meet the specified requirements, one
further strip may be cut from the specimen and
subjected to the same tes t. If any test piece does not
reach the required standard two further welds shal1 be
made and the procedure in the above sub-regulation
repeated刽If any of these welds does not reach the
requireq standard, the welder-shall be deemed not to
have qualified for a certifìcate.
lndian Boiler Regulations
244
612. Examination of Test Specimens for Requa1ification Test争…刨 Groove Welded Plate Specimen纱巾
在飞.e welded joint shall f泣st be examined uilder X悦y
and thereafter cut to appropriate dimensioris for
conducting the following test窑，
Provided that the radio.graphic examination of 也eweld，
may be waived when 也e welder is t o. be engaged o.n
pro.ductio.n w o.rk where radio.graphic examinatio.n is
n o. t required under these re事llatio.ns.
One fórward bend tes丸o.ne reverse bend test, and tw o.
macro. examinatio.n.
test piece shall be marked and cut o.ut in the o.rder
sho.wn in Figure XIII/5 and tested in accordance wi白
白e pro.visio.ns o. f Re莎白tio.n 611.
白\e
… ~IP?Ei些 Plate Wel生4 年P二二i甲en二:塾~Y~~<1且如
co.nduct时部 detailed in Regulati o.n 611 (b).
(c) Pipe and Tube Welding… Specimens shall be
prepared and tested as prescribed in R鸣叫础。n611 (c)
o.r 611 (帘， as the case may be.
(d) Additional Test Before Rejec主ion- Should any o.f
test pieces tes始d in acc o.rdance with the ab o.ve subre思主i挝io.ns fail t o. meet the specified req时rements， o.ne
futther weld may be cut fr o.m the spec始len and
su问ected to. the same test.
白e
If any test piece does n o.t reach the required standard,
two.缸挝ler welds shall be made and the pr倪edure in
the abo.ve repeated. If any o.f these welds does n o.t
reach the required standard the welder shall be deemed
n o.t t o. have qualified fo.r a<:ettificate.
613. Awarding of Mark如- Marks shall be awarded in
acco.rdance with the Fo.rm 泪I. Candidates o.btaining
marks n o.t le部出an 60 per cent 抽出e o.ral o.r written
假aminatio.n and n o.t less than 75 per 但nt in the prac远cal
秘$蚀， shall be deemed to. have qualified fo. r a certificate
pro.vided 役时也.e bend tests are fo.und to. be 部出facto哼­
Sho. uld a candidate fail in the o. ral o. r written
examinatio.n but pass 抽出e practical test, he may be re楠
ex础山ed in oral o.r wri忧enexamin挝io.nwithinaμriod
o.f twelve weeks fr o.m the date o.f examinatio.n o.f
prac总.cal test, and 迁 he o.btains n o.t less 出.an 60 per cent
m缸b 始 the re-examinatio.n , he shall be deemed to.
have qualified fo.r a cer立法icate.
The forms shall be a饮制edby 也.e Co.mpetent Autho. rity
and filed in 也is office fo.r future reference.
614. Award o.f Certificate…。飞 successful co.mpletion
o.f tests prescribed inRegulatio.n 609(A) any o.f these
pr臼cribed .in Regulatio.ri 609(b)出e welder may be
awarded a certificate inFo.rm XIII to 也.e extent of the
testspassed by him.
Welder who. pass 也.e tes怡 fo.r gr∞ve welds in plates
由必 be considered as having qualified fo. r making
fillet welds in plates. Welders who 严部也.e tests fo.r
血let welds, shall be qualified to make 缸let welds
o.nly. Any certificate issued for lUly pu叩ωeunder 出e
rules made by the State Go.vernment in 刷 s behalf
shall be deemed t o. have been issued fo.r that pu甲ose
under 出s Chapter and any actio.n taken under the
said rules, shall be deemed t o. havebeen taken under
泣ús Chapter.
615. Maintenance o.f Records翩翩唰 Every manufac讪出r
o.rrep忍rer o.f boilers and st，础m唰pipes shallαlaintain a
rec o.rd o.f all welding pers假回el engaged on welding
and repairing o.fb o.ilers and steam-pipes, particulars of
each welder and the w o.rk handled by him. Such rec o.rd
shall be pro. duced to the Inspecting Autho. rity,
Tnspecting Officer o.r an Inspecto.r on demand.
In the case of welders who. m飞dertake weldingunder
own r创po.nsibility必 the reco.rd as afo.resaiJ. shall
be maintained by themselves.
出.eir
616. Fees for Examination of Welders- Fees fo. r
o.f welders under 也ese regula tions shall
be Rs. 100 and this shall be b o.me by the applicant/
spo.nso.r. In additio.n , the 叩plicantj spo.ns o.r shall bear
all o.ther expenses like co.st o.f material and worksho.p
and te的始在 facilities as fixed by the C o. mpetent
拟阳由atio.n
Au耐。rity.
The fee fo.r endorsement of welder'事 certificate shall be
Rs. 100 and will be b o.me by the applicant/sp o.ns o.r.
617. Penalty一切 Who.ever emplo.ys a perso.n in
welding a boiler or 5t拙m-pipe in contraventio.n o.f 航船e
Re凯lIatio.ns shall be pm让shable with fine which may
extend t o. Rs. 100.
(2) Any employer o.r welder who. fail5 to. maintain the
reco. rds as required under Regulation 615 shall be
punishable with fine which may ex始nd t o. Rs. 100.
Indian Boiler Regulations
嚣2
喜g
BI
RL
:'45
B2
K
飞
L.ω
L年年
z
4在岳然m (16")
_1
TEST 5PECIM部 IF SUCH A TEST 15
CONSIDERED 降部SSARY
FIG. XIIJl1- ORDER OF REMOVAL OF 丁EST SPECIMEN
FROM TEST PLATE FOR INITIAL QUALIFICATION T在 ST
TEI'部LE
B
FILLETWELD 叙JUNDNESSτ茸STFORP嚣议以JRMANCE QUALIFICA'τ10N
OFW军LDERS
FRACTUR主 πST
NON帽 FUSION
30SM.M.
(12IN.) - - - - i
l'
: MAXIMUM PER础 SSIBLE DEFECTS SUCH AS SLAG.
ETC. 20 P翠 RCENT OR 2INCH5. EVIDENCE OF CRACKING
OF FILL盯 SHALL CONSTITUτEGROUNDS 以及 REJEcrION.
MACRO τEST: THE FILL在τSHALL SHOW FU5ION τo THE ROOτ
CONV军XITY AND/ORCONCAVITYOFτHEFILLETSt王ALL NOT EXCEED
1 /1岳 INCH. BO刀iL苞，GS OF THE FILL E'τSHALL BE EQUAL τ'O W双曰IN lI
FIG. XIIV S.… ORDER OF REMOVAL OF T稳 STSPECIMEN
军ROM TEST PLAl峰已 FORR在-QUALIFICATION TEST
O
1岳 INC日，
FIG. XIIV2
PLATES VERTlCAL
PLATES HORIZONTAL
(a) TEST POSmON (FLAτ) XIII/6
军AC 芜 BENDT陈 ST
PLAτ 宠5V主 RTICAL AXIS OF
W军 LDVERTICAL
四
回
『盯
mw
附阻四
(QTEST POSmON 仅在交TICAL)XIIU8
n然，OATOF......
WELD
6
AXIS OF WELD HORIZONTAL
• (b) TEST POSmON HORIZONT AL
XIIII'7
PLA'τES HORIZONTAL
T 部r POSmON (OVE汉HEAD)
XlIIl9
.
1
βZ口口口=￥
V黯ηCAL 仄乙5号
I
... 45. 飞泞---…甲『\
(a)
FLAT POSmON OF TEST TE在
FORFILLETW军 LD XIII I10
AXISOFW军 LD-丁、1::
~、、、
V军 RTICAL
FACEBENDTESτ
FIG. XIIV3- ORDER 0苦 REMOVALOFT旅 ST SPECIMENS
FROM WELDED PIPE
(c) VERTICAL POSITON OF TEST
τ军军民JR FILLET
WELD XIIII1l
(b )HO武IZONT AL POSITlON OF
TESTT军 EFILL 盯 WELD
AXISOFW 就 LD
XIlII11
HORIZONTAL
奇
(d)OV黯HEAD POSmON OF TEST
TE嚣民JR FILLET WELD XIIII1 3
lnd幻n
246
and the p1ate fO'r shell.and heads shall be n O't
than 6 m.m. in 也ickness and the heads a宰
相be 点.eets fO'r tubes r O'lled in shall be at least 8
m.m. in thickn艺部.
CHAPTER 泪V
(Regulations made under c1auses 同
section 28 of the Act)
and
l臼s
(aa) of
(c)
SMALL INDUSTRIAL BOILERS
(i)
618. Scopφ- This Chapter shallapply tothe design,
construction, inspec悦。几 registration， opera悦。n and
maintenance of small industrial boilers.
In由is
regu1a位O'ns.
(均 The
allO' wable stress O'n cast irO'n or
malleable irO'n shall be based O'n 血etensile
streng也O'f material with a fact O'r of safety
O'f n O't less 出黯\ 4.5.
Chapter, "Small Industrial
(的 a 由ell
type bO'i1er 军enerating steam for use
extemal to itself under pressure uptO' 7 与/cm2
and having a vO'lumetric capacity exceeding
22.75litres, but not exceeding 民却 litres inc1uding
………叮售翌~y'Q~~l!ic…些押Ç.ity二:gf~aU_pJ'~是sJ.J.re… parts
(2) Design, cO' nstruction, workmanship and the
meth O' d O' fωmp'且ting the maximu黯 allO'wable
wO'rk如g pressurej
{a)
胡立王怠 C出15位uctiO'nexceptwhere 0'也et:l悦se …
specified 甜甜
being heated from the same heating sO'urce and
connec栓d to the b O'iler; or
be the same as th O'se
prescribed in 也e relevant provisiO'ns O'f the
preceding Chapters of these re伊latiO'ns.
(b) a coil type boiler O'r a once 佳U'ough bO'iler or a
water tube bO'il就 having 也e conditions 年前ified
in c1ause (a) above except 也就一
(i) 出e limitation
c时， and
(ü) In the ca艇。，f fusiO'n welded b O'iler neither
stre部 relieving n O'r
j。如ts
of pressure shall be 12 kg/
(ii) the capacity shall be not
(b)
exc使ding
150
litres.
Provided that in case .of' bO'ilers having co黯b加ed
features of dauses (的 and (b), the wO'rking pressure
shall be restricted tO' 7 kg/cm2 and the volumetric
capacity of particular pressure parts shall nO't exceed
the limits specified 如 the respective c1auses above
subject to an aggregate of 500 litres.
620. Extent to which variation from the standard
condition嚣 laid down in the preceding α\apters is
permissible… The fO'llowing variatiO'ns frO'黯 the
standard cO'nditions 1aid d O' wn in the preceding
ch邵阳rs shall be permitted, subject t O' thecO'nditiO'ns
specified belO'w i with due regard tO' the safety. O'f 出e
boi1ers and personnel:一
(1)
Headsofp臼ts O' f bO'ilerS when n O' t exposE!d
tO' direct 凶pact O'f flame may be made of
cast irO'n O'r malleable iron prO'vided 也ey
cO'mply with O' ther req'凶rements O'f th能e
GENE民AL
619. DefinitionBoi1er" means-唰
Boiler Regulations
radiO'graphy O'f welded
is req时red.
(i) In the Small Industrial Boilers unflanged
steel tube plate may be 加serted intO'航e
shell and welded fO'r the en位re 也ickn部s
as shO'wn in Pi&1le XIV /1 belO'w with a
fillet weld having a thrO'挝 nO'tl制sthan 11.4
始mesthe 出ickness O'f 也e shell O'r tube sheet
whichever is smaller.
{运)
The minimum thickness of unflanged
welded tube sheets shall be 10 m.m.
--Ìts
叮一
Materials一位)
The ma terials used in the
∞，nstruction O'f Small Jndustrial Boi1e括 sh碰，
except as O' therwise prO'vided hereinafter ,
cO'n fO'rm tO'也e prO'visions made in Chapter 11 O'f
these regu1atiO'n窑，
(b) Steel p 1ates used in 血e cO'nstructiO'n O'f 也ebO'ilers
sha11 be O'f 15: 2062grade B O'r C O'r equivalent
t l : 2 TIMESR应QUIRED 1HICKNESS OF A SEAMLESS SHELL
BUTNEVERL泣SS THAN 1.25 ts OR GREATER 相ANt
FIG. XIVI1
,
f
J
247
lndian Boiler Regulations
(ili) The temperature of the hea位l.g element of
el时trical1y heated steam boilers shal1 be so
it shal1 not exceed 650oC.
。在\e tubes shal1 be made of steel.
control1ed 役tat
(c)
(ii) The tube holes shall be drilled full size
with shells bu饮 straps and ends bolted up
in position or may be p\琼瑶l.ed at least 13
mm sma l1er in diameter than 仇lllsize and
也.en drilled, reamed or finished .fu l1 size
with a rotating cutter.τhe sharpedges and
chips remov时， the plates and butt s恼ps
reassembled metal to metal with pins
fit由l.gs 白e holes and with tack bolts.
。) Inspection and testing : The Smal1 Industrial Boilers
处tall
be subject to inspection dur如g construction and
after completion by an Inspecting Authority. 在l.e
如spection of the boilers shal1 be made at the fo l1owing
stages:
A. Shell type Boil弯路:
(i) Material iden住在cation and insp缸挝on.
扭)
Inspection of each component after
completing welding and drilling.
(ili) Assembly of boiler.
(iv) Hydraulic test :
(a) Every completed boiler of riveted
construction shall be tested
hydraulically at least twice the
working pressure;
(b) In case of a boUer whol1y or partly
weldedcons位uction the hydraullc
test pressure shall be equal to two
times the 凯aximum allowable
workingpressure of 位le boiler.
(v) A test coupon shal1 be provided by 也e
maker for conducting root and face bend
tests.
B. Coil 守pe Boilers, once through boilers and
water tube boi1 ers :
(i) Identification of materials.
{运) Hydra世ictest- 白\e pressure for hydraullc
test shal1 be two 经mes. that of the working
pre部ure of the boiler.
(4) Certificates and Make r's stamps
certificate and maker's stamp shal1 be in
conformallty wi也出e provisions of Chapter 1 of
these regu1ations.
(a) 百\e
(b) If owing to smal1 size of 役\e boiler 刻i 如formation
cannot be visibly stamped onthe boiler plate,
maker'scer位ficate accompanying the boiler sha11
contain the necessary detaUs, but in all cases
name, works number and the year of the make
must be stamped or exhibited on 也.e boiler.
621. Valves, Gauges, Fittings and Feed Supply,…
(a) Washout J,'lugs, etc. for c1eaning.…
(i) Eve哼 boiler shall be fitted with at least 3
brass wash plugs of not less 也阻挡 mm.
diam剖町 which shal1 be screwed into the
openings in the shel1s near the bottom. In
the boilers of c10sed sys枪m type heated by
zemova-K internal electric heatin在
elements，也e opening for theseelements
. when suitable for c1eaning purp倒es may
be substituted for wash out openings.
{泣) Boi1ers not exceeding 300m肌 intemal
diameter may have two 25 放回l.openings
for c1eanir咯 one oi which may be used for
the attachment of 也.e blow off valve. 贺\e
ope时ngs shal1 be opposite to each 0出.er，
wherever possible. All threaded 叩enings
in 也.e boi1er sha在 be provided wi也 rivetted
or welded reinforcement, if nece部ary， to
give four full threads. therein.
(ili) Electric boilers of a design employing
removable top cover flange for inspection
and deaning need not be fitted with
washout openings and Washout plug.
Level gauges are not required for once
…
位rou阱 boilers.
(b) Every boiler shal1 be provided with atleast one
feed pump or other feeding device exc呼twhere
it is connected witli a water m a,in carry如g
pr能在ure to feed the boiler or where 役\e steam
伊nerator is op耐ated with no extraction of steam
(dosed system). In轨e la饺er case, in lleu of the
feeding device, a suitable connection or opening
shall be provided to feed the boilers. Such
connection sha l1 be not le黯 than 13 mm. 泣1
diameter.
(c) Subject to the provisions of 位is sub喘息llation
every boi1er shalI be fitted with necessary
mountin吝s and fi民in脐部 provided in chapter
VI of 也e民 regulatio邸， and 仕\ey shal1 be of
substantial construction suitable for 7 沟/cm2•
A挂出e前 fittings 揪出pt safety valves shal1 be
certified by manufacturers of the fittings
them臼lves.
lnd仰t
248
。)
Feed pipe- Thefeed pipeshallbeprovided
wi也 ach町k valve and a stop valve of a size
notless 位翻出atof 出epipe. 百\e feed water
may be delivered to the boiler 栓在ough 白e
openin萨 ofthes叙nesizein 出e shell as that
of the blow off coru飞ection.
connections , without any unnecessary
interve:时ng pipe or fit位n忌 Suchinterv创由\gpipe
or fit位ng 迁 unavoidable shall be not longer 出部1
the corresponding face to face d恼，ensionofa 怡e
fit出g of the same diameter and 也，em泣也num
opening there 注\tOugh shall be at least 吨ual to
the valve in1et.
(ü) Blow Off- Each boiler shall be equipped
wi也 a blow off ∞nnection， not 1部S 白m
18 mm. insize located to dra祖 the boiler
water from the lowest water space
practicable when the boi1er is under
pressure. Feed. water shall not be
introduced thro\王军h the openings or
connection needèd fór thè w'àter column,
thewater gaugeglass or the gauge cock.
,
No valve of any description shall be placed
between safety valve and 注\e boiler not ∞也e
discharge pipe from thesafety valve to 也e
、
(ili) Water Gauge s- Every boiler other than a
coil type or a once 出rough boiler shall be
fitted withtwo gauge glas阳s not less than
a位nosphere.
古\e electrically heated boilers shall be effectively
ear出，ed wi出 a
level. The boiler shall have the lowest
visible part gf 位e water gauge located at
least25 m肌 above 出，e lowest per舷窗sible
water leve1.
The lowest permissible water level of
vertical boilersshall OO at a point one-third
of the height of the shell above the bottom
head or tube sheet where the boi1er is
equippeq with internal fumace，出ew挝er
level sh硝p.ot be 1笛喜出anone吐úrd ofthe
length of 白e tuOOs' above the top of the
缸mace tuÞe sheet.
,
(iv) Pres5ure Gauge- The steam pressure
gauge shall have itsdial 在raduated to not
less 也an twice 也，e max垃\um al10wable
working pressureof the boiler. The
diameterof the dial shall be at least 1∞
mm. and the pipe coru飞ecting 出，epressure
gauge shall be n也lÍmum10mm‘ and the
connection shall be 郎。.ugh siphon.
(v) Safety Valve- Each bo i1 er shall be
equipped with two safety valves for
relieving the steam pressure. The diameter
of the valve shall not be les嚣出an 19n田\.
capadty of 也e safet主
valve shall be sufficient to discharge all 世\esteam
也at can be generated by the boiler without
allowin喜出，e pre韶山e to rise more 航船 10 per
cent above maximum allowable working ,
pre槌ure. 在四 safety valve shall be connected 挝、
the boiler independently of any other steam '
lead of substantial cross secti∞.
622. Registration, Operation and Maintenance…
(a)
(i) The fee required to accompany an
app挝，cation under s由·阳础。In (1) of section
]~国:Þ~J!y穿，111!11由始1'\11'附 peIQQil~l足咿…
一一一甲叫去50mm才ong-f~detem白白1窑饺黯 water
币1您 扭扭imu黯 reliev如g
Boiler Regu1a tions
(ii) 白\e
annual insp倒tion fèe shàllbe five
hundred ru严部 perboiler.
(b) The certificat障。，f manufacture and test for small
indus屈alboilers 也all be fumished in Form XVII
appended to these regulations.
(c) Operator for these boilers shall be all pass in
Class X or equivalent.
CHAP1雹ERXV
FEED WATER FOR BOILER
623.Scope- 刨白\ÌS
chapter lays down specifica悦例\s
for feed water and boiler water for low and medium
pressure boilers (boilers operating up to 60 问/四\2).
制 For
boilers opera恤19 at pressures higher 出an60
better quality of water to IS : 10496 - 1983 may
be adopted.
kgl相\2，
624. Requirements-…白lewater sha芷 comply with the
requirements given in Table 1 when tested by the
methods prescribed 如 Col. 6 and 7 of 仕\e table.
625. Sampling- 5ampling shall be done following
general directions given in 2 of 15 : 3025 静 1964气In
particular, the following points shall be observed :
(a) It is necessary that a stainle莘莘 steel or monel
黯，etal coil is fitted on the sampling cock so 位\at
也e tempera如re of the water sample will be
well below the boilin在 point at atmospheric
pressure and 血ese is no risk of aeration and
concentration due to flashin芭拉况。 steam; 缸\d
Indian
Boiler 及egulatíons
249
(b) Samples of feed water sha1l be col1ected from
the delìvery of the boiler feed pump, samples of
boiler water from the top drum, and 5叙抗ples of
conden锦te from the delìvery of the condensate
extraction pump.
626. Test Methods- Tests sha11 be carried out as
prescribed in 也e appropriate dauses of IS: 3025-1964'
and IS: 3550 - 1965φas indicated against the
characteristics in Table 1.
TABLE 1 - CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS OF F辈辈D WATER AND BOILER WAτER FOR LOW AND
MEDIUM PRESSURE BOILERS
(Regulations 624 and 626)
51.
No.
Characteristic
Requirement for Boiler Pre，必 ure
Method ofTest
to CI. No. oj)
(R吃f.
(1)
(2)
(i) Feed w总检r
(a) Total hardness (as CaC02) , mg/l, max
(b) pH value
(c) Dissolved Ox ygen, mg/l, max
(d) Silica (as Si02) , mg/l, max
(ii) Boiler Water
(a) Total hardness (of filt桂芳ed sample)
(as CaCOJ , mg/l
(b) Total alkalinity α(as CaCOJ, mg/l max
(c) Caustic alkalinity (as CaCOJ mg/l max
(d) pHValue
{苟言Residual sodium sulphite
{部 Na 2S03 ) mg/l
(f) Residual hydrazine (as N乒4)' mg/l
(g)φRa挝oNai叙)/Caustic alkalinity
(as NaO H) or
Ratio NaNO/total alkalinity (as NaOH)
(as PO) , mg/l (ifadded)
(i) Total dissolved solids mg/l, max
(k) Silica (as 8i02) , mg/l
。\) Phosph在tes
Up to 2.0
MN/m 2
(3)
2.1 to 3.9
MNlm2
(4)
4.0 to 5.9
15: 3550-
MN加2
1965排
10
8.5 to 9.5
0.1
1.0
8.5 to 9.5
0.02
5
0.5
8.5 to 9.5
0.01
0.5
(6)
16.-1
8
25
16
16~1
Not detectable
7∞
5∞
3∞
350
11.0 to 12.0
200
11.0 to 12.0
60
10.5 to 11.0
30 to 50
0.1 to 1
20 to 30
。.1 to 0.5
above 2.5
13
15
8
21
0.05 to 0.3
26
20.2
and 15
48
and 13
above 0.4
20 to 40
15 to 30
3500σ
25∞
Less than 0.4 of caustic
15: 3025喃
1964+
5 to 20
1500
15
14
9
16
12
30
alkalinity
Note 1 Recovery Boilers: The boiler feed water used shall be completely de-mineralized and also the boi1er feed wat在r and
boiler water shall be conditione'd in acc假如nce with high pressure boilers working at 60 kg/cm2 and above (see
18:4343幡1967峙").
Note 2 When feed w毒ter heaters are of copper or copper alloy constructior毡， the pH of the feed water shall b告 maintained
between 8.5 and 9.2 while when feed water he在ters are of îron constructions, the pH of feed m辑Y bè maintained
between 8.5 and 9.5.
Note :3 5ilica in Boiler water: Lower concentration of silica may be advisable for steam of turbines, which generally requires less
than 0.02 mg/l silica in steam.
每 Methods of te剖 for routine control for water used 坦 industry.
+ Methods of sampling and test (physical and chernical) for w在怡r used in indus衍y.
αTotal alkalinity should preferably be about 20 per cent of total dissolved solids.
。 Shall not apply if reducing 毒gents other than sodium sulphite are used.
φFor riveted boilers only.
。 For shell 守pe boilers depending on parameters, the lirnits can be rel在xed.
.... Code of practice for treatment of water for high pressure boilers (under revision).
时
FORMI
o
(Regulation 386 and 487)
INDIAN BOILERS ACf, 1923
BOILER INSPECflON DEPARTMENT
BOILER REGISTRY NUMBER
MEMORANDUM OF INSPECflON
OR
REGISTRATION BOOK
Eass固立
-qeh2ESSM
MEMORANDUM OF INSPECflON
OR
REGISTRATION BOOK
Fascimile bf Maker's stamp
Position of Stamp ……..…..……....
H
Milesby ………....... from station
W.or挝ng Season ……·
Appr.oved W.or协\g Pressure
on
Boiler Ra出19 ……………..
Insμ耐onFee..…H
Registra挝on 战>ok
on..…绚
Remarks .on
Filed At …
Au由ority
紫阳也鼠善罢踊
PHF
Regis位yNumber …..…..........
…咿叫
。
Boiler registered at 川...
Register B∞kN.o..….........
MAK起R'S CERτlFICATE
Boiler
Name .
Maker
Manufacture, hydraulic test to ....... lbs. Drawing No......…, .received .
Inspecting Name..
Rivets
hw栩如拍拍阳
ωω
Bars .......
Plates … "
知协
凹'lat，臼 H
P
……......…...
..…..……….…
旨VMUU
肝Hb轩阴阳
RHhet巳
M肝
F阴阳
UburM
Branding
Manu且f缸
act阳
ur陀唱噎~d
W阳WWWWWWMW
8创lds
叹
议ivets
HS
Pla始s
丑
F也'Ctor
received ..
.....
rec:卫eived
川阳'川挝怒…
ti芦eate
eaa
pection
Working Boiler Eva严如 lnitials
Pressure R.a ting ration ofll阳"
陆
ment
Period
of cer-
E四::eived.山­
TEST RESULTS
gGGBm
-t-nJ
T
to
5·ehc
T
to
T
to
T
to
T
to
to
T
T
to
to
T
Bar.....…............…....
T
to
Sα哇w ……...
to
T
Bars ……....…....……....……....川….川.
山SELJM 怨"
。对伊-
cateNo.
and Date
.
Plates …...
Bars …
Rivets '"
l
Da te
oflns俐
received …"
~.
JU
四…邸n
，睡…
ORDER AND CERTIFICATE RECORD
Date
recelVeo.....
Name 锺
t'roα~ ………..........
M iII
OfPi呼"
r配eived …­
pro西部…-
Ro狂ing
Fee
Testsofma阳圳，刷刷刷创刊伊rv:ision，. hy，伽ulic 栅t … received …..
Plates Name....……................…
_
量'rocess ......……................
Name.........................
Ba rs
transfer怒，心批
PROVl臼ONAL
剧。凡川等细胞噎苍苍革
Owner ……
Address of Factory ………..…"…
Ne，缸可~stR必lway Station … …
Fact.ory is ……..
W .ork .of Fact.ory ……….......……
问过3
PARTICULARS AND DIMENSIONS
Leading Dimensions :
Type of Boiler
Intended working pressure:
Maker
Pla四 and Year of make :
Maker's number :
Desαiption of Boiler
MISCELLANEOUS
D挡住ict ...…
-mm-m'mam-m-m
%%%%%%%%%
ms.
ms.
ms.
InS.
ms.
ms.
ms.
四lS.
InS.
ms.
Analy喜怒
毯M
O 四'。
aaLRI
…
,,
出
PARTICULARS AND
PARnCULARS AND DIMENSIO陷 (Contd.)
PLATES AND LOr喝GITUDI民ALSTAYS
DIMENSIO挝S (Contd.)
S辈辈ELL B:挝D
CYLINDRICA主 SHELL
(a)
Shell or Fire
box casìng
Cro悦m
Name of parts
Number and ma怡rial of each
Le ngth between end plat，ω
Le ngth between end plates s臼m
Oiameter inside la咱础t belt
Thickness of Pla协$
Number of belts of planting
First or top 加挠， inside or 0注tsìde.
Longi仇ldìnal
seams
PωÍtion 怡'clck)
Kind, L，队8.， 0.8., W.
阳veting， 5, 0., T., C, z., H., M.
No. of rivets per pitch
Pìtch of rivets
Diar. of holes, outer rows
Diar. of holes, inner rows
Oìstance betw瑞n rows, ou毛er
Oìstance between rows, inner
Distance rivet 创伐桐柏 edge
0..主ter butt strap, width x thickness
Inner butt s位吨" width x thickness
Circumferential 附arr略.
No. of seams (end and inner)
Ki nd, L, 5. 8., O.鼠， W卫&8.
Rivetin g, 5, O.T., C.Z., H., M.
No. of rivets per pitch
Pitch or rivets
Diar. of holes
Dìs tance between rows
Distance betw创m rivet centre to edge
(b)
(c)
拉
萨.)
P岳阳 andma沁rial~here田\der …..…………….........................
Fla仁 dìshed， ~emìspherical 加………..….. pieces,) not stayed, not flan伊d
Diame始r (outside), front '" Ba ck, ........川 crown …La r萨st cirde 峭
Radi础 of cui"Vature fro毗………..…..… back ….... crown ………..…........川
Ra dius of curatur，哇， comer of flan伊，… shell， .•••.• fumace,… uptake …
Plate，由ickr哼路" front ... back ………….. crown … tubeplate F ….8 ……
8arrel .Steam &
orMud Water Drum
Drum
or Dome
咱 1 Attach to shéll, Crown or front …………
~ 1 At切巾阳 shell， back end …
Ah而阳呐ke or fumace crown or front ........…
IA忧掘出 to furpaæ flue, back end …
Shell angle ..f… rive协恕，怠， 0.， Pìtch .....川..."....."...… hol臼…
Fumace or uþtake rive阳也 pit由 cir，巾" Pi协…… hol部..........…..…............…
Heml.end 提c辈。吗 No…. rive椒艰， 5.， 0吁 pitch …..
gj
如amspa传出副部:g plate，加批…….. back..…..
加amspa愣隧rener or bulb，如n仁....... back.......
均 i G12削他州。口， ωp，......胁"。肌 H 町，问" .......如阳
"
γI Londl, S怯~No. ……............... diar...... ….......白reads....... hutted …
LonStt. sta抖 pi盹 v......…… M ….....".....… d时e …… .w础m …...
10iagI. do …山...................
31
MANHOl应S， HAND AND SIGHT HOLES, DOORS AND STAND BLOCKS
p'artsand ma始riaIS hereunder,…………
I No. and positlon
Framed or plate flan萨d
隙。Hero严略略 E白棋\)( wid也
I Frame 吨>eni*g， length )( width
喜 i 加meinsi 。也知ide， ra悦d， pre附d
在 IFra附 50凶， lwelded，倒st
Ejh州时佩∞ 10Il尉.axis
ili 加or，泛
盹飞志也时
insi~e， spigot clearance
801t莓， No. diar, threads
801邸， pi忧h qrcle
Nut
Compensatioþ ring, width x thickness
阳刚略， mLLNMve也伽. holes
…
!
l
时 No.................i............................... d阳ions ............... positions
53ω问i叩
rings fitted
吕|队)C)rs， type 斗…·……........ bolt比 diar， ...伽reads …….
~
§
g
法
spigot dearance .
r'1 Cleanìng plugs; No .......……… diar....……………… position ……………!'I:l
gil 呻t
i
d叫闹剧， top .. bottom..
叫础弩
AZZfTr?!7771::WdWW叫 thicwi
n
Parts and material hereunder ........ .
1 23
RECTANGULAR FIREBOX, COMBUSTION CHAMBER, GIRDERS
SMOKE OR WATER TUBES AND SCREW STAYS
P'arts and material hereunder ………
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们。FA
目CSH。 znZ 〉富国回国
N
Length inside, bottom ..….......ωp..…"…. Width inside, bottom ..…"…..... top.....
Height, foun缸， sωm or chbr. bottom t:> roof..... Rad. of a且lVe， chbr. bo他)ffi •••••• roof side.
Roof, flat, curv时， αmbered， corrugated, stayed to shell or girders, type ..…"…..
Plate thickness，自rehole or chbr ............... sid臼，…·…………"… roof .. .
Plate thickness, bottom ..…..... tube pla怡， F ....... B..…… roof and sides in one ...... .
Attacht. to firebox casing at 自rehole.....
Attacht. to firebox casing at firehol险"…..
Fo山\dn.， ring，使ction....…......…………… riveting， pitch …...... holes..…
Firehole, ring，使ction ..........…........……..... riveting, pitch …....... holes.. ………..…
Firehole与 opening..…"………………·……… distance of centre above found seam ....
Side seams, distance between .................. riveting, pitch .......... holes.. ……·
~
吕~
。HMN
回O
归MW
叶C回回∞
Pitch, V ……........... H.,..........
Pitch, V.... …......… H. ,
Pitch, V........ ……... H. ,
Pitch L., .........•...... c.,.
Pitch L., .............…c.,
riveted, bodies tumed to …in ..
riveted, bodies tumed to ... in …
riveted, bodies tumed to ... in …
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贝门饲阳芝∞叶
〉
J
「
ω
Ordinary stays
Marginal
Roof,
Stay........ length betwen tube plates,…·… make..…·
thickness F. E., expd. , bead frld. S.E., Expd. , bead, or..
thickness F. E.， expd叩 bead， nu忧时， S.F.， Expd., nutted
F. E. , •....... S.E.，…·… ......ηlfeads …·…... buts,....
H......…… D ................. C. Z. straight curved. Lie, .
X...... ……. X.................. X …·… Marginal pitch ........ .
V …·……….H …·…......
V ………...... H ..............
V ……....... H ..............
L. wise. , .... C. wise ....
L. wise. , .... C. wise ....
diar. threads,… nuts ……….
&0., threads, .... nuts …... ....
do., threads, .... nuts ……….
R
Inside
diameter
R
6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
L
Plate
thickness
R
L
Positions
of cross
tubes
R
L
Flanges, type ....................…... riveting, pitch …… holes.
Caulking ring ..……............….. Ra dius of comer …Flang, width.........
Crosstubes, No. each fumace, longtl seam, ........… riveted, welded to Fl ue
Crosstubes, No. each fumace, diar, (outside), top …bottom …Thickness …
Attacht. to shell at bottom ..
Attach t. to shell at bottom.fireholes …
Foundn. ring, section ................……........ riveting pitch ....… holes.
Fireholes ring, section ....……................... riveting pitch ....… holes …"…
Fireholes opening ……… X distance of centre above foundn. seam .
Screw Stays, No. of rows, ••• Pitch, V ... H., ••• nearest row to foundn. , seam …
Sc rew Stays, No. of diar threads …nuts,… riveted, bodies tumed to …in …
Type ..…·…...........…...…........ Section ............ No.. lengthwise, cro吕swise， rest on …
Distance apa此 ....u..…...……. Bd ts No.......… pitch......……… diar ..... threads.
nutted , screwed into girder
Slings No. ......……................ distance apa此 X Sectωn …·… X .......... pins diar.
Slings, attach, to shell ..
Tubes, plate No. of fows ,
F. hole or back
do. ,
Sides,
do.,
Roof,
do. ,
Bo ttom
do. ,
Length
between
Centre
4 5
L
Firegrate dimensions ....……..................… type..
No. plain …………"…·…........
Plain, diar, (out) ..…川............
Stay, diar, (out) .............…...…
Stay, diar, (out) over threads,
Pitch of plain tub凶， V ………
Pitch of stay tubes, V......…….
Type ............…·
Longtl. Searns ....
No. of Fumaces .........
No. of rings in each ..…
Height, foundn , seam to inside of crown plate.. …………..........…·
Crown, arched or flat, riveted to one piece with sides, diar .....…
Plate thickness, front ....…............................. sides saddle..……… crown......
Ra dius of comer of flanges .......….............…. saddle ...........……… crowns …
Ri veting front to sid臼，怠，D.， pitch .............. holds ...................… spacing …
Ri vetin g, saddle to sid臼，怠， D.， pitch......… holds …·………...... spacking ………
Cross stays, No. ..…......... Diar....………. threads..………… nutted , riveted pitch ..…
EASa
s宫
sam
国皂白吨汩~白
PARTICULARS AND DIMENSIONS (Contd.)
CIRCULAR FURNACE, CROWN AND UPTAKE
Length overall, bottom ..………….........……… Width overall, bottom ..…
MV
F叶回ω
〉
.
PARTlCUALRS AND DIMENSIONS (Contd.)
FIREBOX CASING
Parts and materials hereunder ..…
2二 cl
Firegrate dimensions ........................................… Type.
Flat, dished hernispherical, not stayed, not flanged , Diar, (outside …
Ra dious of curvature …comer offlange, fuma四... uptake …largest circle …
Plate thickness, crown .......... orge ring .......... Bolt stay pitch circle, .. .
Attach t., to fumace or ......,.………
to uptake,
Uptake riveting, pitch circle, ........…
pikh..H·H· ……. holes ........ .
Cylindrica l, tapered, flanged … Longtl, seam …Length between:seams,…
........ bottom ........ Li ner not fitted ……
否叫 Thickness，…… Diar， (outside)，怕p
时
w
PARTICULARS AND
. PARTICULARS AND DIMENSIONS (Contd.)
WATER τUBES， HEADERS, BOXES AND SUPERHEATERS
叶CW阴
Maìn tubes No. …......…………
Make …
Oiar, (outside) …… thickness …川Length between headers or plates ....
Pìtch，飞
H.， ..........
0.，..叫c.z. Straight, curved , Li e. …...
Ends expanded beaded belled to ....翩.......……........ in. in.
Downtake tubes, No. .... dìar (outside) … thickness, Length (exposed) …
g
ο
r刘
m
~
运
hereund创...
Headers, No ...... section (outside) ….X ….. thickness ….. solid , welded ,
Staggered or straight, Lie …………·…
No. tubes in each ... ..
Caps round, oval, square, inside, outside, Bolts, Oiar... threads,... nu怡，…
I Mu叫db阳
O侃x凡川，1协
e创咆n咽飞珞
♂th ..……雹
g
H雹.. 缸
知
k
ction (阳
削u
O
州怡刷id梆州峪
e吟吟)，..尸川…
……..….川. χ
汇H….... t
..
I Cr础础骂内b假ox叫O … 货时d叫俯仰叫沁柑W
瞅
协
idd巾e吟创吨)， …
JχX
几
》 m
叫
WCM
m
W叫MWMN
出M〉
thickness,
……… diar, (outside) ….......
curved , Lie ..… 6..........
Ends expanded , beaded belled to ……………. in. in.
Description of superh在ating system ……"
Straigl吭，
Firegrate dimensions,
接
Num加T
I Dimneter I
1ì挪到e
I Material I Bolted to
臼fety
Sa fety
M. 驭。p
A唰 Sωp
Feed
B10w Down i
Scum
Injector
W础r 伊 jNL·· ，....…………攀"川..…仰仰噎 ..u...……………叫…………..…….叫…..… τ椒酣肌吵挝 N
瓶
ι0.....
札
a
…………
.....
咐且
割IE
E
协翩阳怡阳时
r咿
伊也噶骂咐叫10
阳…附
ITe
锵骂t cc
啊屹主 ， OOU怡
:08
然Eαx:ki怒
s …叫……
川..…….…….…
..
………..………..……. 部d
品警e岱$矗b
汩
α咱崎扣沦啻…….…….…
川
..
.川…"川……
旦阳白i 黔曹棚揭删伊uge， τ押伊
e …...……"…......"… d
伽泌r
j
纪
出IP附础s栅 8
E
伊栩
哝
u
ge， M矗敝
椒
k
er
.ι.…………..……….叫叫……
……掏"…..……………叫叩…
.. …籍..…………"川……...…..…….
..
No..… ..……........ … red line 札.........1执
白阿拉r attac地部t type ……......".."…… screw ….........…….. position …………
位 1"附矗椒chm~ttype ……·…....，..........…院rew...............…..阴阳……...................
…....
.. th
τub毒草sNo.
〈已〈梅m
楠k
、·ny
胁m
防
Parts and materìal
DIMENSIONS 阳似
MOUNTINGSAND 茅ITTINGS
make..
Positìon.
Type .........……
DESCRIPTION OF INT览RNAL ECONOMISERS
(J)~毫 IFωib沁 plug.. type..……"……………… ……………"…萨蜡tion ……叫
注 I Blow down elbõw，阳能削……..…."..'"刷刷 pi肘， separa组， oonn耐剧协…­
Ul lc柏 tre
of feed inlet 治…..….................... inchωabove …... on rigl吭， Ieft，. side ...
Feed ap归rants …..…..……"….........…………………….......……....~....................……………"…
A，dditional 阳ings..…….........…….-..........…..川."".....…...…"……………u......…… ....n
CA队CULATIONS
SHELL, BARREL, S. &: W. DRUM, F.C. CRO驯刑， DOME,
M. DRUM RIVETED JOINTS
Cir口nn岳阳1后al
Longi制
}oint
Parts
}oint
Fig. No.
ωd肌al
Fig. No.
(A)
P....D....
P....D...‘ T
NCS
N C5
(B)
(c)
'4
2专
Actual
Rul部
Actual
Rule
Max. Pi tch
Ou terRows
1抗 nerRows
Narrow5衍'ap
Plate %
Rivet %
Combd.
W叫 P陀ssure
4
1∞ (P-
100 (P 血。}
D)
口%
=%
p
P
loo xAxNxCxS, = % I∞ xAxNxCx同 =%
PxTxS
PxTxS
100 (P- 2D)
1盼 xAxCxS
+
=%
P
Px τxS
(t 2) x S x J z 沁雪儿
t…5...}
CxD
Leas章良警萨
sure …Ibs.
叫法
川机副吨抽回段
内容
吨知
h
h时
哈
怒
器
睛5trap
PLATESTIF誓NESS
Back
Front
= lbs.
E沪
t1
Around Manhole
1翩11
S.P. = (t - 1)2 +(t1 _1)2 = lbs.
02
Back End
..........
II-III ………..
III. …………·
IV....
W.P.= (t -1)Z
02
IV-V.... ……………
OverFum昌ces ..
Below Fumaces …m
Manhole …
N1 N 2
丑
1.tB.
匣怦
0
,0
……....x ……… X ………
4
G G1
Toe
Rivet事
F.
B.
F.
III.
B.
F.
11.
IV.
B缅
R
V.
B.
BY GUSSET STAYS FRONT END
8ack
Gu浏ets
Areas
11 …"….
III ……·
IV ……
Vor Mid...
Sq. in.
=
=
11
III
IV
V
由
-
叩
-
GUSSET STAY CALCULATORS
门Om明白n叫
mZ叶
Front
Mid.... ..
骂 Om挡泛们 MumMa
判c
阳
1-1..……..
1-11 ‘......
lI-III ......
II-Apex.
IV-Apex.
IV-V or Mid.
由
11.
III.
IV.
V.
"呻
•
咱
叫
叫
呼
呵
PLATE MARGINS
由…。暴
2
lbs.
ι
。…
W
哇J 一
LEASTPR忘SSURE
M
他… 可
2泛 ms.
N‘
X
N2
N2
X
Al
N~
X
A, X 1.875
N4
X A4
X
1.875
叩
BACKEND
W.P..
3.7 (t 由 1)
.J W.P.
Gu部et
.......叫"川 angles
」
AREAS(A)SUPPO汉.TED
Oimensions
= lbs.
ZC这栩栩MM
〉ZUUF 宫附叫阴N
阳OMH
W.P. 出 {t -1)2
t ......…
咱
。
Gusset Plate, thickness ……….. tons
Front End
器〈器时W〉20 白门口 ozhHOM
均M
〉摇
Di mensions
Hahs
Hh
忌
N
。
D
悟s。注吨吨
知
毒
s
CALCULATIONS (Contd.)
FLAT END PLATES AND GUSSET STAYS (Contd.)
GUSSET STAYS PARTICULARS
CALCULATIONS (Contd.)
FLAT END PLATES AND GUSSET STAYS
=
(G - N2 O2) (t - 2) .037
(G 叫。)
(t - 2) .037
Least Pr销护
sure，…费:>s.
Ins.
CALCULATIO剖S (Contd.)
Least Pressure.
出
υ2
芝 18
rJ<ì
vi
=lnS.
J1}
'IL ……~...
苦:
He仙\gSurface..........….............…........……........…u，...........~……......…...Sq.
Calculations mad~ by ………
on........
calmlationschedMby …..…………
on..................
submitted. on …
......……..………..…...........…………............…………… Ibs.
Approved working pressure ………"……..……………………….. lbs.
Unbalanced Lever ( )
V to F-(Gω 到 L 嚣 ins
Chief Inspe宫tor's
~marks
and
sign墨ture.
m
Ordinary τype Unbalanced (Lever) ( )
= lbs.
[W.P.(A叩V)卜叩v
盯]V 沁 F俐刊
{Gt怡
O 阶L 叩
W.P.xA
lbs.
....
I Cas锐 ng …………
HYDRAULIC TEST REGISTRATION
后 I Valves.…..川...................…山"
SPRING LOADED VALVE
Range of compres悦。n …….. inches. Load compression ………… inches.
L 皿 (AxW丑
iD=
;C
;K=
id=inch四8=
iH=
; W.P.
;A=
W.P. 嚣
ft.
Least pressur敬" that for
iW.P.协.-a)-飞'1
B
DEAD WEIGHT VALVE ( )嚣
~ 1 Plates
Total
80iler Ra ting ...川叫…........….....................
…."........
VtoF 川川
C犀叩
嗣量{
咄
dhv-unr
…
…
iwil
()
jBM
i叩
wmv
1:! -MJ
()
I1 IV ……
……
…{拉)
川 AMA
EWV"
…
W
…阳
m-MW
…&W 一
No. valves each chest …….....
Type.......
Diameter of valve ……Diameter of Neck ..…
Diameter of outlet …·
N惧。
CALCULATIONS (Contd.)
狂EATI部G SURFACE
CALCULATIONS (Contd.)
SAFETY VALVES
LEVER AND WEIGHT VALV缸S
High Steam and Lower Water Type
(A) (8) (c)
Round 脚ction
1 仪附a x d'
Square 距ction
W.P.=
33333 X d3
一一一一=-
.
W.P. 甜
汉时tangle 能ction
16í撒到 8 2 X H2
Pωition of Boiler at t部t.....
8rickwork 川..........L.....................………..........…La剧精………… ..………......................
Condition ofboiler,under …
Condition of boile然 moun出gsunder 恼t ......…..…...........,.…..…..…....
阳ng
Before Test
During Test
r Test
8ul原ng
Permt. Set
事
2
3
4
8
9 10111112113114115
问这§阳在穹汩饱问法军队
a
Boilerpr邸sure ga Ìlge compared with …...……..… on..………….found...
明cmZ〉nmC〉CC同
ZC ∞
DACK
DACK
DACK (38 今1.8日}
REQUISITE AREA OF SAFETY VALV览S
For Sa turated 抵制 m
For Superheated steam
A/ 1.
1.5T \
A=
As= 飞111+ 一一 I
c. P.
可飞
1α)()I
E=
C=
P
A=
AS=
T=
A=
NOTES ON WORKING OF BOILER
80iler is used for ……
Constant, intermittent or seasonal work..…
Is boiler relieved by square boiler ? ....…
How long worked between cleanings ?………...........
Most suitable time for inspèction.
Pump available for hydraulically tes号ngboiler? .
Fe告d water used，如wn weU , surface or jet condenser …Nature of water ……
Fuel used ………….,,".,...…Are prin怯d instructions kept near boiler ?…
P世riod between deanings approved by Inspector ……·……·
Insp配tor ....…………… Date of test ....………........ Test pressure …………..lbs.
Duration of t，制，t .............双ùns. Boiler press田e， gaug'世 No. …….usea忧倒t ..... .
Be foreτ部吉
Du ringTest
After Test
E
g
c
Bulging
Perm t. Set
STEAM-PIPES
PLAN OF
BOIL辈革lSANDMAI黯 STEAM-PIPES
v
H
v
PARTICULA汉S
I I
H
v
Situation ...川"
Ry. Nos. of connected boilers …...........................…...
Main Stea孩争pipes indude …………...............……"
I I
H
v
H
V
N
mONτENO
BACK ENO
S阳时\ posi悦。在 of 伊.uge
AND DIMENSIONS
points
AIBlclol
在慧苦苦捂间总窑汪
民ing
HYDRAULlC TEST REGISTRATION (Contd.)
LEFf HANO
Nos. 1 2 2 4 5 6 7 8 19 10 11 12 13 14 15
Pip仰" rna辛erial........…………………..........……………Daimeter (outside) …......
Pipes, rnaterial thickness ..…………………………… 加s.M在加…….............…
Pip础， rnaterial attad四百ent of flang础…·…… ..
Pip髓>， rnaterial rnade by .......................……................ Installed in …..
Draìnage.................….........................
Pipe, covering …"……H………白............
Provisions for disconn配馁。n fromo趴er boiler
MainSteam ….........……..
Auxy. S极措m ……….......
STEAMT事ST 但EGIST浪ATION)
Inspector …...."...….....ow........………..…..…Date of Test ......…
Approv告d working pr四sure ………….. lbs....….. Test pressure ……..Ibs.........
Inspector' s prωsure gauge …......"…..……Boiler pressure gauge No.
Bo远er connections …....".......u.........…·….... Condition of 缸re .
Fuel u使d ….........……..………..…………如辑ught..‘…
Safety Valve lifted at (均…… ..u …...…. Ibs. 侈}…....... .Ibs. (c) ............ Ibs. …..…
10
14
5
DiffE•
Beginm缸\5.
mJJlS.
主曾nce
rung
mms.
Tímingof 始放………
Heíght of water in glass …
Pressure by Inspector's gauge …..
卧铺sure by Boiler gau伊…
Accumulation of pr部sure， 100 忖=%..….........…… ............hU....……
椒，部fety valves efficiently relieve boiler ?……………………
Condition of boiler under st，制m ……...，..".............…..................
Condition of mountings under steam …
Loading of valves 毒t blowing pre酬lre (A) ........…....…………川川
Loading of val￥制矗t blowing pre础lre (削"……"…........……….."......……….，...……….....
Loading of valvωat blowing pressure (C)………………………………·……·
Ihickness of washers or ferrules …·
F时d pump or injec协，rworked ……"….....
.…叩
Bl沁
owdoσiwn..
….蛐...…..………"臼…..……....…....…....…川"川.川…...
.
Feed delivery ……..
CALCULATIONS
RECORDS OF INSPEcrIONS AND TESTS
First inspection 加side and 0由ideby ……"…"…. 00 …..
First hydraulic 怡然。o
lbs.)......……................…... by ……............ on ……
E到SP军:crOR'S
NOTES
P'ARTICULARS OF BOILER ATl'ENDA搅TS
Grade
I
Narne
I
No. and Y础。f Certificate
I
。在怡。f 后mplo归恕民主
W秘密f 伊u伊 tested ………
Attendant ....
Umit ofl侃d on safety valves to be entered in Certificate …………………... .....~.
Boil桔r
屈
、4
FORM 11
INSPECfING AUTHORITIES CERTIFICATE OF INSPECTION
DURING CONSTRUCTION
[Regulation 4 (c) (1)]
Designation of Inspecting
Au曲。rity
FORM I1-A
g
INSPECfING AUTHORmES CERTIFICATE OF INSPECfION
DURING ∞
CONS宫幻盯
τTRI
即
肌UCασTIONI剧
R
NRE囚SPEC
口rOF A BOILE
皿
ERMADE'
盯盯
TO
0
FOREIGN CODE FOR EXPORT.
[Regulation 3A]
We hereby 但rti句， that 出e ….........… type， boilers; length ............… feet
. inches; diameter, .........…… feet ................ inches; working pr四sure;
... lbs. built by Messrs ................ at ........…… under shop. Nw巾er.......f..……
was constructed under our supervision and inspected at various stages of
construction by 出e Inspecting Officer and 由atthe ∞nstruction and workmanship
were satisfactory and in aα'OI由nce with the Standard Conditions for the design
and construction of land boilers under the Indian Boilers Act, 1923.
The boiler is stamped on
hereunder:-
tqe 仕ont
end plate with our stamp as shown
Maker's Name …… …… …… …… ..Y
，阳闺r时
ofM
蛐ak阳
eιιιι
…. .… … . … . … . …. .
Worksnumber..….................. Tested to......….......lbs..…...........on..…"…..
W.P. ..........lbs. Insp配由\gOffi白白 or Ins严ctingAuthοrity's Official 5恒mp.
The boiler on completion w
subjected toa waterpressure tests of ……lbs.
rum and headers were
per square inch in 出epr臼ence of the Inspecting Of自由ron................19..…............
and satisfactorily withst∞ d the 怡st.
"Sa mples of materials used in the constructions of 出e boiler were tested in
thepre田\ceof 出le Inspecting Offi四 r and found to ∞mplywi白白e requirements.
Al I welded seams were subjectedωphysical tests and radiographic exanination
wherever applicable and found sa创sfactory.
Note: Strike off 出is paragraph where no such tests has been carried out and
the certificate in Form IV by a Well-known Maker is intended ωbe
fumished.
Signature of Inspecting Authority
Dated at ...........….. this ................ day of ................ 19....
"Strike out which is not applicable.
Inspecting Autho向
We hereby ~erti句， that the..….................... t;ype boilers; len，刷、..................
diameter ................................... working pressure ............................…… built by
Messrs........………二.................…四\der Shop No. ........................… was construèted
under our supervfsion and insp配ted at various stag臼 at construction by the
Inspecting Offi四r! and 出at 由e design, construction and workmanship were
satisfactory and iri every respect in accordan四川出叫"……"……............. Code
Sp配ification. The boiler is stamped 画 under:
The boiler on comple创on was tested to ....………画出e presence of the
Inspecting Offi四ron ..…........... and it satisfactorily withst∞d 由e test. Details of
tes也 and ins严ctions are fumished with 出is 由此ificate.
We have satisfied ourselves 出at 出e design, construction and dimensions
of the boiler are as shown in the Maker's Drawing No. …............. approved and
signed by us, anq that the partiαuars entered in the Maker's Certificate of
manufacture are correct to the best of our knowledge and belief. Maker's
certificate, signect~y them and coun饱r-signedby 田，画叫uired by the .
Code/Specificatio吁， is enclosed.
Signature of Inspecting Au出ority
EAS喃喃田。队
EESaM
E可M
叫
We have satisfied ourselves 出at the construction and dimensions of the
boiler are as shown in the Maker's Drawing No. ........… ....signed byu占i， and 出at
the particulars entered in 出e Maker's certificate of manufacture in Form III
countersigned by us, are correct to the best of our knowledge and belief.
日创伊ation of the
FORM II.B
INSPECTING AUT罚。RITY CERTIFICATE OF INSPECTION
DURING CO剖 STRUCTION OF BOILERS FOR WHICH VARIA唰
τIONS FROM STANDA汉D CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN PERMITTED
[R然凯lla位。然 4位) (1) Note]
D础i伊lation of Inspecting A的hority
We hereby
cer拔fy
that the …….. type boilers
FORM.III
WORKSADDRESS
Constmctor's Certificate of Manufaclurer and Test
[Regula位on
1.
0制crip创on
Oate at ……叫......…. this …川.......... day of ………"…..19
"5trike
out which is ll0t 在pplicable.
变
E
…
for /Stock purposes ……………哇
g.
hereunder:一
Signature of Inspecting Authority
§
Contract No. ...............................;....................................去F
Type of Boiler …...........…..……..…… 1及到.gth overall
Diameter inside La rgest belt ...……..…叫.........…………i%
Desi悖1 pressure ………·…………………… lbs/sq. Ìn.
Intended working pressure ……………. Ibs./吨. in.
Shop Number of boiler ..……
Year of Manufacture ..…
Total heating surface ………………...……….. Sq.比
Final Temperature of steam (0创恻…..........…..… O
时f
Grate 缸
a re
创a ..……..…….……...…..川…......…"……...…....…H…叫…"…….……‘
Brief des挺cription飞 ofboiler …"…..………...~.
Evaporation capacity ............................ .
(for calculation of relieving capacity of sa 旬 ty valves)
....workingpr回sure ………… builtby M础SI事.………… at …............ under
Shop Number ................ was constructed under our supervision 和dins伊cted at
various stages.of co那truction by th带 Inspecting 0姐cer， and 出at the design,
construction and workmanship were satisfactory and in accordance with the
variations f~om thè standard conditions laid down in the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950, ifor material (必然gn and construction features have been permitted
by 由e Boa~d of Inspecting Authority under the Indian Boilers act, 1923.
The Boiler is stamped on the front end plate with our stamp as shown
Note: Strike off this paragr"ph where no SI主ch test has been carried out 击ndthe
cer瞅臼除 in Form IVi by a Well精KnownMa挝r is intended to be 如rnished.
We have satisfied ourselves that 出e constructions and dim四sions ofthe
boilera扫描 shown in the Maker's Orawing No. …............ signed by us and that
the parHculars entered 胎出e Maker's certificate of manufacture in Form III
countersigned by us, areωrrect to the best of our knowl陆dge and belief. Particulars
of variations from the standard conditions laid down in the said regulations as
permitted by the Board of Inspecting Authority are enclosed.
。邸灿dor's Name and 副部·
M在 riufacturéd
len伊1 …H….. diamet衍
Maker's Name ………… Year of Make ........…… Works Number .............…
Tested to …..........….on ………... W.P.Inspec伽19 Officer's or Inspec自19 Authority's
official stamp.
The boiler on ωmpletion _____ __.1..:
bjec怡 d to a were tested in the presence
The drum and header were
of Inspecting Officer and fOUt ld lnspecting 0脱出ron....……… 19 ….........…..and
satisfactorily withstood the te呱
笔amplesofma去erials used in 始le conslruction of th牵 boiler were t部ted in
th廷 pre促nce of the Inspec如g Officer and found to ∞mply with the r，吨uirem四ts.
All welded searns were s呻iect创始 physical tests and radiographic ex在min器 tion
wherever applìcable 器时 found satisfactory.
4(c) (III)]
h叫
2. Parts manufactured
at the contractor' s
works
Name of Part(s) …………........…………..
Description ……....."..........………叫....................…………......
Leading dimensions ……..................……..……
Manufactured by ……………...."……… …………·
Identification marks ………..…"..........………..…..……·
Part(s) manufactured, inspected at all stages of construction by …………………… (Insp时tion Authority).
H
Certifica恼 fur摇shed(Contr础。r's/S栅~I Ma汩r'sand
Ins严ctingA磁hority's etc.) …..……叫………………
Part俘 hydraulicalIy 憾ted and intemally i附p倒ed
after test by....…………………….................../.
3.
Par沁 manufactured
outside the
constructor's works
Name of Parts例"……………………............…..................
Description ..……..........~~...
Leading dimensions …………………
Manufactured by …...
Identification marks …...........…..............……...........
, Parts (s) mariufa ctw'ed, inspecting at all stages of
'construction by ..................… (Insp创怕19 Authority).
Certificates furnished (Contract啊'sSteel maker' sand
Insp配ting Authority's etc.)...
h叫s) hydraulically 阳
I ted and intemally ins伊cted
after test by …....................……………·………..........,......…
No始:嗣.Iar 协rina阳 isωbe
Contrac怡r's Works.
furnished
for 翩而 manufactured outside 阳出
、。
4.Con雷捡回ction
(a)Riv牵ted/composite construction shells/drums/Miniature Boilers: The
础lS帕K刽onis肌 aα::ordano带 with Chapt町嚣/XJ.V c浮出e如d坦n BoilerR喀ula位朋­
Nun也er of longitudinal seams 泌 sheU/drum in each be抵…
Number of longitudinal seams in 缸maωinead在对ng …………....………
Number of circumferential seams 部 shell/drum ………
{肌cluding end seams)
-
Boiler parts an4 卢ttings
5.Ma始rial Manufac烛re
黯vet
Plates
Bars
Tub制
Tubes
Girders
Tubes
80x臼
Headers
E知aders
Manhole fran栅
M缸lholed∞军事
Numberof 出口m由rential 栩栩lS inshell …"………"…"………"
Numberofci民umfer昭然alse部附 infumaoe ………"………………川
Marlhole
Dètails of r，呼延r嚣"if any，创rried out to welded seams during 棚lS恼创on..
Detailsofh础t 阳西栩栩七.
段。由oled∞.rs
A渥 welded seams were sul:咱ected 协 radiographic examination 恰如隔.tisfacti∞
Stand bl悦~
with
Stand pipes :
ChapterXof 位\e Indian 刷1假如跻也 tions， 19览
Num加roflongitu必nalseams 部 shell …
Stop valve cb四ts
Nut协erofcirαunfere拽出lse，部加位tclu曲tgend 传ams) ……"…叫… ..
Safety
挠沁t瞅
E
硝远sofre
a
叩
p忍rs
凯哩孔， 迁
ifa
胆
町
n
E哼
yca酣时 o
盼
1始革uω:oweldeds
盼骨挝蚓羽础
sd
归
u血由1嗨
gα
倒
x
.
阳沁汹t必
E
ail沁sofh锦tt位rea
础挝nen役t ……….....………..……..….......…
All welded seams w栅 su闵昭ed toradiographicexam凶ation to the sa融faction
valve 出部ts
Feed valve ch础ts
Blow downv
晶
alv
跚
e
ofthelnsp配加g
(e) Fumace seam•Th e longitud恼al 串eamsa
5
801ts
single/double riveted/welded.
Rivet holesare …… ........u 必ameter andnumber 格…...u.."........-… perpitchof…....
衍将 sheU end seams are …..…..……. Jointed 翻划伽gle/ double rivet时/附~lded.
汉ivet holes are ………..d泌meter 础tdnumber..……..........pe曾 pitd在 of.....…"…
胁饭ils of seams 88 in dr班wingNo...…..……..…...........…"...…·……............…….......
All welded 钝amsw缸时ubjected to Radi句~phic 翻翻丽na创佣始出esatisfaction
of the Inspec恼怒 Authority， were r叫凶red.
(b)岱'\eU type boilersof welded COI脚时阳F 扭黯阳脚uctionis in ac郑州ancewi航
Chapter xn of 出e Ind恼\ Boiler Regl血tiOriS.
NÙJ统，beroflon~萨tudinal seams in she植 ineac量在 belt ………………………u_.
Number of longitud凶alseams 恤 fumac暗……....……………..."…………………"
of 伽e InSpeC阳g Authority.
Rema放s
Angles
The circumf剧ntialsei部宣布灿ing 加gs of sheUare ………………·… JOinted 四d
De被ils ofheat 挝誓~atm创始…‘…
Allwel岱dsear附 weresu问ected toradi咽'aphic examination 怡加 sati...faction
In句附ting
Stay bars
D睡极ilsofheat 协atm四t....…………~....
The long阳d如al seams are welded/riveted andhave ………..…..…..…… m隅。f
rivets in inside s位'apand ……………..lOW嚣 ofrive企事 inoutsides技'ap.
Rivet holes are ……..川 diame柑 andnun归r …..…..… perpit出 of...
Buttstra归 out 段。mpla棚 andbenttor吨咄咄 αl1'Vah且附部…
Authority, where requir叫.
(d) Fusion welded and s础mless 加伊ddrumsof 阴阳灿.be boilers-…The 即陋·
truction is in aα:ordanoe with Chap始rVoftheln必an BoilersR喀叫础脯， 1950.
Number of longitudinal 钝创阳 inea你出\g ……"
Number of circumferential seams. ‘
Details of rep础5， ifany， α酣睡。"协部àmsd回ngco即truction .
必如ke
Plates
Number òf circumferential seams in 蚀'\e fuma，ω ‘
如瞅s of repairs, if any, carried 创 t in welded seams du对啤 ωm加ction …..鹏
∞附加磁m 汹汹 aαordanoe
Smelter
。庐cer
…..
of the Inspetting Authority, where req岱red.
(c) Fusion welded Elec位ode Boiler萨- The
Matn税1
Blow down elbow pipe
Water 伊uge!mountings
N时e:
Under
....
5.
s.
3
剧
。
"Material" 叫咿inst 叩阿邮町 "Steel Simens M叫苦
句帕 协H
加§知加
佣
e
a此巾
h 矗d
创
d(伽
愣，rbas
ο
浏
i均吩仰
伊
p
r附ss"
旷
飞 气哨
H
价附
N
ro
伽
叭u
o
啪
凶I增帧梆#拚梆
1吠t口削
Iron
矶
m
创
氏
'n
1兀， Brand …………….町…..………{晴叫叫…..……..…..
，吃
'Ca
蚓
就tS怡阳
s
el 雪轩宫倪e
酬窜锦
s 飞………..…….e
眈
t饺
c协A
础
创t忧附
e
c.， andund盯 M汉梅
ema
盯
rks"
旷嚣矿旷"飞"
a brief explanà帽
锐阳
帧，
o
n of句
pro
呻
伽
φ
臼ο
s
仙fma
，附
E隙aJ\黠1 巾c
阳
t饥础革泣
tur
栩E哩 w
附
he
棚
ren酣s
圳础董哼
ye
附
w
el协
巾
d
旷
ed"
矿旷，
d
H，， 咄rlid
挝.d Pr
附倒s
豁
ed"， 栩ted
础
db
均
yM
协
ake
础
路
r
s ..………
川…....………
H
川.树.
.. 加
1bs. 仰
Pe
町r 吨 i烛
则
n
che
惚饺辄.
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L
罢
Tensik Elon
…·
$md由2hdsme恒qparw I&.~ts
S仿曹饵"
PII对 ofBoiler
gIma协必"
&No.
。"
p副e
to%
to 伽ns
ter in
切ches
主
6.τhickness of Pl融s etc. and 梗阻ile
协t; Limits Cylindr安.cal sh甜 P1a始S
SheJ1
伽
8在ztatznstraakEwESaW 阮ums
WTwU回mbep回pp理tea置?恒phk。悔也』 。但.)
Tube platε(2)
Wrapperp1a险。)
2
3
4
1
C也ugh
诏官 Bnmd
5
6
Sllell 四dp1a毒e
and drwn Heads
Front end shell
Front end shetl s部am and water drwn (1)
Front end shell stea宿在 andwa也r drwn (2)
Front end shell steam and wa枪rdrwn (3)
Front end shell Mud drwn (1)
Front end shell Mud drwn (2)
Front end shell Mud drwn (3)
8ackend sl时l
Back 四d sheUS始am and water drwn (1)
8ack end shell Steam and water drwn (2)
8ackend 如往如am 脑d water drwn (3)
Back 四d 由ellMuddrwn 仰
8ack end shell Mud drwn 仰
8ack end shell Mud drwn (3) .
g在ellαown
Oome 创l.d
Saddle
Doubling plate back
4
5
6
and fire 阻伊附d plates
Furnace circular (plain)
Furnace circular
Fumace circular (Corruga怯d)
Fire box crown
Fire box side
Fire box 加，nt
Fire box h.必e
Uptake
Smokebox h.必e
Com. Chbr. wrapper
Co肌Chbr. back
宝安ßCKN蓝SS OF PLATES ETC. AND T量民SILE TEST LIMITS
1
2
3
4
S
6
Tubes
Cross h.戏规章
Snω如 Tub回(p1ain)
Smoke 汩汩s
(Stay)
Wa怡r h.Jbes 徊。阳>m or
front bank)
(top or rear bank)
8a1ancer 汩汩i!S (Steam)
8alancer 阳:bes (Water)
Water 相加s
Superheater h.Jb幅
Superheater h.JbeS
Superh回牵er h.Jb础
Water wall h.戏剧
Water wall h.Jb臼
Inl始gral Economiser tu加s
and Sectional Header嚣 Cross Box制
Sectional header事
Water wall headers (1)
W在毒er wall headers (2)
Wa怡r wall headers (3)
W在terw辑II headers 盼
Water wall headers (5)
Water wall headers 份
Inte萨al Economiser headers (1)
In始gral Economiser header事 (2)
H倒也rs
U品
W
NM
FDMo由b1oiaxgcapslian怡g fsriodnets
3
Flan萨d
Tubep1a挫 (3)
Cylindrical sheU P1ates
8arrel
Fire boxc撞到ng crown Oome
Mud of bottom drwn 仰
Mud ofbo阳ndn肌肉
Mud of bottom drwn (3)
2
问这登出急玲寄电告恶毒
?现协
lndi.an Boiler Regulations
262
'w'bs
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iiiiiiiiiioB
号;
333;3333iiziiEiiizii iiziiiiii ii33
zse 军 sg
No.
HeJUl orend
HydrostaTh ickness
tic test
5ha严
in 32nds in. Ibs./sq. in.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Water Wall
Headers
Integral
Superh四ters
Valve Body:
Material......…·
句回ing at neck..…
句回ing at outlet …
Springs …...........……..........…
Material …
Pr，α:ess of manufacture …
1
2
3
4
5
6
Headers
Bo胆S
1
2
3
4
Chemi臼lcompωition....
9. Tubes
51.
No.
Th ickness in
l00ths in.
Outside Dia-
Nomenclature
meter in indres
1. Cross tubes
2. Smoke tubes (Plain)
3. Smoke Tubes (S恼y)
4.
旦
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Wa阳 Tubesφottom
or front bank)
tubes (rear orωP bank)
Balancer tubes (Steam)
Balan回!r tubes (Wa恒。
Water
Superhe创ertubes
10. Mountings
必仿terial
Nomenclature
Dimensions :
Outside diameter of coiI …
Section of wire .....................:................,.
Number of coils.......
Freelen阱 of coils..…
Test results :
Place of 怡st ............….........…... Date..
Closing down press田e …..
Superh回ter tubes
Water wall tubes
11. Integral economiser tubω
No.
11. DetaiIs of the safety valves and test results.
Manufaclurer …........…
Identifi臼tion marks of valves...
Maker'sNo. .
Type......................…
Life (m) .................….... Drawings Nos.
Valves details :
Material................
Valve Seat.......…..
Flat/ Bevel..…·
Diameter of valve seating ....................……-
1
2
Econoriü阳 h回ders
Mud
Th ickness
in 32nd in.
田。专章时足在宫"
5iuand
shape
Eas
8. Headers and Boxes
Type
No.
5iu
Remarks :
Does the valve cha民:er? ..J
Does the valve seat leak? ..
Blow off pressure …
Type of valve and extract of test results ……..
Type of valve .
Place of 怡st ....................…........ date.........
Constant 'C' by test results ...... .
Capacity of the valve for the intended blow off pressure.
1. Main stop valve
Signature of Maker's
2.Auxiliavraylvsetosp valve$
3. Sa fety valves
(a)
repr，四entative
(b)
(c)
4. Blow down valves
5. Feed Check valves
I
INSPECTION AUTHORITY
witnessing tests
12. Cerijfied that the pa叫α'ùars entered herein in ,manuscript by us are
correct and that parts and fittings in sections 2 to 11 , against the names of which
entries are made, have been used in the ∞nstruction and fittings of the boiler.
N
~
lndian Boiler Regulations
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§
FORMm-B
CERτ哑::JCATE
OF MANUFACTURE AND TEST
但啼ula馁。iI\
4 (f)J
Maker's Name....
阻挡iign Pre晒ure....…H…………....川
Design Temperature ......
0
Tensile s加ngthat 20 C
军
Where,
if
Et 坦 Yield point at 枪m严rature (0.2% proof s阳ss).
主
咐= Averages阳s to produce an elongation of 1% (CJ.1叫) in 1∞，000
豆
hours at the vario四 wor恼:ng metal tempera饥U'es.
~
吨，r = Average and low创由倒 topr仙lce rupture in 100,000 hours at A(;
由e variòus working metal 怡mperatur附.飞E
iS"
TempE!rature ran伊扭曲e table may extend upto the limit of applicability
MATERIAL
manufacture ……........…
Fu1ly kiUed/rimmed..
prα卫部 of
H
。lemi值1 ∞mp铺翩。n..…·………..…
ofthem貌怡riaI.
pnx宠ss of 11也nufactu挫……叫叫................………………......
Main dÏII阳在sions.…....................……………………"
Toleranæs....……………………………………........
TeJ.fsile s位'etlg也………………............………
黯ongation pen:注重lt事ge …………H
8回事d 怡然…......................…......ω
Flat抽血g 始st ………..………………
Ctushirtg 怯st.......………………川川叫"…·
Flare 始创…........………………....................川
sc
在，e value of
and Sr need be fumished only in respect of Pipes !Tubes
intended to be u部d forwor挝啤 metal temperature above 础4吃 (850吭
Certifi础役时也epa成iculars 臼tered herein 撞re
Flange 始st …"… m …叫.......
have been 孩稳nufactured 毛o comply wi血泊.e Indian Boiler
for a maximum working pressure of ......….... and 辑翻拟imum
temperature of ……… at our works a加venamed 础d satisfactorily wi役时∞d
a water 怡然 of …..........ontt岭….......... dayof ………..19........., in 锁在ep'"辅ence
of our respónsible representativ四 whose signature is ap伊'nded hereunder.
Ma ker's R叩re册ntative.
(Nameand Si伊18tur份
Maker ………….....
We have 倒ti嚣的ed ourselves tt.a t the tubes have been constructed in
accoroan册 withChap阳 11. The tests conducted on 血e 嗣mples taken from the
自rushed ru加s have been wim白酶d by us and the particulars entered herein are
correct.
Bulging 饵st and dri阳ng test (for copper and brass) .......
Head treatment ....……....……川
Hydraulic 恒st ..........
Date ….............
Nameand S敏m切reofln柳cting Authority.
Note: 仰刊协 form
up协"c
Sr
及到B
325 350 375 400
in烟lded 始 the
such oft加
bo也阳be manufacturers and tube
or paragrap恼伪at are app虹.cable， or
use 01
col也nns
以furma加，n 彼时岱n beobt翻edand 也rnished 加m otherce放浪ca棚，泯衍d
加必lli烛。ren制时 in
(2) In
this funn.
made from h如s pipes ob始ined 加重秘密沁ew加陀，
to the NmateriaI" and U忽如扩 shallbe ta灿然如.ms烛lÌ1ar
fonnsolc黯此ificat撼。>bt酣睡 inres严ct of pipes and noted in the app宜。抖的e
columns or para伊涌phs.
the 侃衍。，f fabrica馁。ns
p硝icuJa军事极 regard
位5
In theca盹 of rubes made from steel, made and tested by weU也nownSteel
makers in India or other cbuntries listed in Appendix 'G' particulars regarding
姐由le
colurnns ο
时
rpara荡伊
ra
叩
phs
肌
i nt
仙
hi始
s U啤
吐耐i且C
俑溢时te'
旷
11
cert
N趴川
sc
250 275
is
fabricators. 伽üy
Nole: In addition, the full(刑汩g 肌furma撼。nin 附pectof 秘密则始rialsha延民位rnished
ina 始bular fonn in ∞!nfonnity with 位\e re叩血ements of regulation 剑。树。f 枝花
Noteth臼胁， as the case may be.ηùs 恼funn硝棚 may be given from 舱
ωtablished 怖主 data orif 出ema始往al is ofs脑n咿 rdq础lity，矗S 硅xtrac苦恼mthe
standard may be 位rnis捡到过栩栩d.
Et
......川
Place
rab双臂
correct.
R喀ulations
8end test on weld ..........…..…..…..……·…..................
Metal
阳
在，e 始放到s
TUBES
加叩e-
õ'
;:s
FORM II1-D
CERTIFICATE OF MANUFACTURE AND
FORM II1-C
CERTIFlCAT脏 OF MANUFACTURE AND TEST OF BOILER
MOUNTINGS AND FIγfINGS
(Regula创on 3269)
Maker's name and 创a d柑dr归'eS鹅$ …….…….……蝇……帽 …….…….……….. ……….叫.......
ln始nded working pr，叙;sure ……………….kg./crn2 ....……..-……m…… (lb./sq.inch)
Hydraulic test pressure 川………………..(kg/αn2) ……………....... (lb./sq.inch)
Main dirnensions ………………………·………………….....……
Drawing Nos. .
ldentifica划。n 沁farks ..,
Chemical composi悦。戏....……................……………………...…
Physical 棚t results …
(i) tensile s悦ngth......黛.....................……..........….........…..….
(ii) transver辅 bend 恼仁.....~..............................................
。ìì) elonga创on ……叫..........…-
that the pa耐α.dars entered herein by us are corr时乞
The part has b<<础_d部igned and cons肌lC始dto ∞mply with the Indian
y
Boiler Regulations for a working pressure of ………….. and 璐
sa
硝锐融
s缸dαril坊
wi议th
挝
st，ω3
阳创站
d a hydra
矗u
喝li祀
c 怡$刽t1础
2撼蛊汹gwat始
啊
e
ro
时rk
协
ero饵附 o
田ranyo伽e
倪
'rsu
回i恤bl怡
eli坞
quωid
Ce附加d
appended
We have 铀tisfied ourselv，制 that the valve/fitting has been ωnstructed
..and t创ted in a倪。rdance with the requirem阳.tsof 也e Indian Boiler R咆ula砾。n，
19即. We further certify that the pa叫C乱dar将 en始red herein are co段时t. .
Nameand si伊ature of 伽e Insp阳也19
Note:
ln 脚 case of valve d阳重 madeand 柿ted by wen巾，。唰在Foundr捕。r Fo鸣声骂
附刀伊始edby 加 Centr暗I Boilers Board in tI喜牵制nner as Iaid down in 吨阴险制ns
4A阳:>4仪， particul措施"伊rding 伽em矗毒erïal asα贸tified by them in any fonn
shan be noted 豁出e appropria怯 oolumnsor 严附锣商phsin the ce弱fìcate aJ\I量 in
case of cert琐创阳加m well也lOwn Foundries or Forges is produced，相ch
certioo脚 maybeaαepted in lieu of 校\e C坦rtifica能 from 阳等恕俑onau貌10rity in 50
far as ít rela梅毒o thet酬放可;; of material 咿配îfìed in 位淤京onn.
.~接rike 创Jt
which is not applicable.
Modeofm
吉衍mnufad量1由lre
豆警巳巳'e……
l晴川.川.
..叫叫
..
E挝
de
四
n蜕缸2沮ilt隧ionm鑫战S ….....…….阳*………树…"…….川......…..………….………...……..……….…….…….…栩
..
Bend 梅毒。nweld 叫"…."........…..................................
Flare加仁..........…….，.
F1attening test ........……............
Drif法始st ………..........
在
T
ens
削ìl怡
e 蜘圳例1 ………
………..川….川川………
H
川…..川…..山..………
.. ..………...
Cω
阳h
均
i兹n
咱拙崎
伊
g飞 恼脱队
t仁七.呐…………..……….川………
……..…...斗.
..
Heat 挝@回
a 衍怕宫回E比
t仁………
....忡.勘..………唰"
Flange test ………叫.......... .
Final hydraulic t叫........…………………..…..…..… ..
Non-d向而…叫"ω…
.
C叫"叫锁\e. particulars en时协础 are ∞rrect.
R嘲翩。nsatour 例如加，ve
Nameand Si伊ature of the Ins}>'然椒\gAu由ority
,
Toleran册S ….....…斗
The part ha~ been manufactured to comply wi也 the Indian Boiler
named and sa始由ctorily withstood a ，
w附
a怡阳
r 阳制t
Offi俯rwhowitnes段d the 梅毒队
Da协......…… 19.....
Certificate No. …....,.t".....…………………"
。骗te of Manufacturé ………………·
NameofPart …………………"……………………
Maker's Name andaddre部…..…..…..
Code of Manufa抽取/均创加 tio批…..…..…..….........…..…..…..…................
Material
HeatNo.........…·
PJ:\创:ess of manufacture ……·
Fully killed/rimm~/semi killed ………………………....……
Chemical composi tÍon ….........…………………………………..…..…..………
Pipes
Main dimensions …………..…..………...........….........………...........................…
胁
B
en
挝
dTi制t仁.……..…..…
..……..叫..叫..…….斗…….…….…….…….…….……................
h斜阳nder.
Signature of Maker's representative ....……………·…
Signa如re of In年前ting Officer who wi始创sed the 袖，t......
Da串eat …….....................，........…......... thedayof..……….......…........….......19....
Si伊lature and 眼al of InspE时ing Authority …
Place ….........
Da te .............. .
Maker's Representative
(Nameand Si伊战始时
M矗抽出……..…........
凹a创……...
T院ST
lR喀1且la创on 剑。1
Nameofpar
价t
Eoa pr
怡
陀
'es
豁
sure
曹 of …
ofou
町
r 陀$严x
那毛s
刽i池b
剖
削I怡
er叩陀$锢
ent怡
ativl
四
ewh惆es
创ign隙毗
创t饥E应
a
m
弩 is
~式
,
of..……"….川….
of our r，ωp
归。R
陋
si伽b
训
削l始
e re
叩
pr础ent始
at锐ivewh在恼es
剑i伊m恒re
较 i沁
5a
叩
pp
归
er时毛世
ded hereunder.
M尬的 R叩'resen叫t肌
(Name and
sign向e)
M撞 ker …............. ..
虱.
§§
E掣
P
穹
盹脚 h
N
川阳…
ec
叫
拇
a
浏
s
棚叫
川
e
盯
o
叫
f阳m
叫时础
巾&加阳'O
e
棚…
'm
r叫锦幌叫ea
削
时
n1叫
白
ω
忖阳…
d
棚
α
…
喇叫
r砖
剖i耐叫
t
协k
如阳恕酬附肌 h
网
仲汩川
d
oro脚阳
r ∞削呻衍恼"p
阴融耐Eα
呻‘
幽革
ul
融
d
1梳
a彷阳E嘲时咖阳吨
g 位阳
w
盼\e 'rna
阳沁剧
阳a州
d
l' aω硝ed
恙
Ê
均
b
y 由础{彻恕阳
础
a
町
n
yfl
伽
onn
耐}命阳
allb
怡
e 附tedir
汹茸旅鼠阳草惚
.eappro冈州时四恼。rpara伊phs in
lir.
仙isω磁自创始.
送
?
FORMm-E
CERTIFICATE OF MANUFACTUR.E AND TEST
[Regulation 4(f)]
Maker's Name ......……………..........…..............…..................川.........…..........…..…..…...
(Regulations 73 to 80 or 81 to 85 崎 appli臼ble)
二
。rtificate No. ..…………...…………………H……ι………................川~
NaD'隙 of
Part..
、
........
Draw趴:gN栅...........…...…..…..........….........……..叫川………………
… . … … …. … …. … …. … . 叫.，… … "… . … … …. … …. … …. … … …. … …. … …. 叫…..
H
叫…………‘削叫…….，川……
… . 川… . ..
叫…‘嗣…..…………
川…
……..川…………
M
………缎叫…….川川..
..
H础tNo. …............................
1挝
白
d
i沁
e时i泊启C
俯蔬锐佣Ma盯
泳
r
ks .~
Fully killed/rimmed/semi 挝lled ……………"…..…………叫
Chemi但Icomposi挝on.....………….............…..…...........…......……………
Tubes
pr仪烹55 of manufacture …..…
Main dimensions ..... .
Tensile s加鸣曲"……­
Transverse bend test .".,
{飞成功 Elongation …
Ce州fied that t'he particulars en阳'ed herein by 山 arecorr配tη甘ssa创sfies
the requirements of Iqdian Boiler Regula tions, 1950.
(v)
(vi)
Maker's Representative
Toleranc部………………...................
Monograml
Seal
(Name and signature)
stren阱品.......属.................…
克longation per臼n饱ge ……………………….....………………………γ…...........
Makers.
FORMIV
S军警ELMAK椒，'SCERτIFICATE OFMANUFACfUR毒 AND RESULTS OFT部四
[Ri帘i1ation 4(c) (ìv) &:俐}
of rolling D'对延………… H
We hereby c时fyth矗t the material d倒时协d belowhas been made by
孩end test....…·……………………………
D四ignation
Flat将延ngtest ……..……….........................…
Crushing test ....……………………
M/s..……...by 校1ι"…....... PfO(黯s， aspers如cifications ….....……..…… androlled
Flare 能st....……二
by … andh附加en satisfactorily te幽d in the presence of our Test House Mana幡
gerorhisr叩re隙n组tive in accordance with the stip叫ated tests and tolerances.
For gothic barsl缸alps， billets and hot rolled strips which are to be pr()(础sed
furtherby 仙esamemam血cturer for making tub倒Ipi萨施，也ephysi咀lproper创栅
are not required to be mentioned by the st册1 manufàcturer.
Signature of Initials,
Test House Manager
Flange test …........
Bond test on weld ...... ..
Bu1ging test and dri揄命阳舶恤
i垃n
昭
讪1嗯
g 怡阳$创t (fl
阳
oro
∞
叩
O
仰
p
肘e
p
配
阳r and bra
幽
臼
s
s).…… .'山… . … …. … .刷"… … . ….1呻…巾叩刷..川.…刷川.山…
.
Heatt
位
reat衍m
宜ne
臼n吐t..
…
Hydraulic test …
。在始
examination ………
Ce磁垒.ed 也at
the pa州耐脚础毛ered herein are corr硝搞
been m蔬nufactured to COD'可ply with the Indian Boiler
at our works above 削medártd satisfactorily withstood 提 water test
of ……………. on the ….................d呵。f ……………..19 ……..in 位te presence
of oui 11倒po阳ible representative yvhose si阴阳e is appended ~reunder.
Not量
Inth在 case of tubes made fm部1 steel, made and ce汹如dbytheW础唰韧。附lS始e1
Mak回事 in India or other countrie喔， particulars re伊nting 蜂"、18品erial' 串sce此ü赔d
by 往lem (ifanyfi部吩 sbaU
段也仅rt延k罩始
jgg
be notedin the a即ropriate columns or para叙事phsin
切
函
ZS
回
。
Boiler Number ...
RESULTS OFTESTS
Size of plate and bar
』
Lω
b.o
Maker 川
J
ζb-derNu放松r.........
Date o( tests ………… 19 ………
Ordered by..…………
τ专le Tub臼 have
b伊lation
Maker's Representative
(Name and signature)
帕
岱础瞅草M ∞仰
m附阳……...…………….卢………..………
…….……...………….川……..川….嗣….川.………….川…..…………制……..川…………..………
..
..
……..….川.
路'hy
P
抖嚣悦ical
础础1 沁阳制$创tre
附$峭
剑lt始
u
s ………...……….……
叩…
H
.….臼.....
.
Manufacture..…
No孙cons位uotive
牛
Main dïmensions .
据墨terial
Tensi1e
:r
黠
Maker's nameand à.d由四"
Code of Manufacturel句ecifica挝ons.
Proc倒 of
•. FORM lß-F
CERTlFICATEOFM剧UFAcruREANDTEST OF CASTlNGS AND FORGINGS
~
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Z
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iii 3;
叫
•n
g
'ACB
U
analysis ………………..…..……..…..………………,......................."......,..........
京
可
lndian Boiler Regulations
268
辛茹苦主军
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22
-233
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3. Construction
and
Workmanship
FORMVII
INSPECfING AUTHORITY'S CERTIFICATE OF INSPECTION UNDER
CONSTRUCTION DESIGNATION OF INSPECTION AUTHORITY
[Regu1ation 501 (e)]
We hereby 四rtify that ........ type, ........ Economiser, consisting of ....... .
sections and tubes to each section was constructed for a working pressure of ....... .
lbs. Messrs ........ under our supervision and insp配ted at various stages of
∞nstruction by the Inspecting Of自由r and that the constructionand workmanship
were satisfactory and in accordan，四 with the standard conditionS for the design
and construction Qf Econon咀ser laid down in Chapter XI of the Indian Boiler
Regulations, 1950.
Identification Mark on each 皿ction.
8ranch Pipe on other pressure part
Position of same.
The 回ctions on completion were subjected to a water pressure of ..….....
lbs. per sq. in. for ten minutes in the presen，四 ofthe Insp配tingOffiωron..
and satisfactorily withstood the test in aα:ordan但 with Reg. 504.
Sa mples of the material used in the ∞'nstructiOns of the Economiser were
tested in the pre皿n四 of the Inspecting Offi四r and were found to complywith the
tests pre民ribed in Chapter XI of the Indian Boiler ReguIations, 1950.
We have satisfied 0田selves that the construction and dimensions of the
Economiser are as shown in the Maker's Drawing No. ........... signed by us and that
the particulars entered in the maker's 四rtificate of manufacture in Form VIII
countersigned by us are correct to the best of our knowledge and belief.
Oated at ................ this …............dayof................19...
Signature of Inspecting Authority.
FORMVIII
WORKS ADDRESS
Contrac阳r's certificate of Manufacture and test
[Regulation 501 (0)]
1.
Desαiption
Type of Economiser
No.of 坠ctions
Intended working pressure
Year of manufacture
Description
2. 'Inspecting
Authority
No.oftubes
lbs.
Total heating
Surface of tubes
E:conomi s.e r constructed under supervision of ..... .
Sections hydraulically 饱S怡dfl町....................… minutesand
inspected after 饱stby …
4. Economisers
and fittings
Particulars of
material used
Haas田
a。民町
亘
N古 E
目『阳g时
certificate as the maximum pre部ure nor with the 回 fety valve set to a pressure exαeding
such maximum pressure.
(4)ηle boiler shall not be used otherwise than in a rondition which the owner
reasonably believes to be compatible with 锦feworking.
Note:ηle particulars and dimensions regarding this boiler may be obtained by the owner
onp叩nent in the prescribed manner on appliαtion to the Chief Inspector.
Details are in Orawing No. ..…..........
Al l castings are well finished 仕'ee 仕om extemal defec怡，
porouspla但s and blow-holesand true todim四sionswithout
wrappmg.
Where chapters are used, there is 且也facωry fusion with the
meta l.
Chapters properly tinned with metal h四 homlead.
All 实rew 世U"eads are of withworth form.
All ∞mponents parts are manufactured to limit gauges to
田cureinte比hangeab出ty throughout.
Parts
Material
Maker Inspecting Offi四 r
Remarks
Headers
Tubesand/
or Pipes
Valve Chest
80lt
TIDCKNESS OFPARTS AND TENSILE TEST-LIMπ
T回到 le
5. Part of Economiser
Thickn臼S
ElonGauge
in3 2nds
strength
gation Length
limits
limits
to 怡ns
8rand
and
No.
ω%
Headers
Tubes
801ts
Certified that 由e pa此iculars entered herein are correct and that the parts
and fittings mentioned above have been used in the construction and fittings of the
Economiser.
η\epa此icuIars shown against the various parts used are in aαordan四 with
the Maker's certificates in our posse部ion.
The design of the e∞nomiser in 配ction and end view with principal pa此s
fully dimensioned is that shownin Drawing No. ..…....... The Economiser has been
designed and constructed 抽 comply with the Indian 80iIer ReguIations for a
working press山'eof.........… lbs. per 呵. in. at our Works Re guIations for a working
pr，四sureof ..… .......lbs. per sq. in. at our Works above mentioned and the 回ctions
satisfactoriIy wi由stood a water test of ……… lbs. per sq. in. for ............ minutes
on ............ day of ............ in the presence of our ............ responsible representative
whose signature is appended hereunder.
Signature of Engineer who witnesSed the test.
Designation of Maker
Oated at ........…由is ........… dayof ............19.........
Signature of Inspecting Authority.
Note: 咀le drawing of the Economiser a叫Ma ker's ce而且cate of manufacture showing
results of tests for tensile strength and elongation must accompany this certi自cate
and if 由e economiser has been built under the supervision of an Inspecting
Authority their certi自cate in Form V1I must accompany.
N
$
lndian Boiler Regulations
270
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SOU 皿565
iiE
Name of Maker
Maker's Hydraulic Test Pressure
Make-r's Drawing No.
Name of Inspecting Authority
NameofM础er of Material
(Regula悦on
Counte吃fo;1
No.
Name of the .person of
firm 怡 which Provisional
Order is、 gran怯&
Tubí:出S
Process
Headers
Bolts
险制iption
Test Results
T
E
T
E
T
E
T
% Sulphur
叩 τubes..…….，
Headers …........
Pipes ……
Bolts …............
of Economiser
525(e))
No.
Provisiona1 Order under the Indian Boilers Ac也 1923
s.
ip
;::t
驾
如
No. ……"…., and ..............,... Economiser Ra ting
雪
!t
…...阳deby ……·M·H·-··andbearingMaker'SS
Maker'sNo.
No. ................ at a maximum pressure of ……..................…楠
民a柿、g
lb队 per 吨. in/maximum 始mpera阳reof ……....
OF pending the issue or refusal of a certificate wi位白宫
Pressure permitted
six rrionths from the date thereof after which p剧。d
this order wilI become void.
Period
口提怡
I Da始 at …………航is …..........
%刊\Osphorus
Maker's
Position
......
这
FORMX
MAKER'S CERTIFICATE
day of ........…..19川"
Em附加
Iden础臼悦。nM撞rk
INSPE口。反
FORMXI
Boiler h在spection Depar扭扭nt
CERTIFICATE FOR USE OF AN ECONOMISER
{Regulation 53晦
川………..
CALCULATIOr略
HEADERS
R略istry
Number of Economi阳r
No.oftubes
TUBES
Type
Number of Headers
Eωnω对ser Ra耐\g
BRANCH PIPES
Place and year of manufacture
Nameofowner
BOLTS
Situation of Economiser
Repairs
HEATING SURFACE
τotal 沾边ating
Remarks
Surface ....…H…..................
E~conomi肥r Ratinl庐~..".………
made by …
Calculations 巾lecked by …"………
Least pr四sure， that for ........…......……….....…….....
Approved working pressure ………·
chi啤f Inspect时 's remarks and signature ......
Calαlations
INSPECTOR'S NOTES
kg. per sq.αn.
per sq. 肌
协 Ibs.
Hydraulìcally tested on
submitted on
on
Ibs.
Ibs.
I/We hereby cer挝句r that the above described Economiser is permitted by
me /Chief Inspector under the provisions of 加州on ……"… of the Indian Boiler
Act, 1923 (V of 1923) to be worked ' 矗 t a maximum pr四器在lI'e ………… Ibs. per 吨­
in./maximum 加nperature of oF 01:出e period from …………叫 to ………....
Thi s loading of the safety valve in not exce时，……………..lbs、
Fee Rs. ..................…, paid on …........
Dated at …....,,_..
γhis …..…"….........
day ……………...
COUNTER SIGNED
INSPECTOR
NUJ
CHIEF INSPECTOR
Record of Welder's
FORM XlI
613)
(汉eS1孟lation
Marks
A.
Procedure
1. Prepara创oniof 钳制men
2. sizê & Grade ofelec衍。de or fi l1er rod
3. Number of
and manipulation of control
B.
Visuallnspec饭到
tuns
4. Rootpenetration
5, Freeclom from undercut
6. Disposition lof runs
7. Uniformity þf surface
8. Shape of prpf如
9.Smω也n辅~ of joints
10. Freedom 纭。m 础，VÎ锐es &sl墨gs
11. Dimensio~ of weld deposit
12. QuaUty of ~eld metal (Overheating, surfa出
cracks, spot;tgy surface etc.)
巳Physi幽I Test
13. Face bend test
14. R∞tbend 始st
D. EtchTes量
j
15.0崎osi杭州.:of runs
16. 民gree of fþsion
Place of Test …·
Date … …
Name of Welder ..
Father's name ......
Date of 8irth ……
Address ....… …
Service of experience on Gas/Electric Arc …...
years
Signature of Welder ……~"......"....".
Name and address of 秘密 firms where tr在ined ……·
τested on... …
(Plate, pípe, tube)
Gas of electric A.C. /D.C.…·……"
Position......
Kind of test ………
(Groove /Gi1Iet/8ranch)
Th ickness of material used ........……………….. Diameter and thickness of plpe
branch or tubes used ".
Quality of base material and electrode or filler rod .....川
b伽xi.咖
Awar
mum
ded
"$211231
3
10
20
23HS
1又Root 罢，相e协锐。然
Qùalifica悦。ns/Requalifications Te刷刷di拙
Boiler Regulation, 1950)
OF OBSERVATlONS
U鸣
N"
U
,
巢军SULTS
hp3
句3 吨，
REVERSE OF FORM XI
CONDITlONS
(1) No structural alteratioh, addition or renewal shall be m辑de to the
Economiser without a written permission from the Chief Ins严ctor.
(2) This certificate shal1 cease to be in force一
(a) on the expíry of the period for which it was granted, or
(b) when any accident occurs to the Economiser, or
(c) when any str四tural alteration, addition or renewal is made in or
to the Economiser, or
(d) if the Chief Inspector in any particular case 50 dir时ts when any
structural alteratior飞， addition or renewal is made in or 协 the
Economiser, or
(ε) on theωmmunication to the owner of the E∞nomiser of an order
of the Chief lns如etoror 1时伊~tor prohibiting its use on th桔 ground
that it is in 辑 dangerous conditions.
(3)η\eE∞nomiser shall not be used at a pr部uregr黯ter 胁到出epressure/
temperature entered in the cer创ficate as maximum pressure/temperature not
with the relief valve set to pressure/temperature exceeding such maximum
pressure / temperature.
(4) The Economi朋r shall not be used otherwise than in a condition which
the owner reasonably believes to be compa出le with 晒fe working.
N.B. Details reg矗rdingthis 汝onomiserar唆 recorded in a Registra悦。"放到DkNo.
of which a copy may 袖。btair时 on payment on applicationω 也eChief 加如ctor.
E.
18. Sla伊始CI础沁nsand por岱ity
Fractured Surface
19. Quality ofweld metal 扭X但ssive oxidatioκcarburisa­
tion, overhè制鸣， rou阱ness， por臼峙， ap阴阳.OC啡
?
1∞
Signature of Com:严峻nt Authority
H
伪servation on radibgr叩hic examination (ifωnduct时) ..............……..
Marks awarded …•……………..................... O，{，….........……川
Results of Oral or Written examination …………"…................~………............…~
S
Marks awarded ..…"..…………….....................…%……………………………………民­
s.
GENERAL REMA反KS OF COMPETENT AUτHO虹fY…………………;:t
1YPEANDCLA部 OF WELDING QUALIFIED .......翻"......"....编'"………..…………………·营
………如 G… Electric Arc welding.
苦
PERIOD OF VAUDITY OF CERTlFICATE
From ………. To……~
喧
PLACE..................... ,
嚣DATE ..
COMPETENT AUTHORITY
3.
豆豆惊。苦苦烹
FORM N o.- XIII
QUALIFIED BOILER WELDER'S CERTIFICATE
ISSUEl:> UNDER THE INDI A,J'Il BOILER REGULATION, 19到
Period (jf Validity
From
To
Name of Welder ....
Father'sN在me!，………………
GJV
W
V磊
Gω
p--a
D的e of. Birth …
{dentification marks ..,
Lefthandη飞出nb Imprei>sion
M
(SEAL) and
Signature of
Competent
Authority
quze
&rE-
…."'........~........‘….................，....................
h泣
a。法
PHOTO
………....................."'...
………嗣….......~.........‘…..
.............，.……·嗣铺"….
..
Si伊a阳re of Welder..
Address of Welder ..
们-m
一
吵一i
a
一-v
V 一
d
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d, -EM
eEo-naw
PL
…
…
T--O
............….....................国..‘
、
Thisistoær位fy that Shri ..…… ............sonofShri …………… has been examined and tested in the prescribed manner in the presence of ..……...... (Representativeof Competent Authority) and is deemed to have satisfactorilyproved his
ability to make sound welds as per par锐culars gìven below and is hereby
a uthorised to undertake such welds. He isauthorised/ not authorised to undertake
weldingwhe犯 radiographic examination is necessary under the Regulations.
thi沁$…….…….…….
Granted 伽
iiuthority 材0f...
[SEAL-l
Employment Particulars
From
To
Name 01 Employer
Work on which
engaged
S伊Jature
01
emplo，庐r
Representative of Competent Authority
*Particulars :一
*Particulars shall contain inform就ion on the followm g:
'tested on
Plate/Pipe/Tube with position
Dat理
Material_
Mild Steel or alloy s栅l
Proc<剧S
Class of welding
Backing strip
Electrode
Filter rod
Test piece X4raY17d or, not.
Class (Carbon or alloy steel)
TyPe
一--'一一一一-一矗一一
a'"
(COVER PAGE)
FORMXIV
(Regulation 394(C))
和占
飞昌
串
FORMXIV
(Re伊lation
394(C))
INDIAN BOILERS ACT, 19衷3
INDIAN BOILERS ACT, 1923
Boiler Inspec挝onDep阳伽lent
Boiler Inspection
Steam Pipes and Connected 1丑剧吨S
Iden挂在cation
of Inspection Book
Steam Pipes and Connected Fittings
Identifica匾。nNumber
Memo严ndum
Haas
hE
苍苍
回a去穹牵哇
民1emorandum
Number
Depar恤lent
STEAM PIPES - PARTICULARS AND DIMENSIONS
Situation ...
Ry. No. of connected Boilers …........
Steam piping System include...
MISCELLANEOUS
District …
Ow ner …..
Address …·…·…
Work of Factory :…..…
定
s.
这
l:J::l
c
穹
:;:;:s
m
Number of Boilers to which the pi如sand 在 ttings， particulars
of which are given 弘 this Memorandum are connected.
专
1主.egistration
Re棚 rks
Pipes Material ………………………………………。iame毛er (outside) ……
Pipes Thickness ....…………......................………....... Make.
Attachment of Flanges …·
Elbows, Te部 etc. ……-
辈r
c
3
υE
PARTICULARS OF ADDITIONS & ALTE汉ATIONS
DATE
Support ………........…川…......
Flexibility …
Drainage....……-
PLAN OF STEAM PIPES &: THEIR CONNECTED FITTINGS
Feed pîpes ………
Outside Dia. ……….....……………………….. Thickness .…
Make ……………........…........…...........~.."...............".，.
Max. Pressure ……......................................伽.... Max. 丁
1 「础1ψp ……….
Connected Vess时
el …….……….. …….. ……..…. ……….阳.川叫...…...............................................
No. ……·
Type …..
Max.
Desi伊如昔ss
.........…......…..…..…..…… Max. Design Temp. ..…"
F院 E
Draω，
ing No.
Total
length
ofsteam
Pipes
AND APPROV AL TO PLAN RECORD
No.of Fee Date NO.'&date
W.P.
Temp.
Connecof
ofapproval
appro- allo嗡
ted
PayofPlan &
val
wed
vessels
ment
La yout
C
Kglcm 2
。
Remarks
& initial
of lnspector
Date of Installation ..
..."................................… .........".....................................u'..... ‘…·‘……......................."........................…….~"..--............."'
, •
First Inspection inside &……
Outside …….."................................................,.
Feed Pipes Hydraulicτ四tto …......,.... kg/ctri2 ........……..By........…… on..
Remarks … …
H
尔A
:主
FORMXV-A
CALCULATIONS
[Regulation 4A (2)]
Questionnaire to þe Answered by 阴阳s. Seeking Rec咿i杭州 bythe
Central Boilem BOard始 bec捆在您附 Insp销量ing Authori量yunder The
Indian Boiler Regula量ions， 195O
主运e忽n Pipes 吉叫........
鸣
。、
1. The registered' name and addr栅罄 。f 校tea俗ociation.
.............................................................................................................................，.、.................
CALCULATIONS
Steam Pipes : ..……….............."...
2. Address for ωn四pondence.
3. The year in which 出e association was establishOO.
4. Is your a路。ciation recogni阳d by the Government?
5. Have you anYl8ranch or As附iate Office? If 50, please give their names
and addr四随s;
6. How long h~s your Association been functioning as an Insp'配ting
彻底。地?Efiwregs始时 ωmpany， please give 挂在edat，ωf 峭阳胁，
7. PI棚se give d合ta泣S of cla:俗棉 mad密警ery which you have 50. far bE烟草
au位\ori削 to
and α睛也tderwh始也is is bei略 done.
examine
CALCULATIONS
S串eam 自严s: …………
8. Please state 位也可阳" size and the range of working pressure of boilers
which you have 50 far insp时除d during construction as an Inspecting
Authority, alsó state the cI asses of 阳vice ::('ur render, nainely:
{的 Please name the various sta伊 of mar.ufact田e at which ins肘ction
are carrièd out.
。珍Exdud~g 栩如问 att怡然倒1 works.
(c) 制:y h~raulic test a加伽e manufa出Jre of the 协议er has b盼R
complet娼.
CALCULATIONS
9. Howmany 恼:pecting Of统.cer have you in your employment? 到柏segive
d创ails of the quaI ifications held by 出懈。眉目rs.
10. Have you anyjTesting Laboratory of your own to conduct all d<阴阳.ctive
and non-destriIctive tes协叫uirOO in connection wi仙也.e manufactureof
院oilers?
11.
Are youprepa扫dto ∞nduct 由eworkofins严ction ofboUers，肘。，nomisers
acc~s50ries strictly in conforrnity with the Indian 80iler
and their
INSPECTOR'S NOTE
,
hs
吨h
忘喃喃旨。也忘吨
Re伊la岳。邸:， 195O?
12. Are you prep位'00 始 accept fuIl responsibility for the ce必ifica始 issued by
you?
13. Has your re伊告st for re∞伊始onasan Insp配tingAu浊。rity 加enr付ec时
by any AuthOIjity? If邸" pl制附 givede组ils.
14. Are you prepared to issue cer削cates for the products, you ins如t'Ín the _~
\hrmatsofthep1dian B o i l e r h g u l a t i o n s ? 2
15. Are you awarë that the recognition is fora period of 3 years only which is
~
renewable afte~ every 3 years on fresh as晦srnen05
FORMXV-C
4A(2)1
Questionnaire for Eliciting Information Regarding the Competency
of a Firm to be Rec咽nised 翩翩C喇叭 tent Authority" Under
Regt且lation 4A (刻 of the b在dian Boiler Regulations
[Re肌加tion 4A(2)]
ωn唆sponden相.
Add距SS
Regis加邮 Name
and Address of the firm.
2. Works addre部.
3. Year in which the Organisation was established.
4.
to be answl制edbySI四!I Makers seeking Reco伊始ionby
Central Boßers Boardωbe}\峰州加das "'Well 胞在own Steel Makers"
underRe萨lIa悦。双仙(2)of 伎重e Indian Boßer R咿lIations，主950
1.
1. Registered name and addre稽。t 出e firm.
2. Address for
Ques量ionnaire
3.
of branch or ass在艰器怡。假借!， if any.
organisation have any traini咪创dion
details of the scheme 如怡然ated.
year in which 就在.e fac他rywas 础是辑blis加d.
4. Capacity for production of Steel.
5. Principal work of the organisation.
6.0回$校le
岱\e
知r 也e
welders1 If 50,
7.0饵stheo唱;ani蝇tion regt点r1yconduct 棚ts on welds done by its welders?
lf 50, the code followed and the de在ails of 将$怡 carried óut may ple础ebe
stated.
8. Wha t are the facilities that can be provided or availed of by 仙eo咆ani踊tion
for conducting the tests?
9. Is the organisation prepared 阳 unde此ake 阳ting ot welders employed by
other organisation?
10. Whether the organisation is prepared to conduct test as per requirements
ot the IBR?
11. The amount of f，回 which the organisation would charge a candidate for
conducting a test for the issue of certificate. Estima伽s under the tollowing
heads may be given? .
(a) For the supply of tests pieces, el时trod础 and lor filler rods.
5.
Pro恼s
of Manufacture of s阳1.
6. Variety of Steel Products.'
7. Range of Steel produced in each varie守·
8,
VariousN矗.tional and Intern喜悦。nal Standards to which 也e Steel produc恒
are man时'act町ed.
9. Testing faruities available within the Works.
10. Types of 恰sts conduc恰d. ，
11.
If田"
by whom conducted.
12. Are the t四ts ∞nducted by the firm acceptable to the other organisations o{.
出e Country? If 50, by whom?
13. Is the firm prepared to
cond时t tests
reco酬帽d
in
accordan僻 with 伽eIBR?
14. Have they been
country?
(c) For matching the test pieces and preparation of specirr￥en.
15. Whether they manufacture steel from the ore itself or from ore and 沉重在P
For ∞nducting rr恕chanical t础ts (inclùding 印制menspr叩'aration).
份 For
non-destructive
t，制胁gs.
12. Is the organisation prepared 如‘~xamine and issue cer位 ficate to welders in
aαordar苍白 with the reql王irementsof 位e IBR, 19部?
as "'Well known
S阳I
(b) For the use of welding machine.
(d)
Maker" in any other
。rfrom 缸raponly.
16. Whether the firm
provision of IBR.
is 毒greeable 沁 show 饺\eir
manufacturing under the
responsibility 如r certifica憾
17. Whether the firm is agreea'ble 协 show their manufacturing process and in
Ho怒set臼ting facilities 始 a t棚 mconsi然ing of thr相拟将在也ers ap严inted
by the Board.
14. Are you awa把位at the recognitiòn is. for a period of 3 years only which is
renewable after every 3 year ∞ fr回ha俗剧sment.
18. Are you aware that the recognitionis for 提 period of 3 years only which is
renewable after every 3 years on fré由 aωeωment?
13. Is the organisation
issued by it?
prepared 沁始ke
tull
叫这gaN凯
WO
Hh
E咱这
歌吨知
是忿
FORMχV部
i汉喃叫a悦。n
『叶
、昌
、、王
E
FORMXV-D
(2)]
Questionnaire 协 be Aøswered by FoundtylForge Seeki略 Rerogni剑onby
Central Boilers Board to be Noti叙.ed 翩翩Well Known FoundtylForgeN
寝室tder Regulation 4A (2) of The Indian Boi1桂r Regulations.. 19拇
1. TheR喀istered name and addr棚。f 加如机
2. Works address.
3. Theye寝r in which the factoty was established.
4. Capacity of the Foundry IFoIl严
5.
臼Capacity for productio戏。f Fo昭嗨ICas加伊;
{碍Maximum weight and size of Fo喃喃ICas位勒
6. [沁生ailed d臼cripHon of tl也与peofjobdo附 bythem.
[R咽巾撼。n 4.A
又油站ia1s of Cas位惨剧增帮{阳w捋础叫均阳l 附巾rousal如tys).
8. Rar悖。ffo晤Z帮IcasHng produced in each var去ety.
9. T，回应在gfaciliti四 available wi挡在in the works.
10. De摇Is of 惚Hng facility, namely chemical and physical 栅部 etc.
11. Types of 勘部∞nducted.
12. H 钮， by whom conduc协盯
13. Are也e 怯st ∞nducted by the 负rmitselfa，α双p蚀ble to the other or伊n阳Hon
of 也ecountry? 眨 so， bywhom?
14. Is the firm prepared 协 conduct tes蚀 in accordanæ with the Indian Boiler
RegulaHons， 19白?
15. Have they been rec鸣时朋d as "Well known Foun巾Y IForge" in any other
country.
16. W抽出.erthe 如m is in a posiHon to produæ Forgin伊ICasHnginaαordanæ
with any na创onal/lntemational specifica悦。ns fu1 fi lIing the minimum
requirements of IBR, 1950.
17. Whether the firm has any previo咄咄perienæ to produce Forgingsl
CasHng in accordanæ with the prO'悦sion of IBR under the ins肘ction of
any recognised InspecHng Authority.
18. Whether the firm is prepared 协 fur时sh CerHficates under the provision of
19.
IB民 1950.
Whether曲efirmisagreeabletoshow 也eirpr以:essof manufact四einHouse
t剧目ng faciliHes to a 棚m of members appoin怡d by Central Boilers Board.
20. Are you aware 役时也ere∞伊iHon is for a period of 3 y'础rs only which is
renewable after every 3 year事 on 企盼has拥ssment?
FORMXV-E
R咿daHon 仙。))
Questionnaire 恒 be Aøswered by TubelPipe Mak桔r Seeki略 Reco伊撼。n
by Central Boilers B部rd as "'Well Known Tl革bel到pe Maker" 豁然der Indian
BoilerR略ulatio础，， 1950
1. I主.egistered name 扭daddre部 ofthe firm.
2. Works address.
3‘It传到5恼HonNo. 四d year of regis主raHon.
4. Capacity of production of Tube/Pipe and 加
加m 泣le beginning.
5. Reasons for 部引eking r配ognition under IBR.
6. Steel grad础。fTube/Pip创 under productions.
7. Size r"iinge of(γ'ube/Pipes under productions.
~
∞
8.Pr出黯sõf aJnufa~ofTubei阴lpeS.
9.
(a)
Wheth~r 加指肌始 producing 位le
raw
raw
rna始rial
or purchasing 泣le
nulte必al
(b) Hther或w rnaterial is purchas时， give 出ede始i1s ofp磁'cha辑部缸，
(i) ftom well known steeI mak衍 under l.B.R.
{益) fromI栩如.reco伊树d 如机
10.
11.
Hpurch部e iS asper9 制俗剧毒e
whether the raw rnaterial is 恼ted at
Tubernak臂'~/Pipe rnako帘's prerr嘟嘟附加黯民
H 梅恼怒 producing raw rna极必aI， state whether 阳启rmis 室的p副
as well known steel rna如r under IBI飞
12.地tjorManuf拙ning faciliHes available with the 险也
13. T届监19 faciliP盼 available with the works.
14. Types of II倒也 condu巾d on Tube/ Pipes (enclo阳 complete quality con柱。1
plan from raw rnateriaI s怯伊始如tiShed s怯ge alongwith the quality
control &如伊c60n personneI of the firm).
15. Thede屈Is of failure and 叫ec6on:
(1) By N口Y
(2) By ~truc6ve TesHng
16. wl四耐阳缸misin 严刷m 协 manuf翩翩 Tubel阴阳 andalsopro创defor
世回rnecess叫恼伽啄缸cilities in accordanæ with the provision of IBR,. 19回.
1又The name of the firms to whom the 臼rm has supplied Tubesl阳pes.
18. Whether the Èirm is agreeableωshow their manufacturing pr，α:ess and in
H。因efaciliti阳 to a teamconsis怡、gof伽r时 members叩po讪怡dbythe80盯d.
19. Whether the firm is aware of the fact 队的航.ereco伊ùtion is for a period of
仕眩目 years oiùy which is renewable after every three years rerm on fresh
assessment. I
FORMXV-F
[See Re.伊laí.ion' 4A (2)]
Questionnaire t~ be Answered by a Laboratoty seeking recognition by
Central Boiler百 Bbard as a well-know宜1 Material Testing Laboratory under
Sub-regulation (2~ of Re.伊laHo刻蚀。f 仙e India董事黯oilerRe伊lations， 1950
1.ηle Register~d Name and Address of the Laboratory;
2. Add犯ssof 面e Labo姐怡可;
3. The y臼r in ",hich the laboratory was 础tablished;
4. (a) . Whetht+r the L动。，ratoryisr仅::ogni搬d by the CentraI Govemment or
by a S~te Government;
吉
朗在钮， p 能se 缸m总bparfiωlars of reco伊撼。肌
丢5
5. Name and aqdr础。fbranch or 础仰ciate Labora知叨， if any;
注
6. How Iong th~ Laboratory has been func锐。ningfor 棚Hngofthep时uc弘苦
又问哗m础，r rna~in四 available 部队e laboratory 椒础叼ing 附加
穹
non-d韶恤chveord部悯c6ve 棚 ting;
ωnnage
detalls per year
8. Ty
伊
严
p
ean
巾
1
9. 悦始韬
ωi
吕i弘
S of 恼狂缸
ngp
严
ersonnel and th
hèi
袖
锐拉
i泣rq
伊
uali梢残舱胁
cω
矗 t加
i协
onsor川
ex
叩
pe
耐
d栩盼咄;
§
g:
1姐
O. Are陀盯
仰
y
佣
o
up
阳陀p
归
a陀时
d 如 con
倪侃
nduct忖the 怡翩g
刊
ρ
of sp
网
州
M
配
e
ci挝I附15S
州
t衍悦
riictl
咐.y a鄙 p
归e
盯
阳r 仙阳
e
requirementslof the Indian Boiler Regulaω阳， 1粥。?法
FORMXV-G
[See regulation 4A(2)]
QU栩如ONNA器E 茧'0 BE ANSWERED BY F理MSEE白NG
RECOGNl110N BY CENT汉AL BOILERS BOARD AS REMANENT UFE
ASS览SSM应NT ORGANISAll0N UNDER REGULA'在ON39主AOFTHE
INDIAN BOILER REGULAτ10NS， 主950
1. TheRe梆饭时 Na附 and Address of the firm
2. Address of the firm
3. n隙 year in which 投lefirm wa嚣崎弘出s:hed
4. (a) Whether the 6rm is recognised by the Cen泊1 Governm四t or by Sta始
Go鸣Ternment
(b)H 船，如mish
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
particulars of reco伊掘。>n
Name and ad命制S ofbranch or a凶ocia北e firm. if any
How long your firm has 切!ell functioning for Remanent ufe Ass部mentof
boi险rs and BoilerParts
问uipmen蚀。
' r machines avai1able in the Laboratory for 啤R庐g out the
non-dωtructive or d剧性uctive 怯S由19
Type and ra>nge of tests 四rried out by the firm.
Details of testing personnel and 白白 qualifi但tions and e叩erien啤·
Are you prepared to conduct the t四伽g of specimens stric即础 per the
requirements of the Ind.ian Boi1er Regulations, 19到.
Has your r，叫uest for recc噶nition as an approved organisation been rejected
by any authority? H 曲" please give details.
Are you prepared to i部uPthe 回国负面恼如rthe 恼ts recommended in the
fonnats of the Indian Bo现er RJ略ulations.
SIGNATURE & SEAL
M加贺Ie I驭。gniω，nisvalid 加 aperiodof也曾 y四ISonlywh凶 ÎSrer也W油'le 伽由四
阳黯栅仿制ha脚熠阳也
FORMXVI-A
4C (2))
R喀ulation
Se rial N o...
øò
Cen位窑1
i1ers Board
of Approval For Inspecting Authori守
前lÎS is 如 certi.fy that the In年前往on and QuaIi ty Mana萨ment System of :
C牵rtificate
M/s ………......…...
Validity is sub如d 怕也e adhe~ce to the quality control
provisions of t1te Indian Boiler Regulations.
Approval
Certificate No. ……………………
valid for 经lrl到e years, i.e., up如...........…………川
如cretary
H
FO汉MXVI-B
[民略协tion 4C (2月
缸rial
No.
Central 撼。i1ers Board
Certificate of Approval for Competent A粮油.ority
在也必 toce甜fy that 阳和am放硝on of Welder System of :
M/s.......
has 视剧 eval础t硝 by 也e Cen加1 Boilers Board and has b阳1 granted reco伊ition
under regulation 4C(2) of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 19，驼i， asaCOM距TENT
AUηiORITY.
白白 Ce插到.cate
is v aIid for 也E时扣在E吉~， i.e., up协……..………..……·
VaIidity is s由如t 拍出，e adherence 始位reeq础lity ∞础。1 prescríbed urtder the
pro创sions of the Indian Boiler Regulations.
Date of Issue.
Approval
Certificate No.
如αetary
……
FORMXVI-C
[Regulation 4c (2)]
Se rial No.
Central Boi1ers Board
Cërtificate of Approval for Well 阳lOwn Steel Maker
币lÎS is to cer锐fy 伽at 队e lnspection and Quality Managem四tSystem of:
'M/s …..
has been evaluated by 佼te Central Boilers 8 0ard and has been gran始d recog:rrition
underr略u1a悦。>n4C仰。f the Indian Boiler R咿削ons， 1950，甜 aWELLKNOWN
SfEEL MAKER, for the manufacture of …百部 α贺础cate is valid 如r 佼tree years, i.e., upto ….......
Validity is subject to 阳 adherènce to the q础Iity control pr届四bed under the
pro悦sions of the Indian 80iler Regulations.
Date of Issue.
Approval
C创tif王cate No. 叫
每αet矗ry
N可
JW
U
叫
This Ce必ifica始 is
under the
Date of Issue.
如$捡回 eval捕时 bytl也臼邮Boi胁时 has bc:坦\g:t相ted reo:制加lunder 嗨且'
汹.on 4C(2) of tI嘘 lndian Bo加峙ula椒码 19现部血孙醒配I1NG AU{HO即IY.
presαibed
~aks田
s。巳
m『知码
h 拦军凡
ξ。
11. Has your request for ~啊。伊ition as an approved Laboratory been rej日cted
byanyau池。rity? H 80, please give details;
12. Are you prepared 如棚U皑白e ærtificates for the products you test in the
fonnats of the Indi栩如加r Regulations?
No钝:The re<刀伊ú悦。n is valid for a period of 3 years only, which is renewable for
3 years on 公础:h在sse附宜阳lL
Indian Boiler Regulations
280
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•
FORM XVII
Certificate of Manufacture and Test for Small Industrial Boilers
(Manufactured Under Chapter XIV)
1. Maker's Name ..........................…....... Year of Make.
2. Manufactured for .....
3. Location of Installation …
4. Boiler Identification ..…...................... Inspecting officer's stamp ……·
5. Drawing No. ….................................… Alteration No.
5A. Design Code ..….................................. Working Pressure(kg/Cm2) ….............
65ize of BoiIer
Length (Me仿rs)
Width (Meters)
Height (Metres)
Diameter (Metres)
APPENDIX A-DIAGRAMSOFRIVETED}OINTSWITHFORMULAE
Max Pitch
Plate %
EE
Rivet %
I
.;
E
FIG.l
7. 5hell/Furna四 /Tube Plates/Flange DetaiIs
Material5pecification CHEMICAL COMPOSmON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
C 5i Mn P
5
Y 5 U.T.5. % EL
5hell ……
Furnance..........................
Tube Pla恒 s...…
F1ange ............……...
BoiIer Tubes/Pipe/Pads DetaiIs …
Diameter Thickness Material sp配咀cation
CE丑迅fiCAL COMPOSmON
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
C 5i Mn P
5
Y 5 U.T.5. % EL
Tube ..…
Pipes.....
Pads..…8. VolumetrK: Capacity …..
9. Heating 5urfa四{问. Metres)..…·
10. Nozzle connection ..... .
(a) 5team Ou tlet .. .
And
Type of Nozzles)
(No.
5ize
(b) Safety Valve ..…
(No.
5ize
And
Type of Nozzles)
1.31 x T + 1.625
1∞伊- 0)
P
1∞ x
A X 51
PxTx5
1.5 x 0
Eqn. (11)
同.口0哈
H~
Eqn. (2)
Eqn. (3)
Reg.184
51NGLE BUTT STRAP 一 ONE RIVET PER PITCH
Max. Pitch
Plate %
Rivet %
FIG.2
11 .53 x T + 1.625
1∞(P- 0)
P
1∞ x
A X 51
PxTx5
Eqn. (11)
Eqn. (2)
Eqn. (3)
E
1.5 x 0
Reg.184
Butt5TRAP =
1.25 x T
Eqn. (5)
DOUBLE BUTT STRAP - ONE RIVET PER PITCH
Max. Pitch
Plate %
Rivet %
(c) Au对h可…….............
(Ai r vent)
(5ize
And Type)
(d) Blowoff Valve …………….........................\....
(No.
Size
An d
Type of No~les)
(e) Feed Valve....
An d .
Type of Nozzles)
(No.
5ize
11. 5hop Hydro 1"'臼t Pres画ure (Kg. Cm) …......................….........Date …
5ignature Of Manufacture,r
We certi句， that the above boiler constructed under our supervision and
insp配ted at various stages of construction by the inspecting officer and that the
construction, workmanship were satisfactory as per Indian boiler regulations.
Inspecting Officer
5ignature of Insp自由19 Authority.
Dated .......... this .......... Day of .......... 19.....
-
军
315'
5INGLE RIVETED JOINT5
LAP JOINT- ONE RIVET PER PITCH
1.75 x T + 1.625
1∞(P- 0)
P
1∞ xAx
1.875 x51
PxTx5
Eqn. (11)
Eqn. (2)
Eqn. (3)
E
1.5 x 0
Reg.184
ButtSTRAP
.625 x T
Eqn. (7)
DOUBLE RIVETED JOINT5
TWORIVET5 PER PITCH
LAPJOIN四-
Max. Pitch
Plate %
Rivet %
FIG. 4
2.62 x T + 1.625
1∞伊- 0)
P
1∞ x
A x 2 X 51
PxTx5
Eqn. (11)
Eqn. (2)
Eqn. (3)
R
.33P + .670
Eqn. (12)
E
1.5 x 0
Reg.184
~
马 φ!φφ|
黯鸭山
骂 mJfJff
Eqn. (3)
岱
Eqn. (13)
Reg.184
Eqn. (5)
= 2xD
斗们 O
md-7'sm 到RAPS= 1.125 门
SIr喝GLE
1st
r→一一τ
BUTT STRAP - THREE 汉IV盯 PERPITCH
Max. Pitch
4.05 x T 令 1.ω5
01
iJiφ 也
咽，、1'"1
R
坦 2柑p川
x川1.15
夸彰iφi
庭
古 1.
• T:φnT ，............~.....，...
部G.8
E伊. (11)
Eqn.(3)
BUπ51玄APS::
... "'1"',........ _
x
1.125 T
(P 叫树
……一"..!...
一
E伊.防
拉… 2D)ι
(6)
Eqn. (11)
pxTxS
R
:: .33P+ .670
E
:: 1.5 x D
Eqn. (2)
E嘻l.
k
..
(3)
p11
nmE
vynH
BUTT STRAPS = .625 x T
OOUBLE RIVETED JOINTS
OOUBLE BUTT STRAPS - TWO 黯VETS PER PITCH
Max. Pitch
(2)
COI抽泣led%
=旦旦旦黯如.例
---.-----P
pxTxS
缸乡;φÎ
1∞ xAx2x1 x1.875x乓
FIG.I0
E伊.
100 xAx
= ---P-~T-x-S-J
叩
…
φ|咐'
Plate %
句'φ:-t1 φ
Rivet%
++坤'
R
E
= 3 .5 x T + 1.625
P··
…
pa
。-
忡
';φ 叫
φn!___L
四 φiφTI
Ri vet%
1∞(P- D)
黠一一………
句'叶'
ER+!+
ei'
Rivet %
x T + 1.625
mmv-pD-
ω…
Plate %
3.5
咱tq
R
挣!'
p φ!+
在qn.
勾销两
Eqn. (2)
E
(P- D)
1.125 T x 7.:一一一一
(2 - 2D)
Reg每 184
TWO 阳V育部 PERPITCH
Pitch.
Plate %
xD
n
拮盟牛旦
E=R E I
1.5
)嗣
阳叭
命!φ
M∞UN
BUTT STRAPS -
1吟咿 φ4iφφ
创l
++:φφ，1
日
嚣
Reg.184
Eqn. (11)
looxAxS
PxTxS
E
Max.
跚俑 x
3
川
T+
(3)
Eqn. (12)
= .33P x .67
or2 x D
whïchever is gr四毛er Eqn. (13)
翩
黠
应qn.
……一一一一+一-一7 Eqn. (4)
咱i
阳itc
P
胁
h
Eqn. (2)
R
叫叫
Max
缸
(11)
m
创INGL
S
山忘 肌
B3贝
uJI
凹
T SfRAP一 TWORIV宵
ETSP
阳巴民 P即口f
咱..
1 ∞(P-2D)
问n.
Combined %
BUTT STRAPS=
OOUBLE RIVETED JO孙们's
配随同叫-
Eqn. (12)
町………-……二二
=
Eqn. (3)
叮叮时%%
PxTxS
R
= 33P+ .670
1.5 x D
E
BUγfSTRAPS= 1.125 x T
黯如 阳 M
命;舍
1ooxAx2x 乓
D
pφ;φ
Eqn. (11)
Eqn. (2)
p
叫
EA
Rivet%
践民φ;φ
(P 巾。}
肖功削"
句þ- T;T+
3.06
100
咿币
Plate %
嚣
PER PITCH
x T + 1.625
唱』咽
+
畸 e:
民IVETS
.，，.、
SINGLE BUTT SfRAP刷 γWO
Max. Pitch
41
=
均比
=
5
R
E
1ooxAx2xS1
PxTxS
2 xD
1.5xD
mya
Rivet%
Eqn. (2)
1E2433EtsfZZE:
1∞。一 D)
p
Plate %
Eqn. (11)
时，割
-e e
RIVETS PER PITCH
2础 x T + 1.625
Pitd苍白
、
Max.
wi--ee命v
'今
内
u巧
部白 ' ' e E e A V m
mipp 怜 -me
LAPJOIN骂- TWO
Eqn. (11)
Eqn. (2)
在
s.
;::$
1ωxA
x 2 x 1.875 x S飞
::l Eqn. (3)
PxTxS
2x D
:: 1.5 x D
BUTTSI及APS 耶必25
xT
Z赂
。
母
峙。3}S
Reg.184
在
Eqn. 伺去
2 坦贮卫l
Plate %
Eqn. (2)
p
… 1∞ x
Rivet%
A x 3 x 1.875 x 5 ,
PxTx5
i酬.:φ!φ;
Eqn. (3)
mx A x 1.875
x 乓
Px 丁 x5
= .2P x 1.15D
= 1.5 x D
R
E
巴qn.
(4)
丑守1.
伊… D)
Eqn. (8)
(P 叩 2D)
DOUBLE RIVET军DJOINTS
DOUBLEBUπSIRAPS-TI器EE
Max.Pi时E
RIVETS PER PITCH
100 伊 -D)
p
1ooxAx3 到1.875 x 乌
Rivet %
BUI丁 STRAPS=
DOUBLE BU1T 5τRAPS OF UNEQUAL WIDTH - THREE RIVETS PER PπCH
Max. pi础1
= 4.63 x T 令1.625
Eqn.
100 (P 一 D)
Plate %……一一Eqn. 向
议ivet%
问底。}
Co旅瑞均1ed%
P一一
一 1∞ x A x 1.875 x 鸟
=
PxTxS
R
.33P 令 .67D
E
= 1.5 x D
BUTT SIRAPS= .75T
φMRROW)
I∞ (P 叶 2D}+
p
A x 5,
PxTx5
.2P x 1.1 5D
口1.5 x D
R
Eqn. (4)
E
BUTTSI双APS 口
Eqn. (12)
Y罗r
σ明DE)
Eqn. (13)
FIG.16
Reg.l84
日qn.
(8)
BUTT STRAPS =
(N ARROW)
EKAnmE
Eqn. (10)
.625丁
DOUBLE 阳VETED JOINTS
DOUBLE BUTT STRAPS OF UNEQUAL WID在f 一在眼EE RIVETS PER PITCH
如知x. Pitch
= 4.63 x 丁+ 1.625
Eqn. (11)
1∞伊 -D)
Plate %
问1. (2)
阳vet
…………一::.!.
Eqn. (2)
IooxAx4J5x5
--- .. .• .. -- -
Eqn. 向
P
%
一
后qn.
Eqn. (3)
(3)
Comb坟始d%
忘qn.
(12)
Reg.184
忘qn. (9)
Tx5
I00 伊 -2D)
1
P
ZooxAx 乓
R
Eqn. (10)
FIG.17
Eqn. (4)
PxTx5
.33P x 1.67D
E年1. (12)
。r2 x D
whichever is greater Eqn. (13)
M∞抽
FIG懈 1垂
骂骂
l∞ x
σ吁ID司
BUTT SIRAPS= .625T
l00 x A x 4.75
PxTxS
，，‘、-
Rivet%
=…
Eqn. (10)
.625T
咱』咱且
Plate %
O响。m
Eqn. (2)
BU1T SfRAPS OF UNEQUAL WIDTH … TWO RIVETS PER PITCH
上..
Max. 凹的 = 3 .5 x T + 1.ω
Eqn. (11)
D)
需
BU丁丁fsr双APS=
仆JA汉RO叭。
L...i
1 ∞伊...!
E
-‘
--
ak
LvmA
Ur-
mAa号 mA
JWO
川
dOILY
pa2 对，
6
JUrmrm一m
1 二、冽到
Ld
∞
肌)UBLE
时
Em
3 时时四川剧
R
师;阳门咖"
fhDM旦卜
100 伊… D)
口
问川町 M 阶
PxTx5
COII也Md%=-7……
:.I~:.Iφi
R
?
Eqn.
耳 4.63χT 子1.625
Pla始%
~专制φiej
(1 4)
Reg.l84
BUTTSIRAPS= .625 x ……………
FIG. 12
E
阳vet%
、‘，， 4 索、，，
Combined% 黑一予一
必噎tuthy
1∞(p叶。)
LE
吨h
险法国。由何可
IX>UBLE BU1T SI双APS-TI愤觅觅议IVETS PER PITCH
M础. Pi tch
= 4.63 x 丁令 1.625
Eqn. (11)
BUTTSTRAPS 出
.625T
Eqn. (10)
TREBLE 议NETEO
(W IOE)
BLJ口 STRA陀皿
(NARROW)
LAP
Max. Pitch
eej
k ei
咄
咄
l00(P 叩 0)
Plate %
吨. .
m
m
p
1∞ x
Rivet%
Rφ丰i
3.47 x T + 1.625
叩
-
R
叩
E
阳
一
A x 3 X 51
PxTx5
.33P x .670
1.5)( 0
E等\.
(11)
Eqn. (2)
芭qn.
(3)
Eqn. (13)
Reg.l84
明
白
Rivet%
m
w
R
=
E
叩
叫
1OOxAx3x51
Pxτx5
.2xO
1.5x 0
4.14 x T + 1.625
1∞ (P 由 0)
叩
由
p
1∞ xAx4x 乌
叫
Px τx5
Combined %=
R
黯
叩
叩
'Eqn. (11)
Eqn. (3)
PxTxS
.2P )( 1.150
l .5 x 0
Eqn. (4)
Eqn. (14)
Reg.l84
P
1∞ xAx5￥
φφ:
R
叫
FIG.21
"
在qn.
(12)
在qn.
(13)
1.5 x 0
Reg.I84
THREE RNETS PER PITCH
-
φiplate%
+ 命"十
+~+.
E! Jφ
+:命命;ε
BUTT 51及APS=
Rivet%
j剔'φ!今钊φi
R
FIG.23
应
-1 间\.
克qn.
(3)
(12)
15xD
Reg. 184
.625T
把唱、 {η
n强EE RNETS PER
Max. Pitch
!酬'φiφφ|φi 阳%
Eqn. (2)
P
= .33P x .670
户
OOUBLE BUTT 5TRAPS -
1∞ (P- 0)
Pxτx5
+:n
FIG. 22,
Eqn. (11)
1 ∞ xAx3x 1.875x5二
~φi Rivet'}
R+R...
(4)
.33P x .670
or2 x 0
whichever is 萨eater
= 4.63 x T + 1.625
i
应qn.
Pxτx5
忡忡二舍 iφφ1...:
P
1OO(P- 立功÷
COIT也兹在ed%=
Eqn. (2)
1∞ (P-2D)÷
Z∞ xAx 吼
>
PxTx5
φ;
+i:
Eqn. (3)
叩
PITCH
= 4.63 x T + 1.625
p
…
p
旅qn.
(11)
Eqn. (2)
1∞ xAx3x 1.875x5
pxTx5
=2x0
= 15 xO
BUTT STRAPS = .625τ
lEqn. (3)
院qn.
(13)
Reg.l84
应qn. ('拧)
问这这awo
白写阳由专宫苦苦
叫
jIC--
1∞ xAx4x5￥
叫
Eqn. (11)
Eqn. (2)
Eqn. (2)
阶…
Rivet%
骂Z二
e命!
Eqn. (11)
户
∞一
vueF
A' 尴
Plate %
P
RNETS PER PITCH
eeeReeu
eeEe
Max. Pitch
3.47 x T + 1.625
100 伊吨。}
Plate 0/0
LAPJOIN把一 FOUR
P
m
m
防-吗 Mm
归G.19
Pi比h
叩
反iv然%
OOUBLE 日UT丁 5TRAPS -
ha地问
二
eeie
-命
U
aw
将p
eeEe
Max.
Plate %
E
TREBLE RNETEO JOINTS
LAP JOIN臼… THRE览汉NETSP在RPITCH
4.14 x T + 1.625
P-P
Max.Pi时1
+d
+~
τREBLE RlVETEO JOINT5
JOINTS 一 τHREE RlV宫TSP甏RPIτCH
JOINT5
J;.AP JOINTS … FOUR Rl VETS PER PITCH
到一
Reg.l84
Eqn. (9)
∞一
1.5 x 0
.73T
N∞AF
E
1
E
BUTI STRAPS =
E
Eqn. (11)
..:呻..
P
1∞ x
A x 1.875 x 5
L Eqn. (4)
PxTx5
.33P x .670
Eqn. (12)
or 2 x D
whichever is greater Eqn. (13)
1.5 x D
Reg. 184
.625T
Eqn. (7)
R
FlG.25
E
=
BUTI 5TRAPS =
I
-
,
Eqn. (3)
1∞ (P-2D)
P
1 ∞ xA
Plate %
!凡'!'2'! 阳vet
l划;-IR:R.:. : 1.: R
E
1
问..
EI
1 ∞ (P-
=一一予一
D)
Eqn.
1∞ x
%
...
.:. ',.:
BUTTSTRA因
A x 4.75 x 5.
PxTx5
.33P x .670
=1.5xD
.75T
(WIDE)
BUTTSTRAPS= .625T
(NARROW)
(2)
Eqn. (3)
Eqn. (12)
Reg.l84
Eqn. (9)
Eqn. (10)
S二
EJ
二
7ι
x+
句、
V
qn
『J-
EhAnN
N∞饲
宅
句
31F
、，，、.，，重
S二
妇二S
P5
句，&唱
i
Fl G.29
4二 x
二T
x
===
」hDD
A
唱i·-
O二
ooUBLEBUTT5TRAPSOFUNEQUAL WIDTH 一 THREE RIVETS PER PITCH
=兰二±兰二±二工. Max. Pitch
4.63 x T + 1.625
Eqn. (11)
100 (P- D)
凹a怡 0/0
= 一
P一一
Eqn. (2)
J-xx
XL
JOU
1∞ x
R
x 同
TREBLE RIVETED JOINT5
ooUBLE BUTI 5TRAPS OF UNEQUAL WIDTH - THREE RIVETS PER PITCH
Max. Pitch
Eqn. (11)
= 4.63 x T + 1.625
FlG.28
A x 1.875 x 5,
Eqn. (4)
PxTx5
.2P x 1.1 5D
Eqn. (14)
A x 5 x 1.875
PxTx5
x 1.875 x 5,
Eqn. (4)
PxTx5
= .33P x .670
Eqn. (12)
or2 x D
whichever is greater
Eqn. (13)
Eq且 (13)
R,
2xD
E
=1.5xD
Reg.l84
(P- D)
Eqn..(8)
BUTT STRAPS= .625 x →一一一
(P - 2D)
FlG.27
Eqn. (11)
Eqn. (3)
1∞ x
,:'!"
...l...IR
ER RE
D)
P 一一
川
峰..:... Combined %
:.~.
Eqn. (2)
。主 S
1二
P-E
、，斗'2-
l
%
T-A ，，.、-
AU
金门即一
Mm 一
A二
二'
+
二 lAF
x二
唱i-
Rivet %
∞- ∞二∞一
Plate %
x
rO
TREBLE RIVETED JOINT5
ooUBLE BUTI 5TRAPS - FlVE RIVET5 PER PITCH
F3
2·
Max. Pitch
1 ∞ (P-
=一
，…曰…
Eqn. (2)
1∞ (P-2D~+
Combined%
comku nE
:仲..钊l...lo:凡D:_~_L…→_L
100 x A x 4 x 1.875 x 5
lEqn. (3)
PxTx5
Rivet %
,
、，，­
=R
Plate %
唱1
..:...
•e ejee•
旦附一
R
..:..
• •
T且-­
ooUBLE BUTI 5TRAPS - FOUR RIVETS PER PITCH
51-XDA--DA
+D-roE
Max. Pitch
川叫川出肉
vmA
川咿
n
。
斗争
A x 1.875 x 5,
Eqn. (4)
PxTx5
RMAENE
.2P x 1.1 5D
1.5 x D
.625T
==
L
--;;r_.
、‘，，、‘，，
句，&
唱i
，，‘、
唱-A
，，.、-
P
1∞ x
Eqn. (6)
ooUBLE BUTI 5TRAPS - FIVE RIVET5 PER PITCH
一」_M缸. Pitch
6 x T + 1.625
·凹ate %
100 (2-2D~+
Combined %
Eqn. (15)
Reg.l84
nHaF巳
E』
lEqn. (3)
PxTx5
ER
吨
$3W巳
O 同『沟
h吨
-凡
a
。
m注
咆
Eqn. (2)
1 ∞ xAx4x 1.875x5
=
R
= O.165P +. 670
=1.5xD
(P- D)
BUTT STRAPS = .625 x 一一一一一
(P - 2D)
Eqn. (11)
1∞ (P- D)
一
P一-，
Plate %
Rivet %
R,
E
RL 伊
eeeee
eeeM
'ee
川
le
tEE'1
m
叫川
eeee
.
TREBLE RIVETED JOINT5
ooUBLE
BUTI
5TRAPS - FOUR RIVETS PER PITCH
J___L
Max. Pitch
5.52 x T + 1.625
BUIT SfRA自::::
Eqn. (9)
.57f
(W lD E)
BUIT SfRAPS= .625T
(NARROW)
Eqn. (10)
TREBLE RIVETEn JOINτs
OOUBLE BUTT STRAPS OF UNEQUAL W ID'τH …FlVE
Max. Pitch
1∞ (P 咐。)
Plate %
p
100 x A x 8.5 x 5 ,
Ri vet %
PxTx5
I∞ (P- 20)
combiaed%z
p
l00)( A x 5,
Pxτx5
:::
.2P 立 1.150
= OJ65P x .670
1.5 x 0
BUIT SfRAPS= .75T
(WIDE)
黯UIT SfRAPS= .625T
(NARROW)
e 院::::
Fl G.30
Plate %
100 x A x 8.5 x 5 ,
PχTx5
FlG.l
(iiυ
Eqn.
(iv)
I (See'1i脚 3)
Nominal thickne$sof test pieα
(份
3/8 inch
and
thicker
Upto but not induding 3/8 in
Eq杭州
Eqn. (15)
Reg.l84
应qn. (9)
(10)
m.
Width
Gauge ,Length
Parallel Length
Ra dius as shoulder (Minimum)
W
L-_
P
R
2
m.
1
4
2~
4~
1
8
1
12
:佳
忘qn.
(11)
Eqn. (2)
Eqn. (3)
Whenth告 wid注lof 泣lema检rial 协 be
prepara悦。n
mat延rial
No阳:
of the standard terlSile test
m森ybe used.
Eqn. (12)
or 20
whichever is greater
R,
: : : 2xO
E
=1.5xO
Bl.Jπ 白衣APS= .75T
(WIOE)
Eqn. (13)
Reg.l84
BUTτ SfRAPS=嗣 625T
忘qn.
寂qn.
m.
(max.)
8
9
1
18
1~
m.
(max.)
8
9
1
18
tested is 泣15双fficient to permit of the
piece of the full wìd也 of 泣le
pieces￥ a
(1) For some material it is convenient
怡脚 straight Pωallel test pi眩目.
(2) For cehain non-阳rous metals it is somelimes convenient to use 位le
S饭ndard test pieces 出at has a width of 1 /2 in. and a gauge leng由 of
2in. 如r 出ickness exc四ding 1/4 凶.
(3)
Eqn. (4)
1~
A 阳t;pi就'e of 位le 也m创l5iorlS ~民ven in Col. (üi) for m刷刷 under
2/8 in: nominal thicknωs is 讪棚ded for 也e 阳ous metals only.
τESτ 院ECEA斗
2.In τ创l5ile ~ests on special sheet and strip materials (e.g. 彼时I used for
deep pressing operatiorlS)也.e following altemative test piece may be used.
1………… u
r-
，一寸 i
……
(9)
(10)
FIG.2
J'"--
………1
~a机
h
mamo
同m叫
白而吨
宫
H
h 足。这
mw
h
= .33P x .6η〉
(NARROW)
I I "")、-----由 __J
t
Eqn. (3)
I∞ (P 由 20)
100 x A x 5,
PxTx5
到G.31
I I
Approximate 协tallength
p
Combined % ::::
l__ 翩喃嘟嘟幽幽反
Eqn. (2)
忘 qn.
:::: 6 xτ+ 1. 625
100 (P 叩 0)
汉ivet%
f--- 唱"咄咄咄 l
广叩斗一斗γ_W_ --，-←一一才
Eqn. (11)
OOUBLE BUTI 5τ汉APS OF UNEQUAL WIDTH - FIVE RIVETS PER PITCH
Max. Pitch
广四"啊柑楠产相飞、
汉lVETS PER 问TCH
= 6 x T + 1.625
~
APPEND仅 B
FORMS OF ST ANDARD TENSILE TEST PIECES
STANDARD FLAT TEST PIECES
TE5T PI底C院 A
1. Chief for 协eets， plates, strip齿" flat bars，锐!Ctions， etc.
扣一一一一一 -D一一-一一-
I
SUBSIDIARY STANDARD ROUND TEST PIECES
6. Machined Test Pieces for general pu甲oses (excluding cast iron).
~
D--- 一
-1-
:!|
P
Gauge Length G = 8;
G
Length between grips P to be not less than 9D
P
FIG.3
~
比『
mN
Haks白
a。
'
』 nhH
凡。
h
~sm
H咱
M
STANDARD ROUND TEST PIECES
TEST PIECE B
3. Chiefly for unmachined rods and bars not exceeding 1 in. diameter
(e悦luding cast metals).
FIG.6
Al I testpieces of fo口n B are strictly similar and for the same material give the
same percentage elongation. They give elongation 自gures nearly the same as those
of standard flat test、 pieces 8 in. in gauge length 11/2 in. wide and 1/2 且由ick.
Note: When tensile tests are made on unmachined square and hexagonal bars
excluâing cast mofals the gauge. length shall be 8 times the distance
between the flats'ànd the length between the grips shall be not less than
9 times the distance between the flats.
TEST PIECE B
4. For rods and bars over 1 in. diameter (excluding cast metals).
-.-一
D --一----G
P
Gauge
Leng出 G=4D;
Gauge 阳
1engtl
阱1 G = 4 ..JA = 3且 D
Parallellength P = 9/8 G minimurn
Radius at shoulder for wrought metals
Radius at shoulder for cast metals
3.98 D minimurn
G/4 minimurn.
(0.88 D minimurn).
= G/4 minimurn.
(4.40 D minimurn).
All Testpieαs conforming to the above dimensions are similar to Standard
Test Piece C with corresponding shoulder radius, and give the same percentage
elongation as Test Pieαfor the same materia l.
Recommended dimensions for Subsidiary Standard Round Test Pi配esare
tabulated below. Standard Test Piece C (0.564 in. diameter) is included for
comparison. An y test pie白， however, in which the diameter is not less than
0.125 且， and the dimensions of which conform to the subsidiary standard fo口风
is reeognised as a subsidiary standard test piece.
Length between grips P to be not less than 4.5 D
Diameter
D
FIG.4
TESTPIECE C
5. Machined Round Test, Piece for general
pu甲oses.
一-- D--一-
P to be not less than 214 in.
Cross-sectional area A = 14 呵旧 re in.
Radiusatshoulder= 验 in. minimum for wrought meta Is and 2验 in. minimum for cast metals.
FIG.5
Para lIellen酬1
ffi.
1. 128
0.977
0.798
0.564
0.424
0.3 99
0.357
0.282
0.226
0.159
0.125
Parallel length Rad ius at shoulder R
P (minimum) Wrought
Cas t
Metal
Metal
Cross-sectional
Area
A
sq. ffi.
Gauge
Length
G
ffi.
ffi.
ffi.
ffi.
1 ，0αJO
4.∞
1.∞
5.∞
0.75∞
3.46
2.82
2.00
1.50
1.41
1.26
1.00
0.80
0.56
0.44
4 .50
3.89
3.18
2.25
1.69
1.58
1.42
1.1 2
0.90
0.63
0.50
0.86
0.70
0.50
0.3 7
0.35
0.3 1
0.25
0.20
0.14
0.11
4 .30
3.50
2.50
1.85
1.75
1.55
1.25
1.00
0.70
0.55
0.5αm
0.25∞
0.1412
0.1250
0.1αm
0.0625
0.04∞
0.0200
0.0122
N∞叮可
Gauge Length G = 2 町
Diameter D = 0.564 in;
Crωrossω
跚
臼
s
山叫叫
ss
使e
s
刨
蚓叫
diona
创 叫
1旧
a
APPEN DlXD
PROOF TEST FOR CREEP QUALITY OF CARBON STEEL PLATE OF
BOILER PLATE QUALlTY -SPECIFlCAηON
60 叫 0=60strain 阿 ho时， a retest rnay be made at 加吨uestof 阳 manufa制'er
and shall be accept时 if 国 tisfacto叩， or at the Inspector's di:附捕。na paω 栅tat
a stress 5 per cent l e:ss than 也就$伊cified may be acαpted.
APPENDlXE
NA丁UREO京 TEST
L The test shall consìst of a tensile creep test carried out over a period of at least
48 hours at a temperature of 4500C and with stre路。f 8 tons per sq. in. Under these
conditions the slope of the chord to the creed curve betw制n the 24th and 48th hour
shall not 帆ceed 50 x 10 = 40 strain per hour.
CONDITION OF MATERIAL
2. The test shall be rnade on the rnaterial in the norn1alised condition. The
norrnalising temperature shall be betw四n 8750C-9250C, and the plate sample
shall be rnaintained at the norrnalising tempera挝re for one hour per inch of
thickness and eooled fr，回ly in s磁1 air.
TE~ERATUREOF~
3.(怡
a) 斗Te
棚脏
mpμe
盯
陇
r
'at恤忘剧re
嚓 M础5
阳{础
uremenl俐唰翩翩棚叩唰
FLANGESFO汉 PIPES， VALVES AND FlTTINGS
Table D- For Working Steam Pressures Upto 50 lbs.
(This table d树5 not apply to boiler feed pipes, or toother water pipe结
subj配tto 础ception1l1 shocks).
Table 班，- For Wprking St，础m Pr回sur四 a加ve 50 lbs. and up知 100 lbs. P町
square inch.
Thi，曲ffSS of Flange
公公
Numbertmd
N侧iDÎaStamped or
C恼t
Cast Steel
meter
nal meter
d加仰1m8te(qrgqf
Forgetl， 附四·
and Brm四
b切Z
intl.
of
qcfiBrdOtet
gh量加n or SteeI
白戒re lines)
DÎa.
SENSmVITY OF ST民AlN- MEASURl NG EQUIPMENT
5. The sensitivity of the e~~ensometer must be such that strainscan be measured
to thenearest O.∞002.
READINGS
6. A sufficient number of strain readings shall be taken dearly to define the
c
\
ln.
m
uptth
a
zω lb.
1ω lb.
兹在.
In.
为1
2-5/58
2-7/8
3-1 /4
3-7/16
4-1/2
ln.
4-1/2
4ω1/2
岳阳1 /2
4-1/2
4-1/2
令1/2
4ω1/2
1/2 3叫3/4
4
3/4
今1 /2
1
1-1/4 4俨3/4
1-1/2 5-1/ 4
岳
2
2-1/2 ι1 /2
3
7-1/4
3向1/2
8
4
8-1/ 2
9
'令1/ 2
5
10
11
6
7
12
8 13-1/4
1令1 /2
9
16
10
.11
17
18
12
.13 19斗 /4
14 20-3/4
15 21-3/4
16 22-3/4
.17
24
18 25-1/4
.19 26-1/ 2
20
21
吃2
23
24
(See No叫
梅毒。
Upto
50 111.
mtIptta
o
100 lb.
3陶7/8
4户1/2
4-1 /2
4-1/2
4-5月
令5月
4俨5/8
5
5-3/4
6-1 /2
7-1/2
8卢1 /.2
8卢5月
9-1/4
10-1/4
8-5月
8-5月
8-5月
11 阳1/2
12咱3/4
14
15
16
17-1/4
18-1/2
19-1/2
20-1/2
21-3/4
4-5/8
8-5/8
φ.5/8
今5月
8卢5/8
7
令5/8
4-5 /8
8气5/8
8-5 /8
8-5 /8
8融3/4
8嗣3/4
8-5/8
8-3/4
8-3 /4
12-3/4
12-3/4
8心 /4
12δ/4
12-3/4
12-3/4
12-7/8
12-7/8
12-7/8
12-7/8
12-7/8
12-7/8
12-7/8
12-7/8
12-7/8
若
量，~、
100 Ib.
ln.
3/8
1/2
1/2
5/8
5/8
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
7/8
7/8
7/8
7/8
1
1
1
1
1-1/8
1-1/8
1-1/8
1橱1/4
12侧7/8
1-1/4
12♂/8
1斗 /4
12-7/8
16-7/8
23
16-7/
24
16-7/
27翩3/4 25-1 凡
1 6-7月
26-1/2 16-7/8 16-1
29
16-1
27-1/2. 16嗣1
30
16-1
16-1
28- 1/2
31
16翩1
16-1
32-1/2 29-3凡
4监画雹
m
UFttbo.
'._1_ ~
1δ/8
1-3/8
1-3/8
1-1/2
1-1/2
1-1/2
1-5/8
1-5/8
reg矗.rding
伞>
Upto
5OIb.
Upto
100 Ib.
i1pto
501b.
均to
100 Ib.
ln.
In.
In.
In.
3/8
3/8
3/8
1/2
1/2
9/16
9/1 6
9/16
9/16
11/16
11 /1 6
11/16
11 /1 6
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/8
3/8
3/8
1/2
1/2
9/16
9 /1 6
9/16
3/1岳
1/4
1/4
9/32
5/16
11/32
3/89
13/32
7/16
15/32
1/2
1/2
9/16
11/16
1-1/4
1-3/8
1δ/8
1唰3/8
3 /1 6
3/16
1/4
1/4
5/16
5 /1 6
3/8
3/8
3/8
7/1 6
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
5/8
5/8
5/8
5/8
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
7/8
7/8
7/8
1
1
1
1-1/8
1-31窑
1-1 /2
1嗣1/8
3/喳
7/8
7/8
7/8
1
1
1
1-1/8
1-1/8
1唰1/8
1-1/4
1帽1/4
.
,
911岳
11 /16
11/16
11/16
11/16
3/4
3/4
13/1岳
7/8
15/16
1
1
1
1
1
1-1/8
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-1/4
1-3/8
.>
partiα.dars.
3/毒
3/4
13 /1 6
7/8
15/16
1
1
1
1
1
1-1/8
1-1/8
1-1/4
1翩1/4
1-3 /8
1-3/8
1-3/8
1-1 /8
」「法轧机挝呻如
时同
阳。
西恼
『 怒抵
言比归
矗ccurate to 企 2~percent.
F加1ge
ofP，伊
mea
邮su
山redb
勾
y役
the
盯rm倪oupl怡
.essui扰ta
曲
bl沁
ef，如
or抖仿
th
加
e t1怡
emp
严
eratures肘cifi
缸
ed. 丁wo
thermocouples si Ì\1ated one at each end of the gauge 1阳.gth shall be used
in the case óf test pieces having gauge1engths upto 2 in., and for longer
gauge lengths and additional thermocouple situated atthe rniddle of the
gaugeleng位1 shall be used.
Thermocoupl臼命all rnake goods thermal contact with the 怡然 pie四 and
theprol1配ted from the direct heat of 也.e furnace by being covered with
asbestos tape or 吨uivalent insulation.
The cold júriction shall be rnaintained at a known tempe~ature w~~h
shall be registered by a merα.rry thermometer. Altern就ively， a suitable
means shall be provided for correcting autornatically errors in reading
due 如 changes in temperature of the cold junction.
(b) Temp曹rature Contrøl- The two (or thr辑}仙仪mocouples specified in
daúSe (a) shall agreewith one another within 30C and the average of
these readings shall be taken as the test temperature which shall not vary
from 450 0C by more than :!: 20C throughout the test.
Either a continuous record or sufficient readings of the tempera如reshall
be rnade to indicate that秘密 temperaturecond撼。nshave 快回隔加facto叩·
(c) Heating period before loading-The s严cimen shall be rnaintained at the
sp配i位ed 险mperature for atleast an hour prior to 伽eappli铺tion ofthe load.
STRESS
4. 在，eload r吨山red to produce the sp时ified s饺础s shall be gradually applied
without shock during a period not exceeding f王ve rninutes and the str笛sshall be
茹
.\#.1
τ'able
J- For Working
τable
H… For Working Ste撞m Pressur制 above 150 lbs. and upto 250 lbs. per
square inch.
Diameter of
Flange
Circle
Nominal
lntl. Dia.
ofPipe
In.
白让y
3/4
250 lb
阳市
3/4
1
1-1/4
2嘟112
2
2-1 /2
3
).,.112
4
-4卢1/2
5
6
7
s
?在批ness 吃fFlange
Cast
lron
令1/2
3附1/4
4/1/2
3--1/4
…
4ω3/4
3圄7/1岳
4--5月
1/2
5-1/4
5-1/ 2
6-1/ 2
3--7/8
4卢5/8
4ω1/8
4-5/8
4--5/8
8• 5/8
5/8
5/8
3/4
3/4
3/4
7/8
7/8
7/8
1
1
1
1-1/8
1-1/8
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-1/4
7翩1/4
8
8-1/2
9
10
11
12
13间1/4
9
10
-11
12
-13
14
15
16
-17
18
-19
20
21
-22
Numberand
dia附ler of
Bolts (off
Centre lines
250 1队
In.
2-3/4
4
150 始，
In.
1501b
Diameter
80ft
Circle
Up to 150 lb. Up to
Upto
1501b.
Up to 250lb咂 1501b.
only
2501b.
In.
hι
In.
In.
4ω 112二也5/8
112
2-5/8
2-'1/8-- 4--1/2 4--5/8 1/2
Up to
14--1 /2
16
17
18
19-1 /4
20-3/4
21 阳3/4
nδ/4
24
25-1/4
26-1/2
27-3/4
29
5
5-3/4
6-1/ 2
一
…
一
公5/8
一
一
一
多5/8
8-5/8
弘1/4
8-3/4
10-1/4
11-1/2
12-3/4
14
15
12δ/4
8严3/4
12-3/4
12唰3/4
12φ7/8
12-7/8
16-7/8
16-7/8
16- 1
16-1
16-1
20-1
20-1
20- 1-1 月
20-1斗 /8
24俨 1-1 月
1ω1/4
1-3/8
1-3/8
1-3/8
1-1/2
1-1 /2
1-1 /2
Upto
2501b.
In.In.
3/8
3/8
…
亦即8
17-1/4
18-1/2
19-1/2
20-112
21-3/4
23
24
25-1/4
26- 112
27-1/2
Up to
150 lb.
4--5月
7
7-1/2
8-1/4
1岳
Steel and Bronze
5teel (5tamped or
forged) (See Notes)
3/8
7/16
1/2
5/8
5/8
5/8
3/4
3/4
3/4
7/8
7/8
7/8
1
1
1
1-1/8
1刷1/8
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-1/4
1-1/4
1-3/8
1-3/8
1-3/8
1孔 /2
一
1/2
9/16
11 /1 6
11 /1 6
3/4
3/4
7/8
7/8
1
1
1-1/8
2唰1/ 8
1-1/4
1-1/4
1-3/8
1-3/8
1-1/2
1-1/2
1-5/8
1δ/8
1-3/4
1-3/4
1-7/8
1-7/8
2
2
28斗 12
24户1-1/8
1-事/8
"23
31
32-1/2
29-3/4
24户 1-1/ 8
1-3/4
1δ/8
2-1/4
24
33--1/2
坐子
2公 1-1/4
1心/4
1-5/8
主精1/4
·如eNot部 at
严此irulars.
Pressures
above 挡。 lbs.
and upto 350 lbs' per
1-1/2
1-1/2
2唰1/ 8
1-1 /8
the end of Tables regardíng th前ea拢。 for f1a nges for pipe 险晦 andother
Nominal
Ach必I
lntl到
Ex化rnal
Diameter
ofPipes
Diame位Y
Diameter
ofFlange
Diameter
of Bolt
Circle
Number
and
Diameterof
Bol创'off
ofWrought
αntre
民如
lines)
?我ic/cne部
ofF如1ge
Ca st Steel and
Bronze Steel
(5tamped or
forged)
{附 Notes)
In.
1/2
114
3
1-1 /4
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
3--1/ 4
3
In.
27/32
1-1/6
1-11/32
4--1/2
今112
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
11.
12
13"
14
15
5户1/2
1-11/1岳
1-29月2
3庐3月
3
3阳1/2
4
6-1/2
7-1/2
8-1/2
23"
9-112
10-1/2
11-1/2
12-1 /2
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
24
25
1岳
17'"
18
1~
20
21
22"
..
In.
4--1/2
4ω1/2
4--3/4
5-1/4
5-1/ 2
6-1/ 2
In.
In.
3阳1/4
4--5/8
3--1/ 4
3--7/16
3--7/8
4ω5/8
令1 月
公5/8
令5/8
4--5月
In.
5/8
5/8
3/4
3/4
7/8
1
1
1-1/4
1-1/4
5
4--3/4
5-3/4
6-1 /2
8严3/4
7
7-1/2
8-1/ 4
8严3/4
9酣1/4
8-7/8
13困1/ 4
10-1/4
11-1/2
12-7/8
12-7/8
14ω1/2
12瞄3/4
12翩7/8
16
17
18
14
15
16
17-3/4
18-3/4
19-3/4
20-3/4
2}:.3/4
12-1
12-1
16-1
16-1
16-1-1/8
23
2公1-1/4
2幡1 /2
24--1-1/4
2δ/8
28户1/2
24--1-1/岳 F
29-3/4
30-3/4
24--1-3/8
2-5/8
2-3/4
24-- 1-3月
2翩3/4
7-3/4
8
8-1/ 2
9
10
11
12
19斗 /4
20-3/4
21-3/4
22δ/4
24
25-1/4
26-112
27-3/4
29
30
31
32-1/2
33--1/ 2
24
25-1/4
26-1/ 2
27-1/2
8-3/4
8-3/4
1翩3/8
8-7月
1-3/8
1-1/2
1-1/2
1δ/8
1-5/8
1-3/4
1幡7/8
1 6-1-1 月
1-7/8
2
2
2-1/8
2-1/8
20-1-1 月
2-1/毒
20-1-1/8
20-1-1/4
20-1-1/4
2-3/8
2-3/8
2-1/2
1 6-1-1 月
See no梅 at 位le end of Tables regarding the!隙， a1so for flar哪里s for pipe 泌瞄
and other p缸ticul础. The actua1 ëxtema1 dtame阳S of wrought pi严s giyen
above 器pply 吨旧lly to all tables.
M∞也
24-- 1-1/8
1-5/8
1-5/8
m
Ste喜m
square inch.
square 姐ch.
~这也H
忘M
『
w电
mw
03
阳
知咄咄丸
立
凶 民
Table f.一拨出 Working Steam Pressures above 100 lbs. and 叩to 350 lbs. per
Table K-For Working 抽烟n press田锦 above 350 I弘 and up始 4即如. per
吨回reù时L
Nominlll
lntl.
Dia meteT
ofPipes
Act国1
Extenwd
Diameter
ofWrought
Dia阳阳 joum如
of F.勿nge
of Boit
Cirde
时搭
弘 1/2
In.
27/32
1-1/16
1-11/32
1-11/16
1-29/32
2-318
3
3-1/2
4
4
今1/2
-4ω 1/2
5
5--1/2
6-1 /2
7-1/2
10.
1 /2
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2
2守1/2
3
3
6
7
8
9
10
备1/2
9阳1/2
10-1/2
11-1/2
12-112
14
15
16
17
番11
12
‘ 13
14
15
16
Num加r
T我it:knð;s
tmd
。fF/anjl宫
。忽制'er of
Bolts (off
Cast 5tee1 tmd
Bronze 5teel
centre li仿es)
(5蜘叩edor
(se户e馆油时拙}}
In.
4币1/ 2
4户1 /2
5
5--114
6
6-112
7-1/4
8
9
9-1/2
10
11
12
13唰1/2
14-112
16
17
18-112
19-1/4
21-1 /2
22.;.1 /2
23-3/4
24-314
10.
3-1/4
3- 114
3-314
3-7/8
令1/2
s
5--314
6-1/2
7-1/4
7-3/4
8- 114
9-1/4
10-114
11-1/2
12-112
14
15
16- 1/4
17
19
20
21捅1/4
22-1/4
10.
4卢5 月
令3月
4心 18
4-5/8
4-3/4
8-5月
8-3 14
8-3/4
8-7月
8-7月
8-7/8
12-7/8
12-7/8
12-1
12-1
16-1
16阳1
1~1-1/8
16-1 斗 /8
16-1-114
16-1-1/4
20-1-1/4
20-1-1/4
10.
3/4
3/4
718
118
1
1
1-118
1-1/4
1-114
1-3/8
1-1/2
1-5/8
1δ/8
1-3/4
1-7/8
2
2
2跚1/8
2-1/4
2-3/8
2-3/8
2-1/2
3-5/8
Notes:
百le thicknes附 offlang部 givenin 貌栩栩blesindude 辑陋就d facelor not more
1/16 加. high if such be used.
For 1/2 in. and 5/8 in. bolts 也edi四le能将 oftheholes 牵o be 1/1 6 in.lar锣拨出刷
出edi础ne阳's of the bolts, and for lar跻~ sÎZes of bol始 1/8 批
than
Ir创lorS阳，1 flange嚣，。阳nped or fo咿d) maybe 就rewed or riveted on wi佼I
boss, or welded wi注1 fillet, the flanges being of s知elfor pressur栅 above 1['() Ibs. per
呵uare inch.
Spedal welded-on flang因"极mped or forged) for pipe lines 2-in. r.ominal
diame t4:!r of pipe and upwards (without valves of littings) are made as stated 出Iow，
也e flangese盘棋始din 硝臼ses 汩汩g，也at~民V四 for the next sm磁带r size of pipl~ in 位le
corresp∞战略主able or as e嚣pecially stated.
E
茧
咽'
TableM';;'" For ~o拙，gSteam Pressures above 150 1协 andup始 250 lbs. per
吨md:eù晗刷附-fiondswith Table H modi岛时槌 above.
Table p.… For Working S如am PreSSW:I制 above 2皿岛s. and up如 3501b. per
吨捕归位时zωπ酬pondswi也 Table 1 modified as above.
τable
R-
Flang制 for pip制_，
Valvesand
f奇怪ngs.
For Working S始am Pr酬旧部 above 450 lbs. and upto 600 lbs. per sq础reù也
四icJare豁
of F.剧~e
Nominal
P伊
5ize
Appro:ri- D旬，
rtUJ te outmeter
然ied;必幡
of
meterof f /a nge
Wrought
Dia幡
Num加T
meter
of
of
战"t5
Diameter
of
如im-
k鹏 or 四'lt.1ed
棚 wit在 fi伽
户ce
5
6
7
h
518
518
5/8
518
314
5/8
314
314
718
718
7/8
7/8
718
1
1
1
1
1-1/8
1-118
1-1/4
In.
3/4
3/4
718
718
1
1
1-1/8
2-1/4
2-112
2-3/4
3
3-112
4
1唰114
令1/2
1唰1/4
1-1/4
1-3/8
1-1/2
1-5/8
1-3/4
1-718
2
2-118
2-1/4
2-3/8
2-112
2-518
2-3/4
1-1/4
1-1/4
3
5
5-- 1 /2
6
6- 112
7-1 /2
8-314
9-3/4
10-3/4
11-3/4
12-3/4
13-3/4
15
16
17
18
Circ1e
均对
1
10.
112
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2
2糟112
3
3- 1/2
4
公112
S
6
7
8
9-1/2
10
11
12
13
~4
15
16
1(øJ
3
2
In.
In.
4-1/2
27/32
1-1 /1 6 4卢1/2
1-11/32 s
1-11 /1 6 5--1/4
1翩29132 6
;6-1/2
2-3/8
7-1/4
3
8
3- 112
9
4
9-1/2
4-112
10
5
11
5--1/ 2
12
6-1/ 2
7唰1/2
13- 1/2
14-1/2
8-1/2
16
9-1 /2
10- 1/2 17
11-1 /2 19
12斗 12
20
21-3/4
14
15
23
24
16
25-- 114
17
一
10.
3-1/4
3- 1/4
3唯14
3-7/8
4卢1/2
3
5--314
6- 1/2
7幡1/4
7-3/4
8- 114
9币1/4
10- 1/4
11-1/2
12-3 /4
14
15--1/4
17
18
19-1/2
20-3/4
21-3 /4
23
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
20
Dia-
(5tamped or forgedJ screwed or
r仇怨ted on wit，最
放'Jlts
放"，
臼5t 5t，咐 5tetl
2伽7/8
meter
of
rng
In.
2喃1/4
古风险恶出口机穹h
知
m
叫
h嚣宣言
1t is tecommended that the use of 翻ωmarked -处lould be avoid~.
Table L- For Wor始嗨 Steam Pre部ures Up抽例 如'- per 吨础陀趴ch.
torr嘟归ndswithTab坠丑 m创选ed asabove.
(Tobeωed
讪.
Nominal Actualoutside diameter
Pi严
5ize
olWrought
Dia-
Dia南
Num告。，
Dia-
Thick唰
met衍·
"馆ter
of
Bo1ts
me勿r
01
Bo1t
3
ness
of
flange
6
h
1
1(a)
of
Flange
2
In.
In.
10.
P伊E
5
1/2
1-1/1 6
3/4
5
3-1/2
3网1 /2
1
1 唰11/32
5-1/2
4
1 刷1/4
1 唰 11/16
5-3/4
4-1/4
1-1 /2
2
1 唰29/32
6-1/4
6-3/4
2斗/2
2-3/8
3
5-3/4
5-1/4
3
3斗/2
3阳 1 /2
4
9-1/4
4
5
9翩，3/4
8
4-1 /2
5-1/2
8-1/2
5
6
7
6
7
10-1 /2
11-1/4
12-3/4
10-3/4
8户1 /2
14-3/4
12-1/2
8
9-1/2
10-1 /2
16-1/4
17-1/4
14
15-1/4
9
7-1/4
8
10
.1 0-1/2
11-1 /2
12-1/2
.11-3/4
14
19
21
22-3/4
'"12-5/8
.14帽3/8
15
16
17
24
25-1 /2
27-1/2
.1 5-1/4
18
29-1/4
'"13斗/2
In.
3/4
4
3/4
3/4
6-1/2
7-1 /2
8
8
18卢1/2
3/4
4
4
5-3/4
16-3/4
3/4
4
4
3/4
3/4
7/8
7/8
Diameter
01
jointing
声ce
In.
2-3/4
3-1/4
1 翩1/4
3阳3/4
1 心 /8
4卢 1/4
2幡1/2
3
3-1 /2
4
2
2
2-1/4
2-1 /2
今3/4
1
1
5-1/4
1-5/8
5-3/4
12
12
7/8
1
1δ 14
6-1/4
2
7-1/4
12
12
1-1/8
2-1/4
8卢 1/2
1-1/4
2-1/2
16
16
1-1/8
2幽5/8
1-1/4
1-3/8
2-7/8
3-1/8
9-1/2
10-1 /2
11.1 /2
3-1/4
3.1/2
13δ/4
3-3/4
16
12-3/4
m
16
16
21唰1/4
16
22δ/4
20
1-1/2
1-1/2
1.1/2
24-1 /2
20
1.5/8
4
17
26
20
1-3/4
4-1 /2
18
14翩3/4
The sizes shall be specified by the outside diamet，暗r dimensions given 泊∞lumns 1
{在). The figl.且res in ,column 1 (nominal bore) are approximate and are given for
informationonly.
Bore
In.
7/8
7/8
1
1-1/8
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-1 /2
‘
P伊e
7
1-5/8
8
8
Nominal
1
diameteror
Wrought
Pipe
1(a)
阳 tside
如l..
In.
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1 /2
2
4ω1/2
5
6
7
8
9
10
儿1a:.rimum
27/32
1-1/16
1 晴 11/32
1-11/16
2-3/8
3
3
4
4
5
5-1/2
6-1/2
7-1/2
9
10-1 /2
11-1/2
12.1/2
。ia翩
meter
01
F1ange
2
In.
Dia- Number
meter
01
Bo1ts
01
Bolts
3
8
9-1/4
10-1/2
h
4
4
4-1/4
4-3/4
5-1/4
5-3/4
6-1/2
7-1/2
8-1/2
11幽 1/4
9斗 /4
11-3/4
12-3/4
14-3/4
17
18-3/4
20
22
10
10-3/4
12-1/2
5-1/2
5- 1/2
5-3/4
6-1/4
6-3/4
7刷 1/4
14户1/2
16
17-1 /2
19-1/4
D必-
Th ick-
meter
ness
01
Bo1ts
01
f1a nge
5
6
7
In.
1
1
1-1/8
1-1/4
10.
4
如\.
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
12
16
16
3/4
3/4
3/4
7/8
3/4
3/4
7/8
1
1.1/8
1δ/8
1
1-3/8
1-5/8
1-7/8
2-1/8
2-1/4
2-3/8
1ω1/8
2δ/8
1~1/8
1-1/4
1-3/8
1.1/2
1-3/8
1.1 /2
2-7年
3-1/4
3阿 1 /2
3-3/4
4-1/4
Dia meter
01
jointing
j阳
2-1/4
2-1/4
2翩 1/2
2-3/4
3
3-1/ 2
4-1/ 2
5
5-1 /2
6
6-1/2
7
8
9-1/4
10-1/2
11.3/4
12-3/4
STANDARD PIPE FLANGES
tables of flan萨 dímensions (Table F.T.) have been desi伊ed
to suit pipes and v带ssels eontaining steam at a maximum temperature of 淑X)OF.
If the 检mperature is hìgher than 叙X)OF and does not exceed 9∞OF 趴e
following Table should be used for the next hìgher pr，册sure.
Water pipes for 器 given pressure in whìch the water 松mperature does not
exe，幌d 4500 F may be' fitted wìth 萨langes to the next lower τable 出an that
required for steam at the stated pressure and a maximum temperature of 8OOoF.
In allc制制阳 hydraulic 棚，t pressure should be twice the working pressure
to whìch the pipes are subjected in use唰
百E曹 different
U
苟同
•
4
8
8
9-1/4
of
Bo1ts
5
S怡el
Flanges for Pipes, Valves and Fittings.
in Conjunction with the No沁s and Appendices)
For Working Steam Pressures above 9∞ lbs. and upto 1400 lbs. per 吨uare
and temperature upto 叙X)OF (4270 C).
TableT-
导同轧恰怕这恼。M
均吨
切E
由这
帆
。
Y吨h
m回
Table S- Steel Flanges for Pipes, Valves and Fittings.
For WorkingSteam Pressures above 600 Ibs. and upto 筑lO lbs. per square
in. and tempera如re upto 8∞op (427<'C).
292
lndian Boiler Regulations
Factors X for conver位\g Actual Bre辑king Loads into Equivalent Breaking Loads on Bars of Standard Diameter.
(Equivalent Bre矗king load on B量r of Standard Diameter 骂 Xx Ac阳al Bre毒king Load).
and
F毒ctors K for converting Actual Braking Loads into Transver在e Rupture Stresses
K x Actual Breaking Load in lb.)
••• - - - 0.6 in.τestB毒r
0.085 in. Test Bar
1.2 烛. Test Ba r
1.6 in. TestBar
2.1 in.τ'est Bar
Dia
x
出矗
K
Di在
X
K
X
K
。ia
x
K
Dia
X
K
-r" 帽·…---
In.
In.
In.
w
…
一
一
一
一
一
一
一
…
…
一
一
一
一
一
…
…
…
一
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.60
0.61
0.62
一
1.怒。
。拿0582
1.106
1.107
1.052
…
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.875
0.88
0.89
一
一
…
一
…
一
…
…
一
一
…
…
0.983
0.950
0.919
0.889
0.860
0.833
0.807
0.0193
0.0187
0.0181
0.0175
0.0170
0.0164
…
一
一
一
一
…
t
一
。.0257
1.215
1.172
1.130
1.091
1.053
1.017
1.0∞
一
0.0247
0.0239
0.0230
O.能22
0.0214
0.0207
0.0204
0.02!∞
一
0.01∞
O.∞锦
0.0095
一
O.钝9
O.∞464
O.费1争
0.00455
0.895 0.00447
0.879 0.00439
0.864 O.α0431
0.84争 0.00424
。每 834
。鑫∞416
1.158
2.01 1.140
2.02 1.124
2.03 1.107
2.04 1.的 1
2.05 1.075
2.06 1.059
2.07 1.044
2.08 1.029
2.09 1.014
2.10 1.0∞
2.11 0.986
2.1 2 0.972
2.13 … ..0,958
2.14 0.945
2.15 0.932
2.16 0.919
2.17 0.906
2.18 。‘894
2.19 。譬882
2.20 0.870
0.00341
。膏。0336
0.00331
O.∞1326
0.00321
0.00317
0.00312
。，∞308
0.0030③
0.00299
。‘∞295
0.00290
0.00286
0.00282中
0.00287
O.∞274
0.00271
O.∞267
0.00260
O.∞266
0.00253
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1.198
1.116
1.136
1.107
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0.0150
0.0146
0.0142
0.0138
0.0135
0.0131
0.0128
0.0125
0.0121
0.0118
0.0115
0.0113
0.0110
0.0107
0.0105
0.0102
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1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
、
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1.11
1.12
1.1 3
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
…
0.0552
0.0524
0.0498
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0.0474
0.952 0.0451
0.906 0.0429
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一
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and
INSPECI10N AND 四STING OF BOILERS DURING CONSTRUCI10N
B.
GENEKAL
The InspE磁ng
Authorìty 也11
haveaα黯始 the
works of the manufacturer 喜t
allr辅S俯拾le 也附sand shall 凶严黯部 m翻ufac钮窍。f the boiler at lea必欲放le
following sta伊s and may rej创 any part that does not ∞'mply with 也e
req础rements of the Indian Boiler R唔ulations， 1950. In也se of any doubt，也e
. lnSPE妃ting Authorìty may 础amine at any stage other 位an 除由，gesstipul矗ted
below. The man延fa往回慧rsl也11 give at 1臼st 4 working days' noti儒协约\e
Ins阿拉'lg Author均IIn年硝ng 0蓝白，r before reach地铺位 stage. Before
under始挝ng any of 栓le s槌伊抽句黯tio邸，也e lnSPE啦19 Authorìty IIns伊cting
1. Welded dTUms ønd het.ut例
极)
ensure 队at 由ema始rìals， α到lS位uctionand 抽出gαmform
be made to
to the re守血咄咄啦
。f 伽附er咆ulations.
(ü)
pla始 makers' 出描画出阳;
check 阳 reported result of the m时tanical and chemical proper恤
on the platè makers' certifica怯s against the 目申rirements of the
Ind阳\ Boiler &咱时ations， 19盹
(泌) Witn附加 marking of the t，四tpla恼 forid回回αtion before they
are cut from the 阴阳\t plate or plates.
(b)
(c)
when 峻岭甜甜 plate and er叫 pla阳 have bE酬 formed with plate edges
prepared for welding and 恼tpla恼 are at蚀ched;
when 也eweldir唱。f main cylindrì础1 sllell is ∞mpleted and checked for
circ时arìty:
(d) To examine radiographs and/or r叩0巾
of non-destructive 抽出g;
(e) When openin萨 'have be阳 pr叩ared and stand pip四 and similiu
connections induding end plates have 如en tackwelded 面 position and
s巾附哪棚\tly on completion;
盼 when welding of drwn or shell is completed and to cl黯ckthere∞，rdsof
heat-刷刷tent when heat 加盹nent is requir唱 underth臼er啥也tio部;
(g) When weld
test 咖巾tens have 加np呻ared 加强栓在e
P附iously sele哗d 始时始制悔吗凶时幅员ng;
.
test
P峙，
the
p弘棚，胁 plate iden硝出tion
mark
visible after the boiler part is
::s
恤
shall be ..似双始d 50 as 始加 d倒rly
H the plate's iden位fication ma汰 is unavoidablyαt
out, it shall be 忧郁tsferredby the manufacturer another part of the
component 怕也e 拥tisfaction of the Insp配ting Authorìty;
pl'(对uction weld 制极 are
shall iden盹 weld test plate mate出 lif
required;
(b) wl阳\ thepla阳 arefom隙dto 叩lindrìcal shape with the edges prepared
for welding and set up in readiness for commen四ment of welding and
attachrr阳\t of 怡st pla切切
A. Shell Type Boilers
on the
ii-
ωmple始d.
(c)
ch配ktheiden咄咄tionmar恼gs on the plate wi曲曲ose recorded
s
9~
shape;
(i珍In la抖ngoutand 刷刷ng
Stages of inspection during COll5truction
(i)
ce础c阳 atboile叩悔自 works and cut to size ready for forming
衔。The Ins伊耐ngAu衔。rìty
nom加州dby 趴e In郁瑞鸣 Authorìty. Su踊dent ÚlSPE蝇。因由all
(a)
(访When 制内加附 ready 如r iden岳阳on with 卢 miii
如 cy检tdrì明1
properly calibrated.
制SPECI10N DURING CONSTRUCI10N 占boil破 shall be 问e曲d dw如.g rons恒lction by an In年创ngO菌ωr
in是emal 缸amination
WIl仰 TJlbe Boi阳将
Offic颐指all satisfy 挝mself 白威胁悟出g 吨uipment加S抽血础\t has 快到en
Each
followed by extemal and
st础tping.
~『吨H
泣W
这R
民
『V
~白吨
位) Dw该写!; hydraulic 栅t，
APPEND双 Z
when 伽e
welding of the main cylindrìcal 曲ell
checked for circularity and 仙e radiographic or
records are available for 阳1且itiny;
is ∞mplet时，也e
ultr，础。nic 恼t
shell
reports,
plates ai'e ready for iden创fication wi仙 them血由此ificate，
àn4 set on to the cylindrìcal
shell in readirtess for the circumferen锐al welding operation;
(e) When the welding of 伽.eendpla怡$协 thedrum or the header isωmplete
and 耐\eradi咱raphs or ultrasonic examination records are available for
(d)
Whenthe 创td
formedωsilapewi由 weldedg'即 pr，叩ared
翻立utiny;
(f) When each drum or header is pr叩aredωrec瞻仰e any compensation
plates and a~chment嚣" and when at least 10"10 of each type of branch of
阳be stub is set up ready for welding;
(g) When aU welding on 制ch drwn or header is complete，由.e Insp配住宅
Authorìty will咄eck 加附ords of heat treatment, and mark off of
specimens for pr叩ara锐。nand 阳ting from 阳t pla惚s;
(h) ']\t hydraulic 怡然如llowed by extemal and intemal examination and
t阳ting and stamping. 收1 alloy 伽eldrwns 部.cker 佳tan 50 millime拉回
andhi时1 carbon s阳.J drwns thicker than 1∞刻划加剧嘟缸时ler nond四tructive e:陆孩也tation sllall be done on drwns, nozzle and stub l'reld
a伽耐倒 relief;
(i) Any drum having tll如 holes 削led S1加叫uently 加技\e hydraulic test
shall be fur佼ter， examined onωmple饭on of 剧s work and prìor 10
d出pa时1 纭。m the manufacturers work.
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294
APPENDIXL
SAFETY VALVE DISCHARGE EFFICIENCY TESTING
A. GENERAL
(i) The purpose and manner of 始sting shall be such 臼协 provide sui恒ble
data from which a ∞ns恒nt C may be determined in eq国tion 78. To this
end the following information shall be supplied to the Inspectirig
Authority before 幅伽tg is unde由ken:
(a) Full partia血 rs of the valves ωbe 脑怯d and range of valv，臼 and
springs which 也yr叩resent
(b) Details of the 幅t 血.g including instrurr回归tion and proposed
臼libration procedure.
(c) Propo铠d 困山田s，但pacity， pressure, temperature of steam u皿d
for 由e 险st.
(ü) All t自由19 shall bewitDi臼sedby 也.e In甲配由\gAu由orityor 由.e Insp汇出g
Ofl自由1
(副) T，臼ts
shall be
madeωdetem由四由.e
operative characteristics of
tl四
姐fety valves for which a cons恤\t 臼 ωbede怯回也时缸tdalso 协画幅blish
thed函charge efficiency of the 且每ty valve.
(iv) Where po~ible 也e t，臼tsωdetem由.e opera由\g characteristic and
discharge. effici四cyshall be 臼rriedout using 血e 国mes抱回L 由esame
pressure ∞mfitions and at 位回国me location. wh回也e 阳tsare 臼rried
out 呻arately 血e valves in each 臼seshall be ∞mpt幽 and shall include
all internals, e各 blowdown adj皿恤ent 由\gs.
(叶The set pressure at which 也 opera伽tg characteristics are de恼mined
shall bethe 自由也num set pressure for which 由e spring used is d田igned.
The 怯stshall 臼rried out using steam and shall detem由理由e 皿tp民!SSure，
由e lift at the over press町e specified for 由e type of valve，由 defined in
r唔ulation 292.
(vi) The Insp配ting Authority may dispen皿 with the opera由\g characteristic
t臼ts de田ibed in A (V}.
(vi。由scharge e由d四q 脑ts shall be 臼.rried out using steam and shall be
回E怡d out relative to 也e operative characteristic 幅幅 d臼αibed in A (V).
(剖ü) When the Inspecting Authority is 臼.tisfied 也at 由ed臼ign of valve will
operate 跑出factorily， it shall, if desired, be pem咀ssibleωhold the valve
head mechani臼lly at the prov'四时t while 臼口抖ng out 也e 幅幅怡
ascertain 由e discharge e.伍d四.cy.
(iv) The tests for 0严rating characteristics shall be carried out at tlrr自言
signifi臼ntly different set press田e for each s国 ofvalve.
价) The di础arge e面d四q 幅幅 shall be carried out relative 协 one 民t
已
pr四町'e for each size of valve.
豆
(时) Each 恼tsl回llbe 臼rried out a minimum of thr四 tim回 toobtainaα叩恒ble
~
average resul鼠、
E
(vii) For the 臼se of valves of ei由.er novel or sp回al design of which one s国乏
only is being man曲曲时，幅幅 atone 则 pressure are 严rmittedby 即是
agr芭ement wi曲曲.e Insp配ting Authority. When the range of sizes or
主
pressure is ex阳\deddue ∞'nsideration shall be given in ∞nsul恒tionwi曲回
也e InspectingAu由ority， ωwhe血er further witnl四皿d 脑tsarenece部ary.
s:
巳 DETERMINATION
Et
Pt
be 由eme，画田ed 臼pacity， on test of 且tura怡d steam (Kg/h.)
is 由epr回sure at 坦fety valve inlet at which 由ecapacityw臼 measured
(b.缸 gauge).
Abe 由e area approp血teω 也.e type ofvalve (mm2), [see Regt血岳阳 293(a)].
X be the allowable perc四tage over pressure for 由e type of valve und町幅t
Ct
(See R唔ulation 293).
be 由e ∞nstant detemúned from 怯st.
Et
AI
11
+
\
~J
I 1 +一- I
1∞ 1
Toa，α:ommodate 由epermi出dspeedon 阳t results, toleranæ of valve p缸tsand
springs，出scalcula怯d valve of Ct shall be dera怯dto 锁肌 ωobta扭曲.evalueof
C ωbe used in eq国tion 78 of reguIa tion 293(a).ηtisis 协 ensure 也at all
production val"臼 W诅 achieve 曲曲 rated discharge 臼pacity at not more than
也.e over press田e allowed for 由e type of valve 怡$怡d.
The Inspecting Au血ority may aα:ept a rnore favourable derating factor of upt。
value of Ct wher窜出eperfom\an四 of 世\e valv，臼 under 怯st
and 也.e manufacturing and spring toleranæ- appli臼ble，四surethat 世\e allowable
ove甲ressÙle for 由e type of valve under 脑twillnotbe 阻四ededwh四 a valve
isdischa电ing its ra怯d 臼pacity in servi四.
90%of 由ecalcuIa怯d
ANNEXUREß
CONVERSION TABLE
The 且fetyvalves 幅怯dshall，臼 far as is practi臼ble， be represen恒tiveof
the press田'e and size range of valve manufactured;
(ii) The t，臼ts for 0严rative characteristiαand the discharge effici四q 阳ts
shalI be carried. out on the 世町四 sizes or half the number of siz臼 in the
range, which凹er is smalIer, wi由 a minimum of two sizes.
(面) When the range is extended due consideration shalI be given, in
consultation with the Inspecting Authority, to whe由.er further witnessed
怡sts are Di民:essary.
-
Ct= -.一一-Pt" \
B. VALVES USED 时白面 TESTPRC后RA协屈
(i)
OF CONSfANT C
Let
linch
111回1
u∞t
1 metre
Ilb./yd.
1 kg./m
2S.4mm
0.03937 inch
0.3048 meter
3.28回 feet
0.49ω5 kg./ m.
2.01591 lbs./ yd.
llb.
1 kg.
1 ton/sq.in
1 kg./sq.mm
Ilb./sq.in
1 kg./sq.cm
0.45359 kg.
2.20462 lbs.
1.5749 kg./sq. mm
0.6348 ton/ sq.in.
0.07 kg./sq.cm
14.221bs呵且
冒
UUhD
2
THE INDIAN BOILERS ACT, 1923
(Act No. 5 of 1923)孙
(23rd February, 1923)
An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to steam-boilers
(c哈哈conomis.er" m础ns any part of a feed-pipe 出at
Whereas. it is. expedient to cons.olidate and amend the
law relating' to s.team七Oilersi
is wholly or partially exposed to the actìon of
flue gases for 血epu年ose of recovery of waste
heati
It is hereby enacted as follQws:
(ccc) 吁'eed-pipe"
means any pipe or connected fitting
wholly or partly under pressure throu快 which
feed water passes directly to a boiler and which
doesnot form an int注意ral part .thereofi
1. Short 泣如i.， extent and commencement...... (1) This
Act may be called thelndian Boilers Act, 192.3.
{勾 lt ex~ends to the whole of India except the State of
Jammu and Kashmir.
(d) "owner" includes any person using a boi1er as
agent of the owner thereof and any person using
a boiler which he .has hired or obtained on loan
from the owner thereofi
(3) ltshall come intoforce onsuch date得 as the Central
Government may, by notification in 出.e Official Gazette,
apPQ协l.._... __也
(的 ~'þrescribêa" means prescribed byregulations
or rules made under this. Act;
在D硝nitions-
In tt也 Act，un1酬 there is anything
repugnant in the subject or context-
的飞team翩pipe"
means any pipe 趴rough which
steam passes from a boiler to a pr放\e-mover or
other user or bo血，说-
(a) }" Accid~ntlf means an explosion of a boiler or
革tear叭-pipe or any dalTl.age to a boiler or steampipe which is cà.lculated to weaken the strength
生hereof so as to render it liableto explode;
(i) the pressure at which steam passes through
such pipe exceeds 3.5 挝10萨ams per square
centimetre above atmospheric pressure; or
(aa) "Board'" means 、 the CentralBoilers Board
consti金uted under section 27 A;
(ii) such pipe exceeds 254 m il1 imeters in
inteII\al
(b)咄咄er"xne能飞s any closed vessel 锹ceeding 22.75
diame始r;
and indudes in either cas.e any connected fitting
of a steam-pipe;
liters incapacity which is. used expressly for
genera出\g steam under pressure and includes
any mountmg or other fitting attached to such
vessel, Which is. wholly or partly under pressure
when is shut off;
(g) "structural alteration, addition or renewal" shall
not be deemed to inc1 ude any renewal or
replacement of a petty nature when the part or
fit柑'\g u s.e d for replacement is not inferior in
stI飞出军队， efficiency or otherwise to the replaced
part or fitting.
(c) "Chief Inspector", "[沟puty Chief Inspector" ,'and
"Inspector" means , respectively , a person
appointed. to be a Chief Inspector, a Deputy
Chief Inspector and an Inspector under this Acti
2A. Application of Act to feed-pipes- Every reference
Act except whe搜出e word "stea珉-pipe" is used
inclause 梢。，f section 2 to a steam-pipe o.r steam翩pipes
shall be deemed to inc1ude also a reference to a feedpipe or feed-pipes , resp时总vely.
抽出is.
Statement of Objects and Reasons, See Gaz础:e of India,
1923, Pt. V, p. 24曾 and for Report of Joint Committe哇'， see ibid,
p.15.
ThisActh矗s been extendedto 8erar by Act 4 of 1941i to Goa,
Dam矗nand Di\l by Reg. 12 of 1962, s. 3 and Sch.i to Dadra and
Nagar Haveli by Reg. 6 of 1苦碍， s. 2 and Sch. 1; to Laccadive,
Mini∞y and Am indivi Islands by Reg. 8 öf 1争65， s. 3 and Sch.
and to Pondicherry by Ac; t 26 of 1968, s‘ 3 and Sch.
. 1st January, 1924, vide Notification No. , A-61, dated the 4也
De部协er， 1923，部e Gazette of India , 192丸 Pt.l， p. 1695.
飞 For
#
2B. Application of Ad to economis毒怪叫 Every reference in this Act to a boiler or boilers except in dause
(∞叶 of section 2, shal1 be deem时 to indude also a
reference to an 配onomiser or economisers, respectively.
296
lndian Boilers Act
3. Limitation of application- 创 Nothing in this Act
shall apply in the case of any boiler or steam-pip e-…
(a) in any s怆am~pipe as defined in section 3 of the
l[Indian Steamships Act, 1884 (7 of 1884月， or in
any steam-vessel as defined in section 2 of the
Inland Steam-ves始Is Act, 1917 (1 of 191 7);但
(b) belon哥ng to, or under the control of the Army,
Navy or Air Forceì or
(c) appertaining to a steri1izer or disinfector of a
type such as is commonly used in hospitals, if
the boiler does not exceed ninety one liters in
但pacity.
。) The Central Government may , by notification ir飞 the
Official Gazette, declare that 也e provisions of this Act
sþall not apply in the case of boilers or stear叭-pipes， or
any specified c1我ss of boilers or steam-pipes, belonging
to or under the control of any railway administered by
the Central Governmer飞t or by any State Government
Qr by any railway company 都 defined in c1 ause (5) of
section 3 of tþe 2[Indian Railways Act, 1890 (9 of 1890)].
4. Power to limit extent- The State Government may,
by notification in the Offidal Gazette, exc1ude any
specif始d area from the operation of all or any specified
provisions of this Ac t.
5. Chief Inspector, Deputy Chief Inspectors and
State Government may appoint
such persons as it thinks fit to be Inspector啄 for the
State for the purpos创 of this Act, and may define the
locallimits within which each Inspector sha11 exercise
the powers and perform the duties conferred and
挝tposed on Inspectors by or under this Ac t.
Inspectors一 (1)τhe
(2) The State Government may appoint such persons as
挑出irtks fit to be Depu巧， Chief Inspectors for the State
and may define the local 桂nits within which each
Deputy Chief Inspector shall exercise his powers and
perform his duties under this Act.
(3) Eve巧r Deputy Chief Inspector may exercise the
powers and perform the duties confessed and irnposed
on Inspectors by or under 也is Act and , in addition
the坦怡， may exercise such powers 6r perform such
duties conferred or imposed on the Chief Inspector by
"1. See now th世 lndian Merchant Shipping A仗， 1923 (21 of 192衍， 8.2.
"2. Seenow η\eRailways A仗，凹的 (24 of1 989).
.. Availllble at 如fls. J.M. JAII'非A & BROS., 3622, Mori Gate,
Delhi . 110006, Ph,: 2942004, Fax: 2915064,
297
。r under Act, as the State Government may assign to
him.
(4)ηte State Government shall appoint a person 怕 be
Chief Inspector for the State who may, in addition to
the powers and duties conferred and 泊tposed on the
Chief Inspector by or under 出is Act, exercise any power
or perform any duty so conferred or irnposed on DepUty
Chief Inspector 恍如spectors.
(5) Subject to the provisions of this act, the Deputy
Chief Inspectors and Inspectors shall exerdse the
powers and perform the duties conferred andirnposed
on them by or under the general Superintendence and
control of the Chief Inspector.
(6) 吐te Chief Inspector, Deputy Ch ie( Inspectors and
Inspectors may offer such advice as they 佼也也 fit to
owners regarding the proper maintenance and safe
working of boilers.
(7) The Chief Inspector and all D叩uty Chief Inspectors
and Inspectors shall be deemed to be public servants
within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian Penal
Code (45 of 1860).
6. Prohibition of use of unregistered of uncertificate
boiler- Save as otherwise expresslyprovided in the
Act, no owner of a boiler shall use the boiler or permit
if to be used(a) unless it has been registered in accordance with
the provisions of this Actì
(b) in the case of any boiler which has been
transferred from one State to another, until the
transfer héls been reported in the prescribed
manner;
(c) unless a certificate or provisional order
authorising the use of the boiler is for the tirne
being in force under this Act;
(d) ata pressurehigherthan 泣飞e maximum pressure
recorded in such certificate or provisional order.
(e) where the State Government has made rules
requiring that boilers shall be in charge of pe碍。m
hold部g Certificates of profidency or compet凹cy，
unless the boiler is in charge of a person holding
the certificate re哇啦red by such rules.
Provided that any boiler registered , or any boiler
certified Of licensed, under any Act hereby repeated
shall be deemed to have been regìstered or certified, as
the case may be, under this Act.
298
lndian Boiler Regulations
7. Registration- (1) 币\e owner of any boiler which i嚣
not registered under the provisions of 也is Act may
apply to 也e Inspector to have 白.e boiler registered.
军very s ,",ch application shall be. accompanied by
prescribed fee.
of which 出e issue has b四'n ordered, and, where the
boiler has been registered, the owner shalI wi也in the
严escribed period cause the register number to be
permanently marked thereon in 出e prescribed m叙mer;
(2) on receipt of an appUcation under sub-section 仰，
由.e Inspector shalI fix a date, wi出in 也irtydays or such
shorter period as may be prescribed from 也.e date of
出.e receipt, for the examination of the boiler and shalI
give the owner.thereof not less 血an ten days' notice of
the date so f以.ed.
8. Renewal ofξertificate- (1) A certificate authorising
theu悦。.f a boiler shal1 cease to be in force:
(3)α\the said date 出e Inspector shalI proceed to
measure and examine 出e boiler and to determine in
也epre配ribed manner the max姐lum pressure. If any,
at. which such boiler, may be used, and shall report 血e
result of the examination to the Chief Insp能tor 抽出e
prescribed form.
(的 on
the expiry
granted; or
但)
Chief Inspector, on receip.t of 在e report, may-
register the boiler and assign a register number
饺\ereto either for也wi出 ora伐时陇海，fying 恼黯甜
由at any structural alteratioI飞， addition or renewal
which he may deem necessary h部 beenmadein
or to the boiler or any steam-pipe attached
thereto, or
(b) refuse to register the boiler.
Provided 也at where the Chief Inspector. refuses to
register a boiler, he shal1 forthwith communicate his
refusal to the owner of the boiler toge白.er with the
reasons therefor.
(5) The Chief Inspector shal1, onregistering 出e boiler,
order the issue to the owner of a certificate in the
prescribed form authorising the user of the boiler for a
period not exceeding twelve months at a pressure not
ex传eding such maximum pressure as 抽出inks fitand
as is in accordance with the regulations made UI略目
this Act.
Provided 也就 a certificate issued under 也is sub-section
is respect of an economiser or of an unfired boiler
which forms an integral part of a processing pla时 in
which steam is generated 50lely by 出euseofo埠，部phalt
or bitumen as a heating medium may authorise its u何
for a period into exceeding twenty four months.
(6) 币\e Inspector
shalI fortwith convey to the owner of
the boiler, the orders of the Chief Ins严ctor and shall in
accordance therewith issue to the owner any certificate
period for which it was
(b) when any accident occurs to 出e boiler; or
(c) when the boiler is moved，生he boiler not being a
vertical boiler the heating surface of which is
less 血an 18.58 吨uare metres, or a portable or
vehicular boiler; or
(d) when any strudural al始ration， addition or
renewal is made in or to the boiler; or
也 ω(e)
(4) 百\e
of 出.e
.if..the...Chief Inspectorin anypartiωlar case so
direct嚣， when any structural alteration, addition
or renewal is made in or to any steam-pipe
attached to the boiler; or
(f) on the communication to the owner of the boiler
of an order of the Chief Inspector or Inspector
prohibiting i始 useon 加 ground 也就 it or any
steam-pipe attached ther!!to is in a dangerous
condition.
(2) Where an order i碍 made under c1ause(f) of subthe grounds on which the order is made
shalI be communicated to the owner with the order.
蹄悦。n (巧，
{动When a certificate cea锦s to be in force, the owner of
the boiler may apply 抽出.e Inspector for a renewal
thereof for such period not exceeding twelve months
as he may s严cify in 出e 呼pUcation.
Provided that where the certificate relates to an
创onomiser or an unf让ed boiler which forms an integral
part of a processing plant in which steam is generated
solely by the u部 of oil, asphalt or bitumen as a hea挝ng
mediu~]，自.e application for its renewal may be for a
period nò't exceeding twenty翩four mon也S.
(4) An application under sub-section (3) shal1 be
accompanied by the prescribed fee and, on r配eipt
出ereof，出.e Inspector shalI βxadate，脱出in thirtydays
or such shorter period as may be prescribed from the
dateof 出e receipt for 如e examination of the boiler and
shall give the owner thereof not less than ten days'
notice Qf the date 50 fi.xed.
299
Indian Boilers Act
Provided 位时， where the certificate has ceased to be in
force owing to the making of any structural alteration,
addition or renewal，役\e Chief Inspector may dispense
with the payment of any fee.
Act and of the regulations made hereunder, ordεr the
renewalof 在.e certifica始 in such terms and on such
conditions, if any, as he thinks fit, or may refuse 如
renew it.
Provided further 也就 in the case of an economiser or of
an unfired boiler which forms an integral part of a
processing plant in which steam is generated solely by
the use of oil, asphalt or bitumen as a heating medium,
the date fixed for its examination shall be within six守
但ysfrom 也.e date of receipt of the application and the
owner shall be given not le黯 than thirty days, notice of
the date so fixed.
Provided 也就 where 位将 Chief
。) on the said date the Inspector shall examine the
boiler 抽出e prescribedmanner, and if he 1s satisfied
that the boiler and the steam-pipes or stea凯斓pipe
attached thereto are in good condition shall iss时 a
renewed certificate authorising 泣\e use of 出.e boilerfor
such períod not exceeding twelve months and at a
pressure not exceeding such max捡回m pressure as he
h肌ks fit and as is in accordance with the regulations
made under 役让sAct.
Provided that renewed certificate issued under this
sub咽ction in respect of an economiser 34 or of an
unfired boiler which forms an integral part of a
processing plant in which steam is generated solely by
the use of oil, asphalt orbitumen as a heating medium]
mayau也orise its use for a period not exceeding twentyfour months.
Inspector 陀fuses to
he shall forthwith communicate his
refusal to the owner of 也e boiler, together with the
reasons therefor.
renewace位迁icate，
(7) No也in窑 in this section shall be deemed to prevent
an owner of a boiler from applying for a renewed
certificate therefor at any time during 位.e currency of a
certificate.
9. Provisional orders…Where the Inspector reports
the case of any boiler to the Chief 加pector under sub俐
section (3) of section 7 or sub椭section (5) of section 8, he
may, if the boiler is not a boiler the use of which has
been pr出版时 under clause (f) of sub-section (1) of
section 8, grant to the owner 也ereof a provisional order
in writing pe口则忱ing the boiler to be used at a pressure
not exceeding such max协um pressure as he thinks fit
and as in accordance with the regulations made under
位也 Act pending the receipt of the orders of the Chief
Inspector. Such provisional order shall cease to be 总
forc萨一
(a) on the expiry of six months from the date on
which it is granted, or
(抖。nreceiptof 也e orders of the Chief Inspector, or
Provided
fur也er
that
if 出.e
Inspector…
(c) in any of the cases referred to in claus部(b ), (c) ,
(哟，但) and (f) of sub-section 仰 of section 8.
(a) proposes to issue any certificate(i) having validity for a less period than
period entered in 血è application, or
也e
(ii) increasing or reducing the maximum
pressure at which the boilermay be used,
or
(b) proposes to order any structural alteration,
addition or renewal to be made in or the boiler
or any steam-pipe attached thereto, or
(c) is of opinion that 也.e boiler is not fit for use, the
Inspector shall, within forty-eight hours of
making the examination, inform 位\e owner of
the boiler in writing of his opinion and 也e
reasons therefor, and shall for注\with report 也e
case for orders to the Chief Inspector.
(的 τhe
Chief Inspector, on. receipt of a report under
sub-section (窍， may, subject to 也.e provisions of 也is
and on so ceasing to be in force shall be surrendered to 位\e Inspector.
始. Use of boiler pending grant of certificate- (1) Notwithstanding any也ing herein before contained, when
也e period of a certificate relating to a boiler has expired,
也.e owner shall, provided 也.at he has applied before the
似piry of 出at period for a renewal of the certificate, be
entit1ed to use 位\e boiler at 趴e max挝旧胆 pressure
entered in the former certificate pending the issue of
orders on the application.
(2) Nothing in sub-section (1) shall be deemed to
authorise the u能r of a boiler in any of the cases referred
to in clauses (b), (吟I (哟，但) and (f) of sub-section (1) of
section 8 occurring after 也.e expiry of the period of
certificate.
.lndian Boiler Regulations
300
11. Revocation of certific制。r provisional order-……
在\e Chief Inspector may at any time wi仙.draw or revoke
any certificateor provisional order on 也.e report of an
InspectûI or otherwise(a) ìf there is reason to believe that 也.ece剧组cate or
pro世sional order has been fraudulently obtained
or has been granted erroneously or without
sufficient eXaII也\ation; or
(b) if the boiler in respect of which it ha~ been
granted has sustained injury or has ceased to be
ing∞d condition; or
(c) where the State Govemment has made rules
requiring that boilers shall be in charge of persons
holding certi在.cates of proficiency or co凯.petency，
if the boiler is in charge of a person not holding
thece公ificate required by such rules; or
(d) where no such rules have been made，迁出e
气些变理eris 些些安慰~~p_e~些∞?怜拴在2! '.ltéiYï.ng
regard to the condition of 也eboilerin 也.eopinion
of the Chief Inspector competent to have charge
there-óf.
Provided 也at
where the Chief Inspector withdraws or
rev:okes a certificate or provisional order ∞也eground
specified in dause (哟， he shall communicate to the
owner of the boiler his reasons in writing for the
withdrawal or revocation and the order shall not 始ke
effect until the expiry of 泣白ty days from 自e receipt of
such communication.
12. Alterations and reneWals to boile跚跚唰.Nos位抵抗ual
a1teration, additi∞ or renewal sha在 be made in or to
any boi1er registered. under this Act unless such
alteration, addition or renewal has been 锦nctionedin
wrUing by the. Chief 国spector.
13. Alterations and renewals to steam-pipes- Before
the owner of any boiler registered under 邸sActmakes
any structura1 alteration, additionor renewal in or to
any steam-pipe attached to the boiler, he shall transmit
如白eChief Insp机tor a report in wri由\g of his intention
and .shall send therewith such partic时ars of the
proposed alteration, addition or renewalas may be
prescribed.
14. Duty of owner at examination… (1)α\ any date
fixed under this Act for the examination of a boiler，也e
owner thereof shall be bound…
(a) to afford to 血e Inspector all reasonable facilities
for the examination and all such information as
may reasonably be required of him;
(b) to have the boiler properly pr呼ared and ready
for exàmination 扭曲e prescribed m缸meri and
(c) in the case óf an applica砾。n for 出e registration
of a boiler , to provide such drawings ,
specifications, certificat廷 ando由er pa此iculars
as may be prescribed.
(2) If the owner fails , withoutreasonable cause to
comply with the provisions of sub-section (巧，出e
Inspector shall refuse to make the examination and
shall report the case to the Chief Inspector who shall
unless sufficient cause to 也e contrary is shown, require
也e owner to file a fresh application under section 7 or
section 8，掘出.e case may forbid 剧mtou跑出e boiler
notwithstanding any位出\g contained in section 10.
1S.Production of Certificates, etc.一 τhe owner of any
boiler who holds a certificate or prov凶∞a1 order
relating 出.er.etctshall， .atall..r.easonable 创me应.during.也已
period for which the cert证icate or order is in force be
bound to produce the same when called upon to do so
by a District Magistrate, Commissioner of PoHce or
Magistrate of the first class having jurisdiction in 也e
area in which the boiler is for the 位ne being or by 自e
Chief 趾\Spector or by any Inspector appointed 据\der
the Indian Factorie窑 Act， 1911 飞 (12 of 1911) or by any
person specially authorised in writing by a District
Magistrate or Commissioner of Police.
16. Transfer of Certificate etc.- If any person becOII附
也.e owner of a boiler during the p硝od for which a
cer峭儒生e or provisi∞al order relating thereto is in
force，也.e preceding owner shall be bound to make
over to him 由e ce此也.cate or provisional order.
17. Powers òfentry.....; AriInSpedor may, for the p呻仰
。f Inspec位鸣。r examinin窑 a boi1er or any steam-pipe
a忧ached thereto or of seeing 也就 any provision of this
Act or of any re事11硝.on or rule made hereunder has
been or is being observed, at all 指部onable 位nes enter
any place or building wi也in the limits of the area for
which hehas b时napp馆\ted in which he has reason to
believe 宿吠 a boiler is in use.
18. Report of acddent如相 (1) If any accident 时curs to
a boil臼 or steam-pipe, the owner or person in charge
thereof shall within twenty-four hours of the accident,
report 也.e same in writing to the Inspector. Every such
report shall contain a true description of the nature of
-See now the
Factorie由Act，
1948 (63
of 1948).
-
lndian Boilers Act
a accident and of the injury, if any, caused thereby to
boiler or to 也e steam-pipe or to any pe罚。>n， and
shall be 如sufficient deta吕 to enable the Inspector to
judge of 位le gravity of 出.e accident.
也e
(2) Every person shall be bound to answer 饲ly to 阳
best of his knowledge and ability every questi∞ putto
挝m in writing by 也e 主lSpector as to 血.e cause, nature
or extent of the acciden t.
19. Appeals to Chief Inspector-Any person to
considering himself aggrieved by(的 an
order made or purporting to be made by an
Inspector in 也e exercise of any power conferred
by or under this Act, or
(b) a refusal of an Inspector to make any order or to
issue any cer位虱catewhich he is required or
enabled by or under 岳飞is Act to make or issue,
may, within 出irty days from the date on which such
order or refusal is çemmunicated to h拙，叩peal against
也.e ord臼 orre扫毒al to theChief Inspector.
20. App相Is to appe l1ate authority- An y person
considering himself aggrieved by an original or
appellate order of the Chief Inspector(a) refusing to register a boiler or to grant or renew
a certificate in respect of a boiler; or
在)
refusing to grant a ce此ificate having validity for
full period applied fori or
注le
(c) refusing to grant a certificate authorising the
use of a boiler at the maximum pressure desiredi
or
(d) withdrawing. or revoking a certificate or
provisional orderi or
(e) reducing the amount of p陀ssure spec迫ed in
any certificate or the period for which such
cer创.cate has been granted; or
(f) orde比19 any s位uc切ral alteration, addition or
renewal to be made in or to a boiler or steampipe, or refusing sanction to the making of any
s饺uctural alteratioI飞， addition or renewal in or
to a boiler,
may, within 出irty days of the communication to him
of such order, lodge wi也 the Chief Inspector an appeal
to appellate au出.ori守 to be constituted by the State
Goverrunent under 出s Act.
301
20A. Power of Central GovemmenUo revise order of
appell挝e authority- (1) Any person consider面g
himself aggrieved by an order of 臼 appellate auth据可
refusing under section 20 to interfere wi也臼 ordernot
to 坦gister a boiler or not to grant or renew a certificate
in res伊ct 也ereof on the ground 也at the boiler does
not conform to 趴.e regulations made under this Act
may, wi也in two months of 出.e communication to h出l
of such order, make an application to the Central
Goverrunent for a revision of 出at ord.er on 役1e ground
that such boilers are in use in other coun制.es.
(2) Upon 注le receipt of such an applica悦。>n，也.eCen位al
Goverrunent may, after cal如19 for relevantrecords and
other information. from .the appellate authori可 and
considering the observati∞s， if any, of 也at au啦。rity
∞出.e applica悦。n and after obtaining such technical
advice as the Central Government may consider
a配essary， pass such order in relation to 也e application,
as the Central Goverruner吐出inks fit; and where the
revision is allowed, the order shall specify 也at terms
and conditions on which any variations from the
regulati∞s made under 副s Act are to be dealt with
during the examination of the boiler.
21. Finality of orders- An order of the Central
Goven出lent under section 20A and, save as 0也.erwise
providein sections 始， 20and 20A, an order of an
appellate au也ority， or of the Chief Inspector, or of a
De puty Chief Inspector, or of an Inspector, shall be
final and shall not be called in question in any court.
22. Minor penalties-…Any 0阴阳 of a boiler who
refuses or without reasonable excuse ne原ects…
(i) to surrender a provisional order as required by
section 9, or
(动 to produce a cer位ficate or provisional order when
duly called upon to do so under section 15, or
(ili) to make over to the new owner of a boiler a
certi盒.cate or provisional order as required by
拥ction 16,
shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one
hundred rupees.
23. Pehalties for illegal 础e of boiler- Any owner of
a boiler who, in any case in which a ce此ificate or
provisional order is required for the uses of the boiler
under 也is Act, uses the boiler either without any such
ce:批埠.cate or order being in force or at a higher pressure
Indian Boiler Regulations
302
than that all.owed thereþy, shall bepunisl飞able with
fine which may extend t.o five hundred rupees, and in
the case .of a c.ontinuing .offence, with an additi.onal fine
which may extend t.o .one hundred rupees f.or each day
af毛er 出efi黯t day in regard t .o which he is c.onvicted .of
having persisted in the .offence.
Li mitation and previous. sanctionfor prosecuf.or jln .offence made punishable
by .or under 仕让s Act shall be instituted except within
twenty翩f.our months fr.om the date .of the c.ornmencement
.of the .offence, and n .o such pr.osecu位on shall be instituted
with.out the previ.ous 铅ncti.on .of the Chief Inspect.or.
24. Other penalties- Any pers.on who-…
27. Trial of 0任'ence谷一 N.o .offence made punishable by
.or under 校'Üs Act shall be t宜ied by a C .ourt inferi.or t.o
U飞at .of a Presidency Magistrate .o r a Magistrate .of the
first class.
(a) uses .or permits t.o be used a b .oiler .ofwhich he is
the .owner and which has been transferred fr .om
.oneStatet.o血。由，er with.out such transfer having
been rep.orted as required by secti.on 6,.or
(b) being the .owner .of a b .oi1er fails t.o cause the
register number all.otted t.o the b .oi1er under this
Act t.o be marked .on 位也 b.oiler as required by
sub-secti.on (6) .of secti.on 7, .or
(c) makes any structural alterati.on , additi.on or
→叫 renewal 凶。rt.o a-boi1er-withouHirst obtaining
the sancti.on .of the Chief Insp舵t.or when s.o
required by secti.on 12, .or t.o a steam-pipe with.out
first inf.orming the Chief Inspect.or , when s.o
r吨uired by secti.on 13, .or
(d) fa i1s t.o 蛇p.ort an accident t.o a b .oi1er .or
pipe when s.o required by secti.on 18, .or
steam伽
(e) tampers with a safety valve .of ab.oi1er s.o as t.o
render it in.operative at the m.axirnum 严'essure
就 which the use .of the b .oiler is au血。rised under
this Act, .or
(f) all.ows an .otherpers.on t.o g .o inside a b .oiler
with.out effectively disc.onnecting 由台 same in
the prescribed manner fr .om any steam .or h .ot
water c.onnecti.on with any .other b .oiler .or fr .om
fuel mains,
shall be punishable with fine which may extend t.o five
hundred rupees.
25. Penalty for tampering with register mark一
(1) Whoever rem.oves, alters, defaces, renders invisible
or .otherwise tampers wi也 the register number marked
.on a b .oi1er in acc.ordance with the pr.ovisi.ons .of this
Act .or any Act repealed hereby , shall be punishable
with fine which may extend t.o five hundred rupees.
marks up.on a b .oiler a register
number which has n .ot been all.otted t.o it under 位也 Act
.or any Act repealed hereby, shall be punishable with
impris.onment which may extend t.o tw.o years , .or with
f胁。.or with b .o th.
(2) Whoev时 fraudulently
2~.
,
tion扣唰 N.o pr.osecuti.on
27A. Cenlral Boilers Board- (1) A B.oard t.o be called
thεCentral Boilers Board shall be c.onsti相ted t.o exerc时
the p .owers c.onferred by secti.on 28.
(2)τhe B.oard shall c.onsist .of the f.ol1.owing
namely:
member荡，
_.(a)._suc.h-.nllmber-of ..membersr-includin事 the …
chairman, n .ot exceeding fifteen , as the Central
G .overnment may n .ominate in the prescribed
manner t.o repre回nt that G.overnment, the Uni.on
territ.ories，也，e 'rai1ways, the c.oal indust巧， the
IndianStandards Instituti .o n , the b .oi1 er
manufac姐ringindust咛，也e users .of b .oilers and,
any .other interes始 which， in the .opini.on .of the
Central G.overnment, .ought t.o be represented
.on 位\e B.oard;
(b) a seni.or technicaL .officer c.onversant with the
inspecti.on and examinati.on .of b .oi1ers, t.o be
n .ominated by the G.overnment .of each State
(.other than a Uni.on territ.ory).
。)
Any vacancy .occuring in the B.oard shall be filled as
s.o.on as may be by a n .ominati.on made by the authority
by wh.om the member vacating .office was n .ominated.
(4) The B.oard shall have full p .ower t.o regulate by
.or .otherwise is .own procedure and
the c.onduct .of all business t.o be transacted by 泣， the
constituti.on .of c.ommittees and sub-c .ommittees .of
members and the delegati.on t.o them .of any .of the
p.owers 础d duties .of the B.oard.
means .ofbyφlaws
(5) The p .o wers .o f the B.o ard may be exercise
n .otwithstanding any vacancy i:n the Board.
28. Power 始 make regulations… 1[(1 月 The B.oard may,
by n.otification 部 the Gazette .of India , makeregulati.ons
1.
Section renumbered as sub响c. (1) by Act 4 of 1986, s. 2and S. No.
10ofSchedule,w.e.f.15.12.1 986,videS.O. No. 914(盼， d t.1 5.12.1 986.
.
303
lndian Boilers Act
∞nsistent with 出is
pu号岱es，
Act for a l1 or any of the fo l1owing
namely:
(a) for laying down the standard conditions in
respect of material, desi伊 and construction
which shall be required for the purpose of
enab1ing 血e regist古ation and certification of a
boi1er w:咀础设ús Act;
circumstances in which，自e
extent 全o which, and the conditions subject to
which variation from the standard conditions
laid down under clause (的 maybe pen挝忧edi
(aa) for
prescribing 主he
(b) for p胆量cribing 也e me也od of detennining 出e
ma:xirilum pressure at which a boi1er may be
u但也
(c) for regulating the registration of boilers ,
P陀scribing 也e fees payable therefor and for the
如spec挝on and 以amination of boi1ers or parts
thereof, the drawings, spec迁ications cer挝ficates
and pa而ωlars to be produced by 由，e owner,
也eme出od of preparing a boi1er for examination,
the fonn of .the Inspector' s report 曲时eon，也e
method of marking the register number, and the
period within which such number is to be
marked on the boiler;
(d) for regulating 出，e inspection and examination of
boi1ers and steam-pipes and prescribing forms
of certificates therefor;
(e) for ensuring 也，e safety of persons wor挝nginside
a boiler; and
主8A.
Power of Central Govemment to make
Of.缸dal
Gazette, make rules to provide for-
刨出，e procedure to be
fo l1owed in making applica唰
section 20A and 出，e fees payable in
respect of such applications; and
悦。时 under
在)
any matter relating to the nomination of
members under c1ause (a) of sub-section (2) of
section 27A.
(2) Every rule made under sub-section (1) shal1 be làid
it is made before each House of
Parliament whlle it is in session for a total period of
出泣ty days which may be comprised in onesession or
l[in two or more successive sessions, and 迁， before the
expiry of the session 勘unediately fol1owing the session
orthesucce窑的ve sessions aforesaid] both Houses agree
in making any modification in the rule or both Houses
agree 位时也e rule should not be made, the rule shall
也ereafter have effect on1y in such modifìed form or be
no effect, as 出e case may be, so however，由atanysuch
modifìcation or 部mulment shal1 be without prejudice
to the validity of anything previously done under that
rule.
ass∞In ás may be after
29. Power to make rule←_2[(1月白le State Govemment
may, by notification in 位也 Official Gaze忧、 makerules
consistent wi也吐白 Act and the regulations made
thereunder for a l1 or any of the following purposes,
namely:
(f) for providing for any other matter which is not,
in 也e op坦ion of the Board, a matter of merely
i田al or State impor始nce.
(a) for prescribing the quali血铺位ons and duties of
the Chief Inspector, or Deputy Chief Inspectors
andof lI部pectors， for prescribing of constituting
au血。riti四 to which 趾y shall respectively be
subordinate, and 出e limits of the adrr由ústrative
control to be exercised by such authorities;
1[(2) Eve巧r regulation made under 也is Act shal1 be laid,
ass∞n as may be after,it is made, before each Hou能 of
Parliament, while it is in session, for a total' period of
出irty days which may be comprised in one 钝ssion or
ín two or more successive sessions, and if, before 也e
expiry of the 5eSSion immediately fo l1owing the session
or the successìve sessìons aforesaid, both Houses agree
in making any modifìcation in the regulation or both
在ouses agree 血的出e 坦gulation should not be made,
校le regulation shal1 thereafter have effect only in such
modified form or be of no effect，豁出，ec;:lse 皿，aybe;so，
however, that any such modifìcation or 缸muln即ltshal1
be without prejudice to the va1idity of anything
previously done under 也at re凯11硝on.]
(b) for regulating the transfer of boilers;
(c) for providing for the registration and certifica tion
of boilers in accordance with the re伊lati01 $
made 出lder this Act;
(d) for requirin在 boilers to be charge of persQ, tS
holding certificates of proficiency or ∞mp~­
tency, and for prescribing the conditions on
which such cer位ficates may be granted;
Act 4 of 1986, s. 2 and 5. No. 10 of Schedule, w.e.f.
vide 5.0. No. 914(町， (纭. 15.12.1986.
知ction renumbe然dassub-s悦。) by Act 4 of 1986, s. 2 and 5. No雀
lO of Schedul膏， w.eJ.15.12.1986，却ide5.0. No. 914俑，也.15.12.1986.
1. 5u恼. by
1. 1m. by
Act 4 of 1986, s. 2 and 5. No. 10 of Schedule, w.e.f.
vide 5.0. No. 914(劲， dt. 15.12.1986.
15.12. 1.98番，
rules-一
(1) The Central Govemment may, by notification i衍生he
15.12.19侃，
2.
主04
Ind Ûl n Boiler Regulations
例如r prescribing 也e 位neswi由inwhich Inspectors
shall be required to examine boilers unders配tion
7 or section 8;
。)
for pr部cribing 由.e fees payable for the issue of
renewed certific就部， for the inspection and
examination of boilers of parts thereof or
drawings for steam嗣pipe窑， for the testing of
welders or for any 0也er matter which, in the
opinion of the State Govemment, would involve
time and labour and for prescribing the method
of determining theamount of such fees in each
case;
(g) for regulating inquiries into accidents;
在)
for constituting the appel1ate authority referred
to in section 20 , and for determining its powers
and procedure;
…(i~>.1or_deten时ning_血.e .mod巳oLdisposaL of Jees,
costs
and 阴阳lties
levied under 创s Act; and
(j) general1y to provide for any matter which is, in
the opinion of the Stàte Govemment, a matter of
m~rely local importance in the State.
1[(2) Every rule made by the State Govemment under
this Act sha11 be laid, as soon as may be after it is made ,
before the State Legislature.]
30. Penalty for breach of rule s- Any regulationor
rule made under section 28 or section 29 may direct
that a person contravening such regulatic:;m or rule sha11
be punishable, in the case of a f让st offence, with fine
which may extend to one hundred rupees, and in the
case of any subsequent offence, with fine which may
extend to one thousand rupees.
31. Publication of regulations and rules… (1) The
power to make regulations and rules conferred by
section 28 and 29 sha11 be subject to the condition of the
regulations and rules being made after previous
publication.
(2) Regulations and rules so made shall be published 抽
of India and the local official Gazette,
出eG础ette
k
1.
Ins. by Acf 40f 1:98惑， s. 2 and 5. No. 10 of Schedule, w.e.f.
15.12.1986, nide 5.0. No. 914(E), d t. 15.12.1986.
respectively, and, on such Notification, sha11 have effect
as if enacted in 也is Act.
31A. Power of Central Government to gi v: e
directions… Central Governmentmay give such
directions as it may deem State Govemment regarding
the carrying into execution to 役ùs Act, and the State
Govemment shal1 comply elections.
32. Recovery of fees etc.… All fees， ωst$ and penalties
levied under this Act shall be recoverable arrears of
lat吼糊revenue.
33. Applicability to the Government… Save as
otherwise exp距ssly provìded，制s Act shal1 apply to
boilers 叙l.d steam-pipes belonging to 应e Govèmment.
34.
Exemptions…向 The
State Govemment may, by
no旧kati。在豁出e -Offitial-G础etterexempιfrom 也e ‘
operation of 也is Act, subject to such conditions and
restrictions as it thinks fi仁 any boilers or c1 asses or
types of boilers used exc1 usively forthe heating of
buildings or 由e supply of hot water.
(2) In casεof any emergency, the State Govemment
may, by general or special order in wri位鸣， exempt
any boilers or steam-pipes orany. class of boilers or
steam-pipes or any boiler or steam-pip臼 from the
operation of a11 or any of 出e provisions of 也is Act.
…
If the State Govemment is satisfied that, havin军
regard to the material, design or construction of boilers
and to the need for the rapid industrialisation of the
co出技巧， it is necessary so todo , it ~y， by notification
in the Official Gazette and subject to such conditions
and restrictions as may be specified in the notification,
exc1 ude any specified class of boilers or steam-pipes in
the whole orany part of the State, from the operation
of a11 or any of the provisions of 刷sAct.
。)
35. Repeal 01 enac栩栩 ts… Rep. by the Repealing Act,
1927 (12 of192刀， s. 2 and Sch.Th e schedule- Enactments r叩ealed. Rep. by the R叩ealing
Act, 1927 (1 2 of 192 刀， s. 2 and Sch.